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Marco Drago is an Italian post-doctoral researcher who works on the search for gravitational waves of short duration. In 2007-2010 was Ph.D. student at University of Padua. In 2010 he defended a Ph.D. thesis titled "Search for transient gravitational wave signals with a known waveform in the LIGO Virgo network of interferometric detectors using a fully coherent algorithm" in Padua. In 2010-2014 worked as postdoc at University of Trento. From 2014, worked as postdoc at Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover, Germany. In 2017, returned to Italy to work at the Gran Sasso Science Institute. He plays classical piano and has published two fantasy novels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49400615 |
Sanjeev Dhurandhar is Professor at IUCAA, Pune. His research interest is detection and observation of Gravitational waves. Dhurandhar was part of the Indian team which contributed to the detection of gravitational waves. He is the science advisor to the IndIGO consortium council. He was awarded one of the H K Firodia awards for 2016. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49408289 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) is a specific suite of algorithms used for diffeomorphic mapping and manipulating dense imagery based on diffeomorphic metric mapping within the academic discipline of computational anatomy, to be distinguished from its precursor based on diffeomorphic mapping. The distinction between the two is that diffeomorphic metric maps satisfy the property that the length associated to their flow away from the identity induces a metric on the group of diffeomorphisms, which in turn induces a metric on the orbit of shapes and forms within the field of Computational Anatomy. The study of shapes and forms with the metric of diffeomorphic metric mapping is called . A diffeomorphic mapping system is a system designed to map, manipulate, and transfer information which is stored in many types of spatially distributed medical imagery. Diffeomorphic mapping is the underlying technology for mapping and analyzing information measured in human anatomical coordinate systems which have been measured via Medical imaging. Diffeomorphic mapping is a broad term that actually refers to a number of different algorithms, processes, and methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications for analysis and visualization. Diffeomorphic mapping can be used to relate various sources of information which are indexed as a function of spatial position as the key index variable | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping Diffeomorphisms are by their Latin root structure preserving transformations, which are in turn differentiable and therefore smooth, allowing for the calculation of metric based quantities such as arc length and surface areas. Spatial location and extents in human anatomical coordinate systems can be recorded via a variety of Medical imaging modalities, generally termed multi-modal medical imagery, providing either scalar and or vector quantities at each spatial location. Examples are scalar T1 or T2 magnetic resonance imagery, or as 3x3 diffusion tensor matrices diffusion MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging, to scalar densities associated to computed tomography (CT), or functional imagery such as temporal data of functional magnetic resonance imaging and scalar densities such as Positron emission tomography (PET). Computational anatomy is a subdiscipline within the broader field of neuroinformatics within bioinformatics and medical imaging. The first algorithm for dense image mapping via diffeomorphic metric mapping was Beg's LDDMM for volumes and Joshi's landmark matching for point sets with correspondence, with LDDMM algorithms now available for computing diffeomorphic metric maps between non-corresponding landmarks and landmark matching intrinsic to spherical manifolds, curves, currents and surfaces, tensors, varifolds, and time-series. The term LDDMM was first established as part of the National Institutes of Health supported Biomedical Informatics Research Network | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping In a more general sense, diffeomorphic mapping is any solution that registers or builds correspondences between dense coordinate systems in medical imaging by ensuring the solutions are diffeomorphic. There are now many codes organized around diffeomorphic registration including ANTS, DARTEL, DEMONS, StationaryLDDMM, FastLDDMM, as examples of actively used computational codes for constructing correspondences between coordinate systems based on dense images. The distinction between diffeomorphic metric mapping forming the basis for LDDMM and the earliest methods of diffeomorphic mapping is the introduction of a Hamilton principle of least-action in which large deformations are selected of shortest length corresponding to geodesic flows. This important distinction arises from the original formulation of the Riemannian metric corresponding to the right-invariance. The lengths of these geodesics give the metric in the metric space structure of human anatomy. Non-geodesic formulations of diffeomorphic mapping in general does not correspond to any metric formulation. Diffeomorphic mapping 3-dimensional information across coordinate systems is central to high-resolution Medical imaging and the area of Neuroinformatics within the newly emerging field of bioinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping Diffeomorphic mapping 3-dimensional coordinate systems as measured via high resolution dense imagery has a long history in 3-D beginning with Computed Axial Tomography (CAT scanning) in the early 80's by the University of Pennsylvania group led by Ruzena Bajcsy, and subsequently the Ulf Grenander school at Brown University with the HAND experiments. In the 90's there were several solutions for image registration which were associated to linearizations of small deformation and non-linear elasticity. The central focus of the sub-field of Computational anatomy (CA) within medical imaging is mapping information across anatomical coordinate systems at the 1 millimeter morphome scale. In CA mapping of dense information measured within Magnetic resonance image (MRI) based coordinate systems such as in the brain has been solved via inexact matching of 3D MR images one onto the other. The earliest introduction of the use of diffeomorphic mapping via large deformation flows of diffeomorphisms for transformation of coordinate systems in image analysis and medical imaging was by Christensen, Rabbitt and Miller and Trouve. The introduction of flows, which are akin to the equations of motion used in fluid dynamics, exploit the notion that dense coordinates in image analysis follow the Lagrangian and Eulerian equations of motion. This model becomes more appropriate for cross-sectional studies in which brains and or hearts are not necessarily deformations of one to the other | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping Methods based on linear or non-linear elasticity energetics which grows with distance from the identity mapping of the template, is not appropriate for cross-sectional study. Rather, in models based on Lagrangian and Eulerian flows of diffeomorphisms, the constraint is associated to topological properties, such as open sets being preserved, coordinates not crossing implying uniqueness and existence of the inverse mapping, and connected sets remaining connected. The use of diffeomorphic methods grew quickly to dominate the field of mapping methods post Christensen's original paper, with fast and symmetric methods becoming available. Such methods are powerful in that they introduce notions of regularity of the solutions so that they can be differentiated and local inverses can be calculated. The disadvantages of these methods is that there was no associated global least-action property which could score the flows of minimum energy. This contrasts the geodesic motions which are central to the study of Rigid body kinematics and the many problems solved in Physics via Hamilton's principle of least action. In 1998, Dupuis, Grenander and Miller established the conditions for guaranteeing the existence of solutions for dense image matching in the space of flows of diffeomorphisms. These conditions require an action penalizing kinetic energy measured via the Sobolev norm on spatial derivatives of the flow of vector fields | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping The large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) code that Faisal Beg derived and implemented for his PhD at Johns Hopkins University developed the earliest algorithmic code which solved for flows with fixed points satisfying the necessary conditions for the dense image matching problem subject to least-action. Computational anatomy now has many existing codes organized around diffeomorphic registration including ANTS, DARTEL, DEMONS, LDDMM, StationaryLDDMM as examples of actively used computational codes for constructing correspondences between coordinate systems based on dense images. These large deformation methods have been extended to landmarks without registration via measure matching, curves, surfaces, dense vector and tensor imagery, and varifolds removing orientation. Deformable shape in Computational Anatomy (CA)is studied via the use of diffeomorphic mapping for establishing correspondences between anatomical coordinates in Medical Imaging. In this setting, three dimensional medical images are modelled as a random deformation of some exemplar, termed the template formula_1, with the set of observed images element in the random orbit model of CA for images formula_2. The template is mapped onto the target by defining a variational problem in which the template is transformed via the diffeomorphism used as a change of coordinate to minimize a squared-error matching condition between the