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John G. Anderson (born 1948) is an American seismologist and Professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. Anderson specializes in studies of strong ground motion and seismic hazards. He was Director of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory from 1998-2009. He has published more than 150 articles and more than 90 abstracts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1611373 |
Gimenez stain The Gimenez staining technique uses biological stains to detect and identify bacterial infections in tissue samples. Although largely superseded by techniques like Giemsa staining, the Gimenez technique may be valuable for detecting certain slow-growing or fastidious bacteria. Basic fuchsin stain in aqueo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1611956 |
Index of genetics articles Genetics (from Ancient Greek ', “genite” and that from ', “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to genetics include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1612722 |
Marek Huberath Marek S. Huberath (pen name, born 1954) is a Polish professor of physics in the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and an award-winning science fiction and fantasy writer. His themes are philosophical, moral, and religious: how people become beasts or remain human in extreme circumstances. Many of his sto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1614365 |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use The (ICH) is an initiative that brings together regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industry to discuss scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceutical product development and registration. The mission of the IC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616138 |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH had the initial objective of coordinating the regulatory activities of the European, Japanese and United States regulatory bodies in consultation with the pharmaceutical trade associations from these regions, to disc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616138 |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Member representatives appointed to the Assembly are supported by ICH Coordinators who represent each Member to the ICH Secretariat on a daily basis. The ICH Management Committee (MC) is the body that oversees operationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616138 |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use The development of a new harmonised guideline and its implementation (the formal ICH procedure) involves 5 steps: The WG works to prepare a consensus draft of the Technical Document, based on the objectives set out in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616138 |
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Information on the regulatory action taken and implementation dates are reported back to the Assembly and published by the ICH Secretariat on the ICH website. The ICH topics are divided into four categories and ICH topic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616138 |
Coefficient of haze The coefficient of haze (also known as smoke shade) is a measurement of visibility interference in the atmosphere. One way to measure this is to draw about 1000 cubic feet of air sample through an air filter and obtain the radiation intensity through the filter. The coefficient is then calculated ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1616977 |
Horațiu Năstase Horaţiu Năstase is a Romanian physicist and professor in the String Theory group at Instituto de Física Teórica of the Universidade Estadual Paulista in São Paulo, Brazil. He was born in Bucharest, Romania, and finished high school at Nicolae Bălcescu High School (now Saint Sava National College). He di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1617963 |
Wilting is the loss of of non-woody parts of plants. This occurs when the turgor pressure in non-lignified plant cells falls towards zero, as a result of diminished water in the cells. also serves to reduce water loss, as it makes the leaves expose less surface area. The rate of loss of water from the plant is greater ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1618993 |
Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch The United States (MMAB) is part of the Environmental Modeling Center, which is responsible for the development of improved numerical weather and marine prediction modeling systems within NCEP/NWS. It provides analysis and real-time forecast guidance (1–16 days) on marine meteorologi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1619885 |
National Centers for Environmental Prediction The United States (NCEP) delivers national and global weather, water, climate and space weather guidance, forecasts, warnings and analyses to its Partners and External User Communities. These products and services are based on a service-science legacy and respond to user ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1619931 |
Accessory cloud An accessory cloud is a cloud which is dependent on a larger cloud system for its development and continuance. It is often an appendage but also can be adjacent to the parent cloud system. The arcus and roll clouds, shelf cloud, wall cloud, and scud are examples of low level or vertical accessory clouds... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1621815 |
Dry punch A dry punch is meteorological slang for a synoptic scale or mesoscale process. A dry punch at the surface results in a dry line bulge. A dry punch aloft above an area of warm, moist (buoyant) air at low levels often increases the potential for severe thunderstorms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1621894 |
Bulk Richardson number The Bulk Richardson Number (BRN) is an approximation of the Gradient Richardson number. The BRN is a dimensionless ratio in meteorology related to the consumption of turbulence divided by the shear production (the generation of turbulence kinetic energy caused by wind shear) of turbulence. It is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1621913 |
