text
stringlengths 11
1.65k
| source
stringlengths 38
44
|
|---|---|
Quasar Equatorial Survey Team The (QUEST) is a joint venture between Yale University, Indiana University, and Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomia (CIDA) to photographically survey the sky using a digital camera, an array of 112 charge-coupled devices. Since 2009, it has used the 1 m ESO Schmidt Telescope in Chile. From 2003–2007, it used the 48 inch (1.22 m) Samuel Oschin telescope at the Palomar Observatory. Before that, it had used the 1.0-metre Schmidt telescope at the Llano del Hato National Astronomical Observatory in Venezuela. As of 08/09/2017 all the following links are broken.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3718083
|
COLUMBUS The PROGRAMS are a computational chemistry software suite for calculating ab initio molecular electronic structures, designed as a collection of individual programs communicating through files. The programs focus on extended multi-reference calculations of atomic and molecular ground and excited states. Besides standard classes of reference wave functions such as CAS and RAS, calculations can be performed with selected configurations. It makes use of the atomic orbital integrals and gradient routines from the DALTON program. The program is available free of charge under license (including the DALTON license). The PROGRAMS are frequently used for nonadiabatic problems because of its ability to calculate MRCI nonadiabatic coupling vector analytically. The PROGRAMS were started in 1980 in the Department of Chemistry of the Ohio State University by Isaiah Shavitt, Hans Lischka and Ron Shepard. The programs pioneered the Graphical Unitary Group Approach (GUGA) for configuration interaction calculations, which is now available in many other program suites. The programs are named after Columbus, OH. The PROGRAMS maintain a program unique style that distinguish itself from most other quantum chemistry programs. The program suite is a collection of a number of programs coded in Fortran, each can be executed independently. These programs communicate through files
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3718320
|
COLUMBUS Perl scripts are provided to prepare input files and to link these programs together to perform common tasks such as single point energy calculation, geometry optimization, normal mode analysis, etc. This style provides very high degree of flexibility which is embraced by advanced users. The open style allows new components to be added to the program suite with ease. However, such flexibility also increased the complexity of input file preparation and execution, making it very difficult for new users.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3718320
|
Boundary conformal field theory In theoretical physics, boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) is a conformal field theory defined on a spacetime with a boundary (or boundaries). Different kinds of boundary conditions for the fields may be imposed on the fundamental fields; for example, Neumann boundary condition or Dirichlet boundary condition is acceptable for free bosonic fields. BCFT was developed by John Cardy. In the context of string theory, physicists are often interested in two-dimensional BCFTs. The specific types of boundary conditions in a specific CFT describe different kinds of D-branes. BCFT is also used in condensed matter physics - it can be used to study boundary critical behavior and to solve quantum impurity models.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3720236
|
Twisted sector In theoretical physics, a twisted sector is a subspace of the full Hilbert space of closed string states in a particular theory over a (good) orbifold. In the first quantized formalism of string theory (or in two-dimensional conformal field theory) the target space is an orbifold M/G if the observables of the string are only defined modulo G. Consequently, the value of the field after one cycle around the closed string need only be the same as its original value modulo some G transformation. i.e. there exists some formula_1 such that For each conjugacy class of G, we have a different superselection sector (wrt the worldsheet). The conjugacy class consisting of the identity gives rise to the untwisted sector and all the other conjugacy classes give rise to twisted sectors. It's easy to see that since the observables are only modulo G, two different g's which are conjugate to each other give rise to the same sector. In the second quantized formalism, the different sectors give rise to different orbifold projections.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3720344
|
Perseus-Pisces Supercluster The (SCl 40) is one of the largest known structures in the universe. Even at a distance of 250 million light-years, this chain of galaxy clusters extends more than 40° across the northern winter sky. The is one of two dominant concentrations of galaxies (the other being the Local supercluster) in the nearby universe (within 300 million light years). This supercluster also borders a prominent void, the Taurus Void, and is part of the Perseus–Pegasus Filament which stretches for roughly a billion light years. The main clusters of the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster are Abell 262, Abell 347, and Abell 426.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3720577
|
Euxanthic acid is a xanthonoid glycoside, a conjugate of the aglycone euxanthone with glucuronic acid. Its magnesium salt is the primary colourant of the pigment Indian Yellow.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3725403
|
NGC 1512 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 38 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Horologium. The galaxy displays a double ring structure, with one ring around the galactic nucleus and another further out in the main disk. The galaxy hosts an extended UV disc with at least 200 clusters with recent star formation activity. is a member of the Dorado Group. Gravitational tidal forces of are influencing nearby dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 1510. The two galaxies are separated by only ∼5 arcmin (13.8 kpc), and are in the process of a lengthy merger which has been going on for 400 million years. At the end of this process will have cannibalised its smaller companion. Interaction between these two galaxies has triggered star formation activity in the outskirts of the disc and enhanced the tidal distortion in the arms of the NGC 1512. The interaction seems to occur in the north-western areas of the system because of the broadening of the H i arm and the spread of the UV-rich star clusters in this region.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727660
|
NGC 1637 is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 30 million light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. A supernova (SN 1999em) was observed in NGC 1637.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727706
|
NGC 2442 and NGC 2443 are two parts of a single intermediate spiral galaxy, commonly known as the Meathook Galaxy. It is about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Volans, and was discovered by Sir John Herschel on December 23, 1834. Associated with this galaxy is HIPASS J0731-69, a cloud of gas devoid of any stars. It is likely that the cloud was torn loose from NGC 2442 by a companion. Gaia16cfr was a supernova imposter that occurred in NGC 2442 on 1 December 2016. It reached a Gaia apparent magnitude of 19.3 and absolute magnitude of about −12.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727758
|
NGC 2541 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located about 40 million light-years away. It is in the NGC 2841 group of galaxies with NGC 2500, NGC 2537, and NGC 2552.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727786
|
NGC 2683 is a field spiral galaxy discovered by William Herschel on February 5, 1788. It was nicknamed the "UFO Galaxy" by the Astronaut Memorial Planetarium and Observatory. It is viewed nearly edge-on from Earth's location in space and is located between 16 and 25 million light-years away. is receding from Earth at , and from the Galactic Center at . The reddened light from the center of the galaxy appears yellowish due to the intervening gas and dust located within the outer arms of NGC 2683. Its apparent magnitude is 10.6 making it not visible to the human eye without the aid of a small telescope. While usually considered an unbarred spiral galaxy, recent research suggests it may in fact be a barred spiral galaxy; its bar is hard to see due to its high inclination. Further support for the presence of a bar stems from the X-shaped structure seen near its centre, which is thought to be associated with a buckling instability of a stellar bar. It is also both smaller and less luminous than the Milky Way with very little neutral hydrogen or molecular hydrogen and a low luminosity in the infrared, which suggests a currently low rate of star formation. is rich in globular clusters, hosting about 300 of them, twice the number found in the Milky Way. Due to its vast distance and complexity (due to the association of Globular Clusters bound to it), NGC 2638's mass has not been calculated as accurately as it could be. Otherwise its volume and vector motions are reasonably well known and characterized.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727811
|
NGC 2715 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It was discovered in 1871 by Alphonse Borrelly. It is an intermediate spiral galaxy that is 4.9 arcminutes wide. SN 1987M, a supernova was discovered in NGC 2715.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727824
|
NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. In 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope took a look at NGC 2787. The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of . contains a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER), a type of region that is characterized by spectral line emission from weakly ionized atoms. LINERs are very common within lenticular galaxies, approximately one-fifth of nearby lenticular galaxies contain LINERs.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727851
