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Spin echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) measures structures from around 20 to 2000nm in size. The information is presented as a real-space (similar to g(r)) as opposed to a reciprocal space (q(r)) mapping. The this can simplify the interpretation for some systems. SESANS is useful for studying processes that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62181250 |
Robert C. Armstrong Robert Calvin Armstrong is director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative. He has been a member of the MIT faculty since 1973, and served as head of the Department of Chemical Engineering from 1996 to 2007. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62181814 |
Hunic superterrane The is a terrane that is now attached to Europe and Asia. At the end of the Ordovician or beginning of the Silurian it separated from Gondwana and joined Laurasia at the beginning of the Carboniferous, at the time of the Variscan orogeny. Rather than being a single block, there were apparently two gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62191085 |
Southern exposure (terminology) Southern exposure is increased sunlight received by south-facing land, walls, windows, and other relevant entities in the Northern Hemisphere. Southern exposure is often considered "full sun". Sunlight differentials for southern exposure are caused by the 23-degree axis tilt of the Earth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62191409 |
Baydzharakh (), a term based in the Yakut language, is a roughly cone-shaped natural rock formation. They are usually composed of siltstone, silty peat or loam. Baydzharakhs form owing to thermokarst activity in periglacial areas. They are the result of a cryolithological process by which polygonal ice-wedges thaw with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62232882 |
Hughes–Ingold symbol A describes various details of the reaction mechanism and overall result of a chemical reaction. For example, an S2 reaction is a substitution reaction ("S") by a nucleophilic process ("N") that is bimolecular ("2" molecular entities involved) in its rate-determining step. By contrast, an E2 reacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62256831 |
Stanley Charles Seagrief (21 February 1927 Salisbury - 14 July 1995) was a South African botanist and botanical illustrator, specialising in phycology. His first post-school studies were at Rhodes University in 1944–49, graduating with a B.Sc. in 1947 and a M.Sc. in 1950. He then attended Cambridge University in 1950-5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62259626 |
Margaret McCarthy (academic) Margaret M. "Peg" McCarthy (born August 21, 1958) is an American neuroscientist and pharmacologist. She is the James & Carolyn Frenkil Endowed Dean's Professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, where she is also Professor and Chair of the Department of Pharmacology. She is k... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62261435 |
Scandinavium (genus) Scandinavium is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacteria of the family "Enterobacteriaceae." It contains a single species, Scandinavium goeteborgense. The type strain of the species is "S. goeteborgense" CCUG 66741 = CECT 9823 = NCTC 14286 and i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62285440 |
Northumberland Trough The Northumberland Trough, also known as the Northumberland Basin, is an element of the structural geology of northern England, the origin of which dates back to the Carboniferous period when a block and basin province was established throughout the Pennine region. The trough is an ENE-WSW aligned... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62304118 |
Organix Inc is a US fine chemicals company specialising in chemical synthesis of analytical standards and custom synthesis of finished compounds and intermediates. Organix carries out research and development of novel molecules used in a variety of pharmaceutical research applications. Some notable compounds include; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62359279 |
NGC 3749 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Centaurus at an approximate distance of 130.52 million light-years. was discovered in 1835 by John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62374983 |
Acta Geologica Polonica is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original papers on all aspects of geology. It is published by the Institute of Geology, University of Warsaw. The current editor-in-chief is Piotr Łuczyński. The journal is abstracted and indexed in: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62393071 |
Giomar Helena Borrero-Pérez is a Colombian marine biologist. In 2012 she became the sixth Colombian scientist to be awarded a L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award. Her work considers the conservation of sea cucumbers. Borrero was born in Mitú. She attended the National Indigenous Normal School of Mitú until 1992. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62393626 |
Scandian orogeny The was an orogeny mountain building event, preserved in the rocks of eastern Greenland, eastern Svalbard, northern Scotland and much of the coast of Norway. The orogeny occurred from 435 to 410 million years ago, as Baltica and Laurentia collided. The remnants of an ophiolite complex which was obducte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62395148 |
Boothite is a very rare, naturally occurring mineral containing hydrated copper sulphate. Discovered in Oakland California before 1959. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62398982 |
Estudios Geológicos is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles and reviews in Earth Sciences. It is a journal operated by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), with the Geosciences Institute at the Complutense University of Madrid. The current executive editor is Jose María Ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62406211 |