Bulk Richardson number The thicker the layer is the more likely we are to average out large gradients that occur within small sub-regions of the layer of interest. This results in uncertainty of our prediction of the occurrence of turbulence, and now one must use an artificially large value of the critical Richardson n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1621913 |
Pospiviroid is a genus of viroids that most commonly infects tubers. It belongs to the family pospiviroidae. The first viroid discovered was a pospiviroid, the PSTVd species (potato spindle tuber viroid). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1624084 |
Beehive shelf A beehive shelf is a piece of laboratory equipment, usually of pottery, used to support a receiving jar or tube while a gas is being collected over water with a pneumatic trough. It is used so that when the gas emerges from the delivery tube into the beehive shelf, it is funneled into the receiving jar in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1627917 |
Ganesa Macula is a dark feature on Saturn's moon Titan. It is named after the Hindu god Ganesha. Ganesa was formerly tentatively identified as a cryovolcanic dome: the result of a mixture of water and ammonia erupting from the center of the dome and spreading out to form a pancake-like deposit. However, topographical d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1628823 |
Verona Rupes is a cliff on Miranda, a moon of Uranus. The cliff face, previously thought to be from high, as of 2016 is estimated to be high, which makes it the tallest known cliff in the Solar System. It may have been created by a major impact, which caused the moon to disrupt and reassemble, or by the crust rifting. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1630505 |
Hecates Tholus is a Martian volcano, notable for results from the European Space Agency's Mars Express mission which indicate a major eruption took place 350 million years ago. The eruption created a caldera 10 km in diameter. It has been suggested that glacial deposits later partly filled the caldera and an adjacent d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1631131 |
Biolex Therapeutics was a biotechnology firm in the Research Triangle of North Carolina that was founded in 1997 and raised $190 million from investors. It filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on July 5, 2012. The company focused on expression of difficult-to-synthesize recombinant proteins in its LEX platform, which used "L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1631144 |
Hydrobromide In chemistry, a hydrobromide is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). The compounds are similar to hydrochlorides. Some drugs are formulated as hydrobromides, eg. eletriptan hydrobromide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1632111 |
Jayme Tiomno (April 16, 1920 in Rio de Janeiro – January 12, 2011 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian experimental and theoretical physicist with interests in particle physics and general relativity. He was member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and a recipient of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit. He was the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1632637 |
Gleb Wataghin Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin (November 3, 1899 in Birzula, Russian Empire – October 10, 1986 in Turin, Italy) was a Russian-Italian experimental physicist and a great scientific leader who gave a great impulse to the teaching and research on physics in two continents: in the University of São Paulo, São Pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1632820 |
Nuclear transfer is a form of cloning. The steps involve removing the DNA from an oocyte (unfertilised egg), and injecting the nucleus which contains the DNA to be cloned. In rare instances, the newly constructed cell will divide normally, replicating the new DNA while remaining in a pluripotent state. If the cloned ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1632972 |
Nuclear transfer Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is the process by which the nucleus of an oocyte (egg cell) is removed and is replaced with the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell (examples include skin, heart, or nerve cell). The two entities fuse to become one and factors in the oocyte cause the somatic nucleus to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1632972 |
Conamara Chaos is a region of chaotic terrain on Jupiter's moon Europa. It is named after Connemara () in Ireland due to its similarly rugged landscape. is a landscape produced by the disruption of the icy crust of Europa. The region consists of rafts of ice that have moved around and rotated. Surrounding these plates ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1633910 |
Protozoology is the study of protozoa, the "animal-like" (i.e., motile and heterotrophic) protists. This term has become dated as understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the eukaryotes has improved. For example, the Society of Protozoologists, founded in 1947, was renamed International Society of Protistolog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1633982 |
Wilhem de Haan (7 February 1801 in Amsterdam – 15 April 1855 in Leiden) was a Dutch zoologist. He specialised in the study of insects and crustaceans, and was the first keeper of invertebrates at the Rijksmuseum in Leiden, now Naturalis. He was forced to retire in 1846, when he was partially paralysed by a spinal disea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1634562 |
Pullulanase (, "limit dextrinase", "amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase", "bacterial debranching enzyme", "debranching enzyme", "alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase", "R-enzyme", "pullulan alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase") is a specific kind of glucanase, an amylolytic exoenzyme, that degrades pullulan. It is produced as an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1639710 |
