text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
SiC–SiC matrix composite SiC–SiC composites have a relatively high thermal conductivity and can operate at very high temperatures due to their inherently high creep and oxidation resistance. Residual porosity and stoichiometry of the material can vary its thermal conductivity, with increasing porosity leading to lower ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39516879 |
SiC–SiC matrix composite The use of SiC/SiC CMCs on rotating engine components reduce the complexity of design and engine structure weight, providing improved performance and fuel emissions. The implementation of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix components will improve aircraft and space vehicle performance and fuel efficiency, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39516879 |
William Klyne William "Bill" Klyne (March 23, 1913, in Enfield, Middlesex – November 13, 1977) was an organic chemist known for his work in steroids and stereochemistry — a field in which he was a "pioneer", and in which Ernest Eliel and Norman Allinger described him as "one of the world's experts". Klyne taught at Wes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39520456 |
A. A. Griffith Medal and Prize The is awarded annually by the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining in commemoration of Alan Arnold Griffith. The award was established by the Materials Science Club of Great Britain in 1965, two years after its formation in 1963. Modern materials science as an integrated disciplin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39520773 |
Polycarbonyl Polycarbonyl, (also known as polymeric-CO, p-CO or poly-CO) is a solid metastable and explosive polymer of carbon monoxide. The polymer is produced by exposing carbon monoxide to high pressures. The structure of the solid appears amorphous, but may include a zig zag of equally spaced CO groups. Poly-CO can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39528525 |
Polycarbonyl 65 gcm, however most of the solid produced is porous, so the true density is likely to be higher. Infrared spectroscopy shows bands at 650, 1210, 1440, 1650 and 1760 cm. The 1760 band is likely to be due to the -C-(C=O)-C- structure. The 1600 is due to vibration of a C=C double bond. The solid is electrica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39528525 |
2-Pyridone (data page) This page provides supplementary chemical data on 2-pyridone. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDOD): /ρ = 8.07 (dd,J = 2.5 Hz,J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, C-6), 7.98 (dd,J = 4.0 Hz,J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, C-3), 7.23 (dd,J = 2.5 Hz,J = 2.0 Hz, 1H, C-5), 7.21 (dd,J = 4.0 Hz,J = 1.0 Hz, 1H, C-4). (MeOH):ν (lg ε) = 226.2 (0.44), 297.6 (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39528627 |
EcoLon Ecolon may refer either to recycled (ecologically-friendly nylon) mineral-glass reinforced Nylon 6 (Perlon) engineering resins, or to a ceramic filled fused silica coating commonly used in cookware (Ecolon). Ecolon cookware coatings are touted as highly resistant to scratches caused by utensils, metallic cleanin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39529197 |
Biochemical Predestination is a 1969 book by Dean H. Kenyon and Gary Steinman which argued in support of biochemical evolution. In the book, Kenyon and Steinman conclude that "Life might have been biochemically predestined by the properties of attraction that exist between its chemical parts, especially between amino a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39530033 |
Biochemical Predestination The theory propounded was summarized by Stephen Berry, a chemist; "describing the following causal chain: the properties of the chemical elements dictate the types of monomers that can be formed in prebiotic syntheses, which then dictate the properties of the occurring polymers, which finally... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39530033 |
Biochemical Predestination Though the book doesn’t deal with the subject of the origin of life per se, it had the effect of suggesting that it is possible to have a rational alternative explanation of the past." In 1976 he wrote a new section for Morris and Whitcomb's "". In the 1982 foreword he wrote to "What Is Creat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39530033 |
European green infrastructure The is an important part of the new (post-2010) EU strategy for biodiversity and biodiversity policy. It is one of the main tools to tackle threats on biodiversity resulting from habitat fragmentation, land use change and loss of habitats. Green Infrastructure will play a decisive role in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39533411 |
Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE), also known as carrier-free electrophoresis, is a matrix-free electrophoretic separation technique. FFE is an analogous technique to capillary electrophoresis, with a comparable resolution, that can used for scientific questions, where semi-preparative and preparative amounts of samples ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39537386 |
Free-flow electrophoresis As flow cytometry became the standard method for cell sorting, FFE developments focused on the separation of proteins and charged particles. Some groups are also working on miniaturized versions of FFE systems or micro FFEs. The separation chamber consists of a backplate and a front plate. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39537386 |
