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Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar His al-Tanqih (), along with his own commentary upon it entitled al-Tawdih (), is a work of usul al-fiqh that merges between 'the way of the jurists' (i.e. the Hanafis) and between 'the way of the scholastics', combining and reorganising the works of the Hanafi Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi and the Maliki Ibn al-Hajib into a new synthesis. This work reflects a new development in the scholasticization of Hanafi jurisprudential theory. He authored a work (yet unpublished) known under the title Ta'dil al-'Ulum (), which became a milestone in the development of the Maturidi kalam in Khorasan and Ma Wara' al-Nahr (Transoxania). His Ta'dil al-'Ulum was recommended by the sixteenth-century Ottoman scholar and judge Ahmed Taşköprüzade (d. 1561) to anyone desirous of reaching the highest degree of excellence in logic. Sadr's astronomical work represents an ongoing revision of Ptolemaic astronomy. In that context, he undertook to correct the works of two of his predecessors, namely Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi. The models of the last two were developed in their two respective works, the Tadhkira and the Tuhfa. Sadr took it upon himself to solve the problems they did not tackle, and to supply answers to the subtleties they did not address. Sadr's astronomical writings are found in the third volume of his three‐volume encyclopedia of the sciences, the "Ta'dil al-'Ulum" (The Adjustment of the Sciences). The first two volumes dealt with logic and kalam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62773262 |
Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar The third volume was called "Kitab Ta'dil Hay'at al-Aflak" (The Adjustment of the Configuration of the Celestial Spheres). This encyclopaedia starts with logic, proceeds through theology, and ends with astronomy. It was written in Bukhara, and was finished shortly before the death of its author. This work of Sadr is written in the traditional form of a commentary, where he gives his own text and then comments on the same. As is usual in such commentaries, the text is separated from the comments by the classical notation: a sentence preceded by the Arabic mim (short for matn) refers to the text, whereas the latter shin (for sharh) introduces the comment to that specific text. As a result the work became voluminous, reaching some seventy densely written folios. He died on 747 AH (1346–47 CE) and was buried in Bukhara. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62773262 |
Ustad Isa (crater) Ustad Isa is an impact crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the IAU in 1979. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62775623 |
Takayoshi (crater) Takayoshi is an impact crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the IAU in 1979. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62775660 |
Kleptoprotein A kleptoprotein is a protein which is not encoded in the genome of the organism which uses it, but instead is obtained through diet from a prey organism. Importantly, a kleptoprotein must maintain its function and be mostly or entirely undigested, drawing a distinction from proteins that are digested for nutrition, which become destroyed and non-functional in the process. This phenomena was first reported in the bioluminescent fish "Parapriacanthus", which has specialized light organs adapted towards counter-illumination, but obtains the luciferase enzyme within these organs from bioluminescent ostracods, including "Cypridina noctiluca" or "Vargula hilgendorfii". Kleptoplasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62787574 |
Stephanus Cousius (16xx-17xx) was a botanical illustrator known for his contribution of 9 plates to Jacob Breyne's 1678 work "Exoticarum aliarumque minus cognitarum plantarum centuria prima" (One hundred best exotic and other lesser known plants). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62834226 |
Biosaline agriculture is the production and growth of plants in saline rich groundwater and/or soil. In water scarce locations, salinity poses a serious threat to agriculture due to its toxicity to most plants. Abiotic stressors such as salinity, extreme temperatures, and drought make plant growth difficult in many climate regions. Integration of biosaline solutions is becoming necessary in arid and semiarid climates where freshwater abundance is low and seawater is ample. Salt-tolerant plants that flourish in high-salinity conditions are called halophytes. Halophyte implementation has the potential to restore salt-rich environments, provide for global food demands, produce medicine and biofuels, and conserve fresh water. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62837964 |
Vladimir Balthasar (21 June 1897 – 10 November 1978), was a Czech entomologist, naturalist, and ornithologist who specialized in beetles. Between 1933 and 1939, he was employed at the Natural History Museum in Bratislava. His insect collection is found at the National Museum in Prague. The author name Balthasar can be used for in connection with a scientific name in zoology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62851192 |
Symmetry energy In nuclear physics, the symmetry energy reflects the variation of the binding energy of the nucleons in the nuclear matter in function of its neutron to proton ratio. is an important parameter in the equation of state describing the nuclear structure of heavy nuclei and neutron stars. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62854237 |
Sewelô The diamond is the second largest rough diamond ever found. The diamond was recovered in April 2019 by the Lucara Diamond Corp in its Karowe mine in Botswana. The diamond is 1,758 carats and weighs 352 grams. The gem was named through a competition held by Lucara. Out of 22,000 submissions the name was chosen, which translates to 'rare find' in Setswana. In January 2020 it was announced that Louis Vuitton had purchased the diamond for an undisclosed sum. Louis Vuitton will work with the HB Company in Antwerp to polish the diamond and cut it into smaller stones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62855013 |
NGC 560 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 249 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 150,000 light years. It is part of the Abell 194 galaxy cluster. was discovered on October 1,1785 by the German-British astronomer William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62861843 |
NGC 570 is a barred spiral galaxy. It is located in the Cetus constellation about 246 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the American astronomer George Mary Searle in 1867. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62861893 |
Timothy Behrens (neuroscientist) Timothy E.J. Behrens is a British neuroscientist. He is Deputy Director of the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Professor of Computational Neuroscience at the University of Oxford, and Honorary Lecturer, Wellcome Centre for Imaging Neuroscience, University College London. In 2020 he won the UK Life Sciences Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists, having been a finalist for this award in 2018 and 2019. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in the same year. He has an M.Eng. and a D.Phil. from the University of Oxford. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62862844 |
Shizuki Tadao Shizuki was adopted as a child into a family of translators from Dutch to Japanese, and in 1776 Shizuki began working in the family profession; however, in 1777 he stopped working in the family's "tsuji" tradition and began translating and writing commentaries on works of natural philosophy independently. He began using the name Ryuen Nakano, Nakano being his birth family name. Shizuki apprenticed under Ryoei Motoki (who had translated and interpreted Copernicus's works) in Nagasaki, which at that time was a rare hub for Japanese intellectuals to obtain and discuss Western ideas. Motoki and Shizuki collaborated on translations of Dutch scientific treatises, and helped introduce and popularize Newtonian mechanics to Japanese scholars, as well as ideas about planetary motion and calendrics ultimately derived from Copernicus and Johannes Kepler. Shizuki's commentaries draw heavily from John Keill's, though Shizuki also generated his own ideas in his commentaries, and sought to reconcile Western philosophies of science with traditional Confucian metaphysical ideas. His best-known work was "Rekisho Shinsho", or "New Treatise on Calendrical Phenomena", which he completed in 1802 and which was heavily indebted to Keill's works, several of which Shizuki had already translated by that time. Several of the Japanese terms that Shizuki used in translating Newtonian mechanical ideas, including those for gravity and centripetal force, were adopted into the Japanese scientific lexicon and remain in common use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62871297 |