Jena glass (German: "Jenaer Glas") is a shock- and heat-resistant glass used in scientific and technological applications, especially in chemistry. The glass was invented by Otto Schott in 1884 in Jena, Germany, where he had established Schott AG with Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss. is a borosilicate which, in early manufac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62408275 |
Lopian orogeny The (also known as the Rebolian orogeny) was a mountain building event that affected the Baltic Shield during the Archean, between 2.9 and 2.6 billion years ago. The Kola-Belomorian gneiss and Karelian granitoid-greenstone terrane both formed during this time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62410585 |
Sven Gustaf Hedin (1859–1933) was a Swedish chemist and physiologist credited with the discovery of histidine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62419778 |
Perturbed angular correlation The perturbed γ-γ angular correlation, PAC for short or PAC-Spectroscopy, is a method of nuclear solid-state physics with which magnetic and electric fields in crystal structures can be measured. In doing so, electrical field gradients and the Larmor frequency in magnetic fields as well as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation In the 1960s and 1970s, interest in PAC experiments sharply increased, focusing mainly on magnetic and electric fields in crystals into which the probe nuclei were introduced. In the mid-1960s, ion implantation was discovered, providing new opportunities for sample preparation. The rapid e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation 5 ns and is the sensitive state for the PAC. This state in turn decays into the 1/2+ ground state by emitting a γ-quantum with 245 keV. PAC now detects both γ-quanta and evaluates the first as a start signal, the second as a stop signal. Now one measures the time between start and stop for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation According to the number n of detectors, the number of individual spectra (z) results after z=n²-n, for n=4 therefore 12 and for n=6 thus 30. In order to obtain a PAC spectrum, the 90° and 180° single spectra are calculated in such a way that the exponential functions cancel each other out ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation With single crystals, depending on the orientation of the crystal to the detectors, certain transition frequencies can be reduced or extinct, as can be seen in the example of the PAC spectrum of zinc oxide (ZnO). In the typical PAC spectrometer, a setup of four 90° and 180° planar arrayed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation In the case of probes with complex cascades, this makes it makes it possible to perform a data optimization or to evaluate several cascades in parallel, as well as measuríng different probes simultaneously. The resulting data volumes can be between 60 and 300 GB per measurement. As materia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Nano-materials have a crystalline core and a shell that has a rather amorphous structure. This is called core-shell model. The smaller the nanoparticle becomes, the larger the volume fraction of this amorphous portion becomes. In PAC measurements, this is shown by the decrease of the cryst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation If, on the other hand, radiation defects in the crystal and their healing are to be examined, unperseived samples are measured, which are then annealed step by step. The implantation is usually the method of choice, because it can be used to produce very well-defined samples. In a vacuum, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation This method is particularly well suited if, for example, the PAC probe diffuses only poorly in the material and a higher concentration in grain boundaries is to be expected. Since only very small samples are necessary with PAC (about 5 mm), micro-reactors can be used. Ideally, the probe is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Radioactive ion beams are produced at the ISOLDE by bombarding protons from the booster onto target materials (uranium carbide, liquid tin, etc.) and evaporating the spallation products at high temperatures (up to 2000 °C), then ionizing them and then accelerating them. With the subsequent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation The radioactive nucleus is built into the sample material and emits two formula_3-quanta upon decay. During the lifetime of the intermediate state, i.e. the time between formula_10 and formula_8, the core experiences a disturbance due to the hyperfine interaction through its electrical and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation With formula_38 follows: From the general theory we get: For the magnetic interaction follows: The energy of the hyperfine electrical interaction between the charge distribution of the core and the extranuclear static electric field can be extended to multipoles. The monopole term only cau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation The nuclear quadrupole moment formula_67 is often determined only very inaccurately (often only with 2-3 digits). Because formula_64 can be determined much more accurately than formula_67, it is not useful to specify only formula_32 because of the error propagation. In addition, formula_64... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation If there is a magnetic and electrical interaction at the same time on the radioactive nucleus as described above, combined interactions result. This leads to the splitting of the respectively observed frequencies. The analysis may not be trivial due to the higher number of frequencies that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Perturbed angular correlation Likewise, the high-energy transition process may cause the Auger effect, that can bring the core into higher ionization states. The normalization of the state of charge then depends on the conductivity of the material. In metals, the process takes place very quickly. This takes considerabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62421802 |