Free-flow electrophoresis At the end of the separation cell, the separated sample is split up at the fractionation tubes and collected in microtiter plates. Afterwards the samples can be characterized by all major techniques like HPLC, LC-MS, mass spectrometry (ESI / MALDI, depending on the protocol used) or electropho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39537386 |
Sophorolipid A sophorolipid is a surface-active glycolipid compound that can be synthesized by a selected number of non-pathogenic yeast species.<ref </ref> They are potential bio-surfactants due to their biodegradability and low eco-toxicity. Sophorolipids are glycolipids consist of a hydrophobic fatty acid tail of 16... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39564606 |
Sophorolipid Recent research has meant sophorolipids can be recovered during a fermentation using a gravity separator in a loop with the bioreactor, enabling the production of >770 g/l sophorolipid at a productivity 4.24 g/l/h, some of the highest values seen in a fermentation process Desirable properties of biosurfact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39564606 |
Sophorolipid This work also discusses potential application of sophorolipids (and their derivatives) as well as the potential for genetic engineering strains to enhance sophorolipid yields. Researchers have focused on optimization of sophorolipid production in submerged fermentation, but some efforts have also investig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39564606 |
Alizarine yellow may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39568548 |
Oxygen compatibility is the issue of compatibility of materials for service in high concentrations of oxygen. It is a critical issue in space, aircraft, medical, underwater diving and industrial applications. Aspects include effects of increased oxygen concentration on the ignition and burning of materials and componen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
Oxygen compatibility Materials are easier to ignite and burn more readily as oxygen pressure or concentration increase. so operating oxygen systems at the lowest practicable pressure and concentration may be enough to avoid ignition and burning. Use of materials which are inherently more difficult to ignite or are resi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
Oxygen compatibility Oxygen cleaning is preparation for oxygen service by ensuring that the surfaces that may come into contact with high partial pressures of oxygen while in use are free of contaminants that increase the risk of ignition. Oxygen cleaning is a necessary, but not always a sufficient condition for high p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
Oxygen compatibility Oxygen cleaning may be required for concentrations as low as 23% Cleaning agents used range from heavy-duty industrial solvents and detergents such as liquid freon, trichlorethylene and anhydrous trisodium phosphate, followed by rinsing in deionised water. These materials are now generally deprecat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
Oxygen compatibility Design for oxygen service includes several aspects: As a general rule, oxygen compatibility is associated with a high ignition temperature, and a low rate of reaction once ignited. Organic materials generally have lower ignition temperatures than metals considered suitable for oxygen service. There... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
Oxygen compatibility They are also available in free-cutting, castable or highly ductile alloys, and are reasonably strong, so are useful for a wide range of components for oxygen service. Aluminium alloys have a relatively low ignition temperature, and release a large amount of heat during combustion and are not consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39574992 |
C5H8N2O3 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 144.130 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39575959 |
Graphite-like ZnO nanostructures Most of the synthesized Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures in different geometric configurations such as nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts and nanosheets are usually in the wurtzite crystal structure. However, it was found from density functional theory calculations that for ultra-thin films ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39586666 |
Graphite-like ZnO nanostructures In addition, density functional theory calculations and experimental observations also indicate that the concentration of the V is the highest near the surfaces as compared to the inner parts of the nanostructures. This is due to the lower V defect formation energies in the interior of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39586666 |
Mary Elvira Weeks (April 10, 1892, Lyons, Wisconsin– June 20, 1975, Detroit, Michigan) was an American chemist and historian of science. Weeks was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in chemistry and the first woman to be a faculty member at the University of Kansas. Her book "Discovery of the Elements" is considered th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39587373 |
Mary Elvira Weeks Her research tended to be in the areas of physical and analytic chemistry. While in Kansas, she began researching and writing about the history of chemistry, and published "Discovery of the Elements" (1933). In 1944, Weeks left Kansas to become a research librarian at the Kresge-Hooker Science Library... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39587373 |
Mary Elvira Weeks By 1968, "Discovery of the Elements" had appeared in seven editions, and had been updated to include the 94 elements that were discovered between 1524 and 1964. Editions included a wartime release in limited numbers due to restrictions on use of paper. The book had been translated into multiple langua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39587373 |