|
NGC 2841 is an inclined, unbarred, spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major that exhibits a prominent inner ring structure. It was discovered on 9 March 1788 by William Herschel. Initially thought to be about 30 million light-years distant, a 2001 Hubble Space Telescope survey of the galaxy's Cepheid variables determined its distance to be approximately 14.1 megaparsecs or 46 million light-years. is a giant spiral galaxy with properties similar to those of the Andromeda Galaxy. It is a prototypical flocculent spiral galaxy, a type of spiral galaxy whose arms are patchy and discontinuous. is home to a large population of young blue stars, and a few H II regions. contains a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER), a type of region that is characterized by spectral line emission from weakly ionized atoms.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727868
|
NGC 2903 is a field barred spiral galaxy about 30 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel who cataloged it on November 16, 1784. has a very high rate of star formation in its central region. NGC 2905 is a bright star cloud within this galaxy. is part of the Virgo Supercluster.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727887
|
NGC 2997 is a face-on unbarred spiral galaxy about 25 million light-years away in the constellation Antlia. It is the brightest galaxy of the group of galaxies. is particularly notable for a nucleus surrounded by a chain of hot giant clouds of ionized hydrogen. It is featured on the cover of the first edition of "Galactic Dynamics" by James Binney and Scott Tremaine.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727914
|
NGC 3079 is a barred spiral galaxy about 50 million light-years away, and located in the constellation Ursa Major. A prominent feature of this galaxy is the "bubble" forming in the very center (see picture below). The Supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of . The bubble forming in the center of is believed to be about 3000 light-years wide and to rise more than 3500 light-years above the disc of the galaxy. It is speculated that the bubble is being formed by particles streaming at high speeds, which were in turn caused by a large burst of star formation. This current bubble is thought to have been created about one million years ago, and computer modeling suggests that there is an ongoing cycle of forming bubbles, with a new bubble forming approximately every 10 million years.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3727941
|
Robert Fiske Griggs (22 August 1881 in Brooklyn, Connecticut – 10 June 1962), was a botanist who led a 1915 National Geographic Society expedition to observe the aftermath of the Katmai volcanic eruption. In June 1917, Griggs and the eager NGS explorers rushed to the Katmai coast with the express goal of exploring the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. They quickly worked their way up through the ash-filled Katmai River valley and over the pass. It was a month of terror and elation for the twelve adventurers. Through the long Alaska summer days, they took chemical and geologic samples, shot photographs, and made rough maps. Mincing their way across the crumbling, treacherous surface of the hot ash, they studied the temperatures and temperaments of the roaring fumaroles and explored the perilous margins of the pyroclastic deposits. As they explored and documented the valley, they began to build a picture of the eruption. For five years, the American public had been entranced by the exciting volcanic discoveries in Alaska. Hungry for stories to push the horrors of World War I from their minds, thousands of National Geographic subscribers were thrilled to read Griggs’ gripping articles about the adventures of his exploring parties. As the discoveries unfolded, Griggs became increasingly zealous in his advocacy of the site. His vivid descriptions of the wonders of the Katmai country ignited the interest of what was then a budding conservation movement in the United States
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3729332
|
Robert Fiske Griggs The mysterious volcanic valley seemed an ideal candidate for protection. Griggs and the chiefs of the National Geographic Society campaigned persistently to preserve the area, and in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson declared of land as Katmai National Monument. He holds degrees from Ohio State University (BA), University of Minnesota (MA), and Harvard University (Ph.D) and taught at Fargo College, Ohio State, George Washington University, and University of Pittsburgh. Griggs, Robert F. "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes: An Account of the Discovery and Exploration of the Most Wonderful Volcanic Region in the World," National Geographic (February 1918), 115–169.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3729332
|
NGC 3486 is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy located about 27.4 million light years away in the constellation of Leo Minor. It has a morphological classification of SAB(r)c, which indicates it is a weakly barred spiral with an inner ring and loosely wound arms. This is a borderline, low-luminosity Seyfert galaxy with an active nucleus. However, no radio or X-ray emission has been detected from the core, and it may only have a small supermassive black hole with less than a million times the mass of the Sun.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3735222
|
NGC 3521 is a flocculent intermediate spiral galaxy located around 26 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Leo. It has a morphological classification of SAB(rs)bc, which indicates that it is a spiral galaxy with a trace of a bar structure (SAB), a weak inner ring (rs), and moderate to loosely wound arm structure (bc). The bar structure is difficult to discern, both because it has a low ellipticity and the galaxy is at a high inclination of 72.7° to the line of sight. The relatively bright bulge is nearly 3/4 the size of the bar, which may indicate the former is quite massive. The nucleus of this galaxy is classified as an HII LINER, as there is an H II region at the core and the nucleus forms a low-ionization nuclear emission-line region.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3735269
|
NGC 3596 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel 1784. It is located below the star Theta Leonis (Chertan).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3735320
|
NGC 3877 is a type Sc spiral galaxy that was discovered by William Herschel on February 5, 1788. It is located below the magnitude 3.7 star Chi Ursae Majoris in Ursa Major. The Type IIn supernova SN 1998S is the only supernova that has been observed within NGC 3877. is a member of the M109 Group, a group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major that may contain over 50 galaxies. The brightest galaxy in the group is the spiral galaxy M109.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3736745
|
NGC 3949 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It is believed to be approximately 50 million light-years away from the Earth. The type II supernova SN 2000db is the only supernova that has been observed within NGC 3949. is a member of the M109 Group, a group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major that may contain over 50 galaxies. The brightest galaxy in the group is the spiral galaxy M109.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3736787
|
NGC 4013 is an edge-on barred spiral galaxy about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. The disk of shows a distinct "peanut"-shaped bulge in long exposure photographs that N-body computer simulations suggest is consistent with a stellar bar seen perpendicular to the line of sight. A recent deep color image of revealed a looping tidal stream of stars extending over 80 thousand light-years from the Galactic Center. This structure is thought to be the remnants of a smaller galaxy that was torn apart by tidal forces as it collided with NGC 4013. Supernova SN 1989Z was discovered on December 30, 1989 at apparent magnitude 12. is a member of the Ursa Major Cluster.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3736837
|
NGC 4216 is a metal-rich intermediate spiral galaxy located not far from the center of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, roughly 55 million light-years away. It is seen nearly edge-on. is one of the largest and brightest spiral galaxies of the Virgo Cluster, with an absolute magnitude that has been estimated to be −22 (i.e.: brighter than the Andromeda Galaxy), and like most spiral galaxies of this cluster shows a deficiency of neutral hydrogen that's concentrated within the galaxy's optical disk and has a low surface density for a galaxy of its type. This explains why is considered an anemic galaxy by some authors, also with a low star formation activity for a galaxy of its type. In fact, the galaxy's disk shows pillar-like structures that may have been caused by interactions with the intracluster medium of Virgo and/or with nearby galaxies. In NGC 4216's halo, besides a rich system of globular clusters with a number of them estimated in around 700 (nearly five times more than the Milky Way), two stellar streams that are interpreted as two satellite galaxies being disrupted and absorbed by this galaxy are present. seems to be in a place of the Virgo cluster where dwarf galaxies are being destroyed/accreted at a high rate, with it suffering many interactions with these type of galaxies.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3736917
|
NGC 772 (also known as Arp 78) is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 130 million light-years away in the constellation Aries. Around 200,000 light years in diameter, is twice the size of the Milky Way Galaxy, and is surrounded by several satellite galaxies – including the dwarf elliptical, NGC 770 – whose tidal forces on the larger galaxy have likely caused the emergence of a single elongated outer spiral arm that is much more developed than the others arms. Halton Arp includes in his Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 78, where it is described as a "Spiral galaxy with a small high-surface brightness companion". Two supernovae (SN 2003 hl & SN 2003 iq) have been observed in NGC 772. probably has a H II nucleus, but it may be a transitional object.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3737285