Anatoly Kuzovnikov (November 9, 1922, Pokrovka village, Pokrovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, USSR — November 17, 2004, Moscow, Russian Federation) — was a Soviet and Russian physicist. Doctor of physical and mathematical Sciences, honored Professor of Moscow state University. A. Kuzovnikov was born on November 9, 1922 in the village of Pokrovka in the Pokrovsky District of the Orenburg Oblast. In 1940, he graduated from high school and was drafted into the Red Army. Met the war at the age of 19, fought in the engineering and technical services of the Air Force. After the end of the war, having been demobilized from the army, A. A. Kuzovnikov entered the physics and mathematics Department of the Kazakh State University in 1946. In 1949, he transferred to the physics Department of Moscow State University, where he graduated in 1951 and was left in graduate school at the Department of electronics. Prepared 23 candidates and 3 doctors of science. On November 17, 2004, left us for good. He has published more than 200 scientific papers in domestic and foreign journals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62875606 |
IRAS 13224-3809 is a highly active and fluctuating Seyfert 1 galaxy in the constellation Centaurus about 1 billion light-years from Earth. The galaxy is notable due to its centrally-located supermassive black hole that is closely studied by astronomers using x-ray astronomy, particularly X-ray reverberation echo mapping techniques, in an effort to better understand the inner workings, including mass and spin, of black holes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62879352 |
Marlene Cohen Marlene R. Cohen is a neuroscientist at the University of Pittsburgh and an Associate Director of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, a joint venture between the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University. Her team investigates how visual information is encoded in groups of neurons and used to guide behavior. She is recognized for pioneering use of multielectrode array recording to determine that the improved behavioral performance associated with redirecting spatial attention has a neural correlate in the brain that is reflected by reduced correlated activity between neurons. Cohen has also demonstrated that this same mechanism happens during learning. She has received several awards for her work, including the Troland Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 2018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62880362 |
Color Developing Agent 2 The second in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-2, is chemically known as 4-Diethylamino-o-toluidine 1,4-Benzenediamine, N4,N4-diethyl-2-methyl- or N1,N1-Diethyl-3-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine 4-(Diethylamino)-2-methylaniline. In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62883325 |
Color Developing Agent 1 The first in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-1, is chemically known as 1,4-Benzenediamine, N,N-diethyl-, monohydrochloride. In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62885083 |
Gaia16aye In astronomy, is a gravitational microlensing event of the star 2MASS 19400112+3007533 (the "source" star) by a dimmer binary star system (the "lens" star system). The source star 2MASS 19400112+3007533 is a magnitude 14.5 (Gaia RP) star in Cygnus. It was closely observed during a set of brightening events caused by gravitational microlensing in 2016. The event was first noticed by the Gaia space mission via an alert on August 9, 2016. The unusual characteristics of the event led to an immediate massive follow-up campaign by tens of professional and amateur observers over the next 500 days, during which 5 brightening events were closely observed. The star brightened up to two and a half magnitudes in each microlensing event over its baseline brightness. The brightenings were determined to have been caused by a dim binary star system much closer to the Earth, acting as a moving, changing gravitational lens. The light of the lens star system itself was lost in the glare of the brighter star 2MASS 19400112+3007533. The lens star system is predicted to be observable in 2021 after its proper motion has created a separation of about 50 mas from the brighter background star. Detailed observations and analytical modelling determined that the lens system consists of two main sequence stars with Solar masses 0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.03, at a distance of , and an orbital period of 2.88 years | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62886161 |
Gaia16aye The space-time geometry of a binary star system is complicated, which leads to sudden jumps in brightness as the caustics of the lens cross by the light rays from the lensed source. Furthermore, the relative motions of the binary lens stars and the source star interacted with each other: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62886161 |
Atmospheric super-rotation is the state where a planet's atmosphere rotates faster than the planet itself. The atmosphere of Venus is one example of extreme super-rotation; the Venusian atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than Venus' sidereal day of 243 Earth days. has also been observed on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn. It is believed that the Earth's thermosphere has a small net super-rotation in excess of the surface rotational velocity, although estimates of the size of the phenomenon vary widely. Some models suggest that global warming is likely to cause an increase in super-rotation in future, including possible super-rotation of surface winds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62887050 |
Biliprotein Biliproteins are pigment protein compounds that are located in photosynthesising organisms such as algae and certain insects. They refer to any protein that contains a bilin chromophore. In plants and algae, the main function of biliproteins is to make the process of light accumulation required for photosynthesis more efficient; while in insects they play a role in growth and development. Some of their properties: including light-receptivity, light-harvesting and fluorescence have made them suitable for applications in bioimaging and as indicators; while other properties such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-inflammation in phycobiliproteins have given them potential for use in medicine, cosmetics and food technology. While research on biliproteins dates back as far as 1950, it was hindered due to issues regarding biliprotein structure, lack of methods available for isolating individual biliprotein components, as well as limited information on lyase reactions (which are needed to join proteins with their chromophores). Research on biliproteins has also been primarily focused on phycobiliproteins; but advances in technology and methodology, along with the discovery of different types of lyases, has renewed interest in biliprotein research, allowing new opportunities for investigating biliprotein processes such as assembly/disassembly and protein folding. Biliproteins found in plants and algae serve as a system of pigments whose purpose is to detect and absorb light needed for photosynthesis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein The absorption spectra of biliproteins complements that of other photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll or carotene. The pigments detect and absorb energy from sunlight; the energy later being transferred to chlorophyll via internal energy transfer. According to a 2002 article written by Takashi Hirata et al., the chromophores of certain phycobiliproteins are responsible for antioxidant activities in these biliproteins, and phycocyanin also possesses anti-inflammatory qualities due to its inhibitory apoprotein. When induced by both collagen and adenosine triphosphate (ADP), the chromophore phycocyanobilin suppresses platelet aggregation in phycocyanin, its corresponding phycobiliprotein. In insects, biliprotein lipocalins generally function to facilitate the changing of colours during camouflage, but other roles of biliproteins in insects have also been found. Functions such as preventing cellular damage, regulating guanylyl cyclase with biliverdin, among other roles associated with metabolic maintenance, have been hypothesised but yet to be proven. In the tobacco hornworm, the biliprotein insecticyanin (INS) was found to play a crucial part in embryonic development, as the absorption of INS into the moth eggs was observed. The structure of biliproteins is typically characterised by bilin chromophores arranged in linear tetrapyrrolic formation, and the bilins are covalently bound to apoproteins via thioether bonds. Each type of biliprotein has a unique bilin that belongs to it (e.g | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein phycoerythrobilin is the chromophore of phycoerythrin and phycocyanobilin is the chromophore of phycocyanin). The bilin chromophores are formed by the oxidative cleavage of a haem ring and catalysed by haem oxygenases at one of four methine bridges, allowing four possible bilin isomers to occur. In all organisms known to have biliproteins, cleavage usually occurs at the α-bridge, generating biliverdin IXα. Phycobiliproteins are grouped together in separate clusters, approximately 40nm in diameter, known as phycobilisomes. The structural changes involved in deriving bilins from