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Endoreversible thermodynamics is a subset of irreversible thermodynamics aimed at making more realistic assumptions about heat transfer than are typically made in reversible thermodynamics. It gives an upper bound on the energy that can be derived from a real process that is "lower" than that predicted by Carnot for a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22987859 | 19,318 |
Very large floating structure In December 2018, Shell announced that the wells have been opened and the plant was ready to begin the initial phase of production. In June 2019, it reached a significant milestone, shipping its first liquefied natural gas cargo to customers in Asia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6517038 | 331,518 |
Marginal propensity to save The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is the fraction of an increase in income that is not spent and instead used for saving. It is the slope of the line plotting saving against income. For example, if a household earns one extra dollar, and the marginal propensity to save is 0.35, then of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=570963 | 509,143 |
Coenzyme Q10 The American Cancer Society concluded, "CoQ may reduce the effectiveness of chemo and radiation therapy, so most oncologists would recommend avoiding it during cancer treatment." A 1995 review study found that there is no clinical benefit to the use of CoQ in the treatment of periodontal disease. Most of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97574 | 57,935 |
Central Electro Chemical Research Institute More than 140 processes have been released to 525 licensees for commercial exploitation. The institute staff has published more than 5500 research papers including several review articles in both national and international journals of repute, edited several books and conferen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4647025 | 91,386 |
Superlattice A Fibonacci superlattice can be viewed as a one-dimensional quasicrystal, where either electron hopping transfer or on-site energy takes two values arranged in a Fibonacci sequence. Semiconductor materials, which are used to fabricate the superlattice structures, may be divided by the element groups, IV, I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1381368 | 39,836 |
Ammunition The components of ammunition intended for rifles and munitions may be divided into these categories: The term "fuze" refers to the detonator of an explosive round or shell. The spelling is different in British English and American English (fuse/fuze respectively) and they are unrelated from a fuse (electrica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18940621 | 256,929 |
Welding For example, lead glass becomes a weldable liquid at around , and can be welded with a simple propane torch. On the other hand, quartz glass (fused silica) must be heated to over , but quickly loses its viscosity and formability if overheated, so an oxyhydrogen torch must be used. Sometimes a tube may be attach... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=44883 | 432,480 |
On-die termination (ODT) is the technology where the termination resistor for impedance matching in transmission lines is located inside a semiconductor chip instead of on a printed circuit board (PCB). In lower frequency (slow edge rate) applications, interconnection lines can be modelled as "lumped" circuits. In this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16334130 | 405,191 |
Bruno Pontecorvo (; , "Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo"; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1834663 | 293,087 |
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG, ) is a university in the Bắc Từ Liêm district of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. It trains technical experts in exploration and exploitation of natural resources; in protection of mining and the geological environment; and to be a center for research and technology transfer ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39224676 | 329,614 |
Metadyne Osnos looked at the practical arrangements for several such machines in 1907, and in the same year, Felton and Guilleaume obtained a British patent, number 26,607, which described auxiliary windings, armature windings and multiple commutators, although all in fairly general terms. He also indicated that they c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11270303 | 263,233 |
Gel electrophoresis Up to 3% can be used for separating very tiny fragments but a vertical polyacrylamide gel is more appropriate in this case. Low percentage gels are very weak and may break when you try to lift them. High percentage gels are often brittle and do not set evenly. 1% gels are common for many application... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12582 | 160,524 |
Barber–Layden–Power effect The ("BLP effect" or colloquially "Bleep") is a blast wave phenomenon observed in the immediate aftermath of the successful functioning of air-delivered high-drag ordnance at the target. In common with a typical blast wave, the flow field can be approximated as a lead shock wave, followed by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15593113 | 307,988 |
Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights The endorsement of the oxygen scale created significant backlash in the chemistry community, and the inaugural Atomic Weights Report was thus published using both scales. This practice soon ceded and the oxygen scale remained the international standard for decades to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39042932 | 17,552 |
3D computer graphics Use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production is called machinima. There are a multitude of websites designed to help, educate and support 3D graphic artists. Some are managed by software developers and content providers, but there are standalone sites as well. These c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10175073 | 110,604 |
Phoenix (ATC) PHOENIX is a common R/SDPS tool in the German ATC world, used at more than 150 operational locations, scheduled for more than 700 additional locations, and used as a test, analysis, and evaluation tool in more than 200 locations. Today, PHOENIX is an international R/SDPS tool with system recognised intern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30422140 | 382,163 |
Light-dependent reactions This process results in the formation of a positive charge on the special pair (due to the loss of an electron) and a negative charge on the acceptor and is, hence, referred to as photoinduced charge separation. In other words, electrons in pigment molecules can exist at specific energy levels... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 | 30,041 |
Volute (pump) A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, maintaining the velocity of the fluid through to the diffuser. As liquid exits the impeller it has high kinetic energ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22917401 | 205,551 |
Physical Internet In transportation, the Physical Internet® refers to the combination of digital transportation networks that are deploying to replace analog road networks. As the Internet has resolved itself into niche implementations for high-speed (fiberoptics), local area networks (Wifi), and local device (BlueToot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38501388 | 488,220 |
Arbitrary slice ordering Figure 4: The AVC decoder blocks need to support ASO and FMO decoding. In addition to the "slice" length and the macroblock address of the 1st macroblock (MB) of the "slice", the "slice" parser (Figure 4) need to extract the "Slice" Group (SG) of each "slice". These informations, together with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25348948 | 413,815 |
Externality If external costs exist, such as pollution, the producer may choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the producer were required to pay all associated environmental costs. Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of extern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=61193 | 509,929 |
Elliott R. Brown from the University of California, Los Angeles, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Forum on Industrial and Applied Physics in 2007, for "breakthroughs in THz science and technology including new solid-state coherent sources: (1) resonan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53844269 | 8,769 |
Kenneth W. Gentle from the University of Texas, Austin, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Plasma Physics in 1996, for "his pioneering experiments on wave-particle and wave-wave interactions which have illuminated the fundamental nonlinear p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=53842252 | 8,719 |
Mine survey Mine surveying is the practice of determining the relative positions of points on or beneath the surface of the earth by direct or indirect measurements of distance, direction & elevation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51815005 | 214,809 |
Drug discovery Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is sti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=571274 | 26,358 |
Polyphase system A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating-current electrical power where the power transfer is constant during each electrical cycle. Polyphase systems have three or more energized electrical conductors carrying alternating currents with a defined phase angle between the voltage waves i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=261881 | 399,335 |
Inflation expectations or expected inflation is the rate of inflation that is anticipated for some period of time in the foreseeable future. There are two major approaches to modeling the formation of inflation expectations. Adaptive expectations models them as a weighted average of what was expected one period earlier... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38286 | 509,498 |
City Trade House () is a building in Tsentralny City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located at Krasny Avenue. The building was designed by architect Andrey Kryachkov. was built in 1910–1911. In tsarist times, the building was occupied by various shops and the city government. Since 1985 Novosibirsk State Museum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58783475 | 306,048 |
Workforce productivity Management may be very preoccupied with the productivity of employees, but the productivity gains of management itself is very difficult to prove. While labor productivity growth has been seen as a useful barometer of the U.S. economy’s performance, recent research has examined why U.S. labor pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4535866 | 462,215 |
Darkforest Darkfmct3 was trained against 300 random selected games from an empirical dataset representing different game stages. The learning rate was determined by vanilla stochastic gradient descent. Darkfmct3 synchronously couples a convolutional neural network with a Monte Carlo tree search. Because the convolution... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=49316492 | 128,793 |
Karlino oil eruption Altogether, some 1000 people were involved in the mission. The new preventer was constructed at May 1 Works in Ploiești, Romania. It weighed 11 tons, and was lifted by a 100-ton crane with a 60-meter arm. The entire operation cost about 300 million zlotys, and during the fire, some 20,000–30,000 to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34106536 | 336,070 |
KTVU The station's digital signal was relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 56, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to UHF channel 44 (the allocation previously occupied by KBCW's analog signal), using PSIP to display KTVU's v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1952226 | 411,905 |
Lectin g., cooking with heat, fermentation). For example, raw kidney beans naturally contain toxic levels of lectin (e.g. phytohaemagglutinin). Adverse effects may include nutritional deficiencies, and immune (allergic) reactions. Lectins are considered a major family of protein antinutrients, which are specific sugar-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=436414 | 68,309 |
International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering The (ISSMGE) is an international professional association, presently based in London, representing engineers, academics and contractors involved in geotechnical engineering. It is a federation of 89 member societies representing 90 countries around t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40038058 | 435,557 |
Alcohol advertising There have been studies similar to this, which supports the allegation that underage consumption of alcohol is in correlation with the exposure of alcohol ads. In response, many cities have recognized the effect of alcohol-related ads on adolescents and in some cities these advertisements have been ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2322041 | 482,719 |
Quartz (publication) According to a press release, the name "Quartz" was chosen for reasons related to its branding and the unusual combination of two infrequently used letters, "q" and "z", in the title. On September 24, 2012, "Quartz" launched its website, "qz.com". The site was designed to deliver content primarily ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37441707 | 505,814 |
Soldering Resistance soldering is unlike using a conduction iron, where heat is produced within an element and then passed through a thermally conductive tip into the joint area. A cold soldering iron requires time to reach working temperature and must be kept hot between solder joints. Thermal transfer may be inhibite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25067088 | 413,739 |
Biologics Control Act In 1972, biologics regulation was moved to the Food and Drug Administration and later became known as the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). The set a precedent for the federal regulation of biologics such as vaccines and blood components. With the development of biotechnology, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4167290 | 151,355 |
Thermal copper pillar bump The addition of the TE layer transforms a standard copper pillar bump into a thermal bump. This element, when properly configured electrically and thermally, provides active thermoelectric heat transfer from one side of the bump to the other side. The direction of heat transfer is dictated by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16437835 | 51,650 |
Machine Perhaps the best known is the flyball governor for a steam engine. Examples of these devices range from a thermostat that as temperature rises opens a valve to cooling water to speed controllers such as the cruise control system in an automobile. The programmable logic controller replaced relays and specialized... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51462 | 292,522 |
Middle Rio Grande Project Irrigation peaked in 1880 with of cultivated land in the stretch of valley from Cochiti to San Marcial. The extent of cultivation began to decline after this due to water shortage, floods and waterlogging caused by aggradation of the riverbed, a rising water table and poor drainage. The Middle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37243596 | 228,134 |
The Death of Money is a 1993 book (and an article with the same title) by Joel Kurtzman, a former editor of "Harvard Business Review". Kurtzman uses the "death of money" to refer to a change in the economic nature of money in the United States following Richard Nixon's removal of US dollar from the gold standard (as in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22000089 | 513,454 |
Integrating ADC 3 volts (after accounting for any offset error), a gain multiplier of 0.94 (5 / 5.3) can be applied to any subsequent measurement results. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22269055 | 405,525 |
Jobless recovery A jobless recovery or jobless growth is an economic phenomenon in which a macroeconomy experiences growth while maintaining or decreasing its level of employment. The term was coined by the economist Nick Perna in the early 1990s. Economists are still divided about the causes and cures of a jobless rec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1057575 | 217,647 |
Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India The National Centre for Flexible Electronics (NCFlexE) at IIT Kanpur, the National Centre for Excellence in Technology for Internal Security (NCETIS) at IIT Bombay and the Centre for Excellence for Internet of Things at NASSCOM, Bengaluru have been set up to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51010296 | 397,199 |
Clay mineral Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1161453 | 50,687 |
Biogen UK Biogen (UK) Ltd is a leading UK owner and operator of anaerobic digestion and composting plants based in Bedfordshire. It is responsible for the construction of 22 plants to date and currently operates fourteen anaerobic digestion plants and six composting facilities in England, Scotland and Wales. Biogen's a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46821627 | 354,128 |
Avionics software Since most avionics manufacturers see software as a way to add value without adding weight, the importance of embedded software in avionic systems is increasing. Most modern commercial aircraft with auto-pilots use flight computers and so called flight management systems (FMS) that can fly the aircraf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=308137 | 110,929 |
Spider (polarimeter) Spider is a balloon-borne experiment designed to search for primordial gravitational waves imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Measuring the strength of this signal puts limits on inflationary theory. The Spider instrument consists of six degree-resolution telescopes cooled to liqui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10623615 | 11,554 |
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Students may join AATCC even if a chapter does not exist at their college or university; however, certain scholarships and awards are available only at schools with active student chapters. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6007490 | 93,089 |
Audio description In the 1990s at cinemas in California, RP International began to offer audio descriptions for theatrical films under the brand "TheatreVision", relayed via earpieces to those who request it. A clip from "Schindler's List" was used to pitch the concept to the film's producers Gerald Molen and Branko Lu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=578271 | 420,740 |
Dynamometer In most dynamometers power ("P") is not measured directly, but must be calculated from torque ("τ") and angular velocity ("ω") values or force ("F") and linear velocity ("v"): Division by a conversion constant may be required, depending on the units of measure used. For imperial units, For metric units, A d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=908654 | 389,484 |
Bring your own device The proliferation of devices such as tablets and smartphones, now used by many people in their daily lives, has led to a number of companies, such as IBM, to allow employees to bring their own devices to work, due to perceived productivity gains and cost savings. The idea was initially rejected be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34249411 | 275,779 |
C-RAN Second, when more BTS are added to a system to improve its capacity, interference among BTS is more severe as BTS are closer to each other and more of them are using the same frequency. Third, because users are mobile, the traffic of each BTS fluctuates (called 'tide effect'), and as a result, the average utiliza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30862029 | 413,086 |
Ice storage air conditioning Capital expenditures are minimized because the chillers can be just 40 - 50% of the size needed for a conventional design. Ice storage sufficient to store half a day's rejected heat is usually adequate. A full storage system minimizes the cost of energy to run that system by entirely shutti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30938449 | 382,307 |
John Scott Russell As a result of this, Holley, and his colleague Zerah Colburn, travelled on the maiden voyage of "Great Eastern" from Southampton to New York in June 1860. Scott Russell's son, Norman, stayed with Holley at his house in Brooklyn — Norman also travelled on the maiden voyage, one voyage that did not mak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=518545 | 346,741 |
Pennsylvania Department of Education The is the executive department of the state charged with publicly funded preschool, K-12 and adult educational budgeting, management and guidelines. As the state education agency, its activities are directed by the governor appointed Pennsylvania's Secretary of Education. The agenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1930350 | 460,934 |
Biodilution Biodilution, sometimes referred to as bloom dilution, is the decrease in concentration of an element or pollutant with an increase in trophic level. This effect is primarily observed during algal blooms whereby an increase in algal biomass reduces the concentration of pollutants in organisms higher up in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=29102236 | 178,021 |
Vivitar Corporation was a manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of photographic and optical equipment originally based in Santa Monica, California. Since 2008, the name serves as Sakar International's house brand for digital imaging, optics, mobile accessories, and audio products. The company's product line has inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1726618 | 104,412 |
Nodal analysis The direction of the currents in calculations is chosen to be away from the node. With Kirchhoff's current law, we get: formula_1 This equation can be solved with respect to V: formula_2 Finally, the unknown voltage can be solved by substituting numerical values for the symbols. Any unknown currents are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2329101 | 415,662 |
Befol may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33013917 | 76,824 |
Telford Medal The is a prize awarded by the British Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) for a paper or series of papers. It was introduced in 1835 following a bequest made by Thomas Telford, the ICE's first president. It can be awarded in gold, silver or bronze; the Telford Gold Medal is the highest award the institut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20143853 | 343,506 |
Hydrophobic effect The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water molecules. The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing", and it describes the segregation of water and nonpolar substances, which maximizes hydrogen bonding between mol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1020643 | 85,369 |
Nobelium They claimed the production of the isotope 103, and also claimed to have synthesized an alpha decaying isotope of element 102 that had a half-life of 15 s and alpha decay energy 8.2 MeV. They assigned this to 102 without giving a reason for the assignment. The values do not agree with those now known for No, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21278 | 95,708 |
Web access management (WAM) is a form of identity management that controls access to web resources, providing authentication management, policy-based authorizations, audit and reporting services (optional) and single sign-on convenience. Authentication management is the process of determining a user’s (or application’s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16765936 | 111,966 |
Maximum entropy thermodynamics A direct connection is thus made between the equilibrium thermodynamic entropy "S", a state function of pressure, volume, temperature, etc., and the information entropy for the predicted distribution with maximum uncertainty conditioned only on the expectation values of those variables: "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3015758 | 425,827 |
List of mobile network operators of Europe A mobile network operator or MNO (also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier) is a provider of wireless communications services. The main MNOs in Europe are listed below. Albania as per Q1 2019 has 3.66 million subs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7964379 | 288,489 |
Completeness (cryptography) In cryptography, a boolean function is said to be complete if the value of each output bit depends on "all" input bits. This is a desirable property to have in an encryption cipher, so that if one bit of the input (plaintext) is changed, every bit of the output (ciphertext) has an average of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4296490 | 121,587 |
Pacific Rim: Uprising The film made $2.35million from Thursday night previews, down from the original's $3.5million, and $10.4 million on its first day (including previews). It went on to debut to $28 million, becoming the first film to dethrone "Black Panther" (which made $16.7 million in its sixth week) for the top s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43696932 | 243,458 |
Multibody system The mechanism is used to transform rotational motion into translational motion by means of a rotating driving beam, a connection rod and a sliding body. In the present example, a flexible body is used for the connection rod. The sliding mass is not allowed to rotate and three revolute joints are used t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8967165 | 440,007 |
Minusheet perfusion culture system is used for advanced cell culture experiments in combination with adherent cells and to generate specialized tissues in combination with selected biomaterials, special tissue carriers and compatible perfusion culture containers. The technical development of the was driven by the idea ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33902476 | 179,006 |
Azo violet (4-(4-nitrophenylazo)resorcinol) (or p-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol) is an azo compound with the chemical formula CHNO. It is used commercially as a violet dye and experimentally as a pH indicator, appearing yellow below pH 11, and violet above pH 13. It also turns deep blue in the presence of magnesium salt in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23877002 | 20,275 |
IPS panel This also reduces contrast and brightness. Super-IPS was later introduced with better response times and colour reproduction. Towards the end of 2010 Samsung Electronics introduced Super PLS (Plane-to-Line Switching) with the intent of providing an alternative to the popular IPS technology which is primarily ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31064525 | 413,168 |
Chemical weapons in World War I It was from this that many of the 1918 casualties died, around the time of the Second World War, shortly before sulfa drugs became widely available for its treatment. A British nurse treating mustard gas cases recorded: A postmortem account from the British official medical history recor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=167578 | 36,371 |
Geotechnical centrifuge modeling The centrifuge may be useful for scale modeling of any large-scale nonlinear problem for which gravity is a primary driving force. Geotechnical materials such as soil and rock have non-linear mechanical properties that depend on the effective confining stress and stress history. The cen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34119149 | 220,420 |
Uninterruptible power supply The basic technology of the online UPS is the same as in a standby or line-interactive UPS. However it typically costs much more, due to it having a much greater current AC-to-DC battery-charger/rectifier, and with the rectifier and inverter designed to run continuously with improved coolin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41834 | 379,825 |
Off-budget enterprise Off-budget enterprises (OBEs, or special districts) are a type of government in the United States, the UK and the EU. OBEs use public funds to further public (as in education) or private (as in economic revitalization) interests. Regulated by various state and federal laws, they operate outside th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=159539 | 498,775 |
Pykrete It took slightly more than an entire summer to melt, but plain ice proved to be too weak. Pyke learned from a report by Herman Mark and his assistant that ice made from water mixed with wood fibres formed a strong solid mass—much stronger than pure water ice. Max Perutz later recalled: Perutz would later learn ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=340782 | 321,463 |
Algae scrubber The scrubbers were just starting to make headway into the aquarium hobby in the 1990s when Adey decided to withdraw his license and no longer allow anybody to make or sell them. He turned his attention instead to commercial and industrial applications, and entered private business making large scale scru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31215369 | 166,399 |
Max q The three Space Shuttle Main Engines were throttled back to about 60-70% of their rated thrust (depending on payload) as the dynamic pressure approached max q; combined with the propellant grain design of the solid rocket boosters, which reduced the thrust at max q by one third after 50 seconds of burn, the total... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3998660 | 41,794 |
Hate crime " The German Criminal Code does not have hate crime legislation, instead, it criminalizes hate speech under a number of different laws, including Volksverhetzung. In the German legal framework motivation is not taken into account while identifying the element of the offence. However, within the sentencing pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13547 | 160,690 |
Epimer In stereochemistry, an epimer is one of a pair of diastereomers. The two epimers have opposite configuration at only one stereogenic center out of at least two.. All other stereogenic center in the molecules are the same in each. Epimerization is the interconversion of one epimer to the other epimer. Doxorubicin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1059781 | 38,658 |
Genetically modified crops In 2014, the largest review yet concluded that GM crops' effects on farming were positive. The meta-analysis considered all published English-language examinations of the agronomic and economic impacts between 1995 and March 2014 for three major GM crops: soybean, maize, and cotton. The study... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2291204 | 3,382 |
Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe The was an international aeronautical speed competition instituted on 25 August 1909 by the French oil magnate Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe. The race was reinstated three times through the years at the initiative of the Aéro-Club de France, and later by Deutsch de la Meurthe's widow Suzanne. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47737924 | 468,429 |
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi In early of 1971, dr. Naeem Ahmad founded the Radiation Isotope Application Division (RIAD) at the Institute of Nuclear Science, where he called Qureshi to join the division under him. In December 1971, Qureshi was made director of the RIAD with support provided from dr. Naeem Ahmad. Soon after ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22701269 | 429,985 |
AI box Yudkowsky later said that he had tried it against three others and lost twice. Boxing such a hypothetical AI could be supplemented with other methods of shaping the AI's capabilities, such as providing incentives to the AI, stunting the AI's growth, or implementing "tripwires" that automatically shut the AI off ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31641770 | 127,843 |
Shiplap In interior design, shiplap is a style of wooden wall siding characterized by long planks, normally painted white, that are mounted horizontally with a slight gap between them in a manner that evokes exterior shiplap walls. A disadvantage of the style is that the gaps are prone to accumulating dust. Installing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4144898 | 366,269 |
Hubbert curve Using the curve, Hubbert modeled the rate of petroleum production for several regions, determined by the rate of new oil well discovery, and extrapolated a world production curve. The relative steepness of decline in this projection is the main concern in peak oil discussions. This is because a steep drop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=84652 | 507,236 |
Isothermal microcalorimetry The advantage of compensation mode is a smaller time constant – i.e. the time needed to detect a given heat flow pulse is ca.10X shorter than in conduction mode. The disadvantage is a ca. 10X smaller dynamic range compared to hc mode. For operation in either hc or pc mode, routine calibratio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35215882 | 64,276 |
Image segmentation Since the actual number of total labels is unknown (from a training data set), a hidden estimate of the number of labels given by the user is utilized in computations. where formula_34 is the set of all possible features. The watershed transformation considers the gradient magnitude of an image as a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=505717 | 418,224 |
Fly ash impoundment or landfill size) that would compel an operator to demonstrate minimal environmental impact so that a site could remain in operation. On December 2, 2019 EPA published another proposed rule that would establish an August 31, 2020 deadline for facilities to stop placing ash in unlined impoundments. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1331549 | 249,408 |
Anomaly-based intrusion detection system An anomaly-based intrusion detection system, is an intrusion detection system for detecting both network and computer intrusions and misuse by monitoring system activity and classifying it as either "normal" or "anomalous". The classification is based on heuristics or rules, rat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1199510 | 100,915 |
Planned obsolescence In 1960, cultural critic Vance Packard published "The Waste Makers", promoted as an exposé of "the systematic attempt of business to make us wasteful, debt-ridden, permanently discontented individuals". Packard divided planned obsolescence into two sub categories: "Obsolescence of desirability", a.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=497852 | 270,641 |
Bioavailability There is no regulatory requirement to define the intravenous pharmacokinetics or absolute bioavailability however regulatory authorities do sometimes ask for absolute bioavailability information of the extravascular route in cases in which the bioavailability is apparently low or variable and there is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=769021 | 5,688 |
John Alexander Simpson (November 3, 1916 – August 31, 2000) was an American physicist and science educator. He was deeply committed to educating the public and political leaders about science and its implications, most notably as a principal founder of the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" and a long-time member of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25669211 | 243,818 |
N50, L50, and related statistics In computational biology, N50 and L50 are statistics of a set of contig or scaffold lengths. The "N50" is similar to a mean or median of lengths, but has greater weight given to the longer contigs. It is used widely in genome assembly, especially in reference to contig lengths within a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26995871 | 177,336 |
Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling As the signals are audible tones in the voice frequency range, they can be transmitted through electrical repeaters and amplifiers, and over radio and microwave links, thus eliminating the need for intermediate operators on long-distance circuits. AT&T described the product as "a met... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8488 | 395,444 |
Fasting For Catholics, fasting, taken as a technical term, is the reduction of one's intake of food to one full meal (which may not contain meat on Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, and Fridays throughout the entire year unless a solemnity should fall on Friday) and two small meals (known liturgically as collations, taken in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=187886 | 182,139 |
Maison française d'Oxford To that end, the MFO collaborates with several French research institutions and universities whose students spend periods of one month to an academic year there. The MFO hosts a team of senior researchers from the INSHS who conduct their own research at the University of Oxford but, more impor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28776232 | 353,026 |
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