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History of catecholamine research Another year later, the US-American ophthalmologist William Bates, perhaps motivated like Oliver, instilled adrenal extracts into the eye, found that ″the conjunctiva of the globe and lids whitened in a few minutes″, correctly explained the effect by vasoconstriction, and administered ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research In 1903, natural adrenaline was found to be optically active and levorotary, in 1905 synthesis of the racemate was achieved by Friedrich Stolz at Hoechst AG in Höchst (Frankfurt am Main) and by Henry Drysdale Dakin at the University of Leeds, in 1906 the chemical structure was elucidat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research His visionary hypothesis stands in the abstract of a presentation to the Physiological Society of May 21, 1904, a little over ten years after Oliver and Schäfer's presentation: ″Adrenalin does not excite sympathetic ganglia when applied to them directly, as does nicotine. Its effective... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research The breakthrough for chemical neurotransmission came when, in 1921, Otto Loewi in Graz demonstrated the ″humorale Übertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung″ in amphibians. "Vagusstoff" transmitted inhibition from the vagus nerves, and "Acceleransstoff" transmitted stimulation from the symp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research The Harvard Medical School physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon, who had popularized the idea of a sympatho-adrenal system preparing the body for fight and flight, and his colleague Arturo Rosenblueth developed an elaborate but ″queer″ theory of two "sympathins", "sympathin E" (excitato... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research ″ The German-British biochemist Hermann Blaschko (1900–1993), who in 1933 had left Germany because he was Jewish, wrote this in 1987 in Oxford, looking back on “a half-century of research on catecholamine biosynthesis”. The paper by Peter Holtz (1902–1970) and his coworkers originated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research ” Within a year, Axelrod narrowed the gap by showing that dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were O-methylated by catechol-O-methyl transferase. To fill the gap completely, however, the role of membranes had to be appreciated (see below). Thanks to Holtz and Blaschko it was clear t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research They sought for catecholamines in human urine and found a blood pressure-increasing material "Urosympathin" that they identified as a mixture of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. “As to the origin of "Urosympathin" we would like to suggest the following. Dopamine in urine is the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research It was taken by Marthe Vogt, a refugee from Germany who at that time worked with John Henry Gaddum in the Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Edinburgh. ″The presence of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain has been demonstrated by von Euler (1946) and Holtz (1950). The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research ″ Her assignment was confirmed, the finishing touch being the visualization of the noradrenaline as well as adrenaline and (see below) dopamine pathways in the central nervous system by Annica Dahlström and with the formaldehyde fluorescence method developed by Nils-Åke Hillarp (1916–1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research Thus for the first time the reserpine-induced Parkinsonism in laboratory animals and, by implication, Parkinson's disease in humans was related to depletion of striatal dopamine. A year later Oleh Hornykiewicz, who had been introduced to dopamine by Blaschko and was carrying out a colo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research In addition the vesicles contained adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with a molar noradrenaline:ATP ratio in sympathetic nerve vesicles of 5.2:1 as determined by Hans-Joachim Schümann (1919–1998) and Horst Grobecker (born 1934) in Peter Holtz′ group at the Goethe University Frankfurt. Blas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research H-adrenaline and H-noradrenaline given intravenously to cats were partly O-methylated, but another part was taken up in the tissues and stored unchanged. Erich Muscholl (born 1926) in Mainz, who had worked with Marthe Vogt in Edinburgh, wished to know how cocaine sensitized tissues to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research With the advent of molecular genetics, the three transport mechanisms have been traced to the proteins and their genes since 1990. They now comprise the plasma membrane "noradrenaline transporter" (NAT or NET), the classical uptake, and the analogous "dopamine transporter" (DAT); the p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research Dale clearly saw the specificity of the ″paralytic″ (antagonist) effect of ergot for ″the so-called myoneural junctions connected with the true sympathetic or thoracic-lumbar division of the autonomic nervous system″ – the adrenoceptors. He also saw its specificity for the ″myoneural j... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research “Arrangement of all amines according to their bronchodilator effect yields a series from the most potent, isopropyl-adrenaline, via the approximately equipotent bodies adrenaline, propyl-adrenaline and butyl-adrenaline, to the weakly active isobutyl-adrenaline.” Isoprenaline also exert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research Experiments described in this paper indicate that although there are two kinds of adrenotropic receptors they cannot be classified simply as excitatory or inhibitory since each kind of receptor may have either action depending on where it is found.” Ahlquist chose six agonists, includi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research ” The haze surrounding the receptors was thus blown away. Yet, perhaps because Ahlquist dismissed Cannon and Rosenblueth rather harshly, his manuscript was rejected by the "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics" and only in a second submission accepted by the "American ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research … It is suggested that this terminology be extended to the realm of adrenergic blocking drugs, e.g., that blocking drugs be designated according to the receptor for which they have the greatest affinity, as either alpha or beta adrenergic blocking drugs.” Dichloroisoprenaline was the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research Even before dopamine was identified as the third catecholamine transmitter, Blaschko suspected it might possess receptors of its own, since Peter Holtz and his group in 1942 had found that small doses of dopamine lowered the blood pressure of rabbits and guinea pigs, whereas adrenaline... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
History of catecholamine research Earl Wilbur Sutherland won the 1971 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine" ″for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones″, in particular the discovery of cyclic adenosine monophosphate as second messenger in the action of catecholamines at β-adrenoceptors an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791208 |
Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics is a nonintrusive (noninvasive) technique which maps material thickness using ultrasonic techniques. Variations in material thickness due to corrosion can be identified and graphically portrayed as an image. The technique is widely used in the oil and gas industries for the in-service d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791304 |
Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics Eclipse Scientific Products Inc, Williamsford, Ontario, Canada https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064220/http://www.turkndt.org/sub/makale/ornek/Pipeline%20Corrosion%20and%20Cracking%20and%20the%20Associated%20Calibrati.pdf 4. Improved plant availability by advanced condition based ins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38791304 |
Quinaldine red (pronounced , abbreviated QR) is a dark green–red or black solid that does not dissolve easily in water (it is partly miscible). In addition to being used as colored indicator, quinaldine red is also used as a fluorescence probe and an agent in bleaching. is an indicator that turns from colorless to red ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38795030 |
Quinaldine red QR is also an ideal fluorescent probe because substrates of interest, such as antibodies, can be detected within a 0.3nM detection limit without the use of radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides, which are the DNA components. In other words, quinaldine red is preferred tag since its bindi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38795030 |
Quinaldine red When exposed to intensive rays such as X-rays, gamma rays, and electron beams, the dye is able to photobleach a substance. In the case of dental bleaching, a laser is the source of intensive rays. QR is dissolved in a mixture of water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, and other solvents and is place... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38795030 |
Electron-hole droplets are a condensed phase of excitons in semiconductors. The droplets are formed at low temperatures and high exciton densities, the latter of which can be created with intense optical excitation or electronic excitation in a p-n junction. Evidence for electron-hole droplets was first observed by J. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38799183 |
Spectrochimica Acta Part A Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering spectroscopy. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 2.098. Currently, the editors-in-chief are J. R. Durig (University of M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38799805 |
Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic in the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family, with high heat resistance, chemical resistance and the ability to withstand high mechanical loads. PEKK's glass transition temperature (Tg) is 162°C. Oxford Performance Materials manufactures PEKK-based parts for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38805770 |
Spontelectrics is a form of solid state thin films with some peculiar physical properties. When laid down as thin films tens to hundreds of molecular layers thick, a range of materials spontaneously generate large electric fields. The electric fields can be greater than 10 V/m. Spontelectric behaviour is intrinsic to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38812038 |
Camphorsultam Camphorsultam, also known as bornanesultam, is a crystalline solid primarily used as a chiral auxiliary in the synthesis of other chemicals with a specific desired stereoselectivity. is commercially available in both enantiomers of its "exo" forms: (1"R")-(+)-2,10-camphorsultam and (1"S")-(−)-2,10-camphor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38813510 |
Camphorsultam This allows for more control over the reactions and the creation of very specific desired products. Stereoselectivity can be further increased if substrates are equipped with two chiral auxiliaries, acting in a cooperative fashion. also has applications in determining a compound's absolute stereochemistry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38813510 |
