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Lexicon-Grammar tables are a very rich syntactic lexicon for the French language. This linguistic database is nevertheless not directly suitable for use by computer programs, as it is incomplete and lacks consistency. Tables are defined on the basis of features which are not explicitly recorded in the lexicon. These fe... | Constructions définitoires des tables du Lexique-Grammaire | 1,400 |
Categorial type logics, pioneered by Lambek, seek a proof-theoretic understanding of natural language syntax by identifying categories with formulas and derivations with proofs. We typically observe an intuitionistic bias: a structural configuration of hypotheses (a constituent) derives a single conclusion (the categor... | Tableaux for the Lambek-Grishin calculus | 1,401 |
This paper describes a probabilistic top-down parser for minimalist grammars. Top-down parsers have the great advantage of having a certain predictive power during the parsing, which takes place in a left-to-right reading of the sentence. Such parsers have already been well-implemented and studied in the case of Contex... | A probabilistic top-down parser for minimalist grammars | 1,402 |
In this paper the problems of deriving a taxonomy from a text and concept-oriented text segmentation are approached. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) method is applied to solve both of these linguistic problems. The proposed segmentation method offers a conceptual view for text segmentation, using a context-driven cluster... | Learning Taxonomy for Text Segmentation by Formal Concept Analysis | 1,403 |
It is usual to consider that standards generate mixed feelings among scientists. They are often seen as not really reflecting the state of the art in a given domain and a hindrance to scientific creativity. Still, scientists should theoretically be at the best place to bring their expertise into standard developments, ... | Stabilizing knowledge through standards - A perspective for the
humanities | 1,404 |
We have developed a full discourse parser in the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) style. Our trained parser first identifies all discourse and non-discourse relations, locates and labels their arguments, and then classifies their relation types. When appropriate, the attribution spans to these relations are also determin... | A PDTB-Styled End-to-End Discourse Parser | 1,405 |
A temporal analysis of emoticon use in Swedish, Italian, German and English asynchronous electronic communication is reported. Emoticons are classified as positive, negative and neutral. Postings to newsgroups over a 66 week period are considered. The aggregate analysis of emoticon use in newsgroups for science and pol... | Emoticonsciousness | 1,406 |
This article describes a method to build syntactical dependencies starting from the phrase structure parsing process. The goal is to obtain all the information needed for a detailled semantical analysis. Interaction Grammars are used for parsing; the saturation of polarities which is the core of this formalism can be m... | Motifs de graphe pour le calcul de dépendances syntaxiques complètes | 1,407 |
"What other people think" has always been an important piece of information during various decision-making processes. Today people frequently make their opinions available via the Internet, and as a result, the Web has become an excellent source for gathering consumer opinions. There are now numerous Web resources cont... | Opinion Polarity Identification through Adjectives | 1,408 |
Our study applies statistical methods to French and Italian corpora to examine the phenomenon of multi-word term reduction in specialty languages. There are two kinds of reduction: anaphoric and lexical. We show that anaphoric reduction depends on the discourse type (vulgarization, pedagogical, specialized) but is inde... | La réduction de termes complexes dans les langues de spécialité | 1,409 |
This document presents Annotated English, a system of diacritical symbols which turns English pronunciation into a precise and unambiguous process. The annotations are defined and located in such a way that the original English text is not altered (not even a letter), thus allowing for a consistent reading and learning... | Annotated English | 1,410 |
We reformulate minimalist grammars as partial functions on term algebras for strings and trees. Using filler/role bindings and tensor product representations, we construct homomorphisms for these data structures into geometric vector spaces. We prove that the structure-building functions as well as simple processors fo... | Geometric representations for minimalist grammars | 1,411 |
Arabic morphological analysis is one of the essential stages in Arabic Natural Language Processing. In this paper we present an approach for Arabic morphological analysis. This approach is based on Arabic morphological automaton (AMAUT). The proposed technique uses a morphological database realized using XMODEL languag... | Developing a New Approach for Arabic Morphological Analysis and
Generation | 1,412 |
Grishin proposed enriching the Lambek calculus with multiplicative disjunction (par) and coresiduals. Applications to linguistics were discussed by Moortgat, who spoke of the Lambek-Grishin calculus (LG). In this paper, we adapt Girard's polarity-sensitive double negation embedding for classical logic to extract a comp... | Polarized Montagovian Semantics for the Lambek-Grishin calculus | 1,413 |
We address the problem of inferring a speaker's level of certainty based on prosodic information in the speech signal, which has application in speech-based dialogue systems. We show that using phrase-level prosodic features centered around the phrases causing uncertainty, in addition to utterance-level prosodic featur... | Recognizing Uncertainty in Speech | 1,414 |
The limited range in its abscissa of ranked letter frequency distributions causes multiple functions to fit the observed distribution reasonably well. In order to critically compare various functions, we apply the statistical model selections on ten functions, using the texts of U.S. and Mexican presidential speeches i... | Fitting Ranked English and Spanish Letter Frequency Distribution in U.S.