transformed template and the target | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping The diffeomorphisms are generated via smooth flows formula_3 , with formula_4, satisfying the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field associated to the ordinary differential equation, with formula_6 the Eulerian vector fields determining the flow. The vector fields are guaranteed to be 1-time continuously differentiable formula_7 by modelling them to be in a smooth Hilbert space formula_8 supporting 1-continuous derivative. The inverse formula_9 is defined by the Eulerian vector-field with flow given by To ensure smooth flows of diffeomorphisms with inverse, the vector fields with components in formula_10 must be at least 1-time continuously differentiable in space which are modelled as elements of the Hilbert space formula_11 using the Sobolev embedding theorems so that each element formula_12 has 3-times square-integrable weak-derivatives. Thus formula_11 embeds smoothly in 1-time continuously differentiable functions. The diffeomorphism group are flows with vector fields absolutely integrable in Sobolev norm In CA the space of vector fields formula_11 are modelled as a reproducing Kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) defined by a 1-1, differential operatorformula_15 determining the norm formula_16 where the integral is calculated by integration by parts when formula_17 is a generalized function in the dual space formula_18 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping The differential operator is selected so that the Green's kernel, the inverse of the operator, is continuously differentiable in each variable implying that the vector fields support 1-continuous derivative; see for the necessary conditions on the norm for existence of solutions. The original large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithms of Beg, Miller, Trouve, Younes was derived taking variations with respect to the vector field parameterization of the group, since formula_19 are in a vector spaces. Beg solved the dense image matching minimizing the action integral of kinetic energy of diffeomorphic flow while minimizing endpoint matching term according to Update until convergence, formula_20 each iteration, with formula_21: This implies that the fixed point at formula_22 satisfies which in turn implies it satisfies the Conservation equation given by the according to The landmark matching problem has a pointwise correspondence defining the endpoint condition with geodesics given by the following minimum: Joshi originally defined the registered landmark matching probleme | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping Update until convergence, formula_20 each iteration, with formula_21: This implies that the fixed point satisfy with The Calculus of variations was used in Beg to derive the iterative algorithm as a solution which when it converges satisfies the necessary maximizer conditions given by the necessary conditions for a first order variation requiring the variation of the endpoint with respect to a first order variation of the vector field. The directional derivative calculates the Gateaux derivative as calculated in Beg's original paper and. </math> The LDDMM variational problem is defined as Beg solved the early LDDMM algorithms by solving the variational matching taking variations with respect to the vector fields. Another solution by Vialard, reparameterizes the optimization problem in terms of the state formula_31, for image formula_32, with the dynamics equation controlling the state by the control given in terms of the advection equation according to formula_33. The endpoint matching term formula_34 gives the variational problem: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49418115 |
Ichnusaite is a very rarely found mineral. is a natural compound of thorium and molybdenum with the formula Th(MoO)·3HO. It was discovered in Su Seinargiu, Sarroch, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy in 2013. This locality is also a place of discovery of the second natural thorium molybdate - nuragheite. Muscovite, nuragheite, and xenotime-(Y) are the associates of ichnusaite. is chemically pure. The main features of the crystal structure of ichnusaite are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49419484 |
Rodney John Francis Henderson (born 1938) is an Australian botanist, specialising in taxonomy who worked for more than 48 years for the Queensland Public Service, 41 of those years at the Queensland Herbarium until he retired in 2002. The families he studied included the Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae. There are about 3,500 labelled specimens in Australian herbaria collected by Henderson, sometimes with other botanists. He was often sought after as an expert in the application of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature because of his knowledge of the code and of botanical Latin and Greek. Henderson was actively involved with the Australian Systematic Botany Society from its formation in 1973 and was its second vice-president. He was appointed Australian Botanical Liaison Officer to Kew Gardens for the 1978–79 term. His core activities at the Queensland Herbarium were the maintenance of the plant catalogues, the Queensland Plant Census and editing the journal Austrobaileya. He is the author of books and papers, especially of plants in the genus "Dianella" and the species "Hibbertia hendersonii", "Acacia hendersonii" and "Corymbia hendersonii" have been named in his honour. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49420613 |
List of genetically modified crops Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. As of 2015, 26 plant species have been genetically modified and approved for commercial release in at least one country. The majority of these species contain genes that make them either tolerant to herbicides or resistant to insects. Other common traits include virus resistance, delayed ripening, modified flower colour or altered composition. In 2014, 28 countries grew GM crops, and 39 countries imported but did not grow them. Regulations regarding the commercialisation of genetically modified crops are mostly conducted by individual countries. For cultivation, environmental approval determines whether a crop can be legally grown. Separate approval is generally required to use GM crops in food for human consumption or as animal feed. GM crops were first planted commercially on a large scale in 1996, in the US, China, Argentina, Canada, Australia, and Mexico. Some countries have approved but not actually cultivated GM crops, due to public uncertainty or further government restrictions, while at the same time, they may import GM foods for consumption. For example, Japan is a leading GM food importer, and permits but has not grown GM food crops. The European Union regulates importation of GM foods, while individual member states determine cultivation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49435114 |
List of genetically modified crops In the US, separate regulatory agencies handle approval for cultivation (USDA, EPA) and for human consumption (FDA). Two genetically modified crops have been approved for food use in some countries, but have not obtained approval for cultivation. A GM Melon engineered for delayed senescence was approved in 1999 and a herbicide tolerant GM wheat was approved in 2004. In 2014, 181.5 million hectares of genetically modified crops were planted in 28 countries. Half of all GM crops planted were genetically modified soybeans, either for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Eleven countries grew modified soybean, with the USA, Brazil and Argentina accounting for 90% of the total hectarage. Of the 111 hectares of soybean grown worldwide in 2014, 82% was genetically modified in some way. Seventeen countries grew a total of 55.2 million hectares of genetically modified maize and fifteen grew 23.9 hectares of genetically modified cotton. Nine million hectares of genetically modified canola was grown with 8 million of those in Canada. Other GM crops grown in 2014 include Alfalfa (862 000 ha), sugar beet (494 000 ha) and papaya (7 475 ha). In Bangladesh a genetically modified eggplant was grown commercially for the first time on 12ha. The majority of GM crops have been modified to be resistant to selected herbicides, usually a glyphosate or glufosinate based one. In 2014, 154 million hectares were planted with a herbicide resistant crop and 78.8 million hectares had insect resistant. This include 51 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49435114 |
List of genetically modified crops 4 million hectares planted in thirteen countries that contained both herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Less than one million hectares contained other traits, which include providing virus resistance, delaying senescence, modifying flower colour and altering the plants composition. Drought tolerant maize was planted for just the second year in the USA on 275 000 hectares. Genetically modified crops engineered to resist herbicides are now more available than conventionally bred resistant varieties. They comprised 83% of the total GM crop area, equating to just under 8% of the arable land worldwide. Approval has been granted to grow crops engineered to be resistant to the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, glufosinate glyphosate, sulfonylurea, oxynil mesotrione and isoxaflutole Most herbicide resistant GM crops have been engineered for glyphosate tolerance, in the USA 93% of soybeans and most of the GM maize grown is glyphosate tolerant. Most currently available genes used to engineer insect resistance come from the "Bacillus thuringiensis" bacterium. Most are in the form of delta endotoxin genes known as cry proteins, while a few use the genes that encode for vegetative insecticidal proteins. Insect resistant crops target various species of coleopteran (beetles) and lepidopteran (moths). The only gene commercially used to provide insect protection that does not originate from "B. thuringiensis" is the Cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49435114 |