Electrotaxis Electrotaxis, also known as galvanotaxis, is the directed motion of biological cells or organisms guided by an electric field or current. A wide variety of biological cells can naturally sense and follow DC electric fields. Such electric fields arise naturally in biological tissues during development and h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62437129 |
Rayner orogeny The was a mountain building that thickened the early continental crust (the cratonic nucleus) of what is now East Antarctica 3.5 billion years ago. Rocks preserving the orogeny are found in the rough vicinity of the Scott Mountains between Enderby Land in the north and Kemp Land in the south. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62439166 |
Dabie-Sulu orogeny The also termed Qinling-Dabie-Sulu or Dabie Shan-Sulu was a mountain building event in the Triassic from 240 to 220 million years ago caused by the collision of the North China and South China cratons. It extends 2000 kilometers (1250 miles) from the Tanlu fault zone between Shanghai and Wuhan in mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62441248 |
Chonide orogeny The was a mountain building event in the Triassic preserved in coastal accretionary complexes in southwestern Chile. The Chonos Metamorphic Complex, Madre de Dios Accretionary Complex and Diego de Almagro Complex all outcrop west of the South Patagonian Batholith. Rocks in the Chonos Metamorphic Complex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62441320 |
Insel orogeny The was a mountain building event in the late Archean, 2.65 billion years ago, in what is now Antarctica. First identified by geologists in Queen Maud Land and the southern Prince Charles Mountains, the orogeny produced rocks that reached amphibolite-grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies, produced l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62441360 |
Transamazonian orogeny The was a mountain building event in the Paleoproterozoic, affecting what is now the São Francisco Craton and Guyana Shield. During the orogeny from 2.14 to 1.94 billion years ago two small Archean proto-continents—including the greenstone belt-dominated Gavião Block and the calc-alkaline charnoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445120 |
Early Ruker orogeny The was a mountain building event from 2.0 to 1.7 billion years ago in the Proterozoic and a key event in the assembly of Antarctica. Much of central Antarctica was added to the nucleus of the continent (in East Antarctica) during this time period. The event resulted in widespread formation of intra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445250 |
Late Ruker orogeny The also known as the Nimrod orogeny was a mountain building event around 1 billion years ago in the Proterozoic. Large portions of West Antarctica were added to the continent during this event. The orogeny was marked by subsidence, sedimentation and underwater volcanic eruptions along the proto-Paci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445321 |
Beardmore orogeny The was a mountain building event in the Neoproterozoic affecting what is now Antarctica. The event is preserved in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, potentially in the Shackleton Range and by argillite-greywacke series in the Horlick Mountains, Queen Maud Land and the Thiel Mountains. Upright folds, asy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445379 |
Borchgrevink orogeny The also termed the Borchgrevink event is a proposed mountain building event in Antarctica in the Devonian and Silurian. The event is recorded by metamorphic rocks in Victoria Land as well as igneous and metamorphic rocks found throughout Marie Byrd Land, Thurston Island and the Antarctic Peninsula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445437 |
Ross orogeny The was a mountain building event in Antarctica in the early Paleozoic. The ancestral (also termed proto-) Trans-Antarctic Mountains were uplifted earlier by the Beardmore orogeny but had eroded as a broad epicratonic sea flooded much of Antarctica in the Cambrian. Shallow water sedimentary rocks, platform... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445513 |
Ivanpah orogeny The was a mountain building event in the Proterozoic from 1.71 to 1.70 billion years ago, preserved in the Ivanpah Mountains and the rocks of some mountain ranges in western Arizona and eastern California. The event is closely related to the Yavapai orogeny and may have had the same underlying causes. F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445595 |
Great Falls orogeny The also termed Big Sky orogeny (in reference to its last phase found in the Tobacco Root Mountains) was a mountain building event in the Proterozoic preserved in what is now Montana and northwestern Wyoming. It is one of several orogenis involved in the assembly of the proto-North American continen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62445686 |
Chemical gardening refers to the process of creating complex biological-looking structures by mixing chemicals together wherever large amounts of such chemicals naturally occur. More simply, forming natural minerals to mimic biology. For example, mixing iron-rich particles with alkaline liquids containing the chemicals... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62446002 |
