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Juche On this view, attempts at self-sufficiency led to inefficiency and to the neglect of export opportunities in industries where there was a comparative advantage. In "On the Idea", Kim Jong-il stated: "Self-reliance in defense is a fundamental principle of an independent sovereign state". He stated that it was poss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche While the influence of traditional East Asian religions on "Juche" is widely disputed, the ideology has been thought of by several academic studies as having aspects of a national and indigenous religious movement in addition to being a political philosophy due to the following features: the presence of a sacred ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche The concept of the "Sacred leader" in "Juche" as well as the cult around the Kim family has been compared to the State Shinto ideology of Imperial Japan in which the Emperor was seen as a divine being. Through the fundamental belief in the essential role of the Great Leader, the former North Korean leader Kim Il-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche All components of the festival, from the selection of performers, mobilization of resources, recruitment of the audience and publicity for the show have been compared to facets of a national religious event. The Arirang Festival has been described to demonstrate the power of the North Korean government to arrange... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche With the emergence of "Juche" as North Korea's guiding political principle since the 1960s, the familial relationship within the micro-family unit has been translated into a national, macro-unit with Kim Il-sung representing the father figure and the North Korean people representing his children. "Juche" is thus ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche Through the establishment of the North Korean family romance with the language, symbols and rituals related to familism, Kim Il Sung has been consecrated even further posthumously as the Great Father. Throughout the 1990s, the North Korean regime became increasingly nationalistic—at least, in its official pronoun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Juche He concluded that North Korea may look "Stalinist in form", but that it was "nationalist in content". Brian Reynolds Myers dismisses the idea that "Juche" is North Korea's leading ideology, regarding its public exaltation as designed to deceive foreigners. He argues that it exists to be praised and not actually r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=225153 |
Methodological individualism In the social sciences, methodological individualism is the principle that subjective individual motivation explains social phenomena, rather than class or group dynamics which are (according to proponents of individualistic principles) illusory or artificial and therefore cannot truly expl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227569 |
Methodological individualism However, stability and uniqueness can be achieved if aggregate variables are added, and as a result he argued "the idea that we should start at the level of the isolated individual is one which we may well have to abandon". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227569 |
Economic equilibrium In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. For example, in the standard text perfect competition, equilibrium occurs at th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Demand is chosen to maximize utility given the market price: no one on the demand side has any incentive to demand more or less at the prevailing price. Likewise supply is determined by firms maximizing their profits at the market price: no firm will want to supply any more or less at the equilibri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions. For example, an increase in supply will disrupt the equilibrium, leading to lower prices. Eventually, a new equilibrium will be attained in most markets. Then, there will be no change in price or the amount of output bought... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Cournot assumed that each firm chooses its own output to maximize its profits given the output of the other firm. The Nash equilibrium occurs when both firms are producing the outputs which maximize their own profit given the output of the other firm. In terms of the equilibrium properties, we can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium As Dixon argues: ""The crucial weakness is that, at each step, the firms behave myopically: they choose their output to maximize their current profits given the output of the other firm, but ignore the fact that the process specifies that the other firm will adjust its output"...". There are other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Similarly, in an unfettered market, any excess demand (or shortage) would lead to "price increases", reducing the quantity demanded (as customers are priced out of the market) and increasing in the quantity supplied (as the incentive to produce and sell a product rises). As before, the disequilibri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium An example may be: In the diagram, depicting simple set of supply and demand curves, the quantity demanded and supplied at price P are equal. At any price above P supply exceeds demand, while at a price below P the quantity demanded exceeds that supplied. In other words, prices where demand and sup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium This increase in demand would have the effect of shifting the demand curve rightward. The result is a change in the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded. In this case we see that the two now equal each other at an increased price of $6.00. Note that a decrease in disposable inc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Whereas in a static equilibrium all quantities have unchanging values, in a dynamic equilibrium various quantities may all be growing at the same rate, leaving their ratios unchanging. For example, in the neoclassical growth model, the working population is growing at a rate which is exogenous (det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
