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Lilian Samaniego Lilian Graciela Samaniego González (born 25 February 1965) is a Paraguayan pharmaceutical chemist and politician of the National Republican Association-Colorado Party (ANR-PC). She has been a member of the Senate of Paraguay since 2004. was born on 25 February 1965, in San Vicente, a neighborhood of As... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62161815 |
Lilian Samaniego joined the Colorado Party on 24 March 1982, where she was very active, holding various positions as a delegate, proxy, political secretary of the governing board, and president of the women's central commission. She has been part of some of the party's internal movements, such as the United Colorado Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62161815 |
Lynda Soderholm is a physical chemist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory with a specialty in f-block elements. She is a senior scientist and the lead of the Actinide, Geochemistry & Separation Sciences Theme within Argonne's Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division. Her specific role... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62162151 |
Lynda Soderholm Early in her career, Soderholm focused on the characterizing the magnetic and electronic behavior of compounds containing f-ions (lanthanides and actinides) with a focus on high-T materials, compounds that are superconducting under usually high temperatures. She was part of the research group that first... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62162151 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle A bimetallic nanoparticle is a combination of two different metals that exhibit several new and improved properties. Bimetallic nano materials can be in the form of alloys, core-shell, or contact aggregate. Due to their novel properties, they have gained a lot of attention among the scientific a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles can be done using co-reduction, successive reduction, reduction of complexes containing both the metals and electrochemical methods. Co-reduction and successive reduction methods are the most popular preparative techniques. The co-reduction method is sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle The second metal ion gets adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface and gets reduced. This results in the core-shell structure of the bimetallic nanoparticle. Reduction of bimetallic complexes A complex containing both the metals to be present in the bimetallic nanoparticle is taken as the precursor.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle In this type of arrangement, the more expensive or catalytically important metal atom is individually arranged over the comparatively cheaper metal which is catalytically less active. The precious metal atom will be surrounded by the less expensive metal atoms. As they are present on the surface... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle They can be synthesized by using already prepared metal nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. This takes place through a galvanic replacement reaction in which a metal nanoparticle comes in contact with a different metal of higher reduction potential gets replaced. The diffusion process and di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Bimetallic nanoparticle The two different metals present are homogeneously arranged. Due to the variation in their standard reduction potentials the metals tend to nucleate separately and form heterostructures or core-shell. Synthesizing alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles require control over reaction kinetics. Using a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62173649 |
Hanoch Senderowitz (born 1963) () is an Israeli chemist specializing in the fields of Computational Chemistry, Molecular modelling, Computer-Aided Drug Design, and Chemoinformatics. received his Ph.D. in 1993 from Tel Aviv University under the supervision of Prof. Benzion Fuchs. He then spent four years as a Post Docto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62175747 |
Hanoch Senderowitz His basic research focuses on understanding the dynamics of the protein and on the mechanism of action of deleterious, rescuing and stabilizing perturbations to its domains, while his translation research focuses on CFTR as a target for drug discovery. (2) Research on chemoinformatics and materials i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62175747 |
Spin echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) measures structures from around 20 to 2000nm in size. The information is presented as a real-space (similar to g(r)) as opposed to a reciprocal space (q(r)) mapping. The this can simplify the interpretation for some systems. SESANS is useful for studying processes that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62181250 |
Robert C. Armstrong Robert Calvin Armstrong is director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative. He has been a member of the MIT faculty since 1973, and served as head of the Department of Chemical Engineering from 1996 to 2007. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62181814 |
Jürgen Rödel (born September 17, 1958 in Hof) is a German materials scientist and professor of non-metallic inorganic materials at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. He is particularly well known for his fundamental and pioneering work on the mechanical and functional properties of ceramics. This includes his resear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62189156 |
Jürgen Rödel With the support he is currently working on improving ceramics by disrupting their atomic structure. His team is concentrating on a type of crystal defect that, although trivial for metals, has so far seemed unthinkable for hard ceramics. The mechanical deformation of ceramics takes place under controlled ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62189156 |
