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Innovation economics Empirical evidence worldwide points to a positive link between technological innovation and economic performance. The drive of biotech firms in Germany was due to the R&D subsidies to joint projects, network partners and close cognitive distance of collaborative partners within a cluster. For insta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17379207 |
Innovation economics While innovation is important, it is not a happenstance occurrence as a natural harbor or natural resources are, but a deliberate, concerted effort of markets, institutions, policymakers and effective use of geographic space. In global economic restructuring, location has become a key element in es... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17379207 |
SKAT (tax agency) SKAT () was the tax authority of Denmark from 2005 until its reorganization in 2018 as a result of several serious scandals. It had been the state authority under which the Danish Treasury calculated and collected taxes and levied charges. The authority also undertook property valuation and settlement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17383547 |
Quasilinear utility In economics and consumer theory, quasilinear utility functions are linear in one argument, generally the numeraire. Quasilinear preferences can be represented by the utility function formula_1 where formula_2 is strictly concave. A nice property of the quasilinear utility function is that, the Mars... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17384504 |
Quasilinear utility In the case of two goods this function could be, for example, formula_9 The quasilinear form is special in that the demand functions for all but one of the consumption goods depend only on the prices and "not" on the income. E.g, with two commodities with prices "p" = 1 and "p" , if then, maximizing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17384504 |
Necessity good In economics, a necessity good or a necessary good is a type of normal good. Necessity goods are products and services that consumers will buy regardless of the changes in their income levels, therefore making these products less sensitive to income change. Examples include repetitive purchases of differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17401600 |
Asian Economic Papers is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on the analysis of economic issues in Asia. The journal was founded in 2000 and is published online and in hard copy by the MIT Press. "Asian Economic Papers" is sponsored by The Earth Institute at Columbia University, the Global Security Research C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17404652 |
Tradespace has three related meanings: Multiple Tradespaces of context type 2 or 3, above, may aggregate to form larger Tradespaces of the same type. Merging Tradespaces of both types (2 and 3) results in an eco-system. Distinctions between Tradespaces and eco-systems include: The term has the following trademark regis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17415966 |
Non-extractive economic value The non-extractive economic value of land is its monetary value the land creates without extracting resources or artificially developing it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17416650 |
The Review of Economics and Statistics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering applied quantitative economics. It was established in 1919 as "The Review of Economic Statistics" and obtained its current name in 1948. The inaugural issue stated the purpose of the journal to be to: The journal is edited at Harvard Un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17421850 |
Intangible asset finance Intangible Asset Finance is the branch of finance that deals with intangible assets such as patents (legal intangible) and reputation (competitive intangible). Like other areas of finance, intangible asset finance is concerned with the interdependence of value, risk, and time. In 2003, one esti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17424222 |
Intangible asset finance entitled "Intangible Assets: Measuring and Enhancing Their Contribution to Corporate Value and Economic Growth." The Intangible Asset Finance Society provides a forum for finance, innovation, legal and management professionals to discover better ways to create, capture and preserve the value of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17424222 |
Debt ratio Debt Ratio is a financial ratio that indicates the percentage of a company's assets that are provided via debt. It is the ratio of total debt (long-term liabilities) and total assets (the sum of current assets, fixed assets, and other assets such as 'goodwill'). formula_1 or alternatively: formula_2 For exam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17430761 |
Social production of habitat is an international term used to convey the process and product arising from the experience of people in a community collectively determining the conditions of their own habitat (dwelling place and living environment). Social production is found when people take the initiative to pose solut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17459058 |
Frontier markets A frontier market is a type of developing country which is more developed than the least developing countries, but too small, risky, or illiquid to be generally considered an emerging market. The term is an economic term which was coined by International Finance Corporation’s Farida Khambata in 1992. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17470826 |
Frontier markets are a sub-set of emerging markets, which have market capitalizations that are small and/or low annual turnover and/or market restrictions unsuitable for inclusion in the larger EM indexes but nonetheless "demonstrate a relative openness to and accessibility for foreign investors" and are not under "ext... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17470826 |
