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Joe Farman Joseph Charles Farman CBE (7 August 193011 May 2013) was a British geophysicist who worked for the British Antarctic Survey. Together with Brian Gardiner and Jon Shanklin, he published the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica, having used Dobson ozone spectrophotometers. Their results were first publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1808883 |
Polyphage are genomic multimers of bacteriophage in which multiple viral particles are all encapsulated, one after the other, within the same set of coat proteins. This phenomenon is characteristic of filamentous phage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1809382 |
Ernst Krause Dr Ernst Ludwig Krause also known under the pen-name Carus Sterne (22 November 1839 in Zielenzig, – 24 August 1903 in Eberswalde) was a German biologist. Initially a student of pharmacy, he later studied natural sciences at the University of Berlin. After graduation, he devoted himself to independent scien... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1811066 |
Cryoscopic constant In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant, , relates molality to freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). It is the ratio of the latter to the former: Through cryoscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "cryoscopy" comes from Greek and me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1811634 |
Gelifluction Gelifluction, very similar to solifluction, is the seasonal freeze-thaw action upon waterlogging topsoils which induces downslope movement. is prominent in periglacial regions where snow falls during six to eight months of the year. In spring, the snow and ice melt, and the landscape is effectively inundat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1815506 |
Structural unit In polymer chemistry, a structural unit is a building block of a polymer chain. It is the result of a monomer which has been polymerized into a long chain. There may be more than one structural unit in the repeat unit. When different monomers are polymerized, a copolymer is formed. It is a routine way o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1818273 |
Structural unit For example, in the synthesis of cross-linked polystyrene, a small fraction of monomeric styrene (or vinylbenzene) is remplaced by 1,4-divinylbenzene (or "para"-divinylbenzene). Each of the two vinyl groups is inserted into a polymeric chain, so that the tetravalent unit is inserted into both chains, li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1818273 |
Ishtar Terra is one of two main highland regions on the planet Venus. It is the smaller of the three "continents", and is located near the north pole. It is named after the Akkadian goddess Ishtar. The size of is roughly between the sizes of Australia and the continental United States. On its eastern edge lies the grea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1822856 |
Bremermann's limit Bremermann's limit, named after Hans-Joachim Bremermann, is a limit on the maximum rate of computation that can be achieved in a self-contained system in the material universe. It is derived from Einstein's mass-energy equivalency and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and is "c"/"h" ≈ 1.36 × 10 b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1824836 |
Bremermann's limit However, it has been shown that access to quantum memory in principle allows computational algorithms that require arbitrarily small amount of energy/time per one elementary computation step. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1824836 |
Edouard Van Beneden Édouard Joseph Louis Marie Van Beneden (5 March 1846 in Leuven – 28 April 1910 in Liège), son of Pierre-Joseph Van Beneden, was a Belgian embryologist, cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytogenetics by his works on the roundwor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1825382 |
Neutron probe A neutron probe is a device used to measure the quantity of water present in soil. A typical neutron probe contains a pellet of americium-241 and beryllium. The alpha particles emitted by the decay of the americium collide with the light beryllium nuclei, producing fast neutrons. When these fast neutrons ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1826330 |
Colatitude In a spherical coordinate system, a colatitude is the complementary angle of a given latitude, i.e. the difference between 90° and the latitude. Southern latitudes are given a negative value and are thus denoted with a minus sign. The colatitude corresponds to the conventional polar angle in spherical coordi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1828681 |
Colatitude For example, Alpha Centauri will always be visible at night from Perth, Western Australia because the colatitude is , and 60° is greater than 58°; on the other hand, the star will never rise in Juneau because its declination of −60° is less than −32° (the negation of Juneau's colatitude). Additionally, colat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1828681 |
Ganges Chasma is a deep canyon at the eastern end of the vast Valles Marineris system on Mars, an offshoot of Capri Chasma, and is in the Coprates quadrangle. It is named after the River Ganges in South Asia. is thought to have formed through a series of catastrophic discharges of water and CO from chaos terrains such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1829154 |
Hyetograph A hyetograph is a graphical representation of the distribution of rainfall intensity over time. For instance, in the 24-hour rainfall distributions as developed by the Soil Conservation Service (now the NRCS or National Resources Conservation Service), rainfall intensity progressively increases until it reac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1831357 |