Isan orogeny The affected the Mount Isa Inlier in what is now Australia between 1.65 and 1.50 billion years ago in the Proterozoic. Deformation from the event is widespread and complex in the Eastern Fold Belt, with no consensus on timing and sub-events as of 2017. To date, most research has focused on the Snake Creek ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62446333 |
Barramundi orogeny The was an orogenic event in what is now Australia between 1.88 and 1.84 billion years ago in the Proterozoic that affected Mount Isa and Pine Creek orogenic domains. Immediately before the orogeny, extension of Archean crust led to widespread basin formation. A large magmatic, granitoid forming even... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62446391 |
H2356-309 is a blazar (a type of active galactic nucleus) located behind the Sculptor Wall. Using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the XMM-Newton, scientists have detected the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) between the galaxies in the Sculptor Wall. Scientists observed the absorption of a background light source... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62448778 |
Eric Steig Eric Julian Steig is a Canadian-American glaciologist and geochemist who serves as professor of Earth and Space sciences at the University of Washington. He is also the founding co-director of ISOLAB and a founding member of RealClimate. In 2019, he was named a fellow of the American Association for the Adva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62449173 |
Dresden White Diamond The (also known as Dresden White or the Saxon White) is a cushion-cut diamond that probably originated from the Golconda mines in Southern India. The Dresden White's name is derived from Dresden, the capital city of Saxony, Germany, and from the gem's white color. When the diamond was first shown ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62463264 |
Dresden White Diamond On November 25, 2019, a group of thieves stole much of the jewelry in the Green Vault during the 2019 Dresden heist, including the White Diamond. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62463264 |
Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes.. The first version was published in 2013 and resolved 66 orders. The latest version (ver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62464531 |
Anton Brugmans (1732–1789) was Dutch physicist who proposed a two-fluid theory of magnetism. He did magnetism experiments by putting objects on water or mercury, using surface tension to make them float and magnets to move them. He discovered the diamagnetism of bismuth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62491064 |
Robert R. L. Guillard (February 5, 1921 - September 25, 2016) was a scientist that contributed to the fields of aquaculture, oceanography, and phycology, particularly the phytoplankton. He earned his Ph.D. from Yale University. In 1958, he joined Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as an associated scientist and later... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62502569 |
John T. Polhemus (11 September 1929 Ames, Iowa – 21 May 2013 Englewood, Colorado) was an American entomologist specialising in semi-aquatic Heteroptera. Polhemus wrote 288 peer-reviewed publications and described 474 species new to science. Polhemus was born in the American city of Ames, Iowa, the son of George and Els... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62508801 |
NGC 834 is a spiral galaxy located in the Andromeda constellation. It is estimated to be 160 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy and has a diameter of about 65,000 light-years. The object was discovered on September 21, 1786 by the astronomer William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62541187 |
NGC 874 is a spiral galaxy located in the Cetus constellation. It is estimated to be 572 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy and has a diameter of approximately 80,000 light-years. was discovered in 1886 by Frank Muller. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62541410 |
NGC 740 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the Triangulum constellation. It is estimated to be 210 million light-years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of about 85,000 light-years. It was discovered by the Irish engineer Bindon Stoney, an assistant to William Parsons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62542493 |
NGC 1210 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax, about 177 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the American astronomer Ormond Stone in 1885. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62543985 |
The Habitable Exoplanet Hunting Project is an international network of both professional and amateur astronomers created and coordinated by Alberto Caballero, an amateur astronomer and host of The Exoplanets Channel. As of December 2019, the network comprises 32 observatories located worldwide, including universities s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62558712 |
The Habitable Exoplanet Hunting Project As of December 2019, the network has already conducted observations on GJ 436 and GJ 1214, with a new campaign on GJ 3470 starting in January 2020. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62558712 |
Ching-Liang Lin (; 22 January 1931 – 18 November 2019) was a Taiwanese physicist and professor at National Taiwan University. She was the first woman to be head of their department of physics She was born in 1931 in Takao Prefecture (present-day Kaoshiung). She graduated from Kaohsiung Municipal Kaohsiung Girls' Senior... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62560284 |
Ching-Liang Lin She continued to teach for twenty years, and she was cited as a role model for other women to study physics. She retired and died in 2019 at National Taiwan University Hospital. In addition she has a large number of patents in her name. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62560284 |