Frontier markets While they share some economics characteristics such as young, increasing educated populations, the individual economies face different internal and external forces. Funds invest to find returns in countries that have increasing trends in domestic consumption but see the overall growth drivers for each... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17470826 |
Meter operator A meter operator (MO or MOP) in the UK energy industry is an organization responsible for installing and maintaining electricity and gas meters. Since 1998 there has been full competition for meter operators, allowing the meter operator for a particular supply to be contracted with the energy supplier by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17474947 |
Hugo B. Margáin Gleason ( – ) was a Mexican economist, politician and diplomat who served as Secretary of Finance in the cabinet of Luis Echeverría (1970–73), as ambassador of Mexico to the United States (1964–70 and 1976–82), as ambassador of Mexico to the United Kingdom (1973–76) and as senator representing the Insti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17480882 |
Key worker A key worker or critical worker is a public-sector or private-sector employee who is considered to provide an essential service. The term has been used in the United Kingdom in the context of workers who may find it difficult to buy property in the area where they work. The term was also used during announce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17481048 |
Key worker Many local authorities and other public sector bodies, especially in London and the South East, where a "living scheme" operates have been facing major problems recruiting and retaining their workers many of whom are on lower levels of pay than the private sector in terms of housing in most cases the social ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17481048 |
Key worker The UK government on 19th March 2020 defined which groups of staff are considered Key Workers or Critical Workers for schooling purposes: "Health and social care - This includes but is not limited to doctors, nurses, midwives, paramedics, pharmacists, social workers, care workers, and other frontline health ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17481048 |
Key worker Food and other necessary goods - This includes those involved in food production, processing, distribution, sale and delivery, as well as those essential to the provision of other key goods (for example hygienic and veterinary medicines). This also includes cleaners in supermarkets. Public safety and nationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17481048 |
Key worker Utilities, communication and financial services - This includes staff needed for essential financial services provision (including but not limited to workers in banks, building societies and financial market infrastructure), the oil, gas, electricity and water sectors (including sewerage), information techno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17481048 |
Forward start option In finance, a forward start option is an option that starts at a specified future date with an expiration date set further in the future. A forward start option starts at a specified date in the future; however, the premium is paid in advance, and the time of expiration is established at the time t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17483819 |
Sion's minimax theorem In mathematics, and in particular game theory, is a generalization of John von Neumann's minimax theorem, named after Maurice Sion. It states: Let formula_1 be a compact convex subset of a linear topological space and formula_2 a convex subset of a linear topological space. If formula_3 is a real... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17528854 |
Commodity price shocks are times when the prices for commodities have drastically increased or decreased over a short span of time. At the time of the 1973 oil crisis, the price of corn and wheat went up by a factor of three. The 2007–08 world food price crisis saw corn, wheat, and rice go up by a factor of three when ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17547034 |
Parthasarathy's theorem In mathematics -- and in particular the study of games on the unit square -- is a generalization of Von Neumann's minimax theorem. It states that a particular class of games has a mixed value, provided that at least one of the players has a strategy that is restricted to absolutely continuous di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17565856 |
Jefferson Peres José Jefferson Carpinteiro Peres (18 March 1932 – 23 May 2008), commonly known as Jefferson Peres, was a Brazilian professor and politician and a member of the Brazilian Senate (Senado Federal). In the 2006 presidential election, Peres was the vice-presidential candidate for the Democratic Labour Party ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17578759 |
Economic epidemiology is a field at the intersection of epidemiology and economics. Its premise is to incorporate incentives for healthy behavior and their attendant behavioral responses into an epidemiological context to better understand how diseases are transmitted. This framework should help improve policy response... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
Economic epidemiology For example, an individual may choose to have unsafe sex or a doctor may prescribe antibiotics to someone without a confirmed bacterial infection. In both cases, the choice may be rational from the individual’s point of view but undesirable from a societal perspective. Limiting the spread of a dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
Economic epidemiology If behavior is exogenous or if behavioral responses are assumed to be inelastic with respect to disease prevalence, the per capita risk of infection in the susceptible population increases as prevalence increases. In contrast, when behavior is endogenous and elastic, hosts can act to reduce their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