List of genetically modified crops CpTI was first approved for use cotton in 1999 and is currently undergoing trials in rice. Many varieties of GM crops contain more than one resistance gene. This could be in the form of multiple insect resistant genes, multiple herbicide tolerance genes or a combination of the herbicide and insect resistant genes. Smartstax is a brand of GM maize that has eight different genes added to it, making it resistant to two types of herbicides and toxic to six different species of insects. While most crops are engineered to resist insects or tolerate herbicides some crops have been developed for other traits. Flowers have been engineered to display colours that they cannot do so naturally (in particular the blue color in roses). A few crops, like the genetically modified papaya, are engineered to resist viruses. Other modifications alter the plants composition, with the aim of making it more nutritious, longer lasting or more industrially useful. Recently crops engineered to tolerate drought have been commercialised. The following graph shows the area planted in GM crops in the five largest GM crop producing countries. The area planted is presented along the y axis in thousands of hectares while the year is along the x axis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49435114 |
Brendan Lepschi Brendan John Lepschi (born 1969) is an Australian botanist, whose interests include the taxonomy of the genus "Melaleuca", the families Santalaceae and Goodeniaceae and how exotic species become naturalised. He is the curator of the Australian National Herbarium at the Australian National Botanic Gardens which currently hold 1.2 million plant specimens. Lepschi is one of 3 editors of "Census of the Vascular Plants, Hornworts, Liverworts and Slime Moulds of the Australian Capital Territory" and the author or co-author of many taxonomic papers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49435155 |
Peggoty Mutai is a Kenyan chemist. Born in Kericho, her interests are in medicinal chemistry, in particular working with the search for new treatments against parasitic worms. After studying at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, where she obtained her Bachelor of Science and her Master's degree in pharmacy and pharmaceutical analysis, she was accepted at McGill University in Canada to continue pursuing her doctorate, which she had started at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Mutai was among the fifteen Fellows chosen by the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science to receive an international scholarship to pursue their research projects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49443401 |
Léia Scheinvar Léia Akcelrad Lerner de Scheinvar is a Brazilian-Mexican botanist. She has dedicated her work to studying and protecting Mexico's cacti. Scheinvar was born in Brazil on 30 September 1954. She received her doctorate in biology from the UNAM Faculty of Sciences in 1982. She is responsible for the "Laboratorio de Cactáceas" in the botanical garden of UNAM. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49447813 |
Joan Cribb Joan Winifred Cribb (née Herbert; born 1930) is an Australian botanist and mycologist. She was born in Brisbane, Queensland, the daughter of botanist Desmond Herbert. She graduated from the University of Queensland with a Bachelor of Science with Honours and a Master of Science. She married fellow botanist Alan Cribb in 1954, and several years later joined him at the University of Queensland as a part-time lecturer and tutor. Cribb specialised in gasteroid fungi, describing twenty-one new species in that group, as well as fourteen new species of marine fungi. For over 45 years travelled over Queensland discovering and recording gasteromycetes. She and her husband also investigated algae-inhabiting fungi found in marine habitats and have recorded occurrences of freshwater fungi in Queensland waterways. She was awarded the Australian Natural History Medallion in 1994. The secotioid fungi genus "Cribbea" was named after her. Fungus species named after her include "Hymenogaster cribbiae" and "Stephanospora cribbae". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49455272 |
Richard Robson (chemist) Richard Robson FAA (born 4 June 1937) is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne. Robson has published over 200 articles, specialising in coordination polymers, particularly metal-organic frameworks. He has been described as "a pioneer in crystal engineering involving transition metals". Robson was born in Glusburn in West Yorkshire in the UK, and read chemistry at the University of Oxford (BA 1959, DPhil 1962). He undertook postdoctoral research at California Institute of Technology 1962-64 and at Stanford University 1964-65, before receiving a Lectureship in chemistry at the University of Melbourne 1966-70 where he remained for the duration of his career. Professor Robson is a recipient of the prestigious Burrows Award, Inorganic Division of The Royal Australian Chemical Institute 1998 and was made a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science 2000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49469415 |
Anne's Spot refers to a reddish-colored anticyclonic oval in Saturn's atmosphere, observed in 1980 and 1981 at 55°S by the "Voyager" space probes. It was probably also observed in 2004 at about 53°S by the Cassini orbiter, one-third larger east-west and with faster winds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49476084 |
Jones–Dole equation The Jones–Dole equation, or Jones–Dole expression, is an empirical expression that describes the relationship between the viscosity of a solution and the concentration of solute within the solution (at a fixed temperature and pressure). The is written as formula_1 where The Jones–Dole "B" coefficient is often used to classify ions as either structure-makers (kosmotropes) or structure-breakers (chaotropes) according to their supposed strengthening or weakening of the hydrogen-bond network of water. The Jones–Dole expression works well up to about 1 M, but at higher concentrations breaks down, as the viscosity of all solutions increase rapidly at high concentrations. The large increase in viscosity as a function of solute concentration seen in all solutions above about 1 M is the effect of a jamming transition at a high concentration. As a result, the viscosity increases exponentially as a function of concentration and then diverges at a critical concentration. This has been referred to as the "Mayonnaise effect", as the viscosity of mayonnaise (essentially a solution of oil in water) is extremely high because of the jamming of micrometer-scale droplets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49492887 |
M. K. Chandrashekaran Maroli Krishnayya Chandrashekaran (4 September 1937 – 2 July 2009), also known as Shekar or MKC, was an Indian zoologist, regarded as the founder of Indian chronobiology, the study of biological rhythms of organisms. He was a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Third World Academy of Sciences, and in 1979 received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology. Born in Salem, Tamil Nadu, Chandrashekaran earned bachelor's and master's degrees in zoology at Presidency College, Chennai, and a PhD at the University of Madras. He served as editor of the "Journal of Biosciences" from 1991 to 1997 and "Resonance: Journal of Science Education" from 2003 to 2005. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49497694 |
Artur Burger (6 June 1943 – 23 September 2000) was an Austrian pharmacist and pharmacognosist. He taught pharmacognosy at the University of Innsbruck and published more than 100 papers on polymorphism in drugs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49505200 |
Helicase–primase complex A helicase–primase complex (also "helicase-primase", "Hel/Prim", "H-P" or "H/P") is a complex of enzymes including DNA helicase and DNA primase. A "helicase-primase associated factor" protein may also be present. The complex is used by herpesviruses, in which it is responsible for lytic DNA virus replication. In many dsDNA viruses, primase and helicase are fused into a single polypeptide chain, so that the primase and helicase domains correspond to the N-terminal and C-terminal parts of the protein, respectively. A "helicase-primase inhibitor" (HPI) is a drug that blocks this action through acting as an enzyme inhibitor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49509508 |
Metal-phenolic network A metal-phenolic network (MPN) is a supramolecular coordination structure which consists of metal ions and polyphenols. These materials were first reported by an Australian group at The University of Melbourne. Ejima et al. demonstrated that MPN materials can be coated on versatile substrates to form nanostructured films, and Guo et al. further expanded the toolbox of metal ions across the periodic table and demonstrated the multifunctional properties and functions of this class of materials. Unlike many other coating materials, which form covalent bonds with specific substrate molecules, MPNs adsorb to a wide variety of surfaces due to noncovalent forces. Due to their significant versatile coating and multifunctional properties, MPN-based materials has been one of the fastest growing fields in chemistry and materials science. The applications of MPN-based materials have been extended to a wide spectrum of fields, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and biotechnology. In 2016, the same group reported the new property of MPN (and polydopamine) in the particle assembly driven by polyphenol-based modular functionalization and interfacial molecular interactions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49511662 |