Cyanuric triazide (CN or (NCN)) is described as an environmentally friendly, low toxicity, and organic primary explosive with a detonation velocity of about 7,300 m·s, and ignition temperature at 205 °C. Primary research on this compound focuses on its use as a high energy density compound. is planar and has three-fold... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38817016 |
Cyanuric triazide This combustion enthalpy of 2234 kJ·mol is comparable to the military explosive RDX (CN)(NO)H but isn’t put into use due to its less than favorable stability. Melting point examination showed a sharp melting range to clear liquid at 94-95 °C, gas evolution at 155 °C, orange to brown solution discolora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38817016 |
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in tap water as chlorine is highly toxic. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination The first continuous use of chlorine in the United States for disinfection took place in 1908 at Boonton Reservoir (on the Rockaway River), which served as the supply for Jersey City, New Jersey. Chlorination was achieved by controlled additions of dilute solutions of chloride of lime (calcium hypoch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination " Major Carl Rogers Darnall, Professor of Chemistry at the Army Medical School, gave the first practical demonstration of this in 1910. This work became the basis for present day systems of municipal water "purification". Shortly after Darnall's demonstration, Major William J. L. Lyster of the Army M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination Chlorine gas was first used on a continuing basis to disinfect the water supply at the Belmont filter plant, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by using a machine invented by Charles Frederick Wallace who dubbed it the Chlorinator. It was manufactured by the Wallace & Tiernan company beginning in 1913. By 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination When dissolved in water, chlorine converts to an equilibrium mixture of chlorine, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hydrochloric acid (HCl): In acidic solution, the major species are and HOCl, whereas in alkaline solution, effectively only ClO (hypochlorite ion) is present. Very small concentrations of C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination Their effects depend strictly on the duration of their exposure to the chemicals and the amount ingested into the body. In high doses, bromoform mainly slows down regular brain activity, which is manifested by symptoms such as sleepiness or sedation. Chronic exposure of both bromoform and dibromochlo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Water chlorination Some compounds employed in commercial dechlorinators are: sodium thiosulfate, Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate (used in AmQuel), and Sodium hydroxymethane sulfinic acid (used in Marineland Bio-safe). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38840679 |
Lithium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula LiPo. It is a polonide, a set of very chemically stable compounds of polonium. may be produced from a redox reaction between aqueous hydrogen polonide and lithium metal or from an acid-base reaction of HPo with strong lithium-containing bases: It may also be prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38848797 |
Sodium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula NaPo. It is a polonide, a set of very chemically stable compounds of polonium. Due to the difference in electronegativity (ΔEN) between sodium and polonium (≈ 1.1 under the Pauling system) and the slight non-metallic character of polonium, it is intermediate betwe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38848844 |
Potassium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula KPo. It is a polonide, a set of very chemically stable compounds of polonium. is thermally more unstable and has stronger electron affinity than potassium telluride (KTe). may be produced from a redox reaction between hydrogen polonide and potassium metal: It m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38848913 |
Chemické Listy Chemicke Listy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering chemistry and published by the Czech Chemical Society as the journal of the Association of Czech Chemical Societies. Languages of publication are Czech and Slovak; English manuscripts can only be submitted upon invitation. The journal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38849501 |
Trans,polycis-decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (, "Rv2361c", "(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E)-decaprenyl diphosphate synthase") is an enzyme with systematic name "(2Z,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesylcistransferase (adding 7 isopentenyl units) ". This enzyme catalyses the following chemical r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38852036 |
Erbium hexaboride (ErB) is a rare-earth hexaboride compound, which has a calcium hexaboride crystal structure. It is one of the fundamental compounds formed in reactions between erbium and boron. The compound is isostructural with all other reported rare-earth hexaboride compounds including lanthanum hexaboride, samari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38854349 |
Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS or mROS) are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by mitochondria. Generation of mitochondrial ROS mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Leakage of electrons at complex ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38862372 |
Mitochondrial ROS Ordinarily mitochondrial SOD2 protects against mitochondrial ROS. Epidermal cells in mutant mice with a genetic SOD2 deficiency undergo cellular senescence, nuclear DNA damage, and irreversible arrest of proliferation in a portion of their keratinocytes. Mutant mice with a conditional deficiency for m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38862372 |