Alkaline water electrolysis has a long history in the chemical industry. It is a type of electrolyzer that is characterized by having two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). These electrodes are separated by a diaphragm, separating the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39592391 |
Alkaline water electrolysis The diaphragm further avoids the mixing of the produced hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode and anode, respectively. Typically, Nickel based metals are used as the electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis. Considering pure metals, Ni is the most active non-noble metal. The high price of goo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39592391 |
Spherical surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor Spherical surface acoustic wave sensors use a type of surface acoustic wave (SAW) that travels along the surface of a medium exhibiting elasticity with exponentially decaying amplitude along depth. MEMS-IDT technology allows the use of SAW waves to sense various gases. Sensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39594285 |
C9H9NO4 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39608703 |
Hafnium tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula HfF. It is a white solid. It adopts the same structure as zirconium tetrafluoride, with 8-coordinate Hf(IV) centers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39612594 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots The behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in solution and their interaction with other surfaces is of great importance to biological and industrial applications, such as optical displays, animal tagging, anti-counterfeiting dyes and paints, chemical sensing, and fluorescent tagging. Howe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots CdSe QDs have been shown to possess optical properties superior to organic dyes. The ZnS shell has a two-fold effect: Despite their potential for use as contrast agents for medical imaging techniques, their use in vivo is hindered by the cytotoxicity of Cadmium. To address this is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots At the appropriate Krafft temperature and critical micelle concentration these molecules will form individual tear-drop loops, where the hydrophobic ends are attracted to one another, to other molecules, and also to the similarly hydrophobic QDs. This forms a loaded micelle with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots After initial encapsulation the remaining molecules form connections between the individual micelles to form a network within the aqueous media called a hydrogel, creating a diffuse and relatively constant concentration of the encapsulated particle within the gel. The formation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots The length of the polymer is controlled by two factors: Increasing the PEG length increases the solubility of the polymer. However, if the PEG chain is too long the micelle will become unstable. It has been observed that a stable hydrogel can only be formed with PEG backbones weig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots These values can give us information on the degree of entanglement (or degree of cross linking, depending on what polymer is being considered). In general, higher degrees of entanglement leads to higher time required for the polymer to return to the undeformed state or relaxation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39619984 |
Surface chemistry of paper The surface chemistry of paper is responsible for many important paper properties, such as gloss, waterproofing, and printability. Many components are used in the paper-making process that affect the surface. Coating components are subject to particle-particle, particle-solvent, and particle-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39620647 |
Surface chemistry of paper The hydrocarbon plasma coating provides an oleophilic surface to the paper by lowering the contact angle of the paper with the oil in the ink. The hydrocarbon plasma coating increases the non-polar interactions while decreasing polar interactions which allow paper to absorb ink while preventi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39620647 |
Surface chemistry of paper Surface free energy has also shown to be very valuable in explaining the differences in sample behavior. Various composite coatings were analyzed on filter paper in an experiment done by Wang et al. The ability to separate homogenous liquid solutions based on varying surface tensions has grea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39620647 |
Deep Carbon Observatory The (DCO) is a global research program designed to transform understanding of carbon's role in Earth. DCO is a community of scientists, including biologists, physicists, geoscientists and chemists, whose work crosses several traditional disciplinary lines to develop the new, integrative field of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory Hazen and Ausubel, along with input from over 100 scientists invited to participate in the Deep Carbon Cycle Workshop in 2008, expanded their original idea. No longer focused solely on the origin of life on Earth, the group instead clarified their position to further human understanding of Earth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory In addition DCO research on primitive chondritic meteorites indicates that Earth is relatively depleted in highly volatile elements compared to chondrites, though DCO's research is further examining whether large reservoirs of carbon may be hidden in the mantle and core. Members