and Mexican Presidential Speeches | 1,415 |
Existing grammar frameworks do not work out particularly well for controlled natural languages (CNL), especially if they are to be used in predictive editors. I introduce in this paper a new grammar notation, called Codeco, which is designed specifically for CNLs and predictive editors. Two different parsers have been ... | Codeco: A Grammar Notation for Controlled Natural Language in Predictive
Editors | 1,416 |
This article presents a fragment of a new comparative dictionary "A comparative dictionary of names of expansive action in Russian and Bulgarian languages". Main features of the new web-based comparative dictionary are placed, the principles of its formation are shown, primary links between the word-matches are classif... | Materials to the Russian-Bulgarian Comparative Dictionary "EAD" | 1,417 |
To facilitate future research in unsupervised induction of syntactic structure and to standardize best-practices, we propose a tagset that consists of twelve universal part-of-speech categories. In addition to the tagset, we develop a mapping from 25 different treebank tagsets to this universal set. As a result, when c... | A Universal Part-of-Speech Tagset | 1,418 |
Chinese characters can be compared to a molecular structure: a character is analogous to a molecule, radicals are like atoms, calligraphic strokes correspond to elementary particles, and when characters form compounds, they are like molecular structures. In chemistry the conjunction of all of these structural levels pr... | Seeking Meaning in a Space Made out of Strokes, Radicals, Characters and
Compounds | 1,419 |
This paper introduces the performance evaluation of statistical approaches for TextIndependent speaker recognition system using source feature. Linear prediction LP residual is used as a representation of excitation information in speech. The speaker-specific information in the excitation of voiced speech is captured u... | Performance Evaluation of Statistical Approaches for Text Independent
Speaker Recognition Using Source Feature | 1,420 |
This article overviews the current state of the English-Lithuanian-English machine translation system. The first part of the article describes the problems that system poses today and what actions will be taken to solve them in the future. The second part of the article tackles the main issue of the translation process... | English-Lithuanian-English Machine Translation lexicon and engine:
current state and future work | 1,421 |
The paper presents the design and development of English-Lithuanian-English dictionarylexicon tool and lexicon database management system for MT. The system is oriented to support two main requirements: to be open to the user and to describe much more attributes of speech parts as a regular dictionary that are required... | Multilingual lexicon design tool and database management system for MT | 1,422 |
In natural speech, the speaker does not pause between words, yet a human listener somehow perceives this continuous stream of phonemes as a series of distinct words. The detection of boundaries between spoken words is an instance of a general capability of the human neocortex to remember and to recognize recurring sequ... | A statistical learning algorithm for word segmentation | 1,423 |
This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun-phrase antecedents of pronouns and adjectival anaphors in Spanish dialogues. We believe that anaphora resolution requires numerous sources of information in order to find the correct antecedent of the anaphor. These sources can be of different kinds, e.g., linguisti... | Computational Approach to Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Dialogues | 1,424 |
Natural language generation (NLG) systems are computer software systems that produce texts in English and other human languages, often from non-linguistic input data. NLG systems, like most AI systems, need substantial amounts of knowledge. However, our experience in two NLG projects suggests that it is difficult to ac... | Acquiring Correct Knowledge for Natural Language Generation | 1,425 |
This article studies the emergence of ambiguity in communication through the concept of logical irreversibility and within the framework of Shannon's information theory. This leads us to a precise and general expression of the intuition behind Zipf's vocabulary balance in terms of a symmetry equation between the comple... | On the origin of ambiguity in efficient communication | 1,426 |
These notes are a continuation of topics covered by V. Selegej in his article "Electronic Dictionaries and Computational lexicography". How can an electronic dictionary have as its object the description of closely related languages? Obviously, such a question allows multiple answers. | Notes on Electronic Lexicography | 1,427 |