Iron ring (laboratory) An iron ring or ring clamp is an item of laboratory equipment which comprises a conjoined metal ring and radially-extending rod. In some cases, the rod terminates in a screw clamp for attachment to a retort stand or other support; in others, the rod may be attached to a stand by means of a labora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38872033 |
Thermal shift assay A thermal shift assay (TSA) measures changes in the thermal denaturation temperature and hence stability of a protein under varying conditions such as variations in drug concentration, buffer pH or ionic strength, redox potential, or sequence mutation. The most common method for measuring protein th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Biochemical assays require a catalytic activity of the protein in question as well as a specific assay. Circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry both consume large amounts of protein and are low-throughput methods. The thermofluor assay was the first high-throughput thermal shift ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay This need was met with the development of a new high-throughput technology for the quantitative determination of protein stability and ligand binding by differential scanning fluorimetry of proteins tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). This technology is based on the principle that a change ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay The name differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) was introduced later but thermofluor is preferable as thermofluor is no longer trademarked and differential scanning fluorimetry is easily confused with differential scanning calorimetry. SYPRO Orange binds nonspecifically to hydrophobic surfaces, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Knowing this effect can be very useful as a high relative fluorescence increase suggests a significant fraction of folded protein in the starting material. This assay allows high-throughput screening of ligands to the target protein and it is widely used in the early stages of drug discovery in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay When protein denatures, DCVJ increases in fluorescence. It has been reported to work with 40 mg/ml of antibody. The lifetime of tryptophan fluorescence differs between folded and unfolded protein. Quantification of UV-excited fluorescence lifetimes at various temperature intervals yields a measureme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay The only requirement is that the protein actually aggregates/fibrillates after denaturation and that the protein of interest has been purified. In fast parallel proteolysis the researcher adds a thermostable protease (thermolysin) and takes out samples in parallel upon heating in a thermal gradient ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay So calcium must be present and calcium chelators absent in the buffer - other compounds that interfere with the function (such as high concentrations of detergents) of the protease could also be problematic. FASTpp has also been used to monitor binding-coupled folding of intrinsically disordered pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Analogous to thermofluor binding assays, a small volume of protein solution is heated up and the fluorescence increase is followed as function of temperature. In contrast to thermofluor, no external fluorescent dye is needed because the flavin cofactor is already present in the flavin-binding protei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay FSEC is typically used to compare membrane protein orthologs or screen detergents to solubilize specific membrane proteins in. For fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography-based thermostability assay (FSEC-TS) the samples are heated in the same manner as in FastPP and CETSA and following... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Denatured protein is unable to bind the radioligand and the protein and radioligand will be separated in the gel filtration mini column. When screening mutants selection will be for thermal stability in the specific conformation, i.e., if the radioligand is an agonist, selection will be for the agon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay For most drug compound libraries, where many compounds are not soluble beyond ~100 μM, screening multiple compounds is consequently not feasible owing to solubility issues. Thermofluor screens do not require the development of custom screening reagents (e.g. cleavable substrate analogs), do not requ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Thermofluor pre-screens can be performed that sample a wide range of pH, ionic strength, and additives such as added metal ions and cofactors. The generation of a protein response surface is useful for establishing optimal assay conditions and can frequently lead to improved purification scheme as r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Of course, whether or not a protein-protein interaction is ultimately "druggable" with a small molecule requires the presence of a suitable binding site on the target protein that provides enough local energetic interactions to allow specific drug binding. Membrane proteins are often isolated in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Protection relative to reference was quantified through either protein staining on gels or western blotting with a labeling antibody directed to a tag fused to the target protein. CETSA, for cellular thermal shift assay, is a method that monitors the stabilization effect of drug binding through the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Thermal shift assay Present implementations still require a priori knowledge of expected targets to facilitate data analysis, but improvements in MS data collection strategies, together with the use of improved computational tools and database structures can potentially allow the approach to be used for de novo target ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38876059 |
