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The title of a document has two roles, to give a compact summary and to lead the reader to read the document. Conventional title generation focuses on finding key expressions from the author's wording in the document to give a compact summary and pays little attention to the reader's interest. To make the title play it... | Analysis of Titles and Readers For Title Generation Centered on the
Readers | 1,200 |
We present a broad coverage Japanese grammar written in the HPSG formalism with MRS semantics. The grammar is created for use in real world applications, such that robustness and performance issues play an important role. It is connected to a POS tagging and word segmentation tool. This grammar is being developed in a ... | Efficient Deep Processing of Japanese | 1,201 |
Diff is a software program that detects differences between two data sets and is useful in natural language processing. This paper shows several examples of the application of diff. They include the detection of differences between two different datasets, extraction of rewriting rules, merging of two different datasets... | Using the DIFF Command for Natural Language Processing | 1,202 |
This article studies the problem of assessing relevance to each of the rules of a reference resolution system. The reference solver described here stems from a formal model of reference and is integrated in a reference processing workbench. Evaluation of the reference resolution is essential, as it enables differential... | Evaluation of Coreference Rules on Complex Narrative Texts | 1,203 |
Reference resolution on extended texts (several thousand references) cannot be evaluated manually. An evaluation algorithm has been proposed for the MUC tests, using equivalence classes for the coreference relation. However, we show here that this algorithm is too indulgent, yielding good scores even for poor resolutio... | Three New Methods for Evaluating Reference Resolution | 1,204 |
Anaphora resolution is envisaged in this paper as part of the reference resolution process. A general open architecture is proposed, which can be particularized and configured in order to simulate some classic anaphora resolution methods. With the aim of improving pronoun resolution, the system takes advantage of eleme... | Cooperation between Pronoun and Reference Resolution for Unrestricted
Texts | 1,205 |
A model for reference use in communication is proposed, from a representationist point of view. Both the sender and the receiver of a message handle representations of their common environment, including mental representations of objects. Reference resolution by a computer is viewed as the construction of object repres... | Reference Resolution Beyond Coreference: a Conceptual Frame and its
Application | 1,206 |
In some contexts, well-formed natural language cannot be expected as input to information or communication systems. In these contexts, the use of grammar-independent input (sequences of uninflected semantic units like e.g. language-independent icons) can be an answer to the users' needs. A semantic analysis can be perf... | A Chart-Parsing Algorithm for Efficient Semantic Analysis | 1,207 |
In this paper, we discuss the utility and deficiencies of existing ontology resources for a number of language processing applications. We describe a technique for increasing the semantic type coverage of a specific ontology, the National Library of Medicine's UMLS, with the use of robust finite state methods used in c... | Rerendering Semantic Ontologies: Automatic Extensions to UMLS through
Corpus Analytics | 1,208 |
We describe the CoNLL-2002 shared task: language-independent named entity recognition. We give background information on the data sets and the evaluation method, present a general overview of the systems that have taken part in the task and discuss their performance. | Introduction to the CoNLL-2002 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named
Entity Recognition | 1,209 |
We present new results on the relation between purely symbolic context-free parsing strategies and their probabilistic counter-parts. Such parsing strategies are seen as constructions of push-down devices from grammars. We show that preservation of probability distribution is possible under two conditions, viz. the cor... | Probabilistic Parsing Strategies | 1,210 |
Robert French has argued that a disembodied computer is incapable of passing a Turing Test that includes subcognitive questions. Subcognitive questions are designed to probe the network of cultural and perceptual associations that humans naturally develop as we live, embodied and embedded in the world. In this paper, I... | Answering Subcognitive Turing Test Questions: A Reply to French | 1,211 |
In this paper we describe an algorithm for aligning sentences with their translations in a bilingual corpus using lexical information of the languages. Existing efficient algorithms ignore word identities and consider only the sentence lengths (Brown, 1991; Gale and Church, 1993). For a sentence in the source language ... | An Algorithm for Aligning Sentences in Bilingual Corpora Using Lexical