Economic equilibrium Disequilibrium can occur extremely briefly or over an extended period of time. Typically in financial markets it either never occurs or only momentarily occurs, because trading takes place continuously and the prices of financial assets can adjust instantaneously with each trade to equilibrate supp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227572 |
World economy The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans of the world, considered as the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary units of account. In some contexts, the two terms are distinct "international" or "global economy" being measured separately and disti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227630 |
World economy However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of this market into a single unit for the world economy since exchange rates typically do not closely r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227630 |
World economy Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold. The following two tables list the 25 largest economies by GDP (nominal), twenty largest economies by GDP (PPP) as of 2019. Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold. The following is a list of the twenty largest economies by nominal GDP at peak value ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=227630 |
Just price The just price is a theory of ethics in economics that attempts to set standards of fairness in transactions. With intellectual roots in ancient Greek philosophy, it was advanced by Thomas Aquinas based on an argument against usury, which in his time referred to the making of any rate of interest on loans. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230730 |
Just price Hence, he condoned moderate gain as payment even for unnecessary trade, provided the price were regulated and kept within certain bounds: In Aquinas' time, most products were sold by the immediate producers (i.e. farmers and craftspeople), and wage-labor and banking were still in their infancy. The role of m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230730 |
Just price " Other historians and sociologists have uncovered the same phenomenon in variety of other situations including peasants riots in continental Europe during the nineteenth century and in many developing countries in the twentieth. The political scientist James C. Scott, for example, showed how this ideology c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230730 |
Cost-of-production theory of value In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it. The cost can comprise any of the factors of production (including labor, capital, or land) and ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230735 |
Cost-of-production theory of value ) David Ricardo mixed this cost-of-production theory of prices with the labor theory of value, as that latter theory was understood by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and others. This is the theory that prices tend toward proportionality to the socially necessary labor embodied in a commodity. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230735 |
Cost-of-production theory of value The Polish economist Michał Kalecki distinguished between sectors with "cost-determined prices" (such as manufacturing and services) and those with "demand-determined prices" (such as agriculture and raw material extraction). Market price is a familiar economic concept: it is the pric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230735 |
Cost-of-production theory of value Since that time, it has been most often associated with Marxian economics, while among modern mainstream economists it is considered to be superseded by the marginal utility approach. Taxes and subsidies change the price of goods and services. A marginal tax on the sellers of a good w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=230735 |
Demographic transition In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high infant death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Notestein developed a more formal theory of demographic transition. By 2009, the existence of a negative correlation between fertility and industrial development had become one of the most widely accepted findings in social science. The transition involves four stages, or possibly five. As with a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Emigration depressed death rates in some special cases (for example, Europe and particularly the Eastern United States during the 19th century), but, overall, death rates tended to match birth rates, often exceeding 40 per 1000 per year. Children contributed to the economy of the household from a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition According to Edward, Revocatus. (2016) This is the earlier stage of demographic transition in the world and also characterized by primary activities such as small fishing activities, farming practices, pastoralism and petty businesses. This stage leads to a fall in death rates and an increase in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition In this stage of DT, countries are vulnerable to become failed states in the absence of progressive governments. Another characteristic of Stage Two of the demographic transition is a change in the age structure of the population. In Stage One, the majority of deaths are concentrated in the first... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Several fertility factors contribute to this eventual decline, and are generally similar to those associated with sub-replacement fertility, although some are speculative: The resulting changes in the age structure of the population include a decline in the youth dependency ratio and eventually p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition This occurs where birth and death rates are both low, leading to a total population stability. Death rates are low for a number of reasons, primarily lower rates of diseases and higher production of food. The birth rate is low because people have more opportunities to choose if they want children... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Population aging and population decline may eventually occur, assuming that the fertility rate does not change and sustained mass immigration does not occur. In an article in the August 2009 issue of "Nature", Myrskylä, Kohler and Francesco Billari argue that the previously negative relationship ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Part of the "cultural selection" hypothesis is that the variance in birthrate between cultures is significant; for example, some religious cultures have a higher birthrate that isn't accounted for by differences in income. Jane Falkingham of Southampton University has noted that "We've actually g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Over time, as individuals with increased survival rates age, there may also be an increase in the number of older children, teenagers, and young adults. This implies that there is an increase in the fertile population proportion which, with constant fertility rates, may lead to an increase in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition A major factor was the sharp decline in the death rate due to infectious diseases, which has fallen from about 11 per 1,000 to less than 1 per 1,000. By contrast, the death rate from other causes was 12 per 1,000 in 1850 and has not declined markedly. The agricultural revolution and the developme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition France's demographic transition was unusual in that the mortality and the natality decreased at the same time, thus there was no demographic boom in the 19th century. France's demographic profile is similar to its European neighbors and to developed countries in general, yet it seems to be stavin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition The varying demographic evolution regions can be analyzed though the filter of several parameters, including residential facilities, economic growth, and urban dynamism, which yield several distinct regional profiles. The distribution of the French population therefore seems increasingly defined ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition The transition sequence entailed the establishment of an effective, typically authoritarian, system of local administration, providing a framework for promotion and service delivery in health, education, and family planning. Subsequent economic liberalization offered new opportunities for upward ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Landlordism collapsed in the wake of de-colonization, and the consequent reduction in inequality accelerated human and physical capital accumulation, hence leading to growth in South Korea. Campbell has studied the demography of 19th-century Madagascar in the light of demographic transition theor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Infertility and infant mortality, which were probably more significant influences on overall population levels than the adult mortality rate, increased from 1820 due to disease, malnutrition, and stress, all of which stemmed from state forced labor policies. Available estimates indicate little if... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Though fertility rates rebounded initially and almost reached 7 children/woman in the mid-1920s, they were depressed by the 1931–33 famine, crashed due to the Second World War in 1941, and only rebounded to a sustained level of 3 children/woman after the war. By 1970 Russia was firmly in stage fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition A sixfold increase in real wages made children more expensive in terms of forgone opportunities to work and increases in agricultural productivity reduced rural demand for labor, a substantial portion of which traditionally had been performed by children in farm families. A simplification of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Sparsely populated interior of the country allowed ample room to accommodate all the "excess" people, counteracting mechanisms (spread of communicable diseases due to overcrowding, low real wages and insufficient calories per capita due to the limited amount of available agricultural land) which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition It is not applicable for high levels of development, as it has been shown that after a HDI of 0.9 the fertility increases again. DTM does not account for recent phenomena such as AIDS; in these areas HIV has become the leading source of mortality. Some trends in waterborne bacterial infant mortal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition Nevertheless, the demographer John C Caldwell has suggested that the reason for the rapid decline in fertility in some developing countries compared to Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand is mainly due to government programs and a massive investment in education b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Demographic transition In 2015, Nicholas Eberstadt, political economist at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, described the Second Demographic Transition as one in which "long, stable marriages are out, and divorce or separation are in, along with serial cohabitation and increasingly contingent liaisons." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231079 |