Robert Kennedy (chemist) Robert (Bob) Kennedy (born 1962) is an American chemist specializing in bioanalytical chemistry including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and microfluidics. He is currently the Hobart H. Willard Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry and the Chair of the Department of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62194268 |
Robert Kennedy (chemist) He has been an Lilly Analytical Research Fellow, Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, NSF Presidential Faculty Fellow, and AAAS Fellow. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62194268 |
Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model In condensed matter physics and black hole physics, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model commonly known as SYK model is an exactly solvable model initially proposed by Subir Sachdev and his graduate student Jinwu Ye and later modified by Alexei Kitaev to the present commonly used form. The model is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62223541 |
Desnitro-imidacloprid is a metabolite of the insecticide imidacloprid, a very common insecticide and the most important member of the class of insecticides called neonicotinoids, the only significant new class of insecticides to be developed between 1970 and 2000. While imidacloprid has proved highly selective against ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62226149 |
Organic Reactions is a peer-reviewed book series that was established in 1942. It publishes detailed descriptions of useful organic reactions. Each article (called a chapter) is an invited review of the primary source material for the given reaction, and is written under tight editorial control, making it a secondary t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62229444 |
List of crimes involving a silicone mask Realistic silicone masks have been used in crimes throughout the world. In China, criminals can obtain silicone masks cheaply from the internet and have used them for criminal activities. Silicone masks have been used as a disguise to conceal identity to perpetrate crimes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62230071 |
C7H9N2O The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62237589 |
Methylnicotinamide may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62237624 |
Phosphinous acids are usually organophosphorus compounds with the formula RPOH. They are pyramidal in structure. Phosphorus is in the oxidation state III. Most phosphinous acids rapidly convert to the corresponding phosphine oxide, which are tetrahedral and are assigned oxidation state V. Phosphorous acid OP(OH)H is an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62252965 |
Hughes–Ingold symbol A describes various details of the reaction mechanism and overall result of a chemical reaction. For example, an S2 reaction is a substitution reaction ("S") by a nucleophilic process ("N") that is bimolecular ("2" molecular entities involved) in its rate-determining step. By contrast, an E2 reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62256831 |
Zinc azide (Zn(N)) is an inorganic compound composed of zinc and azide. It is a white, explosive solid. It is a coordination polymer, which crystallizes in three polymorphs, all of which feature tetrahedral Zinc centers and bridging azide ligands. They are prepared by the protonolysis of diethyl zinc with hydrazoic aci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62257007 |
Jack D. Keene (born June 22, 1947, Jacksonville, Florida) is a James B. Duke Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at Duke University. Keene studies the regulation of RNA and the mechanisms of RNA-protein interactions. He identified RNA recognition motif (RRM) proteins, which are the largest family of RNA-bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62262255 |
Jack D. Keene Lazzarini in the Laboratory for Molecular Genetics at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland from 1974-1978. In 1979, Keene was recruited by Wolfgang Joklik to the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Duke University Medical Center. At that time the department was ranked one of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62262255 |
Jack D. Keene RRM proteins are the largest family of RNA-binding proteins and the seventh largest protein family of the human genome. RRM is a prevalent RNA-binding fold involving proteins implicated in RNA biogenesis, processing, transport, and degradation. In 1987, Query and Keene first identified a B-cell epitope wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62262255 |
Jack D. Keene He also introduced the first use of the RIP (ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation) protocol, isolating specific mRNPs using immunoprecipitation, and identifying the mRNA component with microarray or deep sequencing. This method has become a tool for the mapping of mRNA targets of specific RBPs. In 2001-2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62262255 |
Pierre Sinaÿ Pierre Sinaÿ, born on April 11, 1938 in Aulnay-sous-Bois (Seine-et-Oise), is a French organic chemist. After studying at the École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques de Nancy from 1958 to 1961, he obtained a doctorate under the supervision of Professor Serge David in 1966 and continued for two y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62285853 |
Pierre Sinaÿ He synthesized the antigenic determinants of substances in human blood groups and then synthesized a complexly structured pentasaccharide representing the active site of heparin responsible for its antithrombotic effect. This last achievement demonstrates for the first time, without any ambiguity, the mole... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62285853 |
Nano-interfaces in bone bones are the skeleton of our bodies. They allow us the ability to move and lift our body up against gravity. bones are attachment points for muscles that help us to do many activities such as walking, jumping, kneeling, grasping, etc. Bones also protect organs from injury. Moreover, bone is res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62307595 |