Information | 1,212 |
Compounded words are a challenge for NLP applications such as machine translation (MT). We introduce methods to learn splitting rules from monolingual and parallel corpora. We evaluate them against a gold standard and measure their impact on performance of statistical MT systems. Results show accuracy of 99.1% and perf... | Empirical Methods for Compound Splitting | 1,213 |
We address the text-to-text generation problem of sentence-level paraphrasing -- a phenomenon distinct from and more difficult than word- or phrase-level paraphrasing. Our approach applies multiple-sequence alignment to sentences gathered from unannotated comparable corpora: it learns a set of paraphrasing patterns rep... | Learning to Paraphrase: An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-Sequence
Alignment | 1,214 |
We show how to construct a channel-independent representation of speech that has propagated through a noisy reverberant channel. This is done by blindly rescaling the cepstral time series by a non-linear function, with the form of this scale function being determined by previously encountered cepstra from that channel.... | Blind Normalization of Speech From Different Channels | 1,215 |
We report about the current state of development of a document suite and its applications. This collection of tools for the flexible and robust processing of documents in German is based on the use of XML as unifying formalism for encoding input and output data as well as process information. It is organized in modules... | An XML based Document Suite | 1,216 |
It is very costly to build up lexical resources and domain ontologies. Especially when confronted with a new application domain lexical gaps and a poor coverage of domain concepts are a problem for the successful exploitation of natural language document analysis systems that need and exploit such knowledge sources. In... | Exploiting Sublanguage and Domain Characteristics in a Bootstrapping
Approach to Lexicon and Ontology Creation | 1,217 |
In this paper we describe an approach for the analysis of documents in German and English with a shared pool of resources. For the analysis of German documents we use a document suite, which supports the user in tasks like information retrieval and information extraction. The core of the document suite is based on our ... | An Approach for Resource Sharing in Multilingual NLP | 1,218 |
Factorization of statistical language models is the task that we resolve the most discriminative model into factored models and determine a new model by combining them so as to provide better estimate. Most of previous works mainly focus on factorizing models of sequential events, each of which allows only one factoriz... | Factorization of Language Models through Backing-Off Lattices | 1,219 |
We describe the CoNLL-2003 shared task: language-independent named entity recognition. We give background information on the data sets (English and German) and the evaluation method, present a general overview of the systems that have taken part in the task and discuss their performance. | Introduction to the CoNLL-2003 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named
Entity Recognition | 1,220 |
This paper presents a machine learning approach to discourse planning in natural language generation. More specifically, we address the problem of learning the most natural ordering of facts in discourse plans for a specific domain. We discuss our methodology and how it was instantiated using two different machine lear... | Learning to Order Facts for Discourse Planning in Natural Language
Generation | 1,221 |
k is the most important parameter in a text categorization system based on k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN).In the classification process, k nearest documents to the test one in the training set are determined firstly. Then, the predication can be made according to the category distribution among these k nearest neig... | An Improved k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Text Categorization | 1,222 |
As interaction between autonomous agents, communication can be analyzed in game-theoretic terms. Meaning game is proposed to formalize the core of intended communication in which the sender sends a message and the receiver attempts to infer its meaning intended by the sender. Basic issues involved in the game of natura... | Issues in Communication Game | 1,223 |
The standard tabulation techniques for logic programming presuppose fixed order of computation. Some data-driven control should be introduced in order to deal with diverse contexts. The present paper describes a data-driven method of constraint transformation with a sort of compilation which subsumes accessibility chec... | Parsing and Generation with Tabulation and Compilation | 1,224 |