Lamella (materials) A lamella (plural "lamellae") is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also be used to refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another, in a gill-shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of 'welded' plates. The term is used in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1641702 |
Lamella (materials) For example, an engineered walnut floor will have several layers of wood and a top walnut lamella. In archaeology the term is used for a variety of small flat and thin objects, such as Amulet MS 5236, a very thin gold plate with a stamped text from Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC. In textiles, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1641702 |
Homolysis (chemistry) In chemistry, homolysis (from Greek ὅμοιος, homoios, "equal," and λύσις, lusis, "loosening") or homolytic fission is chemical bond dissociation of a molecule by a process where each of the fragments retains one of the originally bonded electrons. During homolytic fission of a neutral molecule with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1648241 |
Galvanoluminescence Is the emission of light produced by the passage of an electric current through an appropriate electrolyte in which an electrode, made of certain metals such as aluminium or tantalum, has been immersed. An example being the electrolysis of sodium bromide (NaBr). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1650455 |
Mindel glaciation The (, also "Mindel-Glazial", "Mindel-Komplex" or, colloquially, "Mindel-Eiszeit") is the third oldest glacial stage in the Alps. Its name was coined by Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner, who named it after the Swabian river, the Mindel. The Mindel glacial occurred in the Middle Pleistocene; it was p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1655537 |
Foe (unit) A foe is a unit of energy equal to 10 joules or 10 ergs, used to express the large amount of energy released by a supernova. An acronym for "[ten to the power of] fifty-one ergs", the term was introduced by Gerald E. Brown of Stony Brook University in his work with Hans Bethe, because "it came up often enoug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1656118 |
Alexander Keith Johnston (1844–1879) Alexander Keith Johnston (11 November 1844 in Edinburgh28 June 1879 in Tanzania) was a Scottish explorer, cartographer and geographer. He was the son of published geographer Alexander Keith Johnston (1804–1871) and Mary Grey. From 1873 to 1875 he was geographer to a commission for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1657346 |
Felix Karrer (March 1825 – 19 April 1903) was an Austrian geologist. He was born in Venice, educated in Vienna, and served for a time in the war department, but he retired from the public service at the age of thirty-two, and devoted himself to science. He made especial studies of the Tertiary formations and fossils of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1659724 |
Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten (26 November 1782 – 22 August 1853) was a German mineralogist known for contributions made to the German metallurgy industry. He was born at Bützow in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and initially studied law in Rostock. From 1801 he devoted his time to mining and metallurgy. In 1819 he was named mini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1659766 |
Her Majesty's Botanist His/is a member of the Royal household in Scotland. The office was created in 1699, and from 1768 until 1956 it was combined with the office of Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, who also held the post of Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh. Since then the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1659961 |
Turion (botany) A turion (from Latin turio meaning "shoot") is a type of bud that is capable of growing into a complete plant. A turion may be an underground bud. Many members of the genus "Epilobium" are known to produce turions at or below ground level. Some aquatic plant species produce overwintering turions, especi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1662256 |
Laboratory sample tube Laboratory sample tubes are used to hold small quantities of substances undergoing experimentation or testing. These tubes are usually made of glass and vary in size and purpose. Laboratory sample tubes must not be confused with glass tubing, which can be used to carry fluid between laboratory eq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1671928 |
Abell 754 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Hydra that was formed from the collision of two smaller clusters. This collision, which began about 300 million years ago, is ongoing, and the system is still disturbed. Eventually, the cluster will reach a level of equilibrium in a few billion years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1672076 |
Invariable plane The invariable plane of a planetary system, also called Laplace's invariable plane, is the plane passing through its barycenter (center of mass) perpendicular to its angular momentum vector. In the Solar System, about 98% of this effect is contributed by the orbital angular momenta of the four jovian p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1673352 |
Invariable plane The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum vector of a planet is where formula_1 is the orbital radius of the planet (from the barycenter), formula_2 is the mass of the planet, and formula_3 is its orbital angular velocity. That of Jupiter contributes the bulk of the Solar System's angular momentum,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1673352 |
Invariable plane Nevertheless, these changes are exceedingly small compared to the total angular momenta of the system (which is conserved despite these effects, ignoring the even much tinier amounts of angular momentum ejected in material and gravitational waves leaving the Solar System, and the extremely tiny torques... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1673352 |
