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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lordships_of_Parliament', 'title': 'List of lordships of Parliament', 'header': ['Title', 'Date of creation', 'Surname', 'Current status', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Lord Elphinstone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Elphinstone', 'summary': 'Lord Elphinstone is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created by King James IV in 1510 .'}]}, {'value': '1510', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elphinstone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Ochiltree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Ochiltree', 'summary': 'Lord Ochiltree ( or Ochiltrie ) of Lord Stuart of Ochiltree was a title in the Peerage of Scotland . In 1542 Andrew Stewart , 2nd Lord Avondale ( see the Earl Castle Stewart for earlier history of the family ) exchanged the lordship of Avondale with Sir James Hamilton for the lordship of Ochiltrie and by Act of Parliament was ordained to be styled Lord Stuart of Ochiltrie . His great-grandson , the third Lord Stuart of Ochiltrie , resigned the feudal barony of Ochiltree and the peerage to his cousin , Sir James Stuart , with the consent of the Crown in 1615 . In 1619 he was instead elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Castle Stewart ; see the Earl Castle Stewart for further history of this branch of the family ) . Sir James Stuart now became the first or fourth Lord Ochiltrie ( or Lord Stuart of Ochiltrie ) . He was succeeded by his son William , the second or sixth Lord . On his early death in 1675 the lordship became either dormant or extinct . A branch of the Ochiltree family is introduced at the Swedish House of Lords ( Riddarhuset ) under the name Stuart . Hans ( Johannes ) Stuart ( d. 1618 ) obtained a letter of descent in Edinburgh in 1579 and a letter of arms at Holyrood Castle in Edinburgh from King James VI of Scotland in 1585 . Ohily'}]}, {'value': '1543', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stewart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1675', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Abernethy and Strathearn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Abernethy_and_Strathearn', 'summary': 'The title Earl of Moray ( Murray ) has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland . It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century , when James Stewart , illegitimate son of James V , was granted the title . Prior to the formal establishment of the peerage , numerous individuals ruled the kingdom of Moray as Mormaer of Moray until 1130 when the kingdom was suppressed by David I of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '1562', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stewart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Earl of Moray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Moray', 'summary': 'The title Earl of Moray ( Murray ) has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland . It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century , when James Stewart , illegitimate son of James V , was granted the title . Prior to the formal establishment of the peerage , numerous individuals ruled the kingdom of Moray as Mormaer of Moray until 1130 when the kingdom was suppressed by David I of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Torphichen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Torphichen', 'summary': "Lord Torphichen or Baron Torphichen is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created by Queen Mary in 1564 for Sir James Sandilands ( to whom she was related ) , with remainder to his heirs and assigns whatsoever . The first Baron Sandilands had previously served as Preceptor of the Order of St John of Jerusalem , of Rhodes , and of Malta in Scotland , and took the title from the Torphichen Preceptory in West Lothian . He was succeeded by his great-nephew James Sandilands ( who was also the current feudal baron of Calder ) . Thereafter the Lordship of Parliament of Torphichen and the Feudal Barony of Calder were conjoined , and all later lords were descended from the second Lord Torphichen . His great-grandson , the seventh Lord , was a strong supporter of the union with England . His grandson , the ninth Lord , and great-great-grandson , the 12th Lord , sat in the House of Lords as Scottish Representative Peers . As of 2017 [ update ] , the title is held by the latter 's great-grandson , the 15th Lord , who succeeded his father in 1975 . He is Chief of Clan Sandilands and also holds the feudal title of Baron of Calder , granted in 1386 . Torphichen , is pronounced 'Tor-fikken ' . The family seat is Calder House , near Mid Calder , West Lothian ."}]}, {'value': '1564', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandilands', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Ardmannoch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Ardmannoch', 'summary': 'The Earl or Mormaer of Ross was the ruler of the province of Ross in northern Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '1565', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stewart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'merged in the Crown 1567', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Duke of Albany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Albany', 'summary': 'Duke of Albany was a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the younger sons in the Scottish and later the British royal family , particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Windsor .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Darnley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Darnley', 'summary': "Lord Darnley is a noble title associated with a Scottish Lordship of Parliament , first created in 1356 for the family of Stewart of Darnley and tracing a descent to the Dukedom of Richmond in England . The title 's name refers to Darnley in Scotland . Outside the Peerage of Scotland , another Earldom of Darnley was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1729 ."}]}, {'value': '1572', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1576', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Earl of Lennox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the district of the Lennox in western Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Darnley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Darnley', 'summary': "Lord Darnley is a noble title associated with a Scottish Lordship of Parliament , first created in 1356 for the family of Stewart of Darnley and tracing a descent to the Dukedom of Richmond in England . The title 's name refers to Darnley in Scotland . Outside the Peerage of Scotland , another Earldom of Darnley was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1729 ."}]}, {'value': '1578', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'resigned 1580', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Earl of Lennox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the district of the Lennox in western Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Darnley , Aubigny and Dalkeith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Darnley,_Aubigny_and_Dalkeith', 'summary': 'The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the district of the Lennox in western Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '1580', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1672', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Earl of Lennox , created Duke of Lennox in 1581', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the district of the Lennox in western Scotland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland , for Clan Stewart of Darnley . The Dukedom , named for the district of Lennox in Stirling , was first created in 1581 , and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox . The second Duke was made Duke of Richmond ; at his death , the dukedom of Richmond became extinct . The fourth Duke of Lennox was also created Duke of Richmond ; at the death of the sixth Duke , both the dukedoms became extinct . The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox , an illegitimate son of Charles II . The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876 . Thus , the Duke holds four dukedoms ( including Aubigny-sur-Nère ) , more than any other person in the realm .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Dunbar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Dunbar', 'summary': "Earl of March is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England . The title derived from the marches or borderlands between England and either Wales ( Welsh Marches ) or Scotland ( Scottish Marches ) , and it was held by several great feudal families which owned lands in those districts . Later , however , the title came to be granted as an honorary dignity , and ceased to carry any associated power in the marches . The Scottish earldom is extant in its own right , and it is held by James Charteris , 13th Earl of Wemyss and 9th Earl of March . The English earldom is today the main non-ducal subsidiary title of the Duke of Richmond . The current duke 's eldest son , named Charles like his father , enjoys it as a courtesy title ."}]}, {'value': '1580', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1586', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Earl of March', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_March', 'summary': "Earl of March is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England . The title derived from the marches or borderlands between England and either Wales ( Welsh Marches ) or Scotland ( Scottish Marches ) , and it was held by several great feudal families which owned lands in those districts . Later , however , the title came to be granted as an honorary dignity , and ceased to carry any associated power in the marches . The Scottish earldom is extant in its own right , and it is held by James Charteris , 13th Earl of Wemyss and 9th Earl of March . The English earldom is today the main non-ducal subsidiary title of the Duke of Richmond . The current duke 's eldest son , named Charles like his father , enjoys it as a courtesy title ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Aubigny , Dalkeith , Torboltoun and Aberdour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Aubigny,_Dalkeith,_Torboltoun_and_Aberdour', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland , for Clan Stewart of Darnley . The Dukedom , named for the district of Lennox in Stirling , was first created in 1581 , and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox . The second Duke was made Duke of Richmond ; at his death , the dukedom of Richmond became extinct . The fourth Duke of Lennox was also created Duke of Richmond ; at the death of the sixth Duke , both the dukedoms became extinct . The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox , an illegitimate son of Charles II . The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876 . Thus , the Duke holds four dukedoms ( including Aubigny-sur-Nère ) , more than any other person in the realm .'}]}, {'value': '1581', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1672', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Duke of Lennox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland , for Clan Stewart of Darnley . The Dukedom , named for the district of Lennox in Stirling , was first created in 1581 , and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox . The second Duke was made Duke of Richmond ; at his death , the dukedom of Richmond became extinct . The fourth Duke of Lennox was also created Duke of Richmond ; at the death of the sixth Duke , both the dukedoms became extinct . The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox , an illegitimate son of Charles II . The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876 . Thus , the Duke holds four dukedoms ( including Aubigny-sur-Nère ) , more than any other person in the realm .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Doune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Doune', 'summary': 'The title Earl of Moray ( Murray ) has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland . It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century , when James Stewart , illegitimate son of James V , was granted the title . Prior to the formal establishment of the peerage , numerous individuals ruled the kingdom of Moray as Mormaer of Moray until 1130 when the kingdom was suppressed by David I of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '1581', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stewart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'also Earl of Moray since 1590', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Moray', 'summary': 'The title Earl of Moray ( Murray ) has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland . It has been held by Clan Stewart since the 16th century , when James Stewart , illegitimate son of James V , was granted the title . Prior to the formal establishment of the peerage , numerous individuals ruled the kingdom of Moray as Mormaer of Moray until 1130 when the kingdom was suppressed by David I of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Dingwall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Dingwall', 'summary': "Lord Dingwall is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1584 for Andrew Keith , and in 1609 for Sir Richard Preston , with remainder to his heirs whatsoever . In 1619 he was further honoured when he was made Baron Dunmore and Earl of Desmond in the Peerage of Ireland , with remainder to heirs male . On his death in 1628 the Irish titles became extinct while he was succeeded in the Scottish lordship by his daughter Elizabeth , the second Lady Dingwall . She was the wife of James Butler , 1st Duke of Ormonde . Their eldest son Thomas Butler , Earl of Ossory , was summoned by writ to the English Parliament as Baron Butler , of Moore Park , in 1666 . However , he predeceased his parents who were both succeeded by their grandson , the second Duke and third Lord Dingwall . He had already succeeded his father as second Baron Butler . However , the Duke was attainted in 1715 and his titles forfeited . In 1871 , Francis Cowper , 7th Earl Cowper , managed to obtain a reversal of the attainder of the lordship of Dingwall and barony of Butler and became the fourth Lord Dingwall and third Baron Butler . He was the great-great-great-grandson of Henrietta d'Auverquerque , Countess of Grantham ( wife of Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque , 1st Earl of Grantham ) , second daughter of Thomas Butler , Earl of Ossory and 1st Baron Butler , whose second daughter Lady Henrietta de Nassau d'Auverquerque married William Clavering-Cowper , 2nd Earl Cowper . In 1880 he also succeeded his mother as eighth Baron Lucas of Crudwell ."}]}, {'value': '1584', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Paisley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Paisley', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Abercorn ( /ˈævərkɔːrn/ ) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton , 2nd Marquess of Abercorn . Although the Dukedom is in the Peerage of Ireland , it refers to Abercorn , West Lothian , and the Duke also bears four titles in Peerage of Scotland and two in the Peerage of Great Britain , and is one of only three peers who have titles in those three peerages . The Duke of Abercorn also claims the French title of Duke of Châtellerault , created in 1548 .'}]}, {'value': '29 July 1587', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamilton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'also Earl of Abercorn since 1621 , created Marquess of Abercorn in Great Britain in 1790 and Duke of Abercorn in Ireland in 1868', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Abercorn', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Abercorn ( /ˈævərkɔːrn/ ) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton , 2nd Marquess of Abercorn . Although the Dukedom is in the Peerage of Ireland , it refers to Abercorn , West Lothian , and the Duke also bears four titles in Peerage of Scotland and two in the Peerage of Great Britain , and is one of only three peers who have titles in those three peerages . The Duke of Abercorn also claims the French title of Duke of Châtellerault , created in 1548 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marquess_of_Abercorn', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Abercorn ( /ˈævərkɔːrn/ ) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton , 2nd Marquess of Abercorn . Although the Dukedom is in the Peerage of Ireland , it refers to Abercorn , West Lothian , and the Duke also bears four titles in Peerage of Scotland and two in the Peerage of Great Britain , and is one of only three peers who have titles in those three peerages . The Duke of Abercorn also claims the French title of Duke of Châtellerault , created in 1548 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain', 'summary': 'The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Acts of Union 1707 but before the Acts of Union 1800 . It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland , but was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801 . The ranks of the Peerage of Great Britain are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount and Baron . Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , all Peers of Great Britain could sit in the House of Lords . In the following table of peers of Great Britain , holders of higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed . Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . Some peerages of Great Britain were created for peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland as they did not have an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the Peerage Act 1963 which gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Abercorn', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Abercorn ( /ˈævərkɔːrn/ ) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton , 2nd Marquess of Abercorn . Although the Dukedom is in the Peerage of Ireland , it refers to Abercorn , West Lothian , and the Duke also bears four titles in Peerage of Scotland and two in the Peerage of Great Britain , and is one of only three peers who have titles in those three peerages . The Duke of Abercorn also claims the French title of Duke of Châtellerault , created in 1548 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland', 'summary': 'The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as lord or king of Ireland , or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . [ note 1 ] The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century . The ranks of the Irish peerage are duke , marquess , earl , viscount and baron . As of 2016 , there were 135 titles in the Peerage of Ireland extant : two dukedoms , ten marquessates , 43 earldoms , 28 viscountcies , and 52 baronies . The Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland continues to exercise jurisdiction over the Peerage of Ireland , including those peers whose titles derive from places located in what is now the Republic of Ireland . Article 40.2 of the Irish Constitution forbids the state conferring titles of nobility and a citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honour except with the prior approval of the Government . As stated above , this issue does not arise in respect of the Peerage of Ireland , as no creations of titles in it have been made since the Constitution came into force . In the following table , each peer is listed only by his or her highest Irish title , showing higher or equal titles in the other peerages . Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Altrie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Altrie', 'summary': 'Lord Altrie is a title in the Peerage of Scotland that was created on 29 July 1587 for Robert Keith . On his death , about 1593 , it was inherited by his nephew George Keith , 5th Earl Marischal , and remained united with that title , until its forfeiture in 1715 by George Keith , 10th Earl Marischal .'}]}, {'value': '29 July 1587', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'forfeit 1715', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'also Earl Marischal by 1596', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_Marischal', 'summary': "The title of Earl Marischal was created in the peerage of Scotland for William Keith , the Great Marischal of Scotland . The office of Marischal of Scotland ( or Marascallus Scotie ) had been hereditary , held by the senior member of the Keith family , since Hervey ( Herveus ) de Keith , who held the office of Marischal under Malcolm IV and William I . The descendant of Herveus , Sir Robert de Keith ( d.1332 ) , was confirmed in the office of Great Marischal of Scotland by King Robert the Bruce around 1324 . Robert de Keith 's great-grandson , William , was raised to the peerage as Earl Marischal by James II in about 1458 . The peerage died out when George Keith , the 9th earl , forfeited it by joining the Jacobite Rising of 1715 . The role of the Marischal was to serve as custodian of the Royal Regalia of Scotland , and to protect the king 's person when attending parliament . The former duty was fulfilled by the 7th earl during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , who hid them at Dunnottar Castle . The role of regulation of heraldry carried out by the English Earl Marshal is carried out in Scotland by the Lord Lyon King of Arms . The separate office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of King Charles I in 1633 . The office is not heritable , although it has been held by members of the Keith family . The title was forfeited in 1715 , due to the last earl 's participation in the Jacobite rising ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Spynie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Spynie', 'summary': 'Lord Spynie is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created on 4 November 1590 for Sir Alexander Lindsay , younger son of David Lindsay , 10th Earl of Crawford . The title became dormant on the death of the third Lord in 1671 . ( See Earl of Crawford for earlier history of the family ) .'}]}, {'value': '1590', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindsay', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1671', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Maitland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Maitland', 'summary': "Earl of Lauderdale is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current holder of the title is Ian Maitland , 18th Earl of Lauderdale . The title was created in 1624 for John Maitland , 2nd Lord Maitland of Thirlestane , Berwickshire . The second Earl was created Duke of Lauderdale and by popular naming represented the L in the Cabal ministry an acronym which amounted to the first major , perennial delegation of power from the monarch to a cabinet . He died without male issue when the dukedom became extinct . The earldom passed to his brother Charles , 3rd Earl . Charles married , in 1652 , Elizabeth , daughter of Richard Lauder of Haltoun and by this marriage came into that family 's great estates . Other titles associated with the earldom are : Viscount of Lauderdale ( created 1616 ) , Viscount of Maitland ( 1624 ) , Lord Maitland of Thirlestane ( 1590 ) and Lord Thirlestane and Boulton ( 1624 ) . All of these titles are in the Peerage of Scotland . The Earl of Lauderdale is the hereditary chief of Clan Maitland . The eldest son is the Master of Lauderdale . The title Viscount Maitland is sometimes used as a courtesy title for the Earl 's eldest son and heir ."}]}, {'value': '1590', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maitland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'created Viscount Lauderdale in 1616 , Earl of Lauderdale in 1624 and Duke of Lauderdale in 1672 , which title extinct 1682', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viscount_Lauderdale', 'summary': "Earl of Lauderdale is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current holder of the title is Ian Maitland , 18th Earl of Lauderdale . The title was created in 1624 for John Maitland , 2nd Lord Maitland of Thirlestane , Berwickshire . The second Earl was created Duke of Lauderdale and by popular naming represented the L in the Cabal ministry an acronym which amounted to the first major , perennial delegation of power from the monarch to a cabinet . He died without male issue when the dukedom became extinct . The earldom passed to his brother Charles , 3rd Earl . Charles married , in 1652 , Elizabeth , daughter of Richard Lauder of Haltoun and by this marriage came into that family 's great estates . Other titles associated with the earldom are : Viscount of Lauderdale ( created 1616 ) , Viscount of Maitland ( 1624 ) , Lord Maitland of Thirlestane ( 1590 ) and Lord Thirlestane and Boulton ( 1624 ) . All of these titles are in the Peerage of Scotland . The Earl of Lauderdale is the hereditary chief of Clan Maitland . The eldest son is the Master of Lauderdale . The title Viscount Maitland is sometimes used as a courtesy title for the Earl 's eldest son and heir ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Lauderdale', 'summary': "Earl of Lauderdale is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current holder of the title is Ian Maitland , 18th Earl of Lauderdale . The title was created in 1624 for John Maitland , 2nd Lord Maitland of Thirlestane , Berwickshire . The second Earl was created Duke of Lauderdale and by popular naming represented the L in the Cabal ministry an acronym which amounted to the first major , perennial delegation of power from the monarch to a cabinet . He died without male issue when the dukedom became extinct . The earldom passed to his brother Charles , 3rd Earl . Charles married , in 1652 , Elizabeth , daughter of Richard Lauder of Haltoun and by this marriage came into that family 's great estates . Other titles associated with the earldom are : Viscount of Lauderdale ( created 1616 ) , Viscount of Maitland ( 1624 ) , Lord Maitland of Thirlestane ( 1590 ) and Lord Thirlestane and Boulton ( 1624 ) . All of these titles are in the Peerage of Scotland . The Earl of Lauderdale is the hereditary chief of Clan Maitland . The eldest son is the Master of Lauderdale . The title Viscount Maitland is sometimes used as a courtesy title for the Earl 's eldest son and heir ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Lauderdale', 'summary': "Earl of Lauderdale is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . The current holder of the title is Ian Maitland , 18th Earl of Lauderdale . The title was created in 1624 for John Maitland , 2nd Lord Maitland of Thirlestane , Berwickshire . The second Earl was created Duke of Lauderdale and by popular naming represented the L in the Cabal ministry an acronym which amounted to the first major , perennial delegation of power from the monarch to a cabinet . He died without male issue when the dukedom became extinct . The earldom passed to his brother Charles , 3rd Earl . Charles married , in 1652 , Elizabeth , daughter of Richard Lauder of Haltoun and by this marriage came into that family 's great estates . Other titles associated with the earldom are : Viscount of Lauderdale ( created 1616 ) , Viscount of Maitland ( 1624 ) , Lord Maitland of Thirlestane ( 1590 ) and Lord Thirlestane and Boulton ( 1624 ) . All of these titles are in the Peerage of Scotland . The Earl of Lauderdale is the hereditary chief of Clan Maitland . The eldest son is the Master of Lauderdale . The title Viscount Maitland is sometimes used as a courtesy title for the Earl 's eldest son and heir ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Aven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Aven', 'summary': "Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland , created in 1643 . It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage ( except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign 's eldest son ) , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland , as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas . The title , the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire , and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family . The Ducal family 's surname , originally Hamilton , is now Douglas-Hamilton . Since 1711 , the Dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain , and the Dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon , along with several other subsidiary titles ."}]}, {'value': '1591', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamilton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extinct 1651', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Marquess of Hamilton , created Duke of Hamilton in 1643', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Hamilton', 'summary': "Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland , created in 1643 . It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage ( except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign 's eldest son ) , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland , as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas . The title , the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire , and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family . The Ducal family 's surname , originally Hamilton , is now Douglas-Hamilton . Since 1711 , the Dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain , and the Dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon , along with several other subsidiary titles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Hamilton', 'summary': "Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland , created in 1643 . It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage ( except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign 's eldest son ) , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland , as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas . The title , the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire , and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family . The Ducal family 's surname , originally Hamilton , is now Douglas-Hamilton . Since 1711 , the Dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain , and the Dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon , along with several other subsidiary titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Newbottle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Newbottle', 'summary': "Marquess of Lothian is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1701 for Robert Kerr , 4th Earl of Lothian . The Marquess of Lothian holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Lothian ( created 1606 ) , Earl of Lothian ( created again 1631 ) , Earl of Ancram ( 1633 ) , Earl of Ancram ( created again 1701 ) , Viscount of Briene ( 1701 ) , Lord Newbattle ( 1591 ) , Lord Jedburgh ( 1622 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle ( 1631 ) , Lord Kerr of Nisbet , Langnewtoun , and Dolphinstoun ( 1633 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle , Oxnam , Jedburgh , Dolphinstoun and Nisbet ( 1701 ) , and Baron Ker , of Kersheugh in the County of Roxburgh ( 1821 ) , all but the last in the Peerage of Scotland . As The Lord Ker in the Peerage of the United Kingdom , previous Marquesses sat in the House of Lords before 1963 , when Scottish peers first sat in the House of Lords in their own right . The holder of the title is also the Chief of Clan Kerr . The current Marquess of Lothian , the 13th , is better known as the Conservative politician Michael Ancram . He received a life peerage in November 2010 as Baron Kerr of Monteviot and so became entitled to sit in the House of Lords . He lives at Monteviot House . The family also owned a larger Scottish seat , Newbattle Abbey , which is now a college , and also Blickling Hall in Norfolk , which belongs to the National Trust . The heir presumptive to the marquessate is the 13th Marquess ' younger brother Lord Ralph Kerr , who owns Ferniehirst Castle , Jedburgh , Roxburghshire , which is the family seat that was restored by the 12th Marquess , and Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire ."}]}, {'value': '1591', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'also Earl of Lothian since 1631 , created Marquess of Lothian in 1701', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marquess_of_Lothian', 'summary': "Marquess of Lothian is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1701 for Robert Kerr , 4th Earl of Lothian . The Marquess of Lothian holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Lothian ( created 1606 ) , Earl of Lothian ( created again 1631 ) , Earl of Ancram ( 1633 ) , Earl of Ancram ( created again 1701 ) , Viscount of Briene ( 1701 ) , Lord Newbattle ( 1591 ) , Lord Jedburgh ( 1622 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle ( 1631 ) , Lord Kerr of Nisbet , Langnewtoun , and Dolphinstoun ( 1633 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle , Oxnam , Jedburgh , Dolphinstoun and Nisbet ( 1701 ) , and Baron Ker , of Kersheugh in the County of Roxburgh ( 1821 ) , all but the last in the Peerage of Scotland . As The Lord Ker in the Peerage of the United Kingdom , previous Marquesses sat in the House of Lords before 1963 , when Scottish peers first sat in the House of Lords in their own right . The holder of the title is also the Chief of Clan Kerr . The current Marquess of Lothian , the 13th , is better known as the Conservative politician Michael Ancram . He received a life peerage in November 2010 as Baron Kerr of Monteviot and so became entitled to sit in the House of Lords . He lives at Monteviot House . The family also owned a larger Scottish seat , Newbattle Abbey , which is now a college , and also Blickling Hall in Norfolk , which belongs to the National Trust . The heir presumptive to the marquessate is the 13th Marquess ' younger brother Lord Ralph Kerr , who owns Ferniehirst Castle , Jedburgh , Roxburghshire , which is the family seat that was restored by the 12th Marquess , and Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marquess_of_Lothian', 'summary': "Marquess of Lothian is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1701 for Robert Kerr , 4th Earl of Lothian . The Marquess of Lothian holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Lothian ( created 1606 ) , Earl of Lothian ( created again 1631 ) , Earl of Ancram ( 1633 ) , Earl of Ancram ( created again 1701 ) , Viscount of Briene ( 1701 ) , Lord Newbattle ( 1591 ) , Lord Jedburgh ( 1622 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle ( 1631 ) , Lord Kerr of Nisbet , Langnewtoun , and Dolphinstoun ( 1633 ) , Lord Kerr of Newbattle , Oxnam , Jedburgh , Dolphinstoun and Nisbet ( 1701 ) , and Baron Ker , of Kersheugh in the County of Roxburgh ( 1821 ) , all but the last in the Peerage of Scotland . As The Lord Ker in the Peerage of the United Kingdom , previous Marquesses sat in the House of Lords before 1963 , when Scottish peers first sat in the House of Lords in their own right . The holder of the title is also the Chief of Clan Kerr . The current Marquess of Lothian , the 13th , is better known as the Conservative politician Michael Ancram . He received a life peerage in November 2010 as Baron Kerr of Monteviot and so became entitled to sit in the House of Lords . He lives at Monteviot House . The family also owned a larger Scottish seat , Newbattle Abbey , which is now a college , and also Blickling Hall in Norfolk , which belongs to the National Trust . The heir presumptive to the marquessate is the 13th Marquess ' younger brother Lord Ralph Kerr , who owns Ferniehirst Castle , Jedburgh , Roxburghshire , which is the family seat that was restored by the 12th Marquess , and Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Fyvie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Fyvie', 'summary': 'Earl of Dunfermline was a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1605 for Alexander Seton , 1st Lord Fyvie , fourth son of George Seton , 7th Lord Seton ( see Earl of Winton for earlier history of the family ) . Seton had already been created Lord Fyvie in the Peerage of Scotland , in 1598 , with remainder to his elder brother , John Seton . He was succeeded by his son , the second Earl . He was Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland between 1661 and 1672 . His younger son , the fourth Earl ( who succeeded his childless elder brother ) , was a supporter of the deposed James II and had his titles forfeited by parliament in 1690 . He died in France in 1694 when the male line of the first Earl died out .'}]}, {'value': '1598', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'forfeit 1690', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'created Earl of Dunfermline in 1605', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Dunfermline', 'summary': 'Earl of Dunfermline was a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1605 for Alexander Seton , 1st Lord Fyvie , fourth son of George Seton , 7th Lord Seton ( see Earl of Winton for earlier history of the family ) . Seton had already been created Lord Fyvie in the Peerage of Scotland , in 1598 , with remainder to his elder brother , John Seton . He was succeeded by his son , the second Earl . He was Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland between 1661 and 1672 . His younger son , the fourth Earl ( who succeeded his childless elder brother ) , was a supporter of the deposed James II and had his titles forfeited by parliament in 1690 . He died in France in 1694 when the male line of the first Earl died out .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Gordon of Badenoch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lord_Gordon_of_Badenoch', 'summary': 'Marquess of Huntly ( traditionally spelt Marquis in Scotland ) ( Scottish Gaelic : Coileach Strath Bhalgaidh ) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created on 17 April 1599 for George Gordon , 6th Earl of Huntly . It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland , and the second-oldest in the British Isles , only the English marquessate of Winchester being older . The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles : Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne ( 1660 ; Peerage of Scotland ) , and Baron Meldrum , of Morven in the County of Aberdeen ( 1815 ; Peerage of the United Kingdom )'}]}, {'value': '1599', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'extant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'subsidiary title of the Marquess of Huntly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marquess_of_Huntly', 'summary': 'Marquess of Huntly ( traditionally spelt Marquis in Scotland ) ( Scottish Gaelic : Coileach Strath Bhalgaidh ) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created on 17 April 1599 for George Gordon , 6th Earl of Huntly . It is the oldest existing marquessate in Scotland , and the second-oldest in the British Isles , only the English marquessate of Winchester being older . The Marquess holds the following subsidiary titles : Lord Gordon of Strathaven and Glenlivet and Earl of Aboyne ( 1660 ; Peerage of Scotland ) , and Baron Meldrum , of Morven in the County of Aberdeen ( 1815 ; Peerage of the United Kingdom )'}]}], 'section_title': 'Lordships of Parliament , 1233–1707 -- 1501–1600', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Lordships_of_Parliament_3', 'intro': 'This page, one list of hereditary baronies, lists all lords of Parliament, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the Peerage of Scotland. For feudal barons (mainly Scottish), see List of feudal baronies.'}
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King James IV created a title in what year ?
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1510
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028e31d65f9271e9
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_at_the_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'title': 'Cuba at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships', 'header': ['Medal', 'Championship', 'Name', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003 Stuttgart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2003 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling . They took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle in Stuttgart , Germany from July 30 to August 3 , 2003 . The championships were due to be held in Shenzhen , China , but were moved to Stuttgart following the 2003 SARS outbreak in China . One of Germany 's best chances of earning a gold medal was the men 's team pursuit , having broken the four-minute barrier at the 2000 Olympics . However , Erfurt coach Jens Lang and his cyclist Jens Lehmann disagreed with the national team selection , and threatened with not competing with Berlin riders Robert Bartko and Guido Fulst . As a result , the German federation decided to withdraw from the team pursuit event , and later decided to suspend the Erfurt riders from the national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Yoanka González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoanka_González', 'summary': 'Yoanka González Pérez ( born 9 January 1976 in Villa Clara ) is a Cuban racing cyclist , competing in both road cycling and track cycling . She was the 2004 scratch cycling world champion . She is also married to cyclist Pedro Pablo Pérez .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's points race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2003_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_points_race", 'summary': "The Women 's Points Race was one of the 6 women 's events at the 2003 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Stuttgart , Germany . Twenty cyclists from 20 countries participated in the race . Because of the number of entries , there were no qualification rounds for this discipline . Consequently , the event was run direct to the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2004 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling . They took place in Melbourne , Australia from 26 May to 30 May 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yoanka González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoanka_González', 'summary': 'Yoanka González Pérez ( born 9 January 1976 in Villa Clara ) is a Cuban racing cyclist , competing in both road cycling and track cycling . She was the 2004 scratch cycling world champion . She is also married to cyclist Pedro Pablo Pérez .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's scratch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2004_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_scratch", 'summary': "The Women 's Scratch was one of the 6 women 's events at the 2004 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Melbourne , Australia . 18 Cyclists from 17 countries participated in the contest . Because of the number of entries , there were no qualification rounds for this discipline . Consequently , the event was run direct to the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 Bordeaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2006 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling . They took place in Bordeaux , France from April 13 to April 16 , 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lisandra Guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisandra_Guerra', 'summary': 'Lisandra Guerra Rodriguez ( born 31 October 1987 , Matanzas ) is a Cuban racing cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 500 m time trial", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2006_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_500_m_time_trial", 'summary': "The Women 's 500m Time Trial was one of the 6 women 's events at the 2006 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Bordeaux , France . 17 Cyclists from 13 countries participated in the contest . The Final was held on April 13 at 18:35 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 Palma de Mallorca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships is the World Championship for track cycling . It took place in Palma de Mallorca , Spain from March 29 , 2007 to April 1 , 2007 . The event was dominated by the Great Britain team who topped the medals table , winning seven of the seventeen gold medals on offer . The 2007 programme comprised 17 events , including the 10 Olympic events , and was also the first time that the multi-disciplinary Omnium - a cycling equivalent to the athletics pentathlon consisting of 5 events - was contested .'}]}, {'value': 'Yumari González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumari_González', 'summary': "Yumari González Valdivieso ( born June 13 , 1979 in Sancti Spiritus , Cuba ) is a Cuban professional road and track cyclist . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's scratch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2007_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_scratch", 'summary': "The Women 's Scratch is one of the 7 women 's events at the 2007 UCI Track World Championship , held in Palma de Mallorca , Spain . 20 Cyclists from 20 countries participated in the contest . Because of the number of entries , there were no qualification rounds for this discipline . Consequently , the event was run direct to the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 Palma de Mallorca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships is the World Championship for track cycling . It took place in Palma de Mallorca , Spain from March 29 , 2007 to April 1 , 2007 . The event was dominated by the Great Britain team who topped the medals table , winning seven of the seventeen gold medals on offer . The 2007 programme comprised 17 events , including the 10 Olympic events , and was also the first time that the multi-disciplinary Omnium - a cycling equivalent to the athletics pentathlon consisting of 5 events - was contested .'}]}, {'value': 'Lisandra Guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisandra_Guerra', 'summary': 'Lisandra Guerra Rodriguez ( born 31 October 1987 , Matanzas ) is a Cuban racing cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 500 m time trial", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2007_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_500_m_time_trial", 'summary': "The Women 's 500m Time Trial is one of the 7 women 's events at the 2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Palma de Mallorca , Spain . 21 Cyclists from 15 countries participated in the contest . The Final was held on March 31 , at 17:15 ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling . They took place at the Manchester Velodrome in Manchester , United Kingdom from 26 to 30 March 2008 . Eighteen events were scheduled ; the women 's team pursuit being the only addition from the 2007 championships . As in 2007 , the domination of the Great Britain team was clear . Breaking three world records en route , they won eleven medals in total . Indeed , half of the eighteen gold medals on offer were won by the British team ."}]}, {'value': 'Yumari González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumari_González', 'summary': "Yumari González Valdivieso ( born June 13 , 1979 in Sancti Spiritus , Cuba ) is a Cuban professional road and track cyclist . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's scratch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_scratch", 'summary': "The 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships - Women 's scratch was the women 's scratch race at 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships . It was one of the eight women 's events , held at the Manchester Velodrome in Manchester , Great Britain on the fifth and final day of the Championships on 30 March 2008 . It was the seventh women 's scatch race appearance at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships . 21 women from 21 countries participated in the race . After several attacks that did not come to anything Ellen van Dijk of the Netherlands struck out alone with less than eight laps to go . No one else reacted and she rode solo to the finish . The sprint of the peloton behind Van Dijk was won by Yumari González of Cuba who took the silver medal with Belinda Goss from Australia taking bronze ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling . They took place at the Manchester Velodrome in Manchester , United Kingdom from 26 to 30 March 2008 . Eighteen events were scheduled ; the women 's team pursuit being the only addition from the 2007 championships . As in 2007 , the domination of the Great Britain team was clear . Breaking three world records en route , they won eleven medals in total . Indeed , half of the eighteen gold medals on offer were won by the British team ."}]}, {'value': 'Lisandra Guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisandra_Guerra', 'summary': 'Lisandra Guerra Rodriguez ( born 31 October 1987 , Matanzas ) is a Cuban racing cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 500 m time trial", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_500_m_time_trial", 'summary': "The Women 's 500 m time trial was one of the 8 women 's events at the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Manchester , United Kingdom . 16 cyclists from 12 countries participated in the contest . The final was held on March 26 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 Pruszków', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the World Championship for track cycling . They took place at the BGŻ Arena in Pruszków , Poland from 25 to 29 March 2009 . Nineteen events were on the programme , with the women 's omnium being added to the eighteen events contested at the 2008 championships . Australia topped the medal table with four gold medals , with France on second and Great Britain on third place . In the Men 's events , Michael Mørkøv and Alex Rasmussen , both of Denmark , and Grégory Baugé of France took home two gold medals while Australian Cameron Meyer took home a gold and two silver medals . For the women , Simona Krupeckaitė of Lithuania won three medals ; a gold and two bronzes . Victoria Pendleton and Elizabeth Armitstead of Great Britain won three medals each ; a gold , a silver , and a bronze with ."}]}, {'value': 'Yumari González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumari_González', 'summary': "Yumari González Valdivieso ( born June 13 , 1979 in Sancti Spiritus , Cuba ) is a Cuban professional road and track cyclist . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's scratch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_scratch", 'summary': "The Women 's Scratch was one of the 8 women 's events at the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Pruszków , Poland . 20 Cyclists from 20 different countries participated in the race . Because of the number of entries , there were no qualification rounds for this discipline . The competition consisted on 40 laps , making a total of 10 km and was run on 27 March 2009 . Ellen van Dijk could not cement her reputation as the 2008 World champion and it was the 2007 World champion and 2008 silver medalist Yumari González from Cuba who won the scratch race with Elizabeth Armitstead and Belinda Goss finishing in second and third position ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 Pruszków', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the World Championship for track cycling . They took place at the BGŻ Arena in Pruszków , Poland from 25 to 29 March 2009 . Nineteen events were on the programme , with the women 's omnium being added to the eighteen events contested at the 2008 championships . Australia topped the medal table with four gold medals , with France on second and Great Britain on third place . In the Men 's events , Michael Mørkøv and Alex Rasmussen , both of Denmark , and Grégory Baugé of France took home two gold medals while Australian Cameron Meyer took home a gold and two silver medals . For the women , Simona Krupeckaitė of Lithuania won three medals ; a gold and two bronzes . Victoria Pendleton and Elizabeth Armitstead of Great Britain won three medals each ; a gold , a silver , and a bronze with ."}]}, {'value': 'Yumari González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumari_González', 'summary': "Yumari González Valdivieso ( born June 13 , 1979 in Sancti Spiritus , Cuba ) is a Cuban professional road and track cyclist . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's points race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_points_race", 'summary': "The Women 's Points Race was one of the 9 women 's events at the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Pruszków , Poland 22 Cyclists from 22 countries participated in the contest . Because of the number of entries , there were no qualification rounds for this discipline . Consequently , the event was run direct to the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 Ballerup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championships for track cycling in 2010 . They took place at the Ballerup Super Arena in Ballerup , Denmark from 24 to 28 March 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yumari González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumari_González', 'summary': "Yumari González Valdivieso ( born June 13 , 1979 in Sancti Spiritus , Cuba ) is a Cuban professional road and track cyclist . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's scratch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_scratch", 'summary': "The Women 's Scratch was one of the 9 women 's events at the 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , held in Ballerup , Denmark on 26 March 2010 . 24 Cyclists participated in the contest . The competition consisted of 40 laps , making a total of 10 km ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 Minsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships', 'summary': "The 2013 UCI Track Cycling World Championships took place in Minsk , Belarus from 20 to 24 February 2013 in the Minsk-Arena . The Championships featured 19 events , the same as 2012 . Great Britain , with five gold medals ( four in Olympic events ) , and nine in total topped the medal table . Australia , Germany , France , the United States and Ireland all enjoyed a successful championships . Becky James of Great Britain , debuting at this level , won four medals , including two gold , in a single Championships , the first British cyclist to do so . Sarah Hammer of the United States also won two gold medals from two events , as did Stefan Bötticher of Germany and Michael Hepburn of Australia . Martyn Irvine of Ireland broke a 116-year wait for a male Irish track medal with silver in the individual pursuit , only to return an hour later to take Ireland 's first ever track gold medal in the Scratch race . Laura Trott suffered her first major senior track defeat , taking silver in the Omnium behind Hammer , but she retained for a third time her Team Pursuit title with Dani King and debutant and World Junior Road Time Trial champion Elinor Barker ."}]}, {'value': 'Lisandra Guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisandra_Guerra', 'summary': 'Lisandra Guerra Rodriguez ( born 31 October 1987 , Matanzas ) is a Cuban racing cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's keirin", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_–_Women's_keirin", 'summary': "The Women 's keirin at the 2013 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on February 24 . 17 athletes participated in the contest . After the 3 qualifying heats , the fastest two riders in each heat advanced to the second round . The riders that did not advance to the second round , raced in 2 repechage heats . The fastest 3 riders in each heat advanced to the second round along with the 6 that qualified before . The first 3 riders from each of the 2 Second Round heats advanced to the Final and the remaining riders raced a consolation 7-11 final ."}]}], 'section_title': 'List of medalists', 'section_text': 'This a list of Cuban medals won at the UCI Track World Championships . This list does not ( yet ) include the amateur disciplines and defunct disciplines .', 'uid': 'Cuba_at_the_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_0', 'intro': 'This page is an overview of Cuba at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships.'}
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In which event did a woman born in Sancti Spiritus win her last medal ?
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Women 's scratch
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029070c1309ee9a3
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships', 'title': '1984 World Junior Figure Skating Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'TFP', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manuela Landgraf / Ingo Steuer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manuela_Landgraf', 'summary': 'Manuela Landgraf is a former East German pair skater . She won the 1984 World Junior Figure Skating Championships with partner Ingo Steuer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ingo_Steuer', 'summary': 'Ingo Steuer ( born 1 November 1966 ) is a German pair skater and skating coach . With Mandy Wötzel , he is the 1998 Olympic bronze medalist , the 1997 World champion , the 1995 European champion , and a four-time German national champion . As a coach , he led Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy of Germany to multiple world and European titles .'}]}, {'value': 'East Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Germany', 'summary': "East Germany , officially the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German : Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk ] , DDR ) , was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 , the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War . Commonly described as a communist state in English usage , it described itself as a socialist workers ' and peasants ' state . It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II - the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder-Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . However , Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front . The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools . The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned . Prices of housing , basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand ; and were heavily subsidised ."}]}, {'value': '1.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susan Dungjen / Jason Dungjen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_Dungjen', 'summary': 'Susan Dungjen ( born April 7 , 1970 ) is an American former pair skater . With brother Jason Dungjen , she is the 1984 World Junior silver medalist and the 1985 U.S. pewter medalist . They won the silver medal at the 1983 NHK Trophy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jason_Dungjen', 'summary': 'Jason Dungjen ( born September 28 , 1967 ) is an American figure skating coach and a former pair skater . With Kyoko Ina , he is a two-time Skate America silver medalist , a three-time Nations Cup medalist , and a two-time U.S. national champion . With Susan Dungjen , he is the 1983 NHK Trophy silver medalist and 1984 World Junior silver medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '3.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olga Neizvestnaya / Sergei Hudyakov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '3.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irina Shishova / Aleksey Suleymanov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '5.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ekaterina Gordeeva / Sergei Grinkov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ekaterina_Gordeeva', 'summary': "Ekaterina Katia Alexandrovna Gordeeva ( Russian : Екатерина Александровна Гордеева ; born 28 May 1971 ) is a Russian figure skater . Together with her partner and husband , the late Sergei Grinkov , she was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 ) in pair skating . After Grinkov 's death , Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Grinkov', 'summary': 'Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov ( Russian : Серге́й Миха́йлович Гринько́в ; 4 February 1967 - 20 November 1995 ) was a Russian pair skater . Together with partner and wife Ekaterina Gordeeva , he was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and a four-time World Champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '7.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penny Schultz / Scott Grover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '8.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danielle Carr / Stephen Carr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Carr', 'summary': 'Danielle Vanessa McGrath , née Carr OAM ( born 6 November 1969 in Sydney ) is an Australian former pair skater . With her brother , Stephen Carr , she is a nineteen-time ( 1980-1998 ) Australian national champion . They competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics , placing 13th , the 1994 Winter Olympics , placing 11th , and the 1998 Winter Olympics , again placing 13th . They retired from competitive skating following the 1998 Olympic season . During their amateur career , they were coached by Sergei Shakhrai and Kerry Leitch . In the 2000 Australia Day Honours McGrath was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia ( OAM ) for service to figure skating at Australian and World Championships , and to the Olympic movement . As of 2006 , McGrath was working as a skating coach in Sydney , Australia . She coached Emma Brien / Stuart Beckingham .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Carr_(figure_skater)', 'summary': 'Stephen Carr ( born 6 January 1966 in Sydney ) is an Australian former pair skater . With his sister , Danielle , he is a nineteen-time ( 1980-1998 ) Australian national champion . They competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics , placing 13th , the 1994 Winter Olympics , placing 11th , and the 1998 Winter Olympics , again placing 13th . They retired from competitive skating around 1998 . During their career , they were coached by Sergei Shakhrai and Kerry Leitch . As of 2006 , Carr was working as a skating coach in Sydney , Australia . He coached Sean Carlow and Emma Brien / Stuart Beckingham .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '9.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sonja Hoefler / Marc Druener', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': '11.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisa Cushley / Niel Cushley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Cushley', 'summary': 'Lisa Cushley ( born 12 April 1969 in Stockton-on-Tees ) is an English former pair skater who represented the United Kingdom . Competing with her brother , Neil Cushley , she finished 13th at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . The pair placed 7th at the 1987 European Championships , 14th at the 1988 World championships , and 7th at the 1989 European Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '12.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan Waggoner / Todd Waggoner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Waggoner', 'summary': 'Todd Eric Waggoner ( born December 24 , 1965 ) is an American former pair skater . With Gillian Wachsman , he is the 1985 NHK Trophy champion , 1985 Skate America bronze medalist , and 1986 U.S. national champion . The pair competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics , placing fifth , and at three World Championships , placing as high as fourth .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '14.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jihong Sun / Jun Fan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '15.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Pairs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1984_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships_2', 'intro': "The 1984 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held December 5-11, 1983 in Sapporo, Japan. Commonly called World Juniors and Junior Worlds, the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The regular senior-level NHK Trophy competition was not held that year, the World Junior Championships being held in its stead."}
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Where did the skaters representing the world 's largest exporter place in the free skate ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'title': 'Italy at the 2012 Summer Paralympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cecilia Camellini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cecilia_Camellini', 'summary': 'Cecilia Camellini ( born 10 March 1992 in Modena ) is a visually-impaired , born blind , Paralympic swimmer of Italy . At the 2008 Summer Paralympics she won two silver medals . At the 2012 Summer Paralympics she won two gold in world record time , and two bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London , UK . The competition consisted of 148 events , across multiple classifications , and all swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool . Up to 600 swimmers ( 340 males , 260 females ) swum in the Games .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 metre freestyle S11", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_100_metre_freestyle_S11", 'summary': "The women 's 100m freestyle S11 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 31 August . There were three heats ; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final ."}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cecilia Camellini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cecilia_Camellini', 'summary': 'Cecilia Camellini ( born 10 March 1992 in Modena ) is a visually-impaired , born blind , Paralympic swimmer of Italy . At the 2008 Summer Paralympics she won two silver medals . At the 2012 Summer Paralympics she won two gold in world record time , and two bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London , UK . The competition consisted of 148 events , across multiple classifications , and all swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool . Up to 600 swimmers ( 340 males , 260 females ) swum in the Games .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 metre freestyle S11", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_50_metre_freestyle_S11", 'summary': "The women 's 50 metre freestyle S11 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 1 September , at the London Aquatics Centre . Three heats were held , one with six swimmers , two with seven competitors each . The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final ."}]}, {'value': '1 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oscar De Pellegrin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oscar_De_Pellegrin', 'summary': 'Oscar De Pellegrin ( born 17 May 1963 in Belluno ) is an Italian Paralympic archer and former Paralympic sports shooter .'}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of nine events , five for men and four for women . The competitions were held at the Royal Artillery Barracks from 30 August to 5 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's individual recurve W1/W2", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archery_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_individual_recurve", 'summary': "The Men 's individual recurve archery discipline at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested in two classifications , one combined of W1/W2 wheelchair competitors and one for standing archers . The competitions ran from August 30 to September 3 . In the ranking rounds each archer shot 72 arrows . In the knock-out stages each archer shot three arrows per set , scoring two points for a won set and one for a draw . Matches were won by the first archer to six points ."}]}, {'value': '3 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Assunta Legnante', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assunta_Legnante', 'summary': 'Assunta Legnante ( born 14 May 1978 in Naples ) is a visually impaired Italian shot putter . She has competed in both the Olympics and the Paralympics , one of the few athletes to do so . As of February 2013 [ update ] , she is the current F11 shot put world record holder .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's shot put F11-12", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_shot_put_F11-12", 'summary': "The Women 's Shot Put athletics events for the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium from September 1 to September 8 , 2012 . A total of 9 events were contested incorporating 16 different classifications ."}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Zanardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Zanardi', 'summary': 'Alessandro Zanardi ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈaːleks dzaˈnardi ] ; born 23 October 1966 ) is an Italian professional racing driver and paracyclist . He won the CART championship in 1997 and 1998 in North America . He also raced in Formula One from 1991-1994 and again in 1999 ; his best result was a sixth-place finish in 1993 . He returned to CART in 2001 , but a major crash in the 2001 American Memorial resulted in the amputation of his legs . He returned to racing less than two years after the accident ; competing in the FIA World Touring Car Championship for BMW Team Italy-Spain between 2003 and 2009 . In addition to continuing to race cars , Zanardi took up competition in handcycling , a form of paralympic cycling , with the stated goal of representing Italy at the 2012 Summer Paralympics . In September 2011 , Zanardi won his first senior international handcycling medal , the silver medal in the H4 category time trial at the UCI World Road Para-Cycling Championships . In September 2012 he won gold medals at the London Paralympics in the individual H4 time trial and the individual H4 road race , followed by a silver medal in the mixed H1-4 team relay , and in September 2016 he won a gold and a silver medal at the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's time trial H4", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_road_time_trial_H4", 'summary': "The Men 's time trial H4 road cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on September 5 at Brands Hatch . Ten riders from nine different nations competed . The race distance was 16 km . The race was won by former F1 driver Alex Zanardi ."}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martina Caironi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martina_Caironi', 'summary': 'Martina Caironi ( born 13 July 1989 ) is an Italian Paralympic athlete . She competed at the 2012 and 2016 Paralympics and won a gold medal in the 100 m sprint in 2012 and a silver in the long jump in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 metre T42", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_100_metres_T42", 'summary': "The Women 's 100m athletics events for the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium from August 31 to September 8 . A total of 14 events were contested over this distance for 14 different classifications ."}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roberto Bargna', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's road race C1-3", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_road_race_C1-3", 'summary': "The men 's road race C1-3 cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on 6 September at Brands Hatch . Forty riders competed . The race distance was 64 km ."}]}, {'value': '6 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Zanardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Zanardi', 'summary': 'Alessandro Zanardi ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈaːleks dzaˈnardi ] ; born 23 October 1966 ) is an Italian professional racing driver and paracyclist . He won the CART championship in 1997 and 1998 in North America . He also raced in Formula One from 1991-1994 and again in 1999 ; his best result was a sixth-place finish in 1993 . He returned to CART in 2001 , but a major crash in the 2001 American Memorial resulted in the amputation of his legs . He returned to racing less than two years after the accident ; competing in the FIA World Touring Car Championship for BMW Team Italy-Spain between 2003 and 2009 . In addition to continuing to race cars , Zanardi took up competition in handcycling , a form of paralympic cycling , with the stated goal of representing Italy at the 2012 Summer Paralympics . In September 2011 , Zanardi won his first senior international handcycling medal , the silver medal in the H4 category time trial at the UCI World Road Para-Cycling Championships . In September 2012 he won gold medals at the London Paralympics in the individual H4 time trial and the individual H4 road race , followed by a silver medal in the mixed H1-4 team relay , and in September 2016 he won a gold and a silver medal at the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's road race H4", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_road_race_H4", 'summary': "The Men 's road race H4 cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on September 7 at Brands Hatch . Ten riders from nine different nations competed . The race distance was 48 km ."}]}, {'value': '7 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivano Pizzi Luca Pizzi ( pilot )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's road race B", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_road_race_B", 'summary': "The Men 's road race B event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on 8 September at Brands Hatch . Eighteen riders from fourteen different nations competed . The race distance was 108 km ."}]}, {'value': '8 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxana Corso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxana_Corso', 'summary': "Oxana Corso ( born 9 July 1995 in Saint Petersburg ) is a Russian-born Italian Paralympic athlete . As of April 2014 [ update ] , she holds the Women 's 100 metre and 400 metre world records for the T35 cerebral palsy classification ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 metre T35", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_200_metres_T35", 'summary': "The Women 's 200 metres T35 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium on 31 August . The event consisted of a single race . The T35 category is for ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy . The typical T35 athlete may need assistive devices for walking . The athlete may have sufficient function to run but demonstrates poor balance ."}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pamela Pezzutto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pamela_Pezzutto', 'summary': 'Pamela Pezzutto ( born 17 July 1981 in Sacile ) is an Italian Paralympic athlete who has won three silver medals at Summer Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Table tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London took place from Thursday 30 August to Saturday 8 September 2012 at ExCeL Exhibition Centre . 276 athletes , 174 men and 102 women , competed in 29 events . Table tennis events have been held at the Paralympics since the first Games in Rome in 1960 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's individual - Class 1-2", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_individual_–_Class_1–2", 'summary': "The Women 's individual table tennis - Class 1-2 tournament at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London took place from 30 August to 2 September 2012 at ExCeL Exhibition Centre . Classes 1-5 are for athletes with a physical impairment that affected their legs , and who compete in a sitting position . The lower the number , the greater the impact the impairment was on an athletes ability to compete . In the preliminary stage , athletes competed in four groups of three . Winners of each group qualified for the semi-finals ."}]}, {'value': '2 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alvise De Vidi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alvise_De_Vidi', 'summary': 'Alvise De Vidi ( born 30 April 1966 , in San Biagio di Callalta ) is a paralympic athlete from Italy competing mainly in category T51 wheelchair racing events .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 metre T51", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_100_metres_T51", 'summary': "The Men 's 100 metres T51 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium on 3 September . The T51 category is for wheelchair athletes having spinal cord injuries , with mild weakness in shoulders , limited ability in straightening elbows and wrist function , and no finger , trunk or leg function ."}]}, {'value': '3 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elisabetta Mijno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elisabetta_Mijno', 'summary': 'Elisabetta Mijno ( born 10 January 1986 ) is an Italian Paralympic archer . In the 2012 Summer Paralympics , Mijno won a silver medal . Then , at the 2016 Summer Paralympics , she won a bronze . She studied Medicine at the University of Turin in Orbassano , Italy . Her hobbies are travelling , photography and reading .'}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of nine events , five for men and four for women . The competitions were held at the Royal Artillery Barracks from 30 August to 5 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's individual recurve W1/W2", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archery_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_individual_recurve", 'summary': "The Women 's individual recurve archery discipline at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested in two classifications , one combined of W1/W2 wheelchair competitors and one for standing archers . The competitions ran from August 30 to September 4 . In the ranking rounds each archer shot 72 arrows . In the knock-out stages each archer shot three arrows per set , scoring two points for a won set and one for a draw . Matches were won by the first archer to six points ."}]}, {'value': '4 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivano Pizzi Luca Pizzi ( pilot )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's time trial B", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_road_time_trial_B", 'summary': "The Men 's time trial B road cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on September 5 at Brands Hatch . Seventeen riders from fifteen different nations competed . The race distance was 24 km ."}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxana Corso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxana_Corso', 'summary': "Oxana Corso ( born 9 July 1995 in Saint Petersburg ) is a Russian-born Italian Paralympic athlete . As of April 2014 [ update ] , she holds the Women 's 100 metre and 400 metre world records for the T35 cerebral palsy classification ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 metre T35", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_100_metres_T35", 'summary': "The Women 's 100m athletics events for the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium from August 31 to September 8 . A total of 14 events were contested over this distance for 14 different classifications ."}]}, {'value': '7 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giorgio Farroni', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mixed road race', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Mixed_road_race', 'summary': 'The Mixed road race T1-2 cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on September 8 at Brands Hatch . Nineteen riders from sixteen different nations competed . The race distance was 24 km . Results were not factored .'}]}, {'value': '8 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francesca Fenocchio Vittorio Podestà Alex Zanardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vittorio_Podestà', 'summary': 'Vittorio Podestà ( born 3 June 1973 in Lavagna ) is a male Italian paralympic cyclist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alex_Zanardi', 'summary': 'Alessandro Zanardi ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈaːleks dzaˈnardi ] ; born 23 October 1966 ) is an Italian professional racing driver and paracyclist . He won the CART championship in 1997 and 1998 in North America . He also raced in Formula One from 1991-1994 and again in 1999 ; his best result was a sixth-place finish in 1993 . He returned to CART in 2001 , but a major crash in the 2001 American Memorial resulted in the amputation of his legs . He returned to racing less than two years after the accident ; competing in the FIA World Touring Car Championship for BMW Team Italy-Spain between 2003 and 2009 . In addition to continuing to race cars , Zanardi took up competition in handcycling , a form of paralympic cycling , with the stated goal of representing Italy at the 2012 Summer Paralympics . In September 2011 , Zanardi won his first senior international handcycling medal , the silver medal in the H4 category time trial at the UCI World Road Para-Cycling Championships . In September 2012 he won gold medals at the London Paralympics in the individual H4 time trial and the individual H4 road race , followed by a silver medal in the mixed H1-4 team relay , and in September 2016 he won a gold and a silver medal at the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines , track cycling and road cycling . Track cycling was held in London Velopark from 30 August to 2 September , and road cycling took place at Brands Hatch from September 5 to September 8 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mixed H1-4 team relay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federico Morlacchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federico_Morlacchi', 'summary': 'Federico Morlacchi ( born 11 November 1993 in Luino ) is a male Italian paralympic swimmer .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London , UK . The competition consisted of 148 events , across multiple classifications , and all swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool . Up to 600 swimmers ( 340 males , 260 females ) swum in the Games .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 metre butterfly S9", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_100_metre_butterfly_S9", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metre butterfly S9 event at the 2012 Paralympic Games took place on 30 August , at the London Aquatics Centre . Two heats were held with eight swimmers in each . The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final ."}]}, {'value': '30 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cecilia Camellini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cecilia_Camellini', 'summary': 'Cecilia Camellini ( born 10 March 1992 in Modena ) is a visually-impaired , born blind , Paralympic swimmer of Italy . At the 2008 Summer Paralympics she won two silver medals . At the 2012 Summer Paralympics she won two gold in world record time , and two bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London , UK . The competition consisted of 148 events , across multiple classifications , and all swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool . Up to 600 swimmers ( 340 males , 260 females ) swum in the Games .'}]}, {'value': '100 metre backstroke SM11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federico Morlacchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federico_Morlacchi', 'summary': 'Federico Morlacchi ( born 11 November 1993 in Luino ) is a male Italian paralympic swimmer .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 2012 Paralympic Games was held from 30 August to 8 September 2012 at the London Aquatics Centre in London , UK . The competition consisted of 148 events , across multiple classifications , and all swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool . Up to 600 swimmers ( 340 males , 260 females ) swum in the Games .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 metre freestyle S9", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_400_metre_freestyle_S9", 'summary': "The men 's 400m freestyle S9 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 4 September . There were two heats ; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final ."}]}, {'value': '4 September', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Italy_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_0', 'intro': 'Italy competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom, from 29 August to 9 September 2012.'}
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How many events make up the Paraolympic sport that Alex Zanard took gold in ?
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50
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0293129d9c580654
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Brazil', 'title': 'Public holidays in Brazil', 'header': ['Date', 'English name', 'Portuguese name', 'Remarks'], 'data': [{'value': 'January 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "New Year 's Day", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Year's_Day", 'summary': "New Year 's Day , also simply called New Year , is observed on 1 January , the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar . In pre-Christian Rome under the Julian calendar , the day was dedicated to Janus , god of gateways and beginnings , for whom January is also named . As a date in the Gregorian calendar of Christendom , New Year 's Day liturgically marked the Feast of the Naming and Circumcision of Jesus , which is still observed as such in the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church . The Roman Catholic Church celebrates on this day the Solemnity of Mary , Mother of God . In present day , with most countries now using the Gregorian calendar as their de facto calendar , New Year 's Day is among the most celebrated public holidays in the world , often observed with fireworks at the stroke of midnight as the new year starts in each time zone . Other global New Year 's Day traditions include making New Year 's resolutions and calling one 's friends and family ."}]}, {'value': 'Ano Novo / Confraternização Universal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celebrates the beginning of the year . Festivities include counting down to midnight starting from the preceding night . It also signals the traditional end of the holiday season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiradentes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiradentes', 'summary': "Joaquim José da Silva Xavier ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʒwaˈkĩ ʒuˈzɛ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ ʃɐviˈɛʁ ] ; November 12 , 1746 - April 21 , 1792 ) , known as Tiradentes ( pronounced [ tʃiɾɐˈdẽtʃis ] ) , was a leading member of the Brazilian revolutionary movement known as Inconfidência Mineira , whose aim was full independence from Portuguese colonial power and creation of a Brazilian republic . When the separatists ' plot was uncovered by authorities , Tiradentes was arrested , tried and publicly hanged . Since the advent of the Brazilian Republic , Tiradentes has been considered a national hero of Brazil and patron of the Military Police ."}]}, {'value': 'Dia de Tiradentes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anniversary of considered the national martyr for being part of the Inconfidência Mineira , an insurgent movement that aimed to establish an independent Brazilian republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inconfidência_Mineira', 'summary': "Inconfidência Mineira ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ĩkõfiˈdẽsiɐ miˈnejɾɐ ] ; Minas Gerais Conspiracy ) was an unsuccessful separatist movement in Brazil in 1789 . It was the result of a confluence of external and internal causes in what was then a Portuguese colony . The external inspiration was the independence of thirteen of the British colonies in North America following the American Revolutionary War , a development that impressed the intellectual elite of particularly the captaincy of Minas Gerais . The main internal cause of the conspiracy was the decline of gold mining in that captaincy . As gold became less plentiful , the region 's gold miners faced increasing difficulties in fulfilling tax obligations to the crown , the tax over gold was one-fifth . When the captaincy could not satisfy the royal demand for gold , it was burdened with an additional tax on gold , called derrama . Conspirators seeking independence from Portugal planned to rise up in rebellion on the day that the derrama was instituted . However , the conspirators lacked both well-formed plans and an overall leader . Some of the conspirators were republicans , others were monarchists . Some favored the abolition of slavery , while others judged abolition as impractical at that time . The conspirators did put forth a few economic and social ideas : the promotion of cotton production , the exploitation of iron and saltpeter reserves , a proposal to give incentives to mothers to have many children , and the creation of a citizens ' militia . The conspiracy attracted a great number of military personnel , priests , and intellectuals , as well as the poets Cláudio Manuel da Costa and Tomás Antônio Gonzaga ( 1744-1807 ?"}]}, {'value': 'May 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Labour Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Day', 'summary': "Labour Day ( Labor Day in the United States ) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements of workers . Labour Day has its origins in the labour union movement , specifically the eight-hour day movement , which advocated eight hours for work , eight hours for recreation , and eight hours for rest . For most countries , Labour Day is synonymous with , or linked with , International Workers ' Day , which occurs on 1 May . For other countries , Labour Day is celebrated on a different date , often one with special significance for the labour movement in that country . Labour Day is a public holiday in many countries . In Canada and the United States , the holiday is celebrated on the first Monday of September and considered the unofficial end of summer , with summer vacations ending and students returning to school around then ."}]}, {'value': 'Dia do Trabalhador / Dia do Trabalho', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celebrates the achievements of workers and the labour movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independence Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_Day_(Brazil)', 'summary': "The Independence Day of Brazil ( Portuguese : Dia da Independência , Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈdʒi.ɐ dɐ ĩdepẽˈdẽsjɐ ] ) , commonly called Sete de Setembro ( Seventh of September , [ ˈsɛtʃi dʒi seˈtẽbɾu ] ) , is a national holiday observed in Brazil on 7 September of every year . The date celebrates Brazil 's Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves on 7 September 1822 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dia da Independência', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Celebrates Brazil 's declaration of independence from Portugal on September 7 , 1822", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazilian_Declaration_of_Independence', 'summary': "The Independence of Brazil comprised a series of political and military events that occurred in 1821-1824 , most of which involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence presented by the Brazilian Empire . It is celebrated on 7 September , the anniversary of the date in 1822 that prince regent Dom Pedro declared Brazil 's independence from the former United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and Algarves . Formal recognition came with a treaty three years later , signed by both the new Empire of Brazil and the Kingdom of Portugal in late 1825 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Aparecida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Aparecida', 'summary': 'Our Lady of Aparecida ( Portuguese : Nossa Senhora Aparecida or Portuguese : Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida [ ˈnɔsɐ siˈɲɔɾɐ dɐ kõsejˈsɐ̃w ɐpɐɾeˈsidɐ ] ) a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the traditional form associated with the Immaculate Conception associated with a clay statue bearing the same title . The image is widely venerated by Brazilian Catholics , who consider her as the principal patroness of Brazil . Historical accounts state that the statue was originally found by three fishermen who miraculously caught many fish after invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary . The statue is currently housed in the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida in Aparecida , São Paulo , Brazil . Colonial documents and papal bulls have referred to the image as Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida . The Roman Rite feast day of Our Lady of Aparecida is on October 12 , which since 1980 is also a public holiday in Brazil . The building in which it is venerated was granted the title of minor basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1980 , and is the largest Marian shrine in the world , being able to hold up to 45,000 worshippers . Controversy about the statue was ignited in May 1978 by an intruder who stole the clay statue , which was smashed as he was apprehended , from its shrine , and again in 1995 , when a Protestant minister insulted and vandalized a copy of the statue on Brazilian national television . The following papal documents concern the famed statue :'}]}, {'value': 'Nossa Senhora Aparecida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commemorates the Virgin Mary as Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida , patron saint of Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virgin_Mary', 'summary': "Mary [ c ] was a first-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth , and the mother of Jesus , according to the New Testament and the Quran . The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin . In Matthew and Luke she is betrothed to Joseph . According to Christian theology she conceived Jesus through the Holy Spirit while still a virgin . She accompanied Joseph to Bethlehem , where Jesus was born . According to Catholic and Eastern Christian teachings , at the end of her earthly life her body was raised directly into Heaven ; this is known in the Christian West as the Assumption . Mary has been venerated since early Christianity , and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion . She is said to have miraculously appeared to believers many times over the centuries . The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox , Catholic , Anglican , and Lutheran churches believe that Mary , as mother of Jesus , is the Theotokos ( Mother of God ) ( Greek : Θεοτόκος , romanized : Theotokos , lit . 'God-bearer ' ) . There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions . The Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas , namely her status as the Mother of God , her Immaculate Conception , her perpetual virginity , and her Assumption into heaven ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Aparecida', 'summary': 'Our Lady of Aparecida ( Portuguese : Nossa Senhora Aparecida or Portuguese : Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida [ ˈnɔsɐ siˈɲɔɾɐ dɐ kõsejˈsɐ̃w ɐpɐɾeˈsidɐ ] ) a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the traditional form associated with the Immaculate Conception associated with a clay statue bearing the same title . The image is widely venerated by Brazilian Catholics , who consider her as the principal patroness of Brazil . Historical accounts state that the statue was originally found by three fishermen who miraculously caught many fish after invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary . The statue is currently housed in the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida in Aparecida , São Paulo , Brazil . Colonial documents and papal bulls have referred to the image as Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida . The Roman Rite feast day of Our Lady of Aparecida is on October 12 , which since 1980 is also a public holiday in Brazil . The building in which it is venerated was granted the title of minor basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1980 , and is the largest Marian shrine in the world , being able to hold up to 45,000 worshippers . Controversy about the statue was ignited in May 1978 by an intruder who stole the clay statue , which was smashed as he was apprehended , from its shrine , and again in 1995 , when a Protestant minister insulted and vandalized a copy of the statue on Brazilian national television . The following papal documents concern the famed statue :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Patron_saint', 'summary': 'A patron saint , patroness saint , patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism , Anglicanism or Eastern Orthodoxy , is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation , place , craft , activity , class , clan , family or person .'}]}, {'value': 'November 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Day of the Dead', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/All_Souls'_Day", 'summary': "All Souls ' Day , also known as the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed and the Day of the Dead , is a day of prayer and remembrance for the souls of those who have died , which is observed by some Christian denominations . All Souls ' Day is often , although not exclusively , celebrated in Western Christianity ; Saturday of Souls is a related tradition more frequently observed in Eastern Christianity . Practitioners of All Souls ' Day traditions often remember deceased loved ones in various ways on the day . Beliefs and practices associated with All Souls ' Day vary widely among Christian churches and denominations . In contemporary Western Christianity the annual celebration is held on 2 November , and is part of the season of Allhallowtide that includes All Saints ' Day ( 1 November ) and its eve , Halloween ( 31 October ) . Prior to the standardization of Catholic observance on 2 November by St. Odlio of Cluny during the 10th century , many Catholic congregations celebrated All Souls Day on various dates during the Easter season as it is still observed in some Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches ."}]}, {'value': 'Dia de Finados', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Another Christian holiday ; it commemorates the faithful departed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republic Proclamation Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_(Brazil)', 'summary': "The Proclamation of the Republic ( Portuguese : Proclamação da República do Brasil ) was a military coup d'état that established the First Brazilian Republic on 15 November 1889 . It overthrew the constitutional monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and ended the reign of Emperor Pedro II . The proclamation of the Republic took place in Rio de Janeiro , then capital of the Empire of Brazil , when a group of military officers of the Brazilian Army , led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca , staged a coup d'état without the use of violence , deposing Emperor Pedro II and the President of the Council of Ministers of the Empire , the Viscount of Ouro Preto . A provisional government was established that same day , 15 November , with Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as President of the Republic and head of the interim Government ."}]}, {'value': 'Proclamação da República', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commemorates the end of the Empire of Brazil and the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic on November 15 , 1889', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil', 'summary': "The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and ( until 1828 ) Uruguay . Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II . A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808 , when the Portuguese Prince regent , later King Dom João VI , fled from Napoleon 's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro . João VI later returned to Portugal , leaving his eldest son and heir , Pedro , to rule the Kingdom of Brazil as regent . On 7 September 1822 , Pedro declared the independence of Brazil and , after waging a successful war against his father 's kingdom , was acclaimed on 12 October as Pedro I , the first Emperor of Brazil . The new country was huge , sparsely populated and ethnically diverse . Unlike most of the neighboring Hispanic American republics , Brazil had political stability , vibrant economic growth , constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech , and respect for civil rights of its subjects , albeit with legal restrictions on women and slaves , the latter regarded as property and not citizens . The empire 's bicameral parliament was elected under comparatively democratic methods for the era , as were the provincial and local legislatures . This led to a long ideological conflict between Pedro I and a sizable parliamentary faction over the role of the monarch in the government . He faced other obstacles . The unsuccessful Cisplatine War against the neighboring United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in 1828 led to the secession of the province of Cisplatina ( later to become Uruguay ) . In 1826 , despite his role in Brazilian independence , he became the king of Portugal ; he immediately abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his eldest daughter ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brazilian_Republic', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'December 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christmas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christmas', 'summary': "Christmas ( or Feast of the Nativity ) is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ , observed primarily on December 25 [ a ] as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world . A feast central to the Christian liturgical year , it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide , which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night ; in some traditions , Christmastide includes an octave . Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world 's nations , is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians , as well as culturally by many non-Christians , and forms an integral part of the holiday season centered around it . The traditional Christmas narrative , the Nativity of Jesus , delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem , in accordance with messianic prophecies . When Joseph and Mary arrived in the city , the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born , with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then further disseminated the information . Although the month and date of Jesus ' birth are unknown , the church in the early fourth century fixed the date as December 25 . This corresponds to the date of the winter solstice on the Roman calendar . Most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar , which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world . However , part of the Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar , which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar . For Christians , believing that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity , rather than knowing Jesus ' exact birth date , is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas . The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian , Christian , and secular themes and origins . Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving ; completing an Advent calendar or Advent wreath ; Christmas music and caroling ; viewing a Nativity play ; an exchange of Christmas cards ; church services ; a special meal ; and the display of various Christmas decorations , including Christmas trees , Christmas lights , nativity scenes , garlands , wreaths , mistletoe , and holly ."}]}, {'value': 'Natal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celebrates the nativity of Jesus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus', 'summary': 'The nativity of Jesus , nativity of Christ , birth of Christ or birth of Jesus is described in the Biblical gospels of Luke and Matthew . The two accounts agree that Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea , his mother Mary was betrothed to a man named Joseph , who was descended from King David and was not his biological father , and that his birth was caused by divine intervention . The nativity is the basis for the Christian holiday of Christmas on December 25 , and plays a major role in the Christian liturgical year . Many Christians traditionally display small manger scenes depicting the nativity in their homes , or attend Nativity Plays or Christmas pageants focusing on the nativity cycle in the Bible . Elaborate nativity displays called creche scenes , featuring life-sized statues , are a tradition in many continental European countries during the Christmas season . Christian congregations of the Western tradition ( including the Catholic Church , the Western Rite Orthodox , the Anglican Communion , and many other Protestants , such as the Moravian Church ) begin observing the season of Advent four Sundays before Christmas . Christians of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Church observe a similar season , sometimes called Advent but also called the Nativity Fast , which begins forty days before Christmas . Some Eastern Orthodox Christians ( e.g . Greeks and Syrians ) celebrate Christmas on December 25 . Other Orthodox ( e.g . Copts , Ethiopians , Georgians , and Russians ) celebrate Christmas on ( the Gregorian ) January 7 ( Koiak 29 on the Coptic calendar ) as a result of their churches continuing to follow the Julian calendar , rather than the modern day Gregorian calendar . The artistic depiction of the nativity has been an important subject for Christian artists since the 4th century .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'In Brazil , public holidays may be legislated at the federal , statewide and municipal levels . Most holidays are observed nationwide . [ 1 ] Apart from the yearly official holidays ( listed below ) , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] the Constitution of Brazil also establishes that election days are to be considered national holidays as well . General elections are biennially held on the first Sunday of October in the first round , and on the last Sunday of October in the second round . Numerous religious and ethnic holidays are also celebrated in Brazil .', 'uid': 'Public_holidays_in_Brazil_0', 'intro': 'In Brazil, public holidays may be legislated at the federal, statewide and municipal levels. Most holidays are observed nationwide. Apart from the yearly official holidays (listed below), the Constitution of Brazil also establishes that election days are to be considered national holidays as well. General elections are biennially held on the first Sunday of October in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October in the second round. Numerous religious and ethnic holidays are also celebrated in Brazil.'}
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Which year had the event that inspired the day celebrated on September 7 in Brazil ?