Nano-interfaces in bone The nano-interface can sustain a ductility approaching 5000% and outstanding specific energy to failure that is several times larger than the most known tough natural materials such as spider silk. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62307595 |
S-Methylcysteine "S"-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CHSCHCH(NH)COH. It is the S-methylated derivative of cysteine. This amino acid occurs widely in plants, including many edible vegetables. The amino acid is not genetically coded, but it arises by post-translational methylation of cysteine. O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62309271 |
James L. Skinner (born August 17, 1953) is an American theoretical chemist. He is the Joseph O. and Elizabeth S. Hirschfelder Professor Emeritus at the University Wisconsin-Madison. He is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Welch Foundation. Most recently, Skinner was the Crown Family Professor of Mol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62324970 |
James L. Skinner In 1990 Skinner was appointed as the Director of the Theoretical Chemistry Institute and became the Joseph O. and Elizabeth S. Hirschfelder Professor of Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. From 2004 to 2007 Skinner served as the chair of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62324970 |
James L. Skinner From 2000 to 2003 Skinner was a Vice-Chair and then Chair of the Gordon Conference on Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy. In 2007 he was a member of the Committee of Visitors of the NSF Chemistry Division. From 2007 to 2010 Skinner was a member-at-large of the Chemical Physics Division of the American P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62324970 |
James L. Skinner Since 2015 Skinner served as a Deputy Editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics, retiring from his editorial service in 2019. Throughout his career Skinner has received numerous awards including the ACS Irving Langmuir Award in Chemical Physics (2012), ACS Division of Physical Chemistry Award in Theore... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62324970 |
Nikolai Ivanovich Ivanov (entrepreneur) Nikolai Ivanovich Ivanov (; April 8, 1836 – February 13, 1906) was a Russian businessman operating out of Tashkent, Russian Turkestan. He was known as the largest and most successful entrepreneur and commerce advisor in Tashkent, owning multiple distilleries and breweries in Tash... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62331996 |
Nikolai Ivanovich Ivanov (entrepreneur) 4 thousand kilometers long), the only transport station connecting Turkestan with the Russian heartland. Ivanov was known as the largest producer of high-quality vodka in Turkestan. His factories carried out full production cycles. In 1882, Ivanov was approached by German chemist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62331996 |
Nikolai Ivanovich Ivanov (entrepreneur) He had 3 sons - Ivan, Vasily, and Alexander, as well as a daughter, Olga Nikolaevna Ivanova. These children were the owners of the firm "Heirs of Commerce Advisor N. I. Ivanov", having inherited their father's enterprises. Olga (later married to Orenburg merchant Nikifor Prokofie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62331996 |
Paul Dauenhauer (born 1980), a chemical engineer, is the Lanny Schmidt Honorary Professor at the University of Minnesota (UMN). He is recognized for his research in catalysis science and engineering, especiall, his contributions to the understanding of the catalytic breakdown of cellulose to renewable chemicals, the in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62335808 |
Paul Dauenhauer During this time, he co-founded or contributed to the founding of startup companies Activated Research Company, Sironix Renewables, and enVerde, LLC. Dauenhauer's focus on renewable chemicals produced from glucose has targeted both drop-in replacement chemicals and new chemicals with novel characteristi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62335808 |
Paul Dauenhauer Key publications include: Dauenhauer's study of cellulose in 2008 led to the discovery of an intermediate liquid state of short-chain cellulose oligomers of sub-second duration at temperatures around 500 deg C. He further outlined the challenges in understanding high temperature cellulose chemistry by p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62335808 |
Paul Dauenhauer In his initial discovery of the behavior of oscillating chemical reactions on metal surfaces, Dauenhauer showed that steady state reaction rates could achieve chemical reaction speeds as much as 1000 times greater than previously achievable rates, even with optimized catalytic systems. This work broke d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62335808 |
Ove Christiansen (born November 13, 1969 in Holstebro, Denmark) is professor of chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University (AU), Denmark. He is contributor to the DALTON program package and initiated the MidasCpp (Molecular Interactions Dynamics and Simulations in C++) program for the accurate descript... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62343336 |
Ove Christiansen In 2002 he returned to Aarhus University as Associate Professor, became Professor MSO (Professor with special obligations) in 2013 and was promoted to a full Professor in 2018. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62343336 |
Uri Banin (Hebrew: אורי בנין) is an Israeli chemist and a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, currently holding the Alfred & Erica Larisch Memorial Chair at the Institute of Chemistry. He is recognized as one of the pioneers of nanoscience in Israel. Banin is an associate editor of Nano Letters. Banin serv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62357093 |