Herbert Hartley Herbert Kent Hartley (1908–1986) was an industrial chemist who pioneered the use of polyurethane in the UK, for which he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Plastics and Rubber Institute. He also devised an adhesive for the sticky bomb in World War 2. He was a keen climber and helped to organise the sport in the UK, founding the Manchester University Mountaineering Club, serving as the secretary of the Mountain Rescue Committee and president of the Rucksack Club. Fellow climber, Frank Solari, praised Hartley in his obituary for "The Alpine Journal", | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49512359 |
Phylogenetic inertia or phylogenetic constraint refers to the limitations on the future evolutionary pathways that have been imposed by previous adaptations. Charles Darwin first recognized this phenomenon, though the term was later coined by Huber in 1939. Darwin explained the idea of phylogenetic inertia based on his observations; he spoke about it when explaining the "Law of Conditions of Existence". Darwin also suggested that, after speciation, the organisms do not start over from scratch, but have characteristics that are built upon already existing ones that were inherited from their ancestors; and these characteristics likely limit the amount of evolution seen in that new taxa. This is the main concept of phylogenetic inertia. Richard Dawkins also explained these constraints by likening natural selection to a river in his 1982 book "The Extended Phenotype". Birds are the only speciose group of vertebrates that are exclusively oviparous, or egg laying. It has been suggested that birds are phylogenetically constrained, as being derived from reptiles, and likely have not overcome this constraint or diverged far enough away to develop viviparity, or live birth. There have been several studies that have been able to effectively test for phylogenetic inertia when looking into shared traits; predominantly with a comparative methods approach. Some have used comparative methods and found evidence for certain traits attributed to adaptation, and some to phylogeny; there were also numerous traits that could be attributed to both | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49516442 |
Phylogenetic inertia Another study developed a new method of comparative examination that showed to be a powerful predictor of phylogenetic inertia in a variety of situations. It was called Phylogenetic Eigenvector Regression (PVR), which runs principal component analyses between species on a pairwise phylogenetic distance matrix. In another, different study, the authors described methods for measuring phylogenetic inertia, looked at effectiveness of various comparative methods, and found that different methods can reveal different aspects of drivers. Autoregression and PVR showed good results with morphological traits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49516442 |
NGC 126 is a lenticular galaxy that was discovered on November 4, 1850 by Bindon Stoney, the very same day he discovered NGC 127 and NGC 130. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49528218 |
Tellurium ion resistance The Tellurium Ion Resistance (TerC) Family (TC# 2.A.109) is part of the Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily. A representative list of proteins belonging to the TerC family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. The TerC family (Pfam 03741) includes the "E. coli" TerC protein (TC# 2.A.109.1.1) which has been implicated in tellurium resistance. It is hypothesized to catalyze efflux of tellurium ions. TerC is encoded by plasmid pTE53 from a clinical isolate of "E. coli." It has 346 amino acyl residues (aas) and 9 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs) with a large hydrophilic loop between TMSs 5 and 6. A homologue in "Arabidopsis thaliana" (TC# 9.A.30.2.1) may function in prothylakoid membrane biogenises during early chloroplast development. It has 384 aas and 7-8 putative TMSs. In "E. coli", TerC forms a membrane complex with TerB as well as DctA, PspA, HslU, and RplK. The TerB/TerC complex may link different functional modules with biochemical activities of C4-dicarboxylate transport, inner membrane stress response (phage shock protein regulatory complex), ATPase/chaperone activity, and proteosynthesis. It may be part of a metal sensing stress response system. The co-presence of TerC and TerE but not TerF correlates with tellurite resistance when several hundred bacterial strains were assayed. The reaction proposed to be catalyzed by TerC is: tellurium ions (in) → tellurium ions (out). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49557171 |
Peptidoglycolipid addressing protein The Peptidoglycolipid Addressing Protein (GAP) Family is a member of the Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily. It is listed as item 2.A.116 in the Transporter Classification Database. The mechanism of its action is not known, but this family has been shown to be a member of the LsyE superfamily. Therefore, these proteins are most likely secondary carriers. The proposed generalized reaction catalyzed by members of the GAP family is: PGL (in) → PGL (outer membrane). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49557494 |
Syed Iqbal Hasnain is an Indian glaciologist, writer, educationist and the Chairman of the "Glacier and Climate Change Commission" of the Government of Sikkim. He is a former vice chancellor of the University of Calicut and a member of the "United Nations Environment Program Committee on Global Assessment of Black Carbon and Troposphere Ozone". Hasnain has served the Jawaharlal Nehru University as a professor of glaciology and has been associated with The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and the Centre for Policy Research, a social science research institute affiliated to the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR). A distinguished Visiting Fellow of the Stimson Center, he has delivered several orations and has written articles and a book on glaciology. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2009, for his contributions to studies on environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49577446 |
James Jenkins Simpson (24 November 1881 – 10 November 1936) was a British entomologist and marine biologist who worked in West Africa and Turkey. Son of a gardener from Elgin, he studied at Elgin West End School and Aberdeen Free Church Training College before graduating M.A. from Aberdeen University in 1904. He was a Carnegie Research Scholar and Fellow at Aberdeen. He joined the British Indian government to study pearl oyster fisheries in southern Burma in 1906 and then worked in East Africa with the Nyassa Company. In 1909 an Entomological Research Committee was formed to study ticks of economic importance in Africa. Simpson and Sheffield Airey Neave were appointed travelling entomologists and he collected mosquitoes, Tabanids, bed-bugs, fleas, lice and ticks in Nigeria in 1910 followed by visits to the Gold Coast and Sierra Leone. In 1919 Simpson joined the National Museum of Wales as Keeper of Zoology and in 1926 became Curator of the Public Museums of Liverpool. He then took up a position in Turkey to head the Department of Oceanography and Marine Biological Research. Travelling from Greece on the ship "Kyrenia", he was found missing from his cabin, last seen on the morning of 10 November 1936 and presumed drowned. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49579194 |
Fred Hermann Brandt (1908–1994) was a German entomological collector, botanist and Nazi secret agent in World War II who worked in Iran and Afghanistan during the 1930s. Brandt was born in St. Petersburg and grew up in Latvia. His brother, Wilhelm Brandt, was an entomologist who specialised in butterflies, and through his brother Fred also became interested in the field. In the Second World War, he became a counter-espionage agent and rose to the rank of Colonel within the German Wehrmacht and led a Brandenburg Battalion in 1939-40. An Afghan government mission to Berlin noted the problem of leprosy and the German government offered to help with a “leprosy research commission” which was headed by Dr Manfred Oberdörffer. Oberdörffer was invited by the Afghan government and he chose Brandt as an assistant. Brandt's knowledge of Russian, Iranian, Arabic and Islamic culture were considered key skills. Labelled by the British media as "the crafty butterfly colonel" they set up camp on the Waziristan border and joined the tribes there. On 15 July 1941 the pair took over a British field station in Waziristan and were attacked by Afghan troops. In the ensuing gun battle, they were both injured and Oberdörffer died of injuries on the way to Kabul while Brandt spent three months in hospital before being repatriated to Germany in November 1941. The main aim of their mission had been to recruit Mirza Ali Khan, a Waziri guerrilla leader known as the "Fakir of Ipi" to help in attacking British targets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49595721 |
Fred Hermann Brandt Hearing that many German officers were being shot as traitors by the Nazi leadership he joined British officers at Lezha and travelled to Bari as a prisoner of war. Brandt wrote a memoir of his army service in 1973. Some of the lepidopteran specimens collected by Brandt were studied later and some new species were described. "Scythris brandti" is named after him. His collections are deposited along with those of his brother Wilhelm Brandt in the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet at Stockholm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49595721 |
Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 1 (STSV-1 or STSV1) is a DNA virus of the family "Bicaudaviridae". It infects the hyperthermophilic archaeon "Sulfolobus tengchongensis" which can be found in the volcanic area of Tengchong, Baoshan City, in western Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49596228 |