MPEG-7 (Moving Picture Experts Group Phase 7) is an XML-based international standard on semantic description of multimedia content. This document discusses the Linguistic DS and related tools. The linguistic DS is a tool, based on the GDA tag set (http://i-content.org/GDA/tagset.html), for semantic annotation of lingui... | The Linguistic DS: Linguisitic Description in MPEG-7 | 1,225 |
The world is passing through a major revolution called the information revolution, in which information and knowledge is becoming available to people in unprecedented amounts wherever and whenever they need it. Those societies which fail to take advantage of the new technology will be left behind, just like in the indu... | Collaborative Creation of Digital Content in Indian Languages | 1,226 |
The world is passing through a major revolution called the information revolution, in which information and knowledge is becoming available to people in unprecedented amounts wherever and whenever they need it. Those societies which fail to take advantage of the new technology will be left behind, just like in the indu... | Information Revolution | 1,227 |
The anusaaraka system makes text in one Indian language accessible in another Indian language. In the anusaaraka approach, the load is so divided between man and computer that the language load is taken by the machine, and the interpretation of the text is left to the man. The machine presents an image of the source te... | Anusaaraka: Overcoming the Language Barrier in India | 1,228 |
The anusaaraka system (a kind of machine translation system) makes text in one Indian language accessible through another Indian language. The machine presents an image of the source text in a language close to the target language. In the image, some constructions of the source language (which do not have equivalents i... | Language Access: An Information Based Approach | 1,229 |
The paper reports on efforts taken to create lexical resources pertaining to Indian languages, using the collaborative model. The lexical resources being developed are: (1) Transfer lexicon and grammar from English to several Indian languages. (2) Dependencey tree bank of annotated corpora for several Indian languages.... | LERIL : Collaborative Effort for Creating Lexical Resources | 1,230 |
This paper describes a test collection (benchmark data) for retrieval systems driven by spoken queries. This collection was produced in the subtask of the NTCIR-3 Web retrieval task, which was performed in a TREC-style evaluation workshop. The search topics and document collection for the Web retrieval task were used t... | Building a Test Collection for Speech-Driven Web Retrieval | 1,231 |
We propose a cross-media lecture-on-demand system, in which users can selectively view specific segments of lecture videos by submitting text queries. Users can easily formulate queries by using the textbook associated with a target lecture, even if they cannot come up with effective keywords. Our system extracts the a... | A Cross-media Retrieval System for Lecture Videos | 1,232 |
Spoken Language can be used to provide insights into organisational processes, unfortunately transcription and coding stages are very time consuming and expensive. The concept of partial transcription and coding is proposed in which spoken language is indexed prior to any subsequent processing. The functional linguisti... | Effective XML Representation for Spoken Language in Organisations | 1,233 |
Special technologies need to be used to take advantage of, and overcome, the challenges associated with acquiring, transforming, storing, processing, and distributing spoken language resources in organisations. This paper introduces an application architecture consisting of tools and supporting utilities for indexing a... | Application Architecture for Spoken Language Resources in Organisational
Settings | 1,234 |
Frequency counts are a measure of how much use a language makes of a linguistic unit, such as a phoneme or word. However, what is often important is not the units themselves, but the contrasts between them. A measure is therefore needed for how much use a language makes of a contrast, i.e. the functional load (FL) of t... | Measuring the Functional Load of Phonological Contrasts | 1,235 |
In the article the fact is verified that the list of words selected by formal statistical methods (frequency and functional genre unrestrictedness) is not a conglomerate of non-related words. It creates a system of interrelated items and it can be named "lexical base of language". This selected list of words covers all... | Lexical Base as a Compressed Language Model of the World (on the
material of the Ukrainian language) | 1,236 |
We present a novel, type-logical analysis of_polarity sensitivity_: how negative polarity items (like "any" and "ever") or positive ones (like "some") are licensed or prohibited. It takes not just scopal relations but also linear order into account, using the programming-language notions of delimited continuations and ... | Polarity sensitivity and evaluation order in type-logical grammar | 1,237 |