Oceanographic Museum of Monaco The Oceanographic Museum ("Musée océanographique") is a museum of marine sciences in Monaco-Ville, Monaco. It is home to the Mediterranean Science Commission. This building is part of the Oceanographic Institute, which is committed to sharing its knowledge of the oceans. The Oceanographic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1835511 |
Oceanographic Museum of Monaco The aquarium also features a presentation of Mediterranean and tropical marine ecosystems. Numerous artists display their artworks in the museum, such as Damien Hirst and . This monumental example of highly charged Baroque Revival architecture has an impressive façade above the sea, tower... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1835511 |
Knudsen gas In physics and chemistry, a is a gas in a state of such low density that the mean free path of molecules is greater than the diameter of receptacle that contains it. The molecular dynamical regime is then dominated by the collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of the receptacle rather than with each... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1837480 |
The Creator (diamond) The Creator () is a 298.48 carat colored raw diamond, the third largest gem diamond ever found in Russia or the territory of the former Soviet Union (after the 26th Congress of the CPSU and the Alexander Pushkin), and one of the largest in the world as of 2016. It was found at a placer mining fact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1837640 |
Biodistribution is a method of tracking where compounds of interest travel in an experimental animal or human subject. For example, in the development of new compounds for PET (positron emission tomography) scanning, a radioactive isotope is chemically joined with a peptide (subunit of a protein). This particular class... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1840155 |
Biodistribution In gene therapy, gene delivery vectors, such as viruses, can be imaged according either to their particle biodistribution or their transduction pattern. The former means labeling the viruses with a contrast agent, being visible in some imaging modality, such as MRI or SPECT/PET and latter means visualis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1840155 |
Gamma counter A gamma counter is a machine to measure gamma radiation emitted by a radionuclide. Unlike survey meters, gamma counters are designed to measure small samples of radioactive material, typically with automated measurement and movement of multiple samples. Gamma counters are usually scintillation counters. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1841012 |
Gamma counter Gamma counters are used in radiobinding assays, radioimmunoassays (RIA) and Nuclear Medicine measurements such as GFR and hematocrit. Some gamma counters can be used for gamma spectroscopy to identify radioactive materials based on their output energy spectrum, e.g. as a wipe test counter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1841012 |
International Celestial Reference System The (ICRS) is the current standard celestial reference system adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Its origin is at the barycenter of the Solar System, with axes that are intended to be "fixed" with respect to space. ICRS coordinates are approximately the same ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1846548 |
Azurophilic granule An azurophilic granule is a cellular object readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. In white blood cells and hyperchromatin, staining imparts a burgundy or merlot coloration. Neutrophils in particular are known for containing azurophils loaded with a wide variety of anti-microbial defensins that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1848140 |
AstroGrid was a £7.7M project which built a data-grid for UK astronomy, forming part of the UK contribution to the International Virtual Observatory. announced its first full production release on 1 April 2008. The project ran, in three phases, from 2001 to 2009. Accounts of its end-days suggest that many in the commun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1849608 |
Hossein Gol-e-Golab (Persian حسین گلگلاب also given as "Hosayn Golgolab", (1895 – March 13, 1985) was a polymath Iranian scholar and musician who wrote the patriotic anthem "Ey Iran". Gol-e-Golab was born in Kerman, and studied at the Elmiya School and Dar-ul-Funun university, which is now known as the University of T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1852405 |
Georgia Depression The is a landform and ecoregion in the Pacific Northwest which is part of the larger Insular Mountain System of the North American Cordillera. The depression includes the lowland regions of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington. The is encompassed by the Pacific Ranges to the nort... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1852664 |
Flandrian interglacial The or stage is the name given by geologists and archaeologists in the British Isles to the first, and so far only, stage of the Holocene epoch (the present geological period), covering the period from around 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last glacial period to the present day. As such, it ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1853139 |
Flandrian interglacial While there is agreement that post-industrial-revolution greenhouse-gas emissions are substantially warming the planet, there is debate over whether early agriculture, beginning thousands of years earlier, has had a much smaller warming effect (due to methane emissions from rice paddies, or defor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1853139 |
Rainout A rainout is the process of precipitation causing the removal of radioactive particles from the atmosphere onto the ground, creating nuclear fallout by rain. The rainclouds of the rainout are often formed by the particles of a nuclear explosion itself and because of this, the decontamination of rainout is more ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1854270 |