NicO transporters The Nickel/Cobalt Transporter (NicO) Family (TC# 2.A.113) is a member of the Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily. A representative list of proteins belonging to the NicO family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. Homologues of the NicO family have differing predicted topologies: 6, 7 and 8 TMSs. One such homologue, RcnA (YohM; TC# 2.A.113.1.1) of "E. coli" (274 aas) has 6 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs) in a 3 + 3 arrangement with a large hydrophilic loop between putativeTMSs 3 and 4. Several homologues of RcnA (e.g., RcnA homologue from "Ralstonia solanacearum"; TC# 2.A.113.1.3; CAD17703) have 7 putative TMSs (4 + 3). Still another homologue, UreH of "Methanocaldococcus janaschii" (TC# 2.A.113.1.4) has 6 putative TMSs in a more characteristic 3 + 3 TMS arrangement. The NicO family within the LysE superfamily may have a common origin with the TOG superfamily, having lost TMSs 1 and 4 in the 8 TMS TOG superfamily topology. This protein is believed to catalyze Co and Ni efflux. The overall reaction catalyzed by proteins of the NicO family is probably: [Ni or Co] (in) → [Ni or Co] (out). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49601697 |
Woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WMSV), with synonym Simian sarcoma virus (often abbreviated by SSV, but this may also stand for some species called 'Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus', that belong to different genera in family Fuselloviridae) is a species of gammaretrovirus that infects primates. First isolation was from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey (genus "Lagothrix"). For its reproduction the virus needs a helper or associated virus which is called Simian sarcoma associated virus (SSAV). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49602948 |
Fontarnauite is a relatively recently described, rare sulfate, borate mineral with the formula (Na,K)(Sr,Ca)(SO)[BO(OH)]·2HO. It is found in an evaporite boron deposit. It coexists with other evaporite boron minerals, especially probertite. It is monoclinic, crystallizing in the space group "P"2/"c". It was named for Ramon Fontarnau i Griera, a materials scientist of the University of Barcelona. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49622455 |
Eckfelder Maar The is a former volcanic lake, that was formed during the Middle Eocene around 44.3 million years ago and is thus the oldest known maar. It lies in the southwestern Eifel mountains near Manderscheid in Germany. It is also an important fossil site that contains numerous fossil remains of fauna and flora, some of them complete. It has been continuously scientifically researched since 1987. The large number of finds - to date 25,000 fossils have been found - have enabled a very detailed reconstruction of the landscape. This maar, together with the Grube Messel and the Geiseltal valley, is one of the foremost palaeontological sites for this geological epoch in Central Europe and worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49626053 |
Schiavinatoite is a very rare mineral, a natural niobium borate of the formula (Nb,Ta)BO. is classified as monoborate. It contains tetrahedral borate anion instead of planar BO group, which is more common among minerals. is one of the most simple niobium minerals. It forms a solid solution with its tantalum-analogue, béhierite. Both minerals possess zircon-type structure (tetragonal, space group "I"4/"amd") and occur in pegmatites. and nioboholtite are minerals with essential niobium and boron. was detected in miaroles of a pegmatite at Antsongombato, Madagascar. It coexists with an apatite-group mineral, béhierite, danburite, elbaite–liddicoatite, feldspar, pollucite, quartz, rhodizite, and spodumene. The main facts about schiavinatoite's structure: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49626382 |
Bevan Buirchell Bevan John Buirchell (born 1951) is an Australian botanist. He graduated from The University of Western Australia and obtained his PhD in biochemistry in 1982. In 1988 he began working on lupins as an agricultural crop, first as a research officer and later as Senior Lupin Breeder in the Western Australian Department of Agriculture. He has used molecular markers, especially markers for disease resistance, in breeding programs and was part of a team that tagged 9,000 locations on the lupin genome. He has co-authored papers on the subject of lupins, a book on the orchids of Western Australia and a "Field Guide to the Eremophilas of Western Australia". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49626842 |
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter The "p"-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT) family (TC# 2.A.68) is a family of transporter proteins belonging to the ion transporter (IT) superfamily. The AbgT family consists of the AbgT (YdaH; TC# 2.A.68.1.1) protein of "E. coli" and the MtrF drug exporter (TC# 2.A.68.1.2) of "Neisseria gonorrhoeae". The former protein is apparently cryptic in wild-type cells, but when expressed on a high copy number plasmid, or when expressed at higher levels due to mutation, it appeared to allow uptake ("K" = 123 nM; see Michaelis–Menten kinetics) and subsequent utilization of "p"-aminobenzoyl-glutamate as a source of "p"-aminobenzoate for "p"-aminobenzoate auxotrophs. "p"-Aminobenzoate is a constituent of and a precursor for the biosynthesis of folic acid. MtrF was annotated as a putative drug efflux pump. AbgT is 510 amino acyl residues long and has 12-13 putative transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs). MtrF is 522 aas long and has 11 or 12 putative TMSs. The 3-d structures of MtrF and a YdaH homologue have been solved, and functional studies show that it is a drug exporter. The 3-d structure shows that it has 9 TMSs with hairpin entry loops. Crystal Structures: The "abgT" gene is preceded by two genes, "abgA" and "abgB," which code for homologous amino acyl amino hydrolases and hydrolyze "p"-aminobenzoyl glutamate to "p"-aminobenzoate and glutamate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49633163 |
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter Because of the structural similarity of "p"-aminobenzoyl-glutatmate to peptides, and the enzymatic activities of the "abgA" and "abgB" gene products, it has been suggested that AbgT is also a peptide transporter. Demonstration of an energy requirement suggested an H-dependent mechanism. Expression of these genes is regulated by AbgR and an unknown effector. As noted above, the AbgT family of transporters has been thought to contribute to bacterial folate biosynthesis by importing the catabolite "p"-aminobenzoyl-glutamate for producing folate. Approximately 13,000 putative family members were identified in 2015. The X-ray structures of the full-length "Alcanivorax borkumensis" YdaH (AbgT) and "Neisseria gonorrhoeae" MtrF proteins. The structures revealed that these two transporters assemble as dimers with architectures distinct from all other families of transporters for which 3-d structures were available. Both YdaH and MtrF are bowl-shaped dimers with a solvent-filled basin extending from the cytoplasm halfway across the membrane bilayer. The protomers of YdaH and MtrF contain nine transmembrane helices and two hairpins which suggested a plausible pathway for substrate transport. A combination of the crystal structure, genetic analyses and substrate accumulation assays indicated that both YdaH and MtrF behave as exporters, capable of removing the folate metabolite "p"-aminobenzoic acid from bacterial cells | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49633163 |
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter In fact, it was shown that both YdaH and MtrF participate as antibiotic efflux pumps, mediating bacterial resistance to sulfonamide antimetabolite drugs. Possibly, many AbgT-family transporters act as exporters, conferring resistance to sulfonamides. The generalized transport reaction initially proposed for AbgT is:"p"-aminobenzoyl-glutamate (out) + nH (out) → "p"-aminobenzoyl-glutamate (in) + nH (in)but the more recently proposed transport reaction is:Sulfonamide drugs (in) + H (out) → Sulfonamide drugs (out) + H (in) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49633163 |
Aradite is a very rare mineral with formula BaCa[(SiO)(VO)](VO)F. and its phosphorus-analogue, zadovite, were found in paralavas (rocks formed due to pyrometamorphism) of the Hatrurim Formation. Both aradite and zadovite have structures similar to that of nabimusaite. Structure of all three minerals is related to that of hatrurite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49634150 |
Gurimite is a rare mineral with formula Ba(VO). It is a simple barium vanadate, one of the most simple barium minerals known. It is named after its type locality - Gurim anticline in Israel. It has formed in the rocks of the Hatrurim Formation. Gurimite's stoichiometry is similar to that of copper vanadates mcbirneyite and pseudolyonsite. An example of other barium vanadate mineral is tokyoite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49635454 |
Arakiite is a rare mineral with the formula (Zn,Mn)(Mn,Mg)(Fe,Al)(AsO)(AsO)(OH). It is both arsenate and arsenite mineral, a combination that is rare in the world of minerals. is stoichiometrically similar to hematolite. It is one of many rare minerals coming from the famous Långban manganese skarn deposit in Sweden. Other minerals bearing both arsenite and zinc include kraisslite and mcgovernite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49636115 |
Lepersonnite-(Gd) is a very rare rare-earth and uranium mineral with the formula Ca(Gd,Dy)(UO)(SiO)(CO)(OH)·48HO. It occurs associated with bijvoetite-(Y) in the Shinkolobwe deposit in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, famous for rare uranium minerals. is unique in being the only confirmed mineral with essential gadolinium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49636205 |