of the Reservoir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory Members of the Deep Life Community are conducting research as a part of the Census of Deep Life, which seeks to identify the diversity and distribution of microbial life in continental and marine deep subsurface environments and to explore mechanisms that govern microbial evolution and dispersal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory Another research activity of Deep Energy is to quantify the mechanisms and rates of fluid-rock interactions that produce abiotic hydrogen and organic compounds as a function of temperature, pressure, fluid and solid compositions. As a result of a series of workshops, the DCO initiated an additio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory Research highlights to date include: "Carbon in Earth" is Volume 75 of "Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry" ("RiMG"). It was released as an open access publication on March 11, 2013. Each chapter of "Carbon in Earth" synthesizes what is known about deep carbon, and also outlines unanswered q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
Deep Carbon Observatory The Data Science Team handles the data science and data management needs for each DCO program and for the DCO as a whole, using a combination of informatics methods, use case development, requirements analysis, inventories and interviews. A list of some of the scientists involved in the Deep Car... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39621288 |
C26H38O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39630333 |
C23H34O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39630350 |
C25H38O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39630505 |
Indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and titrate viruses that do not cause measurable cytopathic effects and cannot be measured by classical plaque assays. These viruses include human coronavirus 229E and OC43. Susceptible cells are inoculated with serial logarithmic dilutions ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39630507 |
C25H36O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39630660 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles The empirical definition of self-assembly is typically given as a phenomenon where the components of a system assemble themselves to form a larger functional unit. This spontaneous organization can be due to direct specific interaction, collective effects, and/or occur indirectly through ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles In chemical solutions, self-assembly is an outcome of random motion of molecules and the affinity of their binding sites for one another. In the area of nanotechnology, developing a simple, efficient method to organize molecules and molecular clusters into precise, pre-determined structur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles Importance Self assembly of nanomaterials is currently considered broadly for nano-structuring and nano-fabrication because of its simplicity, versatility and spontaneity. Exploiting the properties of the nano assembly holds promise as a low-cost and high-yield technique for a wide range ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles Generally,the maximum resolution of the top-down products is much coarser than those of bottom-up; therefore, an accessible strategy to bridge “bottom-up” and “top-down,” is realizable by the principles of self-assembly [23]. By controlling local intermolecular forces to find the lowest-e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles Structural motifs in these systems include colloids, small crystals, and aggregates on the order of 1-100 nm. By function: Nanostructured materials can also be classed according to their functions, for example nanoelectronics and information technology (IT). Lateral dimensions used in inf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles In addition, the flexibility and the lower free energy conformation is usually a result of a weaker intermolecular force between self-assembled moieties and is essentially enthalpic in nature. The thermodynamics of the self-assembly process can be represented by a simple Gibbs free energy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles The necessity of the self-assembly to be an equilibrium process is defined by the organization of the structure which requires non-ideal arrangements to be formed before the lowest energy configuration is found. Kinetics The ultimate driving force in self-assembly is energy minimization a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles In order for a self-assembling system to reach the minimum free energy configuration, there has to be enough thermal energy to allow the mass transport of the self-assembling molecules. For defect formation, the free energy of single defect formation is given by: The enthalpy term, formul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles The activation energy for defect formation increases this equilibrium defect density. Intermolecular forces govern the particle interaction in self-assembled systems. The forces tend to be intermolecular in type rather than ionic or covalent because ionic or covalent bonds will “lock” the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles For instance, DNA oligomers have been a key ligand for nanoparticle building blocks to be self-assembling via sequence-based specific organization. However, to deliver precise and scalable (programmable) assembly for a desired structure, a careful positioning of ligand molecules onto the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles While these aggregations are based on intermolecular forces, external factors such as