Jean Baudrillard ( , , ; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist, philosopher and cultural theorist. He is best known for his analyses of media, contemporary culture, and technological communication, as well as his formulation of concepts such as simulation and hyperreality. He wrote about diverse subject... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard While teaching German, Baudrillard began to transfer to sociology, eventually completing and publishing in 1968 his doctoral thesis "Le Système des Objets" ("The System of Objects") under the dissertation committee of Henri Lefebvre, Roland Barthes, and Pierre Bourdieu. Subsequently, he began teaching ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard During the 1980s and 1990s his books had gained a wide audience, and in his last years he became, to an extent, an intellectual celebrity, being published often in the French- and English-speaking popular press. He nonetheless continued supporting the Institut de Recherche sur l'Innovation Sociale at t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Baudrillard thought, as do many post-structuralists, that meaning is brought about through "systems" of signs working together. Following on from the structuralist linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, Baudrillard argued that meaning (value) is created through difference—through what something is not (so "do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard In Baudrillard's view, the (human) subject may try to understand the (non-human) object, but because the object can only be understood according to what it signifies (and because the process of signification immediately involves a web of other signs from which it is distinguished) this never produces t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Because the "global" world operates at the level of the exchange of signs and commodities, it becomes ever more blind to "symbolic" acts such as, for example, terrorism. In Baudrillard's work the symbolic realm (which he develops a perspective on through the anthropological work of Marcel Mauss and Geo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Baudrillard thought that both Marx's and Adam Smith's economic thought accepted the idea of genuine needs relating to genuine uses too easily and too simply. Baudrillard argued, drawing from Georges Bataille, that needs are constructed, rather than innate. He stressed that all purchases, because they a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Although retaining his interest in Saussurean semiotics and the logic of symbolic exchange (as influenced by anthropologist Marcel Mauss), Baudrillard turned his attention to the work of Marshall McLuhan, developing ideas about how the nature of social relations is determined by the forms of communicat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, one of Baudrillard's most common themes was historicity, or, more specifically, how present-day societies utilise the notions of progress and modernity in their political choices. He argued, much like the political theorist Francis Fukuyama, that history had ended or "va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard In making this argument Baudrillard found some affinity with the postmodern philosophy of Jean-François Lyotard, who argued that in the late 20th century there was no longer any room for "metanarratives." (The triumph of a coming communism being one such metanarrative.) But, in addition to simply lamen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard " This involves the notion of "escape velocity" as outlined in "The Vital Illusion" (2000), which in turn, results in the postmodern "fallacy of escape velocity" on which the postmodern mind and critical view cannot, by definition, ever truly break free from the all-encompassing "self-referential" sphe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard " Accordingly, Saddam Hussein was not fighting the Coalition, but using the lives of his soldiers as a form of sacrifice to preserve his power. The Coalition fighting the Iraqi military was merely dropping 10,000 tonnes of bombs daily, as if proving to themselves that there was an enemy to fight. So, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Sympathetic commentators such as William Merrin, in his book "Baudrillard and the Media", have argued that Baudrillard was more concerned with the West's technological and political dominance and the globalization of its commercial interests, and what that means for the present possibility of war. Merr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Žižek, however, countered that accusation to Wolin's analysis as a form of intellectual barbarism in the journal "Critical Inquiry", saying that Wolin failed to see the difference between fantasising about an event and stating that one is deserving of that event. Merrin (in "Baudrillard and the Media")... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard Baudrillard decried the "cynicism" with which contemporary businesses openly state their business models. For example, he cited French television channel TF1 executive Patrick Le Lay who stated that his business' job was "to help Coca-Cola sell its products." Baudrillard lamented that such honesty pre-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard " This criticism of the West carried notes of Baudrillard's simulacrum, the above cynicism of business, and contrast between Muslim and Western societies: "We [the West] throw this indifference and abjection at others like a challenge: the challenge to defile themselves in return, to deny their values,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Jean Baudrillard " Thereby Merrin has argued that Baudrillard's position on semiotic analysis of meaning denies himself his own position on symbolic exchange. Merrin, therefore, alludes to the common criticism of structuralist and post-structuralist work (a criticism not dissimilar in either Baudrillard, Foucault, or D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=231187 |