Florencite-(Sm) is a very rare mineral of the plumbogummite group (alunite supergroup) with simplified formula SmAl(PO)(OH). Samarium in florencite-(Sm) is substituted by other rare earth elements, mostly neodymium. It does not form separate crystals, but is found as zones in florencite-(Ce), which is cerium-dominant member of the plumbogummite group. is also a samarium-analogue of florencite-(La) (lanthanum-dominant) and waylandite (bismuth-dominant), both being aluminium-rich minerals. was revealed in quartz veins in the Maldynyrd Range, Subpolar Urals, Russia. It associates with xenotime-(Y). has admixtures of neodymium, and small amounts of cerium, gadolinium, sulfur, strontium, praseodymium, calcium, lanthanum, europium, and silicon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49636283 |
Marie Mercury Roth is an American synthetic organic chemist. She was the first female Ph.D. candidate at the chemistry department of University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she worked with William Summer Johnson. She received her Doctorate of Philosophy in 1951 for the "Application of the Favorskii rearrangement to the problem of angular methylation". Roth attended Mount Holyoke College for her undergraduate studies, receiving a major in chemistry with minors in mathematics, physics and physiology. She then earned a master's degree in organic chemistry while working as a teaching assistant. Her professors included Anna J. Harrison, Mary Lura Sherrill, Emma Perry Carr, and Lucy Pickett. Although she was hired as a research chemist by Pittsburgh Paint, she was not allowed to work in laboratories once she became pregnant. Instead, she was reassigned to do library research work on emulsion polymerization. While her husband became a faculty member at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Marie Roth worked in private industry and taught undergraduate courses at various universities. She worked at the Medical College of Wisconsin in West Bend in the late 1970s. In 1982, she was the editor of the "Amalgamator", the bulletin of the Milwaukee section of the American Chemical Society. In 1985, she became chair of the Milwaukee section of the ACS. Marie married Donald A. Roth, who had obtained a Ph.D. from the same department in 1944. They had 4 children: Charles, Catherine, Joanne, and Nancy Ellen (born 1965) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49640289 |
Marie Mercury Roth Joanne later pursued graduate studies in statistics at UW. Donald died in 2003. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49640289 |
Feodosiyite is a very rare chloride mineral, just recently approved, with the formula CuMgCl(OH)•16HO. Its structure is unique. comes from the Tolbachik volcano, famous for many rare fumarolic minerals. Chemically similar minerals, chlorides containing both copper and magnesium, include haydeeite, paratacamite-(Mg) and tondiite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641387 |
Peterandresenite is a very rare mineral, the first known natural hexaniobate. Its chemical formula is MnNbO•14HO. Its structure contains a special type of octahedron: Lindqvist ion. was found in a pegmatite of the Larvik complex in Norway. It is somewhat similar to other unique niobium minerals, aspedamite and menezesite. was discovered in AS Granit quarry, Tvedalen, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641461 |
Aspedamite is a very rare mineral, one of two natural heteropolyniobates. Its chemical formula (one of the possible formulas) is complex and shows the presence of essential vacancies: [](FeFe)Nb(ThNbFeTiO)(HO)(OH). Its structure (isometric, space group "Im"3) is the same as of the second known heteropolyniobate - menezesite. is somewhat similar to another mineral from Norway, peterandresenite, which is a hexaniobate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641556 |
Dargaite is a rare mineral with formula BaCa(SiO)(SO)O. It is the barium-analogue of nabimusaite, also differing from it in the lack of fluorine. It is one of many recently approved new minerals coming from the Hatrurim complex. Dargaite, as nabimusaite, is trigonal (space group "R"-3"m"). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641658 |
Mesaite is a very rare mineral with formula CaMn(VO)•12HO. It is monoclinic (space group "P"2/"n"). It is related to fianelite, another manganese-rich divanadate. Examples of other divanadate minerals are volborthite, engelhauptite, karpenkoite, and martyite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641711 |
Heptasartorite is a very rare mineral with formula TlPbAsS. It belongs to sartorite homologous series. It is related to other recently approved minerals of the series: enneasartorite and hendekasartorite. All three minerals come from a quarry in Lengenbach, Switzerland, which is famous of thallium minerals. Chemically similar minerals include edenharterite and hutchinsonite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641785 |
Enneasartorite is a very rare mineral with formula TlPbAsS. It belongs to sartorite homologous series. It is related to other recently approved minerals of the sartorite series: hendekasartorite and heptasartorite. All come from Lengenbach quarry in Switzerland, which is famous for thallium sulfosalts. is chemically similar to edenharterite and hutchinsonite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641828 |
Hendekasartorite is a very rare thallium sulfosalt mineral with formula TlPbAsS. It is one of recently approved new members of sartorite homologous series, by enneasartorite and heptasartorite. All new members come from Lengenbach quarry in Switzerland, prolific in terms of thallium sulfosalt minerals. is chemically similar to edenharterite and hutchinsonite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641845 |
Ferraioloite is a rare mineral with formula MgMn(FeAl)Zn(PO)(OH)(HO). It is related to the phosphate mineral falsterite. was found in pegmatites of the Foote Lithium Company Mine, Cleveland County, North Carolina, US. The name honors James (Jim) A. Ferraiolo (1947–2014). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641893 |
Castellaroite is a rare arsenate mineral with formula Mn(AsO)•4HO. It is related to the phosphate mineral metaswitzerite. is monoclinic, with space group "P"2/"n". The other natural manganese arsenate hydrate is manganohörnesite, which is an octahydrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641950 |
Fluorwavellite is a rare phosphate mineral with formula Al(PO)(OH)F•5HO. As suggested by its name, it is a fluorine-analogue of wavellite (hence its name), a rather common phosphate mineral. Chemically similar aluminium fluoride phosphate minerals include fluellite, kingite and mitryaevaite. was discovered in Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Humboldt County, Nevada, US. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49641975 |
Kyawthuite is a rare mineral with a simple formula: BiSbO4. It is a natural bismuth antimonate. is monoclinic, with space group "I"2/"c", and is isostructural with clinocervantite, its trivalent-antimony-analogue. is also an antimony-analogue of clinobisvanite. was discovered in the vicinity of Mogok township in Myanmar, an area famous of various gemstone minerals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49642057 |
Juansilvaite is a very rare, complex arsenate-sulfate mineral with formula NaAl[AsO(OH)][AsO(OH)](SO)·4HO. It is both hydroxyarsenate and dihydroxyarsenate. It is among few relatively new minerals from the Torrecillas mine in Chile, the other being torrecillasite, canutite, chongite, gajardoite, leverettite, and magnesiokoritnigite. Although having quite common among minerals space group "C"2/"c", juansilvaite has a new type of structure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49642289 |
Steinmetzite is a very rare phosphate mineral with formula ZnFe(PO)(OH)•3HO. It was discovered among pegmatites of Hagendorf in Germany, that are famous for rare phosphate minerals. is chemically related to phosphophyllite and other zinc iron phosphates, namely plimerite and zinclipscombite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49642785 |
Vasilseverginite is a very rare arsenate-sulfate mineral with formula CuO(AsO)(SO). Its structure is of a new type. Is possess a typical feature of many minerals of its type locality, the Tolbachik volcano, namely being a salt with oxide anions. However, it is the first Tolbachik copper oxysalt that is both arsenate and sulfate. is monoclinic, with space group "P"2/"n". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49642852 |
Dachiardite-K is a rare zeolite-group mineral with the formula K(SiAlO)•13HO. It is the potassium-analogue of dachiardite-Ca and dachiardite-Na, as suggested by the suffix "-K". was discovered in opal-chalcedony veins in Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. It is associated with barite, calcite, clinoptilolite-Ca, clinoptilolite-K, celadonite, dachiardite-Ca, dachiardite-Na, ferrierite-K, ferrierite-Mg, ferrierite-Na, mordenite, and smectite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49643258 |
Lucchesiite is a new member of tourmaline-group of minerals. has the formula CaFeAl(SiO)(BO)(OH)O. It is the calcium and oxygen-analogue of schorl. It has two co-type localizations, one in Czech Republic and the other in Sri Lanka. As the other members of the tourmaline group, it is trigonal. Impurites in lucchesiite, depending on the provenience, are sodium, magnesium, aluminium, titanium, trivalent iron, and minor vanadium, potassium, manganese and zinc. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49643295 |