This paper describes the Patent Retrieval Task in the Fourth NTCIR Workshop, and the test collections produced in this task. We perform the invalidity search task, in which each participant group searches a patent collection for the patents that can invalidate the demand in an existing claim. We also perform the automa... | Test Collections for Patent-to-Patent Retrieval and Patent Map
Generation in NTCIR-4 Workshop | 1,238 |
A probabilistic model for computer-based generation of a machine translation system on the basis of English-Russian parallel text corpora is suggested. The model is trained using parallel text corpora with pre-aligned source and target sentences. The training of the model results in a bilingual dictionary of words and ... | A Probabilistic Model of Machine Translation | 1,239 |
We consider the problem of modeling the content structure of texts within a specific domain, in terms of the topics the texts address and the order in which these topics appear. We first present an effective knowledge-lean method for learning content models from un-annotated documents, utilizing a novel adaptation of a... | Catching the Drift: Probabilistic Content Models, with Applications to
Generation and Summarization | 1,240 |
This paper describes a standalone, publicly-available implementation of the Resolution of Anaphora Procedure (RAP) given by Lappin and Leass (1994). The RAP algorithm resolves third person pronouns, lexical anaphors, and identifies pleonastic pronouns. Our implementation, JavaRAP, fills a current need in anaphora resol... | A Public Reference Implementation of the RAP Anaphora Resolution
Algorithm | 1,241 |
This paper discusses the problems and possibility of collecting bee dance data in a linguistic \textit{corpus} and use linguistic instruments such as Zipf's law and entropy statistics to decide on the question whether the dance carries information of any kind. We describe this against the historical background of attem... | Building a linguistic corpus from bee dance data | 1,242 |
We report on a recently initiated project which aims at building a multi-layered parallel treebank of English and German. Particular attention is devoted to a dedicated predicate-argument layer which is used for aligning translationally equivalent sentences of the two languages. We describe both our conceptual decision... | Annotating Predicate-Argument Structure for a Parallel Treebank | 1,243 |
Designers of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems have begun to employ tree-structured translation models. Systems involving tree-structured translation models tend to be complex. This article aims to reduce the conceptual complexity of such systems, in order to make them easier to design, implement, debug, us... | Statistical Machine Translation by Generalized Parsing | 1,244 |
We are developing an automatic method to compile an encyclopedic corpus from the Web. In our previous work, paragraph-style descriptions for a term are extracted from Web pages and organized based on domains. However, these descriptions are independent and do not comprise a condensed text as in hand-crafted encyclopedi... | Summarizing Encyclopedic Term Descriptions on the Web | 1,245 |
We are developing a cross-media information retrieval system, in which users can view specific segments of lecture videos by submitting text queries. To produce a text index, the audio track is extracted from a lecture video and a transcription is generated by automatic speech recognition. In this paper, to improve the... | Unsupervised Topic Adaptation for Lecture Speech Retrieval | 1,246 |
We integrate automatic speech recognition (ASR) and question answering (QA) to realize a speech-driven QA system, and evaluate its performance. We adapt an N-gram language model to natural language questions, so that the input of our system can be recognized with a high accuracy. We target WH-questions which consist of... | Effects of Language Modeling on Speech-driven Question Answering | 1,247 |
This paper describes a novel method of compiling ranked tagging rules into a deterministic finite-state device called a bimachine. The rules are formulated in the framework of regular rewrite operations and allow unrestricted regular expressions in both left and right rule contexts. The compiler is illustrated by an ap... | A Bimachine Compiler for Ranked Tagging Rules | 1,248 |
The Metaphone algorithm applies the phonetic encoding of orthographic sequences to simplify words prior to comparison. While Metaphone has been highly successful for the English language, for which it was designed, it may not be applied directly to Ethiopian languages. The paper details how the principles of Metaphone ... | Application of the Double Metaphone Algorithm to Amharic Orthography | 1,249 |