NGC 605 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Andromeda, which is about 234 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered on October 21, 1881 by the French astronomer Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62564349 |
NGC 770 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Aries. It is around 120 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of around . is gravitationally linked to NGC 772. The galaxy was discovered on November 3, 1855 by RJ Mitchell. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62564371 |
NGC 690 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus about 236 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1885. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62565170 |
NGC 622 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus about 234 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1785. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62565191 |
Irma Thesleff is a Professor Emerita at the University of Helsinki. Strome received a degree in dentistry from University of Helsinki and a Ph.D. in 1975, as well as post-graduate work at the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda. Thesleff has received several major science awards, served as president of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62583732 |
Open Insulin Project The is a biohacking project to develop a free and open source procedure to produce insulin in an attempt to combat high prices for commercial insulin supplies. Set up in 2015, its collaborators include Counter Culture Labs, ReaGent and BioFoundry. The project aims to create a process to manufacture... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62584569 |
Edwin Nicholas Arnold Edwin Nicholas "Nick" Arnold (b. 1940), is a British herpetologist and former Curator of Herpetology at the Natural History Museum, London. Arnold made seminal contributions to the herpetology of Europe and North Africa, especially on geckos and lizards of the family Lacertidae. He discovered and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62592698 |
NGC 630 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Sculptor. It is estimated to be 275 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 125,000 light years. The object was discovered on October 23, 1835 by the English astronomer John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62605727 |
KTHNY theory The KTHNY-theory describes melting of crystals in two dimensions (2D). The name is derived from the initials of the surnames of John Michael Kosterlitz, David J. Thouless, Bertrand Halperin, David R. Nelson, and A. Peter Young, who developed the theory in the 1970s. It is, beside the Ising model in 2D and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory predicts two continuous phase transitions, thus latent heat and phase coexistence is ruled out. The thermodynamic phases can be distinguished based on discrete versus continuous translational and orientational order. One of the transitions separates a solid phase with quasi-long range translational order a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory Unlike for melting in three dimensions, translational and orientational symmetry breaking does not need to appear simultaneously in 2D, since two different types of topological defects destroy the different types of order. Michael Kosterlitz and David Thouless tried to resolve a contradiction about 2D crys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory Unlike in 3D, where the peaks are arbitrarily sharp (formula_6-peaks), the 2D peaks have a finite width described with a Lorenz-curve. This is due to the fact, that the translational order is only quasi-long ranged as predicted by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. The hexatic phase is characterized by six segment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory Its contribution is small and can be neglected for large distance between defects. The main contribution stems from the logarithmic term (the first one in the brackets) which describes, how the energy of a dislocation pair diverges with increasing distance. Since the shortest distance between two dislocati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory the probability distribution for ``all´´ possible configurations of dislocation pairs given by the Boltzmann distribution formula_22. Here, formula_23 is the thermal energy with Boltzmann constant formula_24. For the majority of problems in statistical physics one can hardly solve the partition function du... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory The strain field of an isolated dislocation will be shielded and the crystal will get softer in the vicinity of the phase transition; Young’s modulus will decrease due to dislocations. In KTHNY theory, this feedback of dislocations on elasticity, and especially on Young’s modulus acting as coupling constan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory If additional (virtual) dislocations are present, the crystal will get additionally softer. If the crystal is additionally softer, the fugacity will increase further... and so on and so forth. David Nelson, Bertrand Halperin and independently Peter Young formulated this in a mathematically precise way, usi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory The recursion relation have a fix-point at formula_45 with formula_46. Now, formula_47 is the renormalized value instead of the bare one. Figure 2 shows Youngs’modulus as function of the dimensionless control parameter formula_48. It measures the ratio of the repelling energy between two particles and the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory The sign of the interaction gives attraction or repulsion for the winding numbers formula_55 and formula_56 of the five- and seven-folded disclinations in a way that ``charges´´ with opposite sign have attraction. The overall strength is given by the stiffness against twist. The coupling constant formula_5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