Knowledge economy The knowledge economy (or the knowledge-based economy) is the use of knowledge to create goods and services. In particular, it refers to a high portion of skilled workers in the economy of a locality, country, or the world, and the idea that most jobs require specialized skills. In particular, the mai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Knowledge economy The term "knowledge economy" was made famous by Peter Drucker as the title of Chapter 12 in his book "The Age of Discontinuity" (1969), that Drucker attributed to economist Fritz Machlup, originating in the idea of scientific management developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. A key concept of the knowl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Knowledge economy Thus far, the developed world has transitioned from an agricultural economy (pre-Industrial Age, largely the agrarian sector) to industrial economy (with the Industrial Age, largely the manufacturing sector) to post-industrial/mass production economy (mid-1900s, largely the service sector) to knowledg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Knowledge economy Consequently, the technical STEM careers including computer scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, mathematicians, and scientific inventors will see continuous demand in years to come. Additionally, well-situated clusters, which Michael Porter argues is vital in global economies, connect locally... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Knowledge economy Many other cities and regions try to follow a knowledge-driven development paradigm and increase their knowledge base by investing in higher education and research institutions in order to attract high skilled labor and better position themselves in the global competition. Yet, despite digital tools d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Knowledge economy The United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development report (UNCSTD, 1997) concluded that for developing countries to successfully integrate ICTs and sustainable development in order to participate in the knowledge economy they need to intervene collectively and strategically. Such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=232462 |
Diogenes ( ; ), also known as the Cynic (, ), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea, in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC. was a controversial figure. His father minted coins for a living, and was banished from Sinope when... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes was also noted for having mocked Alexander the Great, both in public and to his face when he visited Corinth in 336 BC. was captured by pirates and sold into slavery, eventually settling in Corinth. There he passed his philosophy of Cynicism to Crates, who taught it to Zeno of Citium, who fashioned it into the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes Sinope was being disputed between pro-Persian and pro-Greek factions in the 4th century, and there may have been political rather than financial motives behind the act. According to one story, went to the Oracle at Delphi to ask for her advice and was told that he should "deface the currency". Following the de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes " became Antisthenes' pupil, despite the brutality with which he was initially received. Whether the two ever really met is still uncertain, but he surpassed his master in both reputation and the austerity of his life. He considered his avoidance of earthly pleasures a contrast to and commentary on contemporar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes According to Laërtius, when Plato gave the tongue-in-cheek definition of man as "featherless bipeds," plucked a chicken and brought it into Plato's Academy, saying, "Behold! I've brought you a man," and so the Academy added "with broad flat nails" to the definition. According to a story which seems to have ori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes Although most of the stories about his living in a jar are located in Athens, there are some accounts of his living in a jar near the Craneum gymnasium in Corinth: A report that Philip was marching on the town had thrown all Corinth into a bustle; one was furbishing his arms, another wheeling stones, a third p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes explained, "I am searching for the bones of your father but cannot distinguish them from those of a slave." There are conflicting accounts of Diogenes' death. His contemporaries alleged he had held his breath until he expired; although other accounts of his death say he had become ill from eating raw octopus; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes maintained that all the artificial growths of society were incompatible with happiness and that morality implies a return to the simplicity of nature. So great was his austerity and simplicity that the Stoics would later claim him to be a wise man or "sophos". In his words, "Humans have complicated every simpl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes He even rejected normal ideas about human decency. is said to have eaten in the marketplace, urinated on some people who insulted him, defecated in the theatre, and masturbated in public. When asked about his eating in public he said, "If taking breakfast is nothing out of place, then it is nothing out of plac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes stated that "other dogs bite their enemies, I bite my friends to save them." The term "cynic" itself derives from the Greek word κυνικός, "kynikos", "dog-like" and that from κύων, "kyôn", "dog" (genitive: "kynos"). One explanation offered in ancient times for why the Cynics were called "dogs" was that Antisthe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes is discussed in a 1983 book by German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk (English language publication in 1987). In Sloterdijk's "Critique of Cynical Reason", is used as an example of Sloterdijk's idea of the "kynical" – in which personal degradation is used for purposes of community comment or censure. Calling the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes The interview between and Alexander is represented in an ancient marble bas-relief found in the Villa Albani. Among artists who have painted the famous encounter of with Alexander, there are works by de Crayer, de Vos, Assereto, Langetti, Sevin, Sebastiano Ricci, Gandolfi, , Abildgaard, Monsiau, Martin, and Da... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes 6"; William Blake's "The Marriage of Heaven and Hell"; François Rabelais' "Gargantua and Pantagruel"; Goethe's poem "Genialisch Treiben"; Denis Diderot's philosophical novella "Rameau's Nephew"; as well as in the first sentence of Søren Kierkegaard's novelistic treatise "Repetition". The story of and the lamp ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes His story opens the first chapter of Dolly Freed's 1978 book "Possum Living". The dog that Paul Dombey befriends in Charles Dickens' Dombey and Son is called Diogenes. Alexander's meeting with is portrayed in Valerio Manfredi's "(Alexander Trilogy) "The Ends of the Earth"". William S. Burroughs has been descri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Diogenes In the Rodgers and Hart musical "The Boys From Syracuse" (1938), the song "Oh Diogenes!"—which extols the philosopher's virtues—contains the lyrics "there was an old zany/ who lived in a tub;/ he had so many flea-bites / he didn't know where to rub." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=234264 |
Reference rate A reference rate is a rate that determines pay-offs in a financial contract and that is outside the control of the parties to the contract. It is often some form of LIBOR rate, but it can take many forms, such as a consumer price index, a house price index or an unemployment rate. Parties to the contract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=236894 |
Charles Fourier François Marie (;; 7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker and one of the founders of utopian socialism. Some of Fourier's social and moral views, held to be radical in his lifetime, have become mainstream thinking in modern society. For instance,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Charles Fourier In 1791 he moved from Besançon to Lyon, where he was employed by the merchant M. Bousquet. Fourier's travels also brought him to Paris, where he worked as the head of the Office of Statistics for a few months. From 1791 to 1816 Fourier was employed in Paris, Rouen, Lyon, Marseille, and Bordeaux. As a tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Charles Fourier There were incentives: jobs people might not enjoy doing would receive higher pay. Fourier considered trade, which he associated with Jews, to be the "source of all evil" and advocated that Jews be forced to perform farm work in the phalansteries. By the end of his life, Fourier advocated the return of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Charles Fourier " He believed that there were twelve common passions which resulted in 810 types of character, so the ideal phalanx would have exactly 1620 people. One day there would be six million of these, loosely ruled by a world "omniarch", or (later) a World Congress of Phalanxes. He had a concern for the sexuall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Charles Fourier Writing before the advent of the term 'homosexuality', Fourier held that both men and women have a wide range of sexual needs and preferences which may change throughout their lives, including same-sex sexuality and "androgénité". He argued that all sexual expressions should be enjoyed as long as people... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Charles Fourier The influence of Fourier's ideas in French politics was carried forward into the 1848 Revolution and the Paris Commune by followers such as Victor Considerant. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=237186 |
Baby boom A baby boom is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate. This demographic phenomenon is usually ascribed within certain geographical bounds of defined national and cultural populations. People born during these periods are often called baby boomers; however, some experts distinguish between tho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=239259 |
Baby boom "Now thriving on the American Dream, life was simple, jobs were plentiful, and a record number of babies were born." The U.S. birthrate exploded after World War II. From 1941 to 1961, more than 65 million children were born in the United States. At the height of this baby boom, a child was born every seven se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=239259 |
Baby boom Many families were adapting to popular culture changes that included purchasing TVs, opening credit card accounts, and buying mouse ears to wear while watching "The Mickey Mouse Club". Once economists realized how many children were being born, concern arose about enough resources being available, especially ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=239259 |
Baby boom "According to the new UNICEF report, almost 2 billion babies will be born in Africa between 2015 and 2050 and the 2 main driving forces behind this surge in births and children are continued high fertility rates and rising numbers of women able to have children of their own." The HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=239259 |
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