Economic epidemiology In other words, if prevalence induces the same sort of protective behavior as public subsidies, the subsidies become irrelevant because people will choose to protect themselves when prevalence is high, regardless of the subsidy, and subsidies may not be helpful at the times when they are typically... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
Economic epidemiology Immunization represents a classic case of a social dilemma: a conflict of interest between the private gains of individuals and the collective gains of a society, and prevalence-dependent behavior may have significant effects on vaccine policy formation. For instance, it was found in an analysis o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
Economic epidemiology If the disease is contagious, it could then begin spreading again among non-vaccinated individuals. Thus, it is impossible to eradicate a vaccine-preventable disease through voluntary vaccination if people act in their own self-interest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17601160 |
William Watkins Ltd one of the first tugboat owning companies in the world, was founded by John Rogers Watkins in 1833. Already during the companies' early years their paddle tugboats, often sail-assisted, were seen in ports all over the world. The most well known of the tows that William Watkins undertook was that of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17619553 |
Forward Commitment Procurement (FCP) is a procurement model that is designed to be used to deliver cost-effective environmental products and services to the public sector and help to create the market conditions in which the environmental goods and services sector can thrive. The model was conceived and developed by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement EIAG believes the solution lies in Government taking action to mobilise the supply chain to deliver environmental innovations. And this means moving from a focus on R&D and technology push to a focus on intelligent supply chain management. EIAG developed FCP as a supply chain management t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement Gaynor Whyles, Director JERA Consulting The FCP approach has been well received: • FCP was recommended by the UK Sustainable Procurement Task Force and adopted by the UK Government in their Sustainable Procurement Action Plan . • The Commission on Environmental Markets and Economic Perfor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement By making the market aware of genuine needs and requirements and offering to buy products which meet these needs once they are available at a price commensurate with their benefits we can unlock this stalemate and unlock investment. Essentially, FCP is a tool to allocate and manage risk m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement The project involved: • designing a supply chain management approach and procurement process that was in line with public procurement regulations • testing this through a demonstration project • designing a mechanism to enable the scale up and replication of the approach The EIAG FCP demo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement Further consideration of the problem led HMPS to identify the following requirement: “HMPS aspires to a zero waste prison mattress that meets or exceeds current operational requirements and delivers whole life cycle cost efficiencies. By 2012, HMPS wants all its mattresses and pillows not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement Over 36 high quality responses were received, and from which a range of options were identified. A directory of companies and organisations that responded to the call was published on the HMPS procurement website to assist supply chain development and a 'Concept Viability' workshop involv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement a market opportunity • offering a forward commitment contract where required • articulating the requirement in outcome terms to potential suppliers, providing sufficient time for the market to respond • assisting the development of a supply chain • providing the supply chain with informat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
Forward Commitment Procurement This include projects involving NHS Trusts, NHS Purchasing Supply Agency (NHS PASA), South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA), Swindon Borough Council, New Swindon Company, and are addressing a range of environmental unmet needs such as ultra efficient lighting systems, innovative C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17623258 |
China Circle The refers to the economic relationship between the PRC, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Professor Barry Naughton coined the term in his book, “The China Circle.” During the 1960s and 1970s, Hong Kong and Taiwan specialized in labor-intensive manufactured exports that mainly went to the United States market. By the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17648921 |
Silverman's game In game theory, is a two-person zero-sum game played on the unit square. It is named for mathematician David Silverman. It is played by two players on a given set of positive real numbers. Before play starts, a threshold and penalty are chosen with and . For example, consider to be the set of integers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17653787 |
Fxmarketspace FXMarketSpace (FXMS) was a centrally cleared, global foreign exchange (FX) platform for the over the counter (OTC) cash market. It was launched in May 2006 as a joint venture between Reuters and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange but they decided to close the platform in October 2008 as it had not attracted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17654715 |
Fxmarketspace FXMarketSpace is the only trading platform where both replacement risk and settlement risk are eliminated." 10 October 2008 - CME Group and Thomson Reuters announce they have decided to close FXMarketSpace. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17654715 |