Patrick J. Keeling Patrick John Keeling is a biologist and professor in the Department of Botany at the University of British Columbia. His research investigates the phylogeny, genomics and molecular evolution of protists and his work has led to numerous advances in assembling the eukaryotic tree of life. He has also i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1674369 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago are continental islands with a geologically very recent history of direct land bridge connection to South America. As a result, unlike most of the Caribbean Islands, Trinidad and Tobago supports a primarily South American flora and fauna and has greater diversi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago About 65 of the mammalian species in the islands are bats (including cave roosting, tree and cavity roosting bats and even foliage-tent-making bats; all with widely differing diets from nectar and fruit, to insects, small vertebrates such as fish, frogs, small birds and rodents an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago The red howler monkey and the white-fronted capuchin are Trinidad's two native non-human primate species. The tufted capuchin monkey was introduced to the northwestern peninsula of Trinidad during World War II and is now naturalized there. No monkeys remain extant on Tobago. For c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago The country hosts a few endemic avian subspecies and two endemic species (the critically endangered Trinidad Piping Guan found only in Trinidad, and the Trinidad Motmot found on both islands, but more common in Tobago). The best sources of information regarding the recorded amphib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago One is possibly a long introduced species on both islands that is still present in the wild in some areas of Trinidad, but unconfirmed in the wild in Tobago. One is very recently introduced in Trinidad from North America and it is unconfirmed if it is breeding in the wild. Three a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Of the 50 records for the country, 7 species are known from just 1 or 2 records. In addition to the 50 generally accepted confirmed records, there are at least 2 dubious records). A number of frogs and toads inhabit the islands, including the well known huge marine or cane toad ("... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago The relatively recently introduced Grenadian 'tink' frog ("Eleutherodactylus johnstonei") can be heard at night in loud metallic 'tinking' choruses in urban residential neighbourhood yards and parks from Diego Martin to Sangre Grande in Trinidad, and more recently in southwestern ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago The land dwelling yellow-footed tortoise ("Geochelone denticulata") or Morrocoy as it is locally known is threatened by high levels of poaching in Trinidad. The odd mata-mata turtle ("Chelus fimbriata") is known as a waif (and is possibly a rare inhabitant) of the Nariva Swamp and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago It is generally considered that the few records of both the American crocodile ("Crocodylus acutus") as well as the Orinoco crocodile ("Crocodylus intermedius") in the waters and on the coasts of Trinidad and Tobago were, for the most part, waifs from mainland South America. There... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Other common lizards include macro-teiids (or whip-tailed lizards) such as the "Ameiva atrigularis" (locally called the zandolie or ground lizard and common even in suburban gardens) and "Cnemidophorus lemniscatus" (most readily seen along some coastal areas of southwestern Tobago... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Anacondas (locally called the huille) have been historically found around streams, rivers and swamps in southern and eastern Trinidad, and recently also in the Caroni River drainage system. They have not been reported from Tobago. Three other boas, namely "Boa constrictor" (locall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Many of the members of the subfamily Dipsadinae are typically nocturnal and some of the more commonly observed species present even in suburban areas on both islands are the false mapipire ("Leptodeira annulata ashmeadi") and the slug-eating snake ("Sibon nebulata"). Other interes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago It is unfortunate to note that although all snakes (with the exception of the potentially dangerous vipers and corals) are protected by law in Trinidad and Tobago, the human population at large is not generally tolerant of snakes, and even harmless snakes found near human dwelling... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago There are approximately 70 species of land snails ranging in size from the giant South American land snail ("Megalobulimus oblongus") to the tiny Gastrocopta snails. Many species of crustaceans (terrestrial, freshwater and marine) are among the other invertebrates that may be easi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago There are many small rivers and streams throughout the islands. Over 40 species of freshwater fish have been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago. The world-famous guppy is a common native fish; particularly so in the mountain streams of Trinidad, where it has served as a model organis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Natural history of Trinidad and Tobago Whales and dolphins were far more common to Trinidad and Tobago's waters in earlier times, but the very rigorous whaling industry of the 19th century decimated the population of whales in the Gulf of Paria (called 'Golfo de Balena' or Gulf of Whales by Christopher Columbus). Today... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1676253 |