their biliverdin IXα isomer determine the spectral range of light absorption. The structure of biliproteins in insects differ slightly than those in plants and algae; they have a crystal structure and their chromophores are not covalently bound to the apoproteins. Unlike phycobiliproteins whose chromophores are held in an extended arrangement by specific interactions between chromophores and proteins, the chromophore in insect biliproteins has a cyclic helical crystal structure in the protein-bound state, as found in studies of the biliprotein extracted from the large white butterfly. Phycobiliproteins are found in cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) and algae groups such as rhodophyta (red algae) and cryptophytes. Major phycobiliproteins include variations of phycocyanin (blue-pigment), variations of phycoerythrin (red pigment), and allophycocyanin (light-blue pigment); each of them possessing different spectral properties | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein These water-soluble biliproteins are not essential for the functioning of cells. Some special qualities of phycobiliproteins include antioxidant properties and high fluorescence, and it is their chromophores that give these proteins their strong pigment. Phycobiliproteins are classified into two categories based on their amino-terminal sequences: "α-type" and "β-type" sequences. In biliproteins where the number of bilins on the two subunits is unequal, the subunit with more bilins has a β-type amino sequence. Phycochromes are a subclass of phycobiliprotein that was initially recognised only as light sensory pigments in cyanobacteria. They are now deemed to constitute of all possible photoreversibly photochromic pigments, regardless of function. They are also found in red algae. In a series of journal articles written by G.S. and L.O. Björn, it was reported that phycochromes a, b, c and d were discovered by scientists who fractionated samples of blue-green algae using electrofocusing. The fractions with isoelectric points at or around 4.6 seemed analogous to phytochromes in that they possessed photochromic properties, yet were sensitive to light of shorter wavelengths. All four phycochromes except phycochrome c were extracted from the blue-green algae "Tolypothrix distorta"; whereas phycochrome a was also found in "Phormidium luridum", "Nostoc muscorum" 1453/12 and "Anacystis nidulans"; and phycochrome c was extracted from "Nostoc muscorum" A and "Tolypothrix tenuis" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein Phytochromes (also known as phys) were initially discovered in green plants in 1945. The photoreversible pigment was later found in fungi, mosses, and other algae groups due to the development of whole-genome sequencing, as explained in Peter H. Quail's 2010 journal article "Phytochromes". As described in Hugo Scheer's 1981 journal article "Biliproteins," phytochromes function as a sensor of light intensity in ‘high-energy’ reactions, i.e. in higher plants (e.g. underground seedlings), during transformation of heterotrophic blanching growth to autotrophic photosynthetic growth. They carry out this function by monitoring the various parameters of light signals (such as presence/absence, colour, intensity and photoperiodicity). This information is then transduced via intracellular signaling pathways that trigger responses specific to the organism and its development state on both cellular and molecular levels, as explained by Quail. Phytochromes are also responsible for regulating many aspects of a plant's growth, development and reproduction throughout its lifecycle. The lipocalins that have been identified as biliproteins have been found in a wide variety of insects, but mainly in the order Lepidoptera. Scientists have discovered them in the large white butterfly and a number of moth and silkmoth species, including the ailanthus and domestic silkmoths, giant silkworm moth, tobacco hawk moth, honeycomb moth, and the puss moth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein The biliproteins associated with these insect species are the bilin-binding proteins, biliverdin-binding proteins, bombyrin, lipocalins 1 and 4, insecticyanin, gallerin and CV-bilin respectively. The biliproteins found in the tobacco hawk moth and pussmoth make up a major part of the insects’ haemolymph fluids. The biliproteins that have been found in other insect orders apart from Lepidoptera still have unknown sequences, and so their lipocalin nature is still open. In a 1988 study conducted by Hugo Scheer and Harmut Kayser, biliproteins were extracted from the large white butterfly and puss moth and their respective properties were examined. Their properties were compared to those of plant and algae biliproteins, and their distinguishing features were taken into account. Unlile plant and algae biliproteins whose bilins are generally only derived from the IXα biliverdin isomer, the bilins of insect biliproteins are also derived from the IXγ isomer, which is almost exclusively found in Lepidoptera. The study cited from M. Bois-Choussy and M. Barbier that these IXγ-series bile pigments are derived from cleavage of the porphyrin precursors at the C-15 (formerly γ) methine bridge, which is uncharacteristic of other mammalian and plant biliproteins. When the scientists examined biliproteins from both the large white butterfly and puss moth, they found that their polypeptides had a low α-helix content in comparison to phycobiliproteins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein It was hypothesised that the role of biliproteins in insects would also have a role related to light-absorption similar to that in plant and algae biliproteins. However, when the photochemical properties required for light-absorption were found absent in the biliprotein of the large white butterfly, this hypothesis was eliminated, followed by the assumption that those photochemical properties also do not occur in any other insect biliproteins. Based on these examinations, it was concluded that insect biliproteins are only loosely related to those from plants and algae, due to the large number of differences they have regarding structure, chemical composition, derivation of bilins and general functions. Fluorescent proteins have had a substantial impact on bioimaging, which is why biliproteins have made suitable candidates for the application, due to their properties of fluorescence, light-harvesting, light-sensitivity and photoswitching (the latter occurring only in phytochromes). Phycobiliproteins, which are highly fluorescent, have been used in external applications of bioimaging since the early 1980s. That application requires the bilin chromophore to be synthesised from haem, after which a lyase is needed to covalently bond the bilin to its corresponding apoprotein. An alternative method of uses phytochromes instead; some phytochromes only require one enzyme, haem oxygenase, for synthesisng chromophores. Another benefit of using phytochromes is that they bind to their bilins autocatalytically | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein While there are photochromic pigments with poor fluorescence, this problem has been alleviated by engineering protein variants that reduce photochemistry and enhance fluorescence. Properties of phycobiliproteins, such as their natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, food colourant, strong pigment and anti-aging activities, have given them considerable potential for use in food, cosmetics and medicinal applications. They have also proven to be therapeutic in treating diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Given their large range of applications and potential uses, researchers have been trying to find and develop ways to produce and purify phycobiliproteins to meet the growing demand for them. One such phycobiliprotein is C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which is found in spirulina. A limiting factor of C-PC's usage in these applications is its protein stability, given that in its natural form, C-PC is highly sensitive to light and heat when in aqueous solution, due to its photosensitive phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore, which also makes it prone to free-radical oxidation. Like other natural food colourants, C-PC is also sensitive to acidic conditions and oxidant exposure. This has prompted studies to develop methods of stabilising C-PC/PCB and expand their applications to other food systems. More details on the applications of phycocyanin in food and medicine can be found here | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Biliprotein The fluorescence signals emitted from phycoerythrin and phycocyanin have made them suitable for use as indicators to detect cyanotoxins such as microcystins in drinking water. A study examined the nature of the biliproteins' fluorescence signals regarding their real-time character, sensitivity and the biliproteins' behaviour in different treatment stages (of water) in comparison to microcystins. The fluorescence signals' real-time character was confirmed by fluorescence measurements, as they can be carried out without having to pre-concentrate the biliproteins. If the ratio of biliprotein to microcystin is above 1, the fluorescence signals can estimate very low concentrations of microcystins. A test conducted in 2009 compared the behaviour of both biliproteins and selected microcystins MC-LR and MC-RR during water treatment. The test results showed that the biliproteins have an early warning function against microcystins in conventional treatment stages that use pre-oxidation with permanganate, activated carbon and chlorination. However, the early warning function does not occur when chlorine dioxide is used as a pre-oxidant or final disinfectant. It is important for the biliprotein/toxin ratio of raw water to be known in order to use the biliproteins for control measurements in drinking water treatment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62904359 |