|
NGC 7814 (also known as UGC 8 or Caldwell 43) is a spiral galaxy about 40 million light-years away in the constellation Pegasus. The galaxy is seen edge-on from Earth. It is sometimes referred to as "the little sombrero", a miniature version of Messier 104. The star field behind is known for its density of faint, remote galaxies as can be seen in the image here – in the same vein as the Hubble Deep Field.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3737347
|
NGC 1427 is an low-luminosity elliptical galaxy approximately 71 million light-years away from Earth. It is currently traveling toward the Fornax cluster. It was discovered by John Frederick William Herschel on November 28, 1837. is E5 galaxy. It has a diameter of 70 000 light-years. There is 510 globular clusters around the galaxy.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3748337
|
NASA Tech Briefs The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is required by its charter to report to industry any new, commercially significant technologies developed in the course of their R&D. For more than three decades, this has been accomplished primarily through the publication of NASA Tech Briefs. Originally issued as single sheet reports in the 1960s, has been a joint publishing venture of NASA and Tech Briefs Media Group, a unit of SAE International, since 1985. Today, "NASA Tech Briefs’" circulation surpasses 190,000. The monthly magazine, which as of 2013 is still available in paper form, features reports of innovations developed by NASA and its industry partners/contractors. "NASA Tech Briefs" also contains articles on NASA spinoffs, NASA tech transfer resources, and application stories. Regular columns describe new patents, industry products, software, and literature. The associated commercial ad-supported web site is privately owned and is not an official Web site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, nor is it sponsored by NASA.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3754352
|
Molecular configuration The molecular configuration of a molecule is the "permanent" geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism. Used as drugs, compounds with different configuration normally have "different" physiological activity, including the desired pharmacological effect, the toxicology and the metabolism. Configuration is distinct from chemical conformation, a shape attainable by bond rotations.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3758700
|
Detlef Quadfasel Detlef Rudolf Quadfasel is a professor of Geophysics at Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics at Copenhagen University and Oceanography at the Institut für Meereskunde, Hamburg. He is joint editor of "Progress in Oceanography". He is involved in a number of projects, including Climate monitoring - Greenland Sea Convection.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3776242
|
Bediasite is a form or type of tektite. It originates in an area in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas centered on the small town of Bedias which is north west of Houston. They are found in about nine Texas Counties in an area of over . The largest specimen ever found is just over 200 grams. Virgil Barnes was one of the first scientists to study Bediasites in depth. The first identified was brought to the University of Texas at Austin in 1936 by George D. Ramsey and was identified by Virgil Barnes. Bediasites are part of the 34-million-year-old North American strewnfield coming from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Two strewnfields and tektite groups are associated with this impact: the black Bediasites in Texas and the green Georgiaites in Georgia.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3779103
|
Relative viscosity (formula_1) (a synonym of "viscosity ratio") is the ratio of the viscosity of a solution (formula_2) to the viscosity of the solvent used (formula_3),
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3782592
|
Jack Garrick John Andrew Frank "Jack" Garrick (1928 – August 30, 2018) was a New Zealand ichthyologist. He specialized in elasmobranchs and published many books and articles about shark and ray biology. In 1982, he published a thorough taxonomy on sharks of the genus "Carcharhinus", where he identified the smoothtooth blacktip shark as a new species. He is the species authority for several types of sharks, including the New Zealand lanternshark. Garrick was a zoology professor at Victoria University of Wellington, appointed to a personal chair in 1971. He had a primary interest in the taxonomy of sharks and rays, and carried out the first exploratory deep-sea sampling using specially adapted cone nets, baited traps, and longlines, regularly to depths greater than 2000 m. Many new and rare species were obtained by use of these innovative techniques. He was responsible for the notable discovery of the first New Zealand specimens of orange roughy in 1957 (which subsequently formed the basis of a multimillion-dollar fishery). Jack collected some 721 specimens in 988 lots and deposited them at Te Papa. He discovered the first known specimens of the northern river shark, a species that was eventually named after him, and which featured on an episode of the show "River Monsters". Garrick's catshark was also named in his honour.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3787460
|
Model building (particle physics) In particle physics, the term model building refers to a construction of new quantum field theories beyond the Standard Model that have certain features making them attractive theoretically or for possible observations in the near future. If the model building physicist uses the tools of string theory, he or she is called "superstring model builder". A model builder typically chooses new quantum fields and their new interactions, attempting to make their combination realistic, testable and physically interesting. In particular, an interesting new model should address questions left unanswered in the Standard Model which has, including three massive neutrinos, 28 free parameters. A model which extends the Standard Model should predict one or more of these parameters or shed light on some other issue such as why there are three quark-lepton families or, the most common motivation, the naturalness or hierarchy problem associated with the quadratic divergences appearing in the scalar sector. Model builders constitute a group between experimentalists and "pure" theorists; model builders are theorists, but with an emphasis on using current tools to fit data, in addition to the more long-term pursuit of a more complete theory of nature. Model builders are one step closer to pure theorists than phenomenologists are, although the distinction is often blurred in practice
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3791131
|
Model building (particle physics) Model building is speculative because current particle accelerators can only probe up to a few TeV, where physics is well described by the Standard Model. One result of renormalization group theory is that at low energies, models flow toward universality classes and different models may flow to the same universality class so many models can coexist beyond the Standard Model. Only experimental data will distinguish between them. All experimental attempts to look for irrelevant couplings beyond the Standard Model, such as those that give rise to proton decay, flavor changing neutral currents, Peskin–Takeuchi parameters and nonuniversal couplings have so far come up only with upper bounds. However, the observation of neutrino oscillations could be explained by adding a Majorana neutrino mass, which is an irrelevant coupling that could arise, e.g., from the seesaw mechanism. There may be patterns among the marginal and relevant couplings so that among all the possible models which give rise to the Standard Model universality class, one of them has fewer free parameters than the others allowing it to make predictions. It is an article of faith amongst some model builders in particle physics that there exists an elegant high-energy theory or UV completion of the Standard Model.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3791131
|
Little hierarchy problem In particle physics the little hierarchy problem in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is a refinement of the hierarchy problem. According to quantum field theory, the mass of the Higgs boson must be rather light for the electroweak theory to work. However, the loop corrections to the mass are naturally much greater; this is known as the hierarchy problem. New physical effects such as supersymmetry may in principle reduce the size of the loop corrections, making the theory natural. However, it is known from experiments that new physics such as superpartners does not occur at very low energy scales, so even if these new particles reduce the loop corrections, they do not reduce them enough to make the renormalized Higgs mass completely natural. The expected value of the Higgs mass is about 10 percent of the size of the loop corrections which shows that a certain "little" amount of fine-tuning seems necessary. Particle physicists have different opinions as to whether the little hierarchy problem is serious.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3791224
|