The aim of this paper is to present the R&D activities carried out at Neurosoft S.A. regarding the development of proofing tools for Modern Greek. Firstly, we focus on infrastructure issues that we faced during our initial steps. Subsequently, we describe the most important insights of three proofing tools developed by... | Proofing Tools Technology at Neurosoft S.A. | 1,250 |
A way of extracting French verbal chunks, inflected and infinitive, is explored and tested on effective corpus. Declarative morphological and local grammar rules specifying chunks and some simple contextual structures are used, relying on limited lexical information and some simple heuristic/statistic properties obtain... | Verbal chunk extraction in French using limited resources | 1,251 |
The existence of a Dictionary in electronic form for Modern Greek (MG) is mandatory if one is to process MG at the morphological and syntactic levels since MG is a highly inflectional language with marked stress and a spelling system with many characteristics carried over from Ancient Greek. Moreover, such a tool becom... | An electronic dictionary as a basis for NLP tools: The Greek case | 1,252 |
While alignment of texts on the sentential level is often seen as being too coarse, and word alignment as being too fine-grained, bi- or multilingual texts which are aligned on a level in-between are a useful resource for many purposes. Starting from a number of examples of non-literal translations, which tend to make ... | A Model for Fine-Grained Alignment of Multilingual Texts | 1,253 |
Sentiment analysis seeks to identify the viewpoint(s) underlying a text span; an example application is classifying a movie review as "thumbs up" or "thumbs down". To determine this sentiment polarity, we propose a novel machine-learning method that applies text-categorization techniques to just the subjective portions... | A Sentimental Education: Sentiment Analysis Using Subjectivity
Summarization Based on Minimum Cuts | 1,254 |
The paper gives a brief review of the expectation-maximization algorithm (Dempster 1977) in the comprehensible framework of discrete mathematics. In Section 2, two prominent estimation methods, the relative-frequency estimation and the maximum-likelihood estimation are presented. Section 3 is dedicated to the expectati... | A Tutorial on the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Including
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation and EM Training of Probabilistic Context-Free
Grammars | 1,255 |
We briefly review the inside-outside and EM algorithm for probabilistic context-free grammars. As a result, we formally prove that inside-outside estimation is a dynamic-programming variant of EM. This is interesting in its own right, but even more when considered in a theoretical context since the well-known convergen... | Inside-Outside Estimation Meets Dynamic EM | 1,256 |
Several Networks of Excellence have been set up in the framework of the European FP5 research program. Among these Networks of Excellence, the NEMIS project focuses on the field of Text Mining. Within this field, document processing and visualization was identified as one of the key topics and the WG1 working group was... | State of the Art, Evaluation and Recommendations regarding "Document
Processing and Visualization Techniques" | 1,257 |
Contrarily to standard approaches to topic annotation, the technique used in this work does not centrally rely on some sort of -- possibly statistical -- keyword extraction. In fact, the proposed annotation algorithm uses a large scale semantic database -- the EDR Electronic Dictionary -- that provides a concept hierar... | Thematic Annotation: extracting concepts out of documents | 1,258 |
In this paper we describe a biography summarization system using sentence classification and ideas from information retrieval. Although the individual techniques are not new, assembling and applying them to generate multi-document biographies is new. Our system was evaluated in DUC2004. It is among the top performers i... | Multi-document Biography Summarization | 1,259 |
A general-audience introduction to the area of "sentiment analysis", the computational treatment of subjective, opinion-oriented language (an example application is determining whether a review is "thumbs up" or "thumbs down"). Some challenges, applications to business-intelligence tasks, and potential future direction... | A Matter of Opinion: Sentiment Analysis and Business Intelligence
(position paper) | 1,260 |
This article describes the results of a systematic in-depth study of the criteria used for word sense disambiguation. Our study is based on 60 target words: 20 nouns, 20 adjectives and 20 verbs. Our results are not always in line with some practices in the field. For example, we show that omitting non-content words dec... | Word sense disambiguation criteria: a systematic study | 1,261 |
The goal of this work is to recover articulatory information from the speech signal by acoustic-to-articulatory inversion. One of the main difficulties with inversion is that the problem is underdetermined and inversion methods generally offer no guarantee on the phonetical realism of the inverse solutions. A way to ad... | Using phonetic constraints in acoustic-to-articulatory inversion | 1,262 |