Black–Scholes equation In mathematical finance, the is a partial differential equation (PDE) governing the price evolution of a European call or European put under the Black–Scholes model. Broadly speaking, the term may refer to a similar PDE that can be derived for a variety of options, or more generally, derivatives.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation Black and Scholes' insight is that the portfolio represented by the right-hand side is riskless: thus the equation says that the riskless return over any infinitesimal time interval, can be expressed as the sum of theta and a term incorporating gamma. For an option, theta is typically negative, r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation Intuitively, "W"("t") is a process that "wiggles up and down" in such a random way that its expected change over any time interval is 0. (In addition, its variance over time "T" is equal to "T"; see ); a good discrete analogue for "W" is a simple random walk. Thus the above equation states that t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation Now assuming the risk-free rate of return is formula_22 we must have over the time period formula_15 If we now equate our two formulas for formula_25 we obtain: Simplifying, we arrive at the celebrated Black–Scholes partial differential equation: With the assumptions of the Black–Scholes model, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation Then an application of Ito's lemma gives an SDE for the discounted derivative process formula_32, which should be a martingale. In order for that to hold, the drift term must be zero, which implies the Black—Scholes PDE. This derivation is basically an application of the Feynman-Kac formula and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation To solve the PDE we recognize that it is a Cauchy–Euler equation which can be transformed into a diffusion equation by introducing the change-of-variable transformation Then the Black–Scholes PDE becomes a diffusion equation The terminal condition formula_37 now becomes an initial condition where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Black–Scholes equation which gives simply "S" when reverting to the original coordinates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17656561 |
Absolute income hypothesis In economics, the absolute income hypothesis concerns how a consumer divides his disposable income between consumption and saving. It is part of the theory of consumption proposed by English economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946). The hypothesis was refined extensively during the 1960s and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17667473 |
Abstinence theory of interest The abstinence theory of interest asserts that the money used for lending purposes is the money not used for consumption – which means, earning interest by abstaining from spending makes the funds possible and available for borrowers. The originator of the theory is Nassau William Senior. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17667513 |
Wicksell's theory of capital Named after Swedish economist Knut Wicksell (1851-1926), examines factor prices as derived from the value of the marginal product. Wicksell pointed out that in an equilibrium situation, the interest rate would exceed the value of the marginal product of capital because the aggregate stock o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17667591 |
Band of fluctuation The band of fluctuation is the range within which the market value of a national currency is permitted to fluctuate by international agreements, or by unilateral decision by the central bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17668086 |
Nathan Rosenberg (November 22, 1927 – August 24, 2015) was an American economist specializing in the history of technology. He earned his PhD from the University of Wisconsin in 1955, and taught at Indiana University (1955–1957), the University of Pennsylvania (1957–1961), Purdue University (1961–1964), Harvard Univers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17682368 |
Nathan Rosenberg The importance of these ideas have since been more fully recognized by the discipline of international economic history. The Rosenberg-Birdzell hypothesis is that innovation is produced by economic competition among politically independent entities. This hypothesis is tested and supported by Joel Mokyr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17682368 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics The honors who have made influential contributions to the fields of finance and money and macroeconomics, and whose work has led to practical and policy-relevant results. It is awarded biannually, since 2005, by the Center for Financial Studies (CFS), in partnership with Goeth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics Woodford has developed a theory of monetary macroeconomics that holds widespread appeal to academic researchers owing to its rigorous microeconomic foundations. Woodford has proved the immense practical value of his theory by analyzing the central role played by expectations a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics Shiller is the joint recipient of the 2013 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Eugene F. Fama, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and Lars Peter Hansen of the University of Chicago. Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics Rajan, Governor of Reserve Bank of India, received the DB Prize 2013 for his highly influential contributions in a remarkably broad range of areas in Financial Economics, most important to the development of economies worldwide, ranging from the central role of banks in creati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics His models relate to the theory of asset pricing, the analysis of the term structure of interest rates, understanding option prices, and the basic structure of the principal-agent problem. The work of Stephen A. Ross has shaped today's thinking in financial innovation, practic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics In addition, a total of more than 300 members of national banks, the European Central Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and the World Bank will have the opportunity to suggest an academic as a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683716 |