DGP model The is a model of gravity proposed by Gia Dvali, Gregory Gabadadze, and Massimo Porrati in 2000. The model is popular among some model builders, but has resisted being embedded into string theory. The assumes the existence of a 4+1-dimensional Minkowski space, within which ordinary 3+1-dimensional Minkowski space is embedded. The model assumes an action consisting of two terms: One term is the usual Einstein–Hilbert action, which involves only the 4-D spacetime dimensions. The other term is the equivalent of the Einstein–Hilbert action, as extended to all 5 dimensions. The 4-D term dominates at short distances, and the 5-D term dominates at long distances. The model was proposed in part in order to reproduce the cosmic acceleration of dark energy without any need for a small but non-zero vacuum energy density. But critics argue that this branch of the theory is unstable. However, the theory remains interesting because of Dvali's claim that the unusual structure of the graviton propagator makes non-perturbative effects important in a seemingly linear regime, such as the solar system. Because there is no four-dimensional, linearized effective theory that reproduces the for weak-field gravity, the theory avoids the vDVZ discontinuity that otherwise plagues attempts to write down a theory of massive gravity. In 2008, Fang "et al
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3791271
|
DGP model " argued that recent cosmological observations (including measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and measurements of the cosmic microwave background and type 1a supernovae) is in direct conflict with the DGP cosmology unless a cosmological constant or some other form of dark energy is added. However, this negates the appeal of the DGP cosmology, which accelerates without needing to add dark energy.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3791271
|
Overlayer An overlayer is a layer of adatoms adsorbed onto a surface, for instance onto the surface of a single crystal. Adsorbed species on single crystal surfaces are frequently found to exhibit long-range ordering; that is to say that the adsorbed species form a well-defined overlayer structure. Each particular structure may only exist over a limited coverage range of the adsorbate, and in some adsorbate/substrate systems a whole progression of adsorbate structure are formed as the surface coverage is gradually increased. The periodicity of the overlayer (which often is larger than that of the substrate unit cell) can be calculated by low-energy electron diffraction, because there will be additional diffraction beams associated with the overlayer. There are two types of overlayers: commensurate and incommensurate. In the former the substrate-adsorbate interaction tends to dominate over any lateral adsorbate-adsorbate interaction, while in the latter the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are of similar magnitude to those between adsorbate and substrate. An overlayer on a substrate can be notated in either Wood's notation or matrix notation
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3799847
|
Overlayer Wood's notation takes the form where M is the chemical symbol of the substrate, A is the chemical symbol of the overlayer, formula_2 are the Miller indices of the surface plane, R and formula_3 correspond to the rotational difference between the substrate and overlayer vectors, and the vector magnitudes shown are those of the substrate (formula_4 subscripts) and of the overlayer (formula_5 subscripts). This notation can only describe commensurate overlayers however, while matrix notation can describe both. Matrix notation differs from Wood's notation in the second term, which is replaced by the formula_6 matrix that describes the overlayer primitive vectors in terms of the substrate primitive vectors: and so hence matrix notation has the form
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3799847
|
Gaea (crater) Gaea is an impact crater on Amalthea, one of the small moons of Jupiter. The crater is 75 km wide and at least 10–20 km deep. Its center coordinates are 50°S, 95°W. Gaea is one of two named craters on Amalthea, the other being Pan. It is named after the Greek goddess Gaia. Third of Gaea's interior is covered by a bright spot – the largest on Amalthea. Its brightness is at least 2.3 times greater than outside. This spot is about 25 km wide and appear to be extended outside the crater. Gaea is located near the South pole of Amalthea, far south from the two bright areas, Lyctos Facula and Ida Facula, which are positioned on the slopes of a prominent mountain elongated along meridian.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3800394
|
Lyctos Facula is a bright mountain on one of Jupiter's smallest moons Amalthea. It is believed to have a width of 25 kilometers . It is one of two named faculae that appear on Amalthea, the other being Ida Facula. It was discovered by "Voyager 1" in 1979 and in the same year named for the region of Crete in which Zeus was raised. Firstly it was named simply "Lyctos".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3800726
|
Ida Facula is a bright mountain on Amalthea, one of Jupiter's smallest moons. It is known to be about 15 kilometers in width, somewhat smaller than the neighboring mountain Lyctos Facula. It was discovered by "Voyager 1" in 1979 and in the same year named for Mount Ida, a mountain in Crete where Zeus played as a child. Firstly it was called simply "Ida".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3800795
|
Shigeo Kurata Kurata has described a number of new "Nepenthes" species, including "N. campanulata", "N. eymae", "N. mindanaoensis", "N. peltata", "N. rhombicaulis", and "N. saranganiensis". He also described "N. pyriformis", which was subsequently recognised as a natural hybrid by Charles Clarke. Other natural hybrids named by Kurata include "N. × ferrugineomarginata", "N. × kinabaluensis", and "N. × kuchingensis".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3803380
|
Bioculture is the combination of biological and cultural factors that affect human behavior. is an area of study bounded by the medical sciences, social sciences, landscape ecology, cultural anthropology, biotechnology, disability studies, the humanities, and the economic and global environment. Along these lines, one can see the biosphere — the earth as it is affected by the human — as the adaptation of the natural to the human and biocultures as the inter-adaptation of the human to the new technologies and ways of knowing characterized by the 21st century’s attitude toward the body. It assumes that in bioculture there's a diverse way to know the workings of the body and mind, and that these are primarily culturally derived, and an expert's way of knowing produces specific strong results. However the results do not have an exclusive purview over the body and mind. Plus it seeks to develop and encourage not only the experts but also parts of people's bodies and minds as the subject of study. An alternative definition of the term bioculture is all the practical aspects of the use of living things in culture, including agriculture, production of food and clothing, forestry, animal breeding and training, the pet trade, use of living things in science, zoos and aquariums, animal sports, and the raising of game for sport hunting.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3809916
|
Glasser effect The describes the creation of singularities in the flow field of a magnetically confined plasma when small resonant perturbations modify the gradient of the pressure field.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3810122
|
NGC 953 (also PGC 9586, UGC 1991, MCG 5-7-1, GWT GWT 504 104 or 505.1) is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Triangulum. It has an apparent magnitude of 14.5. It was discovered by the German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest on September 26, 1865.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3810269
|
Tyrocinium Chymicum was a published set of chemistry lecture notes started by Jean Beguin in 1610 in Paris, France. It has been cited as the first chemistry textbook (as opposed to that for alchemy). Many of the preparations were pharmaceutical in nature.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3811007
|
John Gater Dr is a British archaeological geophysicist who featured regularly on the Channel 4 archaeological television series "Time Team". He was educated at the University of Bradford and graduated with a BSc Archaeological Sciences in 1979. He worked with British Gas (for five years), the Ancient Monuments Laboratory (English Heritage) and Bradford University Research. In 1983 he became a member of the Institute of Field Archaeologists (CIfA) and is now also an associate editor for the "Journal of Archaeological Prospection". In 1986 he founded Geophysical Surveys of Bradford (GSB), an independent consultancy in geophysics for archaeology, which was later acquired by the SUMO Group in 2012. On 21 July 2006, Gater was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Bradford for his "distinguished contributions to the field of Archaeological Geophysics". On the DVD set "The Very Best Time Team Digs", Gater states that, as of the time of the DVD's production, his favourite dig was Turkdean (the only site where the quality of the archaeological data was so good that "Time Team" returned at a later date to dig it again).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3812997
|
Ignaz Venetz Ignaz (Ignace) Venetz (1788 — 1859) was a Swiss engineer, naturalist, and glaciologist; as one of the first scientists to recognize glaciers as a major force in shaping the earth, he played a leading role in the foundation of glaciology. Venetz was of a family long settled in the Valais, where he worked as cantonal engineer first for Valais and then for Vaud. As cantonal engineer he directed the ultimately unsuccessful attempt to drain the ice-dammed lake that had formed following the volcanic winter of 1816 high in the Val de Bagnes; the ice dam failed catastrophically on June 16, 1818. He worked primarily in the Valais canton area of the western Alps. In 1821 he completed the first draft of his work "Mémoire sur les Variations de la température dans les Alpes de la Suisse", suggesting that much of Europe had at one point in the past been covered by glaciers. The book was published in 1833 after additional research in the Swiss Alps, seven years before Louis Agassiz published his famous work "Étude sur les glaciers" (Study on Glaciers).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3820409
|