Uri Banin His later work has diverged in the directions of both synthesis of novel semiconductor-based nanomaterials, the physical characterization of such nanostructures, as well as various applications. In 2003 his group has reported the first successful growth of colloidal zinc-blende lattice III-V semiconductor nan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62357093 |
Uri Banin One of the most recognized contribution of Banin to the field of colloidal nanostrucutres is the first demonstration of selective metal growth on semiconductor nanocrystals, resembling well-known bulk systems such as the Schottky diode, and the subsequent refinement of related synthesis procedures and the dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62357093 |
Uri Banin In 2019 Nanosys signed an exclusive agreement on quantum dot patents developed in Banin's lab and held by Yissum. Banin has been an associate editor of the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters since 2013. As of 2019, Banin has authored more than 350 papers that have been cited more that 23,500 times... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62357093 |
Solvent vapour annealing (SVA) is a widely used technique for controlling the morphology and ordering of block copolymer (BCP) films. By controlling the block ratio ("f" = "N"/"N"), spheres, cylinders, gyroids and lamellae structures can be readily generated by swelling of the BCP thin film using solvent vapor to facil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62377568 |
Induced cell cycle arrest is the use of a chemicals or genetic manipulation to artificially halt progression through the cell cycle. Cellular processes like genome duplication and cell division stop. It can be temporary or permanent. It is an artificial activation of naturally occurring cell cycle checkpoints, induced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest Another reason synchrony is important is the control for amount of DNA content, which varies at different parts of the cell cycle based on whether DNA replication has occurred since the last round of completed mitosis and cytokinesis. Furthermore, synchronization of large numbers of cells into... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) and pyrophosphate. Contact inhibition is a method of arresting cells when neighboring cells come into contact with each other. It results in a single layer of arrested cells of arrested cells, and is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest When grown in a media without some essential amino acids, such as methionine, some cells arrest in early G phase. S phase follows G phase via the G/S transition and precedes G phase in interphase and is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated. Since accurate duplication of the ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest [[G2 phase|G phase]] is the final part of interphase and directly precedes mitosis. It will only be entered in regular cells if the DNA replication in S phase is completed successfully. It is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest It is composed of four phases - [[prophase]], [[metaphase]], [[anaphase]], and [[telophase]] - and involves the condensation of the [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] in the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]], the dissolution of the [[nuclear envelope]], and the separation of [[sister chromatids]] by [[spindle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest From microscopy it has been determined they do enter mitosis but they cannot form the spindles necessary for metaphase because the microtubules cannot polymerize. Research into the mechanism has hinted at it potentially preventing tubulin from forming its alpha/beta heterodimer. [[Paclitaxel|T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Induced cell cycle arrest [[Staining]] with DNA dyes [[propidium iodide]] or [[4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole|4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole]] (DAPI) allows delineation or sorting of cells between G S, or G/M phases. [[Immunoblotting]] is the detection of specific proteins in a tissue sample or extract. Primary antibodi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62380746 |
Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards The (CRCE) is a British government environmental research site, run by Public Health England (PHE) in Chilton, Oxfordshire that monitors levels of toxic chemicals and background radiation in the British environment; it is largely a continuation of the former Nati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62383595 |
Marguerite S. Chang Marguerite Shue-wen Chang (張葉學文; June 21, 1923 – May 5, 2012) was a Chinese-born American research chemist and inventor, awarded the Federal Woman's Award in 1973 for her work in the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory, based in Maryland. Marguerite Shue-wen Ye was born in Nanjing in 1923. She e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62388669 |
Marguerite S. Chang was married to George K. Chang. The couple moved to the United States together in 1946, and had two sons while Marguerite Chang was a graduate student at Tulane University. The Changs decided to stay in the United States after 1949. died in 2012, aged 88 years, in Palo Alto, California. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62388669 |
Indentation size effect The indentation size effect (ISE) is the observation that hardness tends to increase as the indent size decreases at small scales. When an indent (any small mark, but usually made with a special tool) is created during material testing, the hardness of the material is not constant. At the small ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62389592 |
Indentation size effect For practical purposes this effect means that hardness in the low micro and nano regimes cannot be directly compared if measured using different loads. However, the benefit of this effect is that it can be used to measure the effects of strain gradients on plasticity. Several new plasticity mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62389592 |