Anzaite-(Ce) is a rare-earth element (REE) oxide mineral with the formula CeFeTiO(OH). An example of chemically related mineral is lucasite-(Ce), although it contains no iron. Cerium in anzaite-(Ce) is mainly substituted by neodymium, lanthanum, calcium and praseodymium. Titanium is substituted by niobium. Trace elements include thorium. The mineral is monoclinic, space group "C"2/"m". is hydrothermal mineral found in a carbonatite from the mineralogically-prolific Kola Peninsula. The mineral name honors Anatoly N. Zaitsev, who is known for studies of carbonatites and REE. Parent rocks for anzaite-(Ce) are silicocarbonatites of the Afrikanda alkali-ultramafic massif. These rocks underwent hydrothermal reworking, that beside anzaite-(Ce) produced also calcite, clinochlore, hibschite and titanite in expense of primary minerals. Cerium in anzaite-(Ce) is substituted by significant amounts of neodymium, lanthanum, calcium, and praseodymium, with minor samarium and thorium. Other impurities in the mineral composition include niobium and silicon. The crystal structure of anzaite-(Ce) characterizes in: The disordered sites are located on the (010) planes, separated by ordered domains containing REE, Ti (octahedral) and two oxide-anion sites. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49643381 |
Bartelkeite is an exceptionally rare mineral, one of scarce natural germanium compounds. The formula was originally assumed to be PbFeGeO, bartelkeite was later shown to be isostructural with a high-pressure form of the mineral lawsonite. Thus, its correct formula is PbFeGe(GeO)(OH)•HO. and mathewrogersite are minerals with essential (dominant) lead, iron and germanium. Both come from Tsumeb, Namibia - a world's "capital" of germanium minerals. was detected in voids of germanium ore occurring within dolomites. The mineral associates with galena, germanite, reniérite, and tennantite. is the first analyzed mineral containing both tetrahedrally- and octahedrally-coordinated germanium. It is isostructural with high-pressure form of the silicate lawsonite. In the structure there are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49643464 |
Ekplexite is a unique sulfide-hydroxide niobium-rich mineral with the formula (Nb,Mo)S•(MgAl)(OH). It is unique because niobium is usually found in oxide or, eventually, silicate minerals. is a case in which chalcophile behaviour of niobium is shown, which means niobium present in a sulfide mineral. The unique combination of elements in ekplexite has to do with its name, which comes from a Greek world on "surprise". The other example of chalcophile behaviour of niobium is edgarite, FeNbS, and both minerals were found in the same environment, which is a fenitic rock of Mt. Kaskasnyunchorr, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Analysis of the same rock has revealed the presence of two analogues of ekplexite, kaskasite (molybdenum-analogue) and manganokaskasite (molybdenum- and manganese-analogue). All three minerals belong to the valleriite group, and crystallize in the trigonal system with similar possible space groups. Beside niobium, molybdenum, sulfur, magnesium and aluminium ekplexite contains also relatively small amounts of tungsten, vanadium and iron. The rock in which contains ekplexite is classified as fenite. In this rock ekplexite associates with fluorophlogopite, nepheline, orthoclase-anorthoclasee (silicates), alabandine, edgarite, pyrite, molybdenite, tungstenite (sulfides), corundum, graphite and monazite-(Ce). Crystal structure of ekplexite is described as non-commensurate. It is composed of two modules: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49643772 |
Qusongite is an extremely rare mineral with the simple formula WC, which shows the mineral to be a naturally occurring tungsten carbide. It was found in Luobusa ophiolite, China. This ophiolite is known for many natural reduced compounds, including native metals, diamond, silicides and carbides (e.g., moissanite, natural silicon carbide). crystallizes in the hexagonal system, with space group "P"-6"m"2. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49644235 |
Faizievite is a very rare mineral with the formula KNa(CaNa)TiLiSiOF. This triclinic mineral is chemically related to baratovite and katayamalite. is a single-locality mineral, coming from the moraine of the Darai-Pioz glacier, Tien Shan Mountains, Tajikistan. Alkaline rocks of this site are famous for containing numerous rare minerals, often enriched in boron, caesium, lithium, titanium, rare earth elements, barium, and others. was detected in quartz boulders, together with aegirine, baratovite, fluorite, leucosphenite, pectolite, and polylithionite. Strontium and trace amounts of rubidium, barium and niobium are present in the structure of faizievite. One of the sodium sites is partially vacant, and fluorine may be substituted by oxygen. is related to beryl and osumilite groups of minerals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49644317 |
Howard Turner Barnes (21 July 1873, Woburn, Massachusetts – 4 October 1950, Burlington, Vermont) was an American-Canadian physicist who specialized in calorimetry, electrolytes, ice formation and ice engineering. In 1879, Howard T. Barnes moved with his family from Massachusetts to Montreal. where his father was appointed minister of Montreal's Unitarian church. After attending secondary school in Montreal, he entered in 1889 McGill University, where he received in 1893 his bachelor's degree in physics and, after working there as a demonstrator in chemistry, an M.S. in Applied Science in 1896. He became at McGill a demonstrator in physics and worked under Hugh L. Callendar. In 1898, Ernest Rutherford succeeded to Callendar's professorial chair and supervised Barnes, among others. In 1899 Barnes went to the U.K. on a scholarship from the Royal Society; he returned to McGill in 1900 as a lecturer in physics. In 1900 he received a D.Sc. from McGill, where he became an assistant professor in 1901 and associate professor in 1906. In 1907 he succeeded Ernest Rutherford as Macdonald Professor of Physician, but resigned his chair in 1919. In the early 1920s he again became a professor at McGill, where he remained until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1933. Barnes worked with Callendar on extremely precise measurements in constant-flow calorimetry, in which a given amount of electrical energy is added to a given mass of flowing liquid whose consequent increase in temperature is precisely measured | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49650527 |
Howard Turner Barnes Barnes pioneered the constant-flow calorimeter which is used by contemporary physical chemists. He also studied turbulence, electrolytes, and the heat effects of radium. In the 1920s, he became a world-class expert on anchor ice, frazil ice, and ice engineering. Barnes was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1908 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1911. He was honoured as the Tyndall Lecturer for 1912 at the Royal Institution in London. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49650527 |
Hashemite (mineral) Hashemite is a very rare barium chromate mineral with the formula Ba(Cr,S)O4. It is a representative of natural chromates - a relatively small and rare group of minerals. Hashemite is the barium-analogue of tarapacáite. It is also the chromium-analogue of baryte, and belongs to the baryte group of minerals. Hashemite is stoichiometrically similar to crocoite and chromatite. Hashemite is orthorhombic, with space group "Pnma". I was found together with chromium-bearing ettringite and an apatite group mineral in the Hatrurim Formation, known for the occurrence of rocks formed due to natural pyrometamorphism. Hashemite is named after the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49651940 |
Iyoite is a very rare manganese copper chloride hydroxide mineral with the formula MnCuCl(OH). is a new member of the atacamite group, and it an analogue of botallackite characterized in manganese and copper ordering. is monoclinic (space group "P"2/"m"). It is chemically similar to misakiite. Both minerals come from the Ohku mine in the Ehime prefecture, Japan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49652113 |
Jinshajiangite is a rare silicate mineral named after the Jinshajiang river in China. Its currently accepted formula is BaNaFeTi(SiO)O(OH)F. It gives a name of the jinshajiangite group. The mineral is associated with alkaline rocks. In jinshajiangite, there is a potassium-to-barium, calcium-to-sodium, manganese-to-iron and iron-to-titanium diadochy substitution. is the iron-analogue of surkhobite and perraultite. It is chemically related to bafertisite, cámaraite and emmerichite. Its structure is related to that of bafertisite. is a titanosilicate with heteropolyhedral "HOH" layers, where the "H"-layer is a mixed tetrahedral-octahedral layer, and the "O"-layer is simply octahedral. The mineral has only two known places of natural occurrences; a dyke near Jinshajiang River, Sichuan Province and the intrusion of Norra Kärr in Sweden. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49652490 |
Tancaite-(Ce) is a very rare molybdate mineral with the formula FeCe(MoO)•3HO. It was found in Punta de Su Seinargiu locality on Sardinia, Italy. Red crystals of tancaite-(Ce) resemble modified cubes, but the mineral is trigonal (space group "R"-3). The type locality of tancaite-(Ce) is also a place of discovery of other molybdate minerals, including thorium molybdates ichnusaite and nuragheite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49654656 |
Bernard Dell (born 1949) is an Australian botanist. He is a research director at Murdoch University developing strategic research partnerships with China and nearby countries. His research spans the disciplines of agriculture and forestry. He is the author of books and academic papers on these subjects and is the recipient of a Murdoch University Excellence in Research Award (2012), the China Friendship Award (2014) and the Chiang Mai University Award (2015). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49664704 |