temperature and pH also play a role in spontaneous self-assembly. As nanoparticle interactions take place on a nanoscale, the particle interactions must be scaled similarly. Hamaker interactions take int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles At more modest field strengths, ordered crystal structures are established due to the induced dipole interactions. Electric and magnetic field direction requires a constant balance between thermal energy and interaction energies. Common ways of incorporating nanoparticle self-assembly wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles The most effective self-assembly director is a combination of fields. If the fields and conditions are optimized, self-assembly can be permanent and complete. When a field combination is used with nanoparticles that are tailored to be intrinsically responsive, the most complete assembly i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles By incorporating active sites to the surfaces of nanotubes and polymers, the functionalization of these templates can be transformed to favor self-assembly of specified nanoparticles. Pickering and Ramsden explained the idea of pickering emulsions when experimenting with paraffin-water em... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles The decrease in total free energy for microscopic particles is much larger than that of thermal energy; this results in an effective confinement of large colloids to the interface. They are irreversibly bound to the interface. Nanoscopic particles are restricted to the interface by an ene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles When the contact angle is greater than or less than this point, the desorption energy gradually decreases; thus, the stability of the emulsion decreases as well. Material that consists with nano-particles is called "nanostructured material". The phase of "nanostructured material" implies ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Self-assembly of nanoparticles This molecular architecture of the covalent bond enhancement, is what causes block copolymers to spontaneously form nanoscale patterns. These copolymers offer the ability to self-assemble into uniform, nanosized micelles and accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39631094 |
Excimer lamp An excimer lamp (or excilamp) is a source of ultraviolet light produced by spontaneous emission of excimer (exciplex) molecules. Excimer lamps are quasimonochromatic light sources operating over a wide range of wavelengths in the ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral regions. Operation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp Rare gas-halide trimers, metal excimers, metal-rare gas excimers, metal-halide excimers, and rare gas-oxide excimers are also known, but they are rarely used. An excimer molecule can exist in an excited electronic state for a limited time, as a rule from a few to a few tens of nanoseconds. After that, an e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp They rapidly decompose typically within a few nanoseconds, releasing their excitation energy in the form of a UV photon: emission of an excimer molecule: emission of an exciplex molecule: where "Rg*" is an excimer molecule, "RgX*" is an exciplex molecule, "Rg" is an atom of rare gas, and "X" is an atom of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp Analyzing this three-body reaction, one can see that the efficiency of the production of excimer molecules is proportional to the concentration of excited rare gas atoms and the square of the concentration of rare gas atoms in the ground state. From this point of view, the concentration of rare gas in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp The formation of a negative halogen ion results from the interaction of a low-energy electron with a halogen molecule in a so-called process of the dissociative electron attachment: where "X" is a halogen atom. The pressure of a gaseous mixture is of great importance for efficient production of exciplex mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp Due to this, a low-pressure excimer lamp ensures the maximum efficiency in converting the pumping energy to UV radiation. It should be mentioned that both the harpoon reaction and reaction of ion-ion recombination proceed simultaneously. The dominance of the first or second reaction is mainly determined by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp It opens up alternative mechanisms for the formation of exciplex molecules, namely substitution reactions: where "AX" is an alkali halide molecule, "A" is an alkali metal atom, and "A" is an alkali metal ion. These mechanisms of the formation of exciplex molecules are fundamentally different from the react... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp One of the widely used ways to excite emission of excimer molecules is an electric discharge. There are a lot of discharge types used for pumping excimer lamps (some of them are a glow discharge, pulsed discharge, capacitive discharge, longitudinal and transverse discharges, volume discharge, spark dischar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp , drying up adhesive or printing-inks, photolithography, UV induced growth of dielectrics, UV induced surface modification, and cleaning or material deposition. Incoherent sources of UV radiation have some advantages over laser sources because of their lower cost, a huge area of irradiation, and ease of us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp Their unique narrow-band emission characteristics, high quantum efficiency, and high-energy photons make them suitable for applications such as absorption spectroscopy, UV curing, UV coating, sterilization, ozone generation, destruction of gaseous organic waste, photo-etching and photo-deposition and more ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Excimer lamp Photo-etching of polymers is possible using different wavelengths: 172 nm by xenon excimer, 222 nm by krypton chloride, and 308 nm by xenon chloride. Excimer UV sources can be used for microstructuring large-area polymer surfaces. XeCl-excimer lamps (308 nm) are especially suitable to get tan. Fluorescence... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39632612 |