KTHNY theory Another special feature of Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions is, that translational and orientational correlation length in 2D diverge exponentially (see also hexatic phase for the definition of those correlation functions): The critical exponent becomes formula_68 for the diverging translational correlation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62606505 |
Super-puff A super-puff is a type of exoplanet with a mass only a few times larger than Earth’s but a radius larger than Neptune, giving it a very low mean density. They are cooler and less massive than the inflated low-density hot-Jupiters. The most extreme examples known are the three planets around Kepler-51 which a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62634082 |
HFE H63D gene mutation Homozygous mutations of HFE gene H63D are rarely the cause of hemochromatosis, however it is also associated with the occurrence of other conditions like hypotransferrinemia, liver dysfunction, bone and joint issues, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hormone imbalances, porphyria cutanea tarda (P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62635908 |
HFE H63D gene mutation A homozygous mutation of HFE gene H63D is an indication of an Iron Metabolism Disorder known as Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload) and may increase the risk to develop a fatty liver, cryptic (nonspecific) liver dysfunctions, metabolic syndrome and, in patients with a cirrhotic or a liver damaged due... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62635908 |
William M. Sinton (1925–2004) was a Harvard astronomer whose 1950s studies seemed to support the existence of Martian vegetation. A crater on Mars is named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62637695 |
NGC 880 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus about 554 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the American astronomer Francis Leavenworth in 1886. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62661221 |
Astronomy and spirituality have long been intertwined and closely related, mostly after their inception as mainstream subjects. When man started to take off the planet, psychological and cognitive changes were reported by people who directly interacted with outer space, either in visual manner or in exposure, demonstra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62662353 |
Pavlova Corona is a corona found on the planet Venus, at , Mead Quadrangle. It is named after Anna Pavlova, a Russian ballerina (1881-1931). covers a circular area of around 400 km in diameter. is one of the four major coronae of eastern Eistla Regio (Didilia, Pavlova, Ninmah, and Isong). These coronae have relatively ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62695989 |
Qiangtang terrane The Qiantang terrane is one of three main west-east-trending terranes of the Tibetan Plateau. During the Triassic, a southward-directed subduction along its northern margin resulted in the Jin-Shajing suture, the limit between it and the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. During the Jurassic, the Lhasa terrane me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62713230 |
Der Naturforscher ( "The Naturalist") was a German scientific publication of the Enlightenment devoted to natural history. It was published yearly from 1774 to 1804, by J. J. Gebauers Witwe and Joh. Jac. Gebauer at Halle and edited first by Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (from 1774 to 1778) and later by Johann Christian D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62714068 |
Der Naturforscher Some of the valid species first described in "Der Naturforscher" are several well-known European Lepidoptera: "Lysandra bellargus" (Rottemburg, 1775), "Polyommatus icarus" (Rottemburg, 1775), "Zygaena lonicerae" (Scheven, 1777), "Paranthrene tabaniformis" (Rottemburg, 1775) and "Hyles gallii" (Rottemb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62714068 |
Shower (precipitation) A shower is a mode of precipitation characterized by an abrupt start and end and by rapid variations in intensity. Often strong and short-lived, it comes from convective clouds, like cumulus congestus. A shower will produce rain if the temperature is above the freezing point in the cloud, or snow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62714703 |
Shower (precipitation) The type of precipitation will depend on the temperature structure in the cloud and below it: If the convection is more intense, it leads to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds which have a very large vertical extension. This permits the displacement of electric charges from the bottom to the to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62714703 |
Ellington (crater) Ellington is a crater on Mercury named after Duke Ellington, an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra. It was named by the IAU in 2012. Within Ellington is the smaller crater Berkel. The somewhat smaller crater Derain is to the northwest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62750078 |
Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (), also known as Sadr al-Shari'a al-Thani (), was a Hanafi-Maturidi scholar, fakih (jurist), mutakallim (theologian), mufassir (Qur'anic exegete), muhaddis (expert of the Hadith), nahawi (grammarian), laghawi (linguist), logician, and astronomer, known for both his theories of time and place ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=62773262 |
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