Model-based language specification has applications in the implementation of language processors, the design of domain-specific languages, model-driven software development, data integration, text mining, natural language processing, and corpus-based induction of models. Model-based language specification decouples lan... | Fence - An Efficient Parser with Ambiguity Support for Model-Driven
Language Specification | 1,428 |
We describe a new semantic relatedness measure combining the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis measure, the WordNet path measure and the mixed collocation index. Our measure achieves the currently highest results on the WS-353 test: a Spearman rho coefficient of 0.79 (vs. 0.75 in (Gabrilovich and Markovitch, 2... | A Semantic Relatedness Measure Based on Combined Encyclopedic,
Ontological and Collocational Knowledge | 1,429 |
Diacritical marks play a crucial role in meeting the criteria of usability of typographic text, such as: homogeneity, clarity and legibility. To change the diacritic of a letter in a word could completely change its semantic. The situation is very complicated with multilingual text. Indeed, the problem of design become... | Design of Arabic Diacritical Marks | 1,430 |
The interest in text to speech synthesis increased in the world .text to speech have been developed formany popular languages such as English, Spanish and French and many researches and developmentshave been applied to those languages. Persian on the other hand, has been given little attentioncompared to other language... | Use Pronunciation by Analogy for text to speech system in Persian
language | 1,431 |
We propose NEMO, a system for extracting organization names in the affiliation and normalizing them to a canonical organization name. Our parsing process involves multi-layered rule matching with multiple dictionaries. The system achieves more than 98% f-score in extracting organization names. Our process of normalizat... | NEMO: Extraction and normalization of organization names from PubMed
affiliation strings | 1,432 |
BioSimplify is an open source tool written in Java that introduces and facilitates the use of a novel model for sentence simplification tuned for automatic discourse analysis and information extraction (as opposed to sentence simplification for improving human readability). The model is based on a "shot-gun" approach t... | BioSimplify: an open source sentence simplification engine to improve
recall in automatic biomedical information extraction | 1,433 |
Overall, the two main contributions of this work include the application of sentence simplification to association extraction as described above, and the use of distributional semantics for concept extraction. The proposed work on concept extraction amalgamates for the first time two diverse research areas -distributio... | An Effective Approach to Biomedical Information Extraction with Limited
Training Data | 1,434 |
In this paper we consider the problem of efficient computation of cross-moments of a vector random variable represented by a stochastic context-free grammar. Two types of cross-moments are discussed. The sample space for the first one is the set of all derivations of the context-free grammar, and the sample space for t... | Cross-moments computation for stochastic context-free grammars | 1,435 |
This paper introduces, an XML format developed to serialise the object model defined by the ISO Syntactic Annotation Framework SynAF. Based on widespread best practices we adapt a popular XML format for syntactic annotation, TigerXML, with additional features to support a variety of syntactic phenomena including consti... | Serialising the ISO SynAF Syntactic Object Model | 1,436 |
The usefulness of annotated corpora is greatly increased if there is an associated tool that can allow various kinds of operations to be performed in a simple way. Different kinds of annotation frameworks and many query languages for them have been proposed, including some to deal with multiple layers of annotation. We... | A Concise Query Language with Search and Transform Operations for
Corpora with Multiple Levels of Annotation | 1,437 |
We present a system to translate natural language sentences to formulas in a formal or a knowledge representation language. Our system uses two inverse lambda-calculus operators and using them can take as input the semantic representation of some words, phrases and sentences and from that derive the semantic representa... | Using Inverse lambda and Generalization to Translate English to Formal
Languages | 1,438 |
For a system to understand natural language, it needs to be able to take natural language text and answer questions given in natural language with respect to that text; it also needs to be able to follow instructions given in natural language. To achieve this, a system must be able to process natural language and be ab... | Language understanding as a step towards human level intelligence -
automatizing the construction of the initial dictionary from example
sentences | 1,439 |
This paper investigates the efficiency of the EWC semantic relatedness measure in an ad-hoc retrieval task. This measure combines the Wikipedia-based Explicit Semantic Analysis measure, the WordNet path measure and the mixed collocation index. In the experiments, the open source search engine Terrier was utilised as a ... | Query Expansion: Term Selection using the EWC Semantic Relatedness
Measure | 1,440 |
Stabler proposes an implementation of the Chomskyan Minimalist Program, Chomsky 95 with Minimalist Grammars - MG, Stabler 97. This framework inherits a long linguistic tradition. But the semantic calculus is more easily added if one uses the Curry-Howard isomorphism. Minimalist Categorial Grammars - MCG, based on an ex... | Minimalist Grammars and Minimalist Categorial Grammars, definitions
toward inclusion of generated languages | 1,441 |
Formality is one of the most important dimensions of writing style variation. In this study we conducted an inter-rater reliability experiment for assessing sentence formality on a five-point Likert scale, and obtained good agreement results as well as different rating distributions for different sentence categories. W... | Inter-rater Agreement on Sentence Formality | 1,442 |
This paper presents a method to understand spoken Tunisian dialect based on lexical semantic. This method takes into account the specificity of the Tunisian dialect which has no linguistic processing tools. This method is ontology-based which allows exploiting the ontological concepts for semantic annotation and ontolo... | Building Ontologies to Understand Spoken Tunisian Dialect | 1,443 |
We introduce a stochastic graph-based method for computing relative importance of textual units for Natural Language Processing. We test the technique on the problem of Text Summarization (TS). Extractive TS relies on the concept of sentence salience to identify the most important sentences in a document or set of docu... | LexRank: Graph-based Lexical Centrality as Salience in Text
Summarization | 1,444 |
In this paper we concentrate on the resolution of the lexical ambiguity that arises when a given word has several different meanings. This specific task is commonly referred to as word sense disambiguation (WSD). The task of WSD consists of assigning the correct sense to words using an electronic dictionary as the sour... | Combining Knowledge- and Corpus-based Word-Sense-Disambiguation Methods | 1,445 |
A fundamental requirement of any task-oriented dialogue system is the ability to generate object descriptions that refer to objects in the task domain. The subproblem of content selection for object descriptions in task-oriented dialogue has been the focus of much previous work and a large number of models have been pr... | Learning Content Selection Rules for Generating Object Descriptions in
Dialogue | 1,446 |
The relationship between written and spoken words is convoluted in languages with a deep orthography such as English and therefore it is difficult to devise explicit rules for generating the pronunciations for unseen words. Pronunciation by analogy (PbA) is a data-driven method of constructing pronunciations for novel ... | A Probabilistic Approach to Pronunciation by Analogy | 1,447 |
Since 2006 we have undertaken to describe the differences between 17th century English and contemporary English thanks to NLP software. Studying a corpus spanning the whole century (tales of English travellers in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, Mary Astell's essay A Serious Proposal to the Ladies and other lite... | Automatic transcription of 17th century English text in Contemporary
English with NooJ: Method and Evaluation | 1,448 |
A new approach to the problem of natural language understanding is proposed. The knowledge domain under consideration is the social behavior of people. English sentences are translated into set of predicates of a semantic database, which describe persons, occupations, organizations, projects, actions, events, messages,... | Object-oriented semantics of English in natural language understanding
system | 1,449 |
Traditional language processing tools constrain language designers to specific kinds of grammars. In contrast, model-based language specification decouples language design from language processing. As a consequence, model-based language specification tools need general parsers able to parse unrestricted context-free gr... | A Constraint-Satisfaction Parser for Context-Free Grammars | 1,450 |
The goal of the present chapter is to explore the possibility of providing the research (but also the industrial) community that commonly uses spoken corpora with a stable portfolio of well-documented standardised formats that allow a high re-use rate of annotated spoken resources and, as a consequence, better interope... | Data formats for phonological corpora | 1,451 |
In anaphora resolution for English, animacy identification can play an integral role in the application of agreement restrictions between pronouns and candidates, and as a result, can improve the accuracy of anaphora resolution systems. In this paper, two methods for animacy identification are proposed and evaluated us... | NP Animacy Identification for Anaphora Resolution | 1,452 |
This paper presents a novel algorithm to compute sentiment orientation of Chinese sentiment word. The algorithm uses ideograms which are a distinguishing feature of Chinese language. The proposed algorithm can be applied to any sentiment classification scheme. To compute a word's sentiment orientation using the propose... | Ideogram Based Chinese Sentiment Word Orientation Computation | 1,453 |
One of the biggest challenges in the development and deployment of spoken dialogue systems is the design of the spoken language generation module. This challenge arises from the need for the generator to adapt to many features of the dialogue domain, user population, and dialogue context. A promising approach is traina... | Individual and Domain Adaptation in Sentence Planning for Dialogue | 1,454 |
This paper presents the preliminary works to put online a French oral corpus and its transcription. This corpus is the Socio-Linguistic Survey in Orleans, realized in 1968. First, we numerized the corpus, then we handwritten transcribed it with the Transcriber software adding different tags about speakers, time, noise,... | ESLO: from transcription to speakers' personal information annotation | 1,455 |
In this paper, we evaluate various French lexica with the parser FRMG: the Lefff, LGLex, the lexicon built from the tables of the French Lexicon-Grammar, the lexicon DICOVALENCE and a new version of the verbal entries of the Lefff, obtained by merging with DICOVALENCE and partial manual validation. For this, all these ... | Évaluation de lexiques syntaxiques par leur intégartion dans
l'analyseur syntaxiques FRMG | 1,456 |
In this paper, we summerize the work done on the resources of Modern Greek on the Lexicon-Grammar of verbs. We detail the definitional features of each table, and all changes made to the names of features to make them consistent. Through the development of the table of classes, including all the features, we have consi... | Construction du lexique LGLex à partir des tables du Lexique-Grammaire
des verbes du grec moderne | 1,457 |
This paper presents a work on extending the adverbial entries of LGLex: a NLP oriented syntactic resource for French. Adverbs were extracted from the Lexicon-Grammar tables of both simple adverbs ending in -ment '-ly' (Molinier and Levrier, 2000) and compound adverbs (Gross, 1986; 1990). This work relies on the exploit... | Extending the adverbial coverage of a NLP oriented resource for French | 1,458 |
Algorithms of question answering in a computer system oriented on input and logical processing of text information are presented. A knowledge domain under consideration is social behavior of a person. A database of the system includes an internal representation of natural language sentences and supplemental information... | Question Answering in a Natural Language Understanding System Based on
Object-Oriented Semantics | 1,459 |
A tagger is a mandatory segment of most text scrutiny systems, as it consigned a s yntax class (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, and adverb) to every word in a sentence. In this paper, we present a simple part of speech tagger for homoeopathy clinical language. This paper reports about the anticipated part of speech tagger... | Rule based Part of speech Tagger for Homoeopathy Clinical realm | 1,460 |
Twitter messages often contain so-called hashtags to denote keywords related to them. Using a dataset of 29 million messages, I explore relations among these hashtags with respect to co-occurrences. Furthermore, I present an attempt to classify hashtags into five intuitive classes, using a machine-learning approach. Th... | Exploring Twitter Hashtags | 1,461 |
This works aims to design a statistical machine translation from English text to American Sign Language (ASL). The system is based on Moses tool with some modifications and the results are synthesized through a 3D avatar for interpretation. First, we translate the input text to gloss, a written form of ASL. Second, we ... | Statistical Sign Language Machine Translation: from English written text
to American Sign Language Gloss | 1,462 |
In this paper we describe function tagging using Transformation Based Learning (TBL) for Myanmar that is a method of extensions to the previous statistics-based function tagger. Contextual and lexical rules (developed using TBL) were critical in achieving good results. First, we describe a method for expressing lexical... | Grammatical Relations of Myanmar Sentences Augmented by
Transformation-Based Learning of Function Tagging | 1,463 |
Short Message Service (SMS) messages are largely sent directly from one person to another from their mobile phones. They represent a means of personal communication that is an important communicative artifact in our current digital era. As most existing studies have used private access to SMS corpora, comparative studi... | Creating a Live, Public Short Message Service Corpus: The NUS SMS Corpus | 1,464 |
A step-to-step introduction is provided on how to generate a semantic map from a collection of messages (full texts, paragraphs or statements) using freely available software and/or SPSS for the relevant statistics and the visualization. The techniques are discussed in the various theoretical contexts of (i) linguistic... | Visualization and Analysis of Frames in Collections of Messages: Content
Analysis and the Measurement of Meaning | 1,465 |
Grishin's generalization of Lambek's Syntactic Calculus combines a non-commutative multiplicative conjunction and its residuals (product, left and right division) with a dual family: multiplicative disjunction, right and left difference. Interaction between these two families takes the form of linear distributivity pri... | Proof nets for the Lambek-Grishin calculus | 1,466 |
A formal theory based on a binary operator of directional associative relation is constructed in the article and an understanding of an associative normal form of image constructions is introduced. A model of a commutative semigroup, which provides a presentation of a sentence as three components of an interrogative li... | Formalization of semantic network of image constructions in electronic
content | 1,467 |
We describe a Context Free Grammar (CFG) for Bangla language and hence we propose a Bangla parser based on the grammar. Our approach is very much general to apply in Bangla Sentences and the method is well accepted for parsing a language of a grammar. The proposed parser is a predictive parser and we construct the pars... | Recognizing Bangla Grammar using Predictive Parser | 1,468 |
[This is the translation of paper "Arborification de Wikip\'edia et analyse s\'emantique explicite stratifi\'ee" submitted to TALN 2012.] We present an extension of the Explicit Semantic Analysis method by Gabrilovich and Markovitch. Using their semantic relatedness measure, we weight the Wikipedia categories graph. Th... | Wikipedia Arborification and Stratified Explicit Semantic Analysis | 1,469 |
Algorithms of inference in a computer system oriented to input and semantic processing of text information are presented. Such inference is necessary for logical questions when the direct comparison of objects from a question and database can not give a result. The following classes of problems are considered: a check ... | Inference and Plausible Reasoning in a Natural Language Understanding
System Based on Object-Oriented Semantics | 1,470 |
Here we describe work on learning the subcategories of verbs in a morphologically rich language using only minimal linguistic resources. Our goal is to learn verb subcategorizations for Quechua, an under-resourced morphologically rich language, from an unannotated corpus. We compare results from applying this approach ... | Considering a resource-light approach to learning verb valencies | 1,471 |
Sentiment analysis predicts the presence of positive or negative emotions in a text document. In this paper we consider higher dimensional extensions of the sentiment concept, which represent a richer set of human emotions. Our approach goes beyond previous work in that our model contains a continuous manifold rather t... | Beyond Sentiment: The Manifold of Human Emotions | 1,472 |
This paper presents the continuation of the work completed by Satori and all. [SCH07] by the realization of an automatic speech recognition system (ASR) for Arabic language based SPHINX 4 system. The previous work was limited to the recognition of the first ten digits, whereas the present work is a remarkable projectio... | Realisation d'un systeme de reconnaissance automatique de la parole
arabe base sur CMU Sphinx | 1,473 |
I pinpoint an interesting similarity between a recent account to rational parsing and the treatment of sequential decisions problems in a dynamical systems approach. I argue that expectation-driven search heuristics aiming at fast computation resembles a high-risk decision strategy in favor of large transition velociti... | The Horse Raced Past: Gardenpath Processing in Dynamical Systems | 1,474 |
This paper describes a context free grammar (CFG) based grammatical relations for Myanmar sentences which combine corpus-based function tagging system. Part of the challenge of statistical function tagging for Myanmar sentences comes from the fact that Myanmar has free-phrase-order and a complex morphological system. F... | Statistical Function Tagging and Grammatical Relations of Myanmar
Sentences | 1,475 |
The ability to mimic human notions of semantic distance has widespread applications. Some measures rely only on raw text (distributional measures) and some rely on knowledge sources such as WordNet. Although extensive studies have been performed to compare WordNet-based measures with human judgment, the use of distribu... | Distributional Measures of Semantic Distance: A Survey | 1,476 |
The automatic ranking of word pairs as per their semantic relatedness and ability to mimic human notions of semantic relatedness has widespread applications. Measures that rely on raw data (distributional measures) and those that use knowledge-rich ontologies both exist. Although extensive studies have been performed t... | Distributional Measures as Proxies for Semantic Relatedness | 1,477 |
The study of natural language, especially Arabic, and mechanisms for the implementation of automatic processing is a fascinating field of study, with various potential applications. The importance of tools for natural language processing is materialized by the need to have applications that can effectively treat the va... | Fault detection system for Arabic language | 1,478 |
Modern computational linguistic software cannot produce important aspects of sign language translation. Using some researches we deduce that the majority of automatic sign language translation systems ignore many aspects when they generate animation; therefore the interpretation lost the truth information meaning. Our ... | Toward an example-based machine translation from written text to ASL
using virtual agent animation | 1,479 |
In spite of its robust syntax, semantic cohesion, and less ambiguity, lemma level analysis and generation does not yet focused in Arabic NLP literatures. In the current research, we propose the first non-statistical accurate Arabic lemmatizer algorithm that is suitable for information retrieval (IR) systems. The propos... | An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information Retrieval
Purposes | 1,480 |
In this paper, a supervised learning technique for extracting keyphrases of Arabic documents is presented. The extractor is supplied with linguistic knowledge to enhance its efficiency instead of relying only on statistical information such as term frequency and distance. During analysis, an annotated Arabic corpus is ... | Arabic Keyphrase Extraction using Linguistic knowledge and Machine
Learning Techniques | 1,481 |
This paper gives a detail overview about the modified features selection in CRF (Conditional Random Field) based Manipuri POS (Part of Speech) tagging. Selection of features is so important in CRF that the better are the features then the better are the outputs. This work is an attempt or an experiment to make the prev... | Reduplicated MWE (RMWE) helps in improving the CRF based Manipuri POS
Tagger | 1,482 |
We present CAVaT, a tool that performs Corpus Analysis and Validation for TimeML. CAVaT is an open source, modular checking utility for statistical analysis of features specific to temporally-annotated natural language corpora. It provides reporting, highlights salient links between a variety of general and time-specif... | Analysing Temporally Annotated Corpora with CAVaT | 1,483 |
Temporal information conveyed by language describes how the world around us changes through time. Events, durations and times are all temporal elements that can be viewed as intervals. These intervals are sometimes temporally related in text. Automatically determining the nature of such relations is a complex and unsol... | Using Signals to Improve Automatic Classification of Temporal Relations | 1,484 |
We describe the University of Sheffield system used in the TempEval-2 challenge, USFD2. The challenge requires the automatic identification of temporal entities and relations in text. USFD2 identifies and anchors temporal expressions, and also attempts two of the four temporal relation assignment tasks. A rule-based sy... | USFD2: Annotating Temporal Expresions and TLINKs for TempEval-2 | 1,485 |
In this paper we present RTMML, a markup language for the tenses of verbs and temporal relations between verbs. There is a richness to tense in language that is not fully captured by existing temporal annotation schemata. Following Reichenbach we present an analysis of tense in terms of abstract time points, with the a... | An Annotation Scheme for Reichenbach's Verbal Tense Structure | 1,486 |
Automatic temporal ordering of events described in discourse has been of great interest in recent years. Event orderings are conveyed in text via va rious linguistic mechanisms including the use of expressions such as "before", "after" or "during" that explicitly assert a temporal relation -- temporal signals. In this ... | A Corpus-based Study of Temporal Signals | 1,487 |
This paper describes the University of Sheffield's entry in the 2011 TAC KBP entity linking and slot filling tasks. We chose to participate in the monolingual entity linking task, the monolingual slot filling task and the temporal slot filling tasks. We set out to build a framework for experimentation with knowledge ba... | USFD at KBP 2011: Entity Linking, Slot Filling and Temporal Bounding | 1,488 |
Automatic annotation of temporal expressions is a research challenge of great interest in the field of information extraction. Gold standard temporally-annotated resources are limited in size, which makes research using them difficult. Standards have also evolved over the past decade, so not all temporally annotated da... | Massively Increasing TIMEX3 Resources: A Transduction Approach | 1,489 |
ASR short for Automatic Speech Recognition is the process of converting a spoken speech into text that can be manipulated by a computer. Although ASR has several applications, it is still erroneous and imprecise especially if used in a harsh surrounding wherein the input speech is of low quality. This paper proposes a ... | Post-Editing Error Correction Algorithm for Speech Recognition using
Bing Spelling Suggestion | 1,490 |
At the present time, computers are employed to solve complex tasks and problems ranging from simple calculations to intensive digital image processing and intricate algorithmic optimization problems to computationally-demanding weather forecasting problems. ASR short for Automatic Speech Recognition is yet another type... | ASR Context-Sensitive Error Correction Based on Microsoft N-Gram Dataset | 1,491 |
Tree transducers are formal automata that transform trees into other trees. Many varieties of tree transducers have been explored in the automata theory literature, and more recently, in the machine translation literature. In this paper I review T and xT transducers, situate them among related formalisms, and show how ... | Tree Transducers, Machine Translation, and Cross-Language Divergences | 1,492 |
WordNet proved that it is possible to construct a large-scale electronic lexical database on the principles of lexical semantics. It has been accepted and used extensively by computational linguists ever since it was released. Inspired by WordNet's success, we propose as an alternative a similar resource, based on the ... | Roget's Thesaurus as a Lexical Resource for Natural Language Processing | 1,493 |
Spell-checking is the process of detecting and sometimes providing suggestions for incorrectly spelled words in a text. Basically, the larger the dictionary of a spell-checker is, the higher is the error detection rate; otherwise, misspellings would pass undetected. Unfortunately, traditional dictionaries suffer from o... | Parallel Spell-Checking Algorithm Based on Yahoo! N-Grams Dataset | 1,494 |
With the advent of digital optical scanners, a lot of paper-based books, textbooks, magazines, articles, and documents are being transformed into an electronic version that can be manipulated by a computer. For this purpose, OCR, short for Optical Character Recognition was developed to translate scanned graphical text ... | OCR Post-Processing Error Correction Algorithm using Google Online
Spelling Suggestion | 1,495 |
We have implemented a system that measures semantic similarity using a computerized 1987 Roget's Thesaurus, and evaluated it by performing a few typical tests. We compare the results of these tests with those produced by WordNet-based similarity measures. One of the benchmarks is Miller and Charles' list of 30 noun pai... | Roget's Thesaurus and Semantic Similarity | 1,496 |
Morris and Hirst present a method of linking significant words that are about the same topic. The resulting lexical chains are a means of identifying cohesive regions in a text, with applications in many natural language processing tasks, including text summarization. The first lexical chains were constructed manually ... | Not As Easy As It Seems: Automating the Construction of Lexical Chains
Using Roget's Thesaurus | 1,497 |
This paper presents the steps involved in creating an electronic lexical knowledge base from the 1987 Penguin edition of Roget's Thesaurus. Semantic relations are labelled with the help of WordNet. The two resources are compared in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Differences in the organization of the lexical ma... | Roget's Thesaurus: a Lexical Resource to Treasure | 1,498 |
We propose a new segmentation evaluation metric, called segmentation similarity (S), that quantifies the similarity between two segmentations as the proportion of boundaries that are not transformed when comparing them using edit distance, essentially using edit distance as a penalty function and scaling penalties by s... | Segmentation Similarity and Agreement | 1,499 |
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