Effective one-body formalism The effective one-body or EOB formalism is an analytical approach to the gravitational two-body problem in general relativity. It was introduced by Alessandra Buonanno and Thibault Damour in 1999. It aims to describe all different phases of the two-body dynamics in a single analytical method. The theory allows calculations to not only be made in particular limits, such as post-Newtonian theory in the early inspiral, when the objects are at large separation, or black hole perturbation theory, when the two objects differ greatly in mass. In addition, it leads to results faster than numerical relativity. Rather than being considered distinct from these other approaches to the two-body problem, the EOB formalism is a way to resum information from other methods. It does so by mapping the general two-body problem to that of a test particle in an effective metric. The method was used in the data analysis of gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62907910 |
Elsie Sunderland Elsie M. Sunderland is the Gordon McKay Professor of Environmental Chemistry at Harvard University. Her research explores how chemicals released by human activity interact with natural ecosystems and affect living systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62926846 |
NGC 920 is a spiral galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. The celestial object was discovered on September 11, 1885 by the American astronomer Lewis A. Swift. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62977003 |
Odette Jasse (August 21, 1899 – January 9, 1949) was a French astronomer who spent most of her career as administrator at the Marseille Observatory. Jasse was born in Saint-Victoret. Her parents were a teacher and a customs inspector. Jasse attended a school for girls in Marseille before going on to graduate in mathematics and physics. In August 1920 she took a position as an intern at the Marseille Observatory. From 1923 she began working as an assistant astronomer, a position she was officially appointed to in 1927. She had achieved a graduate degree in physics, completing out spectroscopy research at Henri Buisson's laboratory. Jasse observed dwarf planets and the travel paths of Aldebaran and the Moon. However, Jasse never completed her doctoral thesis. She assumed administrative duties at the observatory from 1934. She was also the editorial secretary of the "Journal des Observateurs". She died in 1949 in Marseille, where a street is named in her honour. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62978194 |
Rupa Sarkar is the Editor-in-Chief of "The Lancet Digital Health," a gold open access medical journal in the "Lancet" family published by Elsevier. She conducted her doctoral research at Imperial College London, where she studied RNA biology and its role in human stem cell differentiation. After earning her PhD, she did postdoctoral research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, then worked as an associate editor at "Nature Protocols," a senior editor at "Genome Biology," and Chief Editor at "Nature Protocols." She has been Editor-in-Chief at "The Lancet Digital Health" since its founding in 2018. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62981341 |
NGC 2227 is a barred spiral galaxy (SBc) located in the direction of the Canis Major constellation. It has a declination of -22° 00' 17" and a right ascension of 6 hours, 25 minutes and 57.9 seconds. The galaxy was discovered on January 27, 1835 by John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62991864 |
Star Party Sri Lanka Star Party Sri Lanka, commonly known as the "Star Party" is an astronomical observation competition held in Sri Lanka since 2004. It is the longest-running inter-school astronomical observation competition in Sri Lanka. It happens annually at the University of Peradeniya premises typically in the first quarter of the year. However, in some years it was held in the other periods of the year due to various reasons. Star Party considered the most important event in the Sri Lankan amateur astronomical calendar. Star Party night sky observation competition is the main focus event of the entire Star Party. High school students from all around the country teamed up and compete for the title "Best school-based astronomical observation team of the year" and the Star Party challenge trophy. A team consist of 5 members from the same school and there can be maximum of two teams (namely A and B) can compete from one school. The competition held under 6 sections as follows, The highest-scoring team of each of those sections wins the sub-trophy for the respective titles. The team that has the highest total score for all these sections wins the Star Party Challenge trophy and crowned as the Champions of the Star Party. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63019703 |
John Mekalanos is a microbiologist who is primarily known for leading one of the first teams that reported the discovery of the type VI secretion system as well as his work on the pathogenicity of the bacterial species "Vibrio cholerae", its toxin, and its secretion systems. Since 1998, he has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He started his research studies as a graduate student in the lab of William Robert Romig at UCLA where his research was focused on studying the genetic and biochemical analysis of the cholera toxin secreted by the bacterium "Vibrio cholerae". Highlights of his career during this time was, along with Romig, the development of a screening assay designed to isolate the tox mutants of "Vibrio cholerae" (strains with altered toxin production ability) which led to the genetic mapping of the toxin-regulatory mutants in this bacterial species. He continued his work on cholera toxin as a post-doc at the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Harvard Medical School which was followed by his appointment as an assistant professor there | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63024364 |
John Mekalanos His early work as an independent researcher led to the identification of toxR, a gene that affects the expression of the cholera toxin operon ctxAB, the discovery that the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (entA) is a phage-encoded protein, and finally, the demonstration of the presence of duplications of the toxin operon in different strains of "Vibrio cholerae" that could account for the variable toxinogenicity of the strains which led to his promotion to Professor in 1986. He was appointed Chairman of the then department of Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (now Microbiology and Immunobiology) ten years later in 1996. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63024364 |
Jesus Santiago Moure Jesus Santiago Moure, born on 2 November 1912 in Ribeirão Preto, died on 10 July 2010 in Batatais, was a Brazilian entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63036678 |
Herbert Ferlando Schwarz (7 September 1883 – 2 October 1960) was an American entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera. He was appointed a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History in 1921, a position he held until his death, and was the editor of "Natural History" magazine from 1921 to 1925. Schwarz described numerous stingless bee (Meliponini) genera such as Plebeia and Partamona. The bee genera Schwarziana is named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63045531 |
Philip J. Clark Philip Jason Clark (January 28, 1920 – December 24, 1964) was an American ecologist and zoologist. He taught at the University of Oklahoma and at Michigan State University. He died on December 24, 1964, when he was hit by a pickup truck while walking home from his office at Michigan State University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63058332 |
Lee R. Dice Lee Raymond Dice (July 15, 1887 – January 31, 1977) was an American ecologist and geneticist who taught at the University of Michigan for almost his entire career. He taught at the University of Michigan for 38 years in total, during which time he founded the University's heredity clinic and served as director of its Institute of Human Biology. He served as president of the Ecological Society of America from 1952 to 1953 and received its Eminent Ecologist Award in 1964. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63058465 |