Colored fire is a common pyrotechnic effect used in stage productions, fireworks and by fire performers the world over. Generally, the color of a flame may be red, orange, blue, yellow, or white, and is dominated by blackbody radiation from soot and steam. When additional chemicals are added to the fuel burning, their atomic emission spectra can affect the frequencies of visible light radiation emitted - in other words, the flame appears in a different color dependent upon the chemical additives. Flame coloring is also a good way to demonstrate how fire changes when subjected to heat and how they also change the matter around them. To color their flames, pyrotechnicians will generally use metal salts. Specific combinations of fuels and co-solvents are required in order to dissolve the necessary chemicals. Color enhancers (usually chlorine donors) are frequently added too, the most common of which is polyvinyl chloride. A practical use of colored fire is the flame test, where metal cations are tested by placing the sample in a flame and analyzing the color produced. Emitted colors depend on the electronic configuration of the elements involved. Heat energy from the flame excites electrons to a higher quantum level, and the atoms emit characteristic colors (photons with energies corresponding to the visible spectrum) as they return to lower energy levels. Flame colorants are becoming popular whilst camping
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3821864
|
Colored fire Scouts and other outdoor "enthusiasts" have placed sections of copper pipe with holes drilled throughout and stuffed with garden hose onto campfires to create a variety of flame colors. An easier method of coloring campfires has been fueled by commercial products. These packages of flame colorants are tossed onto a campfire or into a fireplace to produce effects. Although these chemicals are very effective at imparting their color into an already existing flame, these substances are not flammable alone. To produce a powder or solid that, when lit, produces a colored flame, the necessary steps are more complex. To get a powder to burn satisfactorily, both a fuel and oxidizer will mostly be needed. Common oxidizers include. Many of these oxidizers also produce a colored flame by themselves. Some of them - as well as the main colorants - are severely toxic and therefore environmentally damaging.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3821864
|
Stilleite is a selenide mineral, zinc selenide, with the formula ZnSe. It has been found only as microscopic gray crystals occurring as inclusions in linnaeite associated with other selenide and sulfides. It was originally discovered in Katanga Province, Zaire in 1956 and is named for the German geologist, Hans Stille (1876–1966). It has been reported from the Santa Brigida mine, La Rioja Province, Argentina and from Tilkerode (Abberode) in the Harz Mountains, Germany. Associated minerals include pyrite, linnaeite, clausthalite, selenian vaesite, molybdenite and dolomite in the Shinkolobwe region of the Congo); and with tiemannite, clausthalite, eucairite, umangite, klockmannite in the Santa Brigida mine, Argentina.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3828080
|
Howard Alper , (born October 17, 1941) is a Canadian chemist. He is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Ottawa. He is best known for his research of catalysis in chemistry. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he received a Bachelor of Science from Sir George Williams University in 1963 and a Ph.D. from McGill University in 1967. In 1968, he started teaching at the State University of New York and became an Associate Professor in 1971. He joined the University of Ottawa in 1975 as an Associate Professor and was appointed a Professor in 1978, later being made a Distinguished University Professor in 2006. He was the Vice-President (Research) of the University of Ottawa from 1997–2006. From 2001 to 2003, he was the President of the Royal Society of Canada. Dr. Alper served as the Chair of Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation Council from 2007 to 2015, and as one of the two co-chairs of the InterAcademy Panel on International Issues from 2006 to 2013. Prof. is currently spearheading the initiative by the Governor General of Canada (Canadian Head of State) to enhance global recognition for Canadian research excellence. He is Chair of the Canvassing Committee for the initiative. He is also Distinguished University Professor at the University of Ottawa. The basic research Alper has been pursuing spans organic and inorganic chemistry, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, petrochemical, and commodity chemical industries. He was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1984
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3831752
|
Howard Alper In 1998, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was awarded the first Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering, Canada's highest research honour in the field. In 2014, he was made a Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3831752
|
Clinton A. J. Duffy (born c.1966) is a New Zealand marine scientist, who works in the Marine Conservation Unit of the Department of Conservation. Duffy is a shark expert, whose work includes the taxonomy and conservation status of New Zealand's deepwater dogfishes, attaching GPS wildlife tracking devices to great white sharks, and surveying basking sharks. He performed the public dissection of a great white shark at the Auckland Museum in 2009. Duffy has BSc and MSc degrees from the University of Canterbury.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3840032
|
Fermentek Ltd. is a biotechnological company in the Atarot industrial zone of Jerusalem, Israel. It specializes in the research, development and manufacture of biologically active, natural products isolated from microorganisms as well as from other natural sources such as plants and algae. The main microorganisms used are nonpathogenic actinomycetes, Nocardia and Streptomycetes. The fungi used are: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and the like. None of these is a human pathogen. does not sell to individuals. Most of its products are marketed through major international distributors specializing in chemicals, under their own brand names. Nevertheless, has specific impact on the biochemical market, especially in the field of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by molds in human food and farm animal feeds, thus being economically important factors. manufactures an extensive line of pure mycotoxins used as standards in food analysis. In some cases, such as Aflatoxin M2, supplies the entire world's requirements. In 2009 announced a product family of highly standardized calibrant solutions of main mycotoxins. These are marketed under the brand name FermaSol. In 2010 it obtained ISO 13485 accreditation in connection with the production of starting materials for experimental drug production, and with manufacturing of reference standards of food contaminants. None of Fermentek's products have been invented by it. Fermentek's aim is to make known compounds affordable to the scientific community
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3840121
|
Fermentek was founded by Dr Yosef Behrend in 1994. It moved in 2004 to its new building, quadrupling its working space and greatly enlarging its manufacturing capacities. operates fermentors from 10 to 15000 liters, filter presses and centrifuges of matching capacity. According to the company policy as declared at its official website, uses only the "Classical" biotechnology approach. This means that only genetically unmodified natural microbial strains are employed, and no attempt is made to achieve mutants, neither random nor targeted.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3840121
|
Vladimir Jurko Glaser (April 21, 1924 – January 22, 1984) was a Croatian theoretical physicist working on quantum field theory and the canonization of the analytic S-matrix. Glaser was born in Gorizia, Italy. He graduated physics from the University of Zagreb in 1949 and later was attending seminar of Werner Heisenberg (1951-52) at Göttingen. Based on work carried out in Göttingen under Heisenberg he received a doctorate degree from the University of Zagreb. Being a part of Heisenberg's group at Göttingen he later worked with many famous physicists such as Harry Lehmann, Wolfhart Zimmermann (on extensions of LSZ formalism) and Walter Thirring. From 1955 to 1957 he was head of the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb. In 1957 he found a permanent employment at the Department of Theoretical Physics of CERN, Geneva. He died in Geneva. In 1955, he published one of the first monographs on quantum electrodynamics, "Kovarijantna kvantna elektrodinamika" (in Croatian). With French physicists Jacques Bros and Henri Epstein he worked on setting up analyticity properties required for the use of dispersion relations in high energy collisions. Epstein, Glaser and Arthur Jaffe proved that (Wightman) quantum fields can necessarily have negative energy density values
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3842913
|
Vladimir Jurko Glaser Together with Henri Epstein, he found a new approach to renormalization theory called causal perturbation theory, where ultraviolet divergences are avoided in the calculation of Feynman diagrams by using mathematically well-defined quantities only.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3842913
|
NGC 2976 NGC 2976, located 1° 20′ southwest of M81, is an unbarred spiral galaxy, part of the M81 group. The inner structure contains many dark lanes and stellar condensations in its disk. The galaxy is sometimes classified as Sdp because its spiral arms are difficult to be traced. The bright inner part of this disk appears to have a defined edge. These distortions are results from the gravitational interactions with its neighbors. was discovered by William Herschel on November 8, 1801, and catalogued as H I.285.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3842957
|
Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula PbWO. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is dimorphous with the monoclinic form raspite. Lead tungstate crystals have the optical transparency of glass combined with much higher density (8.28 g/cm vs ~2.2 g/cm for fused silica). They are used as scintillators in particle physics because of their short radiation length (0.89 cm), low Molière radius (2.2 cm), quick scintillation response, and radiation hardness. Lead tungstate crystals are used in the Compact Muon Solenoid's electromagnetic calorimeter. It was first described in 1820 by August Breithaupt, who called it Scheelbleispath and then by François Sulpice Beudant in 1832, who called it scheelitine. In 1845, Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger coined the name stolzite for an occurrence in Krusne Hory (Erzgebirge), Czech Republic, naming it after Joseph Alexi Stolz of Teplice in Bohemia. It occurs in oxidized hydrothermal tungsten-lead ore deposits typically in association with raspite, cerussite, anglesite, pyromorphite and mimetite. Mellor, J. W. "A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry," Vol.11, Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1931, p. 792.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3850301
|
Acoustic holography is a method for estimating the sound field near a source by measuring acoustic parameters away from the source by means of an array of pressure and/or particle velocity transducers. The Measuring techniques included in acoustic holography are becoming increasingly popular in various fields, most notably those of transportation, vehicle and aircraft design, and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). The general idea of acoustic holography has led to different versions such as near-field acoustic holography (NAH) and statistically optimal near-field acoustic holography (SONAH). For audio rendition, the wave field synthesis is the most related procedure.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3852404
|
Robert Collett (2 December 1842 – 27 January 1913) was a Norwegian zoologist. Collett was director and curator of the Zoological Museum at University of Oslo. was born at Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the eldest child of Professor Peter Jonas Collett (1813–51) and Camilla Collett (1813–95). His maternal uncles included Oscar and Henrik Wergeland, and his paternal uncles included Peter Severin Steenstrup. He had three younger brothers, including the writer and historian, Alf Collett. He never married. He attended the Latin School in Lillehammer and was a fellow in zoology at the University of Oslo. From 1864 he was curator at the Zoological Museum in Oslo. In 1882 he became its director and was appointed professor in 1885. He worked with vertebrates, primarily fishes. He described many new species of fish, spiders and other organisms. A popular book "Norges pattedyr" written by him was on the mammals of Norway. This book was to influence Charles Elton to study the periodic fluctuations in animal populations. The work by Elton on animal fluctuations, particularly those of lemmings challenged the idea that there was a balance in nature. Collett is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of reptiles: "Ctenotus colletti" and "Pseudechis colletti".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3855453
|
CADPAC CADPAC, the Cambridge Analytic Derivatives Package, is a suite of programs for ab initio computational chemistry calculations. It has been developed by R. D. Amos with contributions from I. L. Alberts, J. S. Andrews, S. M. Colwell, N. C. Handy, D. Jayatilaka, P. J. Knowles, R. Kobayashi, K. E. Laidig, G. Laming, A. M. Lee, P. E. Maslen, C. W. Murray, J. E. Rice, E. D. Simandiras, A. J. Stone, M.-D. Su and D. J. Tozer. at Cambridge University since 1981. It is capable of molecular Hartree–Fock calculations, Møller–Plesset calculations, various other correlated calculations and density functional theory calculations.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3859517
|
Tiemannite is a mineral, mercury selenide, formula HgSe. It occurs in hydrothermal veins associated with other selenides, or other mercury minerals such as cinnabar, and often with calcite. Discovered in 1855 in Germany, it is named after Johann Carl Wilhelm Tiemann (1848–1899).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3862341
|
Allochem is a term introduced by Folk to describe the recognisable "grains" in carbonate rocks. Any fragment from around 0.5 mm upwards in size may be considered an allochem. Examples would include ooids, peloids, oncolites, pellets, fossil or pre-existing carbonate fragments. Fragments are still termed allochems if they have undergone chemical transformations – for example if an aragonite shell were to dissolve and be later replaced by calcite, the replacement would still be deemed an allochem. The allochems are typically embedded in a matrix of micrite (lime mud) or sparry calcite.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3865060
|
TORRO The Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO) was founded by Terence Meaden in 1974. Originally called the Tornado Research Organisation it was expanded in 1982 following the inclusion of the Thunderstorm Census Organisation (TCO) after the death of its founder Morris Bower and his wife. The current Head of is Paul Knightley, a professional meteorologist. comprises nearly 400 members in the United Kingdom and others from around the world, from amateurs to professional meteorologists, and almost 30 staff. maintains a large storm spotter network throughout the British Isles and collects and records reports of severe weather. carries out research on many aspects of severe weather including ball lightning, blizzards & heavy snowfall, coastal impacts, hailstorms, lightning impacts, tornadoes, thunderstorms, weather disasters, and weather & health. Tornadoes in the UK are classified using the T-scale. has also developed a hailstorm intensity scale. publishes the semi-professional periodical the "International Journal of Meteorology" (IJMet) which is composed of a mixture of academic and amateur articles. tornado watches and warnings are now released to the public via the forecast page, the forum, the Facebook page, and the UKweatherworld weather forum. Bi-annual conferences are held, usually in March and October. Details of the next conference can be found on the main website. At these, various presentations are given on all aspects of weather, especially severe weather
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3865206
|
TORRO In the Spring conference, the staff present annual reviews of the previous year's severe weather, and severe weather forecasts. These are also published in the IJMet.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3865206
|
Ice shove An ice shove, ice surge, ice heave, ivu, or shoreline ice pileup is a surge of ice from an ocean or large lake onto the shore. Ice shoves are caused by ocean currents, strong winds, or temperature differences pushing ice onto the shore, creating piles up to 12 metres (40 feet) high. Some have described them as 'ice tsunamis', but the phenomenon works like an iceberg. Witnesses have described the shove's sound as being like that of a train or thunder. Ice shoves can damage buildings and plants that are near to the body of water. Arctic communities can be affected by ice shoves.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3870948
|
Tellurobismuthite is a telluride mineral: bismuth telluride (BiTe). It crystallizes in the trigonal system. There are natural cleavage planes in the (0001) direction as the crystal is effectively lamellar (layered) in that plane. The Mohs hardness is 1.5 - 2 and the specific gravity is 7.815. It is a dull grey color, which exhibits a splendent luster on fresh cleavage planes. It was first described in 1815 and type localities include the Mosnap mine in Toke, Telemark, Norway; the Little Mildred mine, Sylvanite District, Hidalgo County, New Mexico and the Boly Field Mine, Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia. It occurs in low sulfur hydrothermal gold-quartz veins and occurs with native gold, native bismuth, gold tellurides, tetradymite, altaite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3872482
|
NGC 3077 is a small disrupted elliptical galaxy, a member of the M81 Group, which is located in the northern constellation Ursa Major. Despite looking much like an elliptical galaxy, it is peculiar for two reasons. First, it shows wispy edges and scattered dust clouds that are probably a result of gravitational interaction with its larger neighbors, similar to the galaxy M82. Second, this galaxy has an active nucleus. This caused Carl Seyfert in 1943 to include it in his list of galaxies, which are now called Seyfert Galaxies. However, NGC 3077, though an emission line galaxy, is today no longer classified as a Seyfert galaxy. was discovered by William Herschel on November 8, 1801. He remarked that "On the nF (NE) side, there is a faint ray interrupting the roundness." Admiral Smyth described it as "A bright-class round nebula; it is a lucid white, and lights up in the centre ... between these [stars,] the sky is intensely black, and shows the nebula as if floating in awful and illimitable space, at an inconceivable distance." At least two techniques have been used to measure distances to NGC 3077. The surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) distance measurement technique estimates distances to spiral galaxies based on the graininess of the appearance of their bulges. The distance measured to using this technique is 13.2 ± 0.8 Mly (4.0 ± 0.2 Mpc). However, is close enough that the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method may be used to estimate its distance. The estimated distance to using this technique is 12.5 ± 1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3876919
|
NGC 3077 2 Mly (3.82 ± 0.38 Mpc). Averaged together, these distance measurements give a distance estimate of 12.8 ± 0.7 Mly (3.9 ± 0.3 Mpc).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3876919
|