This paper presents an "elitist approach" for extracting automatically well-realized speech sounds with high confidence. The elitist approach uses a speech recognition system based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The HMM are trained on speech sounds which are systematically well-detected in an iterative procedure. The r... | An elitist approach for extracting automatically well-realized speech
sounds with high confidence | 1,263 |
In this paper we propose some new measures of language development using network analyses, which is inspired by the recent surge of interests in network studies of many real-world systems. Children's and care-takers' speech data from a longitudinal study are represented as a series of networks, word forms being taken a... | Analyzing language development from a network approach | 1,264 |
This paper presents the TermSciences portal, which deals with the implementation of a conceptual model that uses the recent ISO 16642 standard (Terminological Markup Framework). This standard turns out to be suitable for concept modeling since it allowed for organizing the original resources by concepts and to associat... | Unification of multi-lingual scientific terminological resources using
the ISO 16642 standard. The TermSciences initiative | 1,265 |
A number of serious reasons will convince an increasing amount of researchers to store their relevant material in centers which we will call "language resource archives". They combine the duty of taking care of long-term preservation as well as the task to give access to their material to different user groups. Access ... | Foundations of Modern Language Resource Archives | 1,266 |
This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach which brings together the fields of corpus linguistics and translation studies. It presents ongoing work on the creation of a corpus resource in which translation shifts are explicitly annotated. Translation shifts denote departures from formal correspondence between s... | Building a resource for studying translation shifts | 1,267 |
Diagrammatic, analogical or iconic representations are often contrasted with linguistic or logical representations, in which the shape of the symbols is arbitrary. The aim of this paper is to make a case for the usefulness of diagrams in inferential knowledge representation systems. Although commonly used, diagrams hav... | Raisonner avec des diagrammes : perspectives cognitives et
computationnelles | 1,268 |
Studies of different term extractors on a corpus of the biomedical domain revealed decreasing performances when applied to highly technical texts. The difficulty or impossibility of customising them to new domains is an additional limitation. In this paper, we propose to use external terminologies to influence generic ... | Improving Term Extraction with Terminological Resources | 1,269 |
The paper aims at emphasizing that, even relaxed, the hypothesis of compositionality has to face many problems when used for interpreting natural language texts. Rather than fixing these problems within the compositional framework, we believe that a more radical change is necessary, and propose another approach. | Challenging the principle of compositionality in interpreting natural
language texts | 1,270 |
The paper concerns the understanding of plurals in the framework of Artificial Intelligence and emphasizes the role of time. The construction of collection(s) and their evolution across time is often crucial and has to be accounted for. The paper contrasts a "de dicto" collection where the collection can be considered ... | The role of time in considering collections | 1,271 |
We present a new, unique and freely available parallel corpus containing European Union (EU) documents of mostly legal nature. It is available in all 20 official EUanguages, with additional documents being available in the languages of the EU candidate countries. The corpus consists of almost 8,000 documents per langua... | The JRC-Acquis: A multilingual aligned parallel corpus with 20+
languages | 1,272 |
DepAnn is an interactive annotation tool for dependency treebanks, providing both graphical and text-based annotation interfaces. The tool is aimed for semi-automatic creation of treebanks. It aids the manual inspection and correction of automatically created parses, making the annotation process faster and less error-... | DepAnn - An Annotation Tool for Dependency Treebanks | 1,273 |
The few available French resources for evaluating linguistic models or algorithms on other linguistic levels than morpho-syntax are either insufficient from quantitative as well as qualitative point of view or not freely accessible. Based on this fact, the FREEBANK project intends to create French corpora constructed u... | Un modèle générique d'organisation de corpus en ligne: application