Surface chemistry of neural implants As with any material implanted in the body, it is important to minimize or eliminate foreign body response and maximize effectual integration. Neural implants have the potential to increase the quality of life for patients with such disabilities as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39636406 |
Surface chemistry of neural implants The encapsulation causes decreased efficiency, performance, and durability. Electrical impedance is the opposition to current flow with an applied voltage, usually represented as "Z" in units of ohms (Ω). The impedance of an electrode is especially important as it is directly relate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39636406 |
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel. A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation. A ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels In addition, both natural polymers such as proteins or synthetic polymers with a high affinity for water may be used as starting materials when selecting a hydrogel. Different crosslinking methods can be implemented for the design of a hydrogel. By definition, a crosslinked polymer gel is a macro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels The hydrophobic effects combined with the hydrophilic effects within the hydrogel structure can be balanced through dangling side chains that mediates the hydrogen bonding that occurs between two separate hydrogel pieces or across a ruptured hydrogel. A dangling side chain is a hydrocarbon chain ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels However, when a side chain length is too long, the interruption between the interaction of the carboxyl and amide groups that help to mediate the hydrogen bonds. It can also accumulate and collapse the hydrogel and prevent the healing from occurring. Most self-healing hydrogels rely on electrosta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels By increasing the salinity of the solution, the micelles were able to grow and encompass more hydrophobes. If there are more hydrophobes in a micelle, then the solubility of the hydrophobe increases. The increase in the solubility lead to an increase in the formation of hydrogels with large hydro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels A higher surface tension stabilizes the flat surface of the hydrogel, which is the outer-most layer. The swelling ratio of the flat layer can be calculated using the following equation derived from the Flory–Huggins theory of free surface energy in hydrogels: Where λ is the swelling ratio, μ is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels Due to the polymeric domains created by crosslinking, in the gel microstructure, hydrogels are not homogenous within the solvent system in which they are placed into. Swelling of the network, however, does occur in the presence of a proper solvent. Voids in the microstructure of the gel where cro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels Additionally, polymer scaffolds using self-healing hydrogels are structurally similar to the extracellular matrices of many of the tissues. Scaffolds act as three-dimensional artificial templates in which the tissue targeted for reconstruction is cultured to grow onto. The high porosity of hydrog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels By adapting the hydrogel to closely resemble brain tissue and injecting it into the injured areas of the brain, the researchers’ studies have shown improved mobility and cognition after only a week of treatment. If trials continued to prove successful, this peptide hydrogel may be approved for hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels Biological Hydrogels: Biological hydrogels are derived from preexisting components of body tissues such as collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), or fibrin. Collagen, HA, and fibrin are components that occur naturally in the extracellular matrix of mammals. Collagen is the main structural component in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels Because the growth of the extracellular matrix scaffold is pH dependent, the materials selected must be factored for pH response when selecting the scaffolding material. The swelling and bioadhesion of hydrogels can be controlled based on the fluid environment they are introduced to in the body. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels These H ions raise the pH of the surrounding environment and could therefore cause a change in a smart hydrogel that would initiate the release of insulin. Although research is currently focusing on the bioengineering aspect of self-healing hydrogels, several non-medical applications do exist, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Self-healing hydrogels No commercial applications currently exist for implementation of this technology. Drying of hydrogels under controlled circumstances may yield xerogels and aerogels. A xerogel is a solid that retains significant porosity (15-50%) with a very small pore size (1–10 nm). In an aerogel, the porosity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39638268 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.