Physical coefficient A physical coefficient is an important number that characterizes some physical property of a technical or scientific object. A coefficient also has a scientific reference which is the reliance on force. To find the coefficient of a chemical compound, you must balance the elements involved in it. For example, water: HO. It just so happens that hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are both diatomic molecules, thus we have H and O. To form water, one of the O atoms breaks off from the O molecule and react with the H compound to form HO. But, there is one oxygen atom left. It reacts with another H molecule. Since it took two of each atom to balance the compound, we put the coefficient 2 in front of HO: 2 HO. The total reaction is thus 2 H + O → 2 HO.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3880390
|
Eicosameric refers to biological polymers or multimers having exactly twenty 'monomers' (or 20 repeating components). Protein complexes having exactly 20 subunits are referred to as eicosameric (or sometimes 20-Meric). Examples of eicosameric protein complexes include;
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3884618
|
Etar Snowfield (, ) is a roughly crescent-shaped snowfield on western Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated west of Urdoviza, Medven and Berkovitsa Glaciers, northwest of Verila Glacier, east of Ivanov Beach and south of Gerlovo Beach. It drains the west slopes of Oryahovo Heights and the north slopes of Rotch Dome, and flows into Barclay Bay between Mercury Bluff and Rowe Point. The feature extends inland, and in south-southwest to north-northeast direction. The glacier was named after the settlement of Etar in the central Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. The snowfield is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005, 2009 and 2017.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3890148
|
Dewcell Dewcells, dewcels or dew cell are instruments used for determining the dew point. They consist of a small heating element surrounded by a solution of lithium chloride. As the LiCl absorbs moisture from the air, conduction across the heating element increases, current in it increases, and heat increases, evaporating moisture from the salt solution. At a certain temperature the amount of moisture absorbed by the salt solution equals the amount evaporated (equilibrium). Inside the dewcell core a thermistor composite (or other temperature measurement device) changes electrical resistance with the temperature created by the heating. A front end processor provides a reference voltage, measures the output of the network, and calculates the dew point.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3893638
|
Ruen Icefall The (, ) on Rozhen Peninsula in eastern Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated south of Huntress Glacier, northwest of Prespa Glacier and northeast of Peshtera and Charity Glaciers. It descends towards False Bay from the circus overlooked by Simeon Peak, St. Cyril Peak and St. Methodius Peak in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains. Ruen is the summit of Osogovo Mountain in south-western Bulgaria. The icefall is centered at , which is 2 km north-northwest of St. Methodius Peak, 3.43 km east-northeast of Ogosta Point, and 4.39 km southeast of Napier Peak on Hurd Peninsula (UK Directorate of Overseas Surveys mapping in 1968, Spanish in 1991 and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3897751
|
Saedinenie Snowfield (, ) on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated southwest of Rose Valley Glacier, west of Panega Glacier, northwest of Kaliakra Glacier, north of lower Perunika Glacier and east-northeast of Tundzha Glacier. It is bounded by Teres Ridge to the west, the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait to the south, Gleaner Heights, Elhovo Gap and Leslie Hill to the southeast, and Leslie Gap and Vidin Heights to the east. The snowfield extends 4.7 km inland and 15.5 km in southwest-northeast direction, and drains into Hero Bay between Melta Point and Slab Point. A survey bivouac in eastern near Leslie Hill was occupied 24–28 December 2004. The feature was named after the Bulgarian town of Saedinenie ('Reunification'), in association with the 120th anniversary of the Reunification of the Principality of Bulgaria and the province of Eastern Rumelia in 1885. This is one of the Bulgarian names bestowed on hitherto nameless geographical features by the Tangra 2004/05 Expedition. The snowfield is centred at (Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2005 and 2009).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3897785
|
Frostwork In geology, frostwork is a type of speleothem (cave formation) with acicular ("needle-like") growths almost always composed of aragonite (a polymorph of calcite) or calcite replaced aragonite. It is a variety of anthodite. In some caves frostwork may grow on top of cave popcorn or boxwork. In architecture frost-work or frostwork refers to a style of rustication carved with a vertically-oriented pattern evoking hanging pond-weed or algae, or icicles. It is mainly found in garden architecture, where water is to flow over or near the surface. Other decorative arts may use the term for other decorative patterns imitating frost or ice. The origin of frostwork is somewhat controversial. Formation of cave frostwork has been attributed to moist, circulating air which, containing dissolved calcium carbonate, drifted against rock surfaces and coated them with the delicate crystals. has also been attributed to water seepage from cave passageways in which there are relatively high evaporation rates. Notable frostwork deposits are found in a number of caves in the Black Hills region of South Dakota, US, most notable in Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument and Timpanogos Cave in Utah. Perhaps the most extensive displays known are found in Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, US.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3898328
|
Tarnovo Ice Piedmont (, ) is an ice piedmont on Rozhen Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is situated southeast of Charity Glacier and west-southwest of Prespa Glacier. It extends 3.5 km in east-west direction and 2.5 km in north-south direction, is bounded to the west by Veleka Ridge, to the north by Arda Peak, Gerov Pass and Shumen Peak, and to the east by Yambol Peak, and flows southeastwards into Bransfield Strait east of Botev Point and west of Gela Point. The feature is named after the city of Tarnovo (Veliko Tarnovo) in northern Bulgaria, the capital of the medieval Second Bulgarian Empire. The midpoint is located at (UK Directorate of Overseas Surveys mapping in 1968, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009).
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3899159
|
Animal (book) Animal is a non-fiction coffee table book edited by David Burnie, who was the main-editor, and several co-authors. The full title of the book is: Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to The World's WildLife. The 624-page book was published by Dorling Kindersley in 2001. The book is printed in full gloss paper and has numerous, full-color pictures. The book is divided into several separate sections, each covering either a specific topic or a class of animals such as mammals or reptiles. The introduction deals with how animals are classified. It also touches on animal behaviour and life cycles. Later content delves into the habitats of animals and how they live in them, Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish, and Invertebrates. Egg-laying mammals Short-beaked Echidna Eastern Long-beaked Echidna Duck-billed Platypus Marsupials Common Mouse Opossum Virginia Opossum Water Opossum Black-shouldered Opossum Long-clawed Marsupial Mouse Inland Ningaui Fat-tailed Dunnart Kultarr Fat-tailed False Antechinus Dibbler Kowari Eastern Quoll Crest-tailed Mulgara Tasmanian Devil Numbat Eastern Barred Bandicoot Common Echymipera Greater Bilby Southern Marsupial Mole Koala Common Wombat Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat Common Brush-tailed Possum Northern Common Cuscus Leadbeater's Possum Squirrel Glider Striped Possum Lemuroid Ringtail Possum Common Ringtail Greater Glider Little Pygmy-possum Pygmy Glider Musky Rat-kangaroo Long-footed Potoroo Feather-tailed Possum Red Kangaroo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3902606
|
Ishikawa Chiyomatsu Ishikawa Chiyomatsu
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3903789
|
Radiation flux is a measure of the amount of radiation received by an object from a given source. This can be any type of radiation, including electromagnetic, sound, and particles from a radioactive source. Φ = is the radiation flux, L is the luminosity, or total power output of the source, and r is the distance from the radiation source. The units of radiation flux are W·m, or kg·s. density is a related measure that takes into account the area the radiation flux passes through, and is defined as the flux divided by the area it passes through. The density is also known as Intensity where I =
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3909371
|
David White (geologist) Charles David White (July 1, 1862 – February 7, 1935), who normally went by his middle name, was an American geologist, born in Palmyra, New York. He graduated from Cornell University in 1886, and in 1889 became a member of the United States Geological Survey. Eventually, he rose to be chief geologist. In 1903 he became an associate curator of paleobotany at the Smithsonian Institution. He wrote numerous papers on geological and paleontological subjects. The David White House, his home for 15 years, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. He made one of the most comprehensive studies on the Glossopteris Flora, the main component of the fossil deposits of mineral coal in Brazil. David White won the Thompson Medal in 1931 and the Walcott Medal in 1934. He was president of the Geological Society of America in 1923. He "himself considered that his structure-carbon ratio for the occurrence of oil and gas was his greatest scientific achievement."