P-form (geology) A P-form (for "plastically moulded form") is a smoothed depression eroded by ice into bedrock. Three classes of P-form are recognised: transverse forms, longitudinal forms and non-directional forms and each of these are further subdivided on the basis of their shape. They are present on scales from tens of centimetres to several kilometres. The term was introduced in 1965 by glaciologist R Dahl though questioned by later authors with Kor introducing the term S-form (for "sculpted form") in 1991. Their origin is still debated but include i) the presence of debris within the base of moving ice, ii) of saturated till trapped between the base of a glacier and the bedrock, iii) of subglacial meltwater under pressure and iv) a mix of ice and water. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63063523 |
Wigner–Araki–Yanase theorem The Wigner–Araki–Yanase theorem, also known as the WAY theorem, is a result in quantum physics establishing that the presence of a conservation law limits the accuracy with which observables that fail to commute with the conserved quantity can be measured. It is named for the physicists Eugene Wigner, Huzihiro Araki and Mutsuo Yanase. The theorem can be illustrated with a particle coupled to a measuring apparatus. If the position operator of the particle is formula_1 and its momentum operator is formula_2, and if the position and momentum of the apparatus are formula_3 and formula_4 respectively, assuming that the total momentum formula_5 is conserved implies that, in a suitably quantified sense, the particle's position itself cannot be measured. The measurable quantity is its position "relative" to the measuring apparatus, represented by the operator formula_6. The generalizes this to the case of two arbitrary observables formula_7 and formula_8 for the system and an observable formula_9 for the apparatus, satisfying the condition that formula_10 is conserved. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63071801 |
Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann (12 January 1793 in St. Gallen– 18 April 1862 St. Gallen) was a Swiss painter, engraver and malacologist . He was the son of Georg Leonhard Hartmann (1764-1828), who was also a painter. After training in fine arts with his father in Zurich, Munich and Bern, he worked in St. Gallen from 1826 as a naturalist and miniature painter, heraldist and genealogist. He wrote Taxa described by Hartmann include "Discus ruderatus", "Ampullaceana ampla", "Trochulus clandestinus", "Bythiospeum acicula", "Papillifera" ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63075814 |
NGC 999 is an spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 196 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Edouard Stephan in 1871. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63077106 |
Otto Wilhelm Hermann Reinhardt (1838, Potsdam - 1924, Berlin) was a German botanist and conchologist. He was a teacher at a trade school in Berlin. Reinhardt was a friend of Paul Friedrich August Ascherson and co-founder of the botanical society in Brandenburg province. He described the snails "Vitrea subrimata" in 1871 and "Vallonia gracilicosta" and "Euconulus praticola" in 1883. This last is the type species of Reinhardt's genus "Euconulus". He was a Member of Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. His collection is curated in Senckenberg Museum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63082572 |
NGC 950 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is approximately 220 million light-years away from our solar system and has a diameter of about 85,000 light-years. The object was discovered in 1886 by American astronomer and mathematician Ormond Stone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63093546 |
NGC 960 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. The galaxy was discovered in 1886 by Francis Preserved Leavenworth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63093607 |
NGC 970 is a galaxy in the constellation Triangulum. It is estimated to be 437 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 100,000 ly. The object was discovered on September 14, 1850 by Bindon Blood Stoney. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63093632 |
NGC 3686 is a spiral galaxy that forms with three other spiral galaxies, NGCs 3681, 3684, and 3691, a quartet of galaxies in the Leo constellation. It was discovered on 14 March 1784 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63097582 |
Sander Rang or Paul Charles Leonard Alexander Rang (1793, Utrecht -1844, Mayotte) was a French conchologist and interpreter of Arabic texts. He was, in 1816, one of the survivors of the sinking of the frigate Medusa , on which he was a ensign .He spent a good part of his life in La Rochelle , where he published his early zoological observations, in particular in the bulletins of the Society of Natural Sciences of Charente-Maritimes.In 1841 Rang was one of the founding members of the Société des Amis des Arts now Musée des Beaux-Arts de La Rochelle.He specialised in marine fauna notably in sea hares, cephalopods and other molluscs and on the heterogenous group known as zoophytes.described many new mollusc species including the sea hares "Aplysia dactylomela", "Dolabrifera dolabrifera", the cuttlefish "Sepia hierredda" and the land snails "Striosubulina striatella", "Pleurodonte desidens " and "Opeas hannense". was born into a family of Protestant bourgeoisie (people with private wealth, an upper class social status, and its related culture) from Vivarais. His grandfather was Alexandre Rang des Adrets (1722-1792) a pastor from Crest , in the Drôme. His father, Jean-Alexandre Rang des Adrets (1757-1824) also a pastor, went into exile in Utrecht. Later he settled in La Rochelle. was born in Utrecht in 1793. He spent a good part of his life in La Rochelle.In 1816, aged 23, he enlisted on La Méduse a frigate ferrying French officials to the port of Saint-Louis, in Senegal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63104148 |
Sander Rang Ineptly commanded La Méduse struck the Bank of Arguin off the coast of present-day Mauritania and became a total loss.was one of 151 men on an improvised and later abandoned raft. After 13 days in the open ocean, the raft was discovered with only 15 men still alive.By then a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur he married Perrine Esther Agathe Louise Cassen-Vaucorbeil (26 August 1805 ,Saint-Malo - 9 June 1884, La Rochelle) at Île-de-France in 1827.She was a painter taught by Eugene Delacroix and the couple participated in all the cultural activities of La Rochelle. On 4th October 1829 he left the naval port of Toulon commanding the naval brig (brick de L'Etat) "La Champenoise" embarked for first Almeria, then Gorée and the Senegal coast then Ile de prince then to Brasil. At the time such voyages were a part of the expansion of the French colonial empire but Rang's naval duties allowed sufficient time to collect molluscs. Promoted to the rank of Captain 1st Class of corvette, he left La Rochelle and became captain of the port of Algiers in 1834. In 1837 he has the rank Officieur superiéure au Corps royal de la Marines and he was appointed administrator (superior commander) of Mayotte in 1842.He died of a fever.His wife married a banker in La Rochelle, Théophile Babut a year later. partial list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63104148 |
Unification (physics) Unification of the observable fundamental phenomena of nature is one of the primary goals of physics. The "first great unification" was Isaac Newton's 17th century unification of gravity, which brought together the understandings of the observable phenomena of gravity on Earth with the observable behaviour of celestial bodies in space. The "second great unification" was James Clerk Maxwell's 19th century unification of electromagnetism, brought together the understandings of the observable phenomena of magnetism, electricity and light (and more broadly, the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. This was followed in the 20th century by Albert Einstein's unification of space and time, and of mass and energy. Later, quantum field theory unified quantum mechanics and special relativity. This process of "unifying" forces continues today, with the ultimate goal of finding a theory of everything – it remains perhaps the most important of the unsolved problems in physics. There remain four fundamental forces which have not been decisively unified: the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, which produce significant long-range forces whose effects can be seen directly in everyday life, and the strong and weak interactions, which produce forces at minuscule, subatomic distances and govern nuclear interactions. Gravity and electromagnetism have been proposed together in the theory of Gravitoelectromagnetism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63107907 |