Physical agents Physical Agents, in physical therapy, may also be referred to as modalities. Often used in conjunction with other manual therapies such as exercises and stretching. Each Physical Agent or Modality has a different use in therapy, depending on the goal of the Physical Therapist (PT) as well as the known benefits and side effects of each tool. In some cases only the Physical Therapist and their Licensed (Under FSBPT in the United States of America) Assistants (Physical Therapy Assistant or PTA) may use these tools. There are some modalities that can be used by the patient/client on themselves with instruction and training such as superficial heating agents or hot packs. However the Modalities or Physical Agents often have a certain setting or prescribed conditions such as specific temperature, material used, duration of application and positioning that make affect the efficacy or even safety of home use, thus the need for instruction prior to use. Each Physical Agent or Modality has a different contraindication based on how the tool affects the normal physiologic function of the body and how the tool affects the type of condition possessed by the site to be treated on the patient/client of the PT. Improper and uninformed use of these modalities can sometimes cause severe irreversible damage. EX: ultrasound/electrotherapy on the abdomen of a pregnant patient can harm the baby. Excessive heat with use of hot packs may cause first to second degree burns. Thermal Mechanical Electromagnetic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49665789 |
Vicilin is a globulin associated with legumin. It is used as a storage protein and commonly found in plants like pea or lentil. It has been suggested to be an allergen in allergic reactions to peas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49667910 |
Molybdovanadate reagent The molybdovanadate reagent is a solution containing both the molybdate and vanadate ions. It is commonly used in the determination of phosphate ion content. The reagent used is ammonium molybdovanadate with the addition of 70% perchloric acid (sulfuric acid is also known to be used). It is used for purposes such as the analysis of wine, canned fruits and other fruit-based products such as jams and syrups. The reagent appears as a clear, yellow liquid without odour. It is harmful if inhaled, a recognised carcinogen and can cause eye burns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49668380 |
Shirley Coryndon Shirley Cameron Coryndon (1926–1976) was a British paleontologist and authority on fossil hippopotami. In the 1950s she studied paleontology with Donald MacInnes at the Museum of Nairobi. Coryndon was the paleontological assistant to Louis Leakey at the Centre for Prehistory and Paleontology. She also participated in excavations at Olduvai Gorge. She was previously married to Roger Coryndon, son of colonial administrator Robert Coryndon, and in 1969 she married British paleontologist R. J. G. Savage, whom she had met in Kenya in 1955. She is commemorated in the names of the fossil hippopotami "Hexaprotodon coryndonae" and "Kenyapotamus coryndonae", as well as the fossil bovine "Ugandax coryndonae". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49726136 |
CitMHS family The Citrate-Mg:H (CitM) / Citrate-Ca:H (CitH) Symporter (CitMHS) Family (TC# 2.A.11) is a family of transport proteins belonging to the Ion transporter superfamily. Members of this family are found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, archaea and possibly eukaryotes. These proteins all probably arose by an internal gene duplication event. Lensbouer & Doyle (2010) have reviewed these systems, classifying the porters with three superfamilies, according to ion-preference: 1) Mg-preferring, 2) Ca-preferring, and 3) Fe-preferring. A representative list of proteins belonging to the can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. Two of the characterized members of the CitMHS family, both citrate uptake permeases from "Bacillus subtilis", are CitM (TC# 2.A.11.1.1) and CitH (TC# 2.A.11.1.2)"." CitM is believed to transport a citrate-Mgcomplex in symport with one H per Mg-citrate while CitH apparently transports a citrate-Ca complex in symport with protons. The cation specificity of CitM is: Mg, Mn, Ba, Ni, Co, Ca and Zn, in this preferential order. CitM is highly specific for citrate and D-isocitrate and does not transport other di- and tri-carboxylates including succinate, L-isocitrate, cis-aconitate and tricarballylate. For CitH, the cation specificity (in order of preference) is: Ca, Ba and Sr. The two proteins are 60% identical, contain about 400 amino acyl residues and possess twelve putative transmembrane spanners. A CitM homologue in "S | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49733889 |
CitMHS family mutans" transports citrate conjugated to Fe or Mn but not Ca, Mg or Ni. The transport reactions catalyzed by (1) CitM and (2) CitH, respectively, are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49733889 |
Jerome S. Spevack Jerome S. "J.S." Spevack was an American scientist, inventor, and engineer who developed the "dual temperature exchange sulphide process" (known as the Girdler sulfide process) in 1943 while working on the Manhattan Project. This is regarded as the most cost-effective process for producing heavy water. A parallel development of this process was also achieved in 1943 by German physical chemist Karl-Hermann Geib. After World War II, Spevack became president of Deuterium of Canada Limited (DCL) and, in 1974, won a lawsuit against the United States government and its Atomic Energy of Canada Limited receiving protection, and compensation of , over their use of the Girdler sulfide process without his consent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49745772 |
David M. Gates (May 27, 1921 – March 4, 2016) was an American ecologist who sounded early warnings that fossil fuels, fertilizers and pesticides posed a potentially fatal threat to the global environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49750005 |
Ilirneyite is a rare tellurate mineral with the formula Mg[ZnMn(TeO)]•4.5HO. It was discovered at the Sentyabr'skoe deposit (of silver and gold) in the Ilirney Range, Western Chukotka, Russia. is a trivalent-manganese-analogue of zemannite. It is also a zinc- and manganese-analogue of keystoneite and kinichilite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49753467 |
Itelmenite is a rare sulfate mineral with the formula NaMgCu(SO). It is one of many fumarolic minerals discovered on the Tolbachik volcano. Saranchinaite and dravertite are examples of other anhydrous complex copper-bearing sulfates, also coming from the Tolbachik volcano. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49753691 |
Joegoldsteinite Itelmenite is a rare sulfate mineral with the formula NaMgCu(SO). It was discovered in Social Circle meteorite found in Georgia, US. is defined as manganese-analogue of daubréelite (iron-rich mineral). It is also analogous to kalininite (Zn-dominant) and cuprokalininite (Cu-dominant). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49753852 |
Abell 576 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Lynx. Detailed study has revealed that there are two clusters in the process of merging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49755315 |
Honeaite is a rare gold thallium telluride mineral with the formula AuTlTe. It was discovered in the Karonie mine, Cowarna Downs Station, Western Australia, although this is not the only locality for the mineral. is structurally and chemically unique. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49755471 |
Wampenite is a rare organic mineral with the formula CH, found in Wampen, Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria, Germany. Although structurally unique, chemically wampenite is similar to other minerals, like fichtelite, kratochvílite, ravatite, and simonellite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49764600 |
Lislkirchnerite is a rare nitrate mineral with the formula PbAl(OH)Cl(NO)•2HO. It was discovered in Nueva Esperanza No. 1 mine within the Capillitas deposit, Catamarca, Argentina. is the first mineral with combined lead and nitrate. The structure of the mineral is unique. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49765039 |
CGTG-102 (Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF), (developed by Oncos Therapeutics) is an oncolytic adenovirus currently in orphan drug status for soft tissue sarcomas. It is modified to selectively replicate in p16/Rb-defective cells, which include most human cancer cells. In addition, codes for the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a potent immunostimulatory molecule. The therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy is not a simple consequence of the cytopathic effect but strongly relies on the induction of an endogenous immune response against transformed cells. Superior anticancer effects have been observed when oncolytic viruses are engineered to express (or be co-administered with) immunostimulatory molecules such as GM-CSF. While the oncolytic adenovirus has shown efficacy as a single agent against several soft tissue sarcomas, it would also be appealing to use in combination with other regimes, as oncolytic viruses have demonstrated very little overlap in side effects with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. has recently been studied in combination with doxorubicin, and a synergistic effect was observed. At least part of doxorubicin's mechanism of action is as an inducer of immunogenic cell death, and it has been suggested that immune response contributes to its overall anti-tumor activity. Doxorubicin has been shown to increase adenoviral replication in soft tissue sarcoma cells as well, potentially contributing to the observed synergistic effect in the virus/doxorubicin combination | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49771479 |
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