à la FReeBank | 1,274 |
While a great effort has concerned the development of fully integrated modular understanding systems, few researches have focused on the problem of unifying existing linguistic formalisms with cognitive processing models. The Situated Constructional Interpretation Model is one of these attempts. In this model, the noti... | Scaling Construction Grammar up to Production Systems: the SCIM | 1,275 |
MontyLingua, an integral part of ConceptNet which is currently the largest commonsense knowledge base, is an English text processor developed using Python programming language in MIT Media Lab. The main feature of MontyLingua is the coverage for all aspects of English text processing from raw input text to semantic mea... | An Anthological Review of Research Utilizing MontyLingua, a Python-Based
End-to-End Text Processor | 1,276 |
This paper introduces how human languages can be studied in light of recent development of network theories. There are two directions of exploration. One is to study networks existing in the language system. Various lexical networks can be built based on different relationships between words, being semantic or syntacti... | Complex networks and human language | 1,277 |
High dimensional, sparsely populated data spaces have been characterized in terms of ultrametric topology. This implies that there are natural, not necessarily unique, tree or hierarchy structures defined by the ultrametric topology. In this note we study the extent of local ultrametric topology in texts, with the aim ... | A Note on Local Ultrametricity in Text | 1,278 |
In the paper, the definition of clause suitable for an automated processing of a Ukrainian text is proposed. The Menzerath-Altmann law is verified on the sentence level and the parameters for the dependences of the clause length counted in words and syllables on the sentence length counted in clauses are calculated for... | Menzerath-Altmann Law for Syntactic Structures in Ukrainian | 1,279 |
In numerous domains in cognitive science it is often useful to have a source for randomly generated corpora. These corpora may serve as a foundation for artificial stimuli in a learning experiment (e.g., Ellefson & Christiansen, 2000), or as input into computational models (e.g., Christiansen & Dale, 2001). The followi... | Random Sentences from a Generalized Phrase-Structure Grammar Interpreter | 1,280 |
This paper includes a reflection on the role of networks in the study of English language acquisition, as well as a collection of practical criteria to annotate free-speech corpora from children utterances. At the theoretical level, the main claim of this paper is that syntactic networks should be interpreted as the ou... | Network statistics on early English Syntax: Structural criteria | 1,281 |
We show that a general model of lexical information conforms to an abstract model that reflects the hierarchy of information found in a typical dictionary entry. We show that this model can be mapped into a well-formed XML document, and how the XSL transformation language can be used to implement a semantics defined ov... | A Formal Model of Dictionary Structure and Content | 1,282 |
This paper describes experiments on learning Dutch phonotactic rules using Inductive Logic Programming, a machine learning discipline based on inductive logical operators. Two different ways of approaching the problem are experimented with, and compared against each other as well as with related work on the task. The r... | Learning Phonotactics Using ILP | 1,283 |
We propose a range of deep lexical acquisition methods which make use of morphological, syntactic and ontological language resources to model word similarity and bootstrap from a seed lexicon. The different methods are deployed in learning lexical items for a precision grammar, and shown to each have strengths and weak... | Bootstrapping Deep Lexical Resources: Resources for Courses | 1,284 |
The task of finding a criterion allowing to distinguish a text from an arbitrary set of words is rather relevant in itself, for instance, in the aspect of development of means for internet-content indexing or separating signals and noise in communication channels. The Zipf law is currently considered to be the most rel... | On the role of autocorrelations in texts | 1,285 |
In the task of information retrieval the term relevance is taken to mean formal conformity of a document given by the retrieval system to user's information query. As a rule, the documents found by the retrieval system should be submitted to the user in a certain order. Therefore, a retrieval perceived as a selection o... | On the fractal nature of mutual relevance sequences in the Internet news
message flows | 1,286 |
We discuss the use of model building for temporal representations. We chose Polish to illustrate our discussion because it has an interesting aspectual system, but the points we wish to make are not language specific. Rather, our goal is to develop theoretical and computational tools for temporal model building tasks i... | Generating models for temporal representations | 1,287 |