Yangite (PbMnSiO•HO) is a chain-silicate mineral, first discovered within the Kombat mine in Namibia. The mineral is named after Hexiong Yang, a researcher within University of Arizona's Department of Geosciences. was approved as a valid mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association in 2012. was initia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62394509 |
Yangite The diffraction data was influenced by severe peak overlap, leading to uncertainty in the resulting index. Powder Diffraction Data: The chain silicate structure is formed by double wollastonite chains. These tetrahedral formations run parallel with the [010] axis and connect with Mn-polyhedra and Pb-polyhedra a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62394509 |
Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase CcrM is an orphan DNA methyltransferase, that is involved in controlling gene expression in most Alphaproteobacteria. This enzyme modifies DNA by catalyzing the transference of a methyl group from the S-adenosyl-L methionine substrate to the N6 position of an adenine base in the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62401003 |
Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase The stacked cell enters immediately in S-phase, while the swarmer cell stays in G1-phase and will differentiate to a stacked cell before entering the S-phase again. The stacked cell in S phase will replicate its DNA in a semiconservative manner producing two hemimethylated DNA dou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62401003 |
Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase "Alphaproteobacteria are organisms with different life stages from free living to substrate associated, some of them are intracellular pathogens of plants, animal and even human, in those groups the CcrMs must have an important role in cell cycle progression. CcrM miss regulation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62401003 |
Cell cycle regulated Methyltransferase CcrM in complex with a dsDNA structure was resolved, showing that the enzyme presents a novel DNA interaction mechanism, opening a bubble in the DNA recognition site (The concerted mechanism of Methyltransferases relies in the flip of the target base), the enzyme interacts with DN... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62401003 |
Jena glass (German: "Jenaer Glas") is a shock- and heat-resistant glass used in scientific and technological applications, especially in chemistry. The glass was invented by Otto Schott in 1884 in Jena, Germany, where he had established Schott AG with Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss. is a borosilicate which, in early manufac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62408275 |
Trivalent group 14 radicals A trivalent group 14 radical (also known as a "trivalent tetrel radical") is a molecule that contains a group 14 element (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) with three bonds and a free radical, having the general formula of RE•. Such compounds can be categorized into three different types, depending on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62409950 |
Trivalent group 14 radicals Such developments have only been made in recent years because these compounds tend to be highly reactive (with respect to reactions such as dimerization and radical chain reactions). There have been two main approaches for stabilization. Firstly "electronic stabilization", the tetrel is conn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62409950 |
Trivalent group 14 radicals Information about the structure of these trivalent tetrels has been determined by mainly EPR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, however the geometry of transient small molecules has been determined via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, transient UV absorption spectroscopy, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62409950 |
Trivalent group 14 radicals If the spin occupation 100% in a p orbital, then the molecule will have a Type C planar structure. However, if there is 25% s orbital and 75% p orbital occupation, then the molecule will have a pyramidal Type A structure. Any intermediate value is possible and would correspond to a Type B st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62409950 |
Trivalent group 14 radicals The barrier for inversion has been calculated at the NL-SCF/TZ2P level to be increasing for EH• C, Si, Ge, Sn at 0.0, 3.7, 3.8, 7.0 kcal/mol (the barrier for inversion of methyl radical is zero as it is most stable in a planar Type C structure). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62409950 |
Herman T. Briscoe Herman Thompson Briscoe (November 6, 1893- October 8, 1960) was an American chemist and professor of chemistry. The Professorship in Chemistry at Indiana University was established in 1961, and the Quadrangle Dormitory was dedicated in 1966. was born on November 6, 1893, in Shoals, Indiana. Briscoe re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62411787 |
Herman T. Briscoe , was appointed assistant professor of chemistry at Indiana University, working his way to professor of chemistry in 1928. Throughout his career, Briscoe authored or coauthored 23 publications on conductivity, physical properties, and the reactions of organic and inorganic molecules, supervised the gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62411787 |
Sven Gustaf Hedin (1859–1933) was a Swedish chemist and physiologist credited with the discovery of histidine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62419778 |