Rheid In geology, a rheid is a substance whose temperature is below the melting point and whose deformation by viscous flow during the time of observation is at least three orders of magnitude (1,000×) greater than the elastic deformation under the given conditions. A material is a rheid by virtue of the time of observ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1679356 |
Static spacetime In general relativity, a spacetime is said to be static if it does not change over time and is also irrotational. It is a special case of a stationary spacetime: the geometry of a stationary spacetime does not change in time; however, it can rotate. Thus, the Kerr solution provides an example of a stat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1682143 |
Static spacetime If formula_9 is the square of the norm of the Killing vector field, formula_10, both formula_9 and formula_12 are independent of time (in fact formula_13). It is from the latter fact that a static spacetime obtains its name, as the geometry of the space-like slice "S" does not change over time. In gene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1682143 |
Émile Blanchard Charles (6 March 1819 – 11 February 1900) was a French zoologist and entomologist. Blanchard was born in Paris. His father was an artist and naturalist and Émile began natural history very early in life. When he was 14 years old, Jean Victoire Audouin (1797—1841), allowed him access to the laboratory of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1683995 |
Émile Blanchard This publication raised his hopes to obtain the chair of reptiles and fish at the Natural History Museum left vacant by the death of Auguste Duméril (1812—1870) but it was finally Léon Vaillant (1834—1914) who was selected. However, in 1862, he was given the chair of natural history of Crustacea, Arachn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1683995 |
Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology. The discipline involves the application of chemical techniques, analysis, and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. In contrast to biochemistry, which invo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology Chemical biologists work to improve proteomics through the development of enrichment strategies, chemical affinity tags, and new probes. Samples for proteomics often contain many peptide sequences and the sequence of interest may be highly represented or of low abundance, which creates a barrier for th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology A method that has been developed uses "analog-sensitive" kinases to label substrates using an unnatural ATP analog, facilitating visualization and identification through a unique handle. While DNA, RNA and proteins are all encoded at the genetic level, glycans (sugar polymers) are not encoded directly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology Additionally, heterobifunctional (two-sided) synthetic small molecules such as dimerizers or PROTACs bring two proteins together inside cells, which can synthetically induce important new biological functions such as targeted protein degradation. Chemical synthesis of proteins is a valuable tool in che... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology Other strategies that have been used for the ligation of peptide fragments using the acyl transfer chemistry first introduced with native chemical ligation include expressed protein ligation, sulfurization/desulfurization techniques, and use of removable thiol auxiliaries. Expressed protein ligation al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology Once a large library of variants is created, selection or screening techniques are used to find mutants with a desired attribute. Common selection/screening techniques include FACS, mRNA display, phage display, and "in vitro" compartmentalization. Once useful variants are found, their DNA sequence is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology The coupling of an probe to a molecule of interest must occur within a reasonably short time frame; therefore, the kinetics of the coupling reaction should be highly favorable. Click chemistry is well suited to fill this niche, since click reactions are rapid, spontaneous, selective, and high-yielding.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology The advances in modern sequencing technologies in the late 1990s allowed scientists to investigate DNA of communities of organisms in their natural environments ("eDNA"), without culturing individual species in the lab. This metagenomic approach enabled scientists to study a wide selection of organisms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology These assays include top agar overlay assays where antibiotics generate zones of growth inhibition against test microbes, and pH assays that can screen for pH change due to newly synthesized molecules using pH indicator on an agar plate. Substrate-induced gene expression screening (SIGEX), a method to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology These events have an impact on the regulation of physiological pathways, which makes the ability to dissect and study these pathways integral to understanding the details of cellular processes. There exist a number of challenges—namely the sheer size of the phosphoproteome, the fleeting nature of phosp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology The development of novel chemical means of incorporating phosphomimetic amino acids into proteins has provided important insight into the effects of phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation events have typically been studied by mutating an identified phosphorylation site (serine, threonine or tyrosine) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology To utilize FRET for phosphorylation studies, fluorescent proteins are coupled to both a phosphoamino acid binding domain and a peptide that can by phosphorylated. Upon phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of a substrate peptide, a conformational change occurs that results in a change in fluorescence. F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology Fluorescent proteins are genetically encoded and can be fused to your protein of interest. Another genetic tagging technique is the tetracysteine biarsenical system, which requires modification of the targeted sequence that includes four cysteines, which binds membrane-permeable biarsenical molecules, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Chemical biology One of the best ways to detect conformational changes in proteins is to label the protein of interest with two fluorophores within close proximity. FRET will respond to internal conformational changes result from reorientation of one fluorophore with respect to the other. One can also use fluorescence ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1686272 |