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1822
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02959825efcddb56
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_films', 'title': 'List of World War II films', 'header': ['Country', 'Main title ( Alternative titles )', 'Director', 'Battles , campaigns , events depicted'], 'data': [{'value': 'Nazi Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 June', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/5_June_(film)', 'summary': '5 June ( German : Der 5 . Juni ) is a 1942 German war film directed by Fritz Kirchhoff and starring Carl Raddatz , Joachim Brennecke and Karl Ludwig Diehl . The film depicts the events of 1940 when German forces successfully invaded France . It was shot on location in France and Germany . Constant changes to the film , often at the request of the German military , led to large cost overruns . In November 1942 , the film was banned by the Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels for unspecified reasons . It has been speculated that Goebbels thought the film was not entertaining enough or wished to avoid offending the Vichy government of France .'}]}, {'value': 'Fritz Kirchhoff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fritz_Kirchhoff', 'summary': 'Fritz Kirchhoff ( 1901-1953 ) was a German screenwriter , film producer and director . He was a noted director during the Nazi era , directing film such as the anti-British propaganda thriller Attack on Baku ( 1942 ) . His 1942 film 5 June , showing the German defeat of France in 1940 , was banned by Joseph Goebbels for unclear reasons , although it has been speculated it was to avoid offending the Vichy government . After the Second World War Kirchoff set up his own production company in Hamburg .'}]}, {'value': 'Battle of France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_France', 'summary': 'The Battle of France , also known as the Fall of France , was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War . On 3 September 1939 France had declared war on Germany , following the invasion of its ally Poland . In early September 1939 , France launched the Saar Offensive , which stalled . By mid October , French troops had been withdrawn to their original start positions . In six weeks from 10 May 1940 , German forces defeated Allied forces by mobile operations and conquered France , Belgium , Luxembourg and the Netherlands , bringing land operations on the Western Front to an end until the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 . Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and invaded France over the Alps . In Fall Gelb ( Case Yellow ) , German armoured units made a surprise push through the Ardennes , and then along the Somme valley , cutting off and surrounding the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium to meet the expected German invasion . When British , Belgian and French forces were pushed back to the sea by the mobile and well-organised German operation , the British evacuated the British Expeditionary Force ( BEF ) and French divisions from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo . German forces began Fall Rot ( Case Red ) on 5 June . The sixty remaining French divisions and two British divisions made a determined resistance but were unable to overcome the German air superiority and armoured mobility . German tanks outflanked the Maginot Line and pushed deep into France , occupying Paris unopposed on 14 June . After the flight of the French government and the collapse of the French army , German commanders met with French officials on 18 June to negotiate an end to hostilities .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Across the Pacific', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Across_the_Pacific', 'summary': 'Across the Pacific is a 1942 American spy film set on the eve of the entry of the United States into World War II . The film was directed first by John Huston , then by Vincent Sherman after Huston joined the United States Army Signal Corps . It stars Humphrey Bogart , Mary Astor , and Sydney Greenstreet . Despite the title , the action of the film never progresses across the Pacific , concluding in Panama . The title had been used before by Warner Brothers for a 1926 silent adventure film by the same name starring Monte Blue , who also has a small role in this film . However , the plots of the two films bear no resemblance to each other . Indeed , the plot of the talkie is more like a remake of the silent film-era spy thriller The Silent Command . Initially , it was planned that the film would portray an attempt to avert a Japanese plan to bomb Pearl Harbor . When the real-life Pearl Harbor bombing occurred , the script was quickly rewritten to change the location of the planned attack to Panama . Director John Huston was called up to military service during filming ; he claimed he left at the point near the end of the film in which Bogart is trapped in a house at gun-point . Vincent Sherman finished directing the film , minus the script which Huston took with him , explaining Bogie will know how to get out . An implausible escape and plot wrap-up was shot , which Huston declared lacked credibility .'}]}, {'value': 'John Huston , Vincent Sherman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Huston', 'summary': "John Marcellus Huston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ; August 5 , 1906 - August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , actor , and visual artist . Huston was a citizen of the United States by birth but renounced U.S. citizenship to become an Irish citizen and resident . He returned to the United States , where he lived the rest of his life . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) , The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) and Prizzi 's Honor ( 1985 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , winning twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins . Huston studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He explored the visual aspects of his films throughout his career , sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , with little editing needed . Some of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting an heroic quest , as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming destructive alliances , giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism , and war . Huston has been referred to as a titan , a rebel , and a renaissance man in the Hollywood film industry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vincent_Sherman', 'summary': "Vincent Sherman ( July 16 , 1906 - June 18 , 2006 ) was an American director and actor who worked in Hollywood . His movies include Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , Nora Prentiss ( 1947 ) , and The Young Philadelphians ( 1959 ) . He began his career as an actor on Broadway and later in film . He directed B-movies for Warner Bros. and then moved to directing to A-pictures . He was a good friend of actor Errol Flynn , whom he directed in Adventures of Don Juan ( 1949 ) . He directed three Joan Crawford movies : The Damned Do n't Cry ( 1950 ) , Harriet Craig ( 1950 ) , and Goodbye , My Fancy ( 1951 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Spy drama . Japanese plot against the Panama Canal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panama_Canal', 'summary': 'The Panama Canal ( Spanish : Canal de Panamá ) is an artificial 82 km ( 51 mi ) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean . The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade . Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake , an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal , 26 m ( 85 ft ) above sea level , and then lower the ships at the other end . The original locks are 32.5 m ( 110 ft ) wide . A third , wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016 . The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26 , 2016 . The new locks allow transit of larger , neo-Panamax ships , capable of handling more cargo . The construction of the Panama Canal is where the expression Another Day , Another Dollar comes from , as the workers were rumored to be paid a dollar a day for their labor . France began work on the canal in 1881 , but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate . The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15 , 1914 . One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken , the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans , enabling them to avoid the lengthy , hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan and the even less popular route through the Arctic Archipelago and the Bering Strait . Colombia , France , and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alpha Tau !', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francesco De Robertis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francesco_De_Robertis', 'summary': 'Francesco De Robertis ( 1902-1959 ) was an Italian screenwriter , film editor and director . His semi-documentary film-making style of the early 1940s has been credited as an influence on the development of Italian neorealism .'}]}, {'value': 'Italian submarine warfare in Mediterranean Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mediterranean_Theatre_of_World_War_II', 'summary': 'The Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War . The vast size of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre saw interconnected naval , land , and air campaigns fought for control of the Mediterranean , North Africa , the Horn of Africa , the Middle East and Southern Europe . The fighting in this theatre lasted from 10 June 1940 , when Italy entered the war on the side of Germany , until 2 May 1945 when all Axis forces in Italy surrendered . However , fighting would continue in Greece - where British troops had been dispatched to aid the Greek government - during the early stages of the Greek Civil War . The British referred to this theatre as the Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre ( so called due to the location of the fighting and the name of Middle East Command ) , the Americans called it the Mediterranean Theater of War and the German informal official history of the fighting is The Mediterranean , South-East Europe , and North Africa 1939-1941 ( 1995 ) . Regardless of the size of the theatre , the various campaigns were not seen as neatly separated areas of operations but part of a vast theatre of war . Fascist Italy aimed to carve out a new Roman Empire , while British forces aimed initially to retain the status quo . Italy invaded Greece , and not until the introduction of German forces were Greece and Yugoslavia overrun . Allied and Axis forces engaged in back and forth fighting across North Africa , with Axis interference in the Middle East causing fighting to spread there . With confidence high from early gains , German forces planned elaborate attacks to be launched to capture the Middle East and then to possibly attack the southern border of the Soviet Union . In three years of fighting , Axis forces were defeated in North Africa and their interference in the Middle East was halted . The anti-Axis coalition then commenced the Allied invasion of Italy , resulting in the Italians deposing Mussolini and joining the Allies .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlantic Convoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Convoy', 'summary': 'Atlantic Convoy is a 1942 American war film directed by Lew Landers . The story follows naval patrols based on the Icelandic coast battling the German U-boats during World War II , and the German efforts to infiltrate their operations with spies and saboteurs .'}]}, {'value': 'Lew Landers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lew_Landers', 'summary': 'Lew Landers ( born Louis Friedlander , January 2 , 1901 - December 16 , 1962 ) was an American independent film and television director .'}]}, {'value': 'Allied naval operations based in Iceland against U-boats in Atlantic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II', 'summary': 'At the beginning of World War II , Iceland was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark , with King Christian X as head of state . Iceland officially remained neutral throughout World War II . However , the British invaded Iceland on 10 May 1940 . On 7 July 1941 , the defence of Iceland was transferred from Britain to the United States , which was still a neutral country until five months later . On 17 June 1944 , Iceland dissolved its union with Denmark and the Danish monarchy and declared itself a republic , which remains to this day .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Battle of Hong Kong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Battle_of_Hong_Kong_(film)', 'summary': 'The Battle of Hong Kong Honkon kōryaku : Eikoku kuzururu no hi ( 香港攻略 英国崩るゝの日 ) ( Chinese : 香港攻略 ) , also known as The Day England Fell , is the sole film made in Hong Kong during the Japanese Occupation from 1941 to 1945 . The 1942 film was produced by the Japanese Dai Nippon Film Company , was directed by Shigeo Tanaka ( 田中重雄 Tanaka Shigeo ) and featured an all-Japanese cast , but some Hong Kong film personalities were also involved in its making . The Japanese used the film to spread anti-British propaganda ; the film portrays the British as having brutal and racist attitudes while in Hong Kong . This film is now lost .'}]}, {'value': 'Shigeo Tanaka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Battle of Hong Kong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong', 'summary': "The Battle of Hong Kong ( 8-25 December 1941 ) , also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong , was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II . On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor , forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong . The attack was in violation of international law as Japan had not declared war against the British Empire . The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British , Indian and Canadian units besides Chinese soldiers and conscripts from both within and outside Hong Kong . Locations which played an important role in setting the pace of military operations during December 1941 include Tai Po Road , the Shing Mun Redoubt trench and tunnel complex in the Gin Drinkers ' Line , Devil 's Peak , Ma Lau Tong , Lyemun ( also spelt as Lye Moon or Lei Yue Mun ) , North Point , Aldrich Bay ( Quarry Bay ) , Shaukiwan , Saiwan Hill , Wong Nei Chong Gap ( Wong Nai Chung Gap ) , Tytam ( Tai Tam Gap & Reservoirs ) , Shouson Hill and Stanley Fort . Coastal defence batteries including those at Stonecutters Island , Pak Sha Wan , Lyemun fort , Saiwan , Mount Collinson , Mount Parker , Belchers , Mount Davis , Jubilee Hill , Bokara , and Stanley provided artillery support for ground operations until they were put out of action or surrendered . Within a week the defenders abandoned the mainland and less than two weeks later , with their position on the island untenable , the colony surrendered ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bengasi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Augusto Genina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Augusto_Genina', 'summary': "Augusto Genina ( 28 January 1892 - 18 September 1957 ) was an Italian film pioneer . He was a movie producer and director . Born in Rome , Genina was a drama critic and wrote comedies for the Il Mondo Magazine , under advise of Aldo de Benedetti switches to movies for the Film d'Arte Italiana , that produces his first film La moglie di sua eccellenza . In 1929 Genina moved to France to direct Louise Brooks in sonorized film Miss Europe . He studied sound techniques and worked in France and Germany in same but alternate languages film versions which were filmed simultaneously , before his return to Italy . He won Venice Film Festival Mussolini 's cup for Best Italian Film twice , in 1936 by Lo squadrone bianco and in 1940 by The Siege of the Alcazar , both Fascist propaganda films . In 1953 , he filmed Three Forbidden Stories , another version of the real accident depicted by Giuseppe De Santis one year before in Rome 11 o'clock ( Roma ore 11 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Italian resistance to the British occupation of Benghazi in 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Dragons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Dragons', 'summary': "Black Dragons is a 1942 American film directed by William Nigh and starring Bela Lugosi , Joan Barclay , and George Pembroke . The cast includes Clayton Moore , who plays a handsome detective . The Black Dragon Society also appears in Let 's Get Tough ! a 1942 East Side Kids film made by the same team of writer Harvey Gates and producer Sam Katzman ."}]}, {'value': 'William Nigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Nigh', 'summary': 'William Nigh ( October 12 , 1881 - November 27 , 1955 ) was an American film director , writer , and actor . His film work sometimes lists him as either Will Nigh or William Nye .'}]}, {'value': "Japan 's Black Dragon Society , in collaboration with Nazis , recruits a mad scientist to create likenesses of Western leaders", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society', 'summary': 'The Black Dragon Society ( Kyūjitai ; 黑龍會 ; Shinjitai : 黒竜会 , kokuryūkai ) , or Amur River Society , was a prominent paramilitary , ultranationalist right-wing group in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bugle Sounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bugle_Sounds', 'summary': 'The Bugle Sounds is a 1942 World War II movie starring Wallace Beery as a cavalry sergeant resistant to replacing horses with tanks . The supporting cast includes Marjorie Main , Lewis Stone , George Bancroft , Donna Reed , and Chill Wills , and the film was directed by S. Sylvan Simon .'}]}, {'value': 'S. Sylvan Simon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S._Sylvan_Simon', 'summary': "S. Sylvan Simon ( March 9 , 1910 - May 17 , 1951 ) was an American stage/film director and producer . He began his film career at Warner Bros. in 1935 , directing screen tests . In 1937 , Simon moved to MGM , where he worked on the Marx Brothers ' The Big Store , supervising many of the slapstick sequences . He directed Red Skelton 's first starring feature , 1941 's Whistling in the Dark , and later worked on two more Skelton vehicles , A Southern Yankee and The Fuller Brush Man , in 1948 . Simon also directed Wallace Beery in Bad Bascomb ( 1946 ) , and a Glenn Ford western , Lust for Gold ( 1949 ) . Simon was the producer of Born Yesterday , a 1950 comedy that was nominated for five Academy Awards . He then suddenly died of a heart attack at the age of 41 . His ashes were interred in a small unassuming bronze nameplate niche at Columbarium of Memory ( Niche # 20174 ) , in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery , Glendale , California ."}]}, {'value': 'Cavalry and tank warfare', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Captains of the Clouds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captains_of_the_Clouds', 'summary': "Captains of the Clouds ( a.k.a . Shadows of Their Wings ) is a 1942 Warner Bros. war film in Technicolor , directed by Michael Curtiz and starring James Cagney . It was produced by William Cagney ( James Cagney 's brother ) , with Hal B. Wallis as executive producer . The screenplay was written by Arthur T. Horman , Richard Macaulay , and Norman Reilly Raine , based on a story by Horman and Roland Gillett . The cinematography was by Wilfred M. Cline , Sol Polito , and Winton C. Hoch and was notable in that it was the first feature-length Hollywood production filmed entirely in Canada . The film stars James Cagney and Dennis Morgan as Canadian pilots who do their part in the Second World War , and features Brenda Marshall , Alan Hale Sr. , George Tobias , Reginald Gardiner , and Reginald Denny in supporting roles . The title of the film came from a phrase used by Billy Bishop , the First World War fighter ace , who played himself in the film . The same words are also echoed in the narration of The Lion Has Wings documentary ( 1939 ) . A film on the ongoing Canadian involvement made sense for the American war effort . The films ends with an epilogue chronicling the contributions of the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) to the making of the film ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Curtiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Curtiz', 'summary': "Michael Curtiz ( /kɜːrˈtiːz/ kur-TEEZ ; born Manó Kaminer ; December 24 , 1886 - April 11 , 1962 ) was a Hungarian-born American film director , recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history . :67 He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood 's Golden Age , when the studio system was prevalent . Curtiz was already a well-known director in Europe when Warner Bros. invited him to Hollywood in 1926 , when he was 39 years of age . He had already directed 64 films in Europe , and soon helped Warner Bros. become the fastest-growing movie studio . He directed 102 films during his Hollywood career , mostly at Warners , where he directed ten actors to Oscar nominations . James Cagney and Joan Crawford won their only Academy Awards under Curtiz 's direction . He put Doris Day and John Garfield on screen for the first time , and he made stars of Errol Flynn , Olivia de Havilland , and Bette Davis . He himself was nominated five times and won twice , once for Best Short Subject for Sons of Liberty and once as Best Director for Casablanca . Curtiz was among those who introduced to Hollywood a visual style using artistic lighting , extensive and fluid camera movement , high crane shots , and unusual camera angles . He was versatile and could handle any kind of picture : melodrama , comedy , love story , film noir , musical , war story , Western , or historical epic . He always paid attention to the human-interest aspect of every story , stating that the human and fundamental problems of real people were the basis of all good drama . Curtiz helped popularize the classic swashbuckler with films such as Captain Blood ( 1935 ) and The Adventures of Robin Hood ( 1938 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Canadian bush pilots in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bush_pilot', 'summary': 'Bush flying refers to aircraft operations carried out in the bush . Bush flying involves operations in rough terrain where there are often no prepared landing strips or runways , frequently necessitating that bush planes be equipped with abnormally large tires , floats or skis .'}, {'url': '/wiki/British_Commonwealth_Air_Training_Plan', 'summary': 'The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) , or Empire Air Training Scheme ( EATS ) often referred to as simply The Plan , was a massive , joint military aircrew training program created by the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia and New Zealand , during the Second World War . BCATP remains as one of the single largest aviation training programs in history and was responsible for training nearly half the pilots , navigators , bomb aimers , air gunners , wireless operators and flight engineers who served with the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm ( FAA ) , Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) , Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) and Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF ) during the war . Under a parallel agreement , the Joint Air Training Scheme , South Africa trained 33,347 aircrew for the South African Air Force and other Allied air forces . This number was exceeded only by Canada , which trained 131,500 personnel . Students from many other countries attended schools under these plans , including Argentina , Belgium , Ceylon , Czechoslovakia , Denmark , Finland , Fiji , France , Greece , the Netherlands , Norway , Poland and the United States , where the similar Civilian Pilot Training Program was already underway by the end of 1938 .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casablanca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casablanca_(film)', 'summary': "Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison 's unproduced stage play Everybody Comes to Rick 's . The film stars Humphrey Bogart , Ingrid Bergman , and Paul Henreid ; it also features Claude Rains , Conrad Veidt , Sydney Greenstreet , Peter Lorre , and Dooley Wilson . Set during World War II , it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband , a Czech resistance leader , escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Germans . Warner Bros. story editor Irene Diamond convinced producer Hal B. Wallis to purchase the film rights to the play in January 1942 . Brothers Julius and Philip G. Epstein were initially assigned to write the script . However , despite studio resistance , they left to work on Frank Capra 's Why We Fight series early in 1942 . Howard Koch was assigned to the screenplay until the Epsteins returned a month later . Principal photography began on May 25 , 1942 , ending on August 3 ; the film was shot entirely at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank , California with the exception of one sequence at Van Nuys Airport in Van Nuys , Los Angeles . Although Casablanca was an A-list film with established stars and first-rate writers , no one involved with its production expected it to be anything other than one of the hundreds of ordinary pictures produced by Hollywood that year . Casablanca was rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier . It had its world premiere on November 26 , 1942 , in New York City and was released nationally in the United States on January 23 , 1943 . The film was a solid if unspectacular success in its initial run ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Curtiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Curtiz', 'summary': "Michael Curtiz ( /kɜːrˈtiːz/ kur-TEEZ ; born Manó Kaminer ; December 24 , 1886 - April 11 , 1962 ) was a Hungarian-born American film director , recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history . :67 He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood 's Golden Age , when the studio system was prevalent . Curtiz was already a well-known director in Europe when Warner Bros. invited him to Hollywood in 1926 , when he was 39 years of age . He had already directed 64 films in Europe , and soon helped Warner Bros. become the fastest-growing movie studio . He directed 102 films during his Hollywood career , mostly at Warners , where he directed ten actors to Oscar nominations . James Cagney and Joan Crawford won their only Academy Awards under Curtiz 's direction . He put Doris Day and John Garfield on screen for the first time , and he made stars of Errol Flynn , Olivia de Havilland , and Bette Davis . He himself was nominated five times and won twice , once for Best Short Subject for Sons of Liberty and once as Best Director for Casablanca . Curtiz was among those who introduced to Hollywood a visual style using artistic lighting , extensive and fluid camera movement , high crane shots , and unusual camera angles . He was versatile and could handle any kind of picture : melodrama , comedy , love story , film noir , musical , war story , Western , or historical epic . He always paid attention to the human-interest aspect of every story , stating that the human and fundamental problems of real people were the basis of all good drama . Curtiz helped popularize the classic swashbuckler with films such as Captain Blood ( 1935 ) and The Adventures of Robin Hood ( 1938 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1943 Best picture romantic-thriller set in Vichy-controlled Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture', 'summary': "The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) since the awards debuted in 1929 . This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot . Best Picture is the final award of the night and is considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony . The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002 , showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award 's inception . There have been 563 films nominated for Best Picture and 92 winners ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commandos Strike at Dawn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commandos_Strike_at_Dawn', 'summary': 'Commandos Strike at Dawn is a 1942 war film directed by John Farrow and written by Irwin Shaw from a short story entitled The Commandos by C.S . Forester that appeared in Cosmopolitan Magazine in June 1942 . Filmed in Canada , it starred Paul Muni , Anna Lee , Lillian Gish in her return to the screen , Cedric Hardwicke and Robert Coote .'}]}, {'value': 'John Farrow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Farrow', 'summary': "John Villiers Farrow , KGCHS ( 10 February 1904 - 27 January 1963 ) was an Australian-born American film director , producer and screenwriter . In 1957 , he won the Academy Award for Best Writing/Best Screenplay for Around the World in Eighty Days and in 1942 , he was nominated as Best Director for Wake Island . He had seven children by his wife , actress Maureen O'Sullivan , including actress Mia Farrow ."}]}, {'value': 'Norwegian resistance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement', 'summary': 'The Norwegian resistance to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945 . It took several forms :'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Dawn Express', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Dawn_Express', 'summary': 'The Dawn Express ( aka Dawn Express and Nazi Spy Ring'}]}, {'value': 'Albert Herman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Herman', 'summary': 'Albert Herman ( 1887-1958 ) was an American actor , screenwriter and film director . Herman was a prolific director , working mainly on low-budget movies for companies such as Producers Releasing Corporation . He is sometimes credited as Al Herman .'}]}, {'value': 'A Nazi spy ring is after a chemical formula', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Day Will Dawn ( The Avengers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Day_Will_Dawn', 'summary': 'The Day Will Dawn , released in the US as The Avengers , is a 1942 war film set in Norway during World War II . It stars Ralph Richardson , Deborah Kerr , Hugh Williams and Griffith Jones , and was directed by Harold French from a script written by Anatole de Grunwald , Patrick Kirwan and Terence Rattigan , based on a story by Frank Owen . The music by Richard Addinsell was performed by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Muir Mathieson .'}]}, {'value': 'Harold French', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_French', 'summary': 'Harold French ( 23 April 1897 - 19 October 1997 ) was an English film director , screenwriter and actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Norwegian resistance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Desperate Journey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Desperate_Journey', 'summary': "Desperate Journey is a 1942 American World War II action and aviation film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Errol Flynn and Ronald Reagan . The supporting cast includes Raymond Massey , Alan Hale Sr. , and Arthur Kennedy . The melodramatic film featured a group of downed Allied airmen making their way out of the Third Reich , often with their fists . [ Note 1 ] Director Raoul Walsh called it a war comedy spiced with enough tragedy to give it reality . beyond doubt the forerunner for Hogan 's Heroes ."}]}, {'value': 'Raoul Walsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raoul_Walsh', 'summary': "Raoul A. Walsh ( March 11 , 1887 - December 31 , 1980 ) was an American film director , actor , founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh . He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic The Birth of a Nation ( 1915 ) and for directing such films as The Big Trail ( 1930 ) , starring John Wayne , High Sierra ( 1941 ) , starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart ; and White Heat ( 1949 ) , starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien . He directed his last film in 1964 ."}]}, {'value': 'RAF aircrew escape from Germany through occupied Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II', 'summary': "Despite being neutral , the Netherlands in World War II was invaded by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 , as part of Fall Gelb . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family saved themselves by going to London . Princess Juliana and her children moved on to Canada for additional safety . The Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants among local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . In part due to the well-organized population registers , about 70% of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict , a much higher percentage than comparable countries , such as Belgium and France . In 2008 , records were opened that revealed the Germans had paid a bounty to Dutch police and administration officials to locate and identify Jews , aiding in their capture . But , uniquely among all German occupied areas , the city of Amsterdam organized an industrial action to protest the persecution of its Jewish citizens . World War II occurred in four distinct phases in the European Netherlands :"}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Document Z-3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Document_Z-3', 'summary': 'Document Z-3 ( Italian : Documento Z-3 ) is a 1942 Italian spy film directed by Alfredo Guarini and starring Isa Miranda , Claudio Gora and Luis Hurtado . It was one of three Miranda films directed by Guarini that helped re-establish her in Italian cinema following her return from a largely unsuccessful spell in Hollywood . Many critics were not impressed with the film , feeling that Miranda had not recovered the spontaneity of her pre-Hollywood films . This is considered the first movie in which Federico Fellini has worked as a screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Alfredo Guarini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfredo_Guarini', 'summary': "Alfredo Guarini ( 1901-1981 ) was an Italian screenwriter , film producer and director . Guarini is noted in particular for his management of the career of the Italian actress Isa Miranda , who he eventually married . In the mid-1930s he was responsible for persuading her to work in a variety of different countries to build up a greater international profile after her breakthrough success in Everybody 's Woman ( 1934 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Italian agents in Yugoslavia in the last days before the invasion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia', 'summary': "The invasion of Yugoslavia , also known as the April War [ a ] or Operation 25 , [ b ] was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II . The order for the invasion was put forward in Führer Directive No . 25 , which Adolf Hitler issued on 27 March 1941 , following the Yugoslav coup d'état . The invasion commenced with an overwhelming air attack on Belgrade and facilities of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force ( VVKJ ) by the Luftwaffe ( German Air Force ) and attacks by German land forces from southwestern Bulgaria . These attacks were followed by German thrusts from Romania , Hungary and the Ostmark . Italian forces were limited to air and artillery attacks until 11 April , when the Italian army attacked towards Ljubljana ( in modern-day Slovenia ) and through Istria and Lika and down the Dalmatian coast . On the same day , Hungarian forces entered Yugoslav Bačka and Baranya , but like the Italians they faced practically no resistance . A Yugoslav attack into the northern parts of the Italian protectorate of Albania met with initial success , but was inconsequential due to the collapse of the rest of the Yugoslav forces . Scholars have proposed several theories for the Royal Yugoslav Army 's sudden collapse , including poor training and equipment , generals eager to secure a quick cessation of hostilities , and a sizeable Croatian nationalist fifth column . The invasion ended when an armistice was signed on 17 April 1941 , based on the unconditional surrender of the Yugoslav army , which came into effect at noon on 18 April . Yugoslavia was then occupied and partitioned by the Axis powers . Some areas of Yugoslavia were annexed by neighboring Axis countries , some areas remained occupied , and in other areas Axis puppet states such as the Independent State of Croatia ( Serbo-Croatian Latin : Nezavisna Država Hrvatska , or NDH ) were created during the invasion on 10 April ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eagle Squadron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eagle_Squadron_(film)', 'summary': 'Eagle Squadron is a 1942 American war film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Robert Stack , Diana Barrymore , John Loder and Nigel Bruce . It was based on a story by C.S . Forester that appeared in Cosmopolitan magazine , and inspired by media reports of the fighting in the Battle of Britain , in particular , the American pilots who volunteered before the United States entered World War II , to fly for the Royal Air Force in the actual Eagle Squadrons .'}]}, {'value': 'Arthur Lubin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Lubin', 'summary': 'Arthur Lubin ( July 25 , 1898 - May 12 , 1995 ) was an American film director and producer who directed several Abbott & Costello films , Phantom of the Opera ( 1943 ) , the Francis the Talking Mule series and created the talking-horse TV series Mister Ed . A prominent director for Universal Pictures in the 1940s and 1950s , he is perhaps best known today as the man who gave Clint Eastwood his first contract in film .'}]}, {'value': 'Eagle Squadron , American volunteers in the RAF during the Battle of Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eagle_Squadron', 'summary': "The Eagle Squadrons were three fighter squadrons of the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) formed with volunteer pilots from the United States during the early days of World War II ( circa 1940 ) , prior to America 's entry into the war in December 1941 . With the United States still neutral , many Americans simply crossed the border and joined the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) to learn to fly and fight . Many early recruits had originally gone to Europe to fight for Finland against the Soviet Union in the Winter War . Some had been rejected by the United States Army Air Corps as lacking in intrinsic flying ability . Charles Sweeny , a wealthy businessman living in London , began recruiting American citizens to fight as a US volunteer detachment in the French Air Force , echoing the Lafayette Escadrille of World War I . Following the Fall of France in 1940 , a dozen of these recruits joined the RAF . Sweeny 's efforts were also coordinated in Canada by the World War I air ace Billy Bishop and the artist Clayton Knight , who formed the Clayton Knight Committee , which by the time the United States entered the war , had processed and approved 6,700 applications from Americans to join the RCAF or RAF . Sweeny and his rich society contacts bore the cost ( over $ 100,000 ) of processing and sending the men to the United Kingdom for training ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Britain', 'summary': "The Battle of Britain ( German : die Luftschlacht um England , the Air Battle for England ) was a military campaign of the Second World War , in which the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) defended the United Kingdom ( UK ) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany 's air force , the Luftwaffe . It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces . The British officially recognise the battle 's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940 , which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz , that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941 . German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941 , including the Blitz . The primary objective of the German forces was to compel Britain to agree to a negotiated peace settlement . In July 1940 , the air and sea blockade began , with the Luftwaffe mainly targeting coastal-shipping convoys , ports and shipping centres , such as Portsmouth . On 1 August , the Luftwaffe was directed to achieve air superiority over the RAF with the aim of incapacitating RAF Fighter Command ; 12 days later , it shifted the attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure . As the battle progressed , the Luftwaffe also targeted factories involved in aircraft production and strategic infrastructure . Eventually , it employed terror bombing on areas of political significance and on civilians . [ nb 9 ] The Germans had rapidly overwhelmed France and the Low Countries , leaving Britain to face the threat of invasion by sea . The German high command knew the difficulties of a seaborne attack and its impracticality while the Royal Navy controlled the English Channel and the North Sea . [ page needed ] On 16 July , Adolf Hitler ordered the preparation of Operation Sea Lion as a potential amphibious and airborne assault on Britain , to follow once the Luftwaffe had air superiority over the UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgian SSR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elusive Ian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isidor Annensky , Vladimir Petrov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Petrov_(director)', 'summary': 'Vladimir Petrov ( Russian : Владимир Михайлович Петров , 22 July 1896 - 7 January 1966 ) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter . He directed 24 films between 1928 and 1964 . Vladimir Petrov was awarded Stalin Prize five times : in 1941 ( twice ) , 1946 ( twice ) and 1950 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fear of the Fifth Column', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroyuki Yamamoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British and Chinese spies try to steal the projects of a Japanese airplane engine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The First of the Few ( Spitfire )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_First_of_the_Few', 'summary': "The First of the Few ( US title Spitfire ) is a 1942 British black-and-white biographical film produced and directed by Leslie Howard , who stars as R. J. Mitchell , the designer of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft . David Niven co-stars as a Royal Air Force officer and test pilot , a composite character that represents the pilots who flew Mitchell 's seaplanes and tested the Spitfire . The film depicts Mitchell 's strong work ethic in designing the Spitfire and his death . The film 's title alludes to Winston Churchill 's speech describing Battle of Britain aircrew , subsequently known as the Few : Never was so much owed by so many to so few . Leslie Howard 's portrayal of Mitchell has a special significance since Howard was killed when the Lisbon-to-London civilian airliner in which he was travelling was shot down by the Luftwaffe on 1 June 1943 . His death occurred only days before The First of the Few was released in the United States on 12 June 1943 , under the alternate title of Spitfire ."}]}, {'value': 'Leslie Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leslie_Howard_(actor)', 'summary': "Leslie Howard Steiner ( 3 April 1893 - 1 June 1943 ) was an English stage and film actor , director , and producer . He also wrote many stories and articles for The New York Times , The New Yorker , and Vanity Fair and was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s . Howard is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . He had roles in many other notable films , including Berkeley Square ( 1933 ) , Of Human Bondage ( 1934 ) , The Scarlet Pimpernel ( 1934 ) , The Petrified Forest ( 1936 ) , Pygmalion ( 1938 ) , Intermezzo ( 1939 ) , Pimpernel Smith ( 1941 ) , and The First of the Few ( 1942 ) . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for Berkeley Square and Pygmalion . Howard 's World War II activities included acting and filmmaking . He was active in anti-German propaganda and rumoured to have been involved with British or Allied Intelligence , sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death in 1943 when the Luftwaffe shot down BOAC Flight 777 over the Bay of Biscay ( in Cedeira , A Coruña ) , on which he was a passenger ."}]}, {'value': 'Development of the Spitfire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire', 'summary': "The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before , during , and after World War II . Many variants of the Spitfire were built , using several wing configurations , and it was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft . It was also the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war . The Spitfire continues to be popular among enthusiasts ; nearly 60 remain airworthy , and many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world . The Spitfire was designed as a short-range , high-performance interceptor aircraft by R. J. Mitchell , chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works , which operated as a subsidiary of Vickers-Armstrong from 1928 . Mitchell pushed the Spitfire 's distinctive elliptical wing with cutting-edge sunken rivets ( designed by Beverley Shenstone ) to have the thinnest possible cross-section , helping give the aircraft a higher top speed than several contemporary fighters , including the Hawker Hurricane . Mitchell continued to refine the design until his death in 1937 , whereupon his colleague Joseph Smith took over as chief designer , overseeing the Spitfire 's development through its multitude of variants . During the Battle of Britain , from July to October 1940 , the public perceived the Spitfire to be the main RAF fighter , though the more numerous Hurricane shouldered a greater proportion of the burden against Nazi Germany 's air force , the Luftwaffe . However , Spitfire units had a lower attrition rate and a higher victory-to-loss ratio than those flying Hurricanes because of the Spitfire 's higher performance . During the battle , Spitfires were generally tasked with engaging Luftwaffe fighters - mainly Messerschmitt Bf 109E-series aircraft , which were a close match for them . After the Battle of Britain , the Spitfire superseded the Hurricane to become the backbone of RAF Fighter Command , and saw action in the European , Mediterranean , Pacific , and South-East Asian theatres . Much loved by its pilots , the Spitfire served in several roles , including interceptor , photo-reconnaissance , fighter-bomber , and trainer , and it continued to serve in these roles until the 1950s ."}]}, {'value': 'United States United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flying Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flying_Fortress_(film)', 'summary': 'Flying Fortress is a 1942 British black-and-white war film drama from Warner Bros. Pictures , produced by A. H. Soloman , directed by Walter Forde , that stars Richard Greene and co-stars Carla Lehmann , Betty Stockfeld , and Donald Stewart . During the Blitz , an arrogant American pilot becomes increasingly committed to the Allied cause after ferrying B-17 bombers from Canada to England . After joining the Royal Canadian Air Force and being assigned to an RAF squadron , he finally takes part in a Flying Fortress bombing raid on Berlin .'}]}, {'value': 'Walter Forde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walter_Forde', 'summary': 'Walter Forde ( born Thomas Seymour Woolford , 21 April 1898 - 7 January 1984 ) was a British actor , screenwriter and director . Born in Lambeth , South London in 1898 , he directed over fifty films between 1919 from the silent era through to 1949 in the sound era He died in Los Angeles , California in 1984 .'}]}, {'value': 'B-17 bombers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress', 'summary': "The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is a four-engined heavy bomber developed in the 1930s for the United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) . Competing against Douglas and Martin for a contract to build 200 bombers , the Boeing entry ( prototype Model 299/XB-17 ) outperformed both competitors and exceeded the air corps ' performance specifications . Although Boeing lost the contract ( to the Douglas B-18 Bolo ) because the prototype crashed , the air corps ordered 13 more B-17s for further evaluation . From its introduction in 1938 , the B-17 Flying Fortress evolved through numerous design advances , becoming the third-most produced bomber of all time , behind the four-engined B-24 and the multirole , twin-engined Ju 88 . The B-17 was primarily employed by the USAAF in the daylight strategic bombing campaign of World War II against German industrial and military targets . The United States Eighth Air Force , based at many airfields in central , eastern and southern England , and the Fifteenth Air Force , based in Italy , complemented the RAF Bomber Command 's nighttime area bombing in the Combined Bomber Offensive to help secure air superiority over the cities , factories and battlefields of Western Europe in preparation for the invasion of France in 1944 . The B-17 also participated to a lesser extent in the War in the Pacific , early in World War II , where it conducted raids against Japanese shipping and airfields . From its prewar inception , the USAAC ( by June 1941 , the USAAF ) promoted the aircraft as a strategic weapon ; it was a relatively fast , high-flying , long-range bomber with heavy defensive armament at the expense of bombload . It developed a reputation for toughness based upon stories and photos of badly damaged B-17s safely returning to base . The B-17 dropped more bombs than any other U.S. aircraft in World War II . Of approximately 1.5 million tons of bombs dropped on Nazi Germany and its occupied territories by U.S. aircraft , over 640,000 tons were dropped from B-17s . In addition to its role as a bomber , the B-17 was also employed as a transport , antisubmarine aircraft , drone controller , and search-and-rescue aircraft ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Films made during the Second World War -- 1942', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_World_War_II_films_6', 'intro': 'This is a list of fictional feature films or miniseries which feature events of World War II in the narrative. There is a separate list of World War II TV series.'}
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Which company did the director of The Bugle Sounds begin his career ?
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Warner Bros.
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02966dee90a32148
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_European_Grand_Prix', 'title': '2000 European Grand Prix', 'header': ['Pos', 'No', 'Driver', 'Constructor', 'Time', 'Gap'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Coulthard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Coulthard', 'summary': "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_HighPerformanceEngines', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.529', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Schumacher', 'summary': "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.667', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.138', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mika Häkkinen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mika_Häkkinen', 'summary': "Mika Pauli Häkkinen ( Finnish : [ ˈmikɑ ˈhækːinen ] ( listen ) ; born 28 September 1968 ) , nicknamed The Flying Finn , is a Finnish former racing driver . He was the 1998 and 1999 Formula One World Champion , driving for McLaren and has been ranked among the greatest Formula One drivers in various motorsport polls . Häkkinen currently works in driver management and is a brand ambassador for various companies . Häkkinen began his career in karting at the age of five and achieved success by winning regional and national kart championships . He progressed to car racing when he entered the Formula Ford and Formula Three series in Italy and the United Kingdom . After success in the series , Häkkinen entered Formula One in 1991 with the Team Lotus where he remained until 1992 . The following year , he moved to McLaren as test driver before he was promoted to the race team following the departure of Michael Andretti . After four years which yielded minor success for Häkkinen , he scored his first Formula One victory in 1997 . He went on to win eight races of the 1998 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the season ending Japanese Grand Prix ; his success also helped McLaren secure the World Constructors ' Championship . Häkkinen repeated his World Championship success in 1999 , taking five victories . He finished as runner-up in the Drivers ' Championship in 2000 , behind Michael Schumacher and secured two more victories in 2001 before announcing a sabbatical from the sport , which became full-time retirement in mid-2002 . For 2005 , he moved to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ( DTM ) series , where he secured his first victory that year ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_HighPerformanceEngines', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.785', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.256', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rubens Barrichello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello', 'summary': "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.227', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.698', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralf Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher', 'summary': "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ."}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.515', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jarno Trulli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jarno_Trulli', 'summary': "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Mugen-Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports', 'summary': "Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co. , Ltd ) ( 無限 ) is a Japanese company formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda , the son of Honda Motor Company founder Soichiro Honda , and Masao Kimura . Mugen , meaning Without Limit , Unlimited or Vast , ( hence the commonly placed word Power after , denoting Unlimited Power ) is an engine tuner and parts manufacturer that manufactures OEM parts such as body kits and sports exhausts for Honda Motor Company . Despite the family connections , however , Mugen is not , and has never been , owned by Honda Motor Company ; Mugen owner Hirotoshi Honda has been the biggest shareholder in Honda since his father 's death in 1991 . The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship , and , additionally , sells aftermarket parts to amateur enthusiasts . It was part of partnerships that won the Formula 3000 championship in 1990 and 1991 , and that eventually led to Mugen 's involvement in Formula One , from 1992 to 2000 , and up to 2005 was the exclusive supplier of Formula Nippon engines ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.612', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.083', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giancarlo Fisichella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella', 'summary': "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Benetton - Playlife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benetton_Formula', 'summary': 'Benetton Formula Ltd. , commonly referred to simply as Benetton , was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001 . The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name . In 2000 , the team was purchased by Renault , but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons . In 2002 , the team became Renault F1 . The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Playlife', 'summary': "Playlife is a fashion company based in Treviso , Italy . The company is owned by the Benetton family and is the sporting label of the clothes manufacturer . Playlife put their name to the engine supply of Formula One team Benetton 's cars from 1998 to 2000 . Playlife engines were re-badged Renault engines that had been acquired by Mecachrome in 1998 and Supertec in 1999 and 2000 . Other teams ran the same engines but kept the Mecachrome/Supertec name such as Williams , Arrows and BAR ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.697', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.168', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Irvine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Irvine', 'summary': "Edmund Irvine Jr. ( born 10 November 1965 ) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland . He competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2002 , and finished runner-up in the 1999 World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Scuderia Ferrari . He began his career at the age of seventeen when he entered the Formula Ford Championship , achieving early success , before progressing to the Formula Three and Formula 3000 Championships . He made his Formula One debut in 1993 with Jordan Grand Prix , where he achieved early notoriety for his involvement in incidents on and off the track . He scored his first podium in 1995 with Jordan , before moving to Ferrari in 1996 . His most successful season was in 1999 when he took four victories and challenged McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen for the World Championship . He moved to Jaguar Racing in 2000 , scoring the team 's first podium in 2001 and his final podium in 2002 . Irvine retired from competitive motorsport at the end of the 2002 season . Since retiring , Irvine became a media personality in Great Britain . He was linked with the takeover of the Jordan and Minardi Formula One teams in 2005 , but talks came to nothing . Irvine also expanded his interests in the property market , having built up an investment portfolio during his racing career ."}]}, {'value': 'Jaguar - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaguar_Racing', 'summary': "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:18.703', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.174', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacques Villeneuve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve', 'summary': "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ."}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.742', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.213', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heinz-Harald Frentzen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heinz-Harald_Frentzen', 'summary': "Heinz-Harald Frentzen ( born 18 May 1967 ) , nicknamed HHF , is a German former racing driver . He finished runner-up in the 1997 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Williams ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Mugen-Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports', 'summary': "Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co. , Ltd ) ( 無限 ) is a Japanese company formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda , the son of Honda Motor Company founder Soichiro Honda , and Masao Kimura . Mugen , meaning Without Limit , Unlimited or Vast , ( hence the commonly placed word Power after , denoting Unlimited Power ) is an engine tuner and parts manufacturer that manufactures OEM parts such as body kits and sports exhausts for Honda Motor Company . Despite the family connections , however , Mugen is not , and has never been , owned by Honda Motor Company ; Mugen owner Hirotoshi Honda has been the biggest shareholder in Honda since his father 's death in 1991 . The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship , and , additionally , sells aftermarket parts to amateur enthusiasts . It was part of partnerships that won the Formula 3000 championship in 1990 and 1991 , and that eventually led to Mugen 's involvement in Formula One , from 1992 to 2000 , and up to 2005 was the exclusive supplier of Formula Nippon engines ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.830', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.301', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jenson Button', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jenson_Button', 'summary': "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ."}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.887', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.358', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro de la Rosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Rosa', 'summary': 'Pedro Martínez de la Rosa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpeðɾo ðe la ˈrosa ] ; born 24 February 1971 ) is a Spanish former Formula One driver who has participated in 107 Grands Prix for the Arrows , Jaguar , McLaren , Sauber and HRT teams , debuting on 7 March 1999 , becoming one of very few drivers to score a point at his first race . He has scored a total of 35 championship points , which includes a podium finish at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix . On 21 November 2011 , De la Rosa signed a two-year contract to drive for the HRT F1 team , but he only remained with the team for one season , after HRT withdrew from the 2013 team list , leaving him without a drive for the 2013 season . On 16 January 2013 , De la Rosa was announced as the Ferrari development driver for the 2013 Formula One season . De la Rosa , along with Michael Schumacher was the last F1 driver that had raced in the sport in the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Arrows - Supertec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International', 'summary': 'Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Supertec', 'summary': "Supertec was a brand of Formula One engines supplied by Dutch company Super Performance Competition Engineering BV , managed by Flavio Briatore and Bruno Michel . Supertec engines were updated 1998 Renault RS9 units , built by Mecachrome . In May 1998 Super Performance Competition Engineering signed an exclusive distribution agreement with Mecachrome to begin in the 1999 season . The engines were purchased and rebadged as Supertec . Supertecs powered Williams , Benetton and BAR in 1999 , and Benetton and Arrows in 2000 . The Benetton team rebadged the engines as Playlife . After the 2000 season , Supertec were collapsed due to financial problems and thus Renault Sport F1 bought Supertec 's assets in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.495', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EX', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Heidfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld', 'summary': 'Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E .'}]}, {'value': 'Prost - Peugeot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'Prost Grand Prix was a Formula One racing team owned and managed by four-time Formula One world champion Alain Prost . The team participated in five seasons from 1997 to 2001 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peugeot', 'summary': "Peugeot ( UK : /ˈpɜːʒoʊ/ , US : /p ( j ) uːˈʒoʊ/ ( listen ) , French : [ pøʒo ] ) is a French automotive manufacturer , part of Groupe PSA . The family business that preceded the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810 in France , and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles . On 20 November 1858 , Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot built the company 's first car , an unreliable steam tricycle , in collaboration with Léon Serpollet in 1889 ; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard-Daimler engine . Due to family discord , Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot , in 1896 . The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux , France . Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there . In February 2014 , the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan for Groupe PSA , in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company . Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles , including five European Car of the Year awards . In 2013 and 2014 , Peugeot ranked the second lowest for average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe , the Renault car maker group being ranked first , with 114.9g CO2/km . Peugeot is known as a very reliable brand , citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in Africa and Cuba in the 2010s , where Peugeot is called the lion . Peugeot has been involved successfully in motor sport for more than a century ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.618', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jos Verstappen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jos_Verstappen', 'summary': 'Johannes Franciscus Jos Verstappen ( born 4 March 1972 ) is a Dutch former racing driver . After his F1 career Jos Verstappen has won races in A1 Grand Prix and Le Mans Series LMP2 races ( winning the 24 hours of Le Mans LMP2 class in 2008 ) . Prior to his F1 debut in 1994 , he was also the German Formula Three champion and Masters of Formula Three winner in 1993 . Jos was considered the most successful Dutch F1 racing driver before he retired and began mentoring his son Max in Formula 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Arrows - Supertec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International', 'summary': 'Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Supertec', 'summary': "Supertec was a brand of Formula One engines supplied by Dutch company Super Performance Competition Engineering BV , managed by Flavio Briatore and Bruno Michel . Supertec engines were updated 1998 Renault RS9 units , built by Mecachrome . In May 1998 Super Performance Competition Engineering signed an exclusive distribution agreement with Mecachrome to begin in the 1999 season . The engines were purchased and rebadged as Supertec . Supertecs powered Williams , Benetton and BAR in 1999 , and Benetton and Arrows in 2000 . The Benetton team rebadged the engines as Playlife . After the 2000 season , Supertec were collapsed due to financial problems and thus Renault Sport F1 bought Supertec 's assets in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.190', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.661', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Wurz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Wurz', 'summary': "Alexander Wurz ( born 15 February 1974 ) is an Austrian former professional racing driver , driver training expert and businessman . He competed in Formula One from 1997 until 2007 , and is also a two-time winner of the Le Mans 24 Hours . He is currently under contract to race for the Toyota factory racing team in the WEC ( World Endurance Championship ) . In Formula 1 , he is a commentator for TV and media , as well as being Williams F1 Team 's driver coach , [ citation needed ] chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association , and occasionally a driver steward ."}]}, {'value': 'Benetton - Playlife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benetton_Formula', 'summary': 'Benetton Formula Ltd. , commonly referred to simply as Benetton , was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001 . The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name . In 2000 , the team was purchased by Renault , but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons . In 2002 , the team became Renault F1 . The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Playlife', 'summary': "Playlife is a fashion company based in Treviso , Italy . The company is owned by the Benetton family and is the sporting label of the clothes manufacturer . Playlife put their name to the engine supply of Formula One team Benetton 's cars from 1998 to 2000 . Playlife engines were re-badged Renault engines that had been acquired by Mecachrome in 1998 and Supertec in 1999 and 2000 . Other teams ran the same engines but kept the Mecachrome/Supertec name such as Williams , Arrows and BAR ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.378', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.849', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro Diniz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Diniz', 'summary': "Pedro Paulo Falleiros dos Santos Diniz ( born 22 May 1970 ) is a Brazilian businessman and former racing driver . Diniz began karting at the age of eighteen and achieved minor success , before progressing to car racing in the Brazilian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Forti for the 1995 season . The following year he switched to Ligier and moved to Arrows for 1997 . In 1998 , he finished 14th in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently moved to Sauber for 1999 . He left Sauber after the 2000 season and bought a share in the Prost team , which folded a year later . Since leaving motorsport , Diniz founded the Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship which he ran from 2002 and 2006 , later becoming a partner in Pão de Açúcar and operates an organic produce and dairy farm alongside his wife Tatiana Diniz . He is a Board Member of Food Tank , a non-profit organization that spotlights environmentally , socially , and economically sustainable ways of alleviating hunger , obesity , and poverty and works to create networks of people , organizations , and content to push for food system change . Diniz was considered a pay driver during his career due to his family backing , but he scored ten points during his Formula One career while most pay drivers did not score any ."}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.422', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.893', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Herbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Herbert', 'summary': 'John Paul Johnny Herbert ( born 25 June 1964 ) is a retired British racing driver and television announcer . He raced in Formula One from 1989 to 2000 , for 7 different teams , winning three races and placed 4th in the 1995 championship . He also raced sports cars winning the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1991 driving a Mazda 787B . He enjoyed much success in lower-level motor racing .'}]}, {'value': 'Jaguar - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaguar_Racing', 'summary': "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.638', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.109', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean Alesi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Alesi', 'summary': "Jean Alesi ( born Giovanni Alesi ; 11 June 1964 ) is a French racing driver of Italian origin . His father , Franco , was a mechanic from Alcamo , Sicily , and his mother was from Riesi . After successes in the minor categories , notably winning the 1989 Formula 3000 Championship , his Formula One career included spells at Tyrrell , Benetton , Sauber , Prost , Jordan and Ferrari , where he proved very popular among the tifosi . During his spell at Ferrari from 1991 to 1995 , his aggressive driving style , combined with the use of the number 27 on his car , led some journalists , and the tifosi , to compare him to Gilles Villeneuve and he won the 1995 Canadian Grand Prix , but this proved to be the only win of his Formula One career . During his time in Formula One , Alesi was particularly good in the wet , and was a mercurial and passionate racer , whose emotions sometimes got the better of him . After leaving Formula One , from 2002 to 2006 Alesi raced in the DTM championship , winning some races , and his best result was a fifth place in the drivers ' championship . He raced in the Speedcar Series in 2008 and 2009 , and raced at Le Mans in 2010 . He raced in the Indianapolis 500 in 2012 and became the oldest professional driver to perform the rookie test for admission to the competition . For several years he was also a commentator for the Italian TV show Pole Position . In 2006 Alesi was awarded Chevalier de la Légion dhonneur ."}]}, {'value': 'Prost - Peugeot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'Prost Grand Prix was a Formula One racing team owned and managed by four-time Formula One world champion Alain Prost . The team participated in five seasons from 1997 to 2001 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peugeot', 'summary': "Peugeot ( UK : /ˈpɜːʒoʊ/ , US : /p ( j ) uːˈʒoʊ/ ( listen ) , French : [ pøʒo ] ) is a French automotive manufacturer , part of Groupe PSA . The family business that preceded the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810 in France , and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles . On 20 November 1858 , Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot built the company 's first car , an unreliable steam tricycle , in collaboration with Léon Serpollet in 1889 ; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard-Daimler engine . Due to family discord , Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot , in 1896 . The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux , France . Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there . In February 2014 , the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan for Groupe PSA , in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company . Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles , including five European Car of the Year awards . In 2013 and 2014 , Peugeot ranked the second lowest for average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe , the Renault car maker group being ranked first , with 114.9g CO2/km . Peugeot is known as a very reliable brand , citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in Africa and Cuba in the 2010s , where Peugeot is called the lion . Peugeot has been involved successfully in motor sport for more than a century ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.651', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.122', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricardo Zonta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Zonta', 'summary': 'Ricardo Luiz Zonta ( born March 23 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian professional racing driver .'}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.766', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.237', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mika Salo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mika_Salo', 'summary': 'Mika Juhani Salo ( born 30 November 1966 ) is a Finnish former professional racing driver . He competed in Formula One between 1994 and 2002 . His best ranking was 10th in the world championship in 1999 , when he stood in for the injured Michael Schumacher at Ferrari for six races , scoring two podiums . He also won the GT2 class in the 2008 and 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans .'}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.814', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.285', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Qualifying -- Qualifying classification', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2000_European_Grand_Prix_0', 'intro': "The 2000 European Grand Prix (officially the XLIV Warsteiner Grand Prix d'Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 May 2000 at the Nürburgring in the German town of Nürburg in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. 142,000 spectators attended the event. It was the sixth round of the 2000 Formula One World Championship and the ninth edition of the event as a standalone race. The 67-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from second place. Mika Häkkinen of the McLaren team finished in second and his teammate David Coulthard was third. Coulthard won the ninth pole position of his career by recording the fastest lap in qualifying. His teammate Häkkinen made a brisk getaway from third to take the lead into the first corner. He led the first ten laps until Michael Schumacher overtook him on lap 11. Heavy rain on lap 12 prompted the entire field to make pit stops and switch from the dry compound tyres to the wet-weather tyres. Michael Schumacher continued to lead until his second pit stop on lap 36, relinquishing the position to Häkkinen for the following nine laps, after which the Ferrari driver regained the position. Michael Schumacher won the race, with Häkkinen 13.822 seconds behind in second, and Coulthard one lap adrift in third. It was Schumacher's second victory at the Nürburgring, his fourth of the season, and the 39th of his career."}
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What job did the driver that finished fastest in the qualifying classification of the 2000 European Grand Prix do after retiring from driving ?
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presenter , commentator and journalist
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02967ad5b18dd4a4
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimania', 'title': 'Wikimania', 'header': ['Conference', 'Date', 'Place', 'Attendance', 'Archive of presentations'], 'data': [{'value': 'Wikimania 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 4-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frankfurt , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankfurt', 'summary': "Frankfurt ( officially : Frankfurt am Main ( German : [ ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] ( listen ) ; Hessian : Frangford am Maa ; lit . Frank ford on the [ a ] Main ) ) is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse , and its 746,878 ( 2017 ) inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city in Germany . On the River Main ( a tributary of the Rhine ) , it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring city of Offenbach am Main , and its urban area has a population of 2.3 million . The city is at the centre of the larger Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region , which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany 's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr Region . Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013 , the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km ( 25 mi ) to the east of Frankfurt 's central business district . Like France and Franconia , the city is named after the Franks . Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area ( Franconian dialects ) , Frankfurt was one of the host cities of the official tournaments of the 1974 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Frankfurt was a city state , the Free City of Frankfurt , for nearly five centuries , and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire , as a site of imperial coronations ; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806 and then permanently in 1866 , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia . It has been part of the federal state of Hesse since 1945 . Frankfurt is culturally , ethnically , and religiously diverse , with half of its population , and a majority of young people , having a migration background . A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals , including many expatriates . Frankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce , culture , education , tourism and transportation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '380', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'slides , video', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 4-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cambridge , Mass . , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Cambridge ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij ) is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , and part of the Boston metropolitan area . As of July 2014 [ update ] , it was the fifth most populous city in the state , behind Boston , Worcester , Springfield , and Lowell . According to the 2010 Census , the city 's population was 105,162. was one of two county seats of Middlesex County until the county government was abolished in Massachusetts in 1997 . Situated directly north of Boston , across the Charles River , it was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England , an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town 's founders . :18 Harvard University , the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , Lesley University , and Hult International Business School are in Cambridge , as was Radcliffe College before it merged with Harvard . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called the most innovative square mile on the planet due to the high concentration of successful startups that have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'slides and papers , video', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 3-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taipei , Taiwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taipei', 'summary': "Taipei ( /ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/ ) , officially Taipei City , [ I ] is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan ( officially the Republic of China , ROC ) . Located in northern Taiwan , Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about 25 km ( 16 mi ) southwest of the northern port city Keelung . Most of the city lies on the Taipei Basin , an ancient lakebed . The basin is bounded by the relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers , which join to form the Tamsui River along the city 's western border . The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,646,204 ( 2019 ) , forming the core part of the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area , which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559 , the 40th most-populous urban area in the world - roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district . The name Taipei can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper . Taipei is the political , economic , educational , and cultural center of Taiwan and one of the major hubs in East Asia . Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha City by GaWC , Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area . Railways , highways , airports , and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island . The city is served by two airports - Songshan and Taoyuan . Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks , which include Taipei 101 , Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall , Dalongdong Baoan Temple , Hsing Tian Kong , Lungshan Temple of Manka , National Palace Museum , Presidential Office Building , Taipei Guest House , Ximending , and several night markets dispersed throughout the city . Natural features such as Maokong , Yangmingshan , and hot springs are also well known to international visitors ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '440', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commons gallery', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 17-19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandria , Egypt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandria', 'summary': 'Alexandria ( /ˌælɪɡˈzændriə/ or /-ˈzɑːnd-/ ; Arabic : الإسكندرية al-ʾIskandariyya ; Egyptian Arabic : اسكندرية Eskendereyya ; Coptic : ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote , Greek : Αλεξάνδρεια Alexandria ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic center . With a population of 5,200,000 , Alexandria is the largest city on the Mediterranean , the sixth-largest city in the Arab world and the ninth-largest in Africa . The city extends about 40 km ( 25 mi ) at the northern coast of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea . Alexandria is a popular tourist destination , and also an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez . Alexandria was founded in c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great , king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth , during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire . An Egyptian village named Rhacotis existed at the location and grew into the Egyptian quarter of Alexandria . Alexandria grew rapidly to become an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years , until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641 , when a new capital was founded at Fustat ( later absorbed into Cairo ) . Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria ( Pharos ) , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ; its Great Library ( the largest in the ancient world ) ; and the Necropolis , one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages . Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient Mediterranean world for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity . It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by Rome . The city was a major center of early Christianity and was the center of the Patriarchate of Alexandria , which was one of the major centers of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire . In the modern world , the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria both lay claim to this ancient heritage .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Egypt', 'summary': "Egypt ( /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ( listen ) EE-jipt ; Arabic : مِصر Miṣr , Egyptian Arabic : مَصر Maṣr , Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip ( Palestine ) and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia , and across the Mediterranean lie Greece , Turkey and Cyprus , although none share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest . Egypt 's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and often assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman Turkish , and Nubian . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century , Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers : The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire . Modern Egypt dates back to 1922 , when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy . However , British military occupation of Egypt continued , and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation , nationalized the British-held Suez Canal , exiled King Farouk and his family , and declared itself a republic ."}]}, {'value': '650', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'abstracts , slides , video', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 26-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buenos Aires , Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buenos_Aires', 'summary': "Buenos Aires ( /ˌbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /-ˈaɪrɪs/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes ] ) is the capital and largest city of Argentina . The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata , on the South American continent 's southeastern coast . Buenos Aires can be translated as fair winds or good airs , but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century , by the use of the original name Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre , named after the Madonna of Bonaria in Sardinia . The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation , which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts , constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas , with a population of around 15.6 million . The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province 's capital ; rather , it is an autonomous district . In 1880 , after decades of political infighting , Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province . The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores ; both are now neighborhoods of the city . The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy , hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ; CABA ) . Its citizens first elected a chief of government ( i.e . mayor ) in 1996 ; previously , the mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic . Buenos Aires ' quality of life was ranked 91st in the world in 2018 , being one of the best in Latin America . In 2012 , it was the most visited city in South America , and the second-most visited city of Latin America ( behind Mexico City ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Argentina', 'summary': "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ."}]}, {'value': '559', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'slides , video', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 9-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gdańsk , Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gdańsk', 'summary': "Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ , also US : /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ , Polish : [ ɡdaj̃sk ] ( listen ) ; Kashubian : Gduńsk ; German : Danzig [ ˈdantsɪç ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland . With a population of 468,158 , Gdańsk is the capital and largest city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and one of the most prominent cities within the cultural and geographical region of Kashubia . It is Poland 's principal seaport and the centre of the country 's fourth-largest metropolitan area . The city is situated on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay on the Baltic Sea , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia , the resort town of Sopot , and suburban communities ; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity ( Trójmiasto ) , with a population approaching 1.4 million . Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River , connected to the Leniwka , a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River , which drains 60 percent of Poland and connects Gdańsk with the Polish capital , Warsaw . Together with the nearby port of Gdynia , Gdańsk is also a notable industrial centre . The city 's history is complex , with periods of Polish , Prussian and German rule , and periods of autonomy or self-rule as a free city state . In the early-modern age , Gdańsk was a royal city of Poland . It was considered the wealthiest and the largest city of Poland , before the 18th century rapid growth of Warsaw . In the late Middle Ages it was an important seaport and shipbuilding town and , in the 14th and 15th centuries , a member of the Hanseatic League . In the interwar period , owing to its multi-ethnic make-up and history , Gdańsk lay in a disputed region between Poland and Germany , which became known as the Polish Corridor . The city 's ambiguous political status was exploited , furthering tension between the two countries , which would ultimately culminate in the Invasion of Poland and the first clash of the Second World War just outside the city limits , followed by the flight and expulsion of the majority of the previous population in 1945 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': 'about 500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'slides', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 4-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haifa , Israel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haifa', 'summary': "Haifa ( Hebrew : חֵיפָה Ḥefa [ χeˈfa ] ; Arabic : حيفا Ḥayfa ) is the third-largest city in Israel - after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv - with a population of 283,640 in 2018 . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area , the second- or third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel . It is home to the Baháʼí World Centre , and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrims . Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel , the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years . The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam , a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age ( 14th century BCE ) . In the 3rd century CE , Haifa was known as a dye-making center . Over the millennia , the Haifa area has changed hands : being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites , Israelites , Phoenicians , Persians , Hasmoneans , Romans , Byzantines , Arabs , Crusaders , Ottomans , and the British . Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 , the Haifa Municipality has governed the city . As of 2016 [ update ] , the city is a major seaport located on Israel 's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 square kilometres ( 24.6 sq mi ) . It lies about 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel . According to researcher Jonathan Kis-Lev , Haifa is considered a relative haven for coexistence between Jews and Arabs . Two respected academic institutions , the University of Haifa and the Technion , are located in Haifa , in addition to the largest K-12 school in Israel , the Hebrew Reali School ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Israel', 'summary': "Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 ."}]}, {'value': '720', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , video', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 12-15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington , D.C. , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington,_D.C.', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '1,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 7-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong , China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hong_Kong', 'summary': "Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index ."}, {'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 6-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London , United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '1,762', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 15-19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico City , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 21-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esino Lario , Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esino_Lario', 'summary': "Esino Lario ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈeːzino ˈlaːrjo ] ; Lecchese : Esin [ ˈeːzĩ ] ; locally Isen [ ˈiːzẽ ] ) is a municipality ( comune ) of the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy . It is about 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) north of Milan , 15 kilometres ( 9.3 mi ) northwest of Lecco , and about 4.3 kilometres ( 2.7 mi ) from the eastern shore of Lake Como . The area around Esino Lario is surrounded by Alpine mountains , where the karst landscape has produced sink-holes and caves , including the Icebox of Moncodeno . The municipality is part of the Mountain Community of Valsassina , Valvarrone , Val d'Esino and Riviera and is entirely within the Regional Park of Northern Grigna ( Parco delle Grigna Settentrionale ) . Esino Lario borders the municipalities of Cortenova , Lierna , Mandello del Lario , Parlasco , Pasturo , Perledo , Primaluna , Taceno , and Varenna ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 9-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal , Quebec , Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 18-22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cape Town , South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Town', 'summary': "Cape Town ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad ) [ ˈkɑːpstat ] ; Xhosa : iKapa ; Khoi-San : //Hui ! Gaeb ) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa . Colloquially named the Mother City , it is the largest city of the Western Cape province . It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality , The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town . The other two capitals are located in Pretoria ( the executive capital where the Presidency is based ) and Bloemfontein ( the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located ) . The city is known for its harbour , for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region , and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point . Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape 's population . The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design . In 2014 , Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. , Cape Town was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Located on the shore of Table Bay , Cape Town , as the oldest urban area in South Africa , was developed by the United East India Company ( VOC ) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa , India , and the Far East . Jan van Riebeeck 's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony , the first permanent European settlement in South Africa . Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope , becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony . Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg , Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'over 700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikimania 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 14-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm , Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'over 800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'presentations , videos', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Overview', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Wikimania_0', 'intro': 'Wikimania is the official annual conference of the Wikimedia Foundation. Topics of presentations and discussions include Wikimedia projects such as Wikipedia, other wikis, open-source software, free knowledge and free content, and social and technical aspects related to these topics. Since 2011, the winner of the Wikimedian of the Year award has been announced at Wikimania. The next Wikimania will happen in Bangkok, Thailand on August 5-9, 2020.'}
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What is the Arabic name of the country that hosted the event with 650 people in attendence ?