Perturbed angular correlation The perturbed γ-γ angular correlation, PAC for short or PAC-Spectroscopy, is a method of nuclear solid-state physics with which magnetic and electric fields in crystal structures can be measured. In doing so, electrical field gradients and the Larmor frequency in magnetic fields as well as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation In the 1960s and 1970s, interest in PAC experiments sharply increased, focusing mainly on magnetic and electric fields in crystals into which the probe nuclei were introduced. In the mid-1960s, ion implantation was discovered, providing new opportunities for sample preparation. The rapid e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation 5 ns and is the sensitive state for the PAC. This state in turn decays into the 1/2+ ground state by emitting a γ-quantum with 245 keV. PAC now detects both γ-quanta and evaluates the first as a start signal, the second as a stop signal. Now one measures the time between start and stop for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation According to the number n of detectors, the number of individual spectra (z) results after z=n²-n, for n=4 therefore 12 and for n=6 thus 30. In order to obtain a PAC spectrum, the 90° and 180° single spectra are calculated in such a way that the exponential functions cancel each other out ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation With single crystals, depending on the orientation of the crystal to the detectors, certain transition frequencies can be reduced or extinct, as can be seen in the example of the PAC spectrum of zinc oxide (ZnO). In the typical PAC spectrometer, a setup of four 90° and 180° planar arrayed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation In the case of probes with complex cascades, this makes it makes it possible to perform a data optimization or to evaluate several cascades in parallel, as well as measuríng different probes simultaneously. The resulting data volumes can be between 60 and 300 GB per measurement. As materia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Nano-materials have a crystalline core and a shell that has a rather amorphous structure. This is called core-shell model. The smaller the nanoparticle becomes, the larger the volume fraction of this amorphous portion becomes. In PAC measurements, this is shown by the decrease of the cryst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation If, on the other hand, radiation defects in the crystal and their healing are to be examined, unperseived samples are measured, which are then annealed step by step. The implantation is usually the method of choice, because it can be used to produce very well-defined samples. In a vacuum, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation This method is particularly well suited if, for example, the PAC probe diffuses only poorly in the material and a higher concentration in grain boundaries is to be expected. Since only very small samples are necessary with PAC (about 5 mm), micro-reactors can be used. Ideally, the probe is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Radioactive ion beams are produced at the ISOLDE by bombarding protons from the booster onto target materials (uranium carbide, liquid tin, etc.) and evaporating the spallation products at high temperatures (up to 2000 °C), then ionizing them and then accelerating them. With the subsequent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation The radioactive nucleus is built into the sample material and emits two formula_3-quanta upon decay. During the lifetime of the intermediate state, i.e. the time between formula_10 and formula_8, the core experiences a disturbance due to the hyperfine interaction through its electrical and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation With formula_38 follows: From the general theory we get: For the magnetic interaction follows: The energy of the hyperfine electrical interaction between the charge distribution of the core and the extranuclear static electric field can be extended to multipoles. The monopole term only cau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation The nuclear quadrupole moment formula_67 is often determined only very inaccurately (often only with 2-3 digits). Because formula_64 can be determined much more accurately than formula_67, it is not useful to specify only formula_32 because of the error propagation. In addition, formula_64... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation If there is a magnetic and electrical interaction at the same time on the radioactive nucleus as described above, combined interactions result. This leads to the splitting of the respectively observed frequencies. The analysis may not be trivial due to the higher number of frequencies that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Likewise, the high-energy transition process may cause the Auger effect, that can bring the core into higher ionization states. The normalization of the state of charge then depends on the conductivity of the material. In metals, the process takes place very quickly. This takes considerabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag FAST ("Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag") is a small, genetically-encoded, protein tag which allows for fluorescence reporting of proteins of interest. Unlike natural fluorescent proteins and derivates such as GFP or mCherry, FAST is not fluorescent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62423839 |
Fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag Such chemical-genetic approach was already implemented besides natural fluorescent proteins such as GFP or their derivatives such as mCherry in several systems already widely used: Several versions of FAST have been described differing by a small number of mutations, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62423839 |
Sandrine Heutz is a Professor of Functional Molecular Materials at Imperial College London. She works on organic and magnetically coupled molecular materials for spintronic applications. In 2008 Heutz was awarded the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Silver Medal. Heutz studied chemistry at the University of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62431193 |
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