Rainout The base surge is a cloud that rolls outward from the bottom of the subsiding column, which is caused by an excessive density of dust or water droplets in the air. This surge is made up of small solid particles, but it still behaves like a fluid. A soil earth medium favors base surge formation in an underground... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1854270 |
Trituration is the name of several different methods used to process materials. In one sense, it is a form of comminution (reducing the particle size of a substance). In another sense, it is the production of a homogeneous material by mixing component materials thoroughly. For example, a dental amalgam is formed by com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1855862 |
Trituration In homeopathy, a trituration is a solution in lactose of a substance that is not water-soluble. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1855862 |
Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there wasn’t modification ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1857574 |
Polly and Molly In the rare cases that they do integrate this new genetic information, the pattern of expression of the injected transgene's protein due to the random integration is very variable. As the aim of such research is to produce an animal that expresses a particular protein in high levels in, for example, its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1857574 |
Polly and Molly The nuclei of these somatic cells was then transferred into an empty oocyte, as in the procedure of nuclear transfer, and this was used to produce several transgenic animals. A cell type PDFF was used. PDFF5 would produce male animals and were not transduced. Cell type PDFF2 produced female animals and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1857574 |
ROFOR is a format for reporting weather information. is an abbreviation for "Route Forecast". As the name suggests is the weather forecast of the route of any aircraft which will be flying through the route. contains various information regarding date and time of forecast, direction and speed of the wind, aerodrome ica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1862942 |
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. These branches utilize three different types of treat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Virotherapy In 2015 the FDA approved the marketing of talimogene laherparepvec, a genetically engineered herpes virus, to treat melanoma lesions that cannot be operated on; it is injected directly into the lesion. As of 2016 there was no evidence that it extends the life of people with melanoma, or that it prevents met... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Virotherapy However, responses to viral vectors at immune privileged sites such as the eye may be reduced compared to other sites of the body. Unlike traditional vaccines, in which attenuated or killed virus/bacteria is used to generate an immune response, viral immunotherapy uses genetically engineered viruses to pres... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Virotherapy These now maladapted viruses have minimal capacity for harming humans and are used as attenuated viruses for clinical use. An important consideration is to not reduce the replicative ability of the virus beyond the point where the immune system response will be compromised. A secondary immune response would... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Virotherapy In March 2019, the distribution of ECHO-7 in Latvia has been stopped. Currently, there are many viral gene therapy products in clinical trial phases. Listed below are the products that are (or were) approved for marketing in the US and/or European Union. Viruses have been explored as a means to treat infect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Virotherapy VVPP engineering must therefore control for viruses that may be able to mutate and thereby bind to surface proteins and manipulate the DNA of the infected host. Chester M. Southam, a researcher at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, pioneered the study of viruses as potential agents to treat cancer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1873971 |
Mass formula A mass formula is an equation or set of equations in physics which attempts to predict the mass or mass ratios of the subatomic particles. An important step in high energy physics was the discovery of the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula predicting relationships between masses of the members of SU(3) multiplet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1876520 |
Névé is a young, granular type of snow which has been partially melted, refrozen and compacted, yet precedes the form of ice. This type of snow is associated with glacier formation through the process of nivation. that survives a full season of ablation turns into firn, which is both older and slightly denser. Firn eve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1877084 |
National Geomagnetism Program The is a program directed by the USGS that monitors the Earth's magnetic field. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1879284 |
Cortex (botany) A cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a plant, lying below the epidermis but outside the vascular bundles. The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. The outer cortical cells often acquire i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1884746 |
Microwave spectroscopy is the spectroscopy method that employs microwaves, i.e. electromagnetic radiation at GHz frequencies, for the study of matter. In the field of molecular physics, microwave spectroscopy is commonly used to probe the rotation of molecules. In the field of condensed matter physics, microwave spectr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1886159 |