Mezerein is a toxic diterpene ester found in the sap of "Daphne mezereum" and related plants. Plants of the genera "Euphorbiaceae" and "Thymelaeaceae" possess a wide variety of different phorbol esters, which share the capacity of mimicking diacylglycerol (DAG) and thus activating different isoforms of protein kinase C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38877081 |
Mezerein Daphnetoxin has a structure similar to mezerein, with the phenyl-pentadienoyl component (top left of the mezerein structural diagram) missing. They are both PKC activators but with a different selectivity: mezerein exhibits antileukemic properties while daphnetoxin does not. is a second stage tumor promoter. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38877081 |
Mezerein Protein kinase C controls the cell cycle, so chemicals that interact with it can have pro-proliferative or anti-proliferative effects. PKC is normally activated by diacyl glycerol (DAG). Upon DAG binding to PKC, PKC's affinity for Ca and membrane phosphoinositols is increased. After binding Ca, the DAG-PKC-Ca ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38877081 |
Mezerein Usually, low doses cause a beneficial effect and high doses cause a toxic effect. has been shown to have two effects in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF cells) that are associated with cancer. These effects are stimulation of 2-deoxy--glucose (2-DG) transport and causing of fibronectin loss. These effects are kno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38877081 |
Mezerein In this case, a maximum dose can be determined: above concentrations of about 103 ng/mL the effect remains more or less stable. A NOAE-level is visible for concentrations of up to 1 ng/mL of mezerein. The concentration that gives half-maximal effect is approximately 90 ng/mL. The difference with the half-maxim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38877081 |
List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks This is a list of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks; Legionnaire's is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by gram negative, aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus "Legionella". The first reported outbreak was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1976 during a Legionnaires Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38894374 |
List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks The European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI) was established in 1986 within the European Union framework to share knowledge and experience about potential sources of "Legionella" and their control. This group has published guidelines about the actions to be taken ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38894374 |
List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks Indoor ornamental fountains have been confirmed as a cause of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks, in which submerged lighting as a heat source was attributed to the outbreak in all documented cases. Controlling the growth of "Legionella" in ornamental fountains is touched on in many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38894374 |
List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks A 2011 study by Lin, Stout and Yu found Copper-Silver ionization to be the only Legionella control technology which has been validated through a 4-step scientific approach. A recent research study provided evidence that "Legionella pneumophila", the causative agent of Legionnaire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38894374 |
List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks " In 2010 a study by the UK Health Protection Agency reported that 20% of cases may be caused by infected windscreen washer systems filled with pure water. The finding came after researchers spotted that professional drivers are five times more likely to contract the disease. No ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38894374 |
C25H30O8 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 458.501 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38895549 |
C29H36O8 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38897190 |
Westinghouse Lamp Plant The located in Bloomfield, New Jersey, was one of the lamp manufacturing plants of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The plant had a major involvement in supplying uranium metal for the world's first self-sustaining chain reaction in Chicago (Chicago Pile-1) in the early phase of the Manhattan ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38900893 |
Westinghouse Lamp Plant The metal was pure enough for nuclear research in many university laboratories during the 1930s. By 1941, had the only practical process for producing pure uranium metal. In 1942, the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago was building the world's first nuclear reactor called "Chi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38900893 |
Westinghouse Lamp Plant To avoid leaking of information about the project at the plant, it was covered with the program called Tuballoy which was the codename for uranium in programs related to the Manhattan Project, taken from the British atomic weapons effort "Tube Alloys" which had been folded into Manhattan. Due to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38900893 |
Westinghouse Lamp Plant After that, the plant continued to play a major role in supplying the uranium metal for the Manhattan Project until October 1943 when a better and more economical process was done elsewhere. During the contract, the plant produced 69 short tons of uranium metal in total. Westinghouse continued i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38900893 |