The aim of this paper is to show how we can handle the Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE) task by using Description Logics (DLs). To do this, we propose a representation of natural language semantics in DLs inspired by existing representations in first-order logic. But our most significant contribution is the definit... | Using Description Logics for Recognising Textual Entailment | 1,288 |
Despite its importance, the task of summarizing evolving events has received small attention by researchers in the field of multi-document summariztion. In a previous paper (Afantenos et al. 2007) we have presented a methodology for the automatic summarization of documents, emitted by multiple sources, which describe t... | Some Reflections on the Task of Content Determination in the Context of
Multi-Document Summarization of Evolving Events | 1,289 |
In this paper we present an automated method for the classification of the origin of non-native speakers. The origin of non-native speakers could be identified by a human listener based on the detection of typical pronunciations for each nationality. Thus we suppose the existence of several phoneme sequences that might... | Discriminative Phoneme Sequences Extraction for Non-Native Speaker's
Origin Classification | 1,290 |
In this paper, we present several adaptation methods for non-native speech recognition. We have tested pronunciation modelling, MLLR and MAP non-native pronunciation adaptation and HMM models retraining on the HIWIRE foreign accented English speech database. The ``phonetic confusion'' scheme we have developed consists ... | Combined Acoustic and Pronunciation Modelling for Non-Native Speech
Recognition | 1,291 |
In this article, we present an approach for non native automatic speech recognition (ASR). We propose two methods to adapt existing ASR systems to the non-native accents. The first method is based on the modification of acoustic models through integration of acoustic models from the mother tong. The phonemes of the tar... | Amélioration des Performances des Systèmes Automatiques de
Reconnaissance de la Parole pour la Parole Non Native | 1,292 |
This paper explores several extensions of proof nets for the Lambek calculus in order to handle the different connectives of display logic in a natural way. The new proof net calculus handles some recent additions to the Lambek vocabulary such as Galois connections and Grishin interactions. It concludes with an explora... | Proof nets for display logic | 1,293 |
This article describes an exclusively resource-based method of morphological annotation of written Korean text. Korean is an agglutinative language. Our annotator is designed to process text before the operation of a syntactic parser. In its present state, it annotates one-stem words only. The output is a graph of morp... | Morphological annotation of Korean with Directly Maintainable Resources | 1,294 |
International standards for lexicon formats are in preparation. To a certain extent, the proposed formats converge with prior results of standardization projects. However, their adequacy for (i) lexicon management and (ii) lexicon-driven applications have been little debated in the past, nor are they as a part of the p... | Lexicon management and standard formats | 1,295 |
We describe a resource-based method of morphological annotation of written Korean text. Korean is an agglutinative language. The output of our system is a graph of morphemes annotated with accurate linguistic information. The language resources used by the system can be easily updated, which allows us-ers to control th... | A resource-based Korean morphological annotation system | 1,296 |
Shifting to a lexicalized grammar reduces the number of parsing errors and improves application results. However, such an operation affects a syntactic parser in all its aspects. One of our research objectives is to design a realistic model for grammar lexicalization. We carried out experiments for which we used a gram... | Graphes paramétrés et outils de lexicalisation | 1,297 |
Existing syntactic grammars of natural languages, even with a far from complete coverage, are complex objects. Assessments of the quality of parts of such grammars are useful for the validation of their construction. We evaluated the quality of a grammar of French determiners that takes the form of a recursive transiti... | Evaluation of a Grammar of French Determiners | 1,298 |
We discuss the characteristics and behaviour of two parallel classes of verbs in two Romance languages, French and Portuguese. Examples of these verbs are Port. abater [gado] and Fr. abattre [b\'etail], both meaning "slaughter [cattle]". In both languages, the definition of the class of verbs includes several features:... | Very strict selectional restrictions | 1,299 |
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