Microwave spectroscopy Another material class that has been studied using microwave spectroscopy at low temperatures are heavy fermion metals with Drude relaxation rates at GHz frequencies. Microwaves impinging on matter usually interact with charges as well as with spins (via electric and magnetic field components, re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1886159 |
Pospiviroidae The are a family of viroids, including the first viroid to be discovered, PSTVd. Their secondary structure is key to their biological activity. The classification of this family is based on differences in the conserved central region sequence. The genome consists (in this order) of an LH terminal domain, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1886461 |
Diamicton (also diamict) (from Greek "δια" (dia-): through and "µεικτός" (meiktós): mixed) is a terrigenous sediment (a sediment resulting from dry-land erosion) that is unsorted to poorly sorted and contains particles ranging in size from clay to boulders, suspended in a matrix of mud or sand. The term was proposed by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1888138 |
Bernard du Bus de Gisignies Jonkheer Bernard Amé Léonard du Bus de Gisignies (June 21, 1808 in Sint-Joost-ten-Node – July 6, 1874 in Bad Ems) was a Dutch nobleman and later on a Belgian politician, ornithologist and paleontologist. He was the second son of Leonard Pierre Joseph du Bus de Gisignies. He married "Petronil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1889654 |
Bernard du Bus de Gisignies In 1867 he became the director of the "science section" of the Royal Academy of Belgium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1889654 |
Barrett–Crane model The is a model in quantum gravity, first published in 1998, which was defined using the Plebanski action. The formula_1 field in the action is supposed to be a formula_2-valued 2-form, i.e. taking values in the Lie algebra of a special orthogonal group. The term in the action has the same symmetries... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1892519 |
Abundance (chemistry) In a chemical reaction, a reactant is considered to be in abundance if the quantity of that substance is high and virtually unchanged by the reaction. Abundance differs from excess in that a reactant in excess is simply any reactant other than the limiting reagent; the amount by which a reactant i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1900675 |
Wet electrons Wet electrons, which occur on the surface of metal oxides, are a transition state for electrons between the solid and liquid states of matter. are attracted to positively charged hydroxide ions which form on oxide surfaces in the presence of atmospheric moisture. These electrons in turn affect the interac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1904617 |
Fraction (chemistry) A fraction in chemistry is a quantity collected from a batch of a substance in a fractionating separation process. In such a process, a mixture is separated into fractions, which have compositions that vary according to a gradient. A fraction can be defined as a group of chemicals that have similar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1907405 |
Dispersive mass transfer Dispersive mass transfer, in fluid dynamics, is the spreading of mass from highly concentrated areas to less concentrated areas. It is one form of mass transfer. Dispersive mass flux is analogous to diffusion, and it can also be described using Fick's first law: where c is mass concentration of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1907770 |
Kenneth Carpenter (born September 21, 1949 in Tokyo, Japan) is a paleontologist. He is the museum director of the USU Eastern Prehistoric Museum and author or co-author of books on dinosaurs and Mesozoic life. His main research interests are armored dinosaurs (Ankylosauria and Stegosauria), as well as the Early Cretace... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1909502 |
Global Telecommunications System The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) is a global network for the transmission of meteorological data from weather stations, satellites and numerical weather prediction centres. The GTS consists of an integrated network of point-to-point circuits, and multi-point circuits which inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1911304 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an American biopharmaceutical company based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was one of the first biotech firms to use an explicit strategy of rational drug design rather than combinatorial chemistry. It maintains headquarters in South Boston, Massachusetts, and three ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals On 23 January 2019, Ian Smith, the COO and interim CFO of Vertex was terminated from his position for undisclosed personal behavior that violated established company code of conduct rules. In June of the same year, Vertex announced it would acquire Exonics Therapeutics for up to $1 billion and co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals In 2017 Vertex marketed the drug for $311,000 per year. Vertex also studied ivacaftor in combination with another drug (lumacaftor) for the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), known as F508del, and published the first set of results in 2012. Vertex produced the drug after 13 years of re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals In 2016, Vertex began developing a new group of CFTR modulators in combination with tezacaftor and ivacaftor. In 2017, the company reported results that showed benefits for patients with different mutations that represent 90% of the CF population. On 22 October 2019, the FDA approved Vertex's Tri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Development and commercialization of telaprevir is shared with Johnson & Johnson for European distribution and Mitsubishi for Asia. Telaprevir is a protease inhibitor. In 2015, several media outlets reported CEO Jeffrey Leiden's 2014 compensation to be approximately US$48.5 million. Vertex shareh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals In the late 1990s the Bethesda-based Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, encouraged by then-President Robert Beall, began investing in Vertex— when it was a small start-up biotechnology company— to help fund the development of Kalydeco in the form of venture philanthropy. The total investment amounted to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals " On 15 April 2015 in Cambridge, MA, Joan Finnegan Brooks of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, spoke about the role of Vertex and venture philanthropy to a panel of biotech leaders hosted by Life Sciences Foundation on the topic of patient advocacy in the biotech industry. While Brooks, who has Cys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1913376 |