Westinghouse Lamp Plant In 2006, NJDEP sued Viacom (successor of Westinghouse) and others for the continuation of ground water contamination at the site. Due to the proximity of the Westinghouse site and other former manufacturing sites to the Watsessing Station, the Township of Bloomfield is working on the plan for tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38900893 |
Everhardus Jacobus Ariëns (29 January 1918 – 3 March 2002) was a Dutch pharmacologist and professor at the Catholic University of Nijmegen (now Radboud University Nijmegen). He made important contributions to the function of receptors and the mathematical description of ligand–receptor interactions (receptor theory). M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38905013 |
Everhardus Jacobus Ariëns Based on his dissertation, he developed together with Jacques van Rossum, a method for quantification of pharmacological effects as a result of ligand-receptor interactions. The thesis developed the concepts of receptor affinity and intrinsic activity. With the help of these terms he could des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38905013 |
Everhardus Jacobus Ariëns He also received the Dr. Saal van Zwanenberg Award (1972), the Medal of the Norwegian Poulsson Pharmacological Society (1973), the Scheele Award (1974), the Schmiedeberg Medal (1980) and the Smissman Award of the American Chemical Society (1985). Everhardus Ariëns was awarded honorary doctorat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38905013 |
Wilton International is a multi-occupancy industrial site in Redcar, northeast England. Originally a chemical plant, it has businesses in a variety of fields including energy generation, plastics recycling and process research. The site was formerly wholly owned and operated by ICI, a large chemical company, the Wilton... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38911785 |
Wilton International Lotte Chemicals stopped PTA production, however built a new PET production plant. Huntsman manufacture polyurethane intermediates and Ensus built their bioethanol facility in 2009, which at the time was the largest of its type in the United Kingdom. Biffa Polymers opened a polymer recycling plant t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38911785 |
C19H14O6 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 338.311 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38915171 |
C23H22N2O2 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38915195 |
C25H24N2O2 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38915196 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work The use of bronze dates from remote antiquity. This important metal is an alloy composed of copper and tin, in proportion which vary slightly, but may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin. Other ingredients which are occasionally found are more or less accidental... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work Further coatings of liquid are applied, so that there is, when dry, a solid outer coating and a solid inner core held together by the metal rods, with the work of art modelled in wax between. Heat is applied and the wax melts and runs out, and the molten metal is poured in and occupies ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work Tools and weapons, chisels and axe-heads, spearheads or dagger-blades, are the only surviving artifacts of the Copper age, and do not show artistic treatment. But some Early Minoan pottery forms are plainly copied from metal prototypes, cups and jugs of simple construction and rather el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work The most elaborate inlays, pictures of men hunting lions and cats hunting birds, are on daggers from the shaftgraves of Mycenae. These large designs cover the whole of the flat blade except its edge, but on swords, best represented by finds at Knossos, the ornament is restricted to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work There are few remains of Mycenaean metal armour; a plain cheek-piece from a helmet comes from Ialysos in Rhodes, and a pair of greaves from Enkomi in Cyprus. One of the greaves has wire riveted to its edge for fastening. Middle and Late Minoan and Mycenaean vessels are many. First in si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work There are several statuettes, very completely modelled but roughly cast; they are solid and unchased, with blurred details. Well known are a figure of a praying or dancing woman from the Troad, now at Berlin, and another from Hagia Triada; praying men from Tylissos and Psychro, another ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work Some vase-shapes are clearly survivals from the Mycenaean repertory, but a greater number are new, and these are elementary and somewhat clumsy, spherical or biconical bodies, huge cylindrical necks with long band-handles and no spouts. Ceramic painted ornament also reflects originals o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work Pieces of tripod-cauldrons from Olympia have animals lying or standing on their upright ring-handles, which are steadied by human figures on the rims. Handles and legs are cast, and are enriched with graceful geometric mouldings. The bowls are wrought, and their shape and technique are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
Bronze and brass ornamental work So in Etruscan graves beside inscribed Phoenician bowls there have been found great cauldrons, adorned with jutting heads of lions and griffins, and set on conical stands which are embossed with Assyrian winged monsters. The bowl and stand were favourite archaic forms. The Greek stand w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38918352 |
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