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3912555
|
Zhanghengite is a mineral consisting of 80% copper and zinc, 10% iron with the balance made up of chromium and aluminium. Its color is golden yellow. It was discovered in 1986 during the analysis of the Bo Xian meteorite and is named after Zhang Heng, an ancient Chinese astronomer.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3918423
|
Zhemchuzhnikovite is an oxalate mineral of organic origin; formula NaMg(FeAl)CO·8HO. It forms smokey green crystals with a vitreous lustre and is found in Russian coal mines. It is named after Yury Zhemchuzhnikov (1885–1957), a Russian clay mineralogist.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3918543
|
National Weather Digest is a scientific journal published quarterly by the National Weather Association and is devoted to peer-reviewed articles, technical notes, correspondence, and official news of the Association.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3928903
|
Balkan Snowfield (Plato Balkan \'pla-to bal-'kan\) is an ice-covered plateau of elevation ranging from 150 to 280 m in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, situated south of lower Perunika Glacier, northwest of Huntress Glacier and north of Contell Glacier. It is 3 km long in southwest-northeast direction and 2 km wide, and bounded by Burdick Ridge to the east, Willan Nunatak and Castillo Nunatak to the southeast, and Krum Rock to the southwest. The feature slopes gently northwestwards with its foot bounded by the hills along Bulgarian Beach. It is named after the Balkans. The midpoint of the snowfield is located at . Detailed mapping by the Spanish Servicio Geográfico del Ejército in 1991, and Bulgarian mapping in 1996, 2004 and 2009.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3931657
|
SETI@home beta SETI@home beta, using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform, is a test environment for the following future projects:
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3932501
|
S. Cofré is or was a Chilean astronomer of the University of Chile, and co-discoverer of 11 minor planets together with Chilean astronomer Carlos Torres from the Cerro El Roble astronomical observatory, Chile, in 1968. One of her co-discoveries is the 10-kilometer sized inner main-belt asteroid and member of the Eos family, 1992 Galvarino, named for the 16th century Mapuche warrior.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3933830
|
Ziesite is a copper vanadate mineral with formula: β-CuVO. It was discovered in 1980 as monoclinic crystals occurring as volcanic sublimates around fumaroles in the crater of the Izalco Volcano, El Salvador. It is named after Emanuel George Zies (1883–1981), an American geochemist who studied Izalco in the 1930s. Closely related is blossite, also a copper vanadate with formula of α-CuVO. It forms orthorhombic crystals. Blossite was also first described for specimens from the Izalco volcano. and blossite are polymorphs, different crystal structure for the same chemical composition and are quite similar in physical properties. Associated minerals include stoiberite, shcherbinaite, bannermanite, fingerite, mcbirneyite, blossite, chalcocyanite and chalcanthite.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3942812
|
Polycyclic compound In the field of organic chemistry, a polycyclic compound is an organic compound featuring several closed rings of atoms, primarily carbon. These ring substructures include cycloalkanes, aromatics, and other ring types. They come in sizes of three atoms and upward, and in combinations of linkages that include tethering (such as in biaryls), fusing (edge-to-edge, such as in anthracene and steroids), links via a single atom (such as in spiro compounds), bridged compounds, and longifolene. Though poly- literally means "many", there is some latitude in determining how many rings are required to be considered polycyclic; many smaller rings are described by specific prefixes (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, etc.), and so while it can refer to these, the title term is used with most specificity when these alternative names and prefixes are unavailable. In general, the term polycyclic includes polycyclic aromatic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as heterocyclic aromatic compounds with multiple rings (where heteroaromatic compounds are aromatic compounds that contain sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or another non-carbon atoms in their rings in addition to carbon). There exists a scheme for naming polycyclic compounds using square brackets [] and numbers. (See Cycloalkane#Nomenclature, Bicyclic molecule#Nomenclature.) [none]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3949132
|
Peixoto's theorem In the theory of dynamical systems, Peixoto theorem, proved by Maurício Peixoto, states that among all smooth flows on surfaces, i.e. compact two-dimensional manifolds, structurally stable systems may be characterized by the following properties: Moreover, they form an open set in the space of all flows endowed with "C" topology.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3949356
|
A. Morley Davies Arthur Morley Davies (1869-1959) was a British palaeontologist and author or co-author of a number of books on the subject. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and Reader in Palaeontology at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London. Awarded the Lyell Medal in 1929. Davies was a critic of creationism. His book "Evolution: And Its Modern Critics" was a reply to the arguments of creationists such as Douglas Dewar.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3950475
|
Mount Lemmon Survey (MLS) is a part of the Catalina Sky Survey with observatory code G96. MLS uses a cassegrain reflector telescope (with 10560x10560-pixel camera at the f/1.6 prime focus, for a five square degree field of view) operated by the Steward Observatory at Mount Lemmon Observatory, which is located at in the Santa Catalina Mountains northeast of Tucson, Arizona. It is currently one of the most prolific surveys worldwide, especially for discovering near-Earth objects. MLS ranks among the top discoverers on the Minor Planet Center's discovery chart with a total of more than 50,000 numbered minor planets. Andrea Boattini and the survey accidentally rediscovered 206P/Barnard-Boattini, a lost comet, on 7 October 2008. The comet has made 20 revolutions since 1892 and passed within 0.3–0.4 AU of Jupiter in 1922, 1934 and 2005. This comet was also the first comet to be discovered by photographic means, by the American astronomer Edward Emerson Barnard, who did so on the night of 13 October 1892. On 12 January 2008, discovered 2008 AO112 at an apparent magnitude of 21 using a reflecting telescope.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3953598
|
Weather warfare is the use of weather modification techniques such as cloud seeding for military purposes. Prior to the Environmental Modification Convention signed in Geneva in 1977, the United States used weather warfare in the Vietnam War. Under the auspices of the Air Weather Service, the United States' Operation Popeye used cloud seeding over the Ho Chi Minh trail, increasing rainfall by an estimated thirty percent during 1967 and 1968. It was hoped that the increased rainfall would reduce the rate of infiltration down the trail. With much less success, the United States also dropped salt on the airbase during the siege of Khe Sanh in an attempt to reduce the fog that hindered air operations. A research paper produced for the United States Air Force written in 1996 speculates about the future use of nanotechnology to produce "artificial weather", clouds of microscopic computer particles all communicating with each other to form an intelligent fog that could be used for various purposes. "Artificial weather technologies do not currently exist. But as they are developed, the importance of their potential applications rises rapidly." Weather modification technologies are described in an unclassified academic paper written by air force officer-cadet students as "a force multiplier with tremendous power that could be exploited across the full spectrum of war-fighting environments
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3955475
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.