Eisai (company) Nihon Eisai Co. Ltd. was established in 1941. In 1944, merger with Sakuragaoka Research Laboratory resulted in creation of Eisai Co. Ltd. The American subsidiary of the company, Eisai Inc., was established in 1995. On November 25, 1996, Eisai received approval from the United States Food and Drug Admini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1914048 |
Eisai (company) Eisai maintains medical research headquarters in Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey as well as locations in Japan, the United Kingdom, the Research Triangle in North Carolina, and Massachusetts where the Eisai Research Institute and the Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery (G2D2) institute are based. The company ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1914048 |
Mean free time Molecules in a fluid constantly collide off each other. The mean free time of a molecule in a fluid is the average time between collisions. The mean free path of the molecule is the product of the average speed and the mean free time. These concepts are used in the kinetic theory of gases to compute tran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1916509 |
Thistle tube A thistle tube is a piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a shaft of tube, with a reservoir and funnel-like section at the top. Thistle tubes are typically used by chemists to add liquid to an existing system or apparatus. Thistle funnels are used to add small volumes of liquids to an exact position.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1918474 |
Calcifuge A calcifuge is a plant that does not tolerate alkaline (basic) soil. The word is derived from the Latin 'to flee from chalk'. These plants are also described as ericaceous, as the prototypical calcifuge is the genus "Erica" (heaths). It is not the presence of carbonate or hydroxide ions "per se" that these pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1919309 |
Calcicole A calcicole, calciphyte or calciphile is a plant that thrives in lime rich soil. The word is derived from the Latin 'to dwell on chalk'. Under acidic conditions, aluminium becomes more soluble and phosphate less. As a consequence, calcicoles grown on acidic soils often develop the symptoms of aluminium toxici... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1919332 |
Vertical seismic profile In geophysics, vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. The defining characteristic of a VSP (of which there are many types) is that either the energy source, or the detectors (or sometimes both) are in a borehole. In ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1920027 |
Cumulus mediocris cloud Cumulus mediocris is a low to middle level cloud with some vertical extent (Family D1) of the genus cumulus, larger in vertical development than Cumulus humilis. It also may exhibit small protuberances from the top and may show the cauliflower form characteristic of cumulus clouds. Cumulus medio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1922671 |
Cumulus mediocris cloud This genus and species type may also be the result of a complete transformation of stratocumulus or stratus. These clouds are common in the advance of a cold front or in unstable atmospheric conditions such as an area of low pressure. They can grow into larger Cumulus congestus which could bring... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1922671 |
Gemma (botany) A gemma (plural "gemmae") is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants. These structures are commonly f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1924911 |
Kraus-type radio telescope The design was created by Dr. John D. Kraus (1910–2004). Kraus-type telescopes are transit instruments, where the flat primary mirror reflects radio waves towards the spherical secondary mirror, which focuses it towards a mobile focal carriage. The primary tilts North-South to select any obje... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1926830 |
Vespertine (biology) Vespertine is a term used in the life sciences to indicate something of, relating to, or occurring in the evening. In botany, a vespertine flower is one that opens or blooms in the evening. In zoology, the term is used for a creature that becomes active at dusk, such as bats and owls. Strictly spea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1927645 |
Deconfinement In physics, deconfinement (in contrast to confinement) is a phase of matter in which certain particles are allowed to exist as free excitations, rather than only within bound states. Various examples exist in particle physics where certain gauge theories exhibit transitions between confining and deconfini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1928399 |
Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 – 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was born in Kusel, Germany and died in Nuremberg, Germany. was an inspector of water an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1929700 |
Stacking velocity In reflection seismology, stacking velocity, or Normal Moveout (NMO) velocity, is the value of the seismic velocity obtained from the best fit of the traveltime curve by a hyperbola.. The hyperbolic approximation to the traveltime curve (two-way travel time versus offset) is known as Normal moveout (N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1929759 |