Hydrogen analyzer A hydrogen analyzer is a device used to measure the hydrogen concentration in steels and alloys. It also has industrial applications for corrosion monitoring. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1689630 |
Pericycle The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the stele of plants. Although it is composed of non-vascular parenchyma cells, it's still considered part of the vascular cylinder because it arises from the procambium as do the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1690359 |
History of Animals (, "Ton peri ta zoia historion", "Inquiries on Animals"; "History of Animals") is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who had studied at Plato's Academy in Athens. It was written in the fourth century BC; Aristotle died in 322 BC. Generally seen as a pioneeri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Aristotle has been accused of making errors, but some are due to misinterpretation of his text, and others may have been based on genuine observation. He did however make somewhat uncritical use of evidence from other people, such as travellers and beekeepers. The "History of Animals" had a powerful ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Aristotle investigates four types of differences between animals: differences in particular body parts (Books I to IV); differences in ways of life and types of activity (Books V, VI, VII and IX); and differences in specific characters (Book VIII). To illustrate the philosophical method, consider one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Book III The internal organs, including generative system, veins, sinews, bone etc. He moves on to the blood, bone marrow, milk including rennet and cheese, and semen. Book IV Animals without blood (invertebrates) – cephalopods, crustaceans, etc. In chapter 8, he describes the sense organs of animals... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Aristotle's style and precision can be seen in the passage where he discusses the behaviour and anatomy of the cephalopods, mentioning the use of ink against predators, camouflage, and signalling. This is D'Arcy Thompson's translation: His observations were almost all accurate, according to the philo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Aristotle's methods of observation included dissection (Aristotle's lost companion work, "The Dissections", contained illustrations of these), so he observed animal anatomy directly, though his interpretations of the functions of the structures he observed were subject to error. Like other classical ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals Wilkins notes that Aristotle did not say "all flies have four legs"; he wrote that one particular animal, the "ephemeron" or mayfly, "moves with four feet and four wings: and, I may observe in passing, this creature is exceptional not only in regard to the duration of its existence, whence it receive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
History of Animals A French translation was made by Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire in 1883. Another translation into French was made by J. Tricot in 1957, following D'Arcy Thompson's interpretation. A German translation of books I–VIII was made by Anton Karsch, starting in 1866. A translation of all ten books into Germ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1692666 |
The Naturalist on the River Amazons The Naturalist on the River Amazons, subtitled "A Record of the Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature under the Equator, during Eleven Years of Travel", is an 1863 book by the British naturalist Henry Walter Bates about his expedi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1696077 |
The Naturalist on the River Amazons The result was widely admired, not least by Darwin; other reviewers sometimes disagreed with the book's support for evolution, but generally enjoyed his account of the journey, scenery, people, and natural history. The book has been reprinted many times, mostly in Bates's own effecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1696077 |
The Naturalist on the River Amazons Wallace sailed back to England in 1852 after four years; on the voyage, his ship caught fire, and his collection was destroyed; undeterred, he set out again, leading eventually (1869) to a comparable book, "The Malay Archipelago". By the time he came home in November 1859, Bates had ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1696077 |
The Naturalist on the River Amazons The structure of the readable, cut-down second edition of 1864 is as follows: Charles Darwin, having encouraged Bates to publish an account of his travels, read "The Naturalist on the River Amazons" with great pleasure, writing to Bates on 18 April 1863 that Darwin noted in his lette... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1696077 |
The Naturalist on the River Amazons is a zealous advocate of the hypothesis of the origin of species by derivation from a common stock", in other words that Bates was a staunch Darwinian. Darwin was happy to have the "Naturalist" on his side, and to use the book in the "Origin of Species" debate which was still heated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1696077 |
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