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مَصر
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02972ee67f35278b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_alumni', 'title': 'List of University of Texas at Austin alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Class Year ( s )', 'Degree ( s )', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mark Aguhar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Aguhar', 'summary': 'Mark C. Aguhar ( May 16 , 1987 - March 12 , 2012 ) was an activist , writer and multimedia fine artist known for her multidisciplinary work about gender , beauty and existing as a racial minority , while being body positive and transgender femme-identified . Aguhar was made famous by her Tumblr blog that questioned the mainstream representation of the glossy glorification of the gay white male body .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fine Art', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Artist and activist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalia Anciso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Anciso', 'summary': 'Natalia Anciso ( born March 25 , 1985 ) is an American Chicana-Tejana contemporary artist and educator . Her artwork focuses primarily on issues involving Identity , especially as it pertains to her experiences growing up along the U.S.-Mexico Border , via visual art and installation art . Her more recent work covers topics related to education , human rights , and social justice , which is informed by her experience as an urban educator in the San Francisco Bay Area . She is a native of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas and currently lives and works in Oakland , California .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary artist and educator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stacy Barnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_John_Goosey_and_Stacy_Barnett', 'summary': 'The murder of John Forest Johnny Goosey and Stacy Marie Barnett occurred on July 21 , 2009 in the West Campus area of Austin , Texas , when a man ( James Richard Ricky Thompson Jr. ) , who had two accomplices , shot to death two recent graduates from the University of Texas at Austin who originated from the Greater Houston area . This event is sometimes called the West Campus murders . Police stated that the murder was the result of a drug deal debt . The murder resulted in media attention on the marijuana trade among young , college-educated people .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BSc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}]}, {'value': 'Victim in the West Campus murders in 2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_John_Goosey_and_Stacy_Barnett', 'summary': 'The murder of John Forest Johnny Goosey and Stacy Marie Barnett occurred on July 21 , 2009 in the West Campus area of Austin , Texas , when a man ( James Richard Ricky Thompson Jr. ) , who had two accomplices , shot to death two recent graduates from the University of Texas at Austin who originated from the Greater Houston area . This event is sometimes called the West Campus murders . Police stated that the murder was the result of a drug deal debt . The murder resulted in media attention on the marijuana trade among young , college-educated people .'}]}, {'value': 'Nancy Lee Bass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Lee_Bass', 'summary': "Nancy Lee Bass ( 1917-2013 ) was an American philanthropist . She was known as the 'First Lady of Fort Worth , Texas . '"}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philanthropist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Lee Bergstrom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Lee_Bergstrom', 'summary': 'William Lee Bergstrom ( 1951 - February 4 , 1985 born in Austin , Texas ) commonly known as The Suitcase Man or Phantom Gambler , was a gambler and high roller known for placing the largest bet in casino gambling history at the time amounting to $ 777,000 ( $ 2.41 million present day amount ) at the Horseshoe Casino , which he won . Bergstrom returned to the Horseshoe three years later in 1984 and placed several additional bets , including a $ 1 million bet ( $ 2.46 million present day value ) which he lost . This bet remains as one of the largest bets ever placed against a casino .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gambler and high roller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gambler', 'summary': 'Gambling ( also known as betting ) is the wagering of money or something of value ( referred to as the stakes ) on an event with an uncertain outcome , with the primary intent of winning money or material goods . Gambling thus requires three elements to be present : consideration ( an amount wagered ) , risk ( chance ) , and a prize . The outcome of the wager is often immediate , such as a single roll of dice , a spin of a roulette wheel , or a horse crossing the finish line , but longer time frames are also common , allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season . The term gaming in this context typically refers to instances in which the activity has been specifically permitted by law . The two words are not mutually exclusive ; i.e. , a gaming company offers ( legal ) gambling activities to the public and may be regulated by one of many gaming control boards , for example , the Nevada Gaming Control Board . However , this distinction is not universally observed in the English-speaking world . For instance , in the United Kingdom , the regulator of gambling activities is called the Gambling Commission ( not the Gaming Commission ) . The word gaming is used more frequently since the rise of computer and video games to describe activities that do not necessarily involve wagering , especially online gaming , with the new usage still not having displaced the old usage as the primary definition in common dictionaries . Gaming has also been used to circumvent laws against gambling . The media and others have used one term or the other to frame conversations around the subjects , resulting in a shift of perceptions among their audiences . Gambling is also a major international commercial activity , with the legal gambling market totaling an estimated $ 335 billion in 2009 . In other forms , gambling can be conducted with materials which have a value , but are not real money .'}, {'url': '/wiki/High_roller', 'summary': "A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who consistently wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish comps from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers . The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between AUD $ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of AUD $ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US $ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US $ 500,000 . Only casinos with substantial financial firepower can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the volatility of results . High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking . High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino business . John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Brushwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Brushwood', 'summary': 'Brian Allen Brushwood ( born January 17 , 1975 ) is an American magician , podcaster , author , lecturer , YouTuber and comedian . Brushwood is known for the series Scam School , a show where he teaches the audience entertaining tricks at bars so they can scam a free drink . The show also claims to be the only show dedicated to social engineering at the bar and on the street . In addition to Scam School , Brushwood co-hosts the podcasts Weird Things with Andrew Mayne and Justin Robert Young , Cordkillers with Tom Merritt , and Night Attack with Young . Brushwood was also a regular guest on the This Week in Tech podcast . Brushwood performs his Bizarre Magic stage show across the United States and is the author of six books . Brushwood also co-hosts a YouTube show along with Jason Murphy called The Modern Rogue . Brushwood has appeared on national television numerous times including on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno , CNN and Food Network .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plan II honors program', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magician , podcaster , author , lecturer , known for Scam School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Darnell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Darnell_(artist)', 'summary': 'Thomas Darnell ( February 2 , 1958 ) is an American artist known for his oil paintings of figurative landscapes and flowers .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary artist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monique Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monique_Evans_(Miss_Texas)', 'summary': 'Monique Evans ( born January 17 , 1992 ) is an American beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Texas 2014 and Miss Florida USA 2020 . She represented Texas at Miss America 2015 and placed in the top sixteen , and will represent Florida at Miss USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nutritional Science and Pre-Med major', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miss Texas 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Texas', 'summary': "The Miss Texas competition was founded in 1937 as a scholarship contest for young women . The winner represents Texas in the Miss America pageant ; three winners have gone on to be crowned Miss America ( but none since 1975 ) . To become Miss Texas , a contestant must first win a local competition . A young woman may compete at the local and state level more than once , but may only compete in the national Miss America competition one time . Hundreds of women participate each year in the local pageants , culminating in the selection of local finalists who compete for the Miss Texas title each July . The state pageant was held in Fort Worth for 36 years before relocating to the University of Texas at Arlington 's Texas Hall in 2009 . In 2012 , the pageant moved to the Allen Event Center in suburban Collin County . In 2014 the Miss Texas pageant began being held at the Eisemann Center for Performing Arts in Richardson , Texas . In 2010 , Miss Texas celebrated its 75th anniversary , and Randy Pruett wrote a book , A Dream as Big as Texas , to document the stories of the 75 women that were crowned Miss Texas . Chandler Foreman of Pearland was crowned Miss Texas 2019 on June 29 , 2019 at Eisemann Center in Richardson , Texas . She will compete for the title of Miss America 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Richard Fowler', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member and president of the Texas State Board of Pharmacy ( 1967-1973 ) ; local politician in Memphis , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Memphis,_Texas', 'summary': 'Memphis is a city and the county seat of Hall County , Texas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,290 .'}]}, {'value': 'Richard Garriott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Garriott', 'summary': 'Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux ( né Garriott ; born July 4 , 1961 ) is an English-American video-game developer and entrepreneur . Garriott , who is the son of NASA astronaut Owen Garriott , was originally a game designer and programmer , and is now involved in a number of aspects of computer-game development . On October 12 , 2008 , Richard flew aboard the Soyuz TMA-13 mission to the International Space Station as a private astronaut , returning 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12 . He became the second astronaut , and first from the U.S. , to have a parent who was also a space traveler . Garriott founded the video game development company Portalarium in 2009 . He is currently CEO and creative director of Shroud of the Avatar : Forsaken Virtues .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Video game programmer and spaceflight participant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spaceflight_participant', 'summary': "Space flight participant ( Russian : участник космического полёта , romanized : uchastnik kosmicheskogo polyota ) is the term used by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the Russian Federal Space Agency ( RKA ) , [ citation needed ] and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) for people who travel into space , but who are not professional astronauts . While the term gained new prominence with the rise of space tourism , it has also been used for participants in programs like NASA 's Teacher in Space and astronauts designated by inter-government agreements like the Angkasawan program and the Korean Astronaut Program . Other terms used for space travelers who are not career astronauts include NASA 's Payload Specialist and the RKA 's Researcher-Cosmonaut ."}]}, {'value': 'John Goosey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_John_Goosey_and_Stacy_Barnett', 'summary': 'The murder of John Forest Johnny Goosey and Stacy Marie Barnett occurred on July 21 , 2009 in the West Campus area of Austin , Texas , when a man ( James Richard Ricky Thompson Jr. ) , who had two accomplices , shot to death two recent graduates from the University of Texas at Austin who originated from the Greater Houston area . This event is sometimes called the West Campus murders . Police stated that the murder was the result of a drug deal debt . The murder resulted in media attention on the marijuana trade among young , college-educated people .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Victim in the West Campus murders in 2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_John_Goosey_and_Stacy_Barnett', 'summary': 'The murder of John Forest Johnny Goosey and Stacy Marie Barnett occurred on July 21 , 2009 in the West Campus area of Austin , Texas , when a man ( James Richard Ricky Thompson Jr. ) , who had two accomplices , shot to death two recent graduates from the University of Texas at Austin who originated from the Greater Houston area . This event is sometimes called the West Campus murders . Police stated that the murder was the result of a drug deal debt . The murder resulted in media attention on the marijuana trade among young , college-educated people .'}]}, {'value': 'Susybelle Lyons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'c. 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Degree not available', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Socialite and philanthropist from Shreveport , Louisiana ; active in Young Women 's Christian Association Family Violence Program and patron of the arts", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Shreveport ( /ˈʃriːvpɔːrt/ SHREEV-port ) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana . It is the most populous city in the Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan area . Shreveport ranks third in population in Louisiana after New Orleans and Baton Rouge and 133rd in the U.S . The bulk of Shreveport is in Caddo Parish , of which it is the parish seat . Shreveport extends along the west bank of the Red River ( most notably at Wright Island , the Charles and Marie Hamel Memorial Park , and Bagley Island ) into neighboring Bossier Parish . The population of Shreveport was 199,311 as of the 2010 U.S. Census . The United States Census Bureau 's 2018 estimates for the city 's population decreased to 188,987 , and grew to an estimated 189,149 . Shreveport was founded in 1836 by the Shreve Town Company , a corporation established to develop a town at the juncture of the newly navigable Red River and the Texas Trail , an overland route into the newly independent Republic of Texas . Prior to Texas becoming independent , this trail entered Mexico . The city grew throughout the 20th century and , after the discovery of oil in Louisiana , became a national center for the oil industry . Standard Oil of Louisiana ( absorbed by Standard Oil of New Jersey and now part of ExxonMobil ) and United Gas Corporation ( now part of Pennzoil ) were headquartered in the city until the 1960s and 1980s . After the loss of jobs in the oil industry , the close of Shreveport Operations ( a General Motors vehicle factory ) , and other economic problems the city struggled with a declining population , poverty , drugs and violent crime ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Young_Women's_Christian_Association", 'summary': "The World Young Women 's Christian Association ( World YWCA ) is a movement working for the empowerment , leadership and rights of women , young women and girls in more than 120 countries . The members and supporters include women from many different faiths , ages , backgrounds , beliefs and cultures . Their common goal is that"}, {'url': '/wiki/Patronage', 'summary': 'Patronage is the support , encouragement , privilege , or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another . In the history of art , arts patronage refers to the support that kings , popes , and the wealthy have provided to artists such as musicians , painters , and sculptors . It can also refer to the right of bestowing offices or church benefices , the business given to a store by a regular customer , and the guardianship of saints . The word patron derives from the Latin : patronus ( patron ) , one who gives benefits to his clients ( see Patronage in ancient Rome ) . In some countries the term is used to describe political patronage , which is the use of state resources to reward individuals for their electoral support . Some patronage systems are legal , as in the Canadian tradition of the Prime Minister to appoint senators and the heads of a number of commissions and agencies ; in many cases , these appointments go to people who have supported the political party of the Prime Minister . As well , the term may refer to a type of corruption or favoritism in which a party in power rewards groups , families , ethnicities for their electoral support using illegal gifts or fraudulently awarded appointments or government contracts .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Schreiner , III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Schreiner,_III', 'summary': 'Charles Schreiner III , known as Charlie III , or Three ( January 6 , 1927 - April 22 , 2001 ) , was an American rancher , author , publisher , entrepreneur , collector of guns and Western art and memorabilia , and historian from Kerr County in the Texas Hill Country . He was the grandson of cattle baron , businessman , banker , landowner , and philanthropist Captain Charles Armand Schreiner .'}]}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bachelor of Arts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rancher from Kerr County who helped to save Texas Longhorn cattle from extinction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerr_County,_Texas', 'summary': 'Kerr County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2010 census , its population was 49,625 . Its county seat is Kerrville . The county was named by Joshua D. Brown for his fellow Kentucky native , James Kerr , a congressman of the Republic of Texas . The Kerrville , TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Kerr County .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Texas_Longhorn', 'summary': "The Texas Longhorn is a breed of cattle known for its characteristic horns , which can extend to over 70 inches ( 1.8 m ) tip to tip for bulls , and up to 100 inches ( 2.54 m ) tip to tip for steers and exceptional cows . They are descendants of the first cattle in the New World , brought by Christopher Columbus and the Spanish colonists , and have a high drought-stress tolerance . Texas Longhorns are known for their diverse coloring , and can be any color or mix of colors , but dark red and white color mixes are the most dominant . Registries for the breed include the Texas Longhorn Breeders Association of America , founded in 1964 by the Kerr County rancher Charles Schreiner , III ; the International Texas Longhorn Association , and the Cattlemen 's Texas Longhorn Registry . The online National Texas Longhorn Museum displays the diversity of horns found in the breed , stories about notable individual cattle of the breed , as well as a gallery of furniture made out of horns from the animal . The longhorn with the longest recorded total-horn-length marks in at 129.5 inches ( 3.29 m ) and belongs to longhorn M Arrow Cha-Ching . This longhorn is owned by Richard Flip who lives near Fayetteville , Texas . The second longest on record is 3S Danica of Tallgrass Cattle Company , who measured in at 100 inches ( 2.54 m ) tip to tip on September 13 , 2018 . Due to their innate gentle disposition and intelligence , Texas Longhorns are increasingly being trained for steer riding ."}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Trisko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Trisko', 'summary': 'Jessica Nicole Darden née Trisko ( born 1984 ) is a Canadian academic , activist , former model and beauty queen . She is Assistant Professor of International Affairs at School of International Service at American University and a Jeane Kirkpatrick Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute . After winning the Miss Earth Canada pageant , Trisko represented Canada at Miss Earth 2007 and became the first Canadian to win the Miss Earth title . She had previously placed in the top ten at Miss Universe Canada 2007 . She was a guest judge in the final Miss Earth United States 2016 pageant . She studies the impact of foreign aid on repression and civil war . She has written and published journals on social science , humanities , and international security which were used in various international conferences .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Master of Arts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miss Earth 2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Earth_2007', 'summary': 'Miss Earth 2007 , the seventh Miss Earth pageant , was held on 11 November 2007 at the University of the Philippines Theater , inside the campus of the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City , Philippines . The delegates also visited Nha Trang , Vietnam . 88 delegates competed for the title , making 2007 the largest edition of delegates for Miss Earth . The pageant was hosted by MTV Asia VJ Greg Uttsada Panichkul , Priscilla Meirelles and Ginger Conejero . Miss Earth 2006 , Hil Hernández from Chile , crowned her successor Jessica Trisko from Canada . Pooja Chitgopekar from India won her second consecutive Miss Air title ( first runner-up ) . Silvana Santaella from Venezuela was proclaimed Miss Water ( second runner-up ) . She also won two special awards : Best in Swimsuit and Best in Long Gown . Ángela Gómez from Spain finished fourth as Miss Fire ( third runner-up ) . Bokang Montjane from South Africa made the top 16 semi-finalist and received the Beauty for a Cause award . Montjane became the second winner of this award , after Vida Samadzai from Afghanistan won the first Beauty For a Cause award in 2003 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Miscellaneous', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_alumni_30', 'intro': 'This list of University of Texas at Austin alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of the University of Texas at Austin. The institution is a major research university in Downtown Austin, Texas, US and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, the university has had the fifth largest single-campus enrollment in the nation as of Fall 2006 (and had the largest enrollment in the country from 1997 to 2003), with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and 16,500 faculty and staff. It currently holds the second largest enrollment of all colleges in the state of Texas.'}
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What state does the female that was in the class of 2008 live in ?
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California
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0297d4740e4daaea
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Nigeria_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Nigeria at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olufunke Oshonaike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olufunke_Oshonaike', 'summary': "Olufunke Oshonaike ( born 28 October 1975 ) is a Nigerian table tennis player . She competed for Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Oshonaike started her playing career on a street called Akeju Street in Shomolu , Lagos , in the early 1980s while very young . She was a spectacle each time she played because she was very small and used to amaze people with her skill at that early age . She attended Community Primary School now known as Ola-Olu Primary School , Agunbiade , Shomolu , Lagos . While in primary 4 , she won a competition for the school and was honoured by the Headmaster of the school , Mr G.O . Taiwo , on the assembly ground in front of her school mates . After her primary education , she proceeded to Igbobi Girls High School , Igbobi-Yaba , she left the school when she was in SSS 1 to proceed with her education and professional career . At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , competed in the women 's single division . In the preliminary round , she defeated Mariana Sahakian of Lebanon . In round 1 , she was defeated by Adriana Diaz of Puerto Rico . She was the flagbearer for Nigeria during the Parade of Nations ."}]}, {'value': 'Table tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Table tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 17 August 2016 at the third pavilion of Riocentro . Around 172 table tennis players ( equally distributed between men and women ) competed in both the singles and team events . Table tennis had appeared at the Summer Olympics on seven previous occasions beginning with the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . In addition to men 's and women 's singles , the team events were staged for the third time since replacing doubles events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinivie Boltic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinivie_Boltic', 'summary': 'Sinivie Boltic ( born 2 July 1982 in Famgbe , Nigeria ) is a Nigerian wrestler who competed in the freestyle 96 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics . He was the flag bearer of Nigeria during the opening ceremony .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bose Kaffo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bose_Kaffo', 'summary': 'Bose Kaffo ( born 14 November 1972 in Surulere , Lagos State , Nigeria ) is a Nigerian professional table tennis player who competed at five Olympics from 1992 to 2008 . She is the second Nigerian woman to compete at five Olympics , after sprinter Mary Onyali . This feat was also achieved in 2008 by fellow table tennis player Segun Toriola . By the end of the 2008 Summer Olympics , only thirteen table tennis players worldwide had appeared at least five Olympics . Her doubles partners at the Olympics were Abiola Odumosu in 1992 and Olufunke Oshonaike from 1996 to 2004 . She has won fifteen medals ( seven gold ) in singles and doubles at six consecutive All-Africa Games from 1987 to 2007 , winning at least one medal at each Games . In Singles , she won gold in 1995 , silver in 1999 and 2007 , and bronze in 2003 . In Doubles , she won gold ( with Olufunke Oshonaike ) in 1995 , 1999 , and 2003 , silver in 1991 , and bronze in 2007 . In Mixed Doubles , she won gold in 1991 ( with Atanda Musa ) , 1995 ( with Sule Olayele ) , and 1999 ( with Segun Toriola ) along with silver in 1987 and 2003 and bronze in 2007 . Nigeria has won team gold at all All-Africa Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Table Tennis', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Onyali-Omagbemi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Onyali-Omagbemi', 'summary': 'Mary Onyali-Omagbemi ( née Onyali , born 3 February 1968 ) is a Nigerian former sprinter , who won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1992 Olympic Games and in the 200 m at the 1996 Olympic Games . She also won the 1994 Commonwealth Games 100 metres title . Onyali-Omagbemi performed especially well in the All-Africa Games , winning a total of 7 individual medals in the short sprints . She won 100 m in 1991 , 1995 and 2003 and took a bronze medal in 1987 . Gold medals in 200 m were taken in 1987 , 1995 and 2003 . Furthermore , the Nigerian 4 × 100 m relay team won all races between 1987 and 2003 , at the African Games . Born Mary Onyali , by the time of the 2000 Olympics she was known as Mary Onyali-Omagbemi , having married fellow Nigerian sprinter Victor Omagbemi . Her consecutive Olympic appearances from 1988 to 2004 made her the first Nigerian to compete at five Olympics . This feat was equalled by table tennis players Bose Kaffo and Segun Toriola four years later in Beijing , PR China .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunday Bada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunday_Bada', 'summary': 'Sunday Bada ( 22 June 1969 - 12 December 2011 ) was a Nigerian sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres event . He won three medals at the World Indoor Championships , including a gold medal in 1997 . His personal best time was 44.63 seconds , and with 45.51 seconds indoor he holds the African indoor record . He set a national record in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2000 Olympics , where the Nigerian team also won gold medals after the disqualification of the USA .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , 46 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 22 for women . There were a total number of 2134 participating athletes from 193 countries .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Onyali-Omagbemi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Onyali-Omagbemi', 'summary': 'Mary Onyali-Omagbemi ( née Onyali , born 3 February 1968 ) is a Nigerian former sprinter , who won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1992 Olympic Games and in the 200 m at the 1996 Olympic Games . She also won the 1994 Commonwealth Games 100 metres title . Onyali-Omagbemi performed especially well in the All-Africa Games , winning a total of 7 individual medals in the short sprints . She won 100 m in 1991 , 1995 and 2003 and took a bronze medal in 1987 . Gold medals in 200 m were taken in 1987 , 1995 and 2003 . Furthermore , the Nigerian 4 × 100 m relay team won all races between 1987 and 2003 , at the African Games . Born Mary Onyali , by the time of the 2000 Olympics she was known as Mary Onyali-Omagbemi , having married fellow Nigerian sprinter Victor Omagbemi . Her consecutive Olympic appearances from 1988 to 2004 made her the first Nigerian to compete at five Olympics . This feat was equalled by table tennis players Bose Kaffo and Segun Toriola four years later in Beijing , PR China .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yusuf Alli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yusuf_Alli', 'summary': 'Yusuf Alli ( born 28 July 1960 in Lagos ) is a retired Nigerian long jumper , and three-time Olympian . He is best known for his gold medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games . His personal best is 8.27 metres , achieved at the 1989 African Championships in Athletics in Lagos . This is the Nigerian record . also 8.39 at the commonwealth games ( 1990 ) . He jumped in college for the University of Missouri where he still holds the school records for the long jump - both indoor and outdoor ( set in 1984 and 1983 respectively ) . 2nd world cup in athletics 1989 Barcelona Spain African captain longest Nigeria captain technical director athletic federation of Nigeria manager COJA committee for 8th All African games'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul a total number of 42 events in athletics were contested : 24 by men and 18 by women . There were a total number of 1617 participating athletes from 149 countries .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yusuf Alli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yusuf_Alli', 'summary': 'Yusuf Alli ( born 28 July 1960 in Lagos ) is a retired Nigerian long jumper , and three-time Olympian . He is best known for his gold medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games . His personal best is 8.27 metres , achieved at the 1989 African Championships in Athletics in Lagos . This is the Nigerian record . also 8.39 at the commonwealth games ( 1990 ) . He jumped in college for the University of Missouri where he still holds the school records for the long jump - both indoor and outdoor ( set in 1984 and 1983 respectively ) . 2nd world cup in athletics 1989 Barcelona Spain African captain longest Nigeria captain technical director athletic federation of Nigeria manager COJA committee for 8th All African games'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , 41 events in athletics were contested . There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries . Womens marathon and womens 3000 meters were contested for the first time at these Games .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict Majekodunmi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benedict_Majekodunmi', 'summary': "Benedict Majekodunmi ( born 12 January 1940 ) is a Nigerian sprinter . He competed in the men 's 100 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics . Majekodunmi won a bronze medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 38 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 14 for women . There were a total number of 1324 participating athletes from 104 countries .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': ' Nigeria at theOlympicsIOC codeNGRNOCNigeria Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.nigeriaolympiccommittee.orgMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Nigeria at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Nigeria_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Nigeria at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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In what sport does the Nigerian flag bearer at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad compete in ?
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table tennis
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02989663cc27a219
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Kenyan_local_elections', 'title': '2013 Kenyan local elections', 'header': ['#', 'County', 'Governor', 'Deputy Governor', 'Party'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mombasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mombasa_County', 'summary': 'Mombasa County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya . Its capital and the only city in the county is Mombasa . Initially it was one of the former districts of Kenya but in 2013 it was reconstituted as a county , on the same boundaries . It is the smallest county in Kenya , covering an area of 229.7 km2 excluding 65 km2 of water mass . The county is situated in the south eastern part of the former Coast Province . It borders Kilifi County to the north , Kwale County to the south west and the Indian Ocean to the east . Administratively , the county is divided into seven divisions , eighteen locations and thirty sub-locations . Kenya was divided into eight provinces prior to 2013 , which were subdivided into 47 counties . In the former Coast Province there are six counties , Mombasa being one of them . It is situated in the southeast of Coast Province . It is the smallest in size , covering an area of 212.5 km² . The county lies between latitudes 3°56 and 4°10 south of the equator and longitudes 39°34 and 39°46 east .'}]}, {'value': 'Hassan Ali Joho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hassan_Ali_Joho', 'summary': 'Hassan Ali Joho ( Arabic : علي حسن جوهو ) is a Kenyan politician and the current Governor of Mombasa County affiliated with the Orange Democratic Movement . He was also elected to represent the Kisauni Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya during the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election . On 4 March 2013 , during the general election , Joho was elected as the first governor of Mombasa County . In 2017 General Elections Day in Kenya held on 8th , 8th , 2017 , Joho defended his seat on an ODM ticket , he is the ongoing governor of Mombasa County , County 001 . Despite significant politically engineered setbacks , Joho emerged triumphant by winning with 220 576 votes against his closest rival Suleimann Shabal with 69 322 votes , Suleimann is a member of the Jubilee Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Hazel Ezabel Nyamoki Ogunde', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kwale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kwale_County', 'summary': 'Kwale County is a county in the former Coast Province of Kenya . Its capital is Kwale , although Ukunda is the largest town . Kwale county has an estimated population of 649,931 . Kwale is mainly an inland county , but it has coastline south of Mombasa . Diani Beach is part of the Msambweni division . Shimba Hills National Reserve and Mwaluganje elephant sanctuary are other attractions in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'Salim Mvurya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salim_Mvurya', 'summary': "Salim Mvurya , Salim Mvurya Mkala or Mvurya Salim Mgalla ( born 1970 ) is a Kenyan politician . He became the first governor of Kwale County , Kenya after winning in the 2013 general elections . He vied on an Orange Democratic Movement ticket but later joined the Jubilee Party of Kenya . It was announced on 30 August 2017 that he will named Chairman of Kenya 's Council of Governors . He will replace current chairman Josphat Nanok ."}]}, {'value': 'Fatuma Mohamed Achani', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilifi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilifi_County', 'summary': 'Kilifi County is a county of Kenya . It was formed in 2010 as a result of a merger of Kilifi District and Malindi District . Its capital is Kilifi and its largest town is Malindi . The county has a population of 1,453,787 . It covers an area of 12,245.90 km2 ( 4,728.17 sq mi ) . Kilifi county forms a constituency when electing a senator and a woman representatives of Kenyan Parliament and Senate . It also elects its own governor who is the county leader . The county is represented in parliament by seven legislators , one woman representative and a Senator in senate . The county also has 35 ward representatives . The county is located north and northeast of Mombasa . Kilifi has fewer tourists than Mombasa County , but there are some tourists beaches in Kikambala , Watamu , Malindi and Kilifi .'}]}, {'value': 'Amason Kingi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amason_Kingi', 'summary': 'Amason Kingi Jeffah is a Kenyan politician . He is the current governor of Kilifi county and belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement . Before his term as governor of Kilifi , Amason was elected to represent the Magarini Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya during the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth Mwakombo Kamto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tana River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tana_River_County', 'summary': "Tana River County is a county in the former Coast Province , Kenya . It is named after the Tana River . It has an area of 35,375.8 square kilometres ( 13,658.7 sq mi ) and a population of 315,943 . The capital and largest town is Hola ( sometimes known as Galole ) . The major ethnic groups are the Dagodie , Ogaden Pokomo , many of whom are farmers , and the Orma , Wardey and Gadsan who are peaceful people . The county is generally dry and prone to drought . Rainfall is erratic , with rainy seasons in March-May and October-December . Conflicts have occurred between farmers and other people over access to water . Flooding is also a regular problem , caused by heavy rainfall in upstream areas of the Tana River . On 22 August 2012 , in the worst violent incident in Kenya since 2001 , at least 52 people were killed in ethnic violence in Tana River County between the Orma'wardey and Pokomo groups . Tana River County presents an interesting case of the nexus between conflict and food security . A recent survey prepared by ALMRP , Tana River District and presented to the Tana River District Steering Group ( 2004 ) found that the county is 79% food insecure and with an incidence of poverty at 62% ( Interim Poverty Strategy Paper ( I-PSP ) , 2000-2003 , Kenya ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tuneya Dado', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jire Siyat Mohamed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WDM-K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiper_Democratic_Movement_–_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya ( WDM-K ) refers to a political party in Kenya , which originated as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum . Website www.wiper.co.ke . It is headed by Kalonzo Musyoka , who ran for president in 2007 and served as the vice-president in the Grand Coalition of Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga . It is now a member of the main opposition NASA .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamu_County', 'summary': 'Lamu County is located in the Northern Coast of Kenya and is one of the Six Coastal Counties in Kenya . It borders Tana River County in the southwest , Garissa County to the north , Republic of Somalia to the northeast and the Indian Ocean to the South . It lies 1° 40 and 2° 30south and longitude 40° 15 and 40° 38south . The County has a land surface of 6,273.1 km that include the mainland and over 65 islands that form the Lamu Archipelago . The total length of the coastline is 130 km while land water mass area stands at 308 km . The County has 2 constituencies namely Lamu West and Lamu East . These two also consist of the two districts referred to as the sub-counties in Lamu County . Lamu West has Amu Mkomani , Shela , Hindi , Mkunumbi , Hongwe , Bahari and Witu Divisions while Lamu East has Faza , Basuba and Kiunga divisions . There are 10 wards , 23 locations , and 38 sub-locations in the Countyn . The main economic activities in the county include crop production , livestock production , fisheries , tourism and mining , most notably quarrying . Among the challenges facing Lamu is population growth owing to migration into Lamu from other parts of the country , fuelled partly by the anticipated opportunities accruing from the Lamu Port South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport ( LAPSSET ) Corridor . Other challenges include landlessness and poor land management , insufficient social services such as healthcare and education , inadequate supply of piped and fresh water , under-developed infrastructure , and food insecurity .'}]}, {'value': 'Issa Timamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erick Kinyua Mugo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UDF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Democratic_Forum_(Kenya)', 'summary': 'The United Democratic Forum Party ( UDF ) was a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taita-Taveta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taita-Taveta_County', 'summary': "Taita-Taveta County ( previously known as Taita Taveta District ) is a county of Kenya . It lies approximately 140 km northwest of Mombasa and 380 km southeast of Nairobi . The capital , nominally , is in Mwatate town but county government offices are in Wundanyi . The population of the county was 340,671 persons according to the 2019 national census , with population densities ranging from 14 persons per km2 to more than 117 persons per km2 . This is due to the varied rainfall and terrain with the lower zones receiving an average 440 mm of rain per annum and the highland areas receiving up to 1,900 mm of rain . The county ranges in altitude from 500 m above sea level to 2,228 m at Vuria Peak , which is the county 's highest point ."}]}, {'value': 'John Mtuta Mruttu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Ndiga Kibuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garissa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garissa_County', 'summary': 'Garissa County is an administrative County in the former North Eastern Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest urban area is Garissa . As of August 31 , 2016 , Garissa county had more than 260,000 Somali refugees in refugee camps at Dadaab , which is located in Garissa County . The county has a population of 400,060 , and a land area of about 45,720.2 km2 ( 17,652.7 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Nathif Jama Adan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathif_Jama_Adan', 'summary': "Mr Nathif Jama Adam ( Somali : Nadiif Jaamac Aadan , Arabic : نظيف جامع آدم ) is a Kenyan banker , writer and politician . He previously served as a Senior Vice President and the Head of the Sharjah Islamic Bank 's Investments & International Banking Division , and as the managing director of the First Community Bank . He also co-authored the first book on sukuk investments . In March 2013 , Adam was elected Governor of Garissa County ."}]}, {'value': 'Abdullahi Hussein Ali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WDM-K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiper_Democratic_Movement_–_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya ( WDM-K ) refers to a political party in Kenya , which originated as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum . Website www.wiper.co.ke . It is headed by Kalonzo Musyoka , who ran for president in 2007 and served as the vice-president in the Grand Coalition of Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga . It is now a member of the main opposition NASA .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wajir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wajir_County', 'summary': 'Wajir County is a county in the former North Eastern Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Wajir . The county has a population of 781,263 and an area of 55,840.6 km² . The county is bordered to the north by Ethiopia , to the northeast by Mandera County , to the east by Somalia , to the south by Garissa County , to the west by Isiolo County and to the northwest by Marsabit County . The county has six constituencies : Eldas , Tarbaj , Wajir North , Wajir West , Wajir East , and Wajir South .'}]}, {'value': 'Ahmed Abdullahi Mohamad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdulhafid Abdullahi Yarow', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mandera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mandera_County', 'summary': 'Mandera County is a county in the former North Eastern Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Mandera . The county is bordered by Ethiopia to the north , by Somalia to the east and by Wajir County to the southwest . According to the 2019 census , the county has a population of 867,457 and an area of 25,939.8 km² . The main economic activity in the county is pastoralism , while others include cross-border trade with Ethiopia , artisanal mining , beekeeping and agriculture along the Dawa River .'}]}, {'value': 'Ibrahim Roba Ali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omar Mohamed Maalim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'URP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Republican_Party_(Kenya)', 'summary': 'The United Republican Party ( URP ) was a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marsabit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marsabit_County', 'summary': 'Marsabit County ( up to 2010 Marsabit District ) is a county of Kenya . Covering a surface area of 66.923,1 square kilometres Marsabit is the largest county in Kenya . Its capital is Marsabit and its largest town Moyale . According to the 2019 census , the county has a population of 459,785 . It is bordered to the North by Ethiopia , to the West by Turkana County to the South by Samburu County and Isiolo County , and to the East by Wajir County .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukur Yattani', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omar Abdi Ali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_Democratic_Movement', 'summary': "The Orange Democratic Movement ( ODM ) is a centre-left political party in Kenya . It is the successor of a grassroots people 's movement which was formed during the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum campaign . This movement separated in August 2007 into the Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya and the Wiper Democratic Movement - Kenya ( formerly the Orange Democratic Movement ¥ - Kenya , known as ODM-Kenya ) . The name orange originates from the ballot cards in the referendum , in which the banana represented a 'yes ' vote , and the orange represented a 'no ' vote . Thus the parties demonstrates that it supported a no vote in the 2005 referendum . The original linchpins of the ODM were Uhuru Kenyatta 's KANU party and Raila Odinga 's LDP . KANU has since pulled out . As of March 2018 [ update ] the ODM is led by Raila Odinga ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isiolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isiolo_County', 'summary': 'Isiolo County is a county in the former Eastern Province of Kenya . Its population is 268,002 ( 2019 census ) and its capital is Isiolo . Isiolo County is to be the first county to be developed as part of the Kenya Vision 2030 program . Its capital and largest town is Isiolo . Other upcoming urban centres are : Garbatulla , Modogashe , Kinna , Merti and Oldonyiro . The local topography is arid or semi-arid low plains . Ewaso Nyiro River flows through the county and partly bounds it . It borders Marsabit County to the north , Wajir County to the east , Garissa and Tana River counties to the south east , Meru County to the south , Laikipia County to the south west and Samburu County to the west . Three different National Game Reserves are located in Isiolo County : Bisanadi National Reserve , Buffalo Springs National Reserve and Shaba National Reserve .'}]}, {'value': 'Godana Doyo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Gulleid Abdille', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'URP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Republican_Party_(Kenya)', 'summary': 'The United Republican Party ( URP ) was a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meru_County', 'summary': 'Meru County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya , located in the former Eastern Province . It has a population of 1.55 million people . Meru County is the home of the Ngaa people ( Meru ) , who are related to other ethnicities living around the Mount Kenya region : the Kikuyu , Embu people and to some extent the Kamba people Also , peoples from the east coast of Kenya , along the Indian Ocean , like the Bajuni , Swahili , Mijikenda , and further inland , the Taita , Taveta and westwards to the Lake Victoria coast , the Kisii and Maragoli as well as other Luhya people , are all related to the Meru . The county headquarters is in the town of Meru . The current governor of Meru County is Hon . Kiraitu Murungi of Jubilee Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Munya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Munya', 'summary': 'Peter Gatirau Munya ( born 1969 ) is the Cabinet Secretary , Ministry of Agriculture ( Kenya ) . He took over the ministry on 14th January 2020 . This is after he was transferred from the Ministry of Trade and Industrialization . He also served in the same capacity in the ministry of East African Community and Northern Corridor Development . He is a politician who served as the first Governor of Meru County , and as the second Chairman of the Council of Governors . He was until his appointment as a Cabinet Secretary the Party of National Unity ( PNU ) Leader . He also served as the 2nd Member of Parliament for Tigania East Constituency , Meru County in Central Kenya .'}]}, {'value': 'Raphael Muriungi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'APK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Alliance Party of Kenya ( APK ) was a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tharaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tharaka_County', 'summary': "Tharaka-Nithi County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya located in Kenya 's former Eastern Province . The county has an area of 2609 km² and as of the 2019 census a population of 393,177 . Tharaka-Nithi County is the home to the Chuka , Muthambi , Mwimbi and Tharaka sections of the Ameru ( Meru ) community . The people of Tharaka-Nithi County are now predominantly Christian with the Catholics , the Presbyterian , and the Methodists being the predominant religious communities . The county consists of three constituencies : 60 . Maara , 61 . Chuka/Igambang'ombe , 62 . Tharaka ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Mbae Ragwa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliud Mate Muriithi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TNA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_National_Alliance', 'summary': 'The National Alliance ( TNA ) was a political party in Kenya . It attained its current identity when it was taken over by Uhuru Kenyatta and rebranded as the vehicle for his 2012 presidential campaign .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Embu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Embu_County', 'summary': 'Embu County is a county of Kenya . The capital of Embu County and the former Eastern province headquarters , Embu is a large and largely metropolitan area with a population of 608,599 persons . The county borders Kirinyaga to the West , Kitui to the East , Tharaka Nithi to the North , Machakos to the South . The County occupies an area of 2,821 km2 . It is divided into four constituencies namely ; Manyatta , Runyenjes , Mbeere North and Mbeere South which will form Sub-Counties .'}]}, {'value': 'Martin Nyaga Wambora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Nyaga_Wambora', 'summary': 'Martin Nyaga Wambora ( born 9 April 1951 ) is a Kenyan politician . He is the first governor of Embu County in Kenya after winning on a TNA ( The National Alliance ) ticket in the Embu gubernatorial elections which was conducted in March 2013 . He was a former member of parliament for Runyenjes Constituency from 2003 to 2007 . Prior to becoming the governor of Embu county , he served as the chairman of the board of Kenya Airports Authority and led to its winning of the two most prestigious airport industry awards in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dorothy Nditi Muchungu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorothy_Nditi', 'summary': 'Dorothy Nditi or Dorothy Nditi Muchungu ( born 1973 ) is a Kenyan politician . She is the immediate former Deputy Governor in Embu County Kenya .'}]}, {'value': 'TNA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitui_County', 'summary': 'Kitui County is a county in the former Eastern Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Kitui , although Mwingi is also another major urban centre . The county has a population of 1,136,187 ( 2019 census ) . and an area of 30,430 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Julius Malombe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malonza Peninah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WDM-K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiper_Democratic_Movement_–_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya ( WDM-K ) refers to a political party in Kenya , which originated as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum . Website www.wiper.co.ke . It is headed by Kalonzo Musyoka , who ran for president in 2007 and served as the vice-president in the Grand Coalition of Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga . It is now a member of the main opposition NASA .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Machakos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Machakos_County', 'summary': "Machakos County is a county of Kenya . Its capital is Machakos . Its largest town is Machakos , the country 's first administrative headquarters . The county had a population of 1,421,932 as of 2019 . The county borders Nairobi and Kiambu counties to the west , Embu to the north , Kitui to the east , Makueni to the south , Kajiado to the south west , and Muranga and Kirinyaga to the north west ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfred Mutua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Mutua', 'summary': 'Alfred Nganga Mutua ( born 22 August 1970 ) is a Kenyan politician who is the governor of Machakos County . Mutua was the Kenyan government spokesman before resigning in 2012 to run for the office of Machakos County Governor . He was born in Masii , Machakos County and is married with several children . He has lived , studied and worked in Kenya , the United States , Australia and the United Arab Emirates and has been a businessman , lecturer , civil servant and politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Benard Muia Tom Kiala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WDM-K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiper_Democratic_Movement_–_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya ( WDM-K ) refers to a political party in Kenya , which originated as a result of the 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum . Website www.wiper.co.ke . It is headed by Kalonzo Musyoka , who ran for president in 2007 and served as the vice-president in the Grand Coalition of Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga . It is now a member of the main opposition NASA .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Makueni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makueni_County', 'summary': 'Makueni County ( formerly Makueni District ) is a county in the former Eastern Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Wote . The county has a population of 987,653 ( 2019 census ) and an area of 8,008.9 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Kivutha Kibwana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kivutha_Kibwana', 'summary': 'Kivutha Kibwana ( born June 13 , 1954 ) is a Kenyan politician and human rights activist . He was Minister for Defence , Minister for Environment and a former member of parliament for the Makueni Constituency . He was also a former advisor to President Mwai Kibaki .'}]}, {'value': 'Adelina Ndeto Mwau', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muungano_Development_Movement_Party_of_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Muungano Party ( MP ) is a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nyandarua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nyandarua_County', 'summary': 'Nyandarua County is a County in the former Central Province of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Ol Kalou . Formerly the capital was Nyahururu , which is now part of the Laikipia County . Nyandarua County has population of 596,268 and an area of 3,304 km² . The county is located on the northwestern part of the old Central Province , and contains the Aberdare Ranges . The county was split into two in 2007 : Nyandarua North District and Nyandarua South District . However , with the promulgation in 2010 of new constitution , these have been re-organised as sub counties of Nyandarua County . Daniel Waithaka was elected the first governor of the County 2013 General Election and Francis Kimemia seconds him in August 2017 elections .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Waithaka Mwangi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waithaka Mwangi Kirika', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TNA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_National_Alliance', 'summary': 'The National Alliance ( TNA ) was a political party in Kenya . It attained its current identity when it was taken over by Uhuru Kenyatta and rebranded as the vehicle for his 2012 presidential campaign .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nyeri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nyeri_County', 'summary': 'Nyeri County is located in the central region of Kenya . Its capital and largest town is Nyeri . It has a population of 759,164 and an area of 2361 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Nderitu Gachagua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nderitu_Gachagua', 'summary': 'Nderitu Gachagua ( 29 July 1952 - 24 February 2017 ) was a Kenyan politician who served as the first governor of Nyeri County having been elected in March 2013 on a GNU party ticket alongside deputy governor , Wamathai Samwel Githaiga . Nderitu studied law at the University of Nairobi . Before becoming governor , he served as the Member of Parliament for Mathira constituency . Gachagua died on 24 February 2017 at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London while undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wamathai Samwel Githaiga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GNU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_National_Union_of_Kenya', 'summary': 'The Grand National Union was a political party in Kenya .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirinyaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirinyaga_County', 'summary': "Kirinyaga County is a county in the former Central Province of Kenya . Its capital is Kutus and its largest town is Wanguru . In 2019 , the county had a population of 610,411 and an area of 1,478.1 km² . The county is bordered to the east and south by Embu County , to the south by a tiny part of Machakos County , to the southwest by Murang ' a County and to the northwest by Nyeri County . Kirinyaga county lies between 1158 and 5199 metres above sea level ; its highest point is the summit of Mount Kenya ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Kathuri Ndathi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julius Muthike Njiri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TNA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_National_Alliance', 'summary': 'The National Alliance ( TNA ) was a political party in Kenya . It attained its current identity when it was taken over by Uhuru Kenyatta and rebranded as the vehicle for his 2012 presidential campaign .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Governors', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Kenya_County_Representative_elections,_2013_0', 'intro': 'Local elections were held in Kenya on 4 March 2013 as part of the general elections. Voters elected governors and members of County Assemblies of the 47 counties created by the 2010 constitution.'}
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This ODM party memebers previous post was an elected official to represent the Magarini Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya during the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election ?
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Amason Kingi
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029a800dde0718f3
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indiana_state_historical_markers_in_Jefferson_County', 'title': 'List of Indiana state historical markers in Jefferson County', 'header': ['Marker title', 'Year placed', 'Location', 'Topics'], 'data': [{'value': "Morgan 's Raid July 8-13 , 1863", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Morgan's_Raid", 'summary': "Morgan 's Raid was a diversionary incursion by Confederate cavalry into the northern ( Union ) states of Indiana , Kentucky , Ohio and , briefly , West Virginia , during the American Civil War . The raid took place from June 11-July 26 , 1863 , and is named for the commander of the Confederates , Brig . Gen. John Hunt Morgan . Although it caused temporary alarm in the North , the raid was ultimately classed as a failure . The raid covered more than 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) , beginning in Tennessee and ending in northern Ohio . It coincided with the Vicksburg Campaign and the Gettysburg Campaign , and it was meant to draw U.S. troops away from these fronts by frightening the North into demanding their troops return home . Despite his initial successes , Morgan was thwarted in his attempts to recross the Ohio River and eventually was forced to surrender what remained of his command in northeastern Ohio near the Pennsylvania border . Morgan and other senior officers were kept in the Ohio state penitentiary , but they tunneled their way out and took a train to Cincinnati , where they crossed the Ohio River to safety ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': "State Road 7 in Dupont 38°53′19″N 85°31′9″W / 38.88861°N 85.51917°W / 38.88861 ; -85.51917 ( Morgan 's Raid July 8-13 , 1863 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_7', 'summary': 'State Road 7 in the U.S. State of Indiana is located in southeast Indiana . It runs from northwest-to-southeast connecting the cities of Columbus and Madison .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dupont,_Indiana', 'summary': 'Dupont is a town in Lancaster Township , Jefferson County , Indiana , United States . The population was 339 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Military', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James F.D . Lanier 1800-1881', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Lanier', 'summary': 'James Franklin Doughty Lanier ( November 22 , 1800 - August 27 , 1881 ) was an entrepreneur who lived in Madison , Indiana prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861-1865 ) . Lanier became a wealthy banker with interests in pork packing , the railroads , and real estate .'}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '511 First at the Elm Street junction near the Ohio River at the Lanier Mansion State Historic Site in Madison 38°44′7″N 85°23′7″W / 38.73528°N 85.38528°W / 38.73528 ; -85.38528 ( James F.D . Lanier 1800-1881 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_River', 'summary': "The Ohio River is a 981-mile ( 1,579 km ) long river in the United States . It is located in the midwestern United States , flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania south of Lake Erie to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois . It is the third largest river by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River that divides the eastern from western United States . The river flows through or along the border of six states , and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states . Through its largest tributary , the Tennessee River , the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S . It is the source of drinking water for three million people . The lower Ohio River just below Louisville is obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the water level falls 26 ft. in 2 miles and is impassible for navigation . The McAlpine Locks and Dam , a shipping canal bypassing the rapids , now allows commercial navigation from the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburgh to the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico . The name Ohio comes from the Seneca , Ohi : yo ' , lit . Good River . European discovery of the Ohio River may be attributed to English explorers from Virginia in the latter half of the 17th century . In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781-82 , Thomas Jefferson stated : The Ohio is the most beautiful river on earth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lanier_Mansion', 'summary': 'The Lanier Mansion is a historic house located at 601 West First Street in the Madison Historic District of Madison , Indiana . Built by wealthy banker James F. D. Lanier in 1844 , the house was declared a State Memorial in 1926 , and remains an important landmark in Madison to the present day .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Military , Business , Industry , and Labor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Chartered Bank in Indiana', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': '308 Jefferson Street in Madison 38°44′8″N 85°22′37″W / 38.73556°N 85.37694°W / 38.73556 ; -85.37694 ( First Chartered Bank in Indiana )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Business , Industry , and Labor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvey Washington Wiley , M.D . 1844-1930', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvey_Washington_Wiley', 'summary': 'Harvey Washington Wiley ( October 18 , 1844 - June 30 , 1930 ) was an American chemist who fought for the passage of the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and subsequently worked at the Good Housekeeping Institute laboratories . He was the first commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration . Wiley was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1910 .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southwestern corner of the junction of State Road 256 and County Road 850W near Kent 38°44′15″N 85°32′38.4″W / 38.73750°N 85.544000°W / 38.73750 ; -85.544000 ( Harvey Washington Wiley , M.D . 1844-1930 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_256', 'summary': 'State Road 256 ( SR 256 ) in the U.S. State of Indiana runs mostly through Scott and Jefferson counties , with short portions in Jackson and Washington counties . The western terminus is Indiana 39 . The eastern terminus is Indiana 56 near Madison .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kent,_Jefferson_County,_Indiana', 'summary': 'Kent is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Republican Township , Jefferson County , Indiana , United States . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 70 .'}]}, {'value': 'Science , Medicine , and Inventions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madison Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison_Historic_District_(Madison,_Indiana)', 'summary': "The Madison Historic District is a historic district located in Madison , Indiana . In 2006 , it was named a National Historic Landmark due to its unique Midwestern beauty and architecture scheme . Among the prominent buildings in the district are the Lanier Mansion , one of two buildings separately considered a National Historic Landmark in the district , and the Schofield House , the birthplace of the Grand Lodge of Indiana . In total , it comprises 133 blocks of Madison , Indiana , overlooking the Ohio River in Jefferson County , Indiana . Madison 's most prominent days were before 1860 . It was a major transportation hub , taking river commerce and shipping it to the inland of Indiana . Once transportation routes changed , Madison faltered until the tourism industry saved it more than a century later . Many of the prominent buildings in the district were built by Madison-native-architect Francis Costigan , who favored the Greek Revival style . Two of these are National Historic Landmarks : the Lanier Mansion , and the Charles L. Shrewsbury House . The Lanier Mansion was the former home of James Lanier , who lent money to governor Oliver P. Morton to run the Indiana state government to circumvent the legislative process between 1862-1865 . The Shrewsbury-Windle House was built for steamboat captain Charles Shrewsbury , who would later become a mayor of Madison . Costigan , himself , built his home in the district , and it is considered one of the best uses of a narrow lot by modern architects ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Vaughn Drive and Jefferson Street at the Ohio riverside walk in Madison 38°43′58″N 85°22′38″W / 38.73278°N 85.37722°W / 38.73278 ; -85.37722 ( Madison Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_River', 'summary': "The Ohio River is a 981-mile ( 1,579 km ) long river in the United States . It is located in the midwestern United States , flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania south of Lake Erie to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois . It is the third largest river by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River that divides the eastern from western United States . The river flows through or along the border of six states , and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states . Through its largest tributary , the Tennessee River , the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S . It is the source of drinking water for three million people . The lower Ohio River just below Louisville is obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the water level falls 26 ft. in 2 miles and is impassible for navigation . The McAlpine Locks and Dam , a shipping canal bypassing the rapids , now allows commercial navigation from the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburgh to the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico . The name Ohio comes from the Seneca , Ohi : yo ' , lit . Good River . European discovery of the Ohio River may be attributed to English explorers from Virginia in the latter half of the 17th century . In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781-82 , Thomas Jefferson stated : The Ohio is the most beautiful river on earth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Historic District , Neighborhoods , and Towns , Buildings and Architecture', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madison Hill Incline and Cut', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Near the southwestern corner of a railroad bridge at 1001 W. Main Street at the McIntire Street junction in Madison 38°44′21.4″N 85°23′47.6″W / 38.739278°N 85.396556°W / 38.739278 ; -85.396556 ( Madison Hill Incline and Cut )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Business , Industry , and Labor , Transportation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alois O. Bachman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southeastern corner of the Alois O. Bachman Bridge at State Road 7 near Hanging Rock Hill at the junction of Presbyterian and Cragmont Streets in Madison 38°44′28″N 85°23′36″W / 38.74111°N 85.39333°W / 38.74111 ; -85.39333 ( Alois O. Bachman )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_7', 'summary': 'State Road 7 in the U.S. State of Indiana is located in southeast Indiana . It runs from northwest-to-southeast connecting the cities of Columbus and Madison .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Military', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael C. Garber', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Offices of The Madison Courier at 310 West Street in Madison 38°44′8″N 85°22′48″W / 38.73556°N 85.38000°W / 38.73556 ; -85.38000 ( Michael C. Garber )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Politics , Military , Newspapers and Media', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyman Hoyt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7147 W. State Road 250 near Lancaster 38°49′56″N 85°31′14″W / 38.83222°N 85.52056°W / 38.83222 ; -85.52056 ( Lyman Hoyt )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_250', 'summary': 'State Road 250 ( SR 250 ) in the U.S. State of Indiana is a secondary route that runs from U.S. Route 50 ( US 50 ) in Brownstown eastward toward the Ohio River at State Road 156 ( SR 156 ) in Patriot in southeast Indiana . Towns include Uniontown , Paris Crossing , Canaan , and East Enterprise . SR 250 is split in two north of Madison due to the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge ( formerly the Jefferson Proving Ground ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lancaster,_Jefferson_County,_Indiana', 'summary': "Lancaster is an unincorporated community in Lancaster Township , Jefferson County , Indiana . Lancaster was platted on Oct. 5 , 1815 by David Hillis and William McFarland . The plat established 128 lots , reserving some for the construction of a courthouse , market house and place of public worship . They probably wanted to get the county seat moved from Madison . McFarland was a county judge and Hillis , a popular local politician , later became lieutenant government of Indiana . The Lancaster Post Office operated from March 16 , 1830 through August 30 , 1839 . Service went to Dupont , then to Republican and Franklin Mills , before returning to Lancaster on August 19 , 1841 . It closed on March 15 , 1907 . Before the Civil War , the area was a center of anti-slavery activity . The Neal 's Creek Anti-Slavery Baptist Church , founded in 1846 , moved to Lancaster in 1847 . It later became known as the College Hill Baptist Church and disappeared by 1879 . The Eleutherian College , founded in 1848 , was the second co-educational , integrated college to open in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Underground Railroad , African American , Politics , Buildings and Architecture', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eleutherian College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eleutherian_College', 'summary': "Eleutherian College , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997 , was founded as Eleutherian Institute in 1848 by a group of local anti-slavery Baptists at Lancaster in Jefferson County . The institute 's name comes from the Greek word eleutheros , meaning freedom and equality . The school admitted students without regard to ethnicity or gender , including freed and fugitive slaves . Its first classes began offering secondary school instruction on November 27 , 1848 . The school was renamed Eleutherian College in 1854 , when it began offering college-level coursework . It is the second college in the United States west of the Allegheny Mountains and the first in Indiana to provide interracial education . The restored three-story stone chapel and classroom building was constructed between 1853 and 1856 and presently serves as a local history museum . In the decade before the American Civil War , African-American students comprised approximately one quarter to one third of the institute 's total enrollment , with its peak years between 1855 and 1861 . At one time during this period its enrollment reached 150 students ; however , attendance soon declined and no black students were enrolled at the school after 1861 . During the Civil War the college 's grounds were used for military training and its main building were used for meetings and concerts . The college closed in 1874 , but the main building was used as a private high school and teachers ' training school until 1887 , when the Lancaster township trustees purchased the building for use as a public school , which closed in 1938 . Historic Madison , a Jefferson County preservation organization , received the school as a gift in 1973 and sold it to its present owners in 1990 ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6927 W. State Road 250 near Lancaster 38°49′52″N 85°30′58″W / 38.83111°N 85.51611°W / 38.83111 ; -85.51611 ( Eleutherian College )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_250', 'summary': 'State Road 250 ( SR 250 ) in the U.S. State of Indiana is a secondary route that runs from U.S. Route 50 ( US 50 ) in Brownstown eastward toward the Ohio River at State Road 156 ( SR 156 ) in Patriot in southeast Indiana . Towns include Uniontown , Paris Crossing , Canaan , and East Enterprise . SR 250 is split in two north of Madison due to the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge ( formerly the Jefferson Proving Ground ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lancaster,_Jefferson_County,_Indiana', 'summary': "Lancaster is an unincorporated community in Lancaster Township , Jefferson County , Indiana . Lancaster was platted on Oct. 5 , 1815 by David Hillis and William McFarland . The plat established 128 lots , reserving some for the construction of a courthouse , market house and place of public worship . They probably wanted to get the county seat moved from Madison . McFarland was a county judge and Hillis , a popular local politician , later became lieutenant government of Indiana . The Lancaster Post Office operated from March 16 , 1830 through August 30 , 1839 . Service went to Dupont , then to Republican and Franklin Mills , before returning to Lancaster on August 19 , 1841 . It closed on March 15 , 1907 . Before the Civil War , the area was a center of anti-slavery activity . The Neal 's Creek Anti-Slavery Baptist Church , founded in 1846 , moved to Lancaster in 1847 . It later became known as the College Hill Baptist Church and disappeared by 1879 . The Eleutherian College , founded in 1848 , was the second co-educational , integrated college to open in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Underground Railroad , African American , Education , Women', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgetown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Jefferson and Fifth Streets in Madison 38°44′22.8″N 85°22′37.6″W / 38.739667°N 85.377111°W / 38.739667 ; -85.377111 ( Georgetown )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Underground Railroad , African American , Historic District , Neighborhoods , and Towns', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irene Dunne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irene_Dunne', 'summary': 'Irene Dunne ( born Irene Marie Dunn , December 20 , 1898 - September 4 , 1990 ) was an American film actress and singer of the 1930s , 1940s , and early 1950s . Dunne was nominated five times for the Academy Award for Best Actress - for her performances in Cimarron ( 1931 ) , Theodora Goes Wild ( 1936 ) , The Awful Truth ( 1937 ) , Love Affair ( 1939 ) , and I Remember Mama ( 1948 ) . In 1985 , Dunne was given the Kennedy Center Honors for her services to the arts .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '105 E. Main Street in Madison 38°44′11″N 85°22′48″W / 38.73639°N 85.38000°W / 38.73639 ; -85.38000 ( Irene Dunne )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Arts and Culture , Women , Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John H. and Sarah Tibbets', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In front of the Tibbets House at 6810 N. Boyd Road near Madison 38°50′10″N 85°31′4″W / 38.83611°N 85.51778°W / 38.83611 ; -85.51778 ( John H. and Sarah Tibbets )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Indiana', 'summary': "Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Indiana , United States , along the Ohio River . As of the 2010 United States Census its population was 11,967 . Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles ( 24 km ) of downtown Madison . Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati . Madison is one of the core cities of the Louisville-Elizabethtown-Madison metroplex , an area with a population of approximately 1.5 million . In 2006 , the majority of Madison 's downtown area was designated the largest contiguous National Historic Landmark in the United States - 133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District ."}]}, {'value': 'Underground Railroad , African American , Religion , Education', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Historical markers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Indiana_state_historical_markers_in_Jefferson_County_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Jefferson County. This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Jefferson County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 13 historical markers located in Jefferson County.'}
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Along what river is the city that had a population of 11,967 in the 2010 U.S census and is the location of eight of the historical markers in Jefferson County ?
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Ohio
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029b0529df4943ed
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'title': 'Indonesia at the 2002 Asian Games', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taufik Hidayat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taufik_Hidayat', 'summary': "Taufik Hidayat ( born 10 August 1981 ) is a retired Indonesian badminton player . He is a former World and Olympic champion in the men 's singles . He has also won the Indonesia Open six times ( 1999 , 2000 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 and 2006 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton was contested at the 2002 Asian Games at the Gangseo Gymnasium in Busan , South Korea from 6 October to 14 October 2002 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelique Widjaja Liza Andriyani Wukirasih Sawondari Wynne Prakusya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelique_Widjaja', 'summary': 'Angelique Widjaja ( Chinese : 黄依林 ; pinyin : Huang Yīlín ; born 12 December 1984 ) is a retired Chinese Indonesian tennis player . She won the junior championships at Wimbledon in 2001 , defeating Dinara Safina . She reached a peak of No . 55 in the WTA singles rankings in March 2003 , and a peak of No . 15 in the doubles rankings in February 2004 . She retired from the professional circuit in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Liza_Andriyani', 'summary': "Liza Andriyani ( born 12 February 1979 ) is an Indonesian former professional tennis player . She made her debut as a professional in May 1993 , aged 14 , at Indonesia Open , a Tier IV WTA Tour event . In 1995 and 1996 , she appeared in several Grand Slam Junior Championships . Her best result at that level was reaching the 1995 US Open Junior Championships , where she and Tamarine Tanasugarn reached the semifinals . She was part of Indonesia 's Fed Cup team in 1996 , 1997 , 1999 , and 2004 . At the 2002 Asian Games , Andriyani was part of Indonesia 's successful women 's tennis team . In 2008 , she returned to professional tennis after an absence of four years . With partner Ayu-Fani Damayanti , she won the Women 's Doubles at the inaugural Garuda Indonesia Tennis Masters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wukirasih_Sawondari', 'summary': "Wukirasih Sawondari ( born 20 November 1980 ) is a retired Indonesian tennis player . She was coached by Suzanna Wibowo , and made her debut as a professional in December 1993 , aged 13 , at an ITF tournament in Singapore . Sawondari was part of Indonesia Fed Cup team in 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2001 and 2002 . At the 2002 Asian Games , she was part of Indonesia 's successful women 's team . At the 2011 Southeast Asian Games , Sawondari represented Indonesia in the sport of soft tennis . She won three gold medals , in women 's singles , women 's doubles , and women 's team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wynne_Prakusya', 'summary': "Wynne Prakusya ( born 26 April 1981 ) is a former tennis player from Indonesia . Her first appearance in a professional tournament occurred in 1996 , when she was 14 years old . She formally went professional in 1998 . Over her career , she has won two WTA doubles titles , nine ITF singles titles and 17 ITF doubles titles . As a junior , her highest achievements includes reaching the 1998 Australian Open junior finals and the 1998 Wimbledon and US Open junior quarterfinals . Her first appearance at a WTA event took place in April 1999 at the Japan Open . The first time she won a match in the WTA Tour was in the 1999 Wismilak International in Kuala Lumpur . In 2000 , Prakusya began to attempt qualification for the main draws of major tournaments . She also began to appear primarily at WTA rather than ITF events . Her first win in the main draw of a major came in the 2001 Australian Open , in which she and partner Janet Lee reached round two in the women 's doubles . Her first tournament win on the WTA Tour was in the doubles draw of the Stanford tournament in 2001 , again with partner Janet Lee . She and Lee also qualified for the WTA Tour Championships in Los Angeles in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Tennis were contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea from October 2 to October 12 , 2002 . Tennis had team , doubles , and singles events for men and women , as well as a mixed doubles competition . The tennis competition was held at the Geumjeong Tennis Stadium . The host nation South Korea finished first in the medal table with seven medals .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Team", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hasan Basri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hasan_Basri', 'summary': "Abū Saʿīd b. Abi l-Ḥasan Yasār al-Baṣrī , often referred to as Ḥasan of Basra ( Arabic : حسن البصري , Ḥasan al-Baṣrī ; 642 - 15 October 728 ) for short , or reverentially as Imam Ḥasan al-Baṣrī in Sunni Islam , [ citation needed ] was an early Muslim preacher , ascetic , theologian , exegete , scholar , judge , and mystic . Born in Medina in 642 , Hasan belonged to the second generation of Muslims , all of whom would subsequently be referred to as the tābiʿūn in Sunni Islamic piety . In fact , Hasan rose to become one of the most celebrated of the tābiʿūn , enjoying an acclaimed scholarly career and an even more remarkable posthumous legacy in Islamic scholarship . Hasan , revered for his austerity and support for renunciation ( zuhd ) , preached against worldliness and materialism during the early days of the Umayyad Caliphate , with his passionate sermons casting a deep impression on his contemporaries . His close relationships with several of the most prominent companions of the prophet Muhammad only strengthened his standing as a teacher and scholar of the Islamic sciences . The particular disciplines in which he is said to have excelled included exegesis ( tafsīr ) of the Quran , whence his name is invariably encountered in classical and medieval commentaries on the scripture , as well as theology and mysticism . Regarding the last of these , it is important to note that Hasan became a tremendously important figure in the development of Sufism with his name occurring in many mystical silsilas ( chains of teachers and their disciples ) going back to Muḥammad in the writings of Sunni mystics from the ninth-century onwards . In the words of one scholar , Hasan stands as the great patriarch of early Sufism . As scholars have noted , very few of Hasan 's original writings survive , with his proverbs and maxims on various subjects having been transmitted primarily through oral tradition by his numerous disciples . While fragments of his famed sermons do survive in the works of later authors , the only complete manuscripts we have bearing his name are apocryphal works such as the Risālat al-qadar ilā ʿAbd al-Malik ( Epistle to ʿAbd al-Malik against the Predestinarians ) , a pseudopigraphical text from the ninth or early-tenth century , and another letter of an ascetic and hortatory character addressed to Umar II ( d. 720 ) , which is likewise deemed spurious . Traditionally , Hasan has been commemorated as an outstanding figure by all the Sunni schools of thought , and was frequently designated as one the well respected of the early Islamic community in later writings by such important Sunni thinkers as Abu Talib al-Makki ( d. 996 ) , Abu Nu ` aym ( d. 1038 ) , Ali Hujwiri ( d. 1077 ) , Ibn al-Jawzi ( d. 1201 ) , and Attar of Nishapur ( d. 1221 ) . In his famed Ḳūt al-ḳulūb , the most important work of Basran Sunni mysticism , Abu Talib al-Makki says of Hasan : Ḥasan is our Imām in this doctrine which we represent ."}]}, {'value': 'Karate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karate_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Karate was competed by men and women at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Kata was contested along with Kumite . There were 11 gold medals contested for this sport . All competition took place at the Yangsan College Gymnasium on October 11 and 12 . Each country was limited to having 5 athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Kumite −65 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oka Sulaksana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oka_Sulaksana', 'summary': 'I Gusti Made Oka Sulaksana ( also known as Oka Sulaksana ; born 29 April 1971 ) is an Indonesian professional sailor and windsurfer . Oka won two Asian Games gold medal in 1998 and 2002 . He also represented Indonesia in the 1996 , 2000 , and 2004 Summer Olympics , all of which in Mistral One Design event . He also represented Indonesia in the 2008 Summer Olympics on RS : X event and was the flag-bearer for the country at the opening ceremony .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Sailing was contested at the 2002 Asian Games from October 3 to October 9 . Competition took place in various sailing disciplines at the Busan Yachting Center . 15 Gold medals were awarded in the various classes competing , from the Olympic 470 and Mistral to the Junior Optimist , in a regatta that saw very few of the eleven scheduled races not completed for all classes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Mistral Heavyweight", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's Team Taufik Hidayat Hendrawan Marleve Mainaky Rony Agustinus Nova Widianto Candra Wijaya Bambang Suprianto Sigit Budiarto Tri Kusharyanto Halim Haryanto", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taufik_Hidayat', 'summary': "Taufik Hidayat ( born 10 August 1981 ) is a retired Indonesian badminton player . He is a former World and Olympic champion in the men 's singles . He has also won the Indonesia Open six times ( 1999 , 2000 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 and 2006 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hendrawan', 'summary': "Hendrawan ( Chinese : 葉誠萬 ; pinyin : Ye Chengwan ; born June 27 , 1972 ) is a former Indonesian badminton player . Hendrawan began playing internationally in the early 1990s but at first was overshadowed by a number of his countrymen who rated among the world 's elite players . His results gradually improved , peaking at the end of the decade and the beginning of the next . He earned a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in men 's singles , and won men 's singles the 2001 World Championships over Denmark 's Peter Gade . Hendrawan was an outstanding Thomas Cup ( men 's world team ) performer for Indonesia , winning each of his championship round singles matches in the 1998 , 2000 , 2002 editions won by Indonesia . In the last of these his final match victory over Malaysia 's Roslin Hashim was decisive , breaking a 2-2 tie . Currently , he is working as a coach for Malaysia 's national badminton team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marleve_Mainaky', 'summary': "Marleve Mario Mainaky ( born 26 March 1972 ) is a former Indonesian badminton player who play in the singles event . He was part of the Indonesia men 's team that won the Thomas Cup in 1998 , 2000 , and 2002 . Mainaky had collected a silver and three bronzes at the Asian Championships . He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia , reaching into the quarterfinals . He was the men 's singles bronze medalist at the 2001 Southeast Asian Games , also helped the men 's team won the silver medal at that event , and 2002 Asian Games . After retired from the international tournament , he started his career as a badminton coach . Marleve Mainaky was the fifth of seven siblings of Jantje Rudolf Mainaky and Venna Hauvelman . Five of the siblings were also professional badminton player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rony_Agustinus', 'summary': "Rony Agustinus ( born 7 October 1978 ) is an Indonesian former badminton player , who now works as a badminton coach . As a junior player , he represented his country at the 1996 World Junior Championships settled the bronze medal in the boys ' singles event . In 1997 , he finished as the semi-finalists at the French and Indonesia International tournaments . He took the silver medal at the 2000 Asian Championships defeated by his teammates Taufik Hidayat in the final . In 2001 , he reached to the final of the 2001 Malaysia Open as an unseeded player , defeated a former All England champion Pullela Gopichand of India , his compatriot Hendrawan , the world champion , Park Tae-sang of South Korea , and Chen Hong of China en route to the final . He was failed to win the title after lost to host player Ong Ewe Hock . Agustinus played at the 2002 Busan Asian Games , helps the team won the silver medal . He also part of the national team that won the 2002 Thomas Cup . Agustinus started his career as a coach in Indonesia , and was appointed as a Malaysia national coach in 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nova_Widianto', 'summary': 'Nova Widianto ( born 10 October 1977 in Klaten , Central Java ) is a former male badminton player from Indonesia . He is currently the Indonesia national team mixed doubles assistant coach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Candra_Wijaya', 'summary': 'Rafael Candra Wijaya ( Chinese : 陳甲亮 ; born 16 September 1975 ) is a retired Indonesian badminton player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bambang_Suprianto', 'summary': 'Bambang Suprianto ( born February 20 , 1969 ) is a retired badminton player from Indonesia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sigit_Budiarto', 'summary': "Sigit Budiarto ( born 24 November 1975 ) is a male badminton player from Indonesia noted for his reflexes and deft handling of the racket . A men 's doubles specialist , he won numerous international titles between 1995 and 2005 , most of them in partnership with Candra Wijaya . He was a member of Indonesia 's world champion Thomas Cup ( men 's international ) teams of 1998 , 2000 and 2002 . Budiarto shared the World Men 's Doubles title with Wijaya in 1997 and they were runners-up in this event in 2003 and 2005 . They claimed the prestigious All-England Championship in 2003 . Among other titles , Budiarto has won doubles at the Asian Championships ( in 2004 with Trikus Haryanto ) , and at the French ( 1995 ) , Indonesia ( 1997 , 2001 ) ; Malaysia ( 2001 , 2005 ) ; China ( 1996 , 2004 , 2005 ) ; Japan ( 2001 ) ; and Singapore ( 1997 , 1998 , 2005 , 2006 ) Opens ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tri_Kusharyanto', 'summary': 'Tri Kusharjanto ( born 18 January 1974 ) is a badminton player from Indonesia . His name also appears variously as Tri Kusharyanto , Trikus Harjanto , Trikus Heryanto , and Trikus Haryanto .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Halim_Haryanto', 'summary': "Halim Haryanto Ho ( born 23 September 1976 in Bandung , West Java , Indonesia ) is a former professional Badminton men 's doubles player from Indonesia . He is a former World Champion and All England Champion along with his doubles partner Tony Gunawan . Haryanto immigrated to the United States of America in 2004 to pursue a coaching career . He now resides in San Diego , California , Apex Badminton Academy head coach at SDBCC in San Diego , California and representing the United States as a badminton player of Team USA ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton was contested at the 2002 Asian Games at the Gangseo Gymnasium in Busan , South Korea from 6 October to 14 October 2002 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agus Salim Koko Prasetyo Darkuncoro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koko_Prasetyo_Darkuncoro', 'summary': 'Koko Prasetyo Darkuncoro ( born October 2 , 1981 in Jakarta ) is a beach volleyball player from Indonesia . He competed at the 2006 Asian Games , and won a silver medal at the 2002 Asian Games . At the 2008 Asian Beach Games he received a gold medal with partner Andy Ardiyansah .'}]}, {'value': 'Beach Volleyball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Beach volleyball was one of the many sports which was held at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea .'}]}, {'value': 'Men', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wimpi Wungow', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Body Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bodybuilding_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Bodybuilding was one of the many sports which was held at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea between 3 and 6 October 2002 . The competition took place at Busan Citizens ' Hall . The competition included only men 's events for eight different weight categories . The host national South Korea topped the medal table by winning three gold medals higher than Singapore and Bahrain ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's +90 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uyun Muzizah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling - Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Road bicycle racing was held at the Road Cycle Race Stadium from September 30 to October 2 , while track cycling was contested at Geumjeong Velodrome from October 4 to October 8 and mountain biking was contested at Gijang Mountain Bike Race Stadium from October 10 to October 13 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Road Race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uyun Muzizah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling - Track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Road bicycle racing was held at the Road Cycle Race Stadium from September 30 to October 2 , while track cycling was contested at Geumjeong Velodrome from October 4 to October 8 and mountain biking was contested at Gijang Mountain Bike Race Stadium from October 10 to October 13 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Individual Pursuit", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelique Widjaja Wynne Prakusya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelique_Widjaja', 'summary': 'Angelique Widjaja ( Chinese : 黄依林 ; pinyin : Huang Yīlín ; born 12 December 1984 ) is a retired Chinese Indonesian tennis player . She won the junior championships at Wimbledon in 2001 , defeating Dinara Safina . She reached a peak of No . 55 in the WTA singles rankings in March 2003 , and a peak of No . 15 in the doubles rankings in February 2004 . She retired from the professional circuit in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wynne_Prakusya', 'summary': "Wynne Prakusya ( born 26 April 1981 ) is a former tennis player from Indonesia . Her first appearance in a professional tournament occurred in 1996 , when she was 14 years old . She formally went professional in 1998 . Over her career , she has won two WTA doubles titles , nine ITF singles titles and 17 ITF doubles titles . As a junior , her highest achievements includes reaching the 1998 Australian Open junior finals and the 1998 Wimbledon and US Open junior quarterfinals . Her first appearance at a WTA event took place in April 1999 at the Japan Open . The first time she won a match in the WTA Tour was in the 1999 Wismilak International in Kuala Lumpur . In 2000 , Prakusya began to attempt qualification for the main draws of major tournaments . She also began to appear primarily at WTA rather than ITF events . Her first win in the main draw of a major came in the 2001 Australian Open , in which she and partner Janet Lee reached round two in the women 's doubles . Her first tournament win on the WTA Tour was in the doubles draw of the Stanford tournament in 2001 , again with partner Janet Lee . She and Lee also qualified for the WTA Tour Championships in Los Angeles in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Tennis were contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea from October 2 to October 12 , 2002 . Tennis had team , doubles , and singles events for men and women , as well as a mixed doubles competition . The tennis competition was held at the Geumjeong Tennis Stadium . The host nation South Korea finished first in the medal table with seven medals .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erwin Abdullah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Weightlifting was contested from September 30 to October 10 at the 2002 Asian Games in Pukyong National University Gymnasium , Busan , South Korea .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's −69 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hendrawan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hendrawan', 'summary': "Hendrawan ( Chinese : 葉誠萬 ; pinyin : Ye Chengwan ; born June 27 , 1972 ) is a former Indonesian badminton player . Hendrawan began playing internationally in the early 1990s but at first was overshadowed by a number of his countrymen who rated among the world 's elite players . His results gradually improved , peaking at the end of the decade and the beginning of the next . He earned a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in men 's singles , and won men 's singles the 2001 World Championships over Denmark 's Peter Gade . Hendrawan was an outstanding Thomas Cup ( men 's world team ) performer for Indonesia , winning each of his championship round singles matches in the 1998 , 2000 , 2002 editions won by Indonesia . In the last of these his final match victory over Malaysia 's Roslin Hashim was decisive , breaking a 2-2 tie . Currently , he is working as a coach for Malaysia 's national badminton team ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton was contested at the 2002 Asian Games at the Gangseo Gymnasium in Busan , South Korea from 6 October to 14 October 2002 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halim Haryanto Tri Kusharyanto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halim_Haryanto', 'summary': "Halim Haryanto Ho ( born 23 September 1976 in Bandung , West Java , Indonesia ) is a former professional Badminton men 's doubles player from Indonesia . He is a former World Champion and All England Champion along with his doubles partner Tony Gunawan . Haryanto immigrated to the United States of America in 2004 to pursue a coaching career . He now resides in San Diego , California , Apex Badminton Academy head coach at SDBCC in San Diego , California and representing the United States as a badminton player of Team USA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tri_Kusharyanto', 'summary': 'Tri Kusharjanto ( born 18 January 1974 ) is a badminton player from Indonesia . His name also appears variously as Tri Kusharyanto , Trikus Harjanto , Trikus Heryanto , and Trikus Haryanto .'}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton was contested at the 2002 Asian Games at the Gangseo Gymnasium in Busan , South Korea from 6 October to 14 October 2002 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nova Widianto Vita Marissa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nova_Widianto', 'summary': 'Nova Widianto ( born 10 October 1977 in Klaten , Central Java ) is a former male badminton player from Indonesia . He is currently the Indonesia national team mixed doubles assistant coach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vita_Marissa', 'summary': 'Vita Marissa ( born 4 January 1981 in Jakarta , DKI Jakarta ) is a retired badminton player from Indonesia .'}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton was contested at the 2002 Asian Games at the Gangseo Gymnasium in Busan , South Korea from 6 October to 14 October 2002 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': 'Mixed Doubles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Risa Suseanty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling - Mountain Bike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Road bicycle racing was held at the Road Cycle Race Stadium from September 30 to October 2 , while track cycling was contested at Geumjeong Velodrome from October 4 to October 8 and mountain biking was contested at Gijang Mountain Bike Race Stadium from October 10 to October 13 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santria Tri Kusuma', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling - Track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Road bicycle racing was held at the Road Cycle Race Stadium from September 30 to October 2 , while track cycling was contested at Geumjeong Velodrome from October 4 to October 8 and mountain biking was contested at Gijang Mountain Bike Race Stadium from October 10 to October 13 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Points Race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bambang Maulidin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karate_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Karate was competed by men and women at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea . Kata was contested along with Kumite . There were 11 gold medals contested for this sport . All competition took place at the Yangsan College Gymnasium on October 11 and 12 . Each country was limited to having 5 athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Kumite −55 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rodiaman Rahmat Agus Budi Aji Aldino Maryandi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': "For the Rowing competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea , men 's and women 's singles , doubles , and fours competed at the Nakdong River Rowing and Canoeing Courses from September 30 to October 3 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Lightweight Coxless Four", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suwandi Peter Handoyo Tintus Wibowo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suwandi', 'summary': 'Many ethnic Chinese people have lived in Indonesia for many centuries . Over time , especially under social and political pressure during the New Order era , most Chinese Indonesians have adopted names that better match the local language .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Tennis were contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan , South Korea from October 2 to October 12 , 2002 . Tennis had team , doubles , and singles events for men and women , as well as a mixed doubles competition . The tennis competition was held at the Geumjeong Tennis Stadium . The host nation South Korea finished first in the medal table with seven medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raema Lisa Rumbewas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raema_Lisa_Rumbewas', 'summary': "Raema Lisa Rumbewas ( born September 10 , 1980 in Jayapura , Papua ) is an Indonesian weightlifter who competed in the women 's 48 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal with 185.0 kg in total . She also won a silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics , this time competing in the women 's 53 kg and lifting 210.0 kg in total . Another 210.0 kg was enough to win yet another silver medal at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships in Santo Domingo . She has been a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program since February 2003 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics she ranked 3rd in the 53 kg category , with a total of 206 kg ."}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2002_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Weightlifting was contested from September 30 to October 10 at the 2002 Asian Games in Pukyong National University Gymnasium , Busan , South Korea .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's −48 kg", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medal summary -- Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Indonesia_at_the_2002_Asian_Games_1', 'intro': 'Indonesia participated in the 2002 Asian Games held in the city of Busan, South Korea from 29 September 2002 to 14 October 2002. Indonesia ranked 14th with 4 gold medals in this edition of the Asiad.'}
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At which venue did the 6-time Indonesia Open champion compete ?