Germán Bernácer Prize The Bernacer Prize is awarded annually to European young economists who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of macroeconomics and finance. The prize is named after Germán Bernácer, an early Spanish macroeconomist. The prize was created in 2001 by the OBCE (Observatorio del Banco Cent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Germán Bernácer Prize 2018 The 2018 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the French economist Gabriel Zucman (University of California, Berkeley) for his "influential research on wealth inequality and the redistributive effects of globalization". 2017 The 2017 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the German economist Benjamin Moll (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Germán Bernácer Prize The award ceremony took place in Madrid on May 13, 2016. 2013 The 2013 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the French economist Thomas Philippon (NYU Stern School of Business) "for his influential research on efficiency trends in the finance industry, the costs of financial distress and intervention pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Germán Bernácer Prize The award ceremony took place in Madrid on June 1, 2011. 2009 The 2009 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the French economist Emmanuel Farhi (Harvard University) "for his relevant contributions to the design of optimal taxation in business cycle models with incomplete markets, and for improving our un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Germán Bernácer Prize 2006 The 2006 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the French economist Hélène Rey (Princeton University) "for her important research on the determinants and consequences of external trade and financial imbalances, the theory of financial crisis and the internationalization of currencies. Her contributio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Germán Bernácer Prize 2002 The 2002 Bernacer Prize was awarded to the Spanish economist José Manuel Campa (IESE Business School) "for his outstanding research on exchange rate behaviour and internacional finance". The award ceremony took place in Alicante on December 3, 2002. 2001 The 2001 Bernacer Prize was awarded to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17683827 |
Diamond–Dybvig model The is an influential model of bank runs and related financial crises. The model shows how banks' mix of illiquid assets (such as business or mortgage loans) and liquid liabilities (deposits which may be withdrawn at any time) may give rise to self-fulfilling panics among depositors. The model, pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17684928 |
Diamond–Dybvig model Individual depositors might not be able to make these loans themselves, since they know they may suddenly need immediate access to their funds, whereas the businesses' investments will only pay off in the future (moreover, by aggregating funds from many different depositors, banks help depositors s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17684928 |
Diamond–Dybvig model Since banks lend out at long maturity, they cannot quickly call in their loans. And even if they tried to call in their loans, borrowers would be unable to pay back quickly, since their loans were, by assumption, used to finance long-term investments. Therefore, if all depositors attempt to withdra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17684928 |
Diamond–Dybvig model If depositors expect most other depositors to withdraw only when they have real expenditure needs, then it is rational for all depositors to withdraw only when they have real expenditure needs. But if depositors expect most other depositors to rush quickly to close their accounts, then it is ration... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17684928 |
Diamond–Dybvig model However, Diamond and Dybvig argue that unless the total amount of real expenditure needs per period is known with certainty, suspension of convertibility cannot be the optimal mechanism for preventing bank runs. Instead, they argue that a better way of preventing bank runs is deposit insurance back... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17684928 |
Captive market Captive markets are markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited number of competitive suppliers; their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all. Captive markets result in higher prices and less diversity for consumers. The term therefore applies to an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17700636 |
Gold in the mine is a metaphor for the potential savings in quality improvement efforts. It is essentially a restatement of the Pareto principle in the context of quality costs; digging in the right place can produce great savings, though investigating every possible opportunity is not economically feasible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17722488 |
DAD–SAS model The is a macroeconomic model based on the AD-AS model but that looks at the different incomes at different inflation levels. The DAD (Dynamic aggregate demand) curve is in the long run a horizontal line called the EAD (Equilibrium aggregate Demand) curve. The short run DAD curve at flexible exchange rates... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17756541 |
Momentum (finance) In finance, momentum is the empirically observed tendency for rising asset prices to rise further, and falling prices to keep falling. For instance, it was shown that stocks with strong past performance continue to outperform stocks with poor past performance in the next period with an average excess... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17764646 |