Unification (physics) Electromagnetism and the weak interactions are widely considered to be two aspects of the electroweak interaction. Attempt to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory of quantum gravity, a program ongoing for over half a century, have not yet been decisively resolved; current leading candidates are M-theory, superstring theory and loop quantum gravity. The ancient Chinese observed that certain rocks (lodestone and magnetite) were attracted to one another by an invisible force. This effect was later called magnetism, which was first rigorously studied in the 17th century. But even before the Chinese discovered magnetism, the ancient Greeks knew of other objects such as amber, that when rubbed with fur would cause a similar invisible attraction between the two. This was also first studied rigorously in the 17th century and came to be called electricity. Thus, physics had come to understand two observations of nature in terms of some root cause (electricity and magnetism). However, further work in the 19th century revealed that these two forces were just two different aspects of one force—electromagnetism. This process of "unifying" forces continues today, and electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force are now considered to be two aspects of the electroweak interaction. Physics hopes to find an ultimate reason (theory of everything) for why nature is as it is (see section "Current research" below for more information). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63107907 |
NASA Astronaut Group 23 is planned to be selected sometime in 2021. NASA announced the creation of this astronaut group in February 2020 and accepted applications for astronaut hires during the month of March 2020. For this class, the educational requirements increased to be at minimum a master's degree in a STEM field (engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics) from an accredited institution; in classes prior to this, a bachelor's degree was all that was required. Additionally, a 2-hour online assessment was required for the first time. Over 12,000 applications were received by NASA, coming from all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and four U.S. territories. The Group 23 Astronaut Candidates will arrive at the Johnson Space Center in Houston for training in the summer of 2021, and when their approximately two-year-long training program is complete, they become available for future missions to the International Space Station in low-Earth orbit aboard NASA or commercial crew vehicles, the Moon via the Artemis program, and Mars. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63113442 |
Roland R. Griffiths Roland Redmond Griffiths (born 1946) is an American psychopharmacologist. He is professor of neuroscience, psychiatry and behavioral science, and director of the Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Griffiths is credited with helping to revive interest in clinical research with psychedelic drugs in the late 2000s as a potential treatment for addiction, depression and anxiety. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63120960 |
Ninmah Corona is a corona found on the planet Venus, at Mead Quadrangle. It is named after Ninmah, a Sumer-Akkadian mother goddess. covers a circular area of around 700 km in diameter. is one of the four major coronae of eastern Eistla Regio (Didilia, Pavlova, Ninmah, and Isong). These coronae have relatively similar structure: an uplifted concentric feature with a central dome and surrounded by a relatively flat interior floor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63132914 |
NGC 4546 is a lenticular galaxy located in the direction of the constellation Virgo, with a total population of globular clusters estimated at about 390. Located 45.6 million light years away, with a stellar mass of about 27 billion solar masses, it has a declination of -03 ° 47 '35 "and an average rise of 12 hours, 35 minutes and 29.5 seconds. was discovered on December 29, 1786 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63147105 |
Paula Jofré (born 1982) is a Chilean astronomer and astrophysicist. She was named as one of "Time Magazine"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 100 Next for the year 2019. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63151456 |
Newman–Janis algorithm In general relativity, the Newman-Janis algorithm (NJA) is a complexification technique for finding exact solutions to the Einstein field equations. In 1964, Newman and Janis showed that the Kerr metric could be obtained from the Schwarzschild metric by means of a coordinate transformation and allowing the radial coordinate to take on complex values. Originally, no clear reason for why the algorithm works was known . In 1998, Drake and Szekeres gave a detailed explanation of the success of the algorithm and proved the uniqueness of certain solutions. In particular, the only perfect fluid solution generated by NJA is the Kerr metric and the only Petrov type D solution is the Kerr-Newman metric . The algorithm works well on f(R) and Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theories, but doesn't return expected results on Braneworld and Born-Infield theories. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63151790 |
Oskar Painter is a Canadian born (1972) experimental physicist who works on nanoscale optics, nanomechanical devices, and superconducting qubits. He is the John G. Braun Professor of Applied Physics and Professor of Physics at Caltech. Painter received his PhD from Caltech in 2001 under the supervision of Prof. Axel Scherer.. After graduation, Painter helped found Xponent Photonics along with Pete Sercel and Caltech colleagues Kerry Vahala and Amnon Yariv. Painter joined the Caltech faculty in 2002, as an Assistant Professor of Applied Physics . In 2012, he became Director at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and was awarded a Humboldt Professorship in 2013. In 2014, he returned to Caltech. Painter has also served as the co-Director of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute and co-PI of the Institute of Quantum Information and Matter during his time at Caltech. Painter's research has covered a myriad of topics, including photonic crystals and silicon photonics, to solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum optomechanics. More recently, he has shifted his research towards superconducting quantum circuits, with a particular emphasis on hybrid circuit architectures involving the integration of optical and nanomechanical devices. Lab Website | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63201912 |
Clerodendrum golden mosaic China virus (ClGMCNV) is a bipartite "Begomovirus" isolated from flowering plants in the "Clerodendrum" genus. The virus causes yellow mosaic disease in various plant species, including "Nicotiana", "Petunia", "Solanum", and "Capsicum" species. It is associated with a mosaic disease known as 'Dancing Flame'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63204044 |
To the Stars: Costa Rica in NASA (2018) is a book by Canadian writer Bruce James Callow and Costa Rican writer Ana Luisa Monge Naranjo published by Editorial Tecnológica de Costa Rica. The book documents the lives of the Costa Ricans who have worked for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) up to the date of the book's publication. The stories documented in the book share common themes including triumph over adversity and the importance of perseverance when faced with seemingly impossible obstacles. The book is laid out in an easy to read interview format making it accessible to young readers looking for career paths to aerospace careers. "To the Stars: Costa Rica in NASA" reveals the diversity of the important jobs Costa Ricans perform at NASA which serves as a source of pride and inspiration including in the wider Hispanic community. The public, and in particular educators focused on STEAM, have responded very positively to the book, both in Costa Rica and other countries including Canada, The USA and Mexico. Since the book was published in August 2018 the authors have embarked on an ongoing outreach program to share the positive messages as widely as possible. As of March 2020 over 60 workshops and web conferences had been delivered including a presentation at the Space Explorers Education Conference (SEEC)#SEEC2020 in Houston Texas, with the participation of Sandra Cauffman, Acting Director of NASA's Earth Science Division | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63217284 |
To the Stars: Costa Rica in NASA A high priority of the authors is to reach out to under-serviced populations and they have done workshops with students in Canadian First Nations communities, orphanages and in a center for underage mothers. The NASA Costa Ricans including engineers Andres Mora and Alfredo Valverde and oceanographer Joaquin Chaves have spoken to students at their workshops several times via web conferences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63217284 |
NGC 995 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 178 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63237399 |
NGC 990 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Aries about 157 million light years from the Milky Way . It was discovered by the German - British astronomer William Herschel in 1786. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63237439 |
NGC 810 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Cetus, approximately 342 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63237563 |
1,6-Dioxecane-2,7-dione is a chemical described as a cyclic lactone or lactide, which is formed as an impurity in the manufacture of polymer resins and biodegradable polyesters. It is the cyclic dimer of GHB. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63247646 |