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicine and science. From 1850, he practiced as a physician in the Wöhrd district of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1929794 |
Pastonian Stage The Pastonian interglacial, now called the (from Paston, Norfolk), is the name for an early or middle Pleistocene stage used in the British Isles. It precedes the Beestonian Stage and follows the Pre-Pastonian Stage. Unfortunately the precise age of this stage cannot yet be defined in terms of absolute ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1930545 |
Pre-Pastonian Stage The or Baventian Stage (from Easton Bavents in Suffolk), is the name for an early Pleistocene stage used in the British Isles. It precedes the Pastonian Stage and follows the Bramertonian Stage. This stage ended 1.806 Ma (million years ago) at the end of Marine Isotope Stage 65. It is not currently ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1930557 |
Bramertonian Stage The is the name for an early Pleistocene biostratigraphic stage in the British Isles. It precedes the Pre-Pastonian Stage (Baventian Stage). It derives its name from Bramerton Pits in Norfolk, where the deposits can be found on the surface. The exact timing of the beginning and end of the is currentl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1930594 |
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is a difference spectrum of two X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) taken in a magnetic field, one taken with left circularly polarized light, and one with right circularly polarized light. By closely analyzing the difference in the XMCD spectrum, information can be obtained on the m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1932012 |
Brinkmann coordinates are a particular coordinate system for a spacetime belonging to the family of pp-wave metrics. They are named for Hans Brinkmann. In terms of these coordinates, the metric tensor can be written as where formula_2, the coordinate vector field dual to the covector field formula_3, is a null vector f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1932484 |
Gustaf Johan Billberg (14 June 1772, Karlskrona – 26 November 1844, Stockholm) was a Swedish botanist, zoologist and anatomist, although professionally and by training he was a lawyer and used science and biology as an avocation. The plant genus "Billbergia" was named for him by Carl Peter Thunberg. In 1790 he earned h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1934218 |
Stanisław Mrozowski Stanisław Wojciech Mrozowski (February 9, 1902 – February 21, 1999) was a Polish born American physicist. He was a professor of physics at SUNY Buffalo from 1949 until 1972, after which he worked at Ball State University. He worked briefly on the Manhattan Project at Princeton University. He receive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1935627 |
Jerzy Pniewski (June 1, 1913 – June 16, 1989) was a Polish physicist. Pniewski was born in Płock. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Warsaw. In 1952, he co-discovered the hypernucleus with Marian Danysz. In 1962, he discovered hypernuclear isomery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1935656 |
Velamen or velamen radicum is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid and "Clivia" species. The velamen of an orchid is the white or gray covering of aerial roots (when dry, and usually more green when wet as a result of the appearance of underlying ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1936105 |
Velamen The velamen arises from the root tip by division of a special tissue. The dead cells of velamen diffuse light, thus giving it a grey appearance—except at the tips, where the chlorophyll become visible. Upon absorbing water, the dead cells become transparent, and the whole velamen tissue then appears green. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1936105 |
Axial ratio Axial ratio, for any structure or shape with two or more axes, is the ratio of the length (or magnitude) of those axes to each other - the longer axis divided by the shorter. In "chemistry" or "materials science", the axial ratio (symbol P) is used to describe rigid rod-like molecules. It is defined as the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1938356 |
Coinjection is a polymer injection technology in which different polymers are injected into the same mold. Reasons for using coinjection are: Despite these advantages, coinjection requires machinery that is more expensive and difficult to maintain than standard single injection machines. The coinjection process also ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1939458 |
Billion years A billion years (10 years) is a unit of time on the petasecond scale, more precisely equal to seconds. It is sometimes abbreviated Gy, Ga ("giga-annum"), Byr and variants. The abbreviations Gya or bya are for "billion years ago", i.e. billion years before present. The terms are used in geology, paleontolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1947920 |
Incompatible element In petrology and geochemistry, an incompatible element is one that is unsuitable in size and/or charge to the cation sites of the minerals of which it is included. It is defined by the partition coefficient between rock-forming minerals and melt being much smaller than 1. During the fractional crys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1948939 |
Aquificaceae The family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings such as hot springs, sulfur pools, and hydrothermal vents. Although they are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea, genera are an early phylogenetic branch. Family Notes: • No pure culture iso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1949853 |
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