Utility–possibility frontier In welfare economics, a utility–possibility frontier (or utility possibilities curve), is a widely used concept analogous to the better-known production–possibility frontier. The graph shows the maximum amount of one person's utility given each level of utility attained by all others in soc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17770217 |
Utility–possibility frontier Usually, the social welfare function, which incorporates the deservedness of the two individuals and states how society’s well-being relates to that of the two individuals, is required to maximize social welfare. It is assumed that the value of social welfare changes as the individual utili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17770217 |
Swap spread Swap spreads are the difference between the swap rate (a fixed interest rate) and a corresponding government bond yield with the same maturity (Treasury securities in the case of the United States). For example, if the current market rate for a 5-year swap is 1.35 percent and the current yield on the 5-year... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17779956 |
Sri Lanka Customs The (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා රේගුව "Shri Lanka Reguwa") is a non-ministerial government department, which performs the duties of collecting customs duties and other taxes and levies in Sri Lanka, under the oversight of the Ministry of Finance. The executive responsible is the director general, currently M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17784823 |
Hedonic index A hedonic index is any price index which uses information from hedonic regression, which describes how product price could be explained by the product's characteristics. Hedonic price indexes have proved to be very useful when applied to calculate price indices for information and communication products (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17824450 |
Hedonic index A. Quality adjustments are also important for understanding national accounts deflators (see GDP deflator). In the USA, for example, growth acceleration after 1995 was driven by the increased investment in ICT products that lead both to an increase in capital stock and labor productivity growth. This incr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17824450 |
Hedonic index Following Triplett, two methods can be distinguished—direct and indirect. The direct method uses only information obtained from the hedonic regression, while the second method combines information derived from the hedonic regression and matched models (traditional price indexes). In indirect method, data ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17824450 |
Hedonic index For example, if we set formula_12 equal to the mean of the characteristics for the previous period formula_14, we would get a Laspeyres-type index. Setting formula_12 equal to formula_16 gives Paasche-type index and so on. The Fisher-type index is defined as a square root of product of Laspeyres- and Paas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17824450 |
Malthusian equilibrium A population is in when all of its production is used only for subsistence. is a locally stable and a dynamic equilibrium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17841907 |
IZA Prize in Labor Economics The Institute for the Study of Labor awards a prize each year (from 2016 on every two years in turn with the IZA Young Labor Economist Award) for outstanding academic achievement in the field of labor economics. The has become a highly prestigious science award in international economics, i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17851340 |
IZA Prize in Labor Economics Since the establishment of the prize, four Nobel laureates in Economics have served as members of the Prize Committee, George Akerlof, Gary Becker, James Heckman, and Joseph Stiglitz. The committee is coordinated by Daniel S. Hamermesh. Current members of the committee besides Hamermesh are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17851340 |
Total revenue is the total receipts a seller can obtain from selling goods or services to buyers. It can be written as "P × Q", which is the price of the goods multiplied by the quantity of the sold goods. Cost received by sellers from buyer by selling number of products is known as TOTAL REVENUE A perfectly competitiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17870053 |
Total revenue In Figures 2 through 4, this function is shown graphically by using an example of demand for apples. The quantity of apples demanded drops as the price increases, which leads to the changes of the total revenue. The function of TR is graphed as a downward opening parabola due to the concept of elasticity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17870053 |
Total revenue In the long run, a similar rule also can be applied when a firm needs to decide whether it should enter or exit a market. Here physical capital costs are relevant, and together with variable costs they give total long-run costs (TC): The rules are opposite for entering a market: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17870053 |
Marginal return Marginal Return is the rate of return for a marginal increase in investment; roughly, this is the additional output resulting from a one-unit increase in the use of a variable input, while other inputs are constant. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17886679 |
Generational accounting is a method of measuring the fiscal burdens facing today's and tomorrow's children. Laurence Kotlikoff's individual and co-authored work on the relativity of fiscal language demonstrates that conventional fiscal measures, including the government's deficit, are not well defined from the perspect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17908001 |
Generational accounting The generational accounting and fiscal gap accounting developed by Auerbach, Gokhale, and Kotlikoff has become an increasingly standard means of assessing the sustainability of fiscal policy and how different countries intend to treat their next generations. Recent generational accounting by the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17908001 |
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