Vaxart Vaxart, Inc. is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of oral recombinant vaccines administered using temperature-stable tablets that can be stored and shipped without refrigeration, eliminating the need for needle injection. Its development programs for oral vaccine delivery (called "VAAST") include prophylactic, enteric-coated tablet vaccines for inhibiting norovirus, seasonal influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and human papillomavirus. In 2019–20, began a program to develop an oral tablet vaccine for the 2019 coronavirus, COVID-19. has a collaborative development program for oral delivery of a vaccine against universal flu using proprietary antigens from Janssen Pharmaceutica (Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V.). The technology is based on the potential to prevent or inhibit infectious diseases by using orally-delivered vaccines by tablets, eliminating intramuscular injection concerns which may involve pain, cross-contamination, dosing inconsistencies, and higher cost for large-scale immunizations. As a proof of concept for oral vaccination efficacy, an oral vaccine against polio was proved to be safe and effective, and is in common use in many countries. uses enteric-coated tablets to protect the active vaccine from acidic degradation in the stomach, delivering the vaccine into the small intestine where it can engage the immune system to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune responses against a virus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63256201 |
Vaxart uses a specific virus called adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) as a delivery biological "vector" to carry genes coding for the antigen to generate a protective immune response. The Ad5 vector delivers the antigen to the epithelial cells lining the mucosa of the small intestine where it stimulates the immune system to respond against the vaccine antigen, creating a systemic immune response against a virus. The lead vaccine candidate by is an influenza oral tablet vaccine, which showed safety and neutralizing antibody responses to influenza virus in a 2015 Phase I clinical trial. A 2016-17 Phase II trial of the oral flu vaccine, VXA-A1.1, showed that the vaccine was well-tolerated and provided immunity against virus shedding, similar in effectiveness to an established intramuscular vaccine. In 2018, completed a Phase II challenge study, in which Vaxart's influenza tablet vaccine demonstrated a 39 percent reduction in clinical disease relative to placebo, compared to a 27 percent reduction by the injectable flu vaccine, Fluzone. In January 2020, announced development of a tablet vaccine to inhibit coronavirus, in competition with other biotechnology companies, such as Novavax, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, and Moderna. In April, the company reported positive immune responses in laboratory animals from its tests with a vaccine candidate for COVID-19. In 2019, several hedge funds invested in Vaxart, with the largest investment coming from Armistice Capital which acquired 25.2 million shares. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63256201 |
Vonnegut (crater) Vonnegut is a crater on Mercury, near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2017 after the American author Kurt Vonnegut. Part of Vonnegut's 1959 novel "The Sirens of Titan" takes place on Mercury. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area along the southern interior of Vonnegut, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit, and lies within the permanently shadowed part of the crater. Vonnegut is north of the slightly larger Yoshikawa crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63264680 |
Yoshikawa (crater) Yoshikawa is a crater on Mercury, near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2012 after the Japanese novelist Eiji Yoshikawa. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area along the southern interior of Yoshikawa, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit, and lies within the permanently shadowed part of the crater. Yoshikawa is south of the slightly smaller Vonnegut crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63268190 |
Patrícia Medici Emilia is a Brazilian conservation biologist who focuses on tapirs. She is the founder of the Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative. She has published peer-reviewed research on animal movements in the Anthropocene with conservation colleagues, and found that animals move less in human-influenced habitats. Her TED Talk on tapir conservation has been viewed over 1,400,000 times. Medici's work has included promoting putting reflective lighting on tapirs so that drivers can better see them at night. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63276644 |
Cel-Sci Corporation (NYSE American: CVM), is a biotechnology company that is testing drugs for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases through the research and development of immunotherapy products. It's product Multikine is currently in Phase III of Clinical Trials with the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Cel-Sci's main product is the drug Multikine, an immunotherapeutic agent designed and expected to fight cancer by stimulating the body's immune system. The therapeutic has also been referred to as Leukocyte Interleukin Injection (LI). Multikine was in Phase II testing of patients with head and neck cancer in the early 2000s, in which it demonstrated tumor-reducing ability. In January 2007, the US cleared the Phase 3 trial and Multikine was designated as an orphan drug by the FDA for the orphan population of neoadjuvant therapy of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 928 patients were enrolled in head and neck cancer trial at that time. was founded in 1983 in Germany by Maximilian de Clara of Switzerland, who was also the president of the company until 2016 when he resigned. The company went public in the year of its founding, 1983. The company's United States research and development operations were based in Baltimore, Maryland in the mid-1990s. NYT reported that Cel-Sci received an unsolicited cash offer of $124 million In 1999 from an unidentified person in Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63280117 |
Cel-Sci Corporation In 1997, CEL-SCI bought out a technology which enabled regulation of immune system responses that they had been licensing from the Dutch company Sittona. In 2018, Cel-Sci won a 4.5-year-long arbitration suit filed in October 2013 against CRO for breach of contract. The arbitrator awarded Cel-Sci $2.9 million in damages because the CRO was failed to enroll required number of patients over the period of 2 years that delayed clinical development of Multikine. Later, the arbitration and FDA allowed Cel-Sci to focus and continue to the Phase III primary head and neck cancer study by lifting the FDA clinical hold imposed in August 2017. LEAPS (Ligand Epitope Antigen Presentation System) technology, a therapeutic vaccine for rheumatoid arthritis. HGP-30 is also the product being tested to find if it is an effective treatment against the AIDS virus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63280117 |
Diphoterine is a chemical solution used for the emergency treatment of chemical spills to the eyes and body. contains an amphoteric molecule, that is, a substance which is capable of reacting with both acids and alkalis. When applied to either type of chemical spill, the appropriate part of the molecule neutralises the spilt chemical, halting the reaction with the body. Efficacy has been shown in studies in a clinical setting and also in studies on animals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63280303 |
Ackermannviridae is a family of viruses in the order "Caudovirales". Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 13 species divided among 3 genera and 2 sub-families, as well as 4 unassigned species. Group: dsDNA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63283325 |
2MASS J11263991−5003550 (2MASS J1126−5003) is a brown dwarf about 53 light-years distant from earth. The brown dwarf is notable for an unusual blue near-infrared color. This brown dwarf does not show subdwarf features and the blue color cannot be explained by an unresolved binary. Instead the blue color is explained by patchy clouds. The patchy cloud model allows thick clouds and a cloud coverage of 50% to explain the spectra of 2MASS J1126−5003. Other blue L-dwarfs exist, but are quite rare. 2MASS J1126−5003 has a deep water (HO) absorption feature in its spectra, which is comparable with late L-dwarfs and early T-dwarfs. It also shows weak carbon monoxide (CO) features. It lacks any methane (CH) feature and is therefore not a T-dwarf. Based on near-infrared spectra this brown dwarf was therefore classified as an L9 spectral type brown dwarf. The optical spectrum is on the other hand more similar to a mid-type L-dwarf. Here a spectral type of L4.5 fits the optical spectrum. This optical spectral type is a more reliable estimate as the near-infrared spectrum does not fit spectra from other L-dwarfs. Lower metallicity and higher surface gravity might play a role in the formation of the weather on 2MASS J1126−5003. Lower metallicity reduces the available metal species to form cloud condensates. The higher surface gravity might cause an increased sedimentation of cloud condensates, resulting in thinner clouds. Other factors, like rotation, vertical upwelling and magnetic fields might play a role as well | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63303180 |
2MASS J11263991−5003550 Previously one suggested scenario were thinner clouds. This brown dwarf shows variations in the J-band and at mid-infrared wavelengths with a period of 3.2 ± 0.3 hours. This is a clear indication of patchy clouds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63303180 |
Radiata Plateau is a colloquial name given to a parcel of land on the upper Blue Mountains western escarpment, NSW, Australia. The area comprises a well-defined plateau to the west of Pulpit Hill Road, Katoomba, with an area of 756 Acres of pristine natural bushland bordering the Megalong Valley and Greater Blue Mountains world heritage area. The property was owned by the previous owners for 45 years (1974–2019) and known to them as ‘Invincibility Point’. The area, with an address listed as 28 Pulpit Hill Road, Katoomba, was last advertised in 2019 as one of the largest undeveloped escarpment properties ever offered for sale in the Upper Blue Mountains, composed of 5 lots on one title and one separate title lot of . Formerly known as Pulpit Plateau, in the 1960s the plateau was cleared for a plantation of Radiata Pine, hence the name. It was purchased by the NSW State Government in 2019 for $2.8 million. On 8 October 2019, NSW Environment Minister Matt Kean announced that will be incorporated into the State's national park reserve system. The area houses several species including the spotted-tail quoll, greater glider, and flame robin, while traditional Aboriginal pathway Blacks Ladder runs through the area. Blacks Ladder was first opened up to the public as a "tourist track" in 1924, then referred to as Devil's Hall. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63307801 |
Sapkota (crater) Sapkota is a crater on Mercury, located near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2015, after Nepalese poet Mahananda Sapkota. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a lack of a radar-bright area within the interior of Sapkota, despite the fact that the floor of the crater is in permanent shadow. Many nearby craters do have radar-bright areas which likely indicate water ice deposits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63310023 |
Grace Gobbo is a botanist studying traditional medicines used by healers in Tanzania. Grace works to interview healers and record the plants they use in an effort to identify indigenous plants for medicinal uses. Gobbo was the winner of the 2007 WINGS field research award. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63311415 |
Laxness (crater) Laxness is a crater on Mercury, located near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2013, after Icelandic writer Halldór Laxness. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area along the southern interior of Laxness, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit, and lies within the permanently shadowed part of the crater. Fuller crater is southeast of Laxness. Both lie in the northern part of the Goethe Basin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63312071 |
Fuller (crater) Fuller is a crater on Mercury, located near the north pole. It was named by the IAU in 2013, after American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area along the southern interior of Fuller, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit, and lies within the permanently shadowed part of the crater. Laxness crater is northwest of Fuller. Both lie in the northern part of the Goethe Basin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63312093 |
Tryggvadóttir (crater) Tryggvadóttir is a crater on Mercury. The north pole of Mercury is located next to its northern rim. It was named by the IAU in 2012 after the Icelandic artist Nína Tryggvadóttir. All but the rim of the crater is in permanent shadow. S band radar data from the Arecibo Observatory collected between 1999 and 2005 indicates a radar-bright area covering the entire floor of Tryggvadóttir, which is probably indicative of a water ice deposit. Tryggvadóttir is adjacent to the larger Tolkien crater and to Chesterton crater. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63334199 |
PSO J030947.49+271757.31 PSO J030947.49+271757.31, sometimes shortened to PSO J0309+27, is the most distant known blazar located in the Aries constellation. The blazar has a redshift of 6.1, meaning its light took almost 13 billion years to reach Earth, when the universe was about 1 billion years old, and its present comoving distance is about 30 billion light-years. It was discovered by a team of researchers led by Silvia Belladitta, a Ph.D. student at the University of Insubria, working for the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) in Milan, Italy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63355303 |
Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences The (BMLS) is an interdisciplinary research institute located on Riedberg Campus of Goethe University Frankfurt in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The research building with 3000 m of laboratory (70%) and office (30%) space was completed in 2011. BMLS houses most of the professorships appointed by the Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt as well as several junior research groups. It represents a highly international and interdisciplinary environment, bridging activities of four of the CEF-associated faculties of Goethe University, including biochemistry, chemistry, biosciences, physics and medicine. Around 180 people from over 20 nationalities are working in BMLS. The Frankfurt Center for Advanced Light Microscopy and the Frankfurt Center for Electron Microscopy are located in the BMLS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63362171 |
Peter Orlebar Bishop Peter Bishop FRS (14 June 1917 — 3 June 2012) was an Australian neurophysiologist whose research involved study of the mammalian visual system. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1977. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63363687 |
SHC014-CoV is a SARS-like coronavirus (SL-COV) which infects horseshoe bats (f. Rhinolophidae), first discovered in China in 2013. From April 2011 to September 2012, 117 anal swabs and fecal samples of bats were collected from a Rhinolophus sinicus bat colony in Kunming County (Yunnan Province in south-western China). 27 out of 117 samples (23%) contained seven different isolates of a SARS-like coronaviruses, among which were two previously unknown, called RsSHC014 and Rs3367. In 2015, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Wuhan Institute of Virology conducted research showing the virus could be made to infect the human HeLa cell line, through the use of reverse genetics to create a chimeric virus consisting of a surface protein of SHC014 and the backbone of a SARS virus. The SL-SHC014-MA15 version of the virus, primarily engineered to infect mice, has been shown to differ 7% (over 5,000 nucleotides) from SARS-CoV-2, the cause of a human pandemic in 2019–2020. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63372295 |
NGC 670 is a lenticular galaxy located in the Triangulum constellation about 165 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1786. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63405893 |
NGC 620 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda about 112 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63405954 |
NGC 820 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries about 197 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel in 1828. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63410457 |
NGC 830 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 173 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 70,000 light years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63410530 |
NGC 850 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 366 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 130,000 lys. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63410575 |
NGC 840 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus south of the ecliptic . It is estimated to be 327 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 175,000 lys. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63410607 |
NGC 860 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum about 395 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan in 1871. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63410698 |
Eurythenes plasticus is a species of amphipod of the genus Eurythenes, first described in 2020. It was named in reference to the PET plastic found in its stomach. It was found between depths of 6010m and 6949m in the Mariana Trench in 2014. The plastic microfibre that was found in its hindgut was 84% similar to PET plastic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=63411149 |
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