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Gangseo Gymnasium
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029b62cfd27a70ee
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II', 'title': 'List of aircraft of World War II', 'header': ['Name of aircraft', 'Year in service', 'Country of origin'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arado Ar 232', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arado_Ar_232', 'summary': 'The Arado Ar 232 Tausendfüßler ( German : Millipede ) , sometimes also called Tatzelwurm , was a cargo aircraft , designed and built in small numbers by the German firm Arado Flugzeugwerke during World War II . The design introduced , or brought together , almost all of the features now considered to be standard in modern cargo transport aircraft designs , including a box-like fuselage slung beneath a high wing ; a rear loading ramp ( that had first appeared on the December 1939-flown Junkers Ju 90 V5 fifth prototype four-engined transport via its Trapoklappe ) ; a high-mounted twin tail for easy access to the hold ; and various features for operating from rough fields . Although the Luftwaffe was interested in replacing or supplementing its fleet of outdated Junkers Ju 52/3m transports , it had an abundance of types in production at the time , and did not purchase large numbers of the Ar 232 .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Albemarle', 'summary': 'The Armstrong Whitworth A.W.41 Albemarle was a British twin-engine transport aircraft that entered service during the Second World War . Designed as a medium bomber , the Albemarle was used for general and special transport duties , paratroop transport and glider towing . Albemarle squadrons participated in Normandy and the assault on Arnhem during Operation Market Garden .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avro Lancastrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avro_Lancastrian', 'summary': 'The Avro 691 Lancastrian was a Canadian and British passenger and mail transport aircraft of the 1940s and 1950s developed from the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber . The Lancaster was named after Lancaster , Lancashire ; a Lancastrian is an inhabitant of Lancashire . The Lancastrian was basically a modified Lancaster bomber without armour or armament and with the gun turrets replaced by streamlined metal fairings , including a new nose section . The initial batch was converted directly from Lancasters ; later batches were new builds .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avro York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avro_York', 'summary': 'The Avro York was a British transport aircraft developed by Avro during the Second World War . The design was derived from the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber , several sections of the York and Lancaster being identical . Due to the importance of Lancaster production , York output proceeded at a slow pace until 1944 , after which a higher priority was placed upon transport aircraft . The York saw service in military and civilian roles with various operators between 1943 and 1964 . In civilian service , British South American Airways ( BSAA ) and British Overseas Airways Corporation ( BOAC ) were the largest users of the type . In military service , large numbers of Yorks were used for air-supply missions during the Berlin Blockade 1948-49 . A number of the type were used as air transports of heads of state and government ; VIPs who flew on Yorks , included British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , French General Charles de Gaulle , Indian Governor-General Lord Mountbatten and South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing 247/UC-73', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_247', 'summary': 'The Boeing Model 247 was an early United States airliner , considered the first such aircraft to fully incorporate advances such as all-metal ( anodized aluminium ) semimonocoque construction , a fully cantilevered wing and retractable landing gear . Other advanced features included control surface trim tabs , an autopilot and de-icing boots for the wings and tailplane . Ordered off the drawing board , the 247 first flew on February 8 , 1933 and entered service later that year . Subsequent development in airliner design saw engines and airframes becoming larger and four-engined designs emerged , but no significant changes to this basic formula appeared until cabin pressurization and high altitude cruise were introduced in 1940 , with the Boeing 307 Stratoliner .'}]}, {'value': '1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing 307/UC-75', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_307', 'summary': 'The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was a commercial transport aircraft that entered service in 1938 . It was the first to offer a pressurized cabin , allowing it to cruise at an altitude of 20,000 ft ( 6,000 m ) , well above many weather disturbances . The pressure differential was 2.5 psi ( 17 kPa ) , so at 14,700 ft ( 4,480 m ) the cabin air pressure was equivalent to an altitude of 8,000 ft ( 2,440 m ) . The Model 307 had capacity for a crew of six and 33 passengers . The cabin was nearly 12 ft ( 3.6 m ) across . It was the first land-based aircraft to include a flight engineer as a crew member ( several flying boats had included a flight engineer position earlier ) . In addition to its civilian service it was also flown as the Boeing C-75 Stratoliner by the United States Army Air Forces , who used it as a long-range cargolift aircraft .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing C-108 Flying Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_C-108_Flying_Fortress', 'summary': 'C-108 Flying Fortress was the designation of four United States B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers which were converted to transport aircraft during World War II .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bristol Bombay bomber/transport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bristol_Bombay', 'summary': 'The Bristol Bombay was a British troop transport aircraft adaptable for use as a medium bomber flown by the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) during the Second World War .'}]}, {'value': '1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bristol Buckingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bristol_Buckingham', 'summary': 'The Bristol Type 163 Buckingham was a British Second World War medium bomber for the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) . Overtaken by events , it was built in small numbers , and was used primarily for transport and liaison duties .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Budd RB Conestoga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Budd_RB_Conestoga', 'summary': 'The RB-1 Conestoga was a twin-engine , stainless steel cargo aircraft designed for the United States Navy during World War II by the Budd Company of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Although it did not see service in a combat theater , it pioneered design innovations in American cargo aircraft , later incorporated in modern military cargo airlifters .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caproni Ca.111', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caproni_Ca.111', 'summary': 'The Caproni Ca.111 was a long-range reconnaissance aircraft and light bomber produced in Italy during the 1930s . It was a derivative of the Ca.101 .'}]}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caproni Ca.133', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caproni_Ca.133', 'summary': 'The Caproni Ca.133 was a three-engined transport/bomber aircraft used by the Italian Regia Aeronautica from the Second Italo-Abyssinian War until World War II . Originally developed as a civilian airliner and successor to the Ca.101 , the Ca.133 prototype first flew in December 1934 , and production began in 1935 . The military versions of the aircraft were used as transports and light bombers and saw action on all fronts . A stretched transport version of the aircraft was produced as the Caproni Ca.148 .'}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caproni Ca.148', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caproni_Ca.148', 'summary': 'The Caproni Ca.133 was a three-engined transport/bomber aircraft used by the Italian Regia Aeronautica from the Second Italo-Abyssinian War until World War II . Originally developed as a civilian airliner and successor to the Ca.101 , the Ca.133 prototype first flew in December 1934 , and production began in 1935 . The military versions of the aircraft were used as transports and light bombers and saw action on all fronts . A stretched transport version of the aircraft was produced as the Caproni Ca.148 .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Consolidated C-87/C-109 Liberator Express', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express', 'summary': 'The Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express was a transport derivative of the B-24 Liberator heavy bomber built during World War II for the United States Army Air Forces . A total of 287 C-87s were built alongside the B-24 at the Consolidated Aircraft plant in Fort Worth , Texas . The plant also developed and delivered a USAAF flight engineer trainer designated as the AT-22 , a United States Navy VIP transport designated as the RY , and a Royal Air Force VIP transport designated as the Liberator C.IX . The last development was a Navy contracted , single tail version with an extended fuselage . Built in San Diego , its USN designation was RY-3 . In contrast , the C-109 Liberator was a fuel-transport converted from existing B-24 Bombers .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Curtiss-Wright C-46/R5C Commando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando', 'summary': "The Curtiss C-46 Commando is a twin-engine transport aircraft derived from the Curtiss CW-20 pressurised high-altitude airliner design . Early press reports used the name 'Condor III ' but the Commando name was in use by early 1942 in company publicity . It was used as a military transport during World War II by the United States Army Air Forces and also the U.S. Navy/Marine Corps , which used the designation R5C . The C-46 served in a similar role to its Douglas-built counterpart , the C-47 Skytrain , but it was not as extensively produced as the latter . After World War II , a few surplus C-46 aircraft were briefly used in their originally designated role as passenger airliners , but the glut of surplus C-47s dominated the marketplace and the C-46 was soon relegated to primarily cargo duty . The type continued in U.S. Air Force service in a secondary role until 1968 . The C-46 continues in operation as a rugged cargo transport for Arctic and remote locations with its service life extended into the 21st century ."}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'de Havilland Albatross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Havilland_Albatross', 'summary': 'The de Havilland DH.91 Albatross was a four-engine British transport aircraft in the 1930s . A total of seven aircraft were built in 1938-39 .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas C-47/R4D Skytrain/Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain', 'summary': 'The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota ( RAF , RAAF and RNZAF designation ) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner . It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II and remains in front-line service with various military operators .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas C-54/R5D Skymaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_C-54', 'summary': 'The Douglas C-54 Skymaster is a four-engined transport aircraft used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II and the Korean War . Like the Douglas C-47 Skytrain derived from the DC-3 , the C-54 Skymaster was derived from a civilian airliner , the Douglas DC-4 . Besides transport of cargo , the C-54 also carried presidents , prime ministers , and military staff . Dozens of variants of the C-54 were employed in a wide variety of non-combat roles such as air-sea rescue , scientific and military research , and missile tracking and recovery . During the Berlin Airlift it hauled coal and food supplies to West Berlin . After the Korean War it continued to be used for military and civilian uses by more than 30 countries . It was one of the first aircraft to carry the President of the United States .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas DC-2/C-32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_DC-2', 'summary': 'The Douglas DC-2 is a 14-seat , twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Corporation starting in 1934 . It competed with the Boeing 247 . In 1935 , Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3 , which became one of the most successful aircraft in history .'}]}, {'value': '1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas DC-3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_DC-3', 'summary': 'The Douglas DC-3 is a propeller-driven airliner which had a lasting effect on the airline industry in the 1930s/1940s and World War II . It was developed as a larger , improved 14-bed sleeper version of the Douglas DC-2 . It is a low-wing metal monoplane with a tailwheel landing gear , powered by two 1,200 hp ( 890 kW ) Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp radial piston engines . It has a cruise speed of 207 mph ( 333 km/h ) , capacity of 21 to 32 passengers or 6,000 lbs ( 2,700 kg ) of cargo , a range of 1,500 mi ( 2,400 km ) , and could operate from short runways . Before the war , it pioneered many air travel routes as it could cross the continental US and made worldwide flights possible , carried passengers in greater comfort , and was reliable and easy to maintain . It is considered the first airliner that could profitably carry only passengers . Following the war , the airliner market was flooded with surplus military transport aircraft , and the DC-3 could not be upgraded by Douglas due to cost . It was made obsolete on main routes by more advanced types such as the Douglas DC-6 and Lockheed Constellation , but the design proved adaptable and useful . Civil DC-3 production ended in 1942 at 607 aircraft . Military versions , including the C-47 Skytrain ( the Dakota in British RAF service ) , and Soviet- and Japanese-built versions , brought total production to over 16,000 . Many continue to see service in a variety of niche roles : 2,000 DC-3s and military derivatives were estimated to be still flying in 2013 . [ contradictory ]'}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Operational aircraft -- Transport and utility aircraft', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II_13', 'intro': 'The List of aircraft of World War II includes all the aircraft used by those countries which were at war during World War II from the period between their joining the conflict and the conflict ending for them. Aircraft developed but not used operationally in the war are in the prototypes section at the end. Prototypes for aircraft that entered service under a different design number are ignored in favour of the service version. The date the aircraft entered service, or was first flown if the service date is unknown or it did not enter service follows the name, followed by the country of origin and major wartime users. Aircraft used for multiple roles are generally only listed under their primary role unless specialized versions were built for other roles in significant numbers. Aircraft used by neutral countries such as Spain, Switzerland and Sweden or countries which did no significant fighting such as most of those in South America (except Brazil), are not included.'}
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In what year was the Tatzelwurm in service ?
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1943
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029c209ea2dfc169
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships', 'title': '2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Total'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marian Dragulescu ( ROU )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Dragulescu', 'summary': 'Marian Drăgulescu ( born December 18 , 1980 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . During his senior gymnastics career he has won an impressive 31 medals at Olympic games , and World or European Championships , of which eight are gold medals at the World Championships . He excels in vault and floor , on which he was a multiple world champion and Olympic medallist . His name will remain in gymnastics history not only because of his world titles on floor ( 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 ) and vault ( 2001 , 2005 , 2006 , 2009 ) , but also because of the extremely difficult vault that was named after him : a handspring double front somersault with ½ turn or the Drăgulescu . He was also an excellent all around gymnast , an event in which he was a European champion ( 2004 ) and bronze medallist ( 2000 ) , and placed 8th at the 2004 Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': '9.550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yordan Yovchev ( BUL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yordan_Yovchev', 'summary': 'Yordan Yovchev Yovchev ( Bulgarian : Йордан Йовчев Йовчев ; born February 24 , 1973 ) , also spelled Jordan Jovtchev , is a retired Bulgarian gymnast . He took part in six consecutive Olympic Games , more than any other Bulgarian athlete in Olympic history . He is president of the Bulgarian Gymnastics Federation and also serves as a sports commentator .'}]}, {'value': '9.550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Igors Vihrovs ( LAT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Igors_Vihrovs', 'summary': 'Igors Vihrovs ( born 6 June 1978 ) is a Latvian gymnast , who won the Gold Medal in floor exercise at the 2000 Summer Olympics , and the Bronze Medals in floor exercise in 2000 European Championships and 2001 World Championships . He was the first Olympic gold medalist for independent Latvia .'}]}, {'value': '9.425', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen McCain ( USA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_McCain', 'summary': 'Stephen ( Steve ) McCain ( born January 9 , 1974 ) is a retired American gymnast who competed at the 2000 Olympics and the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships . McCain attended the University of California , Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': '9.312', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jevgēņijs Saproņenko ( LAT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jevgēņijs_Saproņenko', 'summary': 'Jevgēņijs Saproņenko ( Ukrainian : Євгеній Сапроненко , born 11 November 1978 ) is a Latvian Ukrainian gymnast . His best discipline is vault where he has won silver medals in 1999 and 2001 World Championships and 2004 Summer Olympics . He has also shown good results in floor exercise .'}]}, {'value': '8.962', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexei Bondarenko ( RUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexei_Bondarenko', 'summary': 'Alexei Bondarenko ( born August 23 , 1978 ) is a gymnast who competed for Russia from 1996 to 2004 . He won two medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics - silver on the vault and bronze in the team event .'}]}, {'value': '8.937', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yernar Yerimbetov ( KAZ )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yernar_Yerimbetov', 'summary': "Yernar Yerimbetov ( born February 15 , 1980 in Almaty ) is a gymnast from Kazakhstan . Yerimbetov trained under the old Soviet system until the USSR broke up . He first competed internationally at age 17 , in the 1997 Junior International . He finished 24th All Around ( AA ) with a 46.650 . At the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , he made finals on Floor and Vault , finishing in 6th place . He also made finals on Floor and Vault , finishing out of the medals . Yerimbetov competed in many competitions during 2002 and 2003 . He won a gold medal on HB [ clarification needed ] at the Grand Prix at Ghent , Belgium in 2005 . [ citation needed ] He also won gold at the 2003 University Games and Asian Championships . [ citation needed ] At the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships , he placed 4th AA . Yerimbetov qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics but placed 14th in the Men 's individual all-around after placing fifth in Men 's artistic qualification . In the parallel bars competition , he finished eighth ."}]}, {'value': '8.712', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Beresh ( UKR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Beresh', 'summary': "Oleksandr Beresch ( Ukrainian : Олександр Береш ) ( October 12 , 1977 , Pervomaisk - February 29 , 2004 , Kiev ) , was a gymnast from Ukraine and Olympic medallist at the 2000 Sydney Games . Coached by former Soviet World Champion Igor Korobchinsky , Beresch began competing internationally for Ukraine in 1997 , winning a bronze medal on the high bar at his first World Championships . Over the next several years he became the preeminent male gymnast on the Ukrainian team , medalling at the World Cup several times . Beresch 's breakout year was 2000 ; in this year he was the European all-around and high bar champion , as well as the bronze all-around medalist at the 2000 Olympics . His contributions to the Ukrainian team helped them win their first team medal , a silver , in Sydney . He continued to turn in strong performances after the Olympics , winning three medals at the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and winning the high bar gold at the 2000 World finals in Paris ."}]}, {'value': '7.862', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Men -- Floor Exercise', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2001_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_1', 'intro': 'The 35th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Ghent, Belgium, in 2001 at the Flanders Sports Arena. This was the first Worlds at which the 6-3-3 - six athletes per team, three compete, all three scores count - format was used in team finals. 2001 Worlds was also the last World Championships in which three gymnasts per country were permitted to advance to the all-around finals.'}
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Who was the coach of the gymnast who finished 8th at the 2001 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships floor exercise ?
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Igor Korobchinsky
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitals', 'title': 'List of former national capitals', 'header': ['Old capital city', 'Country', 'Today a part of', 'From', 'Until', 'Change , reason'], 'data': [{'value': 'Assur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assur', 'summary': "Aššur , also known as Ashur and Qal'at Sherqat , was the capital of the Old Assyrian Empire ( 2025-1750 BC ) , the Middle Assyrian Empire ( 1365-1050 BC ) , and for a time , of the Neo-Assyrian Empire ( 911-608 BC ) . The remains of the city lie on the western bank of the Tigris River , north of the confluence with its tributary , the Little Zab , in what is now Iraq , more precisely in the al-Shirqat District of the Saladin Governorate . Occupation of the city itself continued for approximately 4,000 years , from c. 2600 BC to the mid-14th century AD , when the forces of Timur massacred its population . The site is a World Heritage Site , having been added to that organisation 's list of sites in danger in 2003 following the conflict that erupted following the 2003 invasion of Iraq and as a result of a proposed dam which would flood some of the site . Assur lies 65 kilometres ( 40 mi ) south of the site of Nimrud and 100 km ( 60 mi ) south of Nineveh ."}]}, {'value': 'Assyria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assyria', 'summary': "Assyria ( /əˈsɪəriə/ ) , also called the Assyrian Empire , was a Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant that existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC ( in the form of the Assur city-state ) until its collapse between 612 BC and 609 BC - spanning the periods of the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age . From the end of the seventh century BC ( when the Neo-Assyrian state fell ) to the mid-seventh century AD , it survived as a geopolitical entity , for the most part ruled by foreign powers such as the Parthian and early Sasanian Empires between the mid-second century BC and late third century AD , the final part of which period saw Mesopotamia become a major centre of Syriac Christianity and the birthplace of the Church of the East . A largely Semitic-speaking realm , Assyria was centred on the Tigris in Upper Mesopotamia . The Assyrians came to rule powerful empires in several periods . Making up a substantial part of the greater Mesopotamian cradle of civilization , which included Sumer , the Akkadian Empire , and Babylonia , Assyria reached the height of technological , scientific and cultural achievements for its time . At its peak , the Neo-Assyrian Empire of 911 to 609 BC stretched from eastern Libya and Cyprus in the East Mediterranean to Iran , and from present-day Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Transcaucasia to the Arabian Peninsula . The name Assyria originates with the Assyrian state 's original capital , the ancient city of Aššur , which dates to c. 2600 BC - originally one of a number of Akkadian-speaking city-states in Mesopotamia . In the 25th and 24th centuries BC , Assyrian kings were pastoral leaders . From the late 24th century BC , the Assyrians became subject to Sargon of Akkad , who united all the Akkadian- and Sumerian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire , which lasted from c. 2334 BC to 2154 BC . After the Assyrian Empire fell from power , the greater remaining part of Assyria formed a geopolitical region and province of other empires , although between the mid-2nd century BC and late 3rd century AD a patchwork of small independent Assyrian kingdoms arose in the form of Assur , Adiabene , Osroene , Beth Nuhadra , Beth Garmai and Hatra . The region of Assyria fell under the successive control of the Median Empire of 678 to 549 BC , the Achaemenid Empire of 550 to 330 BC , the Macedonian Empire ( late 4th century BC ) , the Seleucid Empire of 312 to 63 BC , the Parthian Empire of 247 BC to 224 AD , the Roman Empire ( from 116 to 118 AD ) and the Sasanian Empire of 224 to 651 AD . The Arab Islamic conquest of the area in the mid-seventh century finally dissolved Assyria ( Assuristan ) as a single entity , after which the remnants of the Assyrian people ( by now Christians ) gradually became an ethnic , linguistic , cultural and religious minority in the Assyrian homeland , surviving there to this day as an indigenous people of the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'fl . 2600 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9th century BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'moved to Calah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calah', 'summary': "Nimrud ( /nɪmˈruːd/ ; Arabic : النمرود ) is an ancient Assyrian city located 30 kilometres ( 20 mi ) south of the city of Mosul , and 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) south of the village of Selamiyah ( Arabic : السلامية ) , in the Nineveh plains in Upper Mesopotamia . It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC . The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) north of the point that the river Tigris meets its tributary the Great Zab . The city covered an area of 360 hectares ( 890 acres ) . The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre ( 1,100 yd ) of the modern-day Assyrian village of Noomanea in Nineveh Governorate , Iraq . The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by Carsten Niebuhr in the mid-18th century . [ note 1 ] In the mid 19th century , biblical archaeologists proposed the Biblical name of Kalhu ( the Biblical Calah ) , based on a description of the travels of Nimrod in Genesis 10 . [ note 2 ] Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845 , and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879 , and then from 1949 onwards . Many important pieces were discovered , with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad . In 2013 , the UK 's Arts and Humanities Research Council funded the Nimrud Project , directed by Eleanor Robson , whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times , to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud , distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide ( including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom ) . In 2015 , the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) announced its intention to destroy the site because of its un-Islamic Assyrian nature . In March 2015 , the Iraqi government reported that ISIL had used bulldozers to destroy excavated remains of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Calah ( Nimrud )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calah', 'summary': "Nimrud ( /nɪmˈruːd/ ; Arabic : النمرود ) is an ancient Assyrian city located 30 kilometres ( 20 mi ) south of the city of Mosul , and 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) south of the village of Selamiyah ( Arabic : السلامية ) , in the Nineveh plains in Upper Mesopotamia . It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC . The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) north of the point that the river Tigris meets its tributary the Great Zab . The city covered an area of 360 hectares ( 890 acres ) . The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre ( 1,100 yd ) of the modern-day Assyrian village of Noomanea in Nineveh Governorate , Iraq . The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by Carsten Niebuhr in the mid-18th century . [ note 1 ] In the mid 19th century , biblical archaeologists proposed the Biblical name of Kalhu ( the Biblical Calah ) , based on a description of the travels of Nimrod in Genesis 10 . [ note 2 ] Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845 , and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879 , and then from 1949 onwards . Many important pieces were discovered , with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad . In 2013 , the UK 's Arts and Humanities Research Council funded the Nimrud Project , directed by Eleanor Robson , whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times , to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud , distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide ( including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom ) . In 2015 , the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) announced its intention to destroy the site because of its un-Islamic Assyrian nature . In March 2015 , the Iraqi government reported that ISIL had used bulldozers to destroy excavated remains of the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nimrud', 'summary': "Nimrud ( /nɪmˈruːd/ ; Arabic : النمرود ) is an ancient Assyrian city located 30 kilometres ( 20 mi ) south of the city of Mosul , and 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) south of the village of Selamiyah ( Arabic : السلامية ) , in the Nineveh plains in Upper Mesopotamia . It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1350 BC and 610 BC . The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) north of the point that the river Tigris meets its tributary the Great Zab . The city covered an area of 360 hectares ( 890 acres ) . The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre ( 1,100 yd ) of the modern-day Assyrian village of Noomanea in Nineveh Governorate , Iraq . The name Nimrud was recorded as the local name by Carsten Niebuhr in the mid-18th century . [ note 1 ] In the mid 19th century , biblical archaeologists proposed the Biblical name of Kalhu ( the Biblical Calah ) , based on a description of the travels of Nimrod in Genesis 10 . [ note 2 ] Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845 , and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879 , and then from 1949 onwards . Many important pieces were discovered , with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad . In 2013 , the UK 's Arts and Humanities Research Council funded the Nimrud Project , directed by Eleanor Robson , whose aims were to write the history of the city in ancient and modern times , to identify and record the dispersal history of artefacts from Nimrud , distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide ( including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom ) . In 2015 , the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) announced its intention to destroy the site because of its un-Islamic Assyrian nature . In March 2015 , the Iraqi government reported that ISIL had used bulldozers to destroy excavated remains of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Assyria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assyria', 'summary': "Assyria ( /əˈsɪəriə/ ) , also called the Assyrian Empire , was a Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant that existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC ( in the form of the Assur city-state ) until its collapse between 612 BC and 609 BC - spanning the periods of the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age . From the end of the seventh century BC ( when the Neo-Assyrian state fell ) to the mid-seventh century AD , it survived as a geopolitical entity , for the most part ruled by foreign powers such as the Parthian and early Sasanian Empires between the mid-second century BC and late third century AD , the final part of which period saw Mesopotamia become a major centre of Syriac Christianity and the birthplace of the Church of the East . A largely Semitic-speaking realm , Assyria was centred on the Tigris in Upper Mesopotamia . The Assyrians came to rule powerful empires in several periods . Making up a substantial part of the greater Mesopotamian cradle of civilization , which included Sumer , the Akkadian Empire , and Babylonia , Assyria reached the height of technological , scientific and cultural achievements for its time . At its peak , the Neo-Assyrian Empire of 911 to 609 BC stretched from eastern Libya and Cyprus in the East Mediterranean to Iran , and from present-day Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Transcaucasia to the Arabian Peninsula . The name Assyria originates with the Assyrian state 's original capital , the ancient city of Aššur , which dates to c. 2600 BC - originally one of a number of Akkadian-speaking city-states in Mesopotamia . In the 25th and 24th centuries BC , Assyrian kings were pastoral leaders . From the late 24th century BC , the Assyrians became subject to Sargon of Akkad , who united all the Akkadian- and Sumerian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire , which lasted from c. 2334 BC to 2154 BC . After the Assyrian Empire fell from power , the greater remaining part of Assyria formed a geopolitical region and province of other empires , although between the mid-2nd century BC and late 3rd century AD a patchwork of small independent Assyrian kingdoms arose in the form of Assur , Adiabene , Osroene , Beth Nuhadra , Beth Garmai and Hatra . The region of Assyria fell under the successive control of the Median Empire of 678 to 549 BC , the Achaemenid Empire of 550 to 330 BC , the Macedonian Empire ( late 4th century BC ) , the Seleucid Empire of 312 to 63 BC , the Parthian Empire of 247 BC to 224 AD , the Roman Empire ( from 116 to 118 AD ) and the Sasanian Empire of 224 to 651 AD . The Arab Islamic conquest of the area in the mid-seventh century finally dissolved Assyria ( Assuristan ) as a single entity , after which the remnants of the Assyrian people ( by now Christians ) gradually became an ethnic , linguistic , cultural and religious minority in the Assyrian homeland , surviving there to this day as an indigenous people of the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': '13th Century BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '710 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moved to Nineveh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nineveh', 'summary': "Nineveh ( /ˈnɪnɪvə/ ; Arabic : نَيْنَوَىٰ Naynawā ; Syriac : ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ ; Akkadian : 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 URUNI.NU.A Ninua ) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia , located on the outskirts of Mosul in modern-day northern Iraq . It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire . Today it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris and the Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it . It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when , after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria , it was sacked by a coalition of its former subject peoples , the Babylonians , Medes , Chaldeans , Persians , Scythians and Cimmerians . Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul , in Iraq 's Nineveh Governorate . The two main tells , or mound-ruins , within the walls are Kuyunjiq ( Kuyuncuk ) and Tell Nabī Yūnus . Large amounts of Assyrian sculpture and other artifacts have been excavated and are now located in museums around the world . The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) occupied the site during the mid-2010s , during which time they bulldozed several of the monuments there and caused considerable damage to the others . Iraqi forces recaptured the area in January 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nineveh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nineveh', 'summary': "Nineveh ( /ˈnɪnɪvə/ ; Arabic : نَيْنَوَىٰ Naynawā ; Syriac : ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ ; Akkadian : 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 URUNI.NU.A Ninua ) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia , located on the outskirts of Mosul in modern-day northern Iraq . It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire . Today it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris and the Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it . It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when , after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria , it was sacked by a coalition of its former subject peoples , the Babylonians , Medes , Chaldeans , Persians , Scythians and Cimmerians . Its ruins are across the river from the modern-day major city of Mosul , in Iraq 's Nineveh Governorate . The two main tells , or mound-ruins , within the walls are Kuyunjiq ( Kuyuncuk ) and Tell Nabī Yūnus . Large amounts of Assyrian sculpture and other artifacts have been excavated and are now located in museums around the world . The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIL ) occupied the site during the mid-2010s , during which time they bulldozed several of the monuments there and caused considerable damage to the others . Iraqi forces recaptured the area in January 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Assyria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assyria', 'summary': "Assyria ( /əˈsɪəriə/ ) , also called the Assyrian Empire , was a Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant that existed as a state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC ( in the form of the Assur city-state ) until its collapse between 612 BC and 609 BC - spanning the periods of the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age . From the end of the seventh century BC ( when the Neo-Assyrian state fell ) to the mid-seventh century AD , it survived as a geopolitical entity , for the most part ruled by foreign powers such as the Parthian and early Sasanian Empires between the mid-second century BC and late third century AD , the final part of which period saw Mesopotamia become a major centre of Syriac Christianity and the birthplace of the Church of the East . A largely Semitic-speaking realm , Assyria was centred on the Tigris in Upper Mesopotamia . The Assyrians came to rule powerful empires in several periods . Making up a substantial part of the greater Mesopotamian cradle of civilization , which included Sumer , the Akkadian Empire , and Babylonia , Assyria reached the height of technological , scientific and cultural achievements for its time . At its peak , the Neo-Assyrian Empire of 911 to 609 BC stretched from eastern Libya and Cyprus in the East Mediterranean to Iran , and from present-day Armenia and Azerbaijan in the Transcaucasia to the Arabian Peninsula . The name Assyria originates with the Assyrian state 's original capital , the ancient city of Aššur , which dates to c. 2600 BC - originally one of a number of Akkadian-speaking city-states in Mesopotamia . In the 25th and 24th centuries BC , Assyrian kings were pastoral leaders . From the late 24th century BC , the Assyrians became subject to Sargon of Akkad , who united all the Akkadian- and Sumerian-speaking peoples of Mesopotamia under the Akkadian Empire , which lasted from c. 2334 BC to 2154 BC . After the Assyrian Empire fell from power , the greater remaining part of Assyria formed a geopolitical region and province of other empires , although between the mid-2nd century BC and late 3rd century AD a patchwork of small independent Assyrian kingdoms arose in the form of Assur , Adiabene , Osroene , Beth Nuhadra , Beth Garmai and Hatra . The region of Assyria fell under the successive control of the Median Empire of 678 to 549 BC , the Achaemenid Empire of 550 to 330 BC , the Macedonian Empire ( late 4th century BC ) , the Seleucid Empire of 312 to 63 BC , the Parthian Empire of 247 BC to 224 AD , the Roman Empire ( from 116 to 118 AD ) and the Sasanian Empire of 224 to 651 AD . The Arab Islamic conquest of the area in the mid-seventh century finally dissolved Assyria ( Assuristan ) as a single entity , after which the remnants of the Assyrian people ( by now Christians ) gradually became an ethnic , linguistic , cultural and religious minority in the Assyrian homeland , surviving there to this day as an indigenous people of the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': '1800 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '600 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Destroyed by Babylonians', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Babylon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Babylon', 'summary': "Babylon was the capital city of Babylonia , a kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia , between the 18th and 6th centuries BC . It was built along the left and right banks of the Euphrates river with steep embankments to contain the river 's seasonal floods . Babylon was originally a small Akkadian town dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c. 2300 BC . The town became part of a small independent city-state with the rise of the First Babylonian dynasty in the 19th century BC . The Amorite king Hammurabi created a short-lived empire in the 18th century BC . He built Babylon into a major city and declared himself its king . Southern Mesopotamia became known as Babylonia and Babylon eclipsed Nippur as its holy city . The empire waned under Hammurabi 's son Samsu-iluna and Babylon spent long periods under Assyrian , Kassite and Elamite domination . After being destroyed and then rebuilt by the Assyrians , Babylon became the capital of the short-lived Neo-Babylonian Empire from 609 to 539 BC . The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . After the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire , the city came under the rule of the Achaemenid , Seleucid , Parthian , Roman , and Sassanid empires . It has been estimated that Babylon was the largest city in the world c. 1770 - c. 1670 BC , and again c. 612 - c. 320 BC ."}]}, {'value': 'Babylonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Babylonia', 'summary': 'Babylonia ( /ˌbæbɪˈloʊniə/ ) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia ( present-day Iraq ) . A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC , which contained the minor administrative town of Babylon . It was merely a small provincial town during the Akkadian Empire ( 2335-2154 BC ) but greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC and became a major capital city . During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards , Babylonia was called the country of Akkad ( Māt Akkadī in Akkadian ) , a deliberate archaism in reference to the previous glory of the Akkadian Empire . It was often involved in rivalry with the older state of Assyria to the north and Elam to the east in Ancient Iran . Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi ( fl . c. 1792-1752 BC middle chronology , or c. 1696-1654 BC , short chronology ) created a short-lived empire , succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire , Third Dynasty of Ur , and Old Assyrian Empire . The Babylonian Empire , however , rapidly fell apart after the death of Hammurabi and reverted to a small kingdom . Like Assyria , the Babylonian state retained the written Akkadian language ( the language of its native populace ) for official use , despite its Northwest Semitic-speaking Amorite founders and Kassite successors , who spoke a language isolate , not being native Mesopotamians . It retained the Sumerian language for religious use ( as did Assyria ) , but already by the time Babylon was founded , this was no longer a spoken language , having been wholly subsumed by Akkadian . The earlier Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in Babylonian and Assyrian culture , and the region would remain an important cultural center , even under its protracted periods of outside rule . The earliest mention of the city of Babylon can be found in a clay tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad ( 2334-2279 BC ) , dating back to the 23rd century BC .'}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': '24th Century BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '141 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Conquered by Assyrians , Persians , Parthians , Alexander the Great , later abandoned completely', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mtskheta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mtskheta', 'summary': 'Mtskheta ( Georgian : მცხეთა , translit . : mtskheta [ mtsʰxɛtʰɑ ] ) is a city in Mtskheta-Mtianeti province of Georgia . One of the oldest cities of Georgia and its former capital , it is located approximately 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) north of Tbilisi , at the confluence of the Mtkvari and Aragvi rivers . Currently a small provincial capital , for nearly a millennium until the 5th century AD , Mtskheta was large fortified city , a significant economical and political centre of the Kingdom of Iberia . Due to its historical significance and several cultural monuments , the Historical Monuments of Mtskheta became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 . As the birthplace and one of the most vibrant centers of Christianity in Georgia , Mtskheta was declared as the Holy City by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2014 . In 2016 the Historical Monuments of Mtskheta were placed by UNESCO under Enhanced Protection , a mechanism established by the 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict .'}]}, {'value': 'Iberia , Kingdom of', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia', 'summary': 'Kingdom of Iberia may refer to :'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(country)', 'summary': "Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველო , translit . : sakartvelo , IPA : [ sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ ] ( listen ) ) , known until 1995 as the Republic of Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა , translit . : sakartvelos resp'ublik ' a ) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia . Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe , it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea , to the north by Russia , to the south by Turkey and Armenia , and to the southeast by Azerbaijan . The capital and largest city is Tbilisi . Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres ( 26,911 sq mi ) , and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million . Georgia is a unitary parliamentary republic , with the government elected through a representative democracy . During the classical era , several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia , such as Colchis and Iberia . The Georgians officially adopted Christianity in the early 4th century . The Georgian Orthodox Church had enormous importance for the spiritual and political unification of early Georgian states . The unified Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great in the 12th and early 13th centuries . Thereafter , the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers , including the Mongols , the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Iran ."}]}, {'value': '3rd century BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Capital moved to Tbilisi by Dachi of Iberia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tbilisi', 'summary': "Tbilisi ( English : /təbɪˈliːsi , təˈbɪlɪsi/ tə-bih-LEE-see , tə-BIL-ih-see ; Georgian : თბილისი [ tʰbilisi ] ( listen ) ) , in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis ( /ˈtɪflɪs/ TIF-lis ) , is the capital and the largest city of Georgia , lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people . Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia , and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics . Between 1801 and 1917 , then part of the Russian Empire , Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy , governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus . Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia , and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road , throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers . The city 's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects . Tbilisi 's diverse history is reflected in its architecture , which is a mix of medieval , neoclassical , Beaux Arts , Art Nouveau , Stalinist and the Modern structures . Historically , Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural , ethnic , and religious backgrounds , though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian . Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni , Freedom Square , Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue , medieval Narikala Fortress , the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater , and the Georgian National Museum . The climate in Tbilisi mostly ranges from 18 to 30 °C ( 64 to 86 °F ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dachi_of_Iberia', 'summary': 'Dachi ( Georgian : დაჩი , also Darchi , დარჩი , or Darchil , დარჩილი ) , of the Chosroid Dynasty , was the king of Iberia ( Kartli , eastern Georgia ) reigning , according to a medieval Georgian literary tradition , for 12 years , from c. 522 to 534 . He was given a territorial epithet Ujarmeli ( უჯარმელი , i.e. , of/from Ujarma ) for having spent years at his residence at Ujarma . According to the medieval Georgian chronicles , Dachi was the eldest son of King Vakhtang I Gorgasal by Balendukht , daughter of the Iranian Sassanid king Hormizd III . He succeeded his father , who had launched an abortive rebellion against the Sassanid hegemony , and took a more conciliatory line with his Iranian suzerains . From his base at Ujarma in Kakheti , which had constituted the royal demesne from the days of the early Chosroids , he spent special missionary efforts to further Christianize his mountainous subjects . He also enlarged the town of Tbilisi and completed the construction of its citadel which had been founded by his father . Dachi was succeeded by his son , Bacurius II .'}]}, {'value': 'Susa , Anshan ( Persia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susa', 'summary': 'Susa was an ancient city of the Proto-Elamite , Elamite , First Persian Empire , Seleucid , Parthian , and Sasanian empires of Iran , and one of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East . It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km ( 160 mi ) east of the Tigris River , between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers . The site now consists of three gigantic mounds , occupying an area of about one square kilometer , known as the Apadana mound , the Acropolis mound , and the Ville Royale ( royal town ) mound . The modern Iranian town of Shush is located on the site of ancient Susa . Shush is identified as Shushan , mentioned in the Book of Esther and other Biblical books .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anshan_(Persia)', 'summary': 'Anshan ( Sumerian : 𒀭𒍝𒀭 Anzan ) , modern Tall-e Malyan ( Persian : تل ملیان ) , was an ancient city in Persia . It was located in the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran , approximately 46 kilometres ( 29 mi ) north of Shiraz and 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) west of Persepolis in the Beyza/Ramjerd plain , in the province of Fars . Its location serves as a landmark for Elamite studies . It was one of the earliest urban states of the Mesopotamian area and earliest capitals of Elam from the late 4th century BC . It fell under the rule of the Persians in the 7th century BC and then became one of the early capitals of Persia . Most of what is known about Anshan has been discovered through ancient artifacts discovered in archaeological digs at Tall-e Malyan and passages in early Elamite texts .'}]}, {'value': 'Proto-Elamite , Elam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proto-Elamite', 'summary': 'The Proto-Elamite period , also known as Susa III , is the time from ca . 3400 BC to 2500 BC in the area of Elam . In archaeological terms this corresponds to the late Banesh period , and it is recognized as the oldest civilization in Iran . The Proto-Elamite script is an Early Bronze Age writing system briefly in use before the introduction of Elamite cuneiform .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elam', 'summary': 'Elam ( /ˈiːləm/ ; Elamite : 𒁹𒄬𒆷𒁶𒋾 haltamti ; Sumerian : 𒉏𒈠𒆠 NIM.MAki ; Hebrew : עֵילָם ʿÊlām ; Old Persian : 𐎢𐎺𐎩 Ūvja ) was an ancient Pre-Iranian civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran , stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq . The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam ( a ) , along with the later Akkadian elamtu , and the Elamite haltamti . Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East . In classical literature Elam was also known as Susiana ( US : /ˌsuːʒiˈænə/ UK : /ˌsuːziˈɑːnə/ ; Ancient Greek : Σουσιανή Sousiānḗ ) , a name derived from its capital Susa . Elam was part of the early urbanization during the Chalcolithic period ( Copper Age ) . The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history , where slightly earlier records have been found . In the Old Elamite period ( Middle Bronze Age ) , Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau , centered in Anshan , and from the mid-2nd millennium BC , it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands . Its culture played a crucial role during the Persian Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded Elam , when the Elamite language remained among those in official use . Elamite is generally considered a language isolate unrelated to the much later arriving Persian and Iranic languages ; however , some linguists hypothesize that Elamite and the Dravidian languages of India belong to the same language family . In accordance with geographical and archaeological matches , some historians argue that the Elamites comprise a large portion of the ancestors of the modern day Lurs , whose language , Luri , split from Middle Persian .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '3200 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '850 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Conquered by Mannaeans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mannaeans', 'summary': 'The Mannaeans /məˈniːənz/ ( country name usually Mannea ; Akkadian : Mannai , Biblical Hebrew Minni , ( מנּי ) were an ancient people who lived in the territory of present-day northwestern Iran south of lake Urmia , around the 10th to 7th centuries BC . At that time they were neighbors of the empires of Assyria and Urartu , as well as other small buffer states between the two , such as Musasir and Zikirta . In the Bible ( Jeremiah 51:27 ) the Mannaeans are called Minni . In the Jewish Encyclopedia ( 1906 ) , Minni is identified with Iranian Azerbaijan , but it could refer to one of the provinces in ancient Armenia ; Minni , Ararat and Ashkenaz . According to examinations of the place and personal names found in Assyrian and Urartian texts , the Mannaeans , or at least their rulers , spoke Hurrian , a non-Semitic and non-Indo-European language related to Urartian , with no modern language connections .'}]}, {'value': 'Zirta ( Izirtu )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mannaeans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mannaeans', 'summary': 'The Mannaeans /məˈniːənz/ ( country name usually Mannea ; Akkadian : Mannai , Biblical Hebrew Minni , ( מנּי ) were an ancient people who lived in the territory of present-day northwestern Iran south of lake Urmia , around the 10th to 7th centuries BC . At that time they were neighbors of the empires of Assyria and Urartu , as well as other small buffer states between the two , such as Musasir and Zikirta . In the Bible ( Jeremiah 51:27 ) the Mannaeans are called Minni . In the Jewish Encyclopedia ( 1906 ) , Minni is identified with Iranian Azerbaijan , but it could refer to one of the provinces in ancient Armenia ; Minni , Ararat and Ashkenaz . According to examinations of the place and personal names found in Assyrian and Urartian texts , the Mannaeans , or at least their rulers , spoke Hurrian , a non-Semitic and non-Indo-European language related to Urartian , with no modern language connections .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '850 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '728 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Conquered by Median Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Medes', 'summary': "The Medes [ N 1 ] were an ancient Iranian people [ N 2 ] who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran . Late 9th to early 7th centuries BC , the region of Media was bounded by the Zagros Mountains to its west , to its south by the Garrin Mountain in Lorestan Province , to its northwest by the Qaflankuh Mountains in Zanjan Province , and to its east by the Dasht-e Kavir desert . Its neighbors were the kingdoms of Gizilbunda and Mannea in the northwest , and Ellipi and Elam in the south . In the 8th century BC , Media 's tribes came together to form the Median Kingdom , which became a Neo-Assyrian vassal . Between 616 and 609 BC , King Cyaxares ( 624-585 BC ) allied with King Nabopolassar of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and destroyed the Neo-Assyrian Empire , after which the Median Empire stretched across the Iranian Plateau as far as Anatolia . Its precise geographical extent remains unknown . A few archaeological sites ( discovered in the Median triangle in western Iran ) and textual sources ( from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries ) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state . Apart from a few personal names , the language of the Medes is unknown . The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion ( a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping ) with a priesthood named as Magi . Later , during the reigns of the last Median kings , the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Ecbatana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ecbatana', 'summary': "Ecbatana ( /ɛkˈbætənə/ ; Old Persian : 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 Hagmatāna or Haŋmatāna , literally the place of gathering , Elamite : 𒀝𒈠𒁕𒈾 Ag-ma-da-na Middle Persian : 𐭠𐭧𐭬𐭲𐭠𐭭\u200f and Parthian : 𐭀𐭇𐭌𐭕𐭍 Ahmadān , Aramaic : אַחְמְתָא Aḥmeta , Ancient Greek : Ἀγβάτανα in Aeschylus and Herodotus , Ἐκβάτανα , Akkadian : 𒆳𒀀𒃵𒋫𒉡 kura-gam-ta-nu in the Nabonidus Chronicle ) was an ancient city in Media in western Iran . It is believed that Ecbatana is in Hagmatana Hill ( Tappe-ye Hagmatāna ) , an archaeological mound in Hamedan . According to Herodotus , Ecbatana was chosen as the Medes ' capital in the late 8th century BC by Deioces . Under the Achaemenid Persian kings , Ecbatana , situated at the foot of Mount Alvand , became a summer residence . Later , it became the capital of the Parthian kings , at which time it became their main mint , producing drachm , tetradrachm , and assorted bronze denominations . The wealth and importance of the city in the Persian empire is attributed to its location on a crucial crossroads that made it a staging post on the main East-West highway . In 330 BC , Ecbatana was the site of the assassination of the Macedonian general Parmenion by order of Alexander the Great ."}]}, {'value': 'Median Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Medes', 'summary': "The Medes [ N 1 ] were an ancient Iranian people [ N 2 ] who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran . Late 9th to early 7th centuries BC , the region of Media was bounded by the Zagros Mountains to its west , to its south by the Garrin Mountain in Lorestan Province , to its northwest by the Qaflankuh Mountains in Zanjan Province , and to its east by the Dasht-e Kavir desert . Its neighbors were the kingdoms of Gizilbunda and Mannea in the northwest , and Ellipi and Elam in the south . In the 8th century BC , Media 's tribes came together to form the Median Kingdom , which became a Neo-Assyrian vassal . Between 616 and 609 BC , King Cyaxares ( 624-585 BC ) allied with King Nabopolassar of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and destroyed the Neo-Assyrian Empire , after which the Median Empire stretched across the Iranian Plateau as far as Anatolia . Its precise geographical extent remains unknown . A few archaeological sites ( discovered in the Median triangle in western Iran ) and textual sources ( from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries ) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state . Apart from a few personal names , the language of the Medes is unknown . The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion ( a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping ) with a priesthood named as Magi . Later , during the reigns of the last Median kings , the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '728 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '550 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'captured by Cyrus the Great', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great', 'summary': "Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great , and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks , was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire , the first Persian Empire . Under his rule , the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East , expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia . From the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east , Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen . Under his successors , the empire eventually stretched at its maximum extent from parts of the Balkans ( Bulgaria-Paeonia and Thrace-Macedonia ) and Eastern Europe proper in the west , to the Indus Valley in the east . His regal titles in full were The Great King , King of Persia , King of Anshan , King of Media , King of Babylon , King of Sumer and Akkad , and King of the Four Corners of the World . The Nabonidus Chronicle notes the change in his title from simply King of Anshan , a city , to King of Persia . Assyriologist François Vallat wrote that When Astyages marched against Cyrus , Cyrus is called 'King of Anshan , but when Cyrus crosses the Tigris on his way to Lydia , he is 'King of Persia . ' The coup therefore took place between these two events . The reign of Cyrus the Great lasted c. 30 years . Cyrus built his empire by first conquering the Median Empire , then the Lydian Empire , and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire . He led an expedition into Central Asia , which resulted in major campaigns that were described as having brought into subjection every nation without exception . Cyrus did not venture into Egypt , and was alleged to have died in battle , fighting the Massagetae along the Syr Darya in December 530 BC ."}]}, {'value': 'Pasargadae', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pasargadae', 'summary': "Pasargadae ( from Ancient Greek : Πασαργάδαι , from Old Persian Pāθra-gadā , protective club or strong club ; Modern Persian : پاسارگاد Pāsārgād ) was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great ( 559-530 BCE ) , who ordered its construction . Today it is an archaeological site and one of Iran 's UNESCO World Heritage Sites , about 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) to the northeast of the modern city of Shiraz . A limestone tomb there is believed to be that of Cyrus the Great ."}]}, {'value': 'Persian Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire', 'summary': "The Achaemenid Empire ( /əˈkiːmənɪd/ ; 𐎧𐏁𐏂 Xšāça ( Old Persian ) The Empire c. 550-330 BC ) , also called the First Persian Empire , was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great . Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east , it was larger than any previous empire in history , spanning 5.5 million square kilometers . Incorporating various peoples of different origins and faiths , it is notable for its successful model of a centralised , bureaucratic administration ( through satraps under the King of Kings ) , for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system , the use of an official language across its territories , and the development of civil services and a large professional army . The empire 's successes inspired similar systems in later empires . By the 7th century BC , the Persians had settled in the south-western portion of the Iranian Plateau in the region of Persis , which came to be their heartland . From this region , Cyrus the Great advanced to defeat the Medes , Lydia , and the Neo-Babylonian Empire , establishing the Achaemenid Empire . Alexander the Great , an avid admirer of Cyrus the Great , conquered most of the empire by 330 BC . Upon Alexander 's death , most of the empire 's former territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire , in addition to other minor territories which gained independence at that time . The Iranian elites of the central plateau reclaimed power by the second century BC under the Parthian Empire . The Achaemenid Empire is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon . The historical mark of the empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural , social , technological and religious influences as well . Despite the lasting conflict between the two states , many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange , some being employed by or allied to the Persian kings ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '559 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '538 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Capital moved to Susa by Cambyses II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susa', 'summary': 'Susa was an ancient city of the Proto-Elamite , Elamite , First Persian Empire , Seleucid , Parthian , and Sasanian empires of Iran , and one of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East . It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km ( 160 mi ) east of the Tigris River , between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers . The site now consists of three gigantic mounds , occupying an area of about one square kilometer , known as the Apadana mound , the Acropolis mound , and the Ville Royale ( royal town ) mound . The modern Iranian town of Shush is located on the site of ancient Susa . Shush is identified as Shushan , mentioned in the Book of Esther and other Biblical books .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cambyses_II', 'summary': 'Cambyses II ( Old Persian : 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 Kabūjiya ) was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 530 to 522 BC . He was the son and successor of Cyrus the Great ( r. 550 - 530 BC ) and his mother was Cassandane . Before his accession , Cambyses had briefly served as the governor of northern Babylonia under his father from April 539 BC to December 538 BC . Afterwards , he continued to roam in the Babylonian cities of Babylon and Sippar , before being appointed by his father as co-ruler in 530 BC , who set off to mount an expedition against the Massagetae of Central Asia , where he met his end . Cambyses thus became the sole ruler of the vast Achaemenid Empire , facing no noticeable opposition . His relatively brief reign was marked by his conquests in Africa , notably Egypt , which he conquered after his victory over the Egyptian pharaoh Psamtik III ( r. 526 - 525 BC ) at the battle of Pelusium in 525 BC . After having established himself in Egypt , he expanded his holdings in Africa even further , such as his conquest of Cyrenaica . In the spring of 522 BC , Cambyses hurriedly left Egypt to deal with a rebellion in Persia . While en route in Syria ( Eber-Nari ) , he received a wound to the thigh , which was soon affected by gangrene . Cambyses died three weeks later at a location called Agbatana , which is most likely the modern city of Hama . He died childless , and was thus succeeded by his younger brother Bardiya , who ruled for a short period before being overthrown by Darius the Great ( r. 522 - 486 BC ) , who went on to increase the power of the Achaemenids even further .'}]}, {'value': 'Susa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susa', 'summary': 'Susa was an ancient city of the Proto-Elamite , Elamite , First Persian Empire , Seleucid , Parthian , and Sasanian empires of Iran , and one of the most important cities of the Ancient Near East . It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km ( 160 mi ) east of the Tigris River , between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers . The site now consists of three gigantic mounds , occupying an area of about one square kilometer , known as the Apadana mound , the Acropolis mound , and the Ville Royale ( royal town ) mound . The modern Iranian town of Shush is located on the site of ancient Susa . Shush is identified as Shushan , mentioned in the Book of Esther and other Biblical books .'}]}, {'value': 'Persian Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire', 'summary': "The Achaemenid Empire ( /əˈkiːmənɪd/ ; 𐎧𐏁𐏂 Xšāça ( Old Persian ) The Empire c. 550-330 BC ) , also called the First Persian Empire , was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great . Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east , it was larger than any previous empire in history , spanning 5.5 million square kilometers . Incorporating various peoples of different origins and faiths , it is notable for its successful model of a centralised , bureaucratic administration ( through satraps under the King of Kings ) , for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system , the use of an official language across its territories , and the development of civil services and a large professional army . The empire 's successes inspired similar systems in later empires . By the 7th century BC , the Persians had settled in the south-western portion of the Iranian Plateau in the region of Persis , which came to be their heartland . From this region , Cyrus the Great advanced to defeat the Medes , Lydia , and the Neo-Babylonian Empire , establishing the Achaemenid Empire . Alexander the Great , an avid admirer of Cyrus the Great , conquered most of the empire by 330 BC . Upon Alexander 's death , most of the empire 's former territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire , in addition to other minor territories which gained independence at that time . The Iranian elites of the central plateau reclaimed power by the second century BC under the Parthian Empire . The Achaemenid Empire is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon . The historical mark of the empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural , social , technological and religious influences as well . Despite the lasting conflict between the two states , many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange , some being employed by or allied to the Persian kings ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '538 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '515 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Capital moved to Persepolis by Darius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persepolis', 'summary': 'Persepolis ( /pɝˈsepəlɪs/ , Old Persian : 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 , Pārsa ) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire ( ca . 550-330 BC ) . It is situated 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) northeast of the city of Shiraz in Fars Province , Iran . The earliest remains of Persepolis date back to 515 BC . It exemplifies the Achaemenid style of architecture . UNESCO declared the ruins of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Darius_the_Great', 'summary': "Darius I ( Old Persian : Dārayava ( h ) uš , New Persian : داریوش Dāryuš ; Hebrew : דָּרְיָוֶשׁ , Modern : Darəyaveš , Tiberian : Dāryāwéš ; c. 550-486 BCE ) , commonly known as Darius the Great , was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire , reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE . He ruled the empire at its peak , when it included much of West Asia , parts of the Caucasus , parts of the Balkans ( Thrace-Macedonia , and Paeonia ) , most of the Black Sea coastal regions , Central Asia , as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt ( Mudrâya ) , eastern Libya , and coastal Sudan . Darius ascended the throne by overthrowing the legitimate Achaemenid monarch Bardiya , whom he later fabricated to be a imposter named Gaumata . The new king met with rebellions throughout his kingdom and quelled them each time . A major event in Darius 's life was his expedition to punish Athens and Eretria for their aid in the Ionian Revolt and subjugate Greece . Although ultimately ending in failure at the Battle of Marathon , Darius succeeded in the re-subjugation of Thrace , expansion of the empire through the conquest of Macedon , the Cyclades and the island of Naxos and the sacking of the city of Eretria . Darius organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern it . He organized Achaemenid coinage as a new uniform monetary system , along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire . He also put the empire in better standing by building roads and introducing standard weights and measures . Through these changes , the empire was centralized and unified . Darius also worked on construction projects throughout the empire , focusing on Susa , Pasargadae , Persepolis , Babylon , and Egypt . He had the cliff-face Behistun Inscription carved to record his conquests , an important testimony of the Old Persian language ."}]}, {'value': 'Persepolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persepolis', 'summary': 'Persepolis ( /pɝˈsepəlɪs/ , Old Persian : 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 , Pārsa ) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire ( ca . 550-330 BC ) . It is situated 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) northeast of the city of Shiraz in Fars Province , Iran . The earliest remains of Persepolis date back to 515 BC . It exemplifies the Achaemenid style of architecture . UNESCO declared the ruins of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Persian Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire', 'summary': "The Achaemenid Empire ( /əˈkiːmənɪd/ ; 𐎧𐏁𐏂 Xšāça ( Old Persian ) The Empire c. 550-330 BC ) , also called the First Persian Empire , was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great . Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east , it was larger than any previous empire in history , spanning 5.5 million square kilometers . Incorporating various peoples of different origins and faiths , it is notable for its successful model of a centralised , bureaucratic administration ( through satraps under the King of Kings ) , for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system , the use of an official language across its territories , and the development of civil services and a large professional army . The empire 's successes inspired similar systems in later empires . By the 7th century BC , the Persians had settled in the south-western portion of the Iranian Plateau in the region of Persis , which came to be their heartland . From this region , Cyrus the Great advanced to defeat the Medes , Lydia , and the Neo-Babylonian Empire , establishing the Achaemenid Empire . Alexander the Great , an avid admirer of Cyrus the Great , conquered most of the empire by 330 BC . Upon Alexander 's death , most of the empire 's former territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire , in addition to other minor territories which gained independence at that time . The Iranian elites of the central plateau reclaimed power by the second century BC under the Parthian Empire . The Achaemenid Empire is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon . The historical mark of the empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural , social , technological and religious influences as well . Despite the lasting conflict between the two states , many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange , some being employed by or allied to the Persian kings ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '515 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '331 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'captured by Alexander the Great and incorporated into Macedonian Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_the_Great', 'summary': "Alexander III of Macedon ( Greek : Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών ; 20/21 July 356 BC - 10/11 June 323 BC ) , commonly known as Alexander the Great ( Ancient Greek : Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας , romanized : Aléxandros ho Mégas ) , was a king ( basileus ) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon [ a ] and a member of the Argead dynasty . He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20 . He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa , and by the age of thirty , he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world , stretching from Greece to northwestern India . He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history 's most successful military commanders . During his youth , Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16 . After Philip 's assassination in 336 BC , he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army . Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father 's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia . In 334 BC , he invaded the Achaemenid Empire ( Persian Empire ) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years . Following the conquest of Anatolia , Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles , most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela . He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety . [ b ] At that point , his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River . Alexander endeavoured to reach the ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea and invaded India in 326 BC , winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Macedon', 'summary': "Macedonia ( /ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Μακεδονία , Makedonía ) , also called Macedon ( /ˈmæsɪdɒn/ ) , was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece , and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece . The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty , which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties . Home to the ancient Macedonians , the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula , and bordered by Epirus to the west , Paeonia to the north , Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south . Before the 4th century BC , Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens , Sparta and Thebes , and briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia . During the reign of the Argead king Philip II ( 359-336 BC ) , Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy . With a reformed army containing phalanxes wielding the sarissa pike , Philip II defeated the old powers of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC . Philip II 's son Alexander the Great , leading a federation of Greek states , accomplished his father 's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he destroyed Thebes after the city revolted . During Alexander 's subsequent campaign of conquest , he overthrew the Achaemenid Empire and conquered territory that stretched as far as the Indus River . For a brief period , his empire was the most powerful in the world - the definitive Hellenistic state , inaugurating the transition to a new period of Ancient Greek civilization . Greek arts and literature flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in philosophy , engineering , and science spread throughout much of the ancient world . Of particular importance were the contributions of Aristotle , tutor to Alexander , whose writings became a keystone of Western philosophy . After Alexander 's death in 323 BC , the ensuing wars of the Diadochi , and the partitioning of Alexander 's short-lived empire , Macedonia remained a Greek cultural and political center in the Mediterranean region along with Ptolemaic Egypt , the Seleucid Empire , and the Kingdom of Pergamon ."}]}, {'value': 'Seleucia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seleucia', 'summary': 'Seleucia ( /sɪˈljuːʃə/ ) , also known as Seleucia-on-Tigris or Seleucia on the Tigris , was a major Mesopotamian city of the Seleucid , Parthian , and Sasanian empires . It stood on the west bank of the Tigris River opposite Ctesiphon , within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq .'}]}, {'value': 'Seleucid Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seleucid_Empire', 'summary': "The Seleucid Empire ( /sɪˈljuːsɪd/ ; Ancient Greek : Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν , Basileía tōn Seleukidōn ) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC ; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian Empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great . Seleucus received Babylonia ( 321 BC ) and from there expanded his dominions to include much of Alexander 's near-eastern territories . At the height of its power , the Empire included central Anatolia , Persia , the Levant , Mesopotamia , and what is now Kuwait , Afghanistan , and parts of Pakistan and Turkmenistan . The Seleucid Empire became a major center of Hellenistic culture - it maintained the preeminence of Greek customs where a Greek political elite dominated , mostly in the urban areas . The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by immigration from Greece . Seleucid attempts to defeat their old enemy Ptolemaic Egypt were frustrated by Roman demands . Having come into conflict in the east ( 305 BC ) with Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire , Seleucus I entered into an agreement with Chandragupta whereby he ceded vast territory west of the Indus , including the Hindu Kush , modern-day Afghanistan , and the Balochistan province of Pakistan and offered his daughter in marriage to the Maurya Emperor to formalize the alliance . Antiochus III the Great attempted to project Seleucid power and authority into Hellenistic Greece , but his attempts were thwarted by the Roman Republic and by Greek allies such as the Kingdom of Pergamon , culminating in a Seleucid defeat at the 190 BC Battle of Magnesia . In the subsequent Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC , the Seleucids were compelled to pay costly war reparations and relinquished claims to territories west of the Taurus Mountains . The Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia conquered much of the remaining eastern part of the Seleucid Empire in the mid-2nd century BC , while the independent Greco-Bactrian Kingdom continued to flourish in the northeast . However , the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great in 83 BC and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey in 63 BC ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '305 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '240 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'moved to Antioch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antioch', 'summary': "Antioch on the Orontes ( /ˈænti.ɒk/ ; Ancient Greek : Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου , Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou ; also Syrian Antioch ) [ note 1 ] was an ancient Greek city on the eastern side of the Orontes River . Its ruins lie near the modern city of Antakya , Turkey , to which the ancient city lends its name . Antioch was founded near the end of the fourth century BC by Seleucus I Nicator , one of Alexander the Great 's generals . The city 's geographical , military , and economic location benefited its occupants , particularly such features as the spice trade , the Silk Road , and the Royal Road . It eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East . The city was the capital of the Seleucid Empire until 63 B.C . when the Romans took control , making it the seat of the governor of the province of Syria . From the early 4th century , the city was the seat of the Count of the Orient , head of the regional administration of sixteen provinces . [ citation needed ] It was also the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period . Antioch was one of the most important cities in the eastern Mediterranean of Rome 's dominions . It covered almost 1,100 acres ( 4.5 km2 ) within the walls of which one quarter was mountain , leaving 750 acres ( 3.0 km2 ) about one-fifth the area of Rome within the Aurelian Walls . Antioch was called the cradle of Christianity as a result of its longevity and the pivotal role that it played in the emergence of both Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity ."}]}, {'value': 'Antioch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antioch', 'summary': "Antioch on the Orontes ( /ˈænti.ɒk/ ; Ancient Greek : Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου , Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou ; also Syrian Antioch ) [ note 1 ] was an ancient Greek city on the eastern side of the Orontes River . Its ruins lie near the modern city of Antakya , Turkey , to which the ancient city lends its name . Antioch was founded near the end of the fourth century BC by Seleucus I Nicator , one of Alexander the Great 's generals . The city 's geographical , military , and economic location benefited its occupants , particularly such features as the spice trade , the Silk Road , and the Royal Road . It eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East . The city was the capital of the Seleucid Empire until 63 B.C . when the Romans took control , making it the seat of the governor of the province of Syria . From the early 4th century , the city was the seat of the Count of the Orient , head of the regional administration of sixteen provinces . [ citation needed ] It was also the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period . Antioch was one of the most important cities in the eastern Mediterranean of Rome 's dominions . It covered almost 1,100 acres ( 4.5 km2 ) within the walls of which one quarter was mountain , leaving 750 acres ( 3.0 km2 ) about one-fifth the area of Rome within the Aurelian Walls . Antioch was called the cradle of Christianity as a result of its longevity and the pivotal role that it played in the emergence of both Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity ."}]}, {'value': 'Seleucid Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seleucid_Empire', 'summary': "The Seleucid Empire ( /sɪˈljuːsɪd/ ; Ancient Greek : Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν , Basileía tōn Seleukidōn ) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC ; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian Empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great . Seleucus received Babylonia ( 321 BC ) and from there expanded his dominions to include much of Alexander 's near-eastern territories . At the height of its power , the Empire included central Anatolia , Persia , the Levant , Mesopotamia , and what is now Kuwait , Afghanistan , and parts of Pakistan and Turkmenistan . The Seleucid Empire became a major center of Hellenistic culture - it maintained the preeminence of Greek customs where a Greek political elite dominated , mostly in the urban areas . The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by immigration from Greece . Seleucid attempts to defeat their old enemy Ptolemaic Egypt were frustrated by Roman demands . Having come into conflict in the east ( 305 BC ) with Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire , Seleucus I entered into an agreement with Chandragupta whereby he ceded vast territory west of the Indus , including the Hindu Kush , modern-day Afghanistan , and the Balochistan province of Pakistan and offered his daughter in marriage to the Maurya Emperor to formalize the alliance . Antiochus III the Great attempted to project Seleucid power and authority into Hellenistic Greece , but his attempts were thwarted by the Roman Republic and by Greek allies such as the Kingdom of Pergamon , culminating in a Seleucid defeat at the 190 BC Battle of Magnesia . In the subsequent Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC , the Seleucids were compelled to pay costly war reparations and relinquished claims to territories west of the Taurus Mountains . The Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia conquered much of the remaining eastern part of the Seleucid Empire in the mid-2nd century BC , while the independent Greco-Bactrian Kingdom continued to flourish in the northeast . However , the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great in 83 BC and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey in 63 BC ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '240 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Parthia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parthia', 'summary': 'Parthia ( Old Persian : 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava ; Parthian : 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 Parθaw ; Middle Persian : 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw ) is a historical region located in north-eastern Iran . It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Medes during the 7th century BC , was incorporated into the subsequent Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC , and formed part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire following the 4th-century-BC conquests of Alexander the Great . The region later served as the political and cultural base of the Eastern-Iranian Parni people and Arsacid dynasty , rulers of the Parthian Empire ( 247 BC - 224 AD ) . The Sasanian Empire , the last state of pre-Islamic Iran , also held the region and maintained the Seven Parthian clans as part of their feudal aristocracy .'}]}, {'value': 'Ctesiphon , Hecatompylos , Mithridatkird-Nisa , Asaak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ctesiphon', 'summary': "Ctesiphon ( /ˈtɛsɪfɒn/ TESS-if-on ; Attic Greek : [ ktɛːsipʰɔ̂ːn ] ; Middle Persian : 𐭲𐭩𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭭 tyspwn or tysfwn , Persian : تیسفون , Greek : Κτησιφῶν ) was an ancient city , located on the eastern bank of the Tigris , and about 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) southeast of present-day Baghdad . Ctesiphon served as a royal capital of the Persian Empire in the Parthian and Sasanian eras for over eight hundred years . Ctesiphon remained the capital of the Sasanian Empire until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD . Ctesiphon developed into a rich commercial metropolis , merging with the surrounding cities along both shores of the river , including the Hellenistic city of Seleucia . Ctesiphon and its environs were therefore sometimes referred to as The Cities ( Aramaic : Mahuza , Arabic : المدائن , al-Mada'in ) . In the late sixth and early seventh century , it was one of the largest cities in the world . During the Roman-Parthian Wars , Ctesiphon fell three times to the Romans , and later fell twice during Sasanian rule . It was also the site of the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363 AD . After the Muslim invasion the city fell into decay and was depopulated by the end of the eighth century , its place as a political and economic center taken by the Abbasid capital at Baghdad . The most conspicuous structure remaining today is the Taq Kasra , sometimes called the Archway of Ctesiphon ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hecatompylos', 'summary': 'Qumis ( Persian : قومس ; Middle Persian 𐭪𐭥𐭬𐭩𐭮 Kōmis ) , also known as Hecatompylos ( Ancient Greek : Εκατόμπυλος , in Persian : صددروازه , Saddarvazeh ) was an ancient city which was the capital of the Arsacid dynasty by 200 BCE . The Greek name Hekatompylos means one hundred gates and the Persian term has the same meaning . The title was commonly used for cities which had more than the traditional four gates . It may be understood better as the Many Gated . Most scholars locate it at Sahr -e Qumis , in the Qumis region in west Khurasan , Iran . Alexander the Great stopped here in the summer of 330 BCE and it became part of the Seleucid Empire after his death . The Parni tribe took the city around 237 BCE and made it one of the first capitals of their Parthian Empire . It was mentioned as the royal city of the Parthians by a number of classical writers including Strabo , Pliny , and Ptolemy , although the Parthians seemed to have used a number of cities as their capital at different periods . Qumis was destroyed by an earthquake in 856 AD , and it was probably abandoned afterwards . The site of this ancient city is now called Šahr-e Qumis ( Persian : شهر قومس ) , between Semnan and Damqan in the Semnan Province . In 2011 plans for an International Project of Tourism & Recreational City were published , using the name of Hecatompylos . The project envisions using an area of 250 hectares ( 620 acres ) close to the city of Damghan , which would place the resort at about 30 km ( 19 mi ) northeast of the historic site .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nisa,_Turkmenistan', 'summary': 'Nisa ( Ancient Greek : Νῖσος and Νίσα and Νίσαιον ) ( also Parthaunisa ) was an ancient settlement of the Iranian peoples , located near ( modern-day ) Bagir village , 18 km southwest of Ashgabat , Turkmenistan . Nisa is described by some as the first seat of central government of the Parthians . It is traditionally assumed to have been founded by Arsaces I ( reigned c. 250 BC-211 BC ) and was reputedly the royal residence of the Parthian kings , although it has not been established that the fortress at Nisa was either a royal residence or a mausoleum . In 2007 , the fortress was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Asaak', 'summary': 'Asaak , Arsacia ( Latin ) or Arshak ( Parthian ) was an ancient city which was a capital and royal necropolis of the Parthian Empire . Many of the Parthian kings such as Arsaces I were crowned in Asaak . It is located in modern Iran near Quchan in the upper Atrek River valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Parthian Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parthian_Empire', 'summary': "The Parthian Empire ( /ˈpɑːrθiən/ ; 247 BC - 224 AD ) , also known as the Arsacid Empire ( /ˈɑːrsəsɪd/ ) , was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran . Its latter name comes from Arsaces I of Parthia who , as leader of the Parni tribe , founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran 's northeast , then a satrapy ( province ) under Andragoras , in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire . Mithridates I of Parthia ( r. c. 171-138 BC ) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids . At its height , the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates , in what is now central-eastern Turkey , to eastern Iran . The empire , located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China , became a center of trade and commerce . The Parthians largely adopted the art , architecture , religious beliefs , and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire , which encompassed Persian , Hellenistic , and regional cultures . For about the first half of its existence , the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture , though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions . The Arsacid rulers were titled the King of Kings , as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire ; indeed , they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed , albeit largely autonomous , satraps . The court did appoint a small number of satraps , largely outside Iran , but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates . With the expansion of Arsacid power , the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris ( south of modern Baghdad , Iraq ) , although several other sites also served as capitals . The earliest enemies of the Parthians were the Seleucids in the west and the Scythians in the north . However , as Parthia expanded westward , they came into conflict with the Kingdom of Armenia , and eventually the late Roman Republic ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '240 BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '224', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Sassanid Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sassanid_Empire', 'summary': "The Sasanian Empire ( /səˈsɑːniən , səˈseɪniən/ ) , officially known as the Empire of Iranians ( Middle Persian : 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 Ērānshahr [ a ] ) , also called the Neo-Persian Empire by historians , was the last kingdom of the Persian Empire before the rise of Islam . Named after the House of Sasan , it ruled from 224 to 651 AD . The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire and was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival , the Roman-Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years . The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I , after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king , Artabanus V. At its greatest extent , the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today 's Iran , Iraq , Eastern Arabia ( Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatif , Qatar , UAE ) , the Levant ( Syria , Palestine , Lebanon , Israel , Jordan ) , the Caucasus ( Armenia , Georgia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Dagestan ) , Egypt , large parts of Turkey , much of Central Asia ( Afghanistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan ) , Yemen and Pakistan . According to a legend , the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani . The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran 's most important , and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the Islamization of Iran . In many ways , the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation . The Sasanians ' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire 's territorial borders , reaching as far as Western Europe , Africa , China and India . It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art . Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art , architecture , music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world ."}]}, {'value': 'Firouzabad , Ctesiphon , Damghan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Firouzabad', 'summary': 'Firuzabad ( Persian : فيروزآباد also Romanized as Fīrūzābād ; Middle Persian : Gōr or Ardashir-Khwarrah , literally The Glory of Ardashir ; also Shahr-e Gūr شهر گور ) is a city and capital of Firuzabad County , Fars Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 58,210 , in 12,888 families . Firuzabad is located south of Shiraz . The city is surrounded by a mud wall and ditch . The original ancient city of Gor , dating back to the Achaemenid period , was destroyed by Alexander the Great . Centuries later , Ardashir I , the founder of the Sassanian Empire , revived the city before it was ransacked during the Arab Muslim invasion of the seventh century . It was again revived by the Buyids , but was eventually abandoned in the Qajar period and was replaced by a nearby town , which is now Firuzabad .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ctesiphon', 'summary': "Ctesiphon ( /ˈtɛsɪfɒn/ TESS-if-on ; Attic Greek : [ ktɛːsipʰɔ̂ːn ] ; Middle Persian : 𐭲𐭩𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭭 tyspwn or tysfwn , Persian : تیسفون , Greek : Κτησιφῶν ) was an ancient city , located on the eastern bank of the Tigris , and about 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) southeast of present-day Baghdad . Ctesiphon served as a royal capital of the Persian Empire in the Parthian and Sasanian eras for over eight hundred years . Ctesiphon remained the capital of the Sasanian Empire until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD . Ctesiphon developed into a rich commercial metropolis , merging with the surrounding cities along both shores of the river , including the Hellenistic city of Seleucia . Ctesiphon and its environs were therefore sometimes referred to as The Cities ( Aramaic : Mahuza , Arabic : المدائن , al-Mada'in ) . In the late sixth and early seventh century , it was one of the largest cities in the world . During the Roman-Parthian Wars , Ctesiphon fell three times to the Romans , and later fell twice during Sasanian rule . It was also the site of the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363 AD . After the Muslim invasion the city fell into decay and was depopulated by the end of the eighth century , its place as a political and economic center taken by the Abbasid capital at Baghdad . The most conspicuous structure remaining today is the Taq Kasra , sometimes called the Archway of Ctesiphon ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Damghan', 'summary': 'Damghan ( Persian : دامغان , also Romanized as Dāmghān ) is the capital of Damghan County , Semnan Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 57,331 , in 15,849 families . It is situated 342 kilometres ( 213 mi ) east of Tehran on the high-road to Mashad , at an elevation of 1,250 m ( 4,101 ft ) . It is one of the oldest cities on the Iranian plateau , stretching back 7000 years , and boasts many sites of historic interest . The oldest of these is Tappeh Hessar , lying to the southeast of the city , which holds the ruins of a castle dating from the Sassanid period . The Tarikhaneh is one of the oldest mosques in Iran , built as a fire temple during the Sassanid dynasty it was converted into a mosque after the advent of Islam . There are also many other historical buildings belonging to Seljuks and other periods . Apart from its historical interest , the city today is mainly known for pistachios and paper almonds ( kaghazi ) with very thin shells .'}]}, {'value': 'Sassanid Empire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sassanid_Empire', 'summary': "The Sasanian Empire ( /səˈsɑːniən , səˈseɪniən/ ) , officially known as the Empire of Iranians ( Middle Persian : 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 Ērānshahr [ a ] ) , also called the Neo-Persian Empire by historians , was the last kingdom of the Persian Empire before the rise of Islam . Named after the House of Sasan , it ruled from 224 to 651 AD . The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire and was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival , the Roman-Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years . The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I , after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king , Artabanus V. At its greatest extent , the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today 's Iran , Iraq , Eastern Arabia ( Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatif , Qatar , UAE ) , the Levant ( Syria , Palestine , Lebanon , Israel , Jordan ) , the Caucasus ( Armenia , Georgia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Dagestan ) , Egypt , large parts of Turkey , much of Central Asia ( Afghanistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan ) , Yemen and Pakistan . According to a legend , the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani . The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran 's most important , and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the Islamization of Iran . In many ways , the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation . The Sasanians ' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire 's territorial borders , reaching as far as Western Europe , Africa , China and India . It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art . Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art , architecture , music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '224', 'urls': []}, {'value': '637', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fell in Islamic conquest of Persia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_Persia', 'summary': "The Muslim conquest of Persia , also known as the Arab invasion of Iran , led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire of Iran ( Persia ) in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion . The rise of Muslims coincided with an unprecedented political , social , economic , and military weakness in Persia . Once a major world power , the Sasanian Empire had exhausted its human and material resources after decades of warfare against the Byzantine Empire . The internal political situation quickly deteriorated after the execution of King Khosrow II in 628 AD . Subsequently , ten new claimants were enthroned within the next four years . With civil war erupting between different factions , the empire was no longer centralized . Arab Muslims first attacked the Sassanid territory in 633 , when general Khalid ibn Walid invaded Mesopotamia ( Sassanid province of Asōristān ; what is now Iraq ) , which was the political and economic center of the Sassanid state . Following the transfer of Khalid to the Byzantine front in the Levant , the Muslims eventually lost their holdings to Sasanian counterattacks . The second invasion began in 636 under Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas , when a key victory at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah led to the permanent end of Sasanian control west of Iran . The Zagros mountains , a natural barrier , marked the border between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sassanid Empire . Caliph Umar ordered a full invasion of the Sasanian empire in 642 , which led to the complete conquest of the Sasanians around 651 . Directing from Medina , a few thousand kilometres away , Caliph Umar 's quick conquest of Iran in a series of well-coordinated , multi-pronged attacks became his greatest triumph , contributing to his reputation as a great military and political strategist ."}]}, {'value': 'Nishapur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nishapur', 'summary': 'Nishapur or Nishabur ( Persian : نیشابور ; also romanized as Nīshāpūr , Nišâpur , Nişapur , Nīshābūr , Neyshābūr , and Neeshapoor ; from Middle Persian New-Shabuhr , meaning New City of Shapur , Fair Shapur , or Perfect built of Shapur ) is a city in Khorasan Razavi Province , capital of the Nishapur County and former capital of Khorasan Province , in northeastern Iran , situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains . It had an estimated population of 239,185 as of 2011 and its county 433,105 . Nearby are the turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia . The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a Sasanian satrapy capital . Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830 , and was later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037 . From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural , commercial , and intellectual center within the Islamic world . Nishapur , along with Merv , Herat and Balkh were one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities in the middle ages , a seat of governmental power in eastern of caliphate , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups , a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana and China , Iraq and Egypt . Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century , but was destroyed and the entire population slaughtered by Mongols in 1221 . This massacre , combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions are believed to have destroyed the pottery industry the city was known for .'}]}, {'value': 'Tahirid dynasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty', 'summary': "The Tahirid dynasty ( Persian : طاهریان , romanized : Tâheriyân , pronounced [ t̪ʰɒːheɾiˈjɒːn ] ) was a dynasty , of Persian dehqan origin , that effectively ruled the Khorasan from 821 to 873 while other members of the dynasty served as military and security commanders for the city of Baghdad from 820 until 891 . [ a ] The dynasty was founded by Tahir ibn Husayn , a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun . Their capital in Khorasan was initially located at Merv but was later moved to Nishapur . The Tahirids have been described as the first independent Iranian dynasty after the fall of the Sassanian Empire . However , according Hugh Kennedy : The Tahirids are sometimes considered as the first independent Iranian dynasty , but such a view is misleading . The arrangement was effectively a partnership between the Abbasids and the Tahirids . And instead , the Tahirids were loyal to the Abbasid caliphs and enjoyed considerable autonomy rather than being independent from the central authority . The tax revenue from Khorasan that was sent to the caliphal treasury was perhaps larger than those collected previously ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '821', 'urls': []}, {'value': '873', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Saffarid dynasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty', 'summary': "The Saffarid dynasty ( Persian : صفاریان ) was a Sunni Iranian dynasty from Sistan that ruled over parts of eastern Iran , with its capital at Zaranj ( a city now in southwestern Afghanistan ) , from 861 to 1003 . One of the first indigenous Persian dynasties to emerge after the Islamic conquest , the Saffarid dynasty was part of the Iranian Intermezzo . The dynasty 's founder was Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar , who was born in 840 in a small town called Karnin ( Qarnin ) , which was located east of Zaranj and west of Bost , in what is now Afghanistan . A native of Sistan and a local ayyār , Ya'qub worked as a coppersmith ( ṣaffār ) before becoming a warlord . He seized control of the Sistan region and began conquering most of Iran and Afghanistan , as well as parts of Pakistan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The Saffarids used their capital Zaranj as a base for an aggressive expansion eastward and westward . They first invaded the areas south of the Hindu Kush , and then overthrew the Persian Tahirid dynasty , annexing Khorasan in 873 . By the time of Ya'qub 's death , he had conquered the Kabul Valley , Sindh , Tocharistan , Makran ( Balochistan ) , Kerman , Fars , Khorasan , and nearly reached Baghdad but then suffered a defeat by the Abbasids . The Saffarid dynasty did not last long after Ya'qub 's death . His brother and successor , Amr bin Laith , was defeated at the Battle of Balkh against Ismail Samani in 900 . Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of his territories to the new rulers . The Saffarids were subsequently confined to their heartland of Sistan , with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors ."}]}, {'value': 'Zaranj , Amol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zaranj', 'summary': "Zaranj or Zarang ( Persian/Pashto/Balochi : زرنج ) is a city in southwestern Afghanistan , near the border with Iran , which has a population of 160,902 people as of 2015 . It is the capital of Nimruz province and is linked by highways with Lashkar Gah to the east , Farah to the north and the Iranian city of Zabol to the west . Zaranj is a major border crossing between Afghanistan and Iran , which is of significant importance to the trade-route between Central Asia and South Asia with the Middle East . Zaranj is a Trading and Transit Hub in western Afghanistan , on the border with Iran . There are 17,878 residential dwellings in Zarat and 1,759 hectares of agricultural land . Commercial land use is clustered on the main road to Iran . The history of Zaranj dates back over 2500 years and Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar , founder of the Saffarid dynasty was born in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amol', 'summary': 'Amol ( Persian : آمل - [ ɒˈmol ] ; pronunciation ( help·info ) ; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul ) is a city and the administrative center of Amol County , Mazandaran Province , Iran . In the 2006 census , the surveyed population of the city was 197,470 , in 55,183 families . Amol is located on the Haraz river bank . It is less than 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) south of the Caspian sea and less than 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) north of the Alborz mountains . It is 180 kilometres ( 110 mi ) from Tehran , and 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) west of the provincial capital , Sari . Amol is a historic city , with its foundation dating back to the Amard .'}]}, {'value': 'Saffarid dynasty , Alavids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty', 'summary': "The Saffarid dynasty ( Persian : صفاریان ) was a Sunni Iranian dynasty from Sistan that ruled over parts of eastern Iran , with its capital at Zaranj ( a city now in southwestern Afghanistan ) , from 861 to 1003 . One of the first indigenous Persian dynasties to emerge after the Islamic conquest , the Saffarid dynasty was part of the Iranian Intermezzo . The dynasty 's founder was Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar , who was born in 840 in a small town called Karnin ( Qarnin ) , which was located east of Zaranj and west of Bost , in what is now Afghanistan . A native of Sistan and a local ayyār , Ya'qub worked as a coppersmith ( ṣaffār ) before becoming a warlord . He seized control of the Sistan region and began conquering most of Iran and Afghanistan , as well as parts of Pakistan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan . The Saffarids used their capital Zaranj as a base for an aggressive expansion eastward and westward . They first invaded the areas south of the Hindu Kush , and then overthrew the Persian Tahirid dynasty , annexing Khorasan in 873 . By the time of Ya'qub 's death , he had conquered the Kabul Valley , Sindh , Tocharistan , Makran ( Balochistan ) , Kerman , Fars , Khorasan , and nearly reached Baghdad but then suffered a defeat by the Abbasids . The Saffarid dynasty did not last long after Ya'qub 's death . His brother and successor , Amr bin Laith , was defeated at the Battle of Balkh against Ismail Samani in 900 . Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of his territories to the new rulers . The Saffarids were subsequently confined to their heartland of Sistan , with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alavids', 'summary': 'Alid dynasties of northern Iran or Alâvids . In the 9th-14th centuries , the northern Iranian regions of Tabaristan , Daylam and Gilan , sandwiched between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz range , came under the rule of a number of Alid dynasties , espousing the Zaydi branch of Shia Islam . The first and most powerful Zaydi emirate was established in Tabaristan in 864 and lasted until 928 . It was interrupted by Samanid occupation in 900 , but restored in 914 by another Alid branch . The second period of the Alid emirate was plagued by internal dissensions and power struggles between the two branches , and ended in the second conquest of the region by the Samanids in 928 . Subsequently , some of the soldiers and generals of the Alavids joined the Samanids , among them Mardavij , founder of the Ziyarid dynasty , and the three sons of Buya ( Ali , Hassan and Ahmad ) , founders of the Buyid dynasty . Local Zaydi rulers survived in Daylam and Gilan until the 16th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '861', 'urls': []}, {'value': '900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Samanid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samanid_dynasty', 'summary': "The Samanid Empire ( Persian : سامانیان , Sāmāniyān , also known as the Samanian Empire , Samanid dynasty , Samanid Emirate , or simply Samanids ) was a Sunni Iranian empire from 819 to 999 . The empire was centered in Khorasan and Transoxiana during its existence ; at its greatest extent , the empire encompassed all of today 's Afghanistan , large parts of Iran , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , and parts of Kazakhstan and Pakistan . The Samanid state was founded by four brothers ; Nuh , Ahmad , Yahya , and Ilyas - each of them ruled their own territory under Abbasid suzerainty . In 892 , Ismail Samani ( 892-907 ) united the Samanid state under one ruler , thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids . It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority . The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo , which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world . This would later lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture . The Samanids promoted the arts , giving rise to the advancement of science and literature , and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki , Ferdowsi , and Avicenna . While under Samanid control , Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory . Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian language and culture more than the Buyids and the Saffarids , while continuing to patronize Arabic for sciences as well as the religious studies . They considered themselves to be descendants of the Sasanian Empire . In a famous edict , Samanid authorities declared that here , in this region , the language is Persian , and the kings of this realm are Persian kings ."}]}, {'value': 'Bukhara , Balkh , Samarkand , Herat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bukhara', 'summary': "Bukhara ( Uzbek : Buxoro ; Persian : بخارا ) is a city in Uzbekistan . Bukhara is rich in historical sites , with about 140 architectural monuments . The nation 's fifth-largest city , it had a population of 247,644 as of 31 August 2016 [ update ] . But according to the Statistics of OzStatQom Department the City is the second largest after Tashkent by number of people who migrate . Number of daily migrants is 4,752,000 as of 22nd April 2018 . People have inhabited the region around Bukhara for at least five millennia , and the city has existed for half that time . The mother tongue of the majority of people of Bukhara is Tajik . Located on the Silk Road , the city has long served as a center of trade , scholarship , culture , and religion . UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara ( which contains numerous mosques and madrasas ) as a World Heritage Site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Balkh', 'summary': "Balkh ( /bælx/ ; Pashto and Persian : بلخ , Balkh ; Ancient Greek : Βάκτρα , Báktra ; Bactrian : Βάχλο , Bakhlo ) is a town in the Balkh Province of Afghanistan , about 20 km ( 12 mi ) northwest of the provincial capital , Mazar-e Sharif , and some 74 km ( 46 mi ) south of the Amu Darya river and the Uzbekistan border . It was historically an ancient centre of Buddhism , Islam , and Zoroastrianism and one of the major cities of Khorasan , since the latter 's earliest history . The ancient city of Balkh was known to the Ancient Greeks as Bactra , giving its name to Bactria . It was mostly known as the centre and capital of Bactria or Tokharistan . Marco Polo described Balkh as a noble and great city . Balkh is now for the most part a mass of ruins , situated some 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) from the right bank of the seasonally flowing Balkh River , at an elevation of about 365 m ( 1,198 ft ) . French Buddhist Alexandra David-Néel associated Shambhala with Balkh , also offering the Persian Sham-i-Bala ( elevated candle ) as an etymology of its name . In a similar vein , the Gurdjieffian J. G. Bennett published speculation that Shambalha was Shams-i-Balkh , a Bactrian sun temple ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Samarkand', 'summary': "Samarkand ( /ˈsæmərkænd/ ; Uzbek : Samarqand ; Persian : سمرقند ; Russian : Самарканд ) , alternatively Samarqand , is a city in south-eastern Uzbekistan and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia . There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city from the late Paleolithic era , though there is no direct evidence of when Samarkand was founded ; some theories propose that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries B.C . Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and the Mediterranean , at times Samarkand was one of the greatest cities of Central Asia . By the time of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia , it was the capital of the Sogdian satrapy . The city was taken by Alexander the Great in 329 BC , when it was known by its Greek name of Marakanda ( Μαράκανδα ) . The city was ruled by a succession of Iranian and Turkic rulers until the Mongols under Genghis Khan conquered Samarkand in 1220 . Today , Samarkand is the capital of Samarqand Region and one of the largest cities of Uzbekistan . The city is noted for being an Islamic center for scholarly study . In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur ( Tamerlane ) and is the site of his mausoleum ( the Gur-e Amir ) . The Bibi-Khanym Mosque , rebuilt during the Soviet era , remains one of the city 's most notable landmarks . Samarkand 's Registan square was the ancient centre of the city , and is bound by three monumental religious buildings . The city has carefully preserved the traditions of ancient crafts : embroidery , gold embroidery , silk weaving , engraving on copper , ceramics , carving and painting on wood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Herat', 'summary': "Herāt ( /hɛˈrɑːt/ ; Persian/Pashto : هرات ) is the third-largest city of Afghanistan . It has a population of about 436,300 , and serves as the capital of Herat Province , situated in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country . It is linked with Kandahar , Kabul , and Mazar-i-Sharif via Highway 1 or the ring road . It is further linked to the city of Mashhad in neighboring Iran through the border town of Islam Qala , and to Mary in Turkmenistan to the north through the border town of Torghundi . Herat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine . The city has a number of historic sites , including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex . During the Middle Ages Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan , as it was known as the Pearl of Khorasan . It has been governed by various Afghan rulers since the early 18th century . In 1717 , the city was invaded by the Hotaki forces until they were expelled by the Afsharids in 1729 . After Nader Shah 's death and Ahmad Shah Durrani 's rise to power in 1747 , Herat became part of Afghanistan . It witnessed some political disturbances and military invasions during the early half of the 19th century but the 1857 Treaty of Paris ended hostilities of the Anglo-Persian War . Herat lies on the ancient trade routes of the Middle East , Central and South Asia , and today is a regional hub in western Afghanistan ."}]}, {'value': 'Samanid dynasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samanid_dynasty', 'summary': "The Samanid Empire ( Persian : سامانیان , Sāmāniyān , also known as the Samanian Empire , Samanid dynasty , Samanid Emirate , or simply Samanids ) was a Sunni Iranian empire from 819 to 999 . The empire was centered in Khorasan and Transoxiana during its existence ; at its greatest extent , the empire encompassed all of today 's Afghanistan , large parts of Iran , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , and parts of Kazakhstan and Pakistan . The Samanid state was founded by four brothers ; Nuh , Ahmad , Yahya , and Ilyas - each of them ruled their own territory under Abbasid suzerainty . In 892 , Ismail Samani ( 892-907 ) united the Samanid state under one ruler , thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids . It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority . The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo , which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world . This would later lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture . The Samanids promoted the arts , giving rise to the advancement of science and literature , and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki , Ferdowsi , and Avicenna . While under Samanid control , Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory . Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian language and culture more than the Buyids and the Saffarids , while continuing to patronize Arabic for sciences as well as the religious studies . They considered themselves to be descendants of the Sasanian Empire . In a famous edict , Samanid authorities declared that here , in this region , the language is Persian , and the kings of this realm are Persian kings ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '875', 'urls': []}, {'value': '999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Ghaznavids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghaznavids', 'summary': "The Ghaznavid dynasty ( Persian : غزنویان ġaznaviyān ) was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin , at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran , Afghanistan , much of Transoxiana and the northwest Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186 . The dynasty was founded by Sabuktigin upon his succession to rule of the region of Ghazna after the death of his father-in-law , Alp Tigin , who was a breakaway ex-general of the Samanid Empire from Balkh , north of the Hindu Kush in Greater Khorasan . Although the dynasty was of Central Asian Turkic origin , it was thoroughly Persianised in terms of language , culture , literature and habits and hence is regarded by some as a Persian dynasty . Sabuktigin 's son , Mahmud of Ghazni , declared independence from the Samanid Empire and expanded the Ghaznavid Empire to the Amu Darya , the Indus River and the Indian Ocean in the East and to Rey and Hamadan in the west . Under the reign of Mas'ud I , the Ghaznavid dynasty began losing control over its western territories to the Seljuq dynasty after the Battle of Dandanaqan , resulting in a restriction of its holdings to modern-day Afghanistan , Pakistan ( Punjab and Balochistan ) . In 1151 , Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni to the Ghurid king Ala al-Din Husayn ."}]}, {'value': 'Ghazni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghazni', 'summary': "Ghazni ( Pashto/Persian : غزني\u202c ) historically known as Ghaznin ( غزنين ) or Ghazna ( غزنه ) , is a city in central Afghanistan with a population of around 270,000 people . The city is strategically located along Highway 1 , which has served as the main road between Kabul and southern Afghanistan for thousands of years . Situated on a plateau at 2,219 metres ( 7,280 ft ) above sea level , the city is 150 km south of Kabul and is the capital of Ghazni Province . Ghazni ( the name meaning jewel ) is an ancient city with a rich history . Ghazni Citadel , the Minarets of Ghazni , the Palace of Sultan Mas'ud III and several other cultural heritage sites have brought travellers and archeologists to the city for centuries , and in 2013 , ISESCO declared Ghazni the year 's Islamic Capital of Culture . During the pre-Islamic period , the area was inhabited by various tribes who practiced different religions including Buddhism and Hinduism . Arab Muslims introduced Islam to Ghazni in the 7th century and were followed in the 9th century by the Saffarids . Sabuktigin made Ghazni the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century . The city was destroyed by one of the Ghurid rulers , but later rebuilt . It fell to a number of regional powers , including the Timurids and the Delhi Sultanate , until it became part of the Hotaki dynasty , which was followed by the Durrani Empire or modern Afghanistan . During the First Anglo-Afghan War in the 19th century , Ghazni was partially destroyed by British-Indian forces . The city is currently being rebuilt by the Government of Afghanistan in remembrance of the Ghaznavid and Timurid era when it served as a major center of Islamic civilisation ."}]}, {'value': 'Ghaznavids , Ghurids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghaznavids', 'summary': "The Ghaznavid dynasty ( Persian : غزنویان ġaznaviyān ) was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin , at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran , Afghanistan , much of Transoxiana and the northwest Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186 . The dynasty was founded by Sabuktigin upon his succession to rule of the region of Ghazna after the death of his father-in-law , Alp Tigin , who was a breakaway ex-general of the Samanid Empire from Balkh , north of the Hindu Kush in Greater Khorasan . Although the dynasty was of Central Asian Turkic origin , it was thoroughly Persianised in terms of language , culture , literature and habits and hence is regarded by some as a Persian dynasty . Sabuktigin 's son , Mahmud of Ghazni , declared independence from the Samanid Empire and expanded the Ghaznavid Empire to the Amu Darya , the Indus River and the Indian Ocean in the East and to Rey and Hamadan in the west . Under the reign of Mas'ud I , the Ghaznavid dynasty began losing control over its western territories to the Seljuq dynasty after the Battle of Dandanaqan , resulting in a restriction of its holdings to modern-day Afghanistan , Pakistan ( Punjab and Balochistan ) . In 1151 , Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni to the Ghurid king Ala al-Din Husayn ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ghurids', 'summary': "The Ghurids or Ghorids ( Persian : سلسله غوریان ; self-designation : شنسبانی , Shansabānī ) were a dynasty of Iranian descent from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan , but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain . The dynasty converted to Sunni Islam from Buddhism , after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011 . The dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore . At their zenith , the Ghurid empire encompassed Khorasan in the west and reached northern India as far as Bengal in the east . Their first capital was Firozkoh in Mandesh , Ghor , which was later replaced by Herat , and finally Ghazna . The Ghurids were patrons of Persian culture and heritage . Abu Ali ibn Muhammad ( reigned 1011-1035 ) was the first Muslim king of the Ghurid dynasty to construct mosques and Islamic schools in Ghor . The Ghurids were succeeded in Khorasan and Persia by the Khwarazmian dynasty , and in northern India by the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1212', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Seljuq dynasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty', 'summary': 'The Seljuq dynasty , or Seljuqs ( /ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk ; Persian : آل سلجوق Al-e Saljuq ) , was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society and contributed to the Turco-Persian tradition in the medieval Middle East and Central Asia . The Seljuqs established both the Seljuk Empire and the Sultanate of Rum , which at their heights stretched from Iran to Anatolia , and were targets of the First Crusade .'}]}, {'value': 'Nishapur , Rey , Konye-Urgench', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nishapur', 'summary': 'Nishapur or Nishabur ( Persian : نیشابور ; also romanized as Nīshāpūr , Nišâpur , Nişapur , Nīshābūr , Neyshābūr , and Neeshapoor ; from Middle Persian New-Shabuhr , meaning New City of Shapur , Fair Shapur , or Perfect built of Shapur ) is a city in Khorasan Razavi Province , capital of the Nishapur County and former capital of Khorasan Province , in northeastern Iran , situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains . It had an estimated population of 239,185 as of 2011 and its county 433,105 . Nearby are the turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia . The city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a Sasanian satrapy capital . Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830 , and was later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037 . From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran , the city evolved into a significant cultural , commercial , and intellectual center within the Islamic world . Nishapur , along with Merv , Herat and Balkh were one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities in the middle ages , a seat of governmental power in eastern of caliphate , a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups , a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana and China , Iraq and Egypt . Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century , but was destroyed and the entire population slaughtered by Mongols in 1221 . This massacre , combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions are believed to have destroyed the pottery industry the city was known for .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rey,_Iran', 'summary': 'Shahr-e Rey ( Persian : شهر ری , City of Ray ) or simply Ray ( Rey ; ری ) is the capital of Ray County in Tehran Province , Iran . Formerly a distinct city , it has now been absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran as the 20th district of municipal Tehran , the capital city of the country . Historically known as Rhages ( /ˈreɪdʒəz/ ) , Rhagae and Arsacia , Ray is the oldest existing city in Tehran Province . In the classical era , it was a prominent city belonging to Media , the political and cultural base of the Medes . Ancient Persian inscriptions and the Avesta ( Zoroastrian scriptures ) , among other sources , attest to the importance of ancient Ray . Ray is mentioned several times in the Apocrypha . It is also shown on the 4th-century Peutinger Map . The city was subject to severe destruction during the medieval invasions by the Arabs , Turks , and Mongols . Its position as a capital city was revived during the reigns of the Buyid Daylamites and the Seljuk Turks . Ray is richer than many other ancient cities in the number of its historical monuments . The Neolithic site of Cheshme-Ali , the reconstructed Median-era Rey Castle , the Parthian-era Rashkan Castle , the Sasanian-era Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Bahram , and the once Zoroastrian and now Islamic Shrine of Bibi Shahrbanu are among the many archaeological sites in Ray . Ray has been home to many historical figures , including royalty , merchants , scholars and poets .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Konye-Urgench', 'summary': 'Konye-Urgench ( Turkmen : Köneürgenç ; Russian : Куня Ургенч , Kunya Urgench - from Persian : Kuhna Gurgānj کهنه گرگانج ) - Old Gurgānj also known as Kunya-Urgench , Old Urgench or Urganj , is a municipality of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan , just south from its border with Uzbekistan . It is the site of the ancient town of Ürgenç ( Urgench ) , which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm , a part of the Achaemenid Empire . Its inhabitants deserted the town in the 1700s in order to develop a new settlement , and Kunya-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since . In 2005 , the ruins of Old Urgench were inscribed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites . ( See List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan )'}]}, {'value': 'Seljuq dynasty , Khwarezmid dynasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty', 'summary': 'The Seljuq dynasty , or Seljuqs ( /ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk ; Persian : آل سلجوق Al-e Saljuq ) , was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society and contributed to the Turco-Persian tradition in the medieval Middle East and Central Asia . The Seljuqs established both the Seljuk Empire and the Sultanate of Rum , which at their heights stretched from Iran to Anatolia , and were targets of the First Crusade .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Khwārazm-Shāh_dynasty', 'summary': 'The Khwarazmian ( English : /kwəˈræzmiən/ ) dynasty was a Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin . The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231 , first as vassals of the Seljuqs and the Qara-Khitan , and later as independent rulers , up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century . The dynasty spanned 2.3 ( or 3.6 ) million square kilometers . The dynasty was founded by commander Anush Tigin Gharchai , a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans , who was appointed as governor of Khwarezm . His son , Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I , became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarezm .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': '1037', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1231', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'conquered by Ilkhanate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ilkhanate', 'summary': "The Ilkhanate , also spelled Il-khanate ( Persian : ایلخانان , Ilxānān ) , known to the Mongols as Ulus Hülegü ( Mongolian : Хүлэгийн улс , Hulegīn Uls ) was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire , ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu . Hulagu Khan , the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan , inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260 . Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran , Azerbaijan , and Turkey . At its greatest extent , the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq , Armenia , Georgia , Turkmenistan , Afghanistan , part of modern Dagestan , part of modern Tajikistan , and the northwestern edge of the Indian subcontinent . Later Ilkhanate rulers , beginning with Ghazan in 1295 , converted to Islam . In the 1330s , the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death . Its last khan Abu Sa'id died in 1335 , after which the khanate disintegrated ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Asia -- Southwest Asia', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_former_national_capitals_2', 'intro': 'Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date. Where a city name has changed, the name of the city when it was a capital is listed first, followed by its modern name in brackets.'}
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When did this empire collapse that once had Qal'at Sherqat as the capital city ?
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between 612 BC and 609 BC
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029d247823343f8d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Malawi_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Malawi at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kefasi Chitsala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kefasi_Chitsala', 'summary': "Kefasi Kasiteni Chitsala ( born 24 June 1994 ) is a Malawian long-distance runner . He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men 's 5000 metres race ; his time of 14:52.89 in the heats did not qualify him for the final . He was the flag bearer for Malawi in the Parade of Nations ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Tebulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Tebulo', 'summary': 'Mike Tebulo ( born 5 June 1985 in Zomba , Malawi ) is a Malawian long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlton Nyirenda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlton_Nyirenda', 'summary': 'Charlton Nyirenda ( born August 29 , 1988 ) is a competitive swimmer from Malawi . He competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China , and was the flag-bearer for his nation during the opening ceremonies of those games .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_(sport)', 'summary': "Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one 's entire body to move through water . The sport takes place in pools or open water ( e.g. , in a sea or lake ) . Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports , with varied distance events in butterfly , backstroke , breaststroke , freestyle , and individual medley . In addition to these individual events , four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay . A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke , ordered as backstroke , breaststroke , butterfly and freestyle . Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques ; in competition , there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke . There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits , caps , jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions . Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport , such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees , there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kondwani Chiwina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kondwani_Chiwina', 'summary': 'Kondwani Chiwina is a retired Malawi middle-distance runner who specialized in the 800 metres . Just as is common for most African athletes , he discovered his ability to run by chance . While at Mtendere Secondary School in Dedza district ( Central Malawi ) , Chiwina was scheduled to meet a relative some 11 km away from the school . Having no money to pay for his bus fare , Chiwina decided to run the distance and to his surprise he covered the distance in 48 minutes despite having any proper running shoes and prior training . Chiwina went on to compete for Malawi at the 2003 FISU Summer Universiade Games in DAEGU South Korea , the 2004 Summer Olympics in Anthens , the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Budapest , and the 2005 Summer Universiade held in Izmir Türkey . His Personal best time for 800m was achieved at the Athens 2004 Olympic games where he clocked 1:49.87 . In 2004 he won a Silver medal at the Zone Six University Students Games held in Namibia and clocked 1:51.00 . Kondwani Chiwina gave up competitive sports in 2014 after obtaining an MSc . in Environmental Management at the University of Kiel in Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francis Munthali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Munthali', 'summary': "Francis Fanello Munthali ( born 25 December 1972 ) is a Malawian former middle-distance runner . Competing in the men 's 800 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Francis finished eighth in heat eight and failed to qualify for the next round . At the 2000 Summer Olympics , he ran in the men 's 1500 metres , finishing last in heat one and setting a new national record with a time of 3:46.34 . Munthali also featured in both the 1998 and 2002 Commonwealth Games , covering distances from 1500 metres up to the marathon . After retiring from competitive sports , Francis became the national athletics coach for Malawi ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Mwathiwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Mwathiwa', 'summary': 'John Mwathiwa ( born 1 March 1967 in Zomba ) is a Malawian long distance runner . He represented Malawi at the 1988 , 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics as well as at the 1991 , 1993 and 1995 World Championships . He never qualified for the final round .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Mambosasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mambosasa', 'summary': "George Mambosasa ( born 31 january 1964 ) is a Malawian former long-distance runner . George competed in both the 5000 metres and the marathon at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . He finished twelfth in heat one of the 5000 metres and so failed to qualify for the next round , and he completed the marathon in 74th place . At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , he took part in the marathon but did not finish . Mambosasa was the Malawian flag carrier in the opening ceremony at these games . In the men 's 5000 metres event at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow , Mambosasa set the current Malawian national record for the men 's 3000 metres with a time of 8:25.3 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fletcher Kapito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fletcher_Kapito', 'summary': 'Fletcher Kapito ( born 19 October 1959 ) is a Malawian former boxer . Fletcher competed in the light middleweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , where he was defeated in the first round by his Sudanese opponent , Augustino Marial . Fletcher was the Malawian flag carrier in the opening ceremony at the Games . By March 1986 , Kapito had lost some weight and began boxing in the welterweight category .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Matupi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Matupi', 'summary': "Martin Matupi ( born 26 November 1942 ) is a Malawian former triple jumper . Competing in the men 's triple jump at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , he finished in 34th place with a distance of 13.57 metres . Matupi was the Malawian flag carrier in the opening ceremony at the Games ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Malawi at theOlympicsIOC codeMAWNOCOlympic and Commonwealth Games Association of MalawiMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances19721976–19801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Other related appearances Rhodesia ( 1960 ) This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Malawi at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Malawi_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Malawi at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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What rank was achieved by the person who bore the flag for Malawi at the Olympic Games of 2000 in the Olympic Games of Barcelona ?
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eighth
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029d4a2652d86dea
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Spain', 'title': 'List of airports in Spain', 'header': ['Location served', 'Community', 'ICAO', 'RAKIB', 'Airport name'], 'data': [{'value': 'A Coruña', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Coruña', 'summary': 'A Coruña ( Galician : [ ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ ] ; [ a ] historical English : Corunna ) is a city and municipality of Galicia , Spain . It is the most populated city and the second most populated municipality in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country . The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name , having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries , and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982 , before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela . A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro , a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean . It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia , and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña .'}]}, {'value': 'Galicia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)', 'summary': 'Galicia ( /ɡəˈlɪʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Galician : Galicia [ ɡaˈliθjɐ ] , Galiza [ ɡaˈliθɐ ] ; [ a ] Spanish : Galicia ; Portuguese : Galiza ) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law . Located in the northwest Iberian Peninsula , it includes the provinces of A Coruña , Lugo , Ourense and Pontevedra . Galicia is bordered by Portugal to the south , the Spanish autonomous communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Cantabrian Sea to the north . It had a population of 2,701,743 in 2018 and a total area of 29,574 km2 ( 11,419 sq mi ) . Galicia has over 1,660 km ( 1,030 mi ) of coastline , including its offshore islands and islets , among them Cíes Islands , Ons , Sálvora , Cortegada , and the largest and most populated , A Illa de Arousa . The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period , and takes its name from the Gallaeci , the Celtic people living north of the Douro River during the last millennium BC . Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC , and was made a Roman province in the 3rd century AD . In 410 , the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga ( Portugal ) ; this kingdom was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585 . In 711 , the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Iberian Peninsula conquering the Visigoth kingdom of Hispania by 718 , but soon Galicia was incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Asturias by 740 . During the Middle Ages , the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings , but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile , while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture . From the 13th century on , the kings of Castile , as kings of Galicia , appointed an Adiantado-mór , whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century . The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia , a royal tribunal and government body .'}]}, {'value': 'LECO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LCG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Coruña Airport ( Alvedro Airport ) [ 1 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Coruña_Airport', 'summary': 'A Coruña Airport ( IATA : LCG , ICAO : LECO ) , formerly known as Alvedro Airport , is the airport serving the Galician city of A Coruña in northwestern Spain . The airport is located in the municipality of Culleredo , approximately 7 kilometres ( 4.3 mi ) from the city center . It is a part of the network of airports managed by Aena , a Spanish state-owned company responsible for airport management . Air traffic control is provided by Ferronats . In 2019 , 1,352,583 passengers used the airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Algeciras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeciras', 'summary': "Algeciras ( /ˌældʒɪˈsɪərəs/ , Spanish : [ alxeˈθiɾas ] ; Arabic : الجزيرة الخضراء , romanized : al-Jazīra al-Khaḍrāʾ , lit . 'the Green Island ' ) is a port city in the south of Spain , and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar ( Spanish : Bahía de Algeciras ) . The Port of Algeciras is one of the largest ports in Europe and the world in three categories : container , cargo and transhipment . It is located 20 km north-east of Tarifa on the Río de la Miel , which is the southernmost river of the Iberian peninsula and continental Europe . In 2015 , it had a population of 118,920 . It is the biggest city among those of its metropolitan area that also includes the municipalities of Los Barrios , La Línea de la Concepción , Castellar de la Frontera , Jimena de la Frontera , San Roque and Tarifa , with a population of 263,739 ."}]}, {'value': 'Andalusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andalusia', 'summary': "Andalusia region ( UK : /ˌændəˈluːsiə , -ziə/ , US : /-ʒ ( i ) ə , -ʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Spanish : Andalucía [ andaluˈθi.a ] ) is the southern autonomous community in Peninsular Spain . It is the most populous , and the second largest autonomous community in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality . The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville . Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula , in southwestern Europe , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar . Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines . The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar . The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System , consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains , separated by the Intrabaetic Basin . In the north , the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain 's Meseta Central . To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System , while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir . The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus ( الأندلس ) ."}]}, {'value': 'LEAG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeciras Heliport [ 2 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeciras_Heliport', 'summary': 'The Algeciras Heliport ( Spanish : Helipuerto de Algeciras ) is a public heliport in Algeciras ( Cádiz , Spain ) . It was inaugurated on July 1 , 2010 by the Minister of Development , José Blanco . It was the second helipad of the network AENA after Ceuta Heliport . Construction had started in February 2009 . It provides transport to Ceuta and other areas in the Campo de Gibraltar . The only airport existing in the area is the one in the neighbouring British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar . It was expected to begin operation in July 2010 . The heliport is located on the current parking building of the Port of Algeciras . The set up of the heliport has involved the extension of an existing building and the ground keeping an area of 32 x 24 meters to take off the vehicle and a safe area of 8 x 5 meters . It is supplemented by the service units for rescue and firefighting and various units of maintenance . The helicopter used in the city will be a model Bell 412 EP that will allow communication with the city of Ceuta in just 10 minutes . The heliport platform is 2,400 m² and a height of 30 meters above sea level .'}]}, {'value': 'Albacete', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albacete', 'summary': 'Albacete ( /ˌælbəˈseɪti/ , also US : /ˌɑːlbɑːˈseɪteɪ/ , Spanish : [ alβaˈθete ] ; Arabic : ﭐَلبَسِيط , romanized : Al-Basīṭ ) is a city and municipality in the Spanish autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha , and capital of the province of Albacete . It is in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula , in the region known as the Meseta Central within the historic region of La Mancha , in the smaller historic region of La Mancha de Montearagón ; the area around the city is known as Los Llanos . With a population of 173,050 ( 2018 ) in the municipality proper , and 219,121 in the larger metropolitan area , it is the largest city in both the province and the region of Castilla-La Mancha , and indeed one of the largest of inland Spain , being included in the 20 largest urban areas in Spain . The municipality of Albacete is also the seventh largest in Spain by area , being 1,125.91 km2 ( 434.72 sq mi ) . Albacete is the economic and judicial capital of Castilla-La Mancha , being home to the regional High Court of Justice . The writer , novelist , essayist and literary critic Azorin described the city of Albacete in a poem as The New York of La Mancha . The origins of the city are uncertain , with the earliest proof of settlement dating to the time of Al-Andalus , when the settlement was originally named البسيط ( Al-Basīṭ ) , meaning The Flat in Arabic , referring to the flat land around . The city increased in prominence in the early 20th century during the Spanish Civil War due its strategic importance as national headquarters of the International Brigades . In the past Albacete was famous for its clasp knives , made more famous after a mention in the Garcia Lorca poem Reyerta published in Romancero Gitano in the thirties . At present , Albacete is a modern capital with large areas for pedestrians and green areas . Further its flat area and the elimination of architectural barriers have also led it to be one of the most accessible cities across the country , with better quality of life and one of the safest . The entertainment is one of the hallmarks of the capital of Albacete , with large areas of party as La Zona , El Campus or Los Titis hosting thousands of albaceteños and visitors throughout the year , highlighting their hectic and very active day and night life by enjoying famous throughout Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Castile-La Mancha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castile-La_Mancha', 'summary': "Castilla-La Mancha ( UK : /kæˌstiːjə læ ˈmæntʃə/ , US : /- lɑː ˈmɑːntʃə/ , Spanish : [ kasˈtiʎa la ˈmantʃa ] ( listen ) ) , or Castile La Mancha , is an autonomous community of Spain . Comprised by the provinces of Albacete , Ciudad Real , Cuenca , Guadalajara and Toledo , it was created in 1982 . It is bordered by Castile and León , Madrid , Aragon , Valencia , Murcia , Andalusia , and Extremadura . It is one of the most sparsely populated of Spain 's regions . Albacete is the largest and most populous city . The Government headquarters are in Toledo and the High Court headquarters are in Albacete . Castilla-La Mancha was formerly grouped with the province of Madrid into New Castile ( Castilla la Nueva ) , but with the advent of the modern Spanish system of autonomous communities ( Estado de las autonomías ) , it was separated due to great demographic disparity between the capital and the remaining New-Castilian provinces . Also , distinct from the former New Castile , Castilla-La Mancha added the province of Albacete , which had been part of Murcia ; adding Albacete placed all of the historic region of La Mancha within this single region . It is mostly in this region where the story of the famous Spanish novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is situated , due to which La Mancha is internationally well-known . Although La Mancha is a windswept , battered plateau , it remains a symbol of Spanish culture with its vineyards , sunflowers , mushrooms , olive plantations , windmills , Manchego cheese , and Don Quixote ."}]}, {'value': 'LEAB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albacete Airport ( Los Llanos Air Base ) [ 3 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albacete_Airport', 'summary': 'Albacete Airport ( IATA : ABC , ICAO : LEAB ) is an airport located at the Los Llanos Air Base , about 4 miles ( 6 kilometres ) south of the city of Albacete , the capital of the province of Albacete in Castile-La Mancha , Spain . The airport is served by road CM-3203 . It began operation as a civilian airport on 1 July 2003 , after seventy-plus years solely used by the military . The first flight was flown by Hola Airlines to the Balearic Islands . Albacete and Ciudad Real Central Airport are the only public airports in Castilla La Mancha . However , since the closure of Ciudad Real Central Airport and the cessation of scheduled services from Albacete , the region has been left without any scheduled passenger services .'}]}, {'value': 'Alicante', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicante', 'summary': 'Alicante ( /ˌælɪˈkænti/ , also UK : /-teɪ/ , Spanish : [ aliˈkante ] ; Valencian : Alacant [ alaˈkant ] ) [ a ] is a city located in Spain . It sits along the Costa Blanca , is the capital of the province of Alicante , and the comarca of Alacantí . It is also a historic Mediterranean port . The population of the city of Alicante proper was 330,525 , estimated as of 2016 [ update ] , ranking as the second-largest Valencian city . Including nearby municipalities , the Alicante conurbation had 452,462 residents . The population of the metropolitan area ( including Elche and satellite towns ) is 757,085 as of 2014 [ update ] estimates , ranking as the eighth-largest metropolitan area of Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencian_Community', 'summary': "The Valencian Community [ a ] [ b ] is an autonomous community of Spain . It is the fourth most populous autonomous community after Andalusia , Catalonia and Madrid with more than five million inhabitants . Its homonymous capital Valencia is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Spain . It is located along the Mediterranean coast on the east side of the Iberian peninsula . It borders with Catalonia to the north , Aragon and Castilla-La Mancha to the west , and Murcia to the south . The Valencian Community consists of three provinces which are Castellón , Valencia and Alicante . According to its Statute of Autonomy , the Valencian people are a nationality . Their origins date back to the Aragonese reconquest of the Moorish Taifa of Valencia , which was taken by James I of Aragon in 1238 during the Reconquista . The newly founded Kingdom of Valencia was granted wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon . Valencia experienced its golden age in the 15th century , as it became the Crown 's economic capital . Self-government continued after the unification of the Spanish Kingdom , but was eventually suspended in 1707 by Phillip V of Spain as a result of the Spanish War of Succession . Valencian nationalism resurged towards the end of the 19th century , which led to the modern conception of the Valencian Country ."}]}, {'value': 'LEAL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ALC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alicante-Elche Airport ( formerly El Altet Airport ) [ 4 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicante-Elche_Airport', 'summary': "Alicante-Elche Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Alicante-Elche ) ( Valencian : Aeroport d'Alacant-Elx ) ( IATA : ALC , ICAO : LEAL ) , originally named El Altet , is - as of 2019 - the fifth-busiest airport in Spain based on passenger numbers , and the main airport serving the Valencian Community and the Region of Murcia . The airport is located in the municipality of Elche , about 10 kilometres ( 6.2 miles ) east of this city and about 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) southwest of Alicante . Its influence area spans other cities in the Valencia province - the city of Valencia is located about 160 km ( 99 mi ) north of the airport - and in the Region of Murcia . The airport is located about 70 km ( 43 mi ) north of Murcia . The airport is a base for Air Nostrum , Jet2.com , Norwegian Air International , Ryanair and Vueling . Passenger traffic has increased significantly in the last decade , beating its own yearly record since 2013 to date ; in 2019 it set its new consecutive record at 15 million passengers . It is one of the 50 busiest in Europe . Up to 80% of all passenger flights are international . The largest numbers of passengers arrive from the United Kingdom , Germany , the Netherlands , Norway , Belgium and Sweden . Popular domestic destinations are Madrid , Palma de Mallorca and Barcelona ."}]}, {'value': 'Almería', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almería', 'summary': 'Almería ( UK : /ˌælməˈriːə/ , also US : /ˌɑːl-/ , Spanish : [ almeˈɾi.a ] ) is a city in Andalusia , Spain , located in the southeast of Spain on the Mediterranean Sea , and is the capital of the province of the same name . It was Abd-ar-Rahman III who founded the Alcazaba ( the Citadel ) , which gave this city its name : al-Mariyyah ( المريّة , the Watchtower ) . In the 10th and 11th centuries , it formed part of the Caliphate of Córdoba , and grew wealthy on trade and the textile industry , especially silk . It suffered many sieges and fell under Christian domination in 1489 . In 1522 , Almería was devastated by an earthquake and rebuilding and recovery did not really get underway until the 19th century . During the Spanish Civil War , the city was shelled by the German Navy , and fell to Franco in 1939 . It has since rebuilt its economy around vegetable production , with 100,000 acres of greenhouses , supplying much of Europe .'}]}, {'value': 'Andalusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andalusia', 'summary': "Andalusia region ( UK : /ˌændəˈluːsiə , -ziə/ , US : /-ʒ ( i ) ə , -ʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Spanish : Andalucía [ andaluˈθi.a ] ) is the southern autonomous community in Peninsular Spain . It is the most populous , and the second largest autonomous community in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality . The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville . Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula , in southwestern Europe , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar . Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines . The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar . The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System , consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains , separated by the Intrabaetic Basin . In the north , the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain 's Meseta Central . To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System , while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir . The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus ( الأندلس ) ."}]}, {'value': 'LEAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LEI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almería Airport [ 5 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almería_Airport', 'summary': 'Almería Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Almería ) ( IATA : LEI , ICAO : LEAM ) is located 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) east of Almería city centre , in the province of Almería in south-eastern Spain . It is close to the main tourist centers of the province such as the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park , El Ejido , Mojácar , Roquetas de Mar or Vera .'}]}, {'value': 'Asturias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asturias', 'summary': "Asturias ( /æˈstʊəriəs , ə-/ , Spanish : [ asˈtuɾjas ] ; Asturian : Asturies [ asˈtuɾjes ; -ɾjɪs ] ; Eonaviego : Asturias ) , officially the Principality of Asturias ( Spanish : Principado de Asturias ; Asturian : Principáu d'Asturies ) , is an autonomous community in north-west Spain . It is coextensive with the province of Asturias and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages . Divided into eight comarcas ( counties ) , the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east , by León ( Castile and León ) to the south , by Lugo ( Galicia ) to the west , and by the Bay of Biscay ( Cantanbric sea ) to the north . Asturias is situated in a mountainous setting with vast greenery and lush vegetation , making it part of Green Spain . The region has a maritime climate . It receives plenty of annual rainfall and little sunshine by Spanish standards and has very moderated seasons , most often averaging in the lower 20 's celsius . Heat waves are rare due to mountains blocking southerly winds . Winters are very mild for the latitude , especially near sea level . The most important cities are the communal capital , Oviedo ( Uviéu ) , the seaport and largest city Gijón ( Xixón ) , and the industrial town of Avilés . Other municipalities in Asturias include Cangas de Onís ( Cangues d'Onís ) , Cangas del Narcea , Gozón , Grado ( Grau or Grao ) , Langreo ( Llangréu ) , Llanera , Laviana ( Llaviana ) , Lena ( Ḷḷena ) , Llanes , Mieres , Siero , Valdés , Vegadeo ( A Veiga ) , and Villaviciosa ( see also List of municipalities and comarcas in Asturias ) . Asturias is also home of the Princess of Asturias Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Asturias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asturias', 'summary': "Asturias ( /æˈstʊəriəs , ə-/ , Spanish : [ asˈtuɾjas ] ; Asturian : Asturies [ asˈtuɾjes ; -ɾjɪs ] ; Eonaviego : Asturias ) , officially the Principality of Asturias ( Spanish : Principado de Asturias ; Asturian : Principáu d'Asturies ) , is an autonomous community in north-west Spain . It is coextensive with the province of Asturias and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages . Divided into eight comarcas ( counties ) , the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east , by León ( Castile and León ) to the south , by Lugo ( Galicia ) to the west , and by the Bay of Biscay ( Cantanbric sea ) to the north . Asturias is situated in a mountainous setting with vast greenery and lush vegetation , making it part of Green Spain . The region has a maritime climate . It receives plenty of annual rainfall and little sunshine by Spanish standards and has very moderated seasons , most often averaging in the lower 20 's celsius . Heat waves are rare due to mountains blocking southerly winds . Winters are very mild for the latitude , especially near sea level . The most important cities are the communal capital , Oviedo ( Uviéu ) , the seaport and largest city Gijón ( Xixón ) , and the industrial town of Avilés . Other municipalities in Asturias include Cangas de Onís ( Cangues d'Onís ) , Cangas del Narcea , Gozón , Grado ( Grau or Grao ) , Langreo ( Llangréu ) , Llanera , Laviana ( Llaviana ) , Lena ( Ḷḷena ) , Llanes , Mieres , Siero , Valdés , Vegadeo ( A Veiga ) , and Villaviciosa ( see also List of municipalities and comarcas in Asturias ) . Asturias is also home of the Princess of Asturias Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'LEAS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OVD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asturias Airport [ 6 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asturias_Airport', 'summary': 'Asturias Airport , ( IATA : OVD , ICAO : LEAS ) is the only international airport of Asturias , Spain , in Castrillón . Traffic consists primarily of scheduled domestic flights and some seasonal scheduled international flights . In 2012 , the airport handled 1,309,640 passengers and managed 13,252 operations . The airport is located in Anzu , parish of Santiago del Monte , municipality of Castrillón , 15 km from Avilés , 40 km from Gijón and 47 km from the regional capital , Oviedo .'}]}, {'value': 'Badajoz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badajoz', 'summary': "Badajoz ( UK : /ˈbædəhɒz/ , US : /ˌbɑːðɑːˈhoʊs , -ˈhoʊθ , -ˈhɔːð , ˌbɑːdəˈhoʊz/ , Spanish : [ baðaˈxoθ ] ; formerly written Badajos in English ) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura , Spain . It is situated close to the Portuguese border , on the left bank of the river Guadiana . The population in 2011 was 151,565 . Originally a settlement occupied by Romans , Visogoths , etc. , its previous name was Civitas Pacensis . Badajoz was conquered by the Moors in the 8th century , and became a Moorish kingdom , the Taifa of Badajoz . After the reconquista , the area was disputed between Spain and Portugal for several centuries with alternating control resulting in several wars including the Spanish War of Succession ( 1705 ) , the Peninsular War ( 1808-1811 ) , the Storming of Badajoz ( 1812 ) , and the Spanish Civil War ( 1936 ) . Spanish history is largely reflected in the town . Badajoz is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz . Prior to the merger of the Diocese of Mérida and the Diocese of Badajoz , Badajoz was the see of the Diocese of Badajoz from the bishopric 's inception in 1255 . The city has a degree of eminence , crowned as it is by the ruins of a Moorish castle and overlooking the Guadiana river , which flows between the castle-hill and the powerfully armed fort of San Cristobal . The architecture of Badajoz is indicative of its tempestuous history ; even the Badajoz Cathedral , built in 1238 , resembles a fortress , with its massive walls . Badajoz is home to the CD Badajoz and AD Cerro de Reyes football clubs and the AB Pacense basketball club ."}]}, {'value': 'Extremadura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Extremadura', 'summary': 'Extremadura ( /ˌɛkstrɪməˈdjʊərə/ EK-strim-ə-DEWR-ə , Spanish : [ e ( ɣ ) stɾemaˈðuɾa ] ; Portuguese : Estremadura ) is an autonomous community of the western Iberian Peninsula whose capital city is Mérida , recognised by the Statute of Autonomy of Extremadura . It is made up of the two largest provinces of Spain : Cáceres and Badajoz . It is bordered by the provinces of Salamanca and Ávila ( Castile and León ) to the north ; by provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real ( Castile-La Mancha ) to the east , and by the provinces of Huelva , Seville , and Córdoba ( Andalusia ) to the south ; and by Portugal to the west . Its official language is Spanish . It is an important area for wildlife , particularly with the major reserve at Monfragüe , which was designated a National Park in 2007 , and the International Tagus River Natural Park ( Parque Natural Tajo Internacional ) . The government of Extremadura is called Gobierno de Extremadura . The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on 8 September . It coincides with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe .'}]}, {'value': 'LEBZ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJZ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Badajoz Airport ( Talavera la Real Badajoz Airport ) [ 7 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badajoz_Airport', 'summary': 'Badajoz Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Badajoz ) ( IATA : BJZ , ICAO : LEBZ ) is an airport located 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) east of Badajoz , a city in Extremadura , Spain , and 45 km west of Mérida , Spain , the capital of the same Autonomous Community . The airport is connected with both cities by the Autovía A-5 motorway . The airport shares its runway and control tower with the Talavera la Real Air Base ( Spanish : Base Aérea de Talavera la Real ) , an air base of the Spanish Air Force , named for the nearby municipality of Talavera la Real .'}]}, {'value': 'Barcelona ( El Prat )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona', 'summary': "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barcelona_International_Airport', 'summary': "Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat Airport ( IATA : BCN , ICAO : LEBL ) ( Catalan : Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat , Spanish : Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat ) , previously named Barcelona-El Prat and also known as El Prat Airport , is an international airport located 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) southwest of the centre of Barcelona , lying in the municipalities of El Prat de Llobregat , Viladecans , and Sant Boi , in Catalonia , Spain , Europe . It has been named after a former President of the Generalitat of Catalonia , Josep Tarradellas , since 27 February 2019 . It is the second largest and busiest airport in Spain , and the sixth busiest in Europe . In 2019 , Barcelona Airport handled a record 52,686,314 million passengers , up 5.0% from 2018 . It is a hub for Level and Vueling , and a focus city for Air Europa , Iberia , EasyJet , Norwegian and Ryanair . The Barcelona-Madrid air shuttle service , known as the Puente Aéreo ( in Spanish ) , or Pont Aeri ( in Catalan ) literally Air Bridge , was the world 's busiest route until 2008 , with the highest number of flight operations ( 971 per week ) in 2007 . The schedule has been reduced since February 2008 , when a Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail line was opened , covering the distance in 2 hours 30 minutes , and quickly became popular ."}]}, {'value': 'Catalonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catalonia', 'summary': "Catalonia ( /ˌkætəˈloʊniə/ ; Catalan : Catalunya [ kətəˈluɲə ] ; Aranese : Catalonha [ kataˈluɲɔ ] ; Spanish : Cataluña [ kataˈluɲa ] ) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain , self-designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy . [ c ] Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union . It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées-Orientales , Occitanie ) . It is bordered by France ( Occitanie ) and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . In the late 8th century , the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions . The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal , the count of Barcelona . In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto . In 1137 , Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon . The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258 . The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system , such as courts ( parliament ) , and constitutions , becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon 's naval power , trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean ."}]}, {'value': 'LEBL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BCN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona-El Prat Airport [ 8 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona–El_Prat_Airport', 'summary': "Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat Airport ( IATA : BCN , ICAO : LEBL ) ( Catalan : Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat , Spanish : Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat ) , previously named Barcelona-El Prat and also known as El Prat Airport , is an international airport located 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) southwest of the centre of Barcelona , lying in the municipalities of El Prat de Llobregat , Viladecans , and Sant Boi , in Catalonia , Spain , Europe . It has been named after a former President of the Generalitat of Catalonia , Josep Tarradellas , since 27 February 2019 . It is the second largest and busiest airport in Spain , and the sixth busiest in Europe . In 2019 , Barcelona Airport handled a record 52,686,314 million passengers , up 5.0% from 2018 . It is a hub for Level and Vueling , and a focus city for Air Europa , Iberia , EasyJet , Norwegian and Ryanair . The Barcelona-Madrid air shuttle service , known as the Puente Aéreo ( in Spanish ) , or Pont Aeri ( in Catalan ) literally Air Bridge , was the world 's busiest route until 2008 , with the highest number of flight operations ( 971 per week ) in 2007 . The schedule has been reduced since February 2008 , when a Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail line was opened , covering the distance in 2 hours 30 minutes , and quickly became popular ."}]}, {'value': 'Bilbao , Biscay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao', 'summary': 'Bilbao ( /bɪlˈbaʊ , -ˈbɑːoʊ/ , also US : /-ˈbeɪoʊ/ , Spanish : [ bilˈβao ] ; Basque : Bilbo [ bilβo ] ) is a city in northern Spain , the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole . It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain . Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain , with a population of 345,141 as of 2015 . The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants , making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain ; with a population of 875,552 the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain . Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region . Bilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain , some 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) south of the Bay of Biscay , where the economic social development is located , where the estuary of Bilbao is formed . Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres ( 1,300 ft ) . Its climate is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air , moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards , with low sunshine and high rainfall . The annual temperature range is low for its latitude . After its foundation in the early 14th century by Diego López V de Haro , head of the powerful Haro family , Bilbao was a commercial hub of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in Green Spain . This was due to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries . Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth , Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation , making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain , behind Barcelona .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Biscay', 'summary': 'Biscay ( /ˈbɪskeɪ , ˈbɪski/ ; Basque : Bizkaia [ bis̻kai.a ] ; Spanish : Vizcaya [ biθˈkaʝa ] ) is a province of Spain , lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay . The name also refers to a historical territory of the Basque Country , heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay . Its capital city is Bilbao . It is one of the most prosperous and important provinces of Spain as a result of the massive industrialization in the last years of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century . Since the deep deindustrialization of the 1970s , the economy has come to rely more on the services sector .'}]}, {'value': 'Basque Country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)', 'summary': 'The Basque Country ( /bæsk , bɑːsk/ ; Basque : Euskadi [ eus̺kadi ] ; Spanish : País Vasco [ paˈiz ˈβasko ] ) , officially the Basque Autonomous Community ( Basque : Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa , EAE ; Spanish : Comunidad Autónoma Vasca , CAV ) is an autonomous community in northern Spain . It includes the Basque provinces of Álava , Biscay , and Gipuzkoa . The Basque Country or Basque Autonomous Community was granted the status of nationality within Spain , attributed by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 . The autonomous community is based on the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country , a foundational legal document providing the framework for the development of the Basque people on Spanish soil . Navarre , which had narrowly rejected a joint statute of autonomy with Gipuzkoa , Álava and Biscay in 1932 , was granted a separate statute in 1982 . Currently there is no official capital in the autonomous community , but the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz , in the province of Álava , is the de facto capital as the location of the Basque Parliament , the headquarters of the Basque Government , and the residence of the President of the Basque Autonomous Community ( the Palace of Ajuria Enea ) . The High Court of Justice of the Basque Country has its headquarters in the city of Bilbao . Whilst Vitoria-Gasteiz is the largest municipality in area , with 277 km2 ( 107 sq mi ) , Bilbao is the largest in population , with 353,187 people , located in the province of Biscay within a conurbation of 875,552 people . The term Basque Country may also refer to the larger cultural region ( Basque : Euskal Herria ) , the home of the Basque people , which includes the autonomous community .'}]}, {'value': 'LEBB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BIO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bilbao Airport [ 9 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao_Airport', 'summary': 'Bilbao Airport ( IATA : BIO , ICAO : LEBB ) is a public airport located 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) north of Bilbao , in the municipality of Loiu , in Biscay . It is the largest airport in the Basque Country and northern Spain , with 5,469,453 passengers in 2018 . It is famous for its new main terminal opened in 2000 designed by Santiago Calatrava .'}]}, {'value': 'Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burgos', 'summary': 'Burgos ( UK : /ˈbʊərɡɒs/ BOOR-goss , US : /ˈbʊərɡoʊs/ BOOR-gohss , Spanish : [ ˈbuɾɣos ] ) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León . It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos . It is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula , on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries , at the edge of the central plateau . The municipality has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants . It forms part of the Camino de Santiago . Founded in 884 by Diego Rodríguez Porcelos , Burgos soon became the leading city of the embrionary County of Castile . 11th century chieftain Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( El Cid ) is connected to the city , as he was born near Burgos and was raised and educated there . In a long-lasting decline since the 17th century , following the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 , Burgos became the headquarters of the Francoist proto-government . Declared in 1964 as Pole of Industrial Promotion and in 1969 as Pole of Industrial Development , the city has grown since then in terms of economic activity . At the regional level , Burgos forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Palencia . In 2008 , the international Burgos Airport started to offer commercial flights . The Museum of Human Evolution opened here in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Castile and León', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castile_and_León', 'summary': 'Castile and León ( UK : /kæˈstiːl . leɪˈɒn/ , US : /-ˈoʊn/ ; Spanish : Castilla y León [ kasˈtiʎa i leˈon ] ( listen ) ) [ n. 1 ] is an autonomous community in north-western Spain . It was created in 1983 . Formed by the provinces of Ávila , Burgos , León , Palencia , Salamanca , Segovia , Soria , Valladolid and Zamora , it is the largest autonomous community in Spain in terms of area , covering 94,222 km2 . It is however sparsely populated , with a population density below 30/km2 . While a capital has not been explicitly declared , the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in Valladolid by law and for all purposes that city ( also the most populated municipality ) serves as de facto regional capital . Castile and León is a landlocked region , bordered by Portugal as well as by the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia , Asturias , Cantabria , the Basque Country , La Rioja , Aragon , Castilla-La Mancha , the Community of Madrid and Extremadura . Chiefly comprising the northern half of the Inner Plateau , it is surrounded by mountain barriers ( the Picos de Europa to the North , the Sistema Central to the South and the Sistema Ibérico to the East ) and it is drained by the Douro River , flowing west toward the Atlantic Ocean . The region contains eight World Heritage Sites . UNESCO recognizes the Cortes of León of 1188 as the cradle of worldwide parliamentarism .'}]}, {'value': 'LEBG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burgos Airport [ 10 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burgos_Airport', 'summary': 'Burgos Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Burgos ) ( IATA : RGS , ICAO : LEBG ) , also known as Villafría , is an airport located 4 kilometres ( 2.5 mi ) east of the historic center of Burgos , a city in Spain . The company Aeronova has its maintenance headquarters in Villafría .'}]}, {'value': 'Córdoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Córdoba,_Spain', 'summary': "Córdoba ( /ˈkɔːrdəbə/ , Spanish : [ ˈkoɾðoβa ] ) , [ a ] also spelled Cordova ( /ˈkɔːrdəvə/ ) in English , is a city in Andalusia , southern Spain , and the capital of the province of Córdoba . It was a Roman settlement , taken over by the Visigoths , followed by the Muslim conquests in the eighth century and later becoming an imperial city under the Caliphate of Córdoba . The city served as the capital in exile of the Umayyad Caliphate , the Almohad and various other emirates . During these Muslim periods , Córdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning , producing notable figures such as Averroes , Ibn Hazm , and Al-Zahrawi , and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe . It was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile through the Christian Reconquista in 1236 . Today , Córdoba is still home to many notable pieces of Moorish architecture such as The Mezquita , which was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 and is now a Cathedral . The UNESCO status has since been expanded to encompass the whole historic centre of Córdoba . Much of this architecture , such as the Alcázar and the Roman bridge has been reworked or reconstructed by the city 's successive inhabitants . Córdoba has the highest summer temperatures in Spain and Europe , with average high temperatures around 37 °C ( 99 °F ) in July and August ."}]}, {'value': 'Andalusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andalusia', 'summary': "Andalusia region ( UK : /ˌændəˈluːsiə , -ziə/ , US : /-ʒ ( i ) ə , -ʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Spanish : Andalucía [ andaluˈθi.a ] ) is the southern autonomous community in Peninsular Spain . It is the most populous , and the second largest autonomous community in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality . The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville . Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula , in southwestern Europe , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar . Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines . The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar . The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System , consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains , separated by the Intrabaetic Basin . In the north , the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain 's Meseta Central . To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System , while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir . The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus ( الأندلس ) ."}]}, {'value': 'LEBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ODB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Córdoba Airport [ 11 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Córdoba_Airport', 'summary': 'Córdoba Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Córdoba ) ( IATA : ODB , ICAO : LEBA ) is an airport located 6 kilometres ( 3.7 mi ) from the central business district of the city of Córdoba , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Castellón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castellón_de_la_Plana', 'summary': 'Castellón de la Plana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kasteˈʎon de la ˈplana ] ) , Castelló de la Plana ( official ) ( Valencian pronunciation : [ kasteˈʎo ðe la ˈplana ] ) , or simply Castellón , is the capital city of the province of Castellón , in the Valencian Community , Spain , in the east of the Iberian Peninsula , on the Costa del Azahar by the Mediterranean Sea . The mountain range known as Desert de les Palmes rises inland north of the town . The Prime Meridian crosses Castelló de la Plana , and intersects with the 40th Parallel , and commemorates it with the Meridian Park ( Parque del Meridiano ) , and the exact point where this occurs can be visited .'}]}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencian_Community', 'summary': "The Valencian Community [ a ] [ b ] is an autonomous community of Spain . It is the fourth most populous autonomous community after Andalusia , Catalonia and Madrid with more than five million inhabitants . Its homonymous capital Valencia is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Spain . It is located along the Mediterranean coast on the east side of the Iberian peninsula . It borders with Catalonia to the north , Aragon and Castilla-La Mancha to the west , and Murcia to the south . The Valencian Community consists of three provinces which are Castellón , Valencia and Alicante . According to its Statute of Autonomy , the Valencian people are a nationality . Their origins date back to the Aragonese reconquest of the Moorish Taifa of Valencia , which was taken by James I of Aragon in 1238 during the Reconquista . The newly founded Kingdom of Valencia was granted wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon . Valencia experienced its golden age in the 15th century , as it became the Crown 's economic capital . Self-government continued after the unification of the Spanish Kingdom , but was eventually suspended in 1707 by Phillip V of Spain as a result of the Spanish War of Succession . Valencian nationalism resurged towards the end of the 19th century , which led to the modern conception of the Valencian Country ."}]}, {'value': 'LECH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CDT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castellon Airport [ 12 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castellon_Airport', 'summary': 'Castellón Airport ( IATA : CDT , ICAO : LECN ) is a small general aviation airport in Castellón de la Plana , on the mid-east coast of Spain , about 68 km ( 42 mi ) north of Valencia .'}]}, {'value': 'Girona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girona', 'summary': 'Girona ( /dʒɪˈroʊnə/ , Catalan : [ ʒiˈɾonə ] , Spanish : Gerona [ xeˈɾona ] ) is a city in Catalonia , Spain , at the confluence of the rivers Ter , Onyar , Galligants , and Güell and has an official population of 101,852 in 2019 . It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès . It is located 99 km ( 62 mi ) northeast of Barcelona . Girona is a major Catalan city .'}]}, {'value': 'Catalonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catalonia', 'summary': "Catalonia ( /ˌkætəˈloʊniə/ ; Catalan : Catalunya [ kətəˈluɲə ] ; Aranese : Catalonha [ kataˈluɲɔ ] ; Spanish : Cataluña [ kataˈluɲa ] ) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain , self-designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy . [ c ] Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union . It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées-Orientales , Occitanie ) . It is bordered by France ( Occitanie ) and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . In the late 8th century , the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions . The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal , the count of Barcelona . In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto . In 1137 , Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon . The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258 . The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system , such as courts ( parliament ) , and constitutions , becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon 's naval power , trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean ."}]}, {'value': 'LEGE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GRO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Girona-Costa Brava Airport [ 13 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girona–Costa_Brava_Airport', 'summary': "Girona-Costa Brava Airport ( IATA : GRO , ICAO : LEGE ) ( Catalan : Aeroport de Girona-Costa Brava , Spanish : Aeropuerto de Gerona-Costa Brava ) is an airport located 12.5 km ( 7.8 mi ) southwest of the city of Girona , next to the small village of Vilobí d'Onyar , in the north-east of Catalonia , Spain . The airport is well connected to the Costa Brava and the Pyrenees . Girona Airport is used as an alternative airport for Barcelona as well , even though the airport is 74 km ( 46 mi ) north of the center of Barcelona ."}]}, {'value': 'Granada / Jaén', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Granada', 'summary': 'Granada ( /ɡrəˈnɑːdə/ grə-NAH-də , Spanish : [ ɡɾaˈnaða ] ) [ a ] , locally [ ɡɾaˈna ] is the capital city of the province of Granada , in the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains , at the confluence of four rivers , the Darro , the Genil , the Monachil and the Beiro . It sits at an average elevation of 738 m ( 2,421 ft ) above sea level , yet is only one hour by car from the Mediterranean coast , the Costa Tropical . Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station , where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held . In the 2005 national census , the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982 , and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638 , ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of Spain . About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship , the largest number of these people ( 31% ; or 1% of the total population ) coming from South America . Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Granada-Jaén Airport . The Alhambra , an Arab citadel and palace , is located in Granada . It is the most renowned building of the Islamic historical legacy with its many cultural attractions that make Granada a popular destination among the tourist cities of Spain . The Almohad influence on architecture is also preserved in the Granada neighborhood called the Albaicín with its fine examples of Moorish and Morisco construction . Granada is also well-known within Spain for the University of Granada which has an estimated 82,000 students spread over five different campuses in the city . The pomegranate ( in Spanish , granada ) is the heraldic device of Granada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jaén,_Spain', 'summary': 'Jaén ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xaˈen ] ) is a city in south-central Spain , located in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It is the capital of the province of Jaén . Its population is 116,731 ( 2012 ) , about one-sixth of the population of the province . Recently Jaén has had a great increase in cultural tourism , having received 604,523 tourists along the year 2015 , 10% more than in 2014 . The city is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil , because it is the biggest producer of the oil , known by locals as liquid gold . The layout of Jaén is determined by its position in the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains , with steep , narrow streets , in the historical central city district . The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province . Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works , tanneries , distilleries , cookie factories , textile factories , as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry .'}]}, {'value': 'Andalusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andalusia', 'summary': "Andalusia region ( UK : /ˌændəˈluːsiə , -ziə/ , US : /-ʒ ( i ) ə , -ʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Spanish : Andalucía [ andaluˈθi.a ] ) is the southern autonomous community in Peninsular Spain . It is the most populous , and the second largest autonomous community in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality . The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville . Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula , in southwestern Europe , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar . Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines . The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar . The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System , consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains , separated by the Intrabaetic Basin . In the north , the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain 's Meseta Central . To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System , while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir . The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus ( الأندلس ) ."}]}, {'value': 'LEGR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GRX', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federico García Lorca Airport [ 14 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federico_García_Lorca_Airport', 'summary': 'Federico García Lorca Granada-Jaén Airport ( IATA : GRX , ICAO : LEGR ) , also known as Granada Airport , is the airport serving the province and city of Granada , in Spain , although it has Jaén in its name . The airport is located near to Chauchina and Santa Fe , about 9.4 miles ( 15 km ) west of Granada and 62.5 miles ( 100 km ) south of Jaén . Construction of the airport began in 1970 and it opened as Aeropuerto de Granada in 1972 . On June 13 , 2006 it was officially named after the poet Federico García Lorca , born near Granada .'}]}, {'value': 'Huesca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huesca', 'summary': 'Huesca ( Spanish : [ ˈweska ] ; Aragonese : Uesca ) is a city in north-eastern Spain , within the autonomous community of Aragon . It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca . In 2009 it had a population of 52,059 , almost a quarter of the total population of the province . The city is one of the smallest provincial capitals in Spain . Huesca celebrates its main festival Fiestas de San Lorenzo from 9 to 15 August .'}]}, {'value': 'Aragon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aragon', 'summary': "Aragon ( /ˈærəɡɒn/ or /ˈærəɡən/ , Spanish and Aragonese : Aragón [ aɾaˈɣon ] , Catalan : Aragó [ əɾəˈɣo ] ) is an autonomous community in Spain , coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon . Located in northeastern Spain , the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces ( from north to south ) : Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel . Its capital is Zaragoza ( also called Saragossa in English ) . The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a historic nationality of Spain . Covering an area of 47720 km2 ( 18420 sq mi ) , the region 's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys , rich pasture lands and orchards , through to the arid steppe plains of the central lowlands . Aragon is home to many rivers - most notably , the river Ebro , Spain 's largest river in volume , which runs west-east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza . It is also home to the highest mountains of the Pyrenees . As of January 2016 [ update ] , the population of Aragon was 1308563 , with over half of it living in its capital city , Zaragoza . During the same year , the economy of Aragon generated a GDP of €34687 million , which represents 3.1% of Spain 's national GDP , and is currently 6th in per capita production behind Madrid , Basque Country , Navarre , Catalonia and La Rioja . In addition to its three provinces , Aragon is subdivided into 33 comarcas or counties . All comarcas of Aragon have a rich geopolitical and cultural history from its pre-Roman , Celtic and Roman days , and four centuries of Islamic period as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom ( or taifa ) of Saraqusta , and as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica , counties that later formed the Kingdom of Aragon and eventually the Crown of Aragon ."}]}, {'value': 'LEHC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HSK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huesca-Pirineos Airport [ 15 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huesca-Pirineos_Airport', 'summary': 'Huesca-Pirineos Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Huesca-Pirineos ) ( IATA : HSK , ICAO : LEHC ) , also known as Huesca Airport , is the airport serving the province of Huesca in Spain . The airport is located 9 kilometres ( 5.6 mi ) southeast of the city of Huesca , near the villages of Monflorite-Lascasas and Alcalá del Obispo . The airport is intended to support skiing resorts in the Aragonese Pyrenees , but the closest ski station is more than 100 kilometers away . In 2013 , 279 passengers passed through the airport , a decrease of 79.2% from 2012 . Aircraft movements fell by 33.1% to 1,637 . Data for 2016 indicated that passenger usage had fallen to a total of 95 for the year ( 49 arrivals and 46 departures ) , making Huesca-Pirineos the airport with the least passenger traffic in the AENA network . . However , by 2018 passenger numbers had improved , as in that year the airport handled 1,473 passengers and 9,477 flight operations'}]}, {'value': 'Jerez de la Frontera , Cádiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera', 'summary': 'Jerez de la Frontera ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xeˈɾeθ ðe la fɾonˈteɾa ] ) , or simply Jerez ( pronounced [ xeˈɾeθ ] ) , is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia , in southwestern Spain , located midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Cádiz Mountains . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city , the largest in the province , had a population of 212,876 . It is the fifth largest in Andalusia , and has become the transportation and communications hub of the province , surpassing even Cádiz , the provincial capital , in economic activity . Jerez de la Frontera is also , in terms of land area , the largest municipality in the province , and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture . There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations , as well as a world-renowned wine industry ( Xerez ) . Currently , Jerez , with 212,876 inhabitants , is the 25th largest city in Spain , the 5th in Andalusia and 1st in the Province of Cádiz . It belongs to the Municipal Association of the Bay of Cádiz ( Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz ) , the 3rd largest Andalusian metropolitan area and the 12th in Spain , with over 650,000 inhabitants . Its municipality covers an area of 1,188.14 km2 ( 458.74 sq mi ) and includes the Los Alcornocales Natural Park and the Sierra de Gibalbín , also known as Montes de Propio de Jerez . The city is located 12 km ( 7.46 mi ) from the Atlantic Ocean , in Campiña de Jerez , a region suitable for cultivating the vineyards that produce famous sherry . Some famous places in to the city are Alcazar of Jerez , Church of San Miguel , Charterhouse of Jerez , the Cathedral of San Salvador . Since 1987 the Grand Prix motorcycle racing has been held at the Circuito de Jerez in early May . On this weekend , the city welcomes tens of thousands of bikers from around the world .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cádiz_(province)', 'summary': 'Cádiz is a province of southern Spain , in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia . It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain , as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe . It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva , Seville , and Málaga , as well as the Atlantic Ocean , the Mediterranean Sea , the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar . Its area is 7,385 square kilometres . Its capital is the city of Cádiz , which has a population of more than 128,000 . The largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 208,896 inhabitants ( as of 2010 ) , and another important city is Algeciras with just over 114,000 inhabitants . The entire province had a population of 1,240,175 ( as of 2014 ) , of whom about 600,000 live in the Bay of Cádiz area . Its population density is 167.93 per square kilometre .'}]}, {'value': 'Andalusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andalusia', 'summary': "Andalusia region ( UK : /ˌændəˈluːsiə , -ziə/ , US : /-ʒ ( i ) ə , -ʃ ( i ) ə/ ; Spanish : Andalucía [ andaluˈθi.a ] ) is the southern autonomous community in Peninsular Spain . It is the most populous , and the second largest autonomous community in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a historical nationality . The territory is divided into eight provinces : Almería , Cádiz , Córdoba , Granada , Huelva , Jaén , Málaga and Seville . Its capital is the city of Seville . Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian peninsula , in southwestern Europe , immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha ; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea ; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean ; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar . Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines . The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar . The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System , consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains , separated by the Intrabaetic Basin . In the north , the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain 's Meseta Central . To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System , while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir . The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus ( الأندلس ) ."}]}, {'value': 'LEJR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XRY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerez Airport [ 16 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerez_Airport', 'summary': 'Jerez Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Jerez ) ( IATA : XRY , ICAO : LEJR ) , is an airport located 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) northeast of Jerez de la Frontera in Southern Spain , about 28.1 mi ( 45.2 km ) from Cádiz .'}]}, {'value': "La Seu d'Urgell / Andorra", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/La_Seu_d'Urgell", 'summary': "La Seu d'Urgell ( Catalan : [ lə ˈsɛw ðuɾˈʒeʎ ] ; Spanish : Seo de Urgel , formerly in Catalan : Urgell ) is a town located in the Catalan Pyrenees in Spain . La Seu d'Urgell is also the capital of the comarca Alt Urgell , head of the judicial district of la Seu d'Urgell and the seat of Bishop of Urgell , one of the Andorra co-princes . It is in the district of Alt Pirineu i Aran ( High Pyrenees and Aran ) , and is the town with the most inhabitants , having 17.4% of the district population . La Seu d'Urgell and Puigcerdà together have 30% of the population of the area . It is located at the confluence of the Segre and the Valira rivers . The city is in the local region of Urgellet , a Pyrenean region formed by 16 municipalities of Alt Urgell . Urgellet and Andorra were the originary County of Urgell with capital in la Seu d'Urgell before the county expansion to the south . Alt Urgell is the gateway to the state of Andorra and the proximity to this important population center and economic activity is largely one of the reasons for the current drive of the city of la Seu d'Urgell within Alt Pirineu i Aran . The town 's patron saints are Saint Ot of Urgell , Saint Sebastian , and the Virgin of Urgell . While the Virgin of Núria and Sant Ermengol are the main patrons of the diocese of Urgell . Sant Ermengol is the most prominent in the city than other patrons . Probably that 's why there are various events throughout the year dedicated to Sant Ermengol , such as the Sant Ermengol Fair , one of the oldest in Catalonia , and the altarpiece of Sant Ermengol ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andorra', 'summary': "Andorra ( /ænˈdɔːrə/ ( listen ) , also UK : /ænˈdɒrə/ ; Catalan : [ ənˈdorə ] ) , officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat d'Andorra ) , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat de les Valls d'Andorra ) , is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula , in the eastern Pyrenees , bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south . Believed to have been created by Charlemagne , Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988 , when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell . The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278 . It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two princes : the Catholic bishop of Urgell in Catalonia , Spain , and the president of the French Republic . Andorra is the sixth-smallest nation in Europe , having an area of 468 square kilometres ( 181 sq mi ) and a population of approximately 77,006 . The Andorran people are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent . Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and the 11th-smallest by population . Its capital , Andorra la Vella , is the highest capital city in Europe , at an elevation of 1,023 metres ( 3,356 feet ) above sea level . The official language is Catalan , but Spanish , Portuguese , and French are also commonly spoken . Tourism in Andorra sees an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually . Andorra is not a member of the European Union , but the euro is its official currency . It has been a member of the United Nations since 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Catalonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catalonia', 'summary': "Catalonia ( /ˌkætəˈloʊniə/ ; Catalan : Catalunya [ kətəˈluɲə ] ; Aranese : Catalonha [ kataˈluɲɔ ] ; Spanish : Cataluña [ kataˈluɲa ] ) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain , self-designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy . [ c ] Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union . It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées-Orientales , Occitanie ) . It is bordered by France ( Occitanie ) and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . In the late 8th century , the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions . The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal , the count of Barcelona . In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto . In 1137 , Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon . The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258 . The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system , such as courts ( parliament ) , and constitutions , becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon 's naval power , trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean ."}]}, {'value': 'LESU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LEU', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell Airport", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Andorra–La_Seu_d'Urgell_Airport", 'summary': "Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell Airport ( IATA : LEU , ICAO : LESU ) ( Catalan : Aeroport Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell , Spanish : Aeropuerto Andorra-La Seu d'Urgell ) is a public airport owned by the Government of Catalonia and hosts general aviation and commercial flights . It is located in the municipality of Montferrer i Castellbò in Catalonia , eastern Spain , and serves the city of la Seu d'Urgell and the microstate Principality of Andorra , which is 12 km north of the airport . The airport has a short runway which limits aircraft sizes and the distance to destinations ."}]}, {'value': 'León', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/León,_Spain', 'summary': "León ( UK : /leɪˈɒn/ , US : /-ˈoʊn/ ; Spanish : [ leˈon ] ; Leonese : Llión [ ʎiˈoŋ ] ) is the capital of the province of León , located in the northwest of Spain . Its city population of 127,817 ( 2015 ) makes it the largest municipality in the province , accounting for more than one quarter of the province 's population . Including the metropolitan area , the population is estimated at 202,793 ( 2015 ) . Founded as the military encampment of the Legio VI Victrix around 29 BC , its standing as an encampment city was consolidated with the definitive settlement of the Legio VII Gemina from 74 AD . Following its partial depopulation due to the Umayyad conquest of the peninsula . 910 saw the beginning of one its most prominent historical periods , when it became the capital of the Kingdom of León , which took active part in the Reconquista against the Moors , and came to be one of the fundamental kingdoms of medieval Spain . In 1188 , the city hosted the first Parliament in European history under the reign of Alfonso IX , due to which it was named in 2010 , by the professor John Keane , the King of Spain and the Junta of Castile and León , as the cradle of Parliamentarism , and the Decreta of León were included in the Memory of the World register by UNESCO in 2013 . The city 's prominence began to decline in the early Middle Ages , partly due to the loss of independence after the union of the Leonese kingdom with the Crown of Castile , consolidated in 1301 . After a period of stagnation during the early modern age , it was one of the first cities to hold an uprising in the Spanish War of Independence , and some years later , in 1833 acquired the status of provincial capital . The end of the 19th and the 20th century saw a significant acceleration in the rate of urban expansion , when the city became an important communications hub of the northwest due to the rise of the coal mining industry and the arrival of the railroad . León 's historical and architectural heritage , as well as the numerous festivals hosted throughout the year ( particularly noteworthy are the Easter processions ) and its location on the French Way of the Camino de Santiago , which is ranked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , make it a destination of both domestic and international tourism . Some of the city 's most prominent historical buildings are the Cathedral , one of the finest examples of French-style classic Gothic architecture in Spain , the Basilica of San Isidoro , one of the most important Romanesque churches in Spain and resting place of León 's medieval monarchs , the Monastery of San Marcos , an example of plateresque and Renaissance Spanish architecture , and the Casa Botines , a Modernist creation of the architect Antoni Gaudí ."}]}, {'value': 'Castile and León', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castile_and_León', 'summary': 'Castile and León ( UK : /kæˈstiːl . leɪˈɒn/ , US : /-ˈoʊn/ ; Spanish : Castilla y León [ kasˈtiʎa i leˈon ] ( listen ) ) [ n. 1 ] is an autonomous community in north-western Spain . It was created in 1983 . Formed by the provinces of Ávila , Burgos , León , Palencia , Salamanca , Segovia , Soria , Valladolid and Zamora , it is the largest autonomous community in Spain in terms of area , covering 94,222 km2 . It is however sparsely populated , with a population density below 30/km2 . While a capital has not been explicitly declared , the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in Valladolid by law and for all purposes that city ( also the most populated municipality ) serves as de facto regional capital . Castile and León is a landlocked region , bordered by Portugal as well as by the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia , Asturias , Cantabria , the Basque Country , La Rioja , Aragon , Castilla-La Mancha , the Community of Madrid and Extremadura . Chiefly comprising the northern half of the Inner Plateau , it is surrounded by mountain barriers ( the Picos de Europa to the North , the Sistema Central to the South and the Sistema Ibérico to the East ) and it is drained by the Douro River , flowing west toward the Atlantic Ocean . The region contains eight World Heritage Sites . UNESCO recognizes the Cortes of León of 1188 as the cradle of worldwide parliamentarism .'}]}, {'value': 'LELN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LEN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'León Airport [ 17 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/León_Airport', 'summary': 'León Airport , Spanish : Aeropuerto de León or Aeropuertu de Llión in Leonese language ( IATA : LEN , ICAO : LELN ) , is a minor domestic airport located 6 kilometres ( 4 mi ) from León , Spain . It is one of the oldest military air bases in Spain , and the airport with the highest elevation of the Iberian Peninsula .'}]}, {'value': 'Lleida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lleida', 'summary': "Lleida ( US : /ˈljɛðə , ˈjeɪðɑː/ LYEDH-ə , YAY-dhah , Catalan : [ ˈʎɛjðə ] ; Spanish : Lérida [ ˈleɾiða ] ) [ a ] is a city in the west of Catalonia , Spain . It is the capital city of the province of Lleida . Geographically , it is located in the Catalan Central Depression . It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca , as well as the largest city in the province . It had 137,387 inhabitants as of 2010 [ update ] , including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs . Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia , with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period . Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula , the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people , the Ilergetes . The town became a municipality , named Ilerda , under the reign of Augustus . It was reconquered in 1149 , after being ruled by the Moors for many centuries , who had conquered the town in the 8th century . In 1297 , the University of Lleida was founded , becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain . During the following centuries , the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers ' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century . Since then , the city has been in a constant urban , commercial and demographic growth ."}]}, {'value': 'Catalonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catalonia', 'summary': "Catalonia ( /ˌkætəˈloʊniə/ ; Catalan : Catalunya [ kətəˈluɲə ] ; Aranese : Catalonha [ kataˈluɲɔ ] ; Spanish : Cataluña [ kataˈluɲa ] ) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain , self-designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy . [ c ] Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union . It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées-Orientales , Occitanie ) . It is bordered by France ( Occitanie ) and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . In the late 8th century , the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions . The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal , the count of Barcelona . In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto . In 1137 , Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon . The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258 . The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system , such as courts ( parliament ) , and constitutions , becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon 's naval power , trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean ."}]}, {'value': 'LEDA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ILD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lleida-Alguaire Airport [ 18 ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lleida-Alguaire_Airport', 'summary': 'Lleida-Alguaire Airport ( IATA : ILD , ICAO : LEDA ) ( Catalan : Aeroport de Lleida-Alguaire , Spanish : Aeropuerto de Lérida-Alguaire ) is an airport located in Alguaire , Catalonia , Spain ; about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the centre of Lleida and about 150 km ( 93 mi ) from the centre of Barcelona .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Airports in Spain ( mainland )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_airports_in_Spain_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of airports in Spain, sorted by location.'}
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What is the name of the airport in the Location that is the largest city proper in northern Spain ?
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Bilbao Airport [ 9 ]
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029da9c1e9080cc6
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest_points_in_Nevada_by_county', 'title': 'List of highest points in Nevada by county', 'header': ['County', 'Name', 'Height feet / m', 'Source'], 'data': [{'value': 'Carson City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada', 'summary': "Carson City , officially the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City , is an independent city in and the capital of the U.S. state of Nevada , named after the mountain man Kit Carson . As of the 2010 census , the population was 55,274 . The majority of the town 's population lives in Eagle Valley , on the eastern edge of the Carson Range , a branch of the Sierra Nevada , about 30 miles ( 50 km ) south of Reno . The town began as a stopover for California-bound emigrants , but developed into a city with the Comstock Lode , a silver strike in the mountains to the northeast . The city has served as Nevada 's capital since statehood in 1864 ; for much of its history it was a hub for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad , although the tracks were removed in 1950 . Before 1969 , Carson City was the county seat of Ormsby County . The county was abolished that year , and its territory merged with Carson City . With the consolidation , the city limits extend west across the Sierra Nevada to the California state line in the middle of Lake Tahoe . Like other independent cities in the United States , it is treated as a county-equivalent for census purposes ."}]}, {'value': 'Snow Valley Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snow_Valley_Peak', 'summary': "Snow Valley Peak is a mountain located in the Carson Range of the Sierra Nevada . The mountain lies within the city limits of Carson City , NV . At 9,214 feet in elevation it is also the city 's highest point . From the peak Mound House , Carson City , Lake Tahoe , Reno and Carson Valley are all clearly visible . The peak is accessible along the Tahoe Rim Trail from the Spooner Lake Trailhead . The mountain is part of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest although Lake Tahoe-Nevada State Park lies immediately to the west . The sources of three creeks begin on Snow Valley Peak : North Canyon Creek on the western flank , Clear Creek on the southern , and Ash Canyon Creek on the eastern ."}]}, {'value': '9,218 / 2,809', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Churchill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Churchill_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Churchill County is a county in the western U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 24,877 . Its county seat is Fallon . Named for Mexican-American War hero brevet Brigadier General Sylvester Churchill , the county was formed in 1861 . It is not named after Sir Winston Churchill , born thirteen years after the county was formed and named . Churchill County comprises the Fallon , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area . It is in northwestern Nevada . Churchill County is noteworthy in that it owns and operates the local telephone carrier , Churchill County Communications .'}]}, {'value': 'Desatoya Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Desatoya_Peak', 'summary': 'Desatoya Peak is the tallest mountain in both the Desatoya Mountains and Churchill County , in Nevada , United States . It ranks forty-third among the most topographically prominent peaks in the state . The mountain has two peaks with the south peak being the taller at 9,977 feet ( 3,041 m ) while the north peak has an elevation of 9,970 feet ( 3,039 m ) . It is located about 38 miles ( 61 km ) west of Austin and 55 miles ( 89 km ) east of Fallon , along the boundary between Churchill County and Lander County . The peak is on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management and thus has no access restrictions .'}]}, {'value': '9,977 / 3,041', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada', 'summary': "Clark County is located in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,951,269 , with an estimated population of 2,231,647 in 2018 . Most of the county population resides in the Las Vegas Census County Divisions , holding 1,771,945 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 476 square miles ( 1,233 km2 ) . It is by far the most populous county in Nevada , accounting for nearly three-quarters of the state 's residents - thus making Nevada one of the most centralized states in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Charleston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Charleston', 'summary': 'Mount Charleston , including Charleston Peak ( Nuvagantu , literally where snow sits , in Southern Paiute ) at 11,916 feet ( 3,632 m ) , is the highest mountain in both the Spring Mountains and Clark County , in Nevada , United States . It is the eighth-highest mountain in the state . Well separated from higher peaks by large , low basins , Charleston Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in Nevada , and the eighth-most-prominent peak in the contiguous United States . It is one of eight ultra-prominent peaks in Nevada . It is located about 35 miles ( 56 km ) northwest of Las Vegas within the Mount Charleston Wilderness , which is within the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest .'}]}, {'value': '11,916 / 3,632', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Douglas County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 46,997 . Its county seat is Minden . Douglas County comprises the Gardnerville Ranchos , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Yuba City , CA-NV Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'East Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Peak_(Douglas_County,_Nevada)', 'summary': 'East Peak is a mountain in the Carson Range of western Nevada , United States . It is the highest point in Douglas County . The summit is in the Heavenly ski area and is the location of East Peak Lodge .'}]}, {'value': '9,595 / 2,924', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elko_County,_Nevada', 'summary': "Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,818 . Its county seat is Elko . The county was established on March 5 , 1869 , from Lander County . The Elko County Commissioners approved Proclamation 2019-02 celebrating the 150th Birthday of Elko County on March 6 , 2019 . Elko County is the fourth-largest county by area in the contiguous United States , ranking lower when the boroughs of Alaska are included . It is one of only 10 counties in the U.S. with more than 10,000 square miles ( 25,900 km2 ) of area . Elko County is part of the Elko , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area . It contains 49.8 percent of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation , set up in the late 19th century for the Shoshone-Paiute peoples ; they are a federally recognized tribe . Although slightly more than 50% of the reservation is across the border in Owyhee County , Idaho , the majority of tribal members live on the Nevada side . The reservation 's land area is 450.391 square miles ( 1,166.5 km2 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ruby Dome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruby_Dome', 'summary': 'Ruby Dome is the highest mountain in both the Ruby Mountains and Elko County , in Nevada , United States . It is the twenty-seventh-highest mountain in the state , and also ranks as the thirteenth-most topographically prominent peak in the state . The peak is located about 21 miles ( 34 km ) southeast of the city of Elko within the Ruby Mountains Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest . The mountain rises from a base elevation of about 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) to a height of 11,387 feet ( 3,471 m ) . It is the highest mountain for over 90 miles in all directions .'}]}, {'value': '11,392 / 3,472', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esmeralda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esmeralda_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Esmeralda County is a county in the west of U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 783 , making it the least populous county in Nevada . Esmeralda County does not have any incorporated communities . Its county seat is the town of Goldfield . Its 2000 census population density of 0.2706 inhabitants per square mile ( 0.1045/km2 ) was the second-lowest of any county in the contiguous United States ( above Loving County , Texas ) . Its school district does not have a high school , so students in grades 9-12 go to school in Tonopah , in the Nye County School District . Esmeralda is the only Nevada county in the Los Angeles TV market ( or any California market ) as defined by The Nielsen Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'Boundary Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boundary_Peak_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Boundary Peak is a mountain in Esmeralda County , Nevada , United States . With a peak elevation of 13,147 feet ( 4,007 m ) , it is the highest natural point in the state of Nevada .'}]}, {'value': '13,147 / 4,007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eureka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eureka_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Eureka County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,987 , making it the second-least populous county in Nevada . Its county seat is Eureka . Eureka County is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Diamond Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diamond_Peak_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Diamond Peak is both the highest and most topographically prominent mountain in both the Diamond Mountains and Eureka County , in Nevada , United States . It ranks thirty-ninth among the most topographically prominent peaks in the state . The peak is located on the border of Eureka County and White Pine County , about 12 miles northeast of the small town of Eureka , between the south end of Diamond Valley and the central portion of Newark Valley . It is on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management and thus has no access restrictions .'}]}, {'value': '10,631 / 3,240', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Humboldt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Humboldt_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 16,528 . Its county seat is Winnemucca . Humboldt County comprises the Winnemucca , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Granite Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Granite_Peak_(Humboldt_County,_Nevada)', 'summary': 'Granite Peak is the highest mountain in both the Santa Rosa Range and Humboldt County , in Nevada , United States . It is the eighteenth-most topographically prominent peak in the state . The peak is located within the Santa Rosa Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest , about 12 miles north of the small town of Paradise Valley and 23 miles southeast of the small town of McDermitt . It is the highest mountain for over 80 miles in all directions .'}]}, {'value': '9,736 / 2,967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lander_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Lander County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 5,775 . Its county seat is Battle Mountain .'}]}, {'value': 'Bunker Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bunker_Hill_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Bunker Hill is the highest mountain in Lander County , within the Toiyabe Range of central Nevada , United States . It is the twenty-second highest mountain in the state . The peak is located within the Austin Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest , about 17 miles south of the small town of Austin and just northwest of the small town of Kingston .'}]}, {'value': '11,477 / 3,498', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lincoln', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 5,345 . Its county seat is Pioche .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Grafton ( South Ridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Grafton', 'summary': "Mount Grafton is the high point of the southern section of the Schell Creek Range in southern White Pine County , in eastern Nevada in the western United States . The summit is located 39 miles ( 63 km ) south of the community of Ely . The south ridge crosses into Lincoln County , making it that county 's highest point at 10,640 feet ( 3,240 m ) ."}]}, {'value': '10,645+ / 3,244+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyon_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Lyon County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 51,980 . Its county seat is Yerington . Lyon County includes the Fernley , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is part of the Reno-Carson City-Fernley , NV Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle Sister ( Northeast Ridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_Sister_(California)', 'summary': "Middle Sister is a mountain in the Sweetwater Mountains of Mono County , California , United States . It is located within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest . The northeast ridge crosses into Lyon County in Nevada , making that location the Lyon County 's highest point at about 10,565 feet ( 3,220 m ) ."}]}, {'value': '10,565+ / 3,221+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mineral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mineral_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Mineral County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 4,772 , making it the fourth-least populous county in Nevada . Its county seat is Hawthorne .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Grant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Grant_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Mount Grant is both the highest and most topographically prominent mountain in both the Wassuk Range and Mineral County in Nevada , United States . It ranks thirteenth among the most topographically prominent peaks in the state . The peak is located within the Hawthorne Army Depot , resulting in very limited public access . Mount Grant was named after Ulysses S. Grant ( 1822-1885 ) , general of the Union during the American Civil War and afterward 18th President of the United States .'}]}, {'value': '11,285+ / 3,439+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nye_County,_Nevada', 'summary': "Nye County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 43,946 . Its county seat is Tonopah . At 18,159 square miles ( 47,030 km2 ) , Nye is the largest county by area in the state and the third-largest county in the contiguous United States ( thus excluding the boroughs of Alaska ) . Nye County comprises the Pahrump , NV Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Las Vegas-Henderson , NV-AZ Combined Statistical Area . In 2010 , the center of population of Nevada was in southern Nye County , near Yucca Mountain . The Nevada Test Site and proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository are in the southwestern part of the county , and are the focus of a great deal of political and public controversy in the state . The federal government manages 92 percent of the county 's land . A 1987 attempt to deposit the nuclear waste resulted in the creation of Bullfrog County , Nevada , which was dissolved two years later . The county has several environmentally sensitive areas , including Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge , the White River Valley , several Great Basin sky islands and a portion of Death Valley National Park . Visitors to Death Valley often stay at Beatty or Amargosa Valley . Nye County is one of 11 Nevada counties where prostitution is legal ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Jefferson_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Mount Jefferson is the highest mountain in both the Toquima Range and Nye County in Nevada , United States . It is the sixth highest mountain in the state . As the high point of a range which is well separated from other ranges by low basins , Mount Jefferson has a high topographic prominence of 5,861 feet ( 1,786 m ) . This makes it the most prominent peak in Nye County and the third most prominent peak in Nevada ( after Charleston Peak and Wheeler Peak ) . For similar reasons , it is also the highest mountain for over 90 miles in all directions . It is located about 50 miles ( 80 km ) northeast of the county seat of Tonopah within the Alta Toquima Wilderness of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest , near the smaller towns of Carvers and Round Mountain . Three distinct summits are located on a broad area of subalpine tundra : North Summit rises to 11,820 feet ( 3,603 m ) , Middle Summit to 11,692 feet ( 3,564 m ) , and South Summit to 11,949 feet ( 3,642 m ) . During the Pleistocene , alpine glaciers eroded several cirques east of the summit plateau .'}]}, {'value': '11,946 / 3,642', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pershing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pershing_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Pershing County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 6,753 . Its county seat is Lovelock . The county was named after army general John J. Pershing ( 1860-1948 ) . It was formed from Humboldt County in 1919 , and the last county to be established in Nevada . The Black Rock Desert , location for the annual Burning Man festival , is partially in the county . The county is listed as Nevada Historical Marker 17 . The marker is at the courthouse in Lovelock .'}]}, {'value': 'Star Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Peak_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Star Peak is both the highest and most topographically prominent mountain in both the Humboldt Range and Pershing County in Nevada , United States . It is the sixth-most topographically prominent peak in Nevada . The peak is on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management and has no access restrictions .'}]}, {'value': '9,840 / 2,999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Storey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Storey_County,_Nevada', 'summary': 'Storey County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 4,010 , making it the third-least populous county in Nevada . Its county seat is Virginia City . Storey County is part of the Reno , NV Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Davidson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Davidson_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Mount Davidson is both the highest and most topographically prominent mountain in both Storey County , Nevada , and the Virginia Range . The mountain forms a backdrop for the mining boomtown of Virginia City which was built above the Comstock Lode silver strike . Mount Davidson was named after Donald Davidson , a geologist . Mark Twain mentions a flag on Mount Davidson in his semi-autobiographical book Roughing It . As of 2003 the flagpole was still standing .'}]}, {'value': '7,868 / 2,398', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washoe_County,_Nevada', 'summary': "Washoe County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 421,407 , making it Nevada 's second-most populous county . Its county seat is Reno . Washoe County is included in the Reno , NV Metropolitan Statistical Area ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Rose_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Mount Rose is the highest mountain in Washoe County , within the Carson Range of Nevada , United States . It ranks thirty-seventh among the most topographically prominent peaks in the state . It is also both the highest and most topographically prominent peak of the greater Sierra Nevada range within the state of Nevada , and the third most topographically prominent peak in the Sierra Nevada overall . It is located in the Mount Rose Wilderness of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest . An extinct volcano , the mountain is in between Lake Tahoe and Reno . State Route 431 traverses Mount Rose Summit southeast of Mount Rose . Due to the high elevation , most of the precipitation that falls on the mountain is snow . The view from Mount Rose , facing east is the Truckee Meadows area is the second largest population center in Nevada . According to one tradition , the peak was named after Jacob S , Rose , an early settler , while another tradition states the mountain has the name of Rose Hickman , an early explorer . Mount Rose Ski Tahoe is nearby but is not on Mount Rose . Despite the name , the resort is actually on the slopes of Slide Mountain , which is on the other side of Nevada State Route 431 . The east slope of Slide Mountain , is the East Bowl of Mt .'}]}, {'value': '10,785 / 3,287', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'White Pine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_Pine_County,_Nevada', 'summary': "White Pine County is a largely rural , mountain county along the central eastern boundary of the U.S. state of Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 10,030 . Its county seat is Ely . The name White Pine is an old name for the Limber Pine , a common tree in the county 's mountains . The county boasts dark skies , clean air and millions of acres of unspoiled public land . It is the home of Great Basin National Park , one of America 's most remote and least visited national parks . It is also home to no less than 14 federally designated wilderness areas , offering an abundance of terrain available to explore for hikers , backpackers , skiers , hunters and anglers . The Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation is located in the county , on the south side of the City of Ely . The reservation has a land area of 104.99 acres ( 0.4249 km² ) and a 2000 census official resident population of 133 persons ."}]}, {'value': 'Wheeler Peak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(Nevada)', 'summary': 'Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and in White Pine County , in Nevada , United States . The summit elevation of 13,065 feet ( 3,982 m ) makes it the second-highest peak in Nevada , just behind Boundary Peak . With a topographic prominence of 7,563 feet ( 2,305 m ) , Wheeler Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in White Pine County and the second-most prominent peak in Nevada , just behind Mount Charleston . The mountain is located in Great Basin National Park and was named for George Wheeler , leader of the Wheeler Survey of the late 19th century .'}]}, {'value': '13,065 / 3,982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NGS', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of highest points in the U.S. state of Nevada , in alphabetical order by county . All elevations use the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 ( NAVD88 ) , the currently accepted vertical control datum for United States , Canada and Mexico . Elevations are from the National Geodetic Survey when available . Others are from the United States Geological Survey topographic maps when available . Elevations followed by a plus sign ( + ) were interpolated using topographic map contour lines . The true elevation is between that shown and the elevation plus forty feet since the relevant topographic maps all use 40-foot contours . Boundary Peak is the highest peak in terms of elevation , however , it has only 253 feet of clean prominence and so is usually considered a subsidiary peak of Montgomery Peak in California . Wheeler Peak , the next highest , has a clean prominence of 7,563 feet .', 'uid': 'List_of_highest_points_in_Nevada_by_county_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of highest points in the U.S. state of Nevada, in alphabetical order by county. All elevations use the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), the currently accepted vertical control datum for United States, Canada and Mexico. Elevations are from the National Geodetic Survey when available. Others are from the United States Geological Survey topographic maps when available. Elevations followed by a plus sign (+) were interpolated using topographic map contour lines. The true elevation is between that shown and the elevation plus forty feet since the relevant topographic maps all use 40-foot contours. Boundary Peak is the highest peak in terms of elevation, however, it has only 253 feet of clean prominence and so is usually considered a subsidiary peak of Montgomery Peak in California. Wheeler Peak, the next highest, has a clean prominence of 7,563 feet.'}
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What organization administers the peak in Nevada 9,977 feet high ?
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Bureau of Land Management
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029e4a572203fcc0
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_the_law', 'title': 'List of University of Oxford people in the law', 'header': ['Name', 'College', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Philip Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philip_Bell', 'summary': 'Philip Ingress Bell , TD , QC ( 10 January 1900 - 12 September 1986 ) was a British barrister and judge , who also had a political career .'}]}, {'value': "The Queen 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Queen's_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "The Queen 's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford , England . The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield ( d'Eglesfield ) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault ( wife of King Edward III of England ) . It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture , which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor . In 2018 , the college had an endowment of £291 million , making it the fourth-wealthiest college ( after St. John 's , Christ Church and All Souls ) ."}]}, {'value': 'MP 1951-60 , County Court Judge 1960-75 , Circuit Judge 1971-75', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malcolm Bishop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malcolm_Bishop', 'summary': "Malcolm Leslie Bishop , QC , is a Welsh lawyer and translator . Bishop was educated at Ruabon Grammar School and Regent 's Park College , Oxford , of which he is now Honorary Standing Counsel . He was called to the Bar in 1968 and is now a Queen 's Counsel . He serves as a Deputy High Court Judge , Recorder of the Crown Court , Chairman of the Isle of Man Legal Services Commission , Bencher of the Inner Temple , and a member of the Family Law Bar Association Committee and he was formerly a member of the Bar Council . He has also been a Prospective parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party , standing for Bath in February 1974 and October 1974 . As an advocate he has taken part in several notable criminal trials , including R v Carty , a gang-related shooting in Birmingham , R v Sivakumar , which was the longest murder trial ever heard at the Old Bailey , and R v Moinul Abedin , in which the defendant was convicted of plotting explosions . Bishop is a Welsh-speaker and it was claimed that Rhodri Morgan , First Minister for Wales , had chosen him as his preferred candidate for the post of Counsel General to the National Assembly for Wales ( now called Counsel General for Wales ) in succession to Winston Roddick , QC , in 2004 . Rhodri Morgan said that he did not know Bishop , had never met him , and had never even spoken to him . In his application for the job Bishop had submitted a reference from Derry Irvine , Baron Irvine of Lairg , who had recently stepped down as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain . Bishop has worked on translating several gospels from Greek , including St. John 's Gospel , the Book of Revelation , and the Gospel of Mark ."}]}, {'value': "Regent 's Park", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Regent's_Park_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "Regent 's Park College ( known colloquially within the university as Regent 's ) is a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford , situated in central Oxford , just off St Giles ' . Founded in 1810 , the college moved to its present site in 1927 , and became a licensed hall of the university in 1957 . The college now admits both undergraduate and graduate students to take Oxford degrees in a variety of arts , humanities and social science subjects . It is one of the few academic institutions within the University of Oxford to have accepted women as well as men since before the mid-twentieth century , with women attending the college since the 1920s . The college also trains men and women for ordained ministry among Baptist churches in Great Britain and overseas ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy High Court Judge , Chair Isle of Man Legal Services Commission', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Blair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_J._L._Blair', 'summary': "Sir William James Lynton Blair ( born 31 March 1950 ) is a retired British judge . He was previously a Queen 's Counsel , specialising in domestic and international banking and finance law . He is the elder brother of former British prime minister Tony Blair ."}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ."}]}, {'value': 'Dep High Court Judge 2003- , Chairman of Finsmat 2001- , of Combar 2003-05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julius Caesar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)', 'summary': 'Sir Julius Caesar ( 1557/1558 - 18 April 1636 ) was an English lawyer , judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1589 and 1622 . He was also known as Julius Adelmare .'}]}, {'value': 'Magdalen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Magdalen College ( /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ MAWD-lin ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford . It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete . Today , it is one of the wealthiest colleges , with a financial endowment of £273.2 million as of 2018 , and one of the strongest academically , setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then . It is home to several of the University 's distinguished chairs , including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship , the Sherardian Professorship , and the four Waynflete Professorships . The large , square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark , and it is a tradition , dating to the days of Henry VII , that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning . The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the Oxford botanic garden , and within its grounds has a deer park and Addison 's Walk ."}]}, {'value': 'Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606-14 , Master of the Rolls 1614-36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Cameron , Lord Abernethy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cameron,_Lord_Abernethy', 'summary': "John Alastair Cameron , Lord Abernethy is a Scottish lawyer , and a former Senator of the College of Justice , a judge of the country 's Supreme Courts , serving from 1992 to 2007 , when he retired . He was a member of the English Bar before moving to the Scottish Faculty of Advocates , where he served as vice-dean from 1983 to 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pembroke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located in Pembroke Square . The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England , using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale , and was named after William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke , Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , having previously accepted men only . As of 2018 , Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.5 million . Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university . Dame Lynne Brindley , former head of the British Library , has been Master of the College since 2013 . She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year . In July 2020 , Sir Ernest Ryder , a former Lord Justice of Appeal , will take on the role ."}]}, {'value': 'Senator of the College of Justice 1992-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Taylor Cameron , Lord Coulsfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Taylor_Cameron,_Lord_Coulsfield', 'summary': 'John Taylor Cameron , Lord Coulsfield , PC ( 24 April 1934 - 28 February 2016 ) was a Scottish judge who served as a Senator of the College of Justice from 1987 to 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'Corpus Christi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Corpus Christi College ( formally , Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford , informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC ) , is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom . Founded in 1517 , it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford . The college , situated on Merton Street between Merton College and Christ Church , is one of the smallest in Oxford by student population , having around 250 undergraduates and 90 graduates . It is academic by Oxford standards , averaging in the top half of the university 's informal ranking system , the Norrington Table , in recent years , and coming second in 2009-10 . The college 's role in the translation of the King James Bible is historically significant . The college is also noted for the pillar sundial in the main quadrangle , known as the Pelican Sundial , which was erected in 1581 . Corpus achieved notability in more recent years by winning University Challenge on 9 May 2005 and once again on 23 February 2009 , although the latter win was later disqualified . The Visitor of the college is ex officio the Bishop of Winchester , currently Tim Dakin ."}]}, {'value': 'Senator of the College of Justice 1987-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenneth Cameron , Baron Cameron of Lochbroom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_Cameron,_Baron_Cameron_of_Lochbroom', 'summary': 'Kenneth John Cameron , Baron Cameron of Lochbroom , PC , FRSE ( born 11 June 1931 ) is a retired Scottish judge who served as Lord Advocate from 1984 to 1989 .'}]}, {'value': 'Corpus Christi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Advocate 1984-89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Carman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Carman', 'summary': "George Alfred Carman , QC ( 6 October 1929 - 2 January 2001 ) was a leading English barrister during the 1980s and 1990s . In 1979 , he successfully defended the former Liberal leader Jeremy Thorpe after he was charged with conspiracy to murder . Carman had been appointed as a Queen 's Counsel ( QC ) eight years previously . He later appeared in a series of widely publicised criminal cases and libel cases ."}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'barrister 1953 , QC 1971 , sometime head of chambers New Court', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph William Chitty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_William_Chitty', 'summary': 'Sir Joseph William Chitty ( 28 May 1828 - 15 February 1899 ) was an English cricketer , rower , judge and Liberal politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Balliol and Exeter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford', 'summary': 'Exeter College ( in full : The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University . The college is located on Turl Street , where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon , Bishop of Exeter , as a school to educate clergymen . At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry , though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni , including William Morris , J. R. R. Tolkien , Richard Burton , Roger Bannister , Alan Bennett , and Philip Pullman .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Justice of Appeal 1897-99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Coulson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Coulson_(barrister)', 'summary': '( James ) Michael Coulson ( 23 November 1927 - 18 June 2002 ) was a British barrister and judge , who also had a five-year parliamentary career . He was also an enthusiastic horse rider , huntsman and farmer , and was known at the Bar for his outstanding memory .'}]}, {'value': 'Merton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Merton College ( in full : The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton , chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I , first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it . An important feature of Walter 's foundation was that this college was to be self-governing and the endowments were directly vested in the Warden and Fellows . By 1274 , when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes , the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford , and a rapid programme of building commenced . The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century . Mob Quad , one of Merton 's quadrangles , was constructed between 1288 and 1378 , and is claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford , while Merton College Library , located in Mob Quad and dating from 1373 , is the oldest continuously functioning library for university academics and students in the world . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Merton admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , after over seven centuries as an institution for men only . Notable alumni and academics past and present include four Nobel laureates and writer J. R. R. Tolkien who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959 . Merton is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford and held funds totalling £272 million as of July 2017 . Merton has a strong reputation for academic success , having regularly ranked first in the Norrington Table in recent years ."}]}, {'value': 'MP 1959-64 , Circuit Judge 1983-98', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Coventry , 1st Baron Coventry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Coventry,_1st_Baron_Coventry', 'summary': 'Thomas Coventry , 1st Baron Coventry ( 1578 - 14 January 1640 ) was a prominent English lawyer , politician and judge during the early 17th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1625-40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles Isaac Elton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Isaac_Elton', 'summary': "Charles Isaac Elton , QC ( 6 December 1839 - 23 April 1900 ) was an English lawyer , antiquary , and politician . He is most famous for being the author of the bestselling book The Great Book-Collectors . He was born in Southampton . Educated at Cheltenham and Balliol College , Oxford , he was elected a fellow of Queen 's College in 1862 . He was called to the bar at Lincoln 's Inn in 1865 . His remarkable knowledge of old real property law and custom helped him to an extensive conveyancing practice and he took silk in 1885 . He sat in the House of Commons for West Somerset in 1884-1885 and for Wellington , Somerset , from 1886 to 1892 . In 1869 he succeeded to his uncle 's property of Whitestaunton Manor , near Chard , Somerset . During the later years of his life he retired to a great extent from legal practice , and devoted much of his time to literary work . He died at Whitestaunton . Elton 's principal works were"}]}, {'value': "Balliol and The Queen 's", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ."}, {'url': "/wiki/The_Queen's_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "The Queen 's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford , England . The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield ( d'Eglesfield ) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault ( wife of King Edward III of England ) . It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture , which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor . In 2018 , the college had an endowment of £291 million , making it the fourth-wealthiest college ( after St. John 's , Christ Church and All Souls ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Barrister 1865 , QC 1885 , MP 1884-85 & 1886-92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Norris Foster , CBE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris_Foster', 'summary': "Sir Norris Tildasley Foster CBE ( 15 December 1855 - 5 December 1925 ) was an English barrister . Foster was born in Bromsgrove , Worcestershire . He was educated at King Edward 's School , Birmingham and the University of Oxford and called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1891 . He practised in Birmingham . During the First World War he was a member of the Warwickshire County Appeal Tribunal under the Military Service Act 1916 , the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee , the Birmingham Local War Pensions Committee , and the General Purposes , Finance and Administration Committee of the War Pensions and Citizens Committee . He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1920 civilian war honours for his services to the Prince of Wales 's Fund and his wartime committee work ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barrister , Warwickshire County Appeal Tribunal , Parliamentary Recruiting Committee , Birmingham Local War Pensions Committee , and the central Committee of the War Pensions and Citizens Committee d. 1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Michael Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Fox_(judge)', 'summary': 'Sir Michael John Fox ( 8 October 1921 - 9 April 2007 ) was a British barrister and judge . He was a High Court judge from 1975 to 1981 and a Lord Justice of Appeal from 1981 until 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Magdalen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Justice of Appeal 1981-1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arthur Hamilton , Lord Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton,_Lord_Hamilton', 'summary': 'Arthur Campbell Hamilton , Lord Hamilton , PC ( born Glasgow , 10 June 1942 ) , is a Scottish judge and served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session from November 2005 until 8 June 2012 , succeeding Lord Cullen .'}]}, {'value': 'Worcester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Worcester College /ˈwʊstər/ is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , 2nd Baronet ( 1648-1701 ) of Norgrove , Worcestershire , whose coat of arms was adopted by the College . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . Founded as a men 's college , Worcester has been coeducational since 1979 . As of 2018 [ update ] , Worcester College had a financial endowment of £41.9 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , Fields Medalist Simon Donaldson , and novelist Richard Adams ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session 2005-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giles Henderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giles_Henderson', 'summary': 'Giles Ian Henderson , CBE ( born 20 April 1942 ) is a solicitor who was Master of Pembroke College , Oxford .'}]}, {'value': 'Magdalen and Pembroke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Magdalen College ( /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ MAWD-lin ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford . It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete . Today , it is one of the wealthiest colleges , with a financial endowment of £273.2 million as of 2018 , and one of the strongest academically , setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then . It is home to several of the University 's distinguished chairs , including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship , the Sherardian Professorship , and the four Waynflete Professorships . The large , square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark , and it is a tradition , dating to the days of Henry VII , that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning . The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the Oxford botanic garden , and within its grounds has a deer park and Addison 's Walk ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located in Pembroke Square . The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England , using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale , and was named after William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke , Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , having previously accepted men only . As of 2018 , Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.5 million . Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university . Dame Lynne Brindley , former head of the British Library , has been Master of the College since 2013 . She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year . In July 2020 , Sir Ernest Ryder , a former Lord Justice of Appeal , will take on the role ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior Partner Slaughter and May 1993-2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leoline Jenkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leoline_Jenkins', 'summary': 'Sir Leoline Jenkins ( 1625 - 1 September 1685 ) was a Welsh academic , diplomat involved in the negotiation of international treaties ( e.g . Nimègue ) . jurist and politician . He was a clerical lawyer who served as Judge of the High Court of Admiralty from 1668 to 1685 . As a statesman he served as Secretary of State from 1680 to 1684 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jesus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Jesus College ( in full : Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth 's Foundation ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . It is in the centre of the city , on a site between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street and Market Street . The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy , though students now study a broad range of secular subjects . A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price ( or Ap Rhys ) , a churchman from Brecon in Wales . The oldest buildings , in the first quadrangle , date from the 16th and early 17th centuries ; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713 , and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906 . Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college , in 1971 , and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford . The life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War . Leoline Jenkins , who became principal after the war in 1661 , put the college on a more stable financial footing . Little happened at the college during the 18th century , and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards . Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college 's fellowships and scholarships , such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics . Students ' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects . Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population ."}]}, {'value': 'Royalist , Principal Jesus College , Oxford 1661-73 , Secretary of State 1680-84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Laws', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Laws_(judge)', 'summary': 'Sir John Grant McKenzie Laws PC ( born 10 May 1945 ) is a former Lord Justice of Appeal . He served from 1999 to 2016 . He is the current Goodhart Visiting Professor of Legal Science at the University of Cambridge , and an Honorary Fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge .'}]}, {'value': 'Exeter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford', 'summary': 'Exeter College ( in full : The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University . The college is located on Turl Street , where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon , Bishop of Exeter , as a school to educate clergymen . At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry , though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni , including William Morris , J. R. R. Tolkien , Richard Burton , Roger Bannister , Alan Bennett , and Philip Pullman .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Justice of Appeal 1999-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Brian Leveson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Leveson', 'summary': "Sir Brian Henry Leveson PC ( /ˈlɛvɪsən/ ; born 22 June 1949 ) is a retired English judge who served as the President of the Queen 's Bench Division and Head of Criminal Justice . Leveson chaired the public inquiry into the culture , practices and ethics of the British press , prompted by the News of the World phone hacking affair ."}]}, {'value': 'Merton', 'urls': []}, {'value': "current President of the Queen 's Bench Division", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/President_of_the_Queen's_Bench_Division", 'summary': "The President of the Queen 's Bench Division is the head of the Queen 's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice . The current president is Dame Victoria Sharp Until 2005 , the Lord Chief Justice was also the President of the Queen 's Bench , but the role was separated under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 , and Sir Igor Judge became the first president ."}]}, {'value': 'Roger Ludlow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut', 'summary': 'The Fundamental Orders were adopted by the Connecticut Colony council on January 14 , 1639 O.S . ( January 24 , 1639 N.S. ) . The fundamental orders describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns , setting its structure and powers . They wanted the government to have access to the open ocean for trading . The Orders have the features of a written constitution and are considered by one author to be the first written Constitution in the Western tradition . Thus , Connecticut earned its nickname of The Constitution State .'}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'author of Fundamental Orders of Connecticut', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other judges and lawyers : United Kingdom', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_the_law_4', 'intro': 'This is a list of University of Oxford people in the Law. Many were students at one (or more) of the colleges of the University, and others held fellowships at a college. This list forms part of a series of lists of people associated with the University of Oxford - for other lists, please see the main article List of University of Oxford people.'}
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What is the college of the person who died on 12 September 1986 ?
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The Queen 's
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029e811816230e69
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Crozier_Saving_Grace_Award', 'title': 'Roger Crozier Saving Grace Award', 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'Team', 'Save%', 'Win #'], 'data': [{'value': '2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007–08_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 NHL season was the 91st season of operation ( 90th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It began on September 29 , 2007 , and the regular season ended April 6 , 2008 . The Stanley Cup playoffs ended on June 4 , with the Detroit Red Wings taking the championship . The 56th NHL All-Star Game was held in Atlanta , Georgia , as the Atlanta Thrashers hosted the event at Philips Arena on January 27 , 2008 . The hosting by Atlanta was rescheduled from 2005 , when a lockout cancelled the entire 2004-05 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Dan Ellis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Ellis', 'summary': 'Daniel Ellis ( born June 19 , 1980 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently a goaltending scout for the Chicago Blackhawks . He played in the National Hockey League for the Dallas Stars , Nashville Predators , Tampa Bay Lightning , Anaheim Ducks , Carolina Hurricanes , and the Florida Panthers . He served as an assistant coach with the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League in 2016-17 before assuming his current role .'}]}, {'value': 'Nashville Predators', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nashville_Predators', 'summary': "The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville , Tennessee . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Predators have played their home games at Bridgestone Arena since 1998 . Their television broadcasting rights are held by Fox Sports Tennessee , and radio broadcasting rights are held by WPRT-FM . The club was founded in 1998 when the NHL granted an expansion franchise to Craig Leipold . After five seasons , the Predators qualified for their first Stanley Cup playoffs during the 2003-04 season . In 2008 , ownership of the club was transferred from Leipold to a locally based ownership group . The Predators advanced to their first Stanley Cup Finals in 2017 , but were defeated by the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games . In the following season , the Predators won their first Presidents ' Trophy and Central Division title . The Predators are presently affiliated with the minor league teams Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League and Florida Everblades of the ECHL ."}]}, {'value': '.924', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-09', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008–09_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2008-09 NHL season was the 92nd season of operation ( 91st season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It was the first season since prior to the 2004-05 lockout in which every team played each other at least once during the season , following three seasons where teams only played against two divisions in the other conference ( one division at home and one on the road ) . It began on October 4 , with the regular season ending on April 12 . The Stanley Cup playoffs ended on June 12 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins taking the championship . The Montreal Canadiens hosted the 57th NHL All-Star Game at the Bell Centre on January 25 , 2009 , as part of the Canadiens ' 100th season celebration ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Thomas_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Timothy Thomas Jr. ( born April 15 , 1974 ) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who mainly played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , most notably with the Boston Bruins . He was born in Flint , Michigan and is a graduate of Davison High School . Thomas played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years , from 1993-1997 , during which he was drafted 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft . He played for several years in the minor leagues and Europe , before making it to the NHL at age 28 , with the Boston Bruins . He finally emerged as the Bruins ' starting goaltender at age 32 . Thomas is a two-time winner of the Vezina Trophy ( 2009 and 2011 ) as the NHL 's best goaltender , and was a member of Team USA in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Thomas won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player in the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs . He was the oldest player in NHL history to win the award at age 37 . Thomas is one of four American-born players to win the Conn Smythe Trophy , along with Brian Leetch , Jonathan Quick , and Patrick Kane ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '.933', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009–10_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 2009-10 NHL season was the 93rd season of operation ( 92nd season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It ran from October 1 , 2009 , including four games in Europe on October 2 and 3 - until April 11 , 2010 , with the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs running to June 9 , 2010 . A mid-season break from February 15 to February 28 occurred to allow participation of NHL players in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Because of the Winter Olympics break , there was no NHL All-Star Game for 2010 . The Stanley Cup Final saw the Chicago Blackhawks defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in six games .'}]}, {'value': 'Tuukka Rask', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuukka_Rask', 'summary': 'Tuukka Mikael Rask ( born 10 March 1987 ) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Rask was drafted 21st overall in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs . In 2011 , Rask won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins . He is the older brother of Joonas Rask , who plays professionally as a forward with HIFK in the Finnish Liiga .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '.931', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010-11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2010-11 NHL season was the 94th season of operation ( 93rd season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the Stanley Cup Final 4-3 to win the Stanley Cup . It was the sixth Cup win in Bruins ' franchise history . For the fourth consecutive season , the season started with games in Europe . The 58th All-Star Game was held at the RBC Center in Raleigh , North Carolina , home arena of the Carolina Hurricanes , on January 30 , 2011 . This was the final season of operation for the Atlanta Thrashers , who were sold to True North Sports and Entertainment out of Winnipeg , Manitoba , and moved from Atlanta to Winnipeg to become the new Winnipeg Jets . Winnipeg had lost its previous NHL team , also called the Winnipeg Jets , after the 1995-96 NHL season to Phoenix , Arizona , and were renamed Phoenix Coyotes . This was the second time the city of Atlanta lost an NHL franchise , having previously lost the Atlanta Flames to Calgary , Alberta after the 1979-80 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Thomas_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Timothy Thomas Jr. ( born April 15 , 1974 ) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who mainly played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , most notably with the Boston Bruins . He was born in Flint , Michigan and is a graduate of Davison High School . Thomas played college hockey for the University of Vermont for four years , from 1993-1997 , during which he was drafted 217th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft . He played for several years in the minor leagues and Europe , before making it to the NHL at age 28 , with the Boston Bruins . He finally emerged as the Bruins ' starting goaltender at age 32 . Thomas is a two-time winner of the Vezina Trophy ( 2009 and 2011 ) as the NHL 's best goaltender , and was a member of Team USA in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Thomas won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player in the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs . He was the oldest player in NHL history to win the award at age 37 . Thomas is one of four American-born players to win the Conn Smythe Trophy , along with Brian Leetch , Jonathan Quick , and Patrick Kane ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '.938', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011–12_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2011-12 NHL season was the 95th season of operation ( 94th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Los Angeles Kings defeated the New Jersey Devils in the Stanley Cup Final four games to two to win the team 's first Stanley Cup in their second Stanley Cup final appearance ; they had lost to Montreal Canadiens in the 1993 Finals . During the off-season , the Atlanta Thrashers relocated to Winnipeg , Manitoba , to become the new Winnipeg Jets . It was the first NHL team relocation since the 1997-98 season , when the Hartford Whalers relocated to become the Carolina Hurricanes . The league did not change its divisional structure to accommodate the move , and the Jets took the place of the Thrashers in the Southeast Division . In December 2011 , the board of governors eventually approved a proposed realignment for the following season , which would result in four conferences with the first two rounds of the playoffs being divisional , but this was rejected by the NHL Players ' Association ( NHLPA ) . It was the fifth consecutive season with games in Europe at the start of the season . The Winter Classic was held on January 2 , 2012 , in Philadelphia between the Philadelphia Flyers and the New York Rangers . The 59th All-Star Game was held at Scotiabank Place in Ottawa , Ontario , the home arena of the Ottawa Senators , on January 29 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Elliott', 'summary': 'Brian Elliott ( born April 9 , 1985 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the ninth round , 291st overall , of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft . A two-time NHL All-Star in 2012 and 2015 , Elliott has also played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche , St. Louis Blues and Calgary Flames .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '.940', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012-13 *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2012-13 NHL season was the 96th season of operation ( 95th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The regular season began on January 19 , 2013 and ended on April 28 , 2013 , with the playoffs to follow until June . The season start was delayed from its original October 11 , 2012 date due to a lockout imposed by the NHL franchise owners after the expiration of the league 's collective bargaining agreement ( CBA ) . After a new labor agreement was reached between the owners and the National Hockey League Players ' Association ( NHLPA ) , training camps opened on January 13 , 2013 and a 48-game season ( reduced from 82 games ) started on January 19 . Similar to the 1994-95 season , the shortened regular season was limited to intra-conference competition . The season calendar opened with the 2012 NHL Entry Draft on June 22-23 , 2012 , held at the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh ."}]}, {'value': 'Craig Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Anderson_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Craig Peter Anderson ( born May 21 , 1981 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He has previously played for the Colorado Avalanche , Florida Panthers and Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL . He has also represented the United States internationally . Anderson is the recipient of the 2016-17 Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy , awarded to the player regarded as having the most perseverance and dedication to hockey throughout the season .'}]}, {'value': 'Ottawa Senators', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': '.941', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-14', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013–14_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2013-14 NHL season was the 97th season of operation ( 96th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . This season features a realignment of the league 's 30 teams from a six to a four division format . The regular season began Tuesday , October 1 , and concluded Sunday , April 13 . The Stanley Cup playoffs began April 16 . The Los Angeles Kings won their second Stanley Cup championship in franchise history ( second in three seasons ) , defeating the New York Rangers four games to one in the Finals ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Harding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Harding', 'summary': 'Joshua Joel Harding ( born June 18 , 1984 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Minnesota Wild .'}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Wild', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Wild', 'summary': 'The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul , Minnesota . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Wild were founded on June 25 , 1997 , but did not start play until the 2000-01 season . The Wild were the first NHL franchise in Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas in 1993 . They lost their first game , 3-1 , to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and recorded their first win against the Tampa Bay Lightning five games later . The Wild play at the Xcel Energy Center . In the 2002-03 season , the team made its first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance , making a surprising run to the Western Conference Finals . Since then , the Wild have struggled in the postseason , having only advanced to the second round twice since 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '.933', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014-15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014–15_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2014-15 NHL season was the 98th season of operation ( 97th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Los Angeles Kings became the first team to miss the playoffs after winning the Stanley Cup the previous season since the Carolina Hurricanes in 2006-07 . The Boston Bruins also became the third defending Presidents ' Trophy winner to miss the playoffs ( and the first since the Buffalo Sabres missed the playoffs in 2007-08 after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in 2007 ) . The Winnipeg Jets clinched a playoff berth for the first time since the team 's relocation from Atlanta in 2011 . The San Jose Sharks ' playoff streak ended at ten years . The Ottawa Senators also became the first team in NHL history to make the postseason after trailing for the final playoff spot by 14 points ."}]}, {'value': 'Carey Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carey_Price', 'summary': "Carey Price ( born August 16 , 1987 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He is considered to be one of the best goaltenders in the world by many colleagues , fans , The Hockey News , and EA Sports ; and one of the greatest goalies in the history of the Montreal Canadiens by several members of the news media . Beginning his junior career with the Tri-City Americans in the Western Hockey League in 2002 , Price was drafted fifth overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft following his second season with the Tri-City Americans . Following a further two seasons with the Americans , where he won both the Del Wilson Trophy as the top goaltender in the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) and CHL Goaltender of the Year in his final season of major junior in 2007 . Joining the Canadiens ' farm team , the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) just as the Calder Cup playoffs begun , Price led the Bulldogs to the Calder Cup championship , winning the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as the tournament MVP . Price made the Canadiens roster for the 2007-08 season as the backup goaltender before ultimately becoming the starting goaltender later that season . In 2015 , he was the winner of the Ted Lindsay , Jennings , Vezina and Hart trophies , becoming the first goaltender in NHL history to win all four individual awards in the same season . Internationally , Price has represented Canada at various tournaments at junior levels , winning silver medals at the World U-17 Hockey Challenge in 2004 and the IIHF World U18 Championship in 2005 . He won a gold medal at the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Sweden . In 2014 , Price was named to the Canadian Olympic Hockey Team and won a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Sochi . Price 's play also earned him the tournament 's top goaltending award , from the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) directorate . In 2016 Price went undefeated to win his first World Cup of Hockey championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal Canadiens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens', 'summary': "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ."}]}, {'value': '.933', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015-16', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015–16_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 2015-16 NHL season was the 99th season of operation ( 98th season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Thirty teams competed in 82-game regular season schedules from October 7 , 2015 to April 10 , 2016 . The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs following the regular season began on April 13 and ended June 12 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning their fourth Stanley Cup . None of the seven Canadian-based teams qualified for the playoffs ; this was the second season in league history that the playoff field consisted of only United States-based teams . The only other time in league history that no Canadian teams qualified for the postseason was in 1970 .'}]}, {'value': 'Brian Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Elliott', 'summary': 'Brian Elliott ( born April 9 , 1985 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the ninth round , 291st overall , of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft . A two-time NHL All-Star in 2012 and 2015 , Elliott has also played in the NHL for the Colorado Avalanche , St. Louis Blues and Calgary Flames .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '.930', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016-17', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016–17_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2016-17 NHL season was the 100th season of operation ( 99th season of play ) of the National Hockey League . Thirty teams were competing in an 82-game regular season from October 12 , 2016 , to April 9 , 2017 . The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 12 and concluded on June 11 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup over the Nashville Predators in six games . On June 11 , the Pittsburgh Penguins became the first team to repeat as Stanley Cup champions since the Detroit Red Wings in 1997-98 , winning the franchise 's fifth Stanley Cup and their third in nine seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Sergei Bobrovsky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Bobrovsky', 'summary': "Sergei Andreyevich Bob Bobrovsky ( Russian : Серге́й Андреевич Боб Бобровский ; born 20 September 1988 ) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He has also played in the NHL for the Philadelphia Flyers and Columbus Blue Jackets , with whom he became recognized as one of the NHL 's top goaltenders . Bobrovsky won the Vezina Trophy as the NHL 's top regular season goaltender for the 2012-13 season after posting a 21-11-6 record and a .932 save percentage and again for the 2016-17 season , where he posted a 41-17-5 record and a .931 save percentage ."}]}, {'value': 'Columbus Blue Jackets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets', 'summary': "The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus , Ohio . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Blue Jackets began play as an expansion team in 2000 . In their initial years , the Blue Jackets struggled , failing to win 30 games in a season until the 2005-06 season . The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009 , but were swept . Columbus ultimately notched their first playoff game victory in the 2014 playoffs and five years later won their first playoff series in the 2019 playoffs against the Tampa Bay Lightning , becoming the first team in NHL history to sweep a Presidents ' Trophy winner in the first round . However , they are still the only team in the league which has never appeared in the conference finals . The Blue Jackets ' name and logos are inspired by Ohio 's Civil War history . The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus , which opened in 2000 . They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL ."}]}, {'value': '.932', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-18', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017–18_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 2017-18 NHL season was the 101st season of operation ( 100th season of play ) of the National Hockey League . With the addition of a new expansion team , the Vegas Golden Knights , 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season . The regular season began on October 4 , 2017 , and ended on April 8 , 2018 . The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 11 , 2018 , and concluded on June 7 , with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Vegas Golden Knights in five games .'}]}, {'value': 'Carter Hutton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carter_Hutton', 'summary': 'Carter John Hutton ( born December 19 , 1985 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He has also spent time in the Chicago Blackhawks organization and played with the Nashville Predators and St. Louis Blues , before signing with Buffalo as a free agent in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '.931', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-19', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018–19_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 2018-19 NHL season was the 102nd season of operation ( 101st season of play ) of the National Hockey League . 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season . The regular season began on October 3 , 2018 , and ended on April 6 , 2019 . The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 10 , 2019 , and the Stanley Cup Finals concluded on June 12 , 2019 , with the St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Boston Bruins in seven games .'}]}, {'value': 'Ben Bishop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Bishop', 'summary': 'Benjamin Manning Bishop III ( born November 21 , 1986 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Bishop has previously played in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues , Ottawa Senators , Tampa Bay Lightning , and the Los Angeles Kings . He played college hockey at Maine . Nicknamed Big Ben , Bishop is 6 ft 7 in ( 2.01 m ) tall , and shares the title of tallest goaltender to ever play in the NHL with Mikko Koskinen .'}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Stars', 'summary': "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '.934', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Winners -- Save-percentage leaders ( 2007–present )', 'section_text': '* Season shortened by the 2012–13 NHL lockout', 'uid': 'Roger_Crozier_Saving_Grace_Award_2', 'intro': "The Roger Crozier Saving Grace Award, officially billed as the MBNA/MasterCard Roger Crozier Saving Grace Award, was an award in ice hockey given annually to the goaltender who finished the regular season with the best save percentage in the National Hockey League (NHL). Only goaltenders who played 25 games or more in the season were eligible for the award. A goaltender's save percentage represents the percentage of shots on goal that he stops, and is calculated by dividing the number of saves by the total number of shots on goal. The award was first presented at the conclusion of the 1999-2000 season, and was named in honor of former Detroit Red Wings, Buffalo Sabres and Washington Capitals goaltender Roger Crozier, a Calder and Conn Smythe Trophy winner who played in the NHL from 1964 to 1977. It was presented by the MBNA corporation in memory of Crozier, who worked for the MBNA America Bank after retiring as a player, and died on January 11, 1996. The winner of the trophy received a commemorative crystal trophy and was given US$25,000 to donate to a youth hockey or other educational program of their choice. By 2007, when it ceased being presented, the award had been handed to six different players on seven occasions. Marty Turco is the only goaltender to have won the award twice. Three Dallas Stars goalies have won the award, while two each have represented the Montreal Canadiens and the Minnesota Wild. Only seven awards were ever made. The award was not presented in 2005, as the entire 2004-05 season was canceled due to the lockout."}
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The player with the lowest save percentage was an assistant coach for which United States Hockey League team ?
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Omaha Lancers
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029f31f2d91b1c3c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Community_Shield', 'title': 'Singapore Community Shield', 'header': ['Year', 'Champions', 'Runners-up', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Singapore Armed Forces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warriors_FC', 'summary': 'Warriors Football Club is a Singaporean professional football club that plays in the top-tier Singapore Premier League . Before they officially changed their name on 20 January 2013 , they were previously known as the Singapore Armed Forces Football Club ( SAFFC ) since their establishment on 16 February 1996 . Despite their name back then , membership of the Armed Forces was not a prerequisite for players representing the team , and several international players have played for them . Using a rhino as club mascot was their second suggestion after the S.League rejected their initial proposal of having a warrior as being out of line with the policy of clubs having animal mascots . Warriors F.C . is currently the most successful club in the history of the S.League , having won the title a record nine times : in 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2002 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2014 and finishing second in 4 seasons : 1996 , 1999 , 2001 , 2005 in the 22 years since the inception of the S.League . The Warriors was based in Jurong Stadium till 2000 before moving to their home ground Choa Chu Kang Stadium in 2001 . In light of the preparation of the 2015 SEA Games , the Warriors had to vacate Choa Chu Kang Stadium and will instead play their home matches at the Woodlands Stadium for the 2015 season instead . Warriors will move to their Jurong East Stadium in 2019 season and shared with Albirex Niigata Singapore FC . The Warriors have signed a five-year agreement with Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund ( BVB ) , as reported in a Fox Sports Asia article .'}]}, {'value': 'Home United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_United', 'summary': 'Lion City Sailors Football Club , formerly Home United Football Club , is a professional football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '1-1 ( aet ) ( 5-4 pen . )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Overtime_(sports)', 'summary': 'Overtime or extra time is an additional period of play specified under the rules of a sport to bring a game to a decision and avoid declaring the match a tie or draw where the scores are the same . In some sports , this extra period is played only if the game is required to have a clear winner , as in single-elimination tournaments where only one team or players can advance to the next round or win the tournament . In other sports , particularly those prominently played in North America where ties are generally disfavored , some form of overtime is employed for all games . The rules of overtime or extra time vary between sports and even different competitions . Some may employ sudden death , where the first player or team who scores immediately wins the game . In others , play continues until a specified time has elapsed , and only then is the winner declared . If the contest remains tied after the extra session , depending on the rules , the match may immediately end as a draw , additional periods may be played , or a different tiebreaking procedure such as a penalty shootout may be used instead . The terms overtime and in overtime ( abbreviated OT or IOT ) are primarily used in North America , whereas the terms extra time and after extra time ( abbreviated a.e.t . ) are usually used in other continents . However , in basketball , the terms overtime and in overtime are used worldwide .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S.League Foreign Players', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S.League', 'summary': "The Singapore Premier League ( SPL ) is the Singaporean professional league for men 's association football clubs . It was previously known as the S.League . At the highest level of domestic football competition in Singapore , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by nine clubs , it consists of three rounds in which each team plays every other team once . Clubs from Brunei , China , France , Japan and Korea have been invited to take part in the league to raise its level of competitiveness and profile . The Singapore Premier League is run by the Football Association of Singapore . Seasons run from late March to October , with teams playing 24 matches each , totalling 108 matches in the season . It is currently sponsored by AIA Group , and thus officially known as the AIA Singapore Premier League for sponsorship reasons . Since the inception of the league in 1996 , 7 clubs have been crowned champions . Warriors FC have been the most successful club with 9 titles , followed by Tampines Rovers ( 5 ) , Albirex Niigata Singapore FC ( 3 ) , Geylang International ( 2 ) , Home United ( 2 ) , DPMM FC ( 2 ) and Étoile FC ( 1 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'S.League Local Players', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S.League', 'summary': "The Singapore Premier League ( SPL ) is the Singaporean professional league for men 's association football clubs . It was previously known as the S.League . At the highest level of domestic football competition in Singapore , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by nine clubs , it consists of three rounds in which each team plays every other team once . Clubs from Brunei , China , France , Japan and Korea have been invited to take part in the league to raise its level of competitiveness and profile . The Singapore Premier League is run by the Football Association of Singapore . Seasons run from late March to October , with teams playing 24 matches each , totalling 108 matches in the season . It is currently sponsored by AIA Group , and thus officially known as the AIA Singapore Premier League for sponsorship reasons . Since the inception of the league in 1996 , 7 clubs have been crowned champions . Warriors FC have been the most successful club with 9 titles , followed by Tampines Rovers ( 5 ) , Albirex Niigata Singapore FC ( 3 ) , Geylang International ( 2 ) , Home United ( 2 ) , DPMM FC ( 2 ) and Étoile FC ( 1 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Singapore Armed Forces , AIK Solna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warriors_FC', 'summary': 'Warriors Football Club is a Singaporean professional football club that plays in the top-tier Singapore Premier League . Before they officially changed their name on 20 January 2013 , they were previously known as the Singapore Armed Forces Football Club ( SAFFC ) since their establishment on 16 February 1996 . Despite their name back then , membership of the Armed Forces was not a prerequisite for players representing the team , and several international players have played for them . Using a rhino as club mascot was their second suggestion after the S.League rejected their initial proposal of having a warrior as being out of line with the policy of clubs having animal mascots . Warriors F.C . is currently the most successful club in the history of the S.League , having won the title a record nine times : in 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2002 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2014 and finishing second in 4 seasons : 1996 , 1999 , 2001 , 2005 in the 22 years since the inception of the S.League . The Warriors was based in Jurong Stadium till 2000 before moving to their home ground Choa Chu Kang Stadium in 2001 . In light of the preparation of the 2015 SEA Games , the Warriors had to vacate Choa Chu Kang Stadium and will instead play their home matches at the Woodlands Stadium for the 2015 season instead . Warriors will move to their Jurong East Stadium in 2019 season and shared with Albirex Niigata Singapore FC . The Warriors have signed a five-year agreement with Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund ( BVB ) , as reported in a Fox Sports Asia article .'}, {'url': '/wiki/AIK_Fotboll', 'summary': "AIK Fotboll ( LSE : 0DI2 ) , more commonly known simply as AIK ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɑ̂ːiːˌkoː ] ) , an abbreviation for Allmänna Idrottsklubben ( meaning the public or general sports club ) , is a Swedish football club competing in Allsvenskan , the top flight of Swedish football . The club was founded 1891 in Stockholm and the football department was formed in 1896 . AIK 's home ground is Friends Arena , located in Solna in Central Stockholm County . League champions 2018 , AIK has 12 championship titles and is third in the all-time Allsvenskan table . The club holds the record for having played the most seasons in the Swedish top flight . In addition , in this century AIK is the club that has finished top three in Allsvenskan the most times ( 11 ) , and finished top three six times in a row ( 2013-2018 ) . AIK is consequently the Swedish club that has qualified for UEFA club competitions the most times this century . Affiliated with the Stockholm Football Association , AIK is the only side from Stockholm to have qualified for the group stage of a UEFA competition ; the club reached the quarter-finals of the 1996-97 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , qualified for the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League group stage , and competed in the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League group stage ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Étoile FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Étoile_FC', 'summary': "Étoile Football Club was a professional football club which was formed to play in Singapore 's S.League in 2010 . Étoile FC is the first team of players all born in Europe to play football in Singapore 's professional league , and the first in Asia . The team is mostly made up of players of French origin ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Home United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_United', 'summary': 'Lion City Sailors Football Club , formerly Home United Football Club , is a professional football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Warriors FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warriors_FC', 'summary': 'Warriors Football Club is a Singaporean professional football club that plays in the top-tier Singapore Premier League . Before they officially changed their name on 20 January 2013 , they were previously known as the Singapore Armed Forces Football Club ( SAFFC ) since their establishment on 16 February 1996 . Despite their name back then , membership of the Armed Forces was not a prerequisite for players representing the team , and several international players have played for them . Using a rhino as club mascot was their second suggestion after the S.League rejected their initial proposal of having a warrior as being out of line with the policy of clubs having animal mascots . Warriors F.C . is currently the most successful club in the history of the S.League , having won the title a record nine times : in 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2002 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2014 and finishing second in 4 seasons : 1996 , 1999 , 2001 , 2005 in the 22 years since the inception of the S.League . The Warriors was based in Jurong Stadium till 2000 before moving to their home ground Choa Chu Kang Stadium in 2001 . In light of the preparation of the 2015 SEA Games , the Warriors had to vacate Choa Chu Kang Stadium and will instead play their home matches at the Woodlands Stadium for the 2015 season instead . Warriors will move to their Jurong East Stadium in 2019 season and shared with Albirex Niigata Singapore FC . The Warriors have signed a five-year agreement with Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund ( BVB ) , as reported in a Fox Sports Asia article .'}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Singapore_Charity_Shield', 'summary': "The 2014 Singapore Charity Shield was the 7th Singapore Charity Shield , 21 February 2014 at Jalan Besar Stadium , between the winners of the previous season 's 2013 S.League and 2013 Singapore Cup competitions . The match was contested by the champions of the 2013 S.League , Tampines Rovers , and the 2013 Singapore Cup winners , Home United . Tampines Rovers won the Shield for a record 4th time in consecutive seasons after a 1-0 win over Home United , with Miljan Mrdaković scoring the only goal ."}]}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Home United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_United', 'summary': 'Lion City Sailors Football Club , formerly Home United Football Club , is a professional football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Singapore_Charity_Shield', 'summary': "The 2015 Singapore Charity Shield ( also known as the Great Eastern SG50 Charity Shield for sponsorship reasons as well as to commemorate Singapore 's 50th year of independence ) was the 8th edition of the Singapore Charity Shield held on 1 March 2015 at Jalan Besar Stadium , between the winners of the previous season 's S.League and Singapore Cup competitions . The match was contested by 2014 S.League champions Warriors and 2014 Singapore Cup winners Balestier Khalsa . Warriors won the Shield for the second time after defeating Balestier Khalsa 1-0 , with Nicolás Vélez netting the only goal ."}]}, {'value': 'Warriors FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warriors_FC', 'summary': 'Warriors Football Club is a Singaporean professional football club that plays in the top-tier Singapore Premier League . Before they officially changed their name on 20 January 2013 , they were previously known as the Singapore Armed Forces Football Club ( SAFFC ) since their establishment on 16 February 1996 . Despite their name back then , membership of the Armed Forces was not a prerequisite for players representing the team , and several international players have played for them . Using a rhino as club mascot was their second suggestion after the S.League rejected their initial proposal of having a warrior as being out of line with the policy of clubs having animal mascots . Warriors F.C . is currently the most successful club in the history of the S.League , having won the title a record nine times : in 1997 , 1998 , 2000 , 2002 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2014 and finishing second in 4 seasons : 1996 , 1999 , 2001 , 2005 in the 22 years since the inception of the S.League . The Warriors was based in Jurong Stadium till 2000 before moving to their home ground Choa Chu Kang Stadium in 2001 . In light of the preparation of the 2015 SEA Games , the Warriors had to vacate Choa Chu Kang Stadium and will instead play their home matches at the Woodlands Stadium for the 2015 season instead . Warriors will move to their Jurong East Stadium in 2019 season and shared with Albirex Niigata Singapore FC . The Warriors have signed a five-year agreement with Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund ( BVB ) , as reported in a Fox Sports Asia article .'}]}, {'value': 'Balestier Khalsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balestier_Khalsa', 'summary': "Balestier Khalsa Football Club is a professional football club which plays in Singapore Premier League . The club 's logo depicts a Tiger , the nickname of the club , on top of a pair of Kirpan . The logo is made up of key elements from the two clubs it was merged from . The Tiger is the mascot of the Balestier half of the merged entity while the kirpan is a religious dagger worn by members of the Sikh faith , who were a major backer of half of the merged entity through the Clementi club ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Singapore_Community_Shield', 'summary': "The 2016 Singapore Community Shield ( also known as the Great Eastern Community Shield for sponsorship reasons ) was the 9th edition of the Singapore Community Shield held on 13 February 2016 at Jalan Besar Stadium , between the winners of the previous season 's S.League and Singapore Cup competitions . The match was contested by 2015 Singapore Cup winners Albirex Niigata ( S ) and 2015 S.League champions DPMM FC . Albirex Niigata ( S ) won the Shield for the first time after defeating DPMM FC 3-2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Albirex Niigata ( S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albirex_Niigata_(S)', 'summary': 'Albirex Niigata Singapore FC , abbreviated as Albirex Niigata ( S ) , is a football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League . The club is a satellite team of Albirex Niigata of Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'DPMM FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DPMM_FC', 'summary': "Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Football Club ( His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Brunei Football Club in English , commonly known as DPMM FC ) is a professional football club based in Bandar Seri Begawan , Brunei . The club played in the Brunei Premier League in the early 2000s , winning the league title in 2002 and 2004 . The club then decided to play in Malaysia , and joined the Malaysian Premier League as a foreign-based team in for the 2005-06 season . They won promotion to the Malaysian Super League ( the top tier of Malaysian football ) at the end of their first season in Malaysian football , and then finished 3rd and 10th in the following two season in the Super League . The club then left the Malaysian league and joined Singapore 's Singapore Premier League for the 2009 season . They won the Singapore League Cup , but were then forced to withdraw from the league competition five games before the end of the season after FIFA suspended the Football Association of Brunei Darussalam for government interference in its affairs , thus barring teams from Brunei from taking part in overseas competitions . All the club 's league results for 2009 were therefore expunged . At the end of the suspension , they re-entered the S.League and won the title in 2015 , just after a near-miss in 2014 . DPMM FC is owned by the Crown Prince of Brunei , Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah , who previously played as a goalkeeper for the team , and is coached by Adrian Pennock since 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Singapore_Community_Shield', 'summary': "The 2017 Singapore Community Shield ( also known as the Great Eastern Community Shield for sponsorship reasons ) was the 10th edition of the Singapore Community Shield held on 26 February 2017 at National Stadium , between the winners of the previous season 's S.League and Singapore Cup competitions . The match was contested by 2016 Singapore Cup winners Albirex Niigata ( S ) and 2016 S.League runners-up Tampines Rovers . This was the first time whereby a Shield match was played at the new National Stadium after opening in 2014 . Albirex Niigata ( S ) won the Shield for the second consecutive time after defeating Tampines Rovers 2-1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Albirex Niigata ( S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albirex_Niigata_(S)', 'summary': 'Albirex Niigata Singapore FC , abbreviated as Albirex Niigata ( S ) , is a football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League . The club is a satellite team of Albirex Niigata of Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albirex Niigata ( S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albirex_Niigata_(S)', 'summary': 'Albirex Niigata Singapore FC , abbreviated as Albirex Niigata ( S ) , is a football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League . The club is a satellite team of Albirex Niigata of Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Tampines Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampines_Rovers', 'summary': 'Tampines Rovers Football Club , commonly known as Tampines Rovers or simply Rovers , is a professional football club based in Tampines , Singapore , that competes in the Singapore Premier League . Nicknamed The Stags , the club was founded in 1945 and settled on its current name six years later . Their home ground is currently at Our Tampines Hub , where they had been since 2017 , after six years playing away due to the construction of their new stadium . Tampines Rovers has won major trophies in Singapore , including the Singapore Cup and the Singapore Premier League . They have won the national league championship eight times , the Singapore Cup thrice , the Singapore Premier League five times and the ASEAN Club Championship once . The Stags are known for boosting a considerably high attendance at home and away games . Tampines Rovers is one of the wealthiest football clubs in Singapore . They were previously sponsored by Hyundai and Komoco Motors until 2016 season , ending a 15-year association . It is also one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore , with the Stags being known for boosting a considerably high attendance at both home and away games . Its main rival is Geylang International , with whom they contest the Eastern Derby .'}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_United', 'summary': 'Lion City Sailors Football Club , formerly Home United Football Club , is a professional football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Albirex Niigata ( S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albirex_Niigata_(S)', 'summary': 'Albirex Niigata Singapore FC , abbreviated as Albirex Niigata ( S ) , is a football club that plays in the Singapore Premier League . The club is a satellite team of Albirex Niigata of Japan .'}]}, {'value': '0-0 ( aet ) ( 5-4 pen . )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Past results', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Singapore_Charity_Shield_0', 'intro': "The Singapore Community Shield (also known as the Great Eastern Community Shield due to sponsorship reasons; formerly the Charity Shield) is the curtain-raiser to the football season in Singapore. The match is contested between the champions of the previous Singapore Premier League season and the Singapore Cup winners. In a situation when the same team wins both competition, then it is contested between the Singapore Premier League's champions and runners-up. The Community Shield (known then as the Charity Shield) was first contested in 2008. In the inaugural match, the Singapore Armed Forces defeated Home United 5-4 on penalties following a 1-1 draw. Home United FC are the current holders of the competition after defeating former champions Albirex Niigata (S) 5-4 on penalties after a 0-0 draw in the 2019 of the Shield."}
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The most recent runners up are a satellite of what team ?
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Albirex Niigata ( S )
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029f7d52241b7d36
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bones_(studio)', 'title': 'Bones (studio)', 'header': ['Title', 'Original Broadcast Channel', 'First run start date', 'First run end date', 'Eps', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Hiwou War Chronicles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiwou_War_Chronicles', 'summary': "Hiwou War Chronicles ( Japanese : 機巧奇傳ヒヲウ戦記 , Hepburn : Karakuri Kiden Hiwō Senki , lit . Clever Strange Successor Hiwou War Chronicles ) is an anime series , produced by Bones . The series was first aired on NHK BS-2 and ran for twenty six episodes , from October 24 , 2000 till May 1 , 2001 . Created by Shō Aikawa and directed by Tetsurō Amino , the series ' character designer and chief animation director was the late Hiroshi Ōsaka . The series was subsequently aired by the anime television network Animax , who also aired it across its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia ."}]}, {'value': 'NHK BS2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NHK', 'summary': "NHK ( Japanese : 日本放送協会 , Hepburn : Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai , official English name : Japan Broadcasting Corporation ) is Japan 's national broadcasting organization . NHK , which has always been known by this romanized acronym in Japanese , [ a ] is a statutory corporation funded by viewers ' payments of a television license fee . NHK operates two terrestrial television channels ( NHK General TV and NHK Educational TV ) , four satellite television channels ( NHK BS1 and NHK BS Premium , as well as two ultra-high-definition television channels ; NHK BS4K and NHK BS8K ) , and three radio networks ( NHK Radio 1 , NHK Radio 2 , and NHK FM ) . NHK also provides an international broadcasting service , known as NHK World-Japan . NHK World-Japan is composed of NHK World TV , NHK World Premium , and the shortwave radio service Radio Japan ( RJ ) . World Radio Japan also makes some of its programs available on the Internet . NHK has been the world 's first broadcaster to broadcast in High definition ( using Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding , also known as Hi-Vision ) and in 8K ."}]}, {'value': 'October 24 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 1 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelic Layer : Battle Doll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelic_Layer', 'summary': "Angelic Layer ( Japanese : エンジェリックレイヤー , Hepburn : Enjerikku Reiyā ) is a manga series released by Clamp . The manga is published in Japan by Kadokawa Shoten , and in English originally by Tokyopop , but has since been re-licensed by Dark Horse Comics . It is the group 's first work to use a quite different art style unseen in any other CLAMP series , which uses a more distinctly pared down style . There is less emphasis on detail and more on accentuated posing and gestures . This kind of artwork would later be used in series like Chobits and Tsubasa : Reservoir Chronicle . The manga was adapted into a 26-episode anime series produced by Bones titled Angelic Layer : Battle Doll ( 機動天使エンジェリックレイヤー , Kidō Tenshi Enjerikku Reiyā , lit. , Angelic Layer : Mobile Angel ) which aired on TV Tokyo from April 1 , 2001 - September 23 , 2001 . Seven volumes of videos were released by ADV Films on VHS and DVD in 2003 . It was re-released in 2005 as a five volume box set . North American publisher Dark Horse Comics re-releases Angelic Layer in omnibus format in 2011 . Sentai Filmworks will re-release the series under their Sentai Selects label on November 24 , 2015 . Anime Limited announced they would release the series in the UK in 2018 . Angelic Layer takes place in the same universe as Clamp 's later work Chobits , which similarly deals with the relationship between humans , human-created devices , toys , and godlike power ."}]}, {'value': 'TV Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Tokyo', 'summary': 'TV Tokyo Corporation ( or TX ) ( 株式会社テレビ東京 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Tōkyō ) TYO : 9413 is a television station headquartered in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan majorly controlled by Nikkei , Inc. Also known as Teleto ( テレ東 , Teretō ) , a blend of terebi and Tokyo , it is the flagship station of TX Network . It is one of the major Tokyo television stations , particularly specializing in anime .'}]}, {'value': 'April 1 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 30 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by CLAMP Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLAMP', 'summary': 'Clamp ( クランプ , Kuranpu ) is an all-female Japanese manga artist group that formed in the mid-1980s . It consists of leader Nanase Ohkawa ( 大川 七瀬 , Ōkawa Nanase ) , and three artists whose roles shift for each series : Mokona ( もこな , Mokona ) , Tsubaki Nekoi ( 猫井 椿 , Nekoi Tsubaki ) , and Satsuki Igarashi ( いがらし 寒月 , Igarashi Satsuki ) . Almost 100 million Clamp tankōbon copies have been sold worldwide as of October 2007 . Beginning as an eleven-member dōjinshi circle in the mid-1980s , they began creating original work in 1987 . By the time they debuted with RG Veda in 1989 , the group was reduced to seven members . In 1993 , three more members left , leaving the four members who are currently still part of the group . In 2006 , the members decided to change their names ; Ohkawa later changed her name back from Ageha Ohkawa to Nanase Ohkawa , while the other three members retained their new names .'}]}, {'value': 'RahXephon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RahXephon', 'summary': 'RahXephon ( Japanese : ラーゼフォン , Hepburn : Rāzefon ) is a 26-episode anime television series created and directed by Yutaka Izubuchi . The series follows 17-year-old Ayato Kamina , his ability to control a mecha known as the RahXephon , and his inner journey to find a place in the world . His life as a student and artist in Tokyo is suddenly interrupted by a mysterious stalker , strange planes invading the city and strange machines fighting back . The anime was animated by Bones and it aired on Fuji TV from January to September 2002 . It was produced by Fuji TV , Bones , Media Factory and Victor Entertainment . The series received critical acclaim and was subsequently translated , released on the DVD and aired in several other countries , including the United States . A 2003 movie adaptation RahXephon : Pluralitas Concentio was directed by Tomoki Kyoda , with plot changes and new scenes . The series was also spun into novels , an extra OVA episode , an audio drama , a video game , illustration books and an altered manga adaptation by Takeaki Momose . Director Izubuchi said RahXephon was his attempt to set a new standard for mecha anime , as well as to bring back aspects of 1970s mecha shows like Brave Raideen .'}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fuji_TV', 'summary': "Fuji Television Network , Inc. ( 株式会社フジテレビジョン , Kabushiki gaisha Fuji Terebijon ) is a Japanese television station based in Odaiba , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , also known as Fuji TV ( フジテレビ , Fuji Terebi ) or CX , based on the station 's call sign JOCX-DTV . It is the flagship station of the Fuji News Network ( FNN ) and the Fuji Network System . It is also known for its long-time slogan , If it 's not fun , it 's not TV ! [ a ] Fuji Television also operates three premium television stations , known as Fuji TV One ( Fuji TV 739 - sports/variety ) , Fuji TV Two ( Fuji TV 721 - drama/anime ) , and Fuji TV Next ( Fuji TV CSHD - live premium shows ) ( called together as Fuji TV OneTwoNext ) , all available in high-definition . Fuji Television is owned by Fuji Media Holdings , Inc. ( 株式会社フジ・メディア・ホールディングス , Kabushiki-gaisha Fuji Media Hōrudingusu ) and affiliated with the Fujisankei Communications Group . The current Fuji Television was established in 2008 . Fuji Media Holdings is the former Fuji Television founded in 1957 ."}]}, {'value': 'January 21 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 10 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio B', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Wolf 's Rain", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wolf's_Rain", 'summary': "Wolf 's Rain ( Japanese : ウルフズレイン , Hepburn : Urufuzu Rein ) is an anime series created by writer Keiko Nobumoto and produced by Bones . It was directed by Tensai Okamura and featured character designs by Toshihiro Kawamoto with a soundtrack produced and arranged by Yoko Kanno . It focuses on the journey of four lone wolves who cross paths while following the scent of the Lunar Flower and seeking Paradise . Wolf 's Rain spans twenty-six television episodes and four original video animation ( OVA ) episodes , with each episode running approximately twenty-five minutes . The series was originally broadcast in Japan on Fuji TV and the anime CS television network , Animax . The complete thirty episode series is licensed for North American release by Funimation , in Europe by Beez Entertainment and in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment . The series was adapted into a short two-volume manga series written by Keiko Nobumoto and illustrated by Toshitsugu Iida . The manga , which was released while the series was airing , is a retelling of the story rather than a straight adaptation . It was originally serialized in Magazine Z and has been released in North America by Viz Media . The anime series was well-received in Japan , being the third-ranked anime series in its timeslot while airing on Fuji TV . The Bandai Entertainment English-language release sold well in North America . It helped Bandai gain the 2004 Anime Company of the Year award from industry news company ICv2 in the ICv2 Retailers Guide to Anime/Manga ."}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 6 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 29 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scrapped Princess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scrapped_Princess', 'summary': "Scrapped Princess ( Japanese : スクラップド・プリンセス , Hepburn : Sukurappudo Purinsesu ) is a Japanese light novel series by Ichiro Sakaki and illustrated by Yukinobu Azumi , also known as the popular adult dōjin artist Nakayohi Mogudan . In 2003 , it was adapted into an anime series produced by Bones . The character designs in the anime are by Takahiro Komori , who is also known for the designs on another anime series , Cowboy Bebop . Scrapped Princess is notable for its music , which is composed by Masumi Itō , and its themes . [ citation needed ] It begins as high fantasy and then quickly mixes into varying degrees of post-apocalyptic and science fiction elements through the application of Clarke 's third law . The atmosphere has undertones of sadness , though many of the characters and situations are superficially light-hearted ."}]}, {'value': 'WOWOW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WOWOW', 'summary': 'Wowow Inc. ( 株式会社WOWOW , KK Wauwau ) , listed as TYO : 4839 , is a private satellite broadcasting and premium satellite television station in Japan . Its headquarters are located on the 21st floor of the Akasaka Park Building in Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo . Its broadcasting center is in Koto , Tokyo . On October 1 , 2011 , Wowow expanded their single channel broadcast satellite service to provide three high-definition TV channels :'}]}, {'value': 'April 8 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 7 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a light novel by Ichirō Sakaki Animated by Bones Studio B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ichirō_Sakaki', 'summary': 'Ichirō Sakaki ( 榊 一郎 , Sakaki Ichirō ) is a Japanese writer . He writes light novels and manga .'}]}, {'value': 'Fullmetal Alchemist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist_(anime)', 'summary': "Fullmetal Alchemist ( Japanese : 鋼の錬金術師 , Hepburn : Hagane no Renkinjutsushi ) is a Japanese anime television series adapted from the manga of the same name written and illustrated by Hiromu Arakawa . Comprising 51 episodes , it was co-produced by the animation studio Bones , Mainichi Broadcasting System ( MBS ) , and Aniplex and directed by Seiji Mizushima . It was broadcast on MBS in Japan from October 4 , 2003 , to October 2 , 2004 . As in the manga , the series follows the adventures of brothers Edward and Alphonse Elric , who are searching for the Philosopher 's Stone so they can regain the bodies they lost in a failed attempt to bring their dead mother back to life . During production , Arakawa requested an original ending that differed from the manga , leading to the series deviating into an original plot halfway through . The first series ended with a sequel film , Conqueror of Shamballa , released in 2005 . A second anime series , Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood , which adapted the manga chapters all the way throughout the story , was broadcast in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'MBS , TBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': 'Mainichi Broadcasting System , Inc. ( 株式会社毎日放送 , Kabushiki-gaisha Mainichi Hōsō , Mainichi Broadcasting System Stock - Company ) is a radio and television broadcasting company headquartered in Osaka , Japan , affiliated with Japan Radio Network ( JRN ) , National Radio Network ( NRN ) , Japan News Network ( JNN ) and TBS Network , serving in the Kansai region . It is a parent company of a television station named MBS TV ( MBSテレビ ) and a radio station named MBS Radio ( MBSラジオ ) . MBS is also one of the major stockholders of the following networks : Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings , Inc. ( TBSHD ) , RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation , BS-TBS , Incorporated , i-Television Inc. , TV-U Fukushima Co. , Ltd. , Hiroshima Home Television Co. , Ltd. , WOWOW Inc. , and FM 802 Co. , Ltd .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': "Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings , Inc. , TBS Holdings , Inc. or TBSHD , is a Japanese media holding company . It is the parent company of a television network named Tokyo Broadcasting System Television , Inc. ( 株式会社TBSテレビ , abbreviated to TBS ) and radio network named TBS Radio & Communications , Inc. ( 株式会社TBSラジオ & コミュニケーションズ ) . TBS Television , Inc. has a 28-affiliate news network called JNN ( Japan News Network ) , as well as a 34-affiliate radio network called JRN ( Japan Radio Network ) which TBS Radio & Communications , Inc. ( TBSラジオ ) has . TBS ( present TBS Holdings , Inc. ) produced the Takeshi 's Castle game show and is also the home to the many Ultra Series programs ( until recently ; current Ultra Series programs are now aired on TV Tokyo ) and Sasuke ( Ninja Warrior ) , whose format would inspire similar programs outside Japan . Despite affiliation with the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper , the newspaper 's publisher ( The Mainichi Newspapers Co. ) is not the largest shareholder in TBSHD nor the Mainichi Broadcasting System 's holding company MBS Media Holdings , TBSHD 's second-largest shareholder ."}]}, {'value': 'October 4 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 2 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Hiromu Arakawa Animated by Bones Studio C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiromu_Arakawa', 'summary': 'Hiromu Arakawa ( 荒川 弘 , Arakawa Hiromu ) is the male pen name of Hiromi Arakawa ( 荒川 弘美 , Arakawa Hiromi , born May 8 , 1973 ) , a Japanese manga artist . She is best known for the manga Fullmetal Alchemist , which became a hit both domestically and internationally , and was later adapted into two anime television series .'}]}, {'value': 'Mars Daybreak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mars_Daybreak', 'summary': 'Mars Daybreak ( Japanese : 絢爛舞踏祭 ザ･マーズ･デイブレイク , Hepburn : Kenran Butōsai Za Māzu Deibureiku ) is a Japanese science-fiction anime television series that aired on TV Tokyo from April 1 to September 23 , 2004 . It is currently licensed by Bandai Entertainment . Kenran Butōsai ( 絢爛舞踏祭 , Kenran Butōsai ) is a simulation game based on the concept , developed and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 video game console .'}]}, {'value': 'TV Tokyo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 23 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurau Phantom Memory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurau_Phantom_Memory', 'summary': 'Kurau Phantom Memory ( Japanese : クラウ ファントムメモリー , Hepburn : Kurau Fantomu Memorī ) is a 2004 science fiction anime series , produced by Bones and Media Factory , which was broadcast in Japan by the anime television networks Animax and TV Asahi . Set primarily in the year 2110 , it explores themes such as inter-familial relationships and ethics in science . The series was licensed by A.D . Vision for North American localization for $ 960,000 since the first episode aired , and the first DVD was released on April 10 , 2007 . In 2008 , the series was transferred from A.D . Vision to Funimation Entertainment , along with over 30 other titles .'}]}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'June 24 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 15 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eureka Seven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eureka_Seven', 'summary': 'Eureka Seven , known in Japan as Psalms of Planets Eureka seveN ( Japanese : 交響詩篇エウレカセブン , Hepburn : Kōkyōshihen Eureka Sebun , lit . Symphonic Psalms Eureka Seven ) , is a 2005 Japanese anime series created by Bones . The series was directed by Tomoki Kyoda , with series composition by Dai Satō , character designs by Kenichi Yoshida and music by Naoki Satō . Eureka Seven tells the story of Renton Thurston and the outlaw group Gekkostate , his relationship with the enigmatic mecha pilot Eureka , and the mystery of the Coralians . The fifty episode series premiered in Japan on MBS between April 17 , 2005 and April 2 , 2006 and was subsequently licensed by Funimation in North America , Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand and by Anime Limited in the United Kingdom for English home video releases . The series spawned six manga adaptations , a light novel , three video games and a feature-length anime film which was released in Japan on April 25 , 2009 . One of the manga titled Eureka Seven : AO which was serialized in Shōnen Ace between January 2012 and October 2013 , was further adapted into an anime series which aired twenty-four episodes in Japan between April 13 and November 20 , 2012 . Eureka Seven was well received by critics and earned several awards at numerous award shows in Japan , most notably the 2006 Tokyo International Anime Fair .'}]}, {'value': 'JNN ( MBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_News_Network', 'summary': 'Japan News Network ( ジャパン ニュース ネットワーク , Japan Nyūsu Nettowāku ) , or JNN , is a commercial television news network in Japan . The network is run by Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings , Inc. ( TBS ) . JNN is the broadcast supplier of news programmes and news exchange to all JNN-affiliated stations . It also operates the 24-hour satellite and cable news channel TBS News Bird .'}]}, {'value': 'April 26 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ouran High School Host Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ouran_High_School_Host_Club', 'summary': "Ouran High School Host Club ( Japanese : 桜蘭高校ホスト部 , Hepburn : Ōran Kōkō Hosuto Kurabu ) is a manga series by Bisco Hatori , serialized in Hakusensha 's LaLa magazine between the September 2002 and November 2010 issues . The series follows Haruhi Fujioka , a scholarship student at Ouran High School , and the other members of the popular host club . The romantic comedy focuses on the relationships within and outside the Club and satirizes the clichés and stereotypes that endure in shōjo manga . The manga has been adapted into a series of audio dramas , an animated television series directed by Takuya Igarashi and produced by Bones , a Japanese television drama series , a live action film adaptation and a visual novel by Idea Factory ."}]}, {'value': 'NTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nippon_TV', 'summary': "Nippon Television Network Corporation ( 日本テレビ放送網株式会社 , Nippon Terebi Hōsōmō Kabushiki-gaisha ) , doing business as Nippon TV ( 日本テレビ , Nihon Terebi , stylized as NIPP日N TV ) , is a television network based in the Shiodome area of Minato , Tokyo , Japan and is owned by The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings , Japan 's largest media conglomerate . Broadcasting terrestrially across Japan , the network is sometimes contracted to Nittere ( 日テレ ) , and abbreviated as NTV or AX ."}]}, {'value': 'April 4 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 27 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Bisco Hatori Animated by Bones Studio C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bisco_Hatori', 'summary': 'Bisco Hatori ( 葉鳥ビスコ , Hatori Bisuko , born August 30 , 1975 ) is a Japanese manga artist . She is well known for her series Ouran High School Host Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Jyu-Oh-Sei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jyu-Oh-Sei', 'summary': "Jyu-Oh-Sei ( Japanese : 獣王星 , Hepburn : Jū Ō Sei , lit . Planet of the Beast King ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Natsumi Itsuki . An 11-episode anime adaptation was animated by Bones and premiered on April 13 , 2006 in Japan as part of Fuji TV 's Noitamina programming block . On May 2 , 2009 , the series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel ."}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 13 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 22 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Natsumi Itsuki Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natsumi_Itsuki', 'summary': 'Natsumi Itsuki ( 樹なつみ , Itsuki Natsumi , born 5 February 1960 in Kobe , Hyogo , Japan ) is a Japanese shōjo manga artist best known for writing science fiction manga . She debuted in 1979 with Megumi-chan ni Sasageru Comedy in LaLa . She won the 1993 Seiun Award for best science fiction manga for Oz and the 1997 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga for Eight Clouds Rising . Several of her works have been adapted as anime , including Jyu Oh Sei , Oz , Eight Clouds Rising , and Hanasakeru Seishōnen . Her series Demon Sacred and Jyu Oh Sei are licensed in North America by Tokyopop , and the anime of Jyu Oh Sei is distributed in English by Funimation .'}]}, {'value': 'Ghost Slayers Ayashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghost_Slayers_Ayashi', 'summary': "Ghost Slayers Ayashi ( Japanese : 天保異聞 妖奇士 , Hepburn : Tenpō Ibun Ayakashi Ayashi ) is a Japanese anime series , created and written by Shō Aikawa and produced by Bones . Directed by Hiroshi Nishikiori , it featured character designs by Toshihiro Kawamoto and premiered across Japan on October 7 , 2006 on TBS . It received its satellite television premiere across Japan on Animax on November 14 , 2006 , and also received its English language television premiere on Animax 's English networks , Animax Asia , across Southeast Asia and South Asia from January 2009 . While originally scheduled to air for 52 episodes , the series ' length was shortened to 25 due to its low ratings and ended its run on March 31 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'MBS , TBS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 7 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 31 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darker than Black : The Black Contractor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darker_than_Black', 'summary': 'Darker than Black , also known as Darker than Black : The Black Contractor ( DARKER THAN BLACK ー黒の契約者ー , Dākā Zan Burakku -Kuro no Keiyakusha- ) , is an anime television series created and directed by Tensai Okamura and animated by Bones . It premiered across Japan from April 5 , 2007 on MBS , TBS , and its affiliated broadcast stations , with its satellite television premiere in Japan on Animax in May 2007 . The music for the series is composed by Yoko Kanno . The series has also been adapted into two manga series , which are serialized in Monthly Asuka and in Young Gangan . A sequel titled Darker than Black : Gemini of the Meteor premiered in Japan on October 8 , 2009 . On January 21 , 2016 , it was announced that Funimation , the North American distributor for the anime , no longer holds the license for the first season .'}]}, {'value': 'MBS , TBS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 28 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original Work Animated by Bones Studio C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Skull Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skull_Man', 'summary': "Skull Man ( Japanese : スカルマン , Hepburn : Sukaru Man ) is a shōnen manga series created by Shotaro Ishinomori which first appeared in Weekly Shōnen Magazine in 1970 . The hero of the story , whose parents have been murdered , grows up to use his peculiar powers to take revenge . The original Skull Man was one of the first antiheroes to be seen in manga , someone who would sacrifice the lives of innocents in his quest for vengeance . While developing the Kamen Rider ( Masked Rider ) TV series along with producer Toru Hirayama , Ishinomori created this manga as his own personal version , which the producers at Toei Company Ltd. used as the basis for the show. [ which ? ] They made several changes to the content , as Ishinomori 's original 100-page one-shot story was too dark and gruesome ( even cerebral ) for a show for all ages . In the late 1990s , after he had fallen ill , Ishinomori contacted manga artist Kazuhiko Shimamoto to do a remake ( ambiguously a continuation ) of his original one-shot manga . This remake boasted an extensive , continuing storyline and more complex artwork ( along with a tribute to Ishinomori in the final issue , with several of his famous characters gathered together ) . [ citation needed ] This was the manga that was presented in the US by Tokyopop . The original 1970 version was digitally released in English by Ishimori productions in 2012 . An animated TV series adaptation , produced by Bones and directed by Takeshi Mori , was broadcast on Fuji TV from April 28 , 2007 to July 22 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 28 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Shotaro Ishinomori Animated by Bones Studio B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shotaro_Ishinomori', 'summary': 'Shotaro Ishinomori ( 石ノ森 章太郎 , Ishinomori Shōtarō , 25 January 1938 - 28 January 1998 ) was a Japanese manga artist who became an influential figure in manga , anime , and tokusatsu , creating several immensely popular long-running series such as Cyborg 009 , the Super Sentai series ( later adapted into the Power Rangers series ) , and the Kamen Rider Series . He was twice awarded by the Shogakukan Manga Award , in 1968 for Sabu to Ichi Torimono Hikae and in 1988 for Hotel and Manga Nihon Keizai Nyumon . He was born and named Shotaro Onodera ( 小野寺 章太郎 , Onodera Shōtarō ) in Tome , Miyagi , and was also known as Shotaro Ishimori ( 石森 章太郎 , Ishimori Shōtarō ) before 1986 , when he changed his family name to Ishinomori with ノ .'}]}, {'value': 'Soul Eater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soul_Eater_(manga)', 'summary': "Soul Eater ( Japanese : ソウルイーター , Hepburn : Sōru Ītā ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Atsushi Ōkubo . Set at the Death Weapon Meister Academy , the series revolves around three teams , each consisting of a weapon meister and ( at least one ) weapon that can transform into a humanoid . Trying to make the latter a death scythe and thus fit for use by the academy 's headmaster Shinigami , the personification of death , they must collect the souls of 99 evil humans and one witch , in that order ; otherwise , they will have to start all over again . The manga is published by Square Enix and was first released as three separate one-shots serialized in two Gangan Powered special editions and one Gangan Wing in 2003 . The manga started regular serialization in Square Enix 's Monthly Shōnen Gangan manga magazine from May 12 , 2004 to August 12 , 2013 . The manga has been licensed for distribution in North America by Yen Press . The English translation of Soul Eater was serialized in Yen Press ' Yen Plus manga anthology magazine starting in July 2008 , and the first manga volume was released in October 2009 . A manga series that runs alongside the main series , titled Soul Eater Not ! , began serialization in Monthly Shōnen Gangan on January 12 , 2011 . A single drama CD was produced on August 31 , 2005 , which came bundled with an art book . A 51-episode anime adaptation produced by Bones aired on TV Tokyo in Japan from April 2008 to March 2009 ; Funimation licensed the anime series for North American distribution . An action-adventure video game by Square Enix for the Wii was released in September 2008 , and an action video game for the Nintendo DS was released in October 2008 . Another action game was released in January 2009 on the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable ."}]}, {'value': 'TXN ( TV Tokyo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TX_Network', 'summary': "TXN Network or TXN is a commercial television network in Japan owned by Nikkei , Inc . The TX is taken from TV Tokyo 's callsign . It is also known as TV Tokyo Network ."}]}, {'value': 'April 7 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 30 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Atsushi Ōkubo Animated by Bones Studio C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atsushi_Ōkubo', 'summary': 'Atsushi Ōkubo ( Japanese : 大久保 篤 , Hepburn : Ōkubo Atsushi , born September 20 , 1979 ) , also romanized as Atsushi Ohkubo , is a Japanese manga author and fantasy artist known for his work on the manga series Soul Eater and Fire Force , both of which have been adapted into anime . Okubo worked as an assistant under Rando Ayamine , on the manga series GetBackers . He also created artwork for the video game TCG Lord of Vermilion , as well as some character designs in Bravely Default .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiko , Heiress of the Phantom Thief', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nijū_Mensō_no_Musume', 'summary': 'Nijū Mensō no Musume ( Japanese : 二十面相の娘 , lit . The Daughter of Twenty Faces ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by manga author Shinji Ohara . The manga was serialized in the seinen manga magazine Comic Flapper between 2002 and 2007 , but continued serialization in the same magazine with the title Nijū Mensō no Musume Utsushiyo no Yoru since October 5 , 2007 . An anime adaptation aired in Japan from April 12 , 2008 to September 27 , 2008 and was co-produced by Bones and Telecom Animation Film . The characters in this series have been used with permission from surviving members of the family of Edogawa Rampo , the renowned Japanese detective fiction author who had originally created the fictional characters of Kaijin Nijū Mensō and Kogoro Akechi . The series is set in the Shōwa period , starting around 1953 in the anime .'}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 12 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 27 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on a manga by Shinji Ohara ( Co-production with Telecom Animation Film )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Telecom_Animation_Film', 'summary': "TMS Entertainment Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社トムス・エンタテインメント Kabushiki-gaisha Tomusu Entateinmento ) , formerly known as Tokyo Movie Shinsha ( 東京ムービー新社 Tōkyō Mūbī Shinsha ) , also known as Tokyo Movie ( 東京ムービー Tōkyō Mūbī ) or TMS-Kyokuichi , is a Japanese animation studio founded in 1964 . TMS is one of the oldest and most famous anime studios in Japan ; best known for produced numerous anime franchises such as Lupin the 3rd , Detective Conan , Anpanman , Bakugan , D.Gray-man , and Sonic X and feature-length films Akira and Little Nemo : Adventures in Slumberland , alongside animation works for western animation such as Inspector Gadget , The Real Ghostbusters , Rainbow Brite , Animaniacs , Batman : The Animated Series , DuckTales , Spider-Man : The Animated Series , Tiny Toon Adventures and Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears . In 2010 , TMS Entertainment became a wholly owned subsidiary for Sega Sammy Holdings in the entertainment and contents business ."}]}, {'value': 'Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist:_Brotherhood', 'summary': "Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood ( Japanese : 鋼の錬金術師 FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST , Hepburn : Hagane no Renkinjutsushi Furumetaru Arukemisuto ) is a Japanese anime television series adapted from the Fullmetal Alchemist manga by Hiromu Arakawa . Produced by Bones , the series is directed by Yasuhiro Irie and written by Hiroshi Ōnogi . Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood is the second anime television series based on Fullmetal Alchemist , the first being 2003 's Fullmetal Alchemist . Unlike the previous adaptation , Brotherhood is an almost 1:1 adaptation directly following the original events of the manga . It was first announced in the manga series ' 20th tankōbon volume . In Japan , it is differentiated from the 2003 series by the inclusion of the English language title . The series premiered on April 5 , 2009 , on MBS-TBS ' Sunday 5:00 PM JST anime time block , replacing Mobile Suit Gundam 00 , and ran weekly until airing its final episode on July 4 , 2010 . Voice actresses Romi Park and Rie Kugimiya reprised their roles as main characters Edward and Alphonse Elric , respectively . On March 20 , 2009 , it was announced that the English title of the series was Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood and that it would receive its English language premiere on Animax Asia , with Japanese audio and English subtitles , from April 10 , 2009 , at 8:30 p.m. , five days after its Japanese premiere . On April 3 , 2009 , Funimation announced that they would stream English subtitled episodes four days after they aired in Japan . Madman Entertainment would also stream it within days of the episodes airing in Japan . On February 13 , 2010 , the English-dubbed version of the series began its run on Adult Swim ."}]}, {'value': 'JNN ( MBS )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 4 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second adaptation of Fullmetal Alchemist Animated by Bones Studio D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tokyo Magnitude 8.0', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo_Magnitude_8.0', 'summary': "Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 ( Japanese : 東京マグニチュード8.0 , Hepburn : Tōkyō Magunichūdo 8.0 ) is a Japanese anime television series that premiered on Fuji TV 's noitamina timeslot on July 9 , 2009 , where it ended its original run on September 17 in that same year . Directed by Masaki Tachibana and written by Natsuko Takahashi , it is an original series co-produced by Bones and Kinema Citrus . The 11-episode series centres on two young siblings , Mirai and Yūki , and single mother Mari who the two meet in the aftermath of a major earthquake hitting the Japanese capital , placed in the near future ( 2012 ) . It won the Excellence Prize in the Animation category at Japan 's Media Arts Festival in 2009 . It was announced that the series has been licensed for a release in North America by Maiden Japan released on April 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 9 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 17 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original Work ( Co-production with Kinema Citrus )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinema_Citrus', 'summary': 'Kinema Citrus Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社キネマシトラス , Kabushiki-gaisha Kinema Shitorasu ) is a Japanese animation studio , founded on March 3 , 2008 by former Production I.G and Bones members and based in Suginami , Tokyo . Its business directors are Muneki Ogasawara , Yuichiro Matsuka and Masaki Tachibana . Notable works include Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 in 2009 , co-produced with Bones , .hack//Quantum , a 3-episode OVA series , Black Bullet and Barakamon in 2014 , Made in Abyss in 2017 , and The Rising of the Shield Hero in 2019 . On December 12 , 2019 , Kinema Citrus announced that Kadokawa and Bushiroad acquired each of them a total of 31.8% on the company . The three companies previously announced a partnership in the same year for the creation of different anime , and one of the reasons for the deal was due to that partnership .'}]}, {'value': 'Darker than Black : Gemini of the Meteor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darker_than_Black', 'summary': 'Darker than Black , also known as Darker than Black : The Black Contractor ( DARKER THAN BLACK ー黒の契約者ー , Dākā Zan Burakku -Kuro no Keiyakusha- ) , is an anime television series created and directed by Tensai Okamura and animated by Bones . It premiered across Japan from April 5 , 2007 on MBS , TBS , and its affiliated broadcast stations , with its satellite television premiere in Japan on Animax in May 2007 . The music for the series is composed by Yoko Kanno . The series has also been adapted into two manga series , which are serialized in Monthly Asuka and in Young Gangan . A sequel titled Darker than Black : Gemini of the Meteor premiered in Japan on October 8 , 2009 . On January 21 , 2016 , it was announced that Funimation , the North American distributor for the anime , no longer holds the license for the first season .'}]}, {'value': 'MBS , TBS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 8 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sequel to Darker Than Black Animated by Bones Studio C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heroman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heroman', 'summary': "Heroman ( Japanese : ヒーローマン , Hepburn : Hīrōman , stylized as HEROMAN ) is a manga/anime series created by Marvel 's Stan Lee and Bones . The manga is published in Square Enix 's magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan and began serialization in September 2009 , while the anime series premiered on April 1 , 2010 , on TV Tokyo and related stations . Stan Lee came up with the series ' basic plot , referring to the series and character as a new hero for the 21st century ."}]}, {'value': 'TXN ( TV Tokyo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 23 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original work in collaboration with Stan Lee Animated by Bones Studio A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Lee', 'summary': "Stan Lee ( born Stanley Martin Lieber /ˈliːbər/ ; December 28 , 1922 - November 12 , 2018 ) was an American comic book writer , editor , publisher , and producer . He rose through the ranks of a family-run business to become Marvel Comics ' primary creative leader for two decades , leading its expansion from a small division of a publishing house to a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics industry . In collaboration with others at Marvel - particularly co-writer/artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko - he co-created numerous popular fictional characters , including superheroes Spider-Man , the X-Men , Iron Man , Thor , the Hulk , Black Widow , the Fantastic Four , Black Panther , Daredevil , Doctor Strange , Scarlet Witch and Ant-Man . In doing so , he pioneered a more naturalistic approach to writing superhero comics in the 1960s , and in the 1970s he challenged the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority , indirectly leading to changes in its policies . In the 1980s he pursued the development of Marvel properties in other media , with mixed results . Following his retirement from Marvel in the 1990s , he remained a public figurehead for the company , and frequently made cameo appearances in films and television shows based on Marvel characters , on which he received an executive producer credit . Meanwhile , he continued independent creative ventures into his 90s , until his death in 2018 . Lee was inducted into the comic book industry 's Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995 . He received the NEA 's National Medal of Arts in 2008 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Works -- Anime television series', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Bones_(studio)_0', 'intro': "Bones Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社 ボンズ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Bonzu) is a Japanese anime studio. It has produced numerous series, including Noragami, Wolf's Rain, Scrapped Princess, Eureka Seven, Angelic Layer, Darker than Black, Soul Eater, Ouran High School Host Club and two adaptions of the Fullmetal Alchemist manga along with Star Driver, Gosick, Mob Psycho 100, Space Dandy, and My Hero Academia. Its headquarters is located in Igusa, Suginami, Tokyo."}
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Who directed the manga series whose original broadcast channel also operates the cable news channel TBS News Bird ?
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Tomoki Kyoda
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02a108678851d23f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Golden_Spin_of_Zagreb', 'title': '2009 Golden Spin of Zagreb', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'Total Points', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denis Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denis_Ten', 'summary': "Denis Yurievich Ten ( Денис Юрийұлы Тен ; Денис Юрьевич Тен ; 13 June 1993 - 19 July 2018 ) was a Kazakhstani figure skater . He was the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist , a two-time World medalist ( silver in 2013 , bronze in 2015 ) , the 2015 Four Continents champion , the 2017 Winter Universiade champion , and a five-time national champion of Kazakhstan . Ten was the first skater from Kazakhstan to stand on the podium at the World Championships , Four Continents Championships , Asian Winter Games , and the Olympic Games . At the 2008-09 ISU Junior Grand Prix event in Belarus , he became the first skater from Kazakhstan to win an International Skating Union competition . His other accomplishments include qualifying two spots for his country in the men 's event at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics . Ten was the official ambassador for the Olympic Bidding Committee Almaty 2022 . He was a member of the Astana Presidential Sports Club and the political party Nur Otan . In 2013 , he began producing his own ice show , Denis Ten and Friends . In summer 2014 , he announced his co-operation with All That Sports management company established by Yuna Kim . In July 2018 , Ten was murdered in a carjacking attempt ."}]}, {'value': 'Kazakhstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Kazakhstan , [ b ] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan , [ c ] is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe . It is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest country in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres ( 1,052,100 sq mi ) . Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60% of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil and gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018 [ update ] . Its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq mi ) . Since 1997 and independence , the capital is Nur-Sultan , formerly known as Astana . It was moved from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires ."}]}, {'value': '194.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Artem Borodulin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Artem_Borodulin', 'summary': 'Artem Igorevich Borodulin ( Russian : Артём Игоревич Бородулин , born 9 March 1989 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . He is the 2008 World Junior silver medalist and competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics , finishing 13th .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '187.65', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adrian Schultheiss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Schultheiss', 'summary': 'Adrian Alexander Konstantin Schultheiss ( born 11 August 1988 ) is a Swedish figure skater . He is the 2006 Swedish national champion , the 2004-2005 Swedish junior national champion , and the 2006 Nordic Champion . He is the first Swedish skater to win a Junior Grand Prix event , which he did in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '175.91', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoji Tsuboi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '174.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gregor Urbas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gregor_Urbas', 'summary': 'Gregor Urbas ( born 20 November 1982 in Jesenice ) is a Slovenian former competitive figure skater . He is a three-time Golden Spin of Zagreb champion , a five-time Triglav Trophy champion , the 2006 Ondrej Nepela Memorial champion , and a nine-time ( 2001-2009 ) Slovenian national champion . He competed at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics . He qualified for the free skate at nineteen ISU Championships - six Worlds , eight Europeans , and five Junior Worlds . Urbas began skating when he was about eight years old . His first coach was Mojca Kurbos . He joined Elena Babitskaia and Valeri Babitski by 2001 . They coached him until the end of the 2004-05 season . Gordana Smrekar became his coach the following season . During his career , he practiced mainly in Slovenia and occasionally traveled to Philadelphia to train under Uschi Keszler .'}]}, {'value': 'Slovenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovenia', 'summary': 'Slovenia ( /sloʊˈviːniə , slə-/ ( listen ) sloh-VEE-nee-ə ; Slovene : Slovenija [ slɔˈʋèːnija ] ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : Republika Slovenija ( help·info ) , abbr . : RS ) , is a country located in Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . Slovenia covers 20,273 square kilometers ( 7,827 sq mi ) and has a population of 2.084 million . One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia , Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union , United Nations , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral , which has a sub-Mediterranean climate , and of the Julian Alps in the northwest , which have an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic , Germanic , and Romance languages and cultures .'}]}, {'value': '166.32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denis Leushin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denis_Leushin', 'summary': 'Denis Alexandrovich Leushin ( Russian : Денис Александрович Леушин ; born 25 July 1985 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . He placed 13th at the 2004 World Junior Championships in The Hague and won gold at the 2010 Golden Spin of Zagreb . After retiring from competition , he began working as a coach in Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '162.62', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maxim Shipov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maxim_Shipov', 'summary': 'Maxim Alexeyevich Shipov ( Russian : Максим Алексеевич Шипов ; born 10 May 1987 , in Moscow ) is a Russian-born figure skater who competed mainly for Israel . Shipov represented Russia at one international competition , the 2005 Skate Israel . After switching to Israel and sitting out the mandatory wait period , he began appearing internationally for Israel in 2007 . A three-time Israeli national champion , he competed at eight ISU Championships and qualified to the free skate at the 2011 European Championships in Bern , Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Israel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel', 'summary': "Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 ."}]}, {'value': '153.43', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anton Kovalevsky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Kovalevsky', 'summary': 'Anton Volodymyrovych Kovalevski ( Ukrainian : Антон Володимирович Ковалевський ; born 9 March 1985 in Kiev ) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater . He won medals at the Crystal Skate of Romania , Golden Spin of Zagreb , Ice Challenge , and Ondrej Nepela Memorial , and is a four-time ( 2006-07 , 2009-10 ) Ukrainian national champion . He decided to take a break from competitive skating after the 2010-11 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '151.51', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franz Streubel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Streubel', 'summary': 'Franz Streubel ( born 24 September 1991 ) is a German competitive figure skater . He is a two-time ( 2015-16 ) German national champion and has won six senior international medals , including gold at the 2012 Bavarian Open and 2014 NRW Trophy . He has finished in the top 15 at three European Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '147.48', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abzal Rakimgaliyev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abzal_Rakimgaliyev', 'summary': 'Abzal Rakimgaliev ( born 25 May 1992 ) is a Kazakhstani figure skater . He is the 2007 Kazakhstani national champion and has won seven senior international medals . He competed at the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver , where he placed 26th , and at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi , where he placed 22nd .'}]}, {'value': 'Kazakhstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Kazakhstan , [ b ] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan , [ c ] is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe . It is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest country in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres ( 1,052,100 sq mi ) . Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60% of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil and gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018 [ update ] . Its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq mi ) . Since 1997 and independence , the capital is Nur-Sultan , formerly known as Astana . It was moved from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires ."}]}, {'value': '144.74', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boris Martinec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boris_Martinec', 'summary': 'Boris Martinec ( born 27 November 1988 in Zagreb ) is a Croatian former competitive figure skater . He is the 2006 Merano Cup bronze medalist and a seven-time ( 2004 , 2005 , 2007-11 ) Croatian national champion . He qualified to the free skate at the 2007 European Championships in Warsaw and 2009 European Championships in Helsinki .'}]}, {'value': 'Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croatia', 'summary': "Croatia ( /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) , kroh-AY-shə ; Croatian : Hrvatska , pronounced [ xř̩ʋaːtskaː ] ) , officially the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Republika Hrvatska , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ d ] is a country in Southeast Europe . It borders Slovenia to the northwest , Hungary to the northeast , Serbia to the east , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southeast , sharing a maritime border with Italy . Its capital , Zagreb , forms one of the country 's primary subdivisions , along with twenty counties . Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres ( 21,851 square miles ) and a population of 4.28 million , most of whom are Roman Catholics . Croatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age . The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century . Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925 , elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom , which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended , Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102 . In 1527 , faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne . In October 1918 , in the final days of World War I , the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs , independent from Austria-Hungary , was proclaimed in Zagreb , and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state , the Independent State of Croatia ."}]}, {'value': '144.02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tigran Vardanjan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tigran_Vardanjan', 'summary': 'Tigran Vardanjan ( born 26 March 1989 ) is a former competitive figure skater who represented Hungary . He is the 2007-2009 Hungarian national champion . Coached by his parents , Armenian-born Gurgen Vardanjan and Jeranjak Ipakjan , he trained in Budapest and occasionally in Nottingham , England . He is a student at the Budapest College of Communication and Business .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '143.96', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Damjan Ostojič', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damjan_Ostojič', 'summary': 'Damjan Ostojič ( born 26 October 1986 in Ljubljana , Slovenia ) is a Slovenian figure skater who represented both Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in competition . Representing Bosnia and Herzegovina , he is the 2007 Merano Cup silver medalist , and a three-time Bosnian national champion ( 2007-2009 ) . Representing Slovenia , he is a three-time Slovenian national silver medalist ( 2004 , 2006 , 2007 ) and a four-time Slovenian national bronze medalist ( 2001-2003 , 2005 ) . On the junior level for Slovenia , he is a two-time Dragon Trophy champion ( 2002 , 2004 ) and the 2005 Merano Cup silver medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina', 'summary': 'Bosnia and Herzegovina , [ a ] abbreviated BiH or B & H , [ b ] sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia , is a country of South and Southeast Europe , located within the Balkans . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bosnia and Herzegovina is an almost landlocked country - to the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea , about 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) long and surrounding the town of Neum . It is bordered by Serbia to the east , Montenegro to the southeast , and Croatia surrounding north and southwest . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest moderately hilly , and the northeast predominantly flatland . The inland , Bosnia , is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip , Herzegovina , has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography . Bosnia and Herzegovina traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it remained from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I .'}]}, {'value': '133.90', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgi Kenchadze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgi_Kenchadze', 'summary': 'Georgi Kenchadze ( born August 16 , 1986 in Tbilisi , Georgia ) is a Bulgarian figure skater of Georgian descent . He is the 2006 & 2007 Bulgarian national silver medalist and the 2005 national bronze medalist . He is a two-time competitor at the World Junior Championships . His twin brother , Leri Kenchadze , has competed in pair skating . George now competes for Bulgaria with his partner Sarah May Coward . They are the current Bulgarian National Ice Dance Champions .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '111.47', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ali Demirboga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ali_Demirboga', 'summary': 'Ali Demirboğa ( born August 2 , 1990 ) is a Turkish figure skater . He is a five-time ( 2010-2014 ) Turkish national champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '103.41', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eray Ozbal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '97.04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivor Mikolcevic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croatia', 'summary': "Croatia ( /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) , kroh-AY-shə ; Croatian : Hrvatska , pronounced [ xř̩ʋaːtskaː ] ) , officially the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Republika Hrvatska , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ d ] is a country in Southeast Europe . It borders Slovenia to the northwest , Hungary to the northeast , Serbia to the east , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southeast , sharing a maritime border with Italy . Its capital , Zagreb , forms one of the country 's primary subdivisions , along with twenty counties . Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres ( 21,851 square miles ) and a population of 4.28 million , most of whom are Roman Catholics . Croatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age . The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century . Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925 , elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom , which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended , Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102 . In 1527 , faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne . In October 1918 , in the final days of World War I , the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs , independent from Austria-Hungary , was proclaimed in Zagreb , and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state , the Independent State of Croatia ."}]}, {'value': '77.50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Men', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2009_Golden_Spin_of_Zagreb_0', 'intro': "The 2009 Golden Spin of Zagreb (Croatian: Zlatna pirueta Zagreba) was the Golden Spin of Zagreb competition for the 2009-2010 figure skating season. It was the 42nd edition of the Golden Spin of Zagreb to be held. The Golden Spin of Zagreb is an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Zagreb, Croatia. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The 2009 competition was held in the Dom Sportova on December 10-12, 2009. The compulsory dance was the Tango Romantica."}
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When was the Ukrainian competitor born ?
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9 March 1985
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02a13c68e5331e0b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Belgian_football_transfers_summer_2008', 'title': 'List of Belgian football transfers summer 2008', 'header': ['Date', 'Name', 'Moving from', 'Moving to', 'Fee'], 'data': [{'value': 'March 15 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christophe Copel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christophe_Copel', 'summary': 'Christophe Copel ( born August 20 , 1986 ) is a French football player currently playing for Boussu Dour Borinage .'}]}, {'value': 'UR Namur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_Royale_Namur', 'summary': 'Union Royale Namur - Fosses-La-Ville is a Belgian football club from the city of Namur . It currently plays in the third amateur division . The media simply refer to them as Les merles . Until 2018 , the team was known as UR Namur , however as the team faced relegation from the 2017-18 Belgian Third Amateur Division into the Belgian provincial leagues , the team instead merged with newly promoted Fosses to form Union Royale Namur Fosses-La-Ville and retain its place in the Belgian Third Amateur Division .'}]}, {'value': 'Dender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F._C._Verbroedering_Dender_E.H.', 'summary': 'Football Club Verbroedering Dender Eendracht Hekelgem , also simply known as Dender or Verbroedering Dender , is a Belgian association football club based in Denderleeuw . The club is named after former clubs KFC Denderleeuw Eendracht Hekelgem and Verbroedering Denderhoutem , which merged at the end of the 2004-05 season , and after the river Dender , which crosses the town of Denderleeuw . The home stadium of the club is Florent Beeckmanstadion , located in Denderleeuw . Their best league ranking was the 15th place in the first division ( in 2007-08 and 2008-09 ) . The club colours are blue and black .'}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 16 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Colpaert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Colpaert', 'summary': 'Steve Colpaert ( born 13 September 1986 ) is a Belgian former international footballer who played professionally as a defender .'}]}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F.C._Molenbeek_Brussels_Strombeek', 'summary': "R.W.D.M . Brussels F.C. , often simply referred to as F.C . Brussels or simply Brussels was a Belgian association football club based in the municipality of Molenbeek in the Brussels Capital-Region . They last played in the second division during the 2013-14 season where they finished 8th , but folded at the end of the season due to financial trouble . The club was a continuation of FC Strombeek , a club from the Brussels suburb of Strombeek-Bever with matricule №1936 which was formed in 1932 . However , Strombeek merged with Racing White Daring Molenbeek ( RWDM ) in the 2000s and practising the tradition of RWDM instead . FC Brussels played at the Stade Edmond Machtens , Molenbeek 's former stadium . Their highest league ranking was a 10th place in the first division in 2005-06 ."}]}, {'value': 'Zulte-Waregem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S.V._Zulte-Waregem', 'summary': 'Sportvereniging Zulte Waregem ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈspɔrtfəˌreːnəɣɪŋ ˈzɵltə ˈʋaːrəɣɛm ] ) , commonly known as Zulte Waregem or by their nickname Essevee ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ɛsəˈveː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Waregem , West Flanders . Zulte Waregem plays in the Belgian First Division A . Their highest finish at the highest level was second place in 2012-13 . They have won two Belgian Cups . They qualified for the 2006-07 UEFA Cup , losing in the round of 32 to Newcastle United . Also in the seasons 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 they managed to play in the Europa League group stages . On both occasions the club ended 3rd in their group . The club is a product of a partnership in 2001 between Zultse VV and KSV Waregem , a former first division regular . No merger was applied . Zulte Waregem first reached the highest level in Belgian football by winning the 2004-05 second division . The club uniforms are red and green . They play their home matches at the Regenboogstadion , the former stadium of KSV Waregem .'}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 17 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stijn Van Der Kelen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K.A.A._Gent', 'summary': "Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌʔɑtləˈtik ˌɑsoːˈʃaː ( t ) si ˈɣɛnt ] , English : Royal Athletic Association Ghent ) , often simply known as Ghent or by their nickname De Buffalo 's ( English : The Buffalos ) , is a Belgian sports club , based in the city of Ghent , East Flanders . Their football team is the best-known section within the club , who have been playing in the Belgian Pro League since the 1989-90 season . They won the national league once , in 2014-15 , in addition to three Belgian Cup victories . Ghent played their home matches in the Jules Ottenstadion in Gentbrugge from 1920 until 2013 , when they moved to the Ghelamco Arena . Their team colours are blue and white . The principal sponsor is the financial institution VDK NV . The field hockey and track and field divisions were founded in 1864 , making it one of the oldest sports clubs in Belgium . The club was then known under its French name La Gantoise ( and it is still referred to as such in the French-speaking part of Belgium ) . They changed their name to the current Dutch version in 1971 . The football division opened in 1900 . The nickname of the club is De Buffalo 's , a term coined after a visit of the original Buffalo Bill and his Wild West circus to the city in the early 20th century . Gent enjoyed its first spell at the highest level in Belgian football between 1913-14 and 1928-29 , and a second one from 1936-37 to 1966-67 ."}]}, {'value': 'Zulte-Waregem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S.V._Zulte-Waregem', 'summary': 'Sportvereniging Zulte Waregem ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈspɔrtfəˌreːnəɣɪŋ ˈzɵltə ˈʋaːrəɣɛm ] ) , commonly known as Zulte Waregem or by their nickname Essevee ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ɛsəˈveː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Waregem , West Flanders . Zulte Waregem plays in the Belgian First Division A . Their highest finish at the highest level was second place in 2012-13 . They have won two Belgian Cups . They qualified for the 2006-07 UEFA Cup , losing in the round of 32 to Newcastle United . Also in the seasons 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 they managed to play in the Europa League group stages . On both occasions the club ended 3rd in their group . The club is a product of a partnership in 2001 between Zultse VV and KSV Waregem , a former first division regular . No merger was applied . Zulte Waregem first reached the highest level in Belgian football by winning the 2004-05 second division . The club uniforms are red and green . They play their home matches at the Regenboogstadion , the former stadium of KSV Waregem .'}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 19 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sébastien Phiri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F.C._Molenbeek_Brussels_Strombeek', 'summary': "R.W.D.M . Brussels F.C. , often simply referred to as F.C . Brussels or simply Brussels was a Belgian association football club based in the municipality of Molenbeek in the Brussels Capital-Region . They last played in the second division during the 2013-14 season where they finished 8th , but folded at the end of the season due to financial trouble . The club was a continuation of FC Strombeek , a club from the Brussels suburb of Strombeek-Bever with matricule №1936 which was formed in 1932 . However , Strombeek merged with Racing White Daring Molenbeek ( RWDM ) in the 2000s and practising the tradition of RWDM instead . FC Brussels played at the Stade Edmond Machtens , Molenbeek 's former stadium . Their highest league ranking was a 10th place in the first division in 2005-06 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K.A.A._Gent', 'summary': "Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌʔɑtləˈtik ˌɑsoːˈʃaː ( t ) si ˈɣɛnt ] , English : Royal Athletic Association Ghent ) , often simply known as Ghent or by their nickname De Buffalo 's ( English : The Buffalos ) , is a Belgian sports club , based in the city of Ghent , East Flanders . Their football team is the best-known section within the club , who have been playing in the Belgian Pro League since the 1989-90 season . They won the national league once , in 2014-15 , in addition to three Belgian Cup victories . Ghent played their home matches in the Jules Ottenstadion in Gentbrugge from 1920 until 2013 , when they moved to the Ghelamco Arena . Their team colours are blue and white . The principal sponsor is the financial institution VDK NV . The field hockey and track and field divisions were founded in 1864 , making it one of the oldest sports clubs in Belgium . The club was then known under its French name La Gantoise ( and it is still referred to as such in the French-speaking part of Belgium ) . They changed their name to the current Dutch version in 1971 . The football division opened in 1900 . The nickname of the club is De Buffalo 's , a term coined after a visit of the original Buffalo Bill and his Wild West circus to the city in the early 20th century . Gent enjoyed its first spell at the highest level in Belgian football between 1913-14 and 1928-29 , and a second one from 1936-37 to 1966-67 ."}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 22 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thierry Berghmans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tubize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A.F.C._Tubize', 'summary': 'Association Football Clubs Tubize , also known as AFC Tubize is a Belgian football club located in the city of Tubize . The club last promoted to the first division in 2008 . The club was founded in 1990 as the result of a merger of two clubs , F.C . Tubize and Amis Réunis de Tubize .'}]}, {'value': 'Willebroek-Meerhof', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Hassan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Ahmed Hassan ( Egyptian Arabic : أحمد حسن ; born 2 May 1975 in Maghagha , Egypt ) is a retired Egyptian footballer . He played as an attacking midfielder or on the right wing for Egyptian national team . He is the most capped international male footballer in history , with 184 appearances for The Pharaohs . He is regarded as one of the best players in African football history .'}]}, {'value': 'Anderlecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R.S.C._Anderlecht', 'summary': 'Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɑndərlɛxt ] , French : [ ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt ] , German : [ ˈandɐlɛçt ] ) or RSCA ( Dutch : [ ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː , -seːˈʔaː ] , French : [ ɛʁɛsse.ɑ ] , German : [ ˌɛɐ̯ʔɛs.tseːˈʔaː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963-64 and 1967-68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921-22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935-36 and in Europe since 1964-65 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946-47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 14th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège .'}]}, {'value': 'Al Ahly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Ahly_SC', 'summary': "Al Ahly Sporting Club ( Arabic : النادي الأهلي للرياضة البدنية ) , commonly referred to as Al Ahly , is an Egyptian sports club based in Cairo . It is known as The Club of the Century in African football . It is best known for its professional football team that plays in the Egyptian Premier League , the top tier in the Egyptian football league system , and is the most decorated football club in Africa . It was founded on 24 April 1907 , as a gathering place for Cairo 's Student Unions . Al Ahly has a record of 41 national league titles , 36 national cups titles , and 11 national super cup titles making Al Ahly the most decorated club in Egypt . In addition , Al Ahly has never been relegated to the Egyptian Second Division . In international competitions , the club has won a record 8 CAF Champions League titles , a CAF Confederation Cup title , a record 6 CAF Super Cup titles , a record 4 African Cup Winners ' Cup titles , an Afro-Asian Club Championship title , an Arab Club Champions Cup title , an Arab Cup Winners ' Cup title , a record 2 Arab Super Cup titles , and won a bronze medal in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup . Al Ahly is the second most successful club in the world in terms of number of international titles ( 20 ) behind Real Madrid ( 26 ) . Al Ahly was awarded with the club of the century award in 2001 in guhansberg in South Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 28 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giuseppe Rossini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giuseppe_Rossini', 'summary': 'Giuseppe Rossini ( born 23 August 1986 ) is an Italian-born Belgian footballer who plays as a striker for Tamines in the Belgian Provincial Leagues .'}]}, {'value': 'Utrecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Utrecht', 'summary': "Football Club Utrecht ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ɛfˈseː ˈytrɛxt ] ) is a Dutch football club founded on 1 July 1970 and based in the city of Utrecht . The club 's colours are red and white ."}]}, {'value': 'Mechelen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Y.R._K.V._Mechelen', 'summary': "Yellow Red Koninklijke Voetbalclub Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˌjɛloː ˈrɛt ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌvudbɑlklʏp ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) , often simply called KV Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːˌveː ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) or KVM , or by their former French name FC Malinois , is a Belgian professional football club based in Mechelen in the Antwerp province . KV Mechelen plays in the Belgian First Division A . They have won four Belgian championships and twice the Belgian Cup , as well as the 1987-88 European Cup Winners ' Cup and the 1988 European Super Cup . They collected most of their honours in the 1940s and in the 1980s . KV Mechelen was founded in 1904 and , in 1921-22 , promoted to the first division . After two successive relegation and promotion , they were back for good between 1928-29 and 1955-56 . In the 1960s and 1970s , the club had several promotions and relegations between the first and second division . From 1983-84 to 1996-97 , they had a successful first division spell , with a title and several second- and third-place finishes . During that period , they also won a European Cup Winners ' Cup and they reached the same competition semi-finals as well as the European Cup quarter-finals . KV Mechelen declined in the late 1990s though they had two more spells at the highest level from 1999-2000 to 2000-01 and in 2002-03 . At the end of that season , the club did not receive their Belgian professional football license . They were therefore relegated to the third division with a nine-point penalty ."}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 31 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Stuckens', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tubize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A.F.C._Tubize', 'summary': 'Association Football Clubs Tubize , also known as AFC Tubize is a Belgian football club located in the city of Tubize . The club last promoted to the first division in 2008 . The club was founded in 1990 as the result of a merger of two clubs , F.C . Tubize and Amis Réunis de Tubize .'}]}, {'value': 'Woluwe-Zaventem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K.V._Woluwe-Zaventem', 'summary': 'K.V . Woluwe-Zaventem , mostly known as Woluwe-Zaventem is a Belgian football club located in the city of Zaventem . The club was founded in 1941 as Woluwe Sporting Club with matricule 3149 . In 1993 , the team merged with Wosjot Woluwe ( matricule 8836 , founded 1982 ) to form K.V . Wosjot Woluwe , with the matricule 8836 dissolving in the process . A last merger occurred in 2003 , when the team merged with K.V.K . Zaventem ( matricule 424 , founded 1921 and dissolved in the merger ) to form K.V . Woluwe-Zaventem .'}]}, {'value': 'Undisclosed', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sorted by date -- March 2008', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Belgian_football_transfers_summer_2008_2', 'intro': 'This is a list of Belgian football transfers for the 2008 summer transfer window. Only transfers involving a team from the Jupiler League are listed.'}
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In 2008 , what player was transferred from the best-known club in the league to a club with the nickname Essevee ?
|
Stijn Van Der Kelen
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02a1428150df1896
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALPG_Tour', 'title': 'ALPG Tour', 'header': ['Dates', 'Tournament', 'Location', 'Winner'], 'data': [{'value': 'Nov 12-13 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anita Boon Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Shore Golf Club , Auckland , New Zealand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stacey Keating ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stacey_Keating', 'summary': "Stacey Keating ( born 21 June 1986 ) is an Australian golfer who won the 2012 Open de France Dames and 2012 Open De España Femenino . Originally from Werneth , near Colac , Victoria , she and competed at the 2013 U.S. Women 's Open , where she missed the cut . Keating won twice on the Ladies European Tour in 2012 and finished sixth on the Order of Merit . In December 2013 , Keating earned conditional status on the LPGA Tour for the 2014 season by finishing tied for 38th place at the final stage of Q-school ."}]}, {'value': 'Dec 4-6 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Queens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Queens_(golf)', 'summary': "The Queens Presented by Kowa was a women 's professional team golf tournament held in Japan . The tournament was contested by teams representing the tours of Japan , Korea , Australia and Europe . Hosts Japan led from start to finish to win the inaugural tournament 4-6 December 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Miyoshi Country Club ( West Course )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JLPGA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JLPGA', 'summary': "The LPGA of Japan Tour is a professional golf tour for women organised by the Ladies Professional Golfers ' Association of Japan . It is the second richest women 's golf tour in the world . The U.S.-based LPGA Tour is the most important women 's tour , but the prize money gap has closed markedly since the American tour 's total prize fund peaked at just over $ 60 million in 2008 . While the Japan Tour is the second-most lucrative women 's tour , two other non-U.S. tours , the Ladies European Tour and the LPGA of Korea Tour , rival the Japan Tour in level of competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Jan 7-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moss Vale Ladies Classic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moss Vale Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miriam Nagl ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miriam_Nagl', 'summary': 'Miriam Nagl ( born 22 January 1981 ) is a Brazilian professional golfer that currently plays on the Ladies European Tour . Nagl was born in Curitiba , Brazil . Her family moved to Germany when she was eight years old and she represented Germany until 2015 . Nagl played college golf at Arizona State University for one year , then turned professional in 2001 . She played on the Futures Tour in 2002 , winning twice . She played on the LPGA Tour from 2003 to 2008 and on the Ladies European Tour from 2005 to 2009 . After returning to the Futures Tour for 2010 and 2011 , she has played on the Ladies European Tour since 2012 . In 2016 , she won the Moss Vale Ladies Classic on the ALPG Tour . Nagl took part in the 2016 Summer Olympics in her native country .'}]}, {'value': 'Jan 9-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mt Broughton Ladies Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mt_Broughton_Ladies_Classic', 'summary': "The Mount Broughton Classic was a women 's professional golf tournament held in Australia . It was first played on the ALPG Tour in 2011 and last played in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Broughton Golf and Country Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felicity Johnson ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felicity_Johnson_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Felicity Johnson ( born 26 February 1987 ) is an English professional golfer who has played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour . Johnson started playing golf at five years old and left school at 16 to pursue an amateur career . This was successful and she was named the Daily Telegraph Lady Golfer of the Year in 2005 after winning the 2005 English Amateur Champion , was a member of the 2005 winning Vagliano Trophy team , and won 2005 Spirit International as part of the England Team . Johnson turned professional in 2006 in and finished third at the 2008 ANZ Ladies Masters , the 2008 Göteborg Masters and the 2009 SAS Ladies Masters before earning her maiden win at the 2009 Tenerife Ladies Open at Golf Costa Adeje . She shot 62 ( −10 ) in the first round of 2008 Göteborg Masters at Lycke Golf Course , a Ladies European Tour record . She claimed her second win at the 2011 Lacoste Ladies Open de France , winning a playoff with Diana Luna , the second playoff loss at the tournament in a row for Luna who was beaten in identical circumstances by Trish Johnson the previous year . More recently she was runner-up at the 2015 Lalla Meryem Cup and 2016 ISPS Handa New Zealand Open . In 2018 , the R & A-supported Golf Foundation named her an official Ambassador .'}]}, {'value': 'Jan 14-15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bing Lee Fujitsu General Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oatlands Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stacey Keating ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stacey_Keating', 'summary': "Stacey Keating ( born 21 June 1986 ) is an Australian golfer who won the 2012 Open de France Dames and 2012 Open De España Femenino . Originally from Werneth , near Colac , Victoria , she and competed at the 2013 U.S. Women 's Open , where she missed the cut . Keating won twice on the Ladies European Tour in 2012 and finished sixth on the Order of Merit . In December 2013 , Keating earned conditional status on the LPGA Tour for the 2014 season by finishing tied for 38th place at the final stage of Q-school ."}]}, {'value': 'Jan 19-19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mulpha Norwest Ladies Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castle Hill Golf and Country Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathryn Bristow ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathryn_Bristow', 'summary': 'Cathryn Bristow ( born 14 November 1984 ) is a New Zealand professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': 'Jan 21-22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Key Financial Ladies Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pennant Hills Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laura Jansone ( 1 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Shore Ladies Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Reef Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathryn Bristow ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathryn_Bristow', 'summary': 'Cathryn Bristow ( born 14 November 1984 ) is a New Zealand professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': 'Feb 4-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oates Victorian Open', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Women's_Victorian_Open", 'summary': "The Women 's Victorian Open is an annual golf tournament held in Australia . It was founded in 1988 and played annually through 1992 . After a 20-year hiatus it returned in 2012 as a tournament on the ALPG Tour . This was the first time the men 's Victorian Open and women 's Victorian Open were held concurrently - making it the only professional golf tournament in the world where men and women played the same courses , at the same time , for equal prize money . In 2013 , the men 's and women 's Victorian Opens moved to 13th Beach Golf Links in Barwon Heads , southwest of Melbourne , near the southwest shore ( Bass Strait ) of the Bellarine Peninsula . When the tournament moved to 13th Beach Golf Links in 2013 , the combined prize pool was A $ 300,000 , with $ 150,000 on offer for each of the men 's and women 's fields . In six years , the total prize pool has increased ten-fold , with the 2019 men 's and women 's Victorian Open fields to be playing for a total purse of $ 3 million ( $ 1.5 million each ) . Since 2017 , the event became co-sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour and the ALPG Tour . Like its men 's counterpart , it is a two-cut tournament . The field is reduced to 60 after the second round and 35 after the third round ; those who fail to make the second cut earn prize money . Starting in 2019 , the event is now co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour , and will continue to be played alongside the men 's Victorian Open , now co-sanctioned by the European Tour . The double cut continues ; 65 players will remain after the first cut , then 35 players after the Saturday cut ."}]}, {'value': '13th Beach Golf Links', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia Hall ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hall', 'summary': 'Georgia Kelly Hall MBE ( born 12 April 1996 ) is an English professional golfer who plays on the Ladies European Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Feb 11-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': "ISPS Handa New Zealand Women 's Open", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/ISPS_Handa_New_Zealand_Women's_Open", 'summary': "The New Zealand Women 's Open is a women 's professional golf tournament on the ALPG Tour . It was founded in 2009 and became a co-sanctioned event on the Ladies European Tour the following year . The 2017 edition was co-sanctioned by the LPGA Tour and not the LET ."}]}, {'value': 'Clearwater Golf Club , Christchurch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lydia Ko ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lydia_Ko', 'summary': "Lydia Ko MNZM ( born 24 April 1997 ) is a Korean-born New Zealand professional golfer who became the No . 1-ranked woman professional golfer on 2 February 2015 at 17 years , 9 months and 9 days of age , making her the youngest player of either gender to be ranked No . 1 in professional golf . Upon winning The Evian Championship in France on 13 September 2015 , she became the youngest woman , at age 18 years , 4 months and 20 days , to win a major championship . Her closing round of 63 was a record lowest final round in the history of women 's golf majors . On 3 April 2016 , she won the ANA Inspiration , for her second consecutive major championship , where she also became the youngest player to win two women 's major championships . Since turning professional in 2014 , Ko has career winnings of $ 10,031,335 as of 21 September 2019 . Additionally , she is the first LPGA Tour player to win at least $ 2,000,000 in each of her first three full seasons on Tour . She had been the top-ranked woman amateur golfer in the world for 130 weeks when she announced she was turning professional on 23 October 2013 . She became the youngest person ever to win a professional golf tour event and youngest person ever to win an LPGA Tour event . In August 2013 , she became the only amateur to win two LPGA Tour events . As an amateur she never missed a cut in 25 professional tournaments , and by September 2013 had risen to fifth in the Women 's World Golf Rankings in only 23 professional tournaments ."}]}, {'value': 'Feb 18-21', 'urls': []}, {'value': "ISPS Handa Women 's Australian Open", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/ISPS_Handa_Women's_Australian_Open", 'summary': "The Women 's Australian Open is a women 's professional golf tournament played in Australia , operated by Golf Australia and the ALPG Tour , long co-sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour ( LET ) . Beginning with the 2012 event , it is also co-sanctioned by the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . In 2008 , it was the second-richest women 's golf tournament on the ALPG Tour , with a prize fund of A $ 500,000 , and was raised to A $ 600,000 in 2010 . With the co-sanctioning by the LPGA , the total purse was nearly doubled , and was also fixed in U.S. dollars . The purse was US $ 1.1 million in 2012 , and increased again to its current level of US $ 1.2 million for 2013 . Since 2011 , the tournament 's name has been the ISPS Handa Women 's Australian Open . The Australian Ladies Open was founded in 1974 as a 54-hole event , but folded after 1978 . It was resurrected in 1994 as the Women 's Australian Open , this time as a 72-hole event . Annika Sörenstam won that year , which was her first professional win . It was also Karrie Webb 's professional debut , and she would later win the event five times . Starting in 2000 , the Ladies European Tour began co-sanctioning the tournament . Following the 2004 event , sponsorship difficulties caused the tournament to stop once again , but after a two-year hiatus the tournament returned in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Grange Golf Course ( West Course )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haru Nomura ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haru_Nomura', 'summary': 'Harukyo Nomura ( Japanese : 野村敏京 ; Korean : 문민경 ; born 25 November 1992 ) is a Japanese female professional golfer . Having a Korean mother and Japanese father , Nomura moved to South Korea at the age of five and lived in Seoul until she graduated from the Myongji High School . In 2011 , she selected Japanese nationality .'}]}, {'value': 'Feb 25-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RACV Ladies Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RACV_Ladies_Masters', 'summary': "The RACV Gold Coast Challenge was a golf tournament played in Australia . It was one of the leading tournaments on the ALPG Tour and was co-sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour ( LET ) since 2001 . Between 1997 and 2000 it was an event on the LPGA Tour . It has been played at the RACV Royal Pines Resort in Benowa , Queensland , a suburb of Gold Coast since 1992 . In 2007 the Masters was the richest women 's golf tournament in Australia , with a prize fund of A $ 800,000 . Although the 2008 prize fund dropped to A $ 600,000 , the tournament remained the richest in Australia . The 144 strong 2015 field consisted of 50 ALPG players , 50 LET players , 10 LPGA of Korea Tour players , 5 China Ladies Professional Golf Association players , 3 leading players from the Women 's World Golf Rankings and sponsor 's invitees . The tournament was founded in 1990 as a 54-hole stroke play event , and was originally called the Australian Ladies Masters . It expanded to 72 holes in 1994 . Australia 's most successful women golfer Karrie Webb won the event a record eight times ."}]}, {'value': 'Royal Pines Resort', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiyai Shin ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiyai_Shin', 'summary': "Jiyai Shin ( Korean : 신지애 Shin Ji-ae , [ ɕin dʑi.ɛː ] ; born 28 April 1988 ) is a former world No . 1 ranked South Korean professional golfer who primarily plays on the LPGA of Japan Tour as of the 2019 golf season . Shin previously played primarily on the LPGA Tour and the LPGA of Korea Tour ( KLPGA ) . She has broken existing KLPGA records , winning 10 events in 19 starts on the KLPGA Tour in 2007 . In 2008 , playing only 10 tournaments on the LPGA Tour as a non-member , she won three events , including the Women 's British Open and the ADT Championship . She has been ranked No . 1 in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for 25 weeks and was the first Asian to be ranked No . 1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mar 1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane Invitational', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McLeod Country Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stacey Keating ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stacey_Keating', 'summary': "Stacey Keating ( born 21 June 1986 ) is an Australian golfer who won the 2012 Open de France Dames and 2012 Open De España Femenino . Originally from Werneth , near Colac , Victoria , she and competed at the 2013 U.S. Women 's Open , where she missed the cut . Keating won twice on the Ladies European Tour in 2012 and finished sixth on the Order of Merit . In December 2013 , Keating earned conditional status on the LPGA Tour for the 2014 season by finishing tied for 38th place at the final stage of Q-school ."}]}, {'value': 'Mar 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BWAC Regional Services ALPG Pro Am', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yamba Golf Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katelyn Must ( 1 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2016 Schedule and results', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'ALPG_Tour_7', 'intro': "The ALPG Tour is a professional golf tour for women which is based in Australia. ALPG stands for Australian Ladies Professional Golf. The ALPG was founded as the Ladies Professional Golf Association of Australia (LPGAA) in 1972 by Alan Gillott, who also later on founded The Golfer newspaper, a free publication provided to golfers and golf clubs, Australia-wide. The LPGAA switched to its current name (ALPG) in 1991. The first events featured twelve competitors, and the early years were a struggle. However the long term trend was of gradual expansion and by 2004 there were over 150 members. The season features about a dozen tournaments, usually played over the Australian summer between November and March. The ANZ Ladies Masters and MFS Women's Australian Open have long been the leading events on the tour, with both being co-sanctioned with the more prestigious Ladies European Tour (LET) which helps attract a higher quality field. In 2010 the New Zealand Women's Open became the third tournament to be co-sanctioned by the LET. The ANZ Masters, the Australian Open and the New Zealand Open have prize funds of A$600,000, A$500,000 and A$400,000 respectively, each higher than the prize funds of all 10 remaining events combined. The New South Wales Open and the Royal Canberra Ladies Classic have purses of A$100,000 and A$125,000 respectively, and no other event has a purse of over A$25,000. Since 2012, the Women's Australian Open has also been co-sanctioned by the U.S. LPGA Tour; in its first year as an LPGA Tour event, the prize fund increased to US$1.1 million."}
| null | null |
How old was the winner of the Mt Broughton Ladies Classic when she first began playing golf ?
|
five
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02a2dd13bb80b023
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ViacomCBS_television_programs', 'title': 'List of ViacomCBS television programs', 'header': ['Title', 'Network', 'Years', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Minority Report', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minority_Report_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Minority Report is an American science-fiction crime drama television series that aired on Fox from September 21 , to November 30 , 2015 . It was developed by Max Borenstein and it is a sequel adaptation to the 2002 film of the same name based on the 1956 science fiction short story The Minority Report by Philip K. Dick . It is produced by Amblin Television , Paramount Television ( whose film studio co-owns the film via the pre-2005 DreamWorks library ) , and 20th Century Fox Television ( whose film studio co-produced the film ) . It is the first Steven Spielberg-directed movie to be adapted for TV . On October 9 , 2015 , Fox announced that the series order was cut from 13 episodes to 10 . On May 13 , 2016 , Fox officially cancelled the series .'}]}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the 2002 movie by DreamWorks Pictures . with Amblin Television and 20th Century Fox Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)', 'summary': "Minority Report is a 2002 American cyberpunk crime film directed by Steven Spielberg and loosely based on the 1956 short story The Minority Report by Philip K. Dick . It is set primarily in Washington , D.C. , and Northern Virginia in the year 2054 , where PreCrime , a specialized police department , apprehends criminals based on foreknowledge provided by psychics called precogs . The cast includes Tom Cruise as Chief of PreCrime John Anderton , Colin Farrell as Department of Justice agent Danny Witwer , Samantha Morton as the senior precog Agatha , and Max von Sydow as Anderton 's superior Lamar Burgess . The film combines elements of tech noir , whodunit , thriller and science fiction genres , as well as a traditional chase film , as the main protagonist is accused of a crime he has not committed and becomes a fugitive . Spielberg has characterized the story as fifty percent character and fifty percent very complicated storytelling with layers and layers of murder mystery and plot . The film 's central theme is the question of free will versus determinism . It examines whether free will can exist if the future is set and known in advance . Other themes include the role of preventive government in protecting its citizenry , the role of media in a future state where technological advancements make its presence nearly boundless , the potential legality of an infallible prosecutor , and Spielberg 's repeated theme of broken families . Some would consider it a dystopian film , rather than neo-noir . The film was first optioned in 1992 , as a sequel to another Dick adaptation , Total Recall , and started its development in 1997 , after a script by Jon Cohen reached Spielberg and Cruise . Production suffered many delays due to Cruise 's Mission : Impossible 2 and Spielberg 's A.I . running over schedule , eventually starting in March 2001 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures', 'summary': "DreamWorks Pictures ( also known as DreamWorks SKG or DreamWorks Studios , commonly referred to as DreamWorks ) is an American film production label of Amblin Partners . It was founded in 1994 as a film studio by Steven Spielberg , Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen ( together , SKG ) , of which they owned 72% . The studio was formerly distributing its own and third-party films by itself . It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses of more than $ 100 million each . In December 2005 , the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom , parent of Paramount Pictures . The sale was completed in February 2006 ( this version is now named DW Studios ) . In 2008 , DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and signed a $ 1.5 billion deal to produce films with India 's Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group , re-creating DreamWorks Pictures into an independent entity . The following year , DreamWorks entered into a distribution agreement with Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , wherein Disney would distribute DreamWorks films through Touchstone Pictures ; the deal continued until 2016 . As of October 2016 , DreamWorks ' films are marketed and distributed by Universal Pictures . Currently , DreamWorks operates out of offices at Universal Studios Hollywood . DreamWorks ' former feature animation unit , now known as DreamWorks Animation ( which currently owns the DreamWorks trademarks ) , was spun off in 2004 , and as of August 2016 is a subsidiary of NBCUniversal . Spielberg 's company continues to use the DreamWorks trademarks under license from DreamWorks Animation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amblin_Entertainment', 'summary': "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg , and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981 . The company 's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City , California . The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name ."}, {'url': '/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television', 'summary': "Twentieth Century Fox Television ( or TCF TV or TCFTV , stylized as 20th Century Fox Television ) is a television-production studio owned by Walt Disney Television , a division of The Walt Disney Company . 20th Television is the syndication and distribution arm of 20th Century Fox Television . 20th Century Fox Television was part of Disney 's 2019 acquisition of the majority 21st Century Fox assets . Disney 's acquisition of 21st Century Fox was completed on March 20 , 2019. Notable shows produced by 20th Century Fox Television include : Batman , M*A*S*H , Glee , How I Met Your Mother , Bones , Empire , Family Guy , 24 , Modern Family , This Is Us , American Dad ! , Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Futurama , King of the Hill , New Girl , American Horror Story and most notably The X-Files and The Simpsons ."}]}, {'value': 'Vinyl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinyl_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Vinyl is an American period drama television series created by Mick Jagger , Martin Scorsese , Rich Cohen and Terence Winter . The series stars Bobby Cannavale as Richie Finestra , a record executive in the 1970s . It premiered on HBO on February 14 , 2016 , and concluded on April 17 , 2016 . From a teleplay by Winter and George Mastras , and story by Cohen , Jagger , Scorsese and Winter , the pilot episode was directed by Scorsese . The first season consisted of ten episodes . Scorsese had hoped to direct further episodes of the series . Winter left his position as showrunner at the end of the first season due to creative differences , leaving the position to Scott Z. Burns . HBO announced the renewal of Vinyl for a second season on February 18 , 2016 , soon after the pilot episode premiered . However , on June 22 , 2016 , HBO reversed that decision and cancelled the series . HBO head of programming Casey Bloys said of the decision , It did n't land . With limited resources , we did n't think the retooling was worth the producers ' time if it would only move the needle a little bit . In October 2018 , Scorsese admitted to being heartbroken over the cancellation , describing the decision as tragic , while also saying that in his opinion , the series would have had a better chance at succeeding if he had been more hands-on with his involvement and directed all episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'HBO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HBO', 'summary': 'HBO ( Home Box Office ) is an American premium television network owned by Home Box Office , Inc. , a subsidiary of WarnerMedia Entertainment . The programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television shows , along with made-for-cable movies , documentaries and occasional comedy and concert specials . HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service ( basic or premium ) in the United States , having been in operation since November 8 , 1972 . In 2016 , HBO had an adjusted operating income of US $ 1.93 billion , compared to the US $ 1.88 billion it accrued in 2015 . HBO has 140 million subscribers worldwide as of 2018 [ update ] . The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels , including HBO Comedy , HBO Latino , HBO Signature , and HBO Family . It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 5 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2018 [ update ] .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'with Jagged Productions , Sikelia Productions and Cold Front Productions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'School of Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/School_of_Rock_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'School of Rock is an American musical-comedy television series developed by Jim Armogida and Steve Armogida that aired on Nickelodeon from March 12 , 2016 to April 8 , 2018 . The series is based on the 2003 film of the same name and stars Breanna Yde , Ricardo Hurtado , Jade Pettyjohn , Lance Lim , Aidan Miner , Tony Cavalero , and Jama Williamson .'}]}, {'value': 'Nickelodeon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nickelodeon', 'summary': 'Nickelodeon ( often shortened to Nick ) is an American pay television network which was launched on December 1 , 1977 , as the first cable channel for children . It is owned by ViacomCBS through its domestic networks division and is based in New York City . It broadcasts usually from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays ( the sign off time varies with holidays and special programming ) , Saturdays from 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. , and Sundays from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ( Eastern and Pacific Time ) . It is primarily aimed at children aged 2-11 . The channel was originally first tested as Pinwheel on December 1 , 1977 . Pinwheel was at the time only available on QUBE , which was the first two-way major market interactive cable television system , owned by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment . Pinwheel relaunched as Nick on April 1 , 1979 , and expanded to other cable providers nationwide . It was initially commercial-free and remained without advertising until 1984 . Warner-Amex sold Nickelodeon , along with its sister networks MTV and VH1 , to Viacom in 1986 . As of September 2018 [ update ] , the channel is available to about 87.167 million households in the United States .'}]}, {'value': '2016-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the 2003 movie . First Paramount Television series produced for Nickelodeon . with Armogida Brothers Productions and Passable Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/School_of_Rock', 'summary': "School of Rock is a 2003 comedy film directed by Richard Linklater , produced by Scott Rudin , and written by Mike White . The film stars Jack Black , Joan Cusack , Mike White , and Sarah Silverman . Black plays struggling rock guitarist Dewey Finn , who is kicked out of his band and subsequently disguises himself as a substitute teacher at a prestigious prep school . After witnessing the musical talent of his students , Dewey forms a band of fifth-graders to attempt to win the upcoming Battle of the Bands and pay off his rent . School of Rock was released on October 3 , 2003 , by Paramount Pictures , grossing $ 131 million worldwide on a $ 35 million budget . The film received positive reviews from critics , with praise for Black 's performance . It was the highest grossing music-themed comedy of all time , until it was overtaken in 2015 by Pitch Perfect 2 . A stage musical adaptation opened on Broadway in December 2015 , and a television adaptation for Nickelodeon premiered on March 12 , 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Berlin Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin_Station_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Berlin Station is an American drama television series created by Olen Steinhauer . The series stars Richard Armitage , Rhys Ifans , Leland Orser , Michelle Forbes , and Richard Jenkins . Bradford Winters had been showrunner for its first two seasons , with Jason Horwitch taking over for season 3 . A ten-episode first season premiered on Epix on October 16 , 2016 . On November 17 , 2016 , Epix renewed Berlin Station for a second season , originally planned to contain ten episodes , which premiered on October 15 , 2017 and concluded a nine-episode-season-run on December 3 , 2017 . On December 6 , 2017 , Epix renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on December 2 , 2018 . It was canceled on March 29 , 2019 after three seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Epix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Epix_(TV_network)', 'summary': "Epix ( pronounced epics and stylized as ePix ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The channel 's programming consists of recent and older theatrically released motion pictures , original series , documentaries , and music and comedy specials . Launched in October 2009 , Epix is the youngest of the major premium television channels in the United States , and is currently led by President Michael Wright . Since he joined the network in November 2017 , Epix has announced many new series including Godfather of Harlem starring Forest Whitaker , Pennyworth , the origin story of Batman 's butler Alfred , Perpetual Grace , LTD starring Ben Kingsley and Jimmi Simpson , Deep State , unscripted series Unprotected Sets executive produced by Wanda Sykes and the return of The Contender . Epix and , depending on the carriage of any of the latter services , its three multiplex channels are sold by most traditional multichannel video programming distributors either as premium services or as part of a la carte digital movie tiers as well as by over-the-top MVPDs Sling TV ( which includes the full Epix multiplex with Epix Drive-In available to all base subscribers and the remaining Epix channels offered as a premium add-on ) and PlayStation Vue ( which offers the multiplex service Epix Hits and its video-on-demand service as a premium add-on ) ."}]}, {'value': '2016-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'with Third State , Harbor Men Pictures , Vanessa Productions , LTD. and Anonymous Content', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anonymous_Content', 'summary': 'Anonymous Content is an entertainment company founded in 1999 by CEO Steve Golin . It is based in Los Angeles with its offices in Culver City and New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooter_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Shooter is an American drama television series based on the 2007 film of the same name and the novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter . The show stars Ryan Phillippe in the lead role of Bob Lee Swagger , a retired Marine sniper living in seclusion who is coaxed back into action after learning of a plot to kill the President . USA Network picked up the pilot in August 2015 and ordered the series in February 2016 . The series was originally set to premiere on July 19 , 2016 , but it was postponed to July 26 due to the July 7 Dallas police officer shootings . USA pulled it entirely after the Baton Rouge police officer shootings on July 17 . On October 3 , 2016 , USA announced that the new premiere date for Shooter would be November 15 , 2016 . On December 19 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on July 18 , 2017 . On December 4 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a third season . On August 15 , 2018 , USA Network canceled Shooter after three seasons , and its final episode aired on September 13 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'USA Network', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USA_Network', 'summary': 'USA Network ( on-air simply as USA , stylized as usa since 2005 ) is an American pay television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group division of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . It was originally launched in 1977 as Madison Square Garden Sports Network , one of the first national sports cable television channels , before being relaunched as USA Network in 1980 . Once a minor player in basic-tier pay television , USA has steadily gained popularity due to its original programming ; it is one of four major subscription-television networks ( with TBS , TNT and FX ) that also broadcasts syndicated reruns of current and former network television ( i.e. , terrestrial ) series and theatrically-released feature films , as well as limited sports programming and WWE . As of September 2018 , USA Network is available to about 90.4 million households ( 98% of households with pay television ) in the US .'}]}, {'value': '2016-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the 2007 movie . Originally was set up at TNT before the project was put on turnaround . with Leverage Entertainment , Closest to the Hole Productions and Universal Cable Productions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooter_(2007_film)', 'summary': 'Shooter is a 2007 American action thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua based on the 1993 novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter . The film follows Force Recon veteran Bob Lee Swagger ( Mark Wahlberg ) , who is framed for murder by a rogue unit of personnel operating for a private military firm . The film also stars Michael Peña , Danny Glover , Kate Mara , Levon Helm , and Ned Beatty and was released in the United States on March 23 , 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Universal_Content_Productions', 'summary': 'Universal Content Productions ( UCP ) is a television production company operating within the NBCUniversal Content Studios division of NBCUniversal .'}]}, {'value': 'A Series of Unfortunate Events', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events , or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events , is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix , developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld , based on Lemony Snickets children 's novel series of the same name . It stars Neil Patrick Harris , Patrick Warburton , Malina Weissman , Louis Hynes , K. Todd Freeman , and Presley Smith ; Lucy Punch , Avi Lake , and Dylan Kingwell join the cast in the second season . As with the book series , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events follows the misadventures of the three Baudelaire children , Violet , Klaus , and Sunny , following the deaths of their parents in the destruction of their home . While the children are shuffled between various foster homes , they are pursued by Count Olaf who desires to gain control of the vast Baudelaire inheritance before the children come of age . Along the way , the Baudelaires discover their parents ' connections to an elusive secret society . The first season , which premiered on January 13 , 2017 , consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books of the series . The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30 , 2018 , consisting of ten episodes and adapting books five through nine . The third and final season , which was announced in April 2017 and released on January 1 , 2019 , consists of seven episodes and adapts the remaining four books . All three seasons have received critical acclaim , with critics commending its production design , writing , faithfulness to the books and the performances of its cast , particularly Harris as Count Olaf ."}]}, {'value': 'Netflix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netflix', 'summary': "Netflix , Inc. ( /ˈnɛtflɪks/ ) is an American media-services provider and production company headquartered in Los Gatos , California , founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley , California . The company 's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television programs , including those produced in-house . As of April 2019 , Netflix had over 148 million paid subscriptions worldwide , including 60 million in the United States , and over 154 million subscriptions total including free trials.Although Netflix has decided to end its free one-month trial offer for maximum countries on February 2020 . It is available worldwide except in mainland China ( due to local restrictions ) , Syria , North Korea , and Crimea ( due to U.S. sanctions ) . The company also has offices in the Netherlands , Brazil , India , Japan , and South Korea . Netflix is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . Netflix 's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail , but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company 's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business . Netflix expanded its business in 2010 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business . The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada , followed by Latin America and the Caribbean . Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2012 , debuting its first series Lilyhammer . Since 2012 , Netflix has taken more of an active role as producer and distributor for both film and television series , and to that end , it offers a variety of Netflix Original content through its online library . By January 2016 , Netflix services operated in more than 190 countries ."}]}, {'value': '2017-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the book of the same name with Sonnenfeld Productions , Inc. and What is the Question ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events', 'summary': "A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels written by American author Daniel Handler under the pen name Lemony Snicket . Although they are classified children 's novels , the books often have a dark , mysterious feeling to them . The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet , Klaus , and Sunny Baudelaire . After their parents ' death in a fire , the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative , Count Olaf , who attempts to steal their inheritance and , later , orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee . As the plot progresses , the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D. , with connections to Olaf , their parents , and many other relatives . The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket , who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest , Beatrice , and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires ' story . Characterized by Victorian Gothic tones and absurdist textuality , the books are noted for their dark humor , sarcastic storytelling , and anachronistic elements , as well as frequent cultural and literary allusions . They have been classified as postmodern and metafictional writing , with the plot evolution throughout the later novels being cited as an exploration of the psychological process of transition from the idyllic innocence of childhood to the moral complexity of maturity . Likewise , the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence , as the nature of some of the Baudelaires ' actions becomes increasingly harder to discern from those of their antagonist counterparts and more characters are revealed to be responsible for permanent wrongdoing , despite their identification with the self-proclaimed good side of the tale . Since the release of the first novel , The Bad Beginning , in September 1999 , the books have gained significant popularity , critical acclaim , and commercial success worldwide , spawning a film , a video game , assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix . The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages . Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released , including Lemony Snicket : The Unauthorized Autobiography , The Beatrice Letters and the noir prequel tetralogy All the Wrong Questions , which chronicles Snicket 's childhood ."}]}, {'value': '13 Reasons Why', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/13_Reasons_Why', 'summary': "13 Reasons Why ( stylized onscreen as TH1RTEEN R3ASONS WHY ) is an American teen drama web television series originally developed for Netflix as limited series by Brian Yorkey , based on the 2007 novel Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher . The series revolves around seventeen-year-old high school student Clay Jensen and his deceased friend Hannah Baker , who takes her own life after having to face a culture of gossip , bullying and sexual assault at her high school and a lack of support from her friends , her family and her school . A box of cassette tapes recorded by Hannah in the weeks preceding her suicide detail why she chose to end her life . The series is produced by July Moon Productions , Kicked to the Curb Productions , Anonymous Content and Paramount Television , with Yorkey and Diana Son serving as showrunners . Dylan Minnette stars as Clay Jensen , while Katherine Langford plays Hannah Baker . Christian Navarro , Alisha Boe , Brandon Flynn , Justin Prentice , Miles Heizer , Ross Butler , Devin Druid , Amy Hargreaves , Derek Luke , Kate Walsh , and Brian d'Arcy James also star . A film from Universal Pictures based on Thirteen Reasons Why began development in February 2011 , with Selena Gomez set to star as Hannah , before being shelved in favor of a television series and Netflix ordering an adaptation as a limited series in October 2015 , with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer . The first season ( launched as initial miniseries ) was released on Netflix on March 31 , 2017 . It received positive reviews from critics and audiences , who praised its subject matter and acting , particularly the performances of Minnette and Langford . For her performance , Langford received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress - Television Series Drama . However , its graphic depiction of issues such as suicide and rape ( along with other mature content ) prompted concerns from mental health professionals . In response , Netflix added a warning card and from March 2018 on , a video that plays at the start of each season warning viewers about its themes ."}]}, {'value': 'Netflix', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the book of the same name with July Moon Productions , Kicked to the Curb Productions , and Anonymous Content', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thirteen_Reasons_Why', 'summary': 'Thirteen Reasons Why is a young adult novel written in 2007 by Jay Asher . It is the story of a young high school student as she descends into despair brought on by betrayal and bullying , culminating with her suicide . She details the thirteen reasons why she was driven to end her life in an audio diary which is mailed to a friend two weeks after her death . Thirteen Reasons Why has received recognition and awards from several young adult literary associations , and the paperback edition reached No . 1 on the New York Times Best Seller list in July 2011 . A screenplay was written , based on the original release of the book , that became the basis of the dramatic television series 13 Reasons Why released through Netflix on March 31 , 2017 . The screenplay contains several deviations from the book , including additional characters and storylines .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anonymous_Content', 'summary': 'Anonymous Content is an entertainment company founded in 1999 by CEO Steve Golin . It is based in Los Angeles with its offices in Culver City and New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'The Alienist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Alienist_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Alienist is an American period drama television series based on the novel of the same name by Caleb Carr . The ten-episode limited series first aired on TNT as a sneak peek on January 21 , 2018 , before its official premiere on January 22 , 2018 , and ended on March 26 , 2018 . The series stars Daniel Brühl , Luke Evans , and Dakota Fanning as an ad hoc team assembled in mid-1890s New York City to investigate a serial killer who is murdering street children . The series incorporates fact with fiction by including the characters that are historical figures , such as Theodore Roosevelt , who held the post of police commissioner from 1895 to 1897 . On August 16 , 2018 , TNT ordered a sequel series based upon the follow-up novel The Angel of Darkness .'}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TNT_(U.S._TV_network)', 'summary': "TNT ( originally an abbreviation for Turner Network Television ) is an American subscription television network that is owned by WarnerMedia Entertainment , a unit of AT & T 's WarnerMedia . When TNT launched in October 1988 , the channel 's original purpose was to air classic films and television series to which Turner Broadcasting maintained spillover rights through its sister channel SuperStation TBS ( now simply TBS ) ; however , since June 2001 , its programming consists of television series and feature films with a focus on drama , along with some sports ( including NBA games , the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament , UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Europa League Final and AEW Dynamite ) . As of September 2018 [ update ] , TNT was received by approximately 89.573 million households that subscribe to a subscription television service throughout the United States ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Anonymous Content and Studio T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maniac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)', 'summary': "Maniac is an American psychological dark comedy-drama web television miniseries that premiered on September 21 , 2018 , on Netflix . It was created by Patrick Somerville and directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga and is loosely based on the Norwegian television series of the same name by Espen PA Lervaag , Håakon Bast Mossige , Kjetil Indregard , and Ole Marius Araldsen . The series follows two strangers who connect during a mind-bending pharmaceutical trial and stars Emma Stone , Jonah Hill , Justin Theroux , Sonoya Mizuno , Gabriel Byrne , and Sally Field . The series was officially announced in March 2016 , with Netflix ordering the production straight-to-series that same month . Upon release , the series received positive reviews from critics , with many praising its visuals , direction and acting , particularly the performances of Stone and Hill . The series received multiple accolades including nominations for Stone 's performance , both at the 23rd Satellite Awards and the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards , and for the series ' overall writing at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Netflix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netflix', 'summary': "Netflix , Inc. ( /ˈnɛtflɪks/ ) is an American media-services provider and production company headquartered in Los Gatos , California , founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley , California . The company 's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television programs , including those produced in-house . As of April 2019 , Netflix had over 148 million paid subscriptions worldwide , including 60 million in the United States , and over 154 million subscriptions total including free trials.Although Netflix has decided to end its free one-month trial offer for maximum countries on February 2020 . It is available worldwide except in mainland China ( due to local restrictions ) , Syria , North Korea , and Crimea ( due to U.S. sanctions ) . The company also has offices in the Netherlands , Brazil , India , Japan , and South Korea . Netflix is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . Netflix 's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail , but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company 's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business . Netflix expanded its business in 2010 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business . The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada , followed by Latin America and the Caribbean . Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2012 , debuting its first series Lilyhammer . Since 2012 , Netflix has taken more of an active role as producer and distributor for both film and television series , and to that end , it offers a variety of Netflix Original content through its online library . By January 2016 , Netflix services operated in more than 190 countries ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Anonymous Content', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Condor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Condor_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Condor is an American thriller television series based on the novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady and its 1975 film adaptation Three Days of the Condor written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel . The series was created by Todd Katzberg , Jason Smilovic , and Ken Robinson and premiered on June 6 , 2018 on Audience . In July 2018 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season .'}]}, {'value': 'Audience', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Audience_(TV_network)', 'summary': "Audience Network , also simply known as Audience since 2016 , is a moribund American pay television channel that is owned by DirecTV . It features a mix of original and acquired series , specials , and feature films . The network operates as a commercial-free service and broadcasts its programming without editing for content . It was originally exclusive to DirecTV . However , after AT & T 's acquisition of DirecTV it became available on AT & T U-verse . It is also available on subscription streaming service DirecTV Now , and the lower budget AT & T Watch TV service . As of 2019 , the channel has a subscription base of 26 million ."}]}, {'value': '2018-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inspired by Sydney Pollacks 1975 political thriller Three Days of the Condor . Co-production with Skydance Media and MGM Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Three_Days_of_the_Condor', 'summary': 'Three Days of the Condor is a 1975 American political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford , Faye Dunaway , Cliff Robertson , and Max von Sydow . The screenplay by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel was based on the 1974 novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady . Set mainly in New York City and Washington , D.C. , the film is about a bookish CIA researcher who comes back from lunch , discovers all his co-workers murdered , and tries to outwit those responsible until he figures out whom he can really trust . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing . Semple and Rayfiel received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skydance_Media', 'summary': "Skydance Media ( formerly known as Skydance Productions ) is an American production company based in Santa Monica , California . Founded by David Ellison in 2006 , the company entered a five-year partnership to co-produce and co-finance films with Paramount Pictures starting in 2009 , and has renewed the agreement twice out to 2021 . The company specializes in film , animation , TV and video games . Skydance is responsible for feature-length films including True Grit , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Jack Reacher , G.I . Joe : Retaliation , Star Trek Into Darkness , World War Z , Mission : Impossible - Rogue Nation , Terminator Genisys , Star Trek Beyond , Jack Reacher : Never Go Back , Life , Baywatch , Geostorm , Annihilation , Mission : Impossible - Fallout , Gemini Man , Terminator : Dark Fate , and 6 Underground . Skydance 's future feature film slate includes Top Gun : Maverick , Without Remorse , Snake Eyes , and The Tomorrow War ."}, {'url': '/wiki/MGM_Television', 'summary': 'Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television ( alternatively Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television Group and Digital , commonly known as MGM Television and then-known as MGM/UA Television ; common Metonym : Lion ) is an American television production/distribution studio launched on June 30 , 1956 as MGM-TV as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . From 2005 to 2006 , MGM television programs were distributed by Sony Pictures Television ( as a result from a Sony-led consortium buying MGM ) . Since May 31 , 2006 , MGM Television has resumed sole production and distribution of its programs on television . MGM Television has rejoined the first-run syndication market for the first time in many years with Paternity Court .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Ryan_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Tom Clancy 's Jack Ryan , or simply Jack Ryan , is an American political thriller spy web television series , based on characters from the fictional Ryanverse created by Tom Clancy , that premiered on August 31 , 2018 on Prime Video . The series was created by Carlton Cuse and Graham Roland . Cuse serves as an executive producer alongside John Krasinski , Michael Bay , and Mace Neufeld , among others . Krasinski also stars in the series as the title character , making him the fifth actor to portray the character after Alec Baldwin , Harrison Ford , Ben Affleck , and Chris Pine from the film series . In April 2018 , Amazon renewed the series for its second season which premiered on October 31 , 2019 . In February 2019 , Amazon renewed the series for a third season ."}]}, {'value': 'Amazon Prime Video', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video', 'summary': "Prime Video , also marketed as Amazon Prime Video , is an American Internet video on demand service that is developed , owned , and operated by Amazon . It offers television shows and films for rent or purchase and Prime Video , a selection of Amazon Studios original content and licensed acquisitions included in the Amazon 's Prime subscription . In the UK , US , Germany , Sweden , and Austria , access to Prime Video is also available through a video-only membership , which does not require a full Prime subscription . In France and Italy , Rent or Buy and Prime Video are not available on the Amazon website and Prime Video content is only accessible through a dedicated website . In some countries Prime Video additionally offers Amazon Channels , which allows viewers to subscribe to other suppliers ' content , including HBO in the United States . Launched on September 7 , 2006 as Amazon Unbox in the United States , the service grew with its expanding library , and added the Prime Video membership with the development of Prime . It was then renamed as Amazon Instant Video on Demand . After acquiring the local streaming and DVD-by-mail service LoveFilm in 2011 , Prime Video was added to Prime in the United Kingdom , Germany and Austria in 2014 , a move that angered some Prime UK members as the bundling was non-negotiable with a 61% increase in subscription fee . In the UK , Germany , and Austria , Prime Video has been available on a monthly subscription of £5.99 or €7.99 per month , continuing the plan of LoveFilm Instant . The service was previously available in Norway , Denmark and Sweden in 2012 , but was discontinued in 2013 . On April 18 , 2016 , Amazon split Prime Video from Amazon Prime in the US for $ 8.99 per month . The service also hosts Amazon Original content alongside titles on Video as well ."}]}, {'value': '2018-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Skydance Media and Amazon Studios', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skydance_Media', 'summary': "Skydance Media ( formerly known as Skydance Productions ) is an American production company based in Santa Monica , California . Founded by David Ellison in 2006 , the company entered a five-year partnership to co-produce and co-finance films with Paramount Pictures starting in 2009 , and has renewed the agreement twice out to 2021 . The company specializes in film , animation , TV and video games . Skydance is responsible for feature-length films including True Grit , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Jack Reacher , G.I . Joe : Retaliation , Star Trek Into Darkness , World War Z , Mission : Impossible - Rogue Nation , Terminator Genisys , Star Trek Beyond , Jack Reacher : Never Go Back , Life , Baywatch , Geostorm , Annihilation , Mission : Impossible - Fallout , Gemini Man , Terminator : Dark Fate , and 6 Underground . Skydance 's future feature film slate includes Top Gun : Maverick , Without Remorse , Snake Eyes , and The Tomorrow War ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amazon_Studios', 'summary': "Amazon Studios is a television and film producer and distributor that is a subsidiary of Amazon . It specializes in developing television series and distributing and producing films . It was started in late 2010 . Content is distributed through theaters and Prime Video , Amazon 's digital video streaming service , and is a competitor to services like Netflix and Hulu ."}]}, {'value': 'The Contender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Contender_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Contender is an American reality television series that initially aired from March 3 , 2005 to January 7 , 2009 on NBC , ESPN , and Versus and currently airs on Epix . Each season of the series follows a group of boxers as they compete with one another in an elimination-style competition , while their lives and relationships with each other and their families are depicted . The series was created and executive produced by Mark Burnett . The first three seasons of the show were hosted by Sugar Ray Leonard , who shared hosting duties in the first season with actor Sylvester Stallone . Leonard departed the series after season three and Tony Danza joined as his replacement . On January 22 , 2018 , it was announced that the series was being revived by premium cable network Epix for a fifth season which premiered on August 24 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Epix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Epix', 'summary': "Epix ( pronounced epics and stylized as ePix ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The channel 's programming consists of recent and older theatrically released motion pictures , original series , documentaries , and music and comedy specials . Launched in October 2009 , Epix is the youngest of the major premium television channels in the United States , and is currently led by President Michael Wright . Since he joined the network in November 2017 , Epix has announced many new series including Godfather of Harlem starring Forest Whitaker , Pennyworth , the origin story of Batman 's butler Alfred , Perpetual Grace , LTD starring Ben Kingsley and Jimmi Simpson , Deep State , unscripted series Unprotected Sets executive produced by Wanda Sykes and the return of The Contender . Epix and , depending on the carriage of any of the latter services , its three multiplex channels are sold by most traditional multichannel video programming distributors either as premium services or as part of a la carte digital movie tiers as well as by over-the-top MVPDs Sling TV ( which includes the full Epix multiplex with Epix Drive-In available to all base subscribers and the remaining Epix channels offered as a premium add-on ) and PlayStation Vue ( which offers the multiplex service Epix Hits and its video-on-demand service as a premium add-on ) ."}]}, {'value': '2018-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with MGM Television A revival of the 2005 series by DreamWorks Television and Mark Burnett Productions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MGM_Television', 'summary': 'Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television ( alternatively Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television Group and Digital , commonly known as MGM Television and then-known as MGM/UA Television ; common Metonym : Lion ) is an American television production/distribution studio launched on June 30 , 1956 as MGM-TV as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . From 2005 to 2006 , MGM television programs were distributed by Sony Pictures Television ( as a result from a Sony-led consortium buying MGM ) . Since May 31 , 2006 , MGM Television has resumed sole production and distribution of its programs on television . MGM Television has rejoined the first-run syndication market for the first time in many years with Paternity Court .'}, {'url': '/wiki/DreamWorks_Television', 'summary': 'DreamWorks Television ( or DWTV [ citation needed ] ) was a television distribution and production company that was a division of DreamWorks . It folded into Amblin Television in 2013 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'The Haunting of Hill House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Hill_House_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Haunting of Hill House is an American anthology supernatural horror drama web television series created and directed by Mike Flanagan for Netflix ; produced by Amblin Television and Paramount Television . The first season is loosely based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Shirley Jackson . The plot alternates between two timelines , following five adult siblings whose paranormal experiences at Hill House continue to haunt them in the present day , and flashbacks depicting events leading up to the eventful night in 1992 when the family fled from the mansion . The ensemble cast features Michiel Huisman , Elizabeth Reaser , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Kate Siegel , and Victoria Pedretti as the adult counterparts of the siblings . Carla Gugino and Henry Thomas portray parents Olivia and Hugh Crain , with Timothy Hutton appearing as an older version of Hugh . The series premiered on Netflix on October 12 , 2018 . The Haunting of Hill House received critical acclaim , particularly for its acting , directing and production values , with many calling it an effective ghost story . A second season with a different story and characters titled The Haunting of Bly Manor , based on the 1898 novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James , is set to be released in 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Netflix', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the 1959 book The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson . Co-produced with Amblin Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Hill_House', 'summary': "The Haunting of Hill House is a 1959 gothic horror novel by American author Shirley Jackson . A finalist for the National Book Award and considered one of the best literary ghost stories published during the 20th century , it has been made into two feature films and a play , and is the basis of a Netflix series . Jackson 's novel relies on terror rather than horror to elicit emotion in the reader , using complex relationships between the mysterious events in the house and the characters psyches ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shirley_Jackson', 'summary': "Shirley Hardie Jackson ( December 14 , 1916 - August 8 , 1965 ) was an American writer , known primarily for her works of horror and mystery . Over the duration of her writing career , which spanned over two decades , she composed six novels , two memoirs , and more than 200 short stories . Born in San Francisco , California , Jackson later attended Syracuse University in New York , where she became involved with the university 's literary magazine and met her future husband Stanley Edgar Hyman . The couple settled in North Bennington , Vermont in 1940 , after which Hyman established a career as a literary critic , and Jackson began writing . After publishing her debut novel The Road Through the Wall ( 1948 ) , a semi-autobiographical account of her childhood in California , Jackson gained significant public attention for her short story The Lottery , which details a sinister underside to a bucolic American village . She continued to publish numerous short stories in literary journals and magazines throughout the 1950s , some of which were assembled and reissued in her 1953 memoir Life Among the Savages . In 1959 , she published The Haunting of Hill House , a supernatural horror novel widely considered to be one of the best ghost stories ever written . [ a ] A reclusive woman , Jackson remained in North Bennington for the last years of her life , and was reluctant to discuss her work with the public . By the 1960s , her health began to deteriorate significantly as a result of her increasing weight and cigarette smoking , ultimately leading to her death due to a heart condition in 1965 at the age of 48 . Jackson has been cited as an influence on a diverse set of authors , including Neil Gaiman , Stephen King , Sarah Waters , Nigel Kneale , Claire Fuller , Joanne Harris , and Richard Matheson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amblin_Television', 'summary': "Amblin Television is the television production division of Amblin Partners . It was established in 1981 by Amblin Entertainment as a small-screen production arm for Steven Spielberg 's Amazing Stories anthology for NBC . The company has produced television series including Tiny Toon Adventures , Animaniacs , SeaQuest DSV , ER , Falling Skies , and The Americans . In 2012 , DreamWorks Television , producer of such series as Spin City , Taken , Band of Brothers , The Pacific , United States of Tara , Smash , and the HBO film All the Way , was merged into Amblin Television . Since then , the combined company has produced television shows including The Borgias , Under the Dome , The Haunting of Hill House and Roswell , New Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Boomerang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boomerang_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': 'Boomerang is an American comedy television series , based on the 1992 film of the same name . The series premiered on February 12 , 2019 , on BET . On April 2 , 2019 , it was announced that the series was renewed for a second season , which will premiere on March 11 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'BET', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BET', 'summary': "Black Entertainment Television ( BET ) is an American pay television channel that is part of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks unit of ViacomCBS . It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences , with approximately 88,255,000 American households ( 75.8% of households with television ) receiving the channel . The channel has offices in New York City , Los Angeles , and Chicago . The channel 's former headquarters were in Washington , D.C . Programming on the network consists of original and acquired television series and theatrically and direct-to-video-released films . The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy , news , and current affairs programs , and formerly aired mainstream rap , hip-hop and R & B music videos ; the latter of which now air on its branded sister networks ."}]}, {'value': '2019-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Hilman Grad Productions . Based on the 1992 film of the same name', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wonder Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wonder_Park', 'summary': 'Wonder Park is a 2019 computer animated adventure film produced by Paramount Animation and Nickelodeon Movies , with Ilion Animation Studios handling animation . The plot follows a young girl who encounters a real version of her magical amusement park , run by talking animals . The film stars the voice talents of newcomer Brianna Denski , and Matthew Broderick , Jennifer Garner , Ken Hudson Campbell , Kenan Thompson , Ken Jeong , Mila Kunis , John Oliver , Kath Soucie , Norbert Leo Butz , and Kevin Chamberlin . The film was directed by former Pixar animator Dylan Brown in his directorial debut ; while he was involved through most of the production period , Paramount Pictures dismissed him in January 2018 , citing inappropriate and unwanted conduct . Wonder Park was released in 2D and 3D formats in the United States on March 15 , 2019 . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 119 million worldwide . A television series based on the film was scheduled to debut in 2019 on Nickelodeon , making it the third animated film from Nickelodeon Movies , after Jimmy Neutron : Boy Genius and Barnyard , to serve as the basis for an animated series on the network .'}]}, {'value': 'Nickelodeon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nickelodeon', 'summary': 'Nickelodeon ( often shortened to Nick ) is an American pay television network which was launched on December 1 , 1977 , as the first cable channel for children . It is owned by ViacomCBS through its domestic networks division and is based in New York City . It broadcasts usually from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays ( the sign off time varies with holidays and special programming ) , Saturdays from 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. , and Sundays from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ( Eastern and Pacific Time ) . It is primarily aimed at children aged 2-11 . The channel was originally first tested as Pinwheel on December 1 , 1977 . Pinwheel was at the time only available on QUBE , which was the first two-way major market interactive cable television system , owned by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment . Pinwheel relaunched as Nick on April 1 , 1979 , and expanded to other cable providers nationwide . It was initially commercial-free and remained without advertising until 1984 . Warner-Amex sold Nickelodeon , along with its sister networks MTV and VH1 , to Viacom in 1986 . As of September 2018 [ update ] , the channel is available to about 87.167 million households in the United States .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Nickelodeon Animation Studio , Ilion Animation Studios and Paramount Animation . Second Paramount Television series for Nickelodeon . First television series from Paramount Animation . Based on the 2019 film of the same name', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nickelodeon_Animation_Studio', 'summary': "Nickelodeon Animation Studio is an American animation studio owned and operated by ViacomCBS through Nickelodeon . It has created many original television programs for Nickelodeon and its sister channels , including SpongeBob SquarePants , Invader Zim , Danny Phantom , and Avatar : The Last Airbender . Since the 2010s , the studio has also co-developed its own series based on preexisting IP purchased by ViacomCBS , such as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Winx Club . In 2019 , Nickelodeon Animation Studio signed a multiple-year output deal for Netflix . The studio 's foundation followed the creation of three animated programs for Nickelodeon in 1991 : Doug , Rugrats and The Ren & Stimpy Show . In 1992 , Nickelodeon founded Games Animation to produce new animated shows , including their first fully in-house series , Rocko 's Modern Life . Games Animation produced much of the network 's mid-1990s output in partnership with other animation companies like Frederator Studios and Klasky Csupo . In 1998 , the studio moved from Studio City , California to Burbank with the construction of a new facility . It was renamed Nickelodeon Animation Studio and later Nickelodeon Studios Burbank . In 1999 , a second facility in New York City was opened , named Nickelodeon Animation Studio New York ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ilion_Animation_Studios', 'summary': 'Ilion Animation Studios is a Spanish animation studio based in Madrid , Spain . The studio was established by the founders of Pyro Studios , a Spanish video game development studio , to create computer-animated movies for theatrical release .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paramount_Animation', 'summary': 'Paramount Animation is the animation division and label of Paramount Pictures . The division was founded on July 6 , 2011 . Its first film , The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water was released on February 6 , 2015 , and its most recent release , Wonder Park , was released on March 15 , 2019 . Their next release , The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge on the Run will be released on May 22 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Catch-22', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catch-22_(miniseries)', 'summary': 'Catch-22 is a satirical dark comedy miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Heller . It premiered on May 17 , 2019 , on Hulu in the United States . The series stars Christopher Abbott , Kyle Chandler , Hugh Laurie , and George Clooney , who is also an executive producer alongside Grant Heslov , Luke Davies , David Michôd , Richard Brown , Steve Golin , and Ellen Kuras . The series was written by Davies and Michôd and directed by Clooney , Heslov , and Kuras , with each directing two episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Hulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hulu', 'summary': "Hulu ( /ˈhuːluː/ ) is a U.S.-based subscription video on demand service fully controlled and majority-owned by Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International , a business segment of The Walt Disney Company , with NBCUniversal , owned by Comcast , as an equity stakeholder . The service was initially established as a joint venture between News Corporation and NBC Universal , Providence Equity Partners , and later The Walt Disney Company , serving as an aggregation of recent episodes of television series from their respective television networks . In 2010 , Hulu launched a subscription service , initially branded as Hulu Plus , which featured full seasons of programs from the companies and other partners , and undelayed access to new episodes . In 2017 , the company launched Hulu with Live TV - an over-the-top IPTV service featuring linear television channels . Time Warner ( now WarnerMedia ) later held a stake in the service . As of the first quarter of 2020 , Hulu had 30.4 million subscribers . In March 2019 , Disney acquired 21st Century Fox , giving it a 60% majority stake in Hulu . AT & T ( which acquired Time Warner in 2018 ) sold back its roughly 10% stake the following month . Comcast , the only other shareholder , announced on May 14 , 2019 , that it had agreed to cede its control to Disney , and reached an agreement for Disney to purchase its 33% stake in the company as early as 2024 . Hulu will be operated as a bridge brand alongside Disney 's fellow OTT ventures Disney+ and ESPN+ , with Hulu positioned as its streaming brand for general entertainment outside of Disney 's family-oriented movies , shows and properties ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Based on the novel of the same name . Co-produced with Anonymous Content', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Looking for Alaska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looking_for_Alaska_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Looking for Alaska is an American teen drama web television miniseries created by Josh Schwartz , based on the 2005 novel of the same name by John Green . After a film adaptation was repeatedly delayed , Hulu finalized the deal with Schwartz and Savage and ordered the adaptation as an eight-episode limited series . The series premiered on Hulu on October 18 , 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hulu', 'summary': "Hulu ( /ˈhuːluː/ ) is a U.S.-based subscription video on demand service fully controlled and majority-owned by Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International , a business segment of The Walt Disney Company , with NBCUniversal , owned by Comcast , as an equity stakeholder . The service was initially established as a joint venture between News Corporation and NBC Universal , Providence Equity Partners , and later The Walt Disney Company , serving as an aggregation of recent episodes of television series from their respective television networks . In 2010 , Hulu launched a subscription service , initially branded as Hulu Plus , which featured full seasons of programs from the companies and other partners , and undelayed access to new episodes . In 2017 , the company launched Hulu with Live TV - an over-the-top IPTV service featuring linear television channels . Time Warner ( now WarnerMedia ) later held a stake in the service . As of the first quarter of 2020 , Hulu had 30.4 million subscribers . In March 2019 , Disney acquired 21st Century Fox , giving it a 60% majority stake in Hulu . AT & T ( which acquired Time Warner in 2018 ) sold back its roughly 10% stake the following month . Comcast , the only other shareholder , announced on May 14 , 2019 , that it had agreed to cede its control to Disney , and reached an agreement for Disney to purchase its 33% stake in the company as early as 2024 . Hulu will be operated as a bridge brand alongside Disney 's fellow OTT ventures Disney+ and ESPN+ , with Hulu positioned as its streaming brand for general entertainment outside of Disney 's family-oriented movies , shows and properties ."}]}, {'value': '2019-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'co-production with Temple Hill Productions and Fake Empire Productions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fake_Empire_Productions', 'summary': "Fake Empire Productions is the production company that was formed in 2010 by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage to develop and produce television series and feature films . Their most notable productions include the series Gossip Girl ( developed by Schwartz and Savage ) , Chuck ( co-created by Schwartz and Chris Fedak ) , Hart of Dixie ( created by Leila Gerstein and produced by Schwartz , Savage , and their producing partner Len Goldstein ) , The Carrie Diaries ( developed by Amy B. Harris and produced by Schwartz and Savage ) , Dynasty ( developed by Sallie Patrick , Schwartz , and Savage ) and Marvel 's Runaways ( created for television by Schwartz and Savage ) . The company was formed to focus on television projects and produce films , with the intent of branching out into online series , music and books . Schwartz formerly operated under the banner of College Hill Pictures , Inc. , which folded in the making of Fake Empire . Both the film and television divisions of the company are overseen by Lis Rowinski ."}]}, {'value': 'First Wives Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Wives_Club_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'First Wives Club is an American comedy television series , based on the film of the same name written by Robert Harling , that premiered in September 19 , 2019 on BET+ . On November 26 , 2019 , the series was renewed for a second season .'}]}, {'value': 'BET+', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BET+', 'summary': "BET+ ( pronounced BET plus ) is an over-the-top SVOD service operated by the BET Networks unit of ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks , a division of ViacomCBS . The service was first announced on June 24 , 2019 and launched on September 19 , 2019 . BET+ features both original films and television series from the BET program library and will be the exclusive home of programming produced by Tyler Perry as part of BET 's overall deal with Perry . Will Packer and Tracy Oliver have also signed on to produce original programming for the service . BET+ was part of Viacoms 2017 turnaround strategy , which saw the company acquiring and investing into digital platforms . Prior to the announcement of BET+ , Viacom acquired the free streaming platform Pluto TV on March 4 , 2019 and launched several channels branded after Viacom-owned cable networks and IPs , including BET-branded channels ."}]}, {'value': '2019-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Watchmen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watchmen_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Watchmen is an American superhero drama television series that continues the 1987 DC Comics series Watchmen , created by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons . The TV series was created for HBO by Damon Lindelof , who also served as an executive producer and writer . Its ensemble cast includes Regina King , Don Johnson , Tim Blake Nelson , Yahya Abdul-Mateen II , Andrew Howard , Jacob Ming-Trent , Tom Mison , Sara Vickers , Dylan Schombing , Louis Gossett Jr. and Jeremy Irons , with Jean Smart and Hong Chau joining the cast in later episodes . Lindelof likened the television series to a remix of the original comic series . While the series is technically a sequel , which takes place 34 years after the events of the comics within the same alternate reality , Lindelof wanted to introduce new characters and conflicts that create a new story within the Watchmen continuity , rather than creating a reboot . The series focuses on events surrounding racist violence in Tulsa , Oklahoma , in 2019 . A white supremacist group called the Seventh Kavalry has taken up arms against the Tulsa Police Department because of perceived racial injustices , causing the police to conceal their identities with masks to prevent the Seventh Kavalry from targeting them in their homes following the White Night . Angela Abar ( King ) , a detective known as Sister Night , investigates the murder of her friend and superior , Judd Crawford ( Johnson ) , and discovers secrets regarding the situations around vigilantism . The series premiered on October 20 , 2019 , before concluding its nine-episode run on December 15 . Lindelof left his role as showrunner after the first season , stating that he had completed his intended story . HBO subsequently confirmed there are no further plans for the show to continue without Lindelof returning in some capacity .'}]}, {'value': 'HBO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HBO', 'summary': 'HBO ( Home Box Office ) is an American premium television network owned by Home Box Office , Inc. , a subsidiary of WarnerMedia Entertainment . The programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television shows , along with made-for-cable movies , documentaries and occasional comedy and concert specials . HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service ( basic or premium ) in the United States , having been in operation since November 8 , 1972 . In 2016 , HBO had an adjusted operating income of US $ 1.93 billion , compared to the US $ 1.88 billion it accrued in 2015 . HBO has 140 million subscribers worldwide as of 2018 [ update ] . The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels , including HBO Comedy , HBO Latino , HBO Signature , and HBO Family . It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 5 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2018 [ update ] .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'co-production with Warner Bros. Television , White Rabbit and DC Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television', 'summary': "Warner Bros. Television ( WBTV ) is an American television production arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment , itself part of WarnerMedia . Alongside CBS Television Studios , it serves as a television production arm of The CW ( in which WarnerMedia has a 50% ownership stake ) , though it also produces shows for other networks , such as Shameless on Showtime and Westworld on HBO ( though WarnerMedia also owns HBO ) . As of 2015 , it is one of the world 's two largest television production companies measured by revenue and library ( along with Sony Pictures Television ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/DC_Entertainment', 'summary': "DC Comics , Inc. is an American comic book publisher . It is the publishing unit of DC Entertainment , a subsidiary of Warner Bros . Global Brands and Experiences . DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies . The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters , most notably Superman , Batman and Wonder Woman , among many others . The universe also features well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor , the Joker , Catwoman , and the Penguin . The company has published non-DC Universe-related material , including Watchmen , V for Vendetta , Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo . The initials DC came from the company 's popular series Detective Comics , which featured Batman 's debut and subsequently became part of the company 's name . Originally in Manhattan at 432 Fourth Avenue , the DC Comics offices have been located at 480 and later 575 Lexington Avenue ; 909 Third Avenue ; 75 Rockefeller Plaza ; 666 Fifth Avenue ; and 1325 Avenue of the Americas . DC had its headquarters at 1700 Broadway , Midtown Manhattan , New York City , however DC Entertainment relocated its headquarters from New York to Burbank , California in April 2015 . Random House distributes DC Comics ' books to the bookstore market , while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market . DC Comics and its longtime major competitor Marvel Comics ( acquired in 2009 by The Walt Disney Company , WarnerMedia 's main competitor ) together shared approximately 70% of the American comic book market in 2017 , though this number may give a distorted view since graphic novels are excluded ."}]}, {'value': 'Briarpatch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Briarpatch_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Briarpatch is an American anthology series starring Rosario Dawson based on the Ross Thomas novel of the same name . The series was picked up in late January 2019 by USA Network , after being ordered to pilot in April 2018 . In advance of its broadcast premiere , several episodes of the series received a preview screening in the Primetime program of the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival . The series premiered on February 6 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'USA Network', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USA_Network', 'summary': 'USA Network ( on-air simply as USA , stylized as usa since 2005 ) is an American pay television channel that is owned by the NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment Group division of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . It was originally launched in 1977 as Madison Square Garden Sports Network , one of the first national sports cable television channels , before being relaunched as USA Network in 1980 . Once a minor player in basic-tier pay television , USA has steadily gained popularity due to its original programming ; it is one of four major subscription-television networks ( with TBS , TNT and FX ) that also broadcasts syndicated reruns of current and former network television ( i.e. , terrestrial ) series and theatrically-released feature films , as well as limited sports programming and WWE . As of September 2018 , USA Network is available to about 90.4 million households ( 98% of households with pay television ) in the US .'}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-produced with Universal Content Productions and Anonymous Content', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Universal_Content_Productions', 'summary': 'Universal Content Productions ( UCP ) is a television production company operating within the NBCUniversal Content Studios division of NBCUniversal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anonymous_Content', 'summary': 'Anonymous Content is an entertainment company founded in 1999 by CEO Steve Golin . It is based in Los Angeles with its offices in Culver City and New York City .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Paramount Television Studios', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_television_series_produced_by_Paramount_Television_6', 'intro': "This is a list of television series produced and/or owned by ViacomCBS' brands, including Paramount Television Studios, CBS Television Studios, CBS Television Distribution, CBS News, and ViacomCBS media networks. This list also includes shows produced or distributed by ViacomCBS' predecessor companies, including CBS Productions, Viacom Productions/Enterprises, the older incarnation of Paramount Television, Rysher Entertainment, Republic Pictures Television, Worldvision Enterprises/Taft Entertainment, Group W Productions, KingWorld, Desilu Productions and Spelling Television."}
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What is the network associated with the production company which is also known as DWTV ?
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Epix
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02a33cf934e2cc2c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Japan_Golf_Tour', 'title': '2012 Japan Golf Tour', 'header': ['Date', 'Tournament', 'Location', 'Prize fund ( ¥ )', 'Winner', 'OWGR pts'], 'data': [{'value': '15 Apr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Token Homemate Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Token_Homemate_Cup', 'summary': 'The Token Homemate Cup ( 東建ホームメイトカップ , Tōken hōmumeito kappu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually since 1988 and has been an official event since 1990 . It is usually the first event played on the Japan Golf Tour season . The tournament record is 267 ( −21 ) . It was set by Wayne Perske in 2006 . The course measures 7,081 yards and the par is 71 . In 2017 , the purse was ¥130,000,000 with ¥26,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Mie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mie_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine .'}]}, {'value': '130,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones ( 11 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsuruya Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsuruya_Open', 'summary': "The Tsuruya Open ( つるやオープンゴルフトーナメント , Tsuruya ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was played annually from 1994 to 2014 . The tournament 's to-par record was −17 ( 271 ) set by Katsumasa Miyamoto in 1998 . The aggregate record was 266 ( -18 ) set by Hideki Matsuyama in 2013 . In 2014 , the purse was ￥110,000,000 with ￥22,000,000 going to the winner ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyōgo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyōgo_Prefecture', 'summary': "Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km² ( 3,243 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east , Osaka Prefecture to the southeast , and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west . Kōbe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture , and the sixth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture 's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located . Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center , transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan , with 20% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ."}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( 12 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita', 'summary': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 Apr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Crowns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Crowns', 'summary': "The Crowns ( 中日クラウンズ , Chūnichi kuraunzu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . From the 10th anniversary in 1969 to the 50th anniversary in 2009 , the official name of this competition was International Invitational Golf THE CROWNS ( 国際招待ゴルフ 中日クラウンズ , Kokusai shōtai gorufu Chūnichi kuraunzu ) . The tournament record is 260 ( −20 ) . It was set by Masashi Ozaki in 1995 . The tournament has been played at the Wago Course at the Nagoya Golf Club since the tournament 's inception in 1960 . The course measures 6,557 yards and the par is 70 . The tournament has attracted some upper-tier golfers . Past winners include major winners Peter Thomson , David Graham , Scott Simpson , Greg Norman , Seve Ballesteros , Davis Love III , Darren Clarke and Justin Rose ."}]}, {'value': 'Aichi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture', 'summary': "Aichi Prefecture ( 愛知県 , Aichi-ken , Japanese pronunciation : [ aitɕi̥ꜜkeɴ ] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 ( 1 October 2019 ) and a geographic area of 5,172.92 km² ( 1,997.28 sq mi ) with a population density of 1,460 persons per km² . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west , Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east . Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture , and the fourth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Toyota , Okazaki , and Ichinomiya . Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world . Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the Tōkai region , a subregion of the Chūbu region and Kansai region . Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation , the world 's largest automotive manufacturer , the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization , and sixth-largest company in the world by revenue , with its headquarters in the city of Toyota . Aichi Prefecture features the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Chubu Centrair International Airport , and Legoland Japan Resort ."}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jang Ik-jae ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jang_Ik-jae', 'summary': 'Jang Ik-jae ( Korean : 장익제 ; born 14 February 1973 ) , also known as I.J . Jang , is a South Korean professional golfer . Jang plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won three times .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan PGA Championship Nissin Cupnoodle Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_PGA_Championship_Nissin_Cupnoodle_Cup', 'summary': 'The Japan PGA Championship ( 日本プロゴルフ選手権大会 , Nihon purogorufu senshuken taikai ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played since 1926 . It is played at a variety of courses throughout Japan . The purse for the 2017 event was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Its title sponsor is Nissin Foods .'}]}, {'value': 'Tochigi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Tochigi Prefecture ( 栃木県 , Tochigi-ken ) is a prefecture located in the Kantō region of Japan . The capital is the city of Utsunomiya . Nikkō , with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Other famous parts of Tochigi include a region called Nasu known for onsen and local sake and ski resorts . The Imperial Family has a villa in Nasu . Nasu-Shiobara is a major Shinkansen station .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 18 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi', 'summary': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Totoumi Hamamatsu Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Totoumi_Hamamatsu_Open', 'summary': 'The Totoumi Hamamatsu Open ( とおとうみ浜松オープン , Tōtoumi hamamatsu ōpun ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour in 2011 and 2012 . It was played at the Grandee Hamanako Golf Club in Hamamatsu , Shizuoka Prefecture . In 2012 , the purse was ￥100,000,000 with ￥20,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Shizuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture', 'summary': "Shizuoka Prefecture ( 静岡県 , Shizuoka-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu . Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,637,998 ( 1 December 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 7,777.42 km² ( 3,002.88 sq mi ) . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east , Yamanashi Prefecture to the northeast , Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Aichi Prefecture to the west . Shizuoka is the capital and Hamamatsu is the largest city in Shizuoka Prefecture , with other major cities including Fuji , Numazu , and Iwata . Shizuoka Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and features Suruga Bay formed by the Izu Peninsula , and Lake Hamana which is considered to be one of Japan 's largest lakes . Mount Fuji , the tallest volcano in Japan and cultural icon of the country , is partially located in Shizuoka Prefecture on the border with Yamanashi Prefecture . Shizuoka Prefecture has a significant motoring heritage as the founding location of Honda , Suzuki , and Yamaha , and is home to the Fuji International Speedway ."}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jay Choi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_Choi', 'summary': 'Jay Choi ( born September 30 , 1983 ) is an American professional golfer . Choi was born in Kunsan , South Korea . He graduated from Gahr High School in Cerritos , California and played college golf at the University of New Mexico . Choi played the mini-tours in the U.S. for several years . He has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2010 , and won his first title on the tour in May 2012 at the Totoumi Hamamatsu Open . He has ranked in the top-200 in the Official World Golf Ranking .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diamond Cup Golf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diamond_Cup_Golf', 'summary': 'Diamond Cup Golf ( アジアパシフィックオープンゴルフチャンピオンシップ ダイヤモンドカップゴルフ , Ajia pasifikku opun gorufu chanpionsippu Daiyamondo kappu gorufu ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Since its founding in 1973 , the event has traveled throughout Japan ; different courses have hosted the event on all four major islands . In 2018 , the purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Beginning in 2014 , the tournament was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba .'}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( 13 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita', 'summary': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 Jun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan Golf Tour Championship Citibank Cup Shishido Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_Golf_Tour_Championship_Citibank_Cup_Shishido_Hills', 'summary': 'The Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup Shishido Hills ( 日本ゴルフツアー選手権 森ビルカップ 宍戸ヒルズ , Nihon gorufu tsuā senshuken moribiru kappu shishido hiruzu ) is an annual major golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Its main sponsor is Mori Building . It was founded in 2000 . It has been played at Shishido Hills Country Club since 2003 . From 2000 to 2002 , it was played at Horai Country Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Ibaraki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture', 'summary': "Ibaraki Prefecture ( 茨城県 , Ibaraki-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu . Ibaraki Prefecture has a population of 2,871,199 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 6,097.19 km² ( 2,354.14 sq mi ) . Ibaraki Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north , Tochigi Prefecture to the northwest , Saitama Prefecture to the southwest , and Chiba Prefecture to the south . Mito is the capital and largest city of Ibaraki Prefecture , with other major cities including Hitachi , Hitachinaka , and Tsukuba . Ibaraki Prefecture is located on Japan 's eastern Pacific coast to the northeast of Tokyo , and is part of the Greater Tokyo Area , the most populous metropolitan area in the world . Ibaraki Prefecture features Lake Kasumigaura , the second-largest lake in Japan , and Mount Tsukuba , one of the most famous mountains in Japan . Ibaraki Prefecture is home to Kairaku-en , one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan , and is an important center for the martial art of Aikido ."}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoshinori Fujimoto ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshinori_Fujimoto', 'summary': 'Yoshinori Fujimoto ( born 25 October 1989 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . As an amateur , Fujimoto won the individual silver medal at the 2011 Summer Universiade and led the Japan team to the gold medal . Fujimoto turned professional in 2012 and joined the Japan Golf Tour . He won his first title in June 2012 at the Japan Golf Tour Championship Citibank Cup Shishido Hills , which qualified him for the 2012 Open Championship . Yoshinori was also named the 2012 Rookie of the Year . He won again the next season at the 2013 Toshin Golf Tournament . Fujimoto was sponsored by ISPS for several years , but is now sponsored by Honma Golf . In January 2019 , Fujimoto qualified for the 2019 Open Championship with a runner-up finish at the SMBC Singapore Open . This will be his second career appearance at the Open .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 Jun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gateway to the Open Mizuno Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gateway_to_the_Open_Mizuno_Open', 'summary': "The Mizuno Open ( ミズノオープン , Mizuno ōpun ) is a golf tournament played in Japan since 1971 . It has been a Japan Golf Tour event since 1979 . Beginning in 1998 , the top four finishers in the Mizuno Open that were not already exempt into The Open Championship received exemptions . There is also a mini-money list of events up to and including the Mizuno Open that earns two exemptions to The Open . This is why the event has been called Gateway to The Open ( 全英への道 , Zen'ei eno michi ) since then . It was played at the Setonaikai Golf Club in Kasaoka , Okayama from 1998 to 2006 and also from 2011 to 2014 and at the Tokinodai Country Club in Ishikawa from at least 1985 to 1997 . The purse for the 2019 event was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . From 2007 to 2010 The Mizuno Open merged with the Yomiuri Open to form the Gateway to The Open Mizuno Open Yomiuri Classic . It was played at the Yomiuri Country Club in Nishinomiya , Hyōgo ."}]}, {'value': 'Okayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture', 'summary': "Okayama Prefecture ( 岡山県 , Okayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,906,464 ( 1 February 2018 ) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km² ( 2,746 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north , Hyogo Prefecture to the east , and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west . Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture , with other major cities including Kurashiki , Tsuyama , and Sōja . Okayama Prefecture 's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku , which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge , while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains ."}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Kennedy ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Kennedy', 'summary': 'Brad Kennedy ( born 18 June 1974 ) is an Australian professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nagashima Shigeo Invitational Sega Sammy Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagashima_Shigeo_Invitational_Sega_Sammy_Cup', 'summary': 'The Shigeo Nagashima Invitational Sega Sammy Cup ( 長嶋茂雄Invitational セガサミーカップゴルフトーナメント , Nagashima shigeo inviteishonaru sega samī kappu gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually at The North Country Golf Club near Chitose , Hokkaido since 2005 . The tournament typically took place the first week of July , but in 2019 it was played in late August . The course measured 7,167 yards and the par was 72 . The purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Shunsuke Sonoda set the tournament record in 2013 , shooting −20 ( 268 ) a score subsequently equalled by Ryo Ishikawa in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hokkaidō', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hokkaidō', 'summary': 'Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Kyoung-hoon ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Kyoung-hoon', 'summary': 'Lee Kyoung-hoon ( Korean : 이경훈 ; born 24 August 1991 ) is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sun Chlorella Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Chlorella_Classic', 'summary': 'The Sun Chlorella Classic ( サン・クロレラクラシック , San kurorera kurashikku ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2000 to 2012 . The tournament record was −19 ( 67-67-66-69=269 ) , set by Christian Pena in 2002 . In 2012 , it was played from 26-29 July . The purse was ￥150,000,000 with ￥30,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Hokkaidō', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hokkaidō', 'summary': 'Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones ( 12 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansai Open Golf Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansai_Open', 'summary': 'The Kansai Open ( 関西オープンゴルフ選手権競技 , Kansai ōpun gorufu sensyuken kyōgi ) is a golf tournament in Japan . It was an event on the Japan Golf Tour from 1973 to 1991 and returned again in 2009 . The 2019 event was the 85th edition . It is played in May at a variety of courses in Kansai region .'}]}, {'value': 'Osaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Osaka Prefecture ( 大阪府 , Ōsaka-fu ) is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshu , the main island of Japan . The capital is the city of Osaka . It is the center of Keihanshin area . Osaka is one of the two urban prefectures ( 府 , fu ) of Japan , Kyoto being the other ( Tokyo became a metropolitan prefecture , or to , in 1941 ) .'}]}, {'value': '60,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toshinori Muto ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toshinori_Muto', 'summary': 'Toshinori Muto ( born 10 March 1978 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Muto was born in Gunma Prefecture . He currently plays on the Japan Golf Tour where he has won seven times between 2006 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vana H Cup KBC Augusta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vana_H_Cup_KBC_Augusta', 'summary': "The RIZAP KBC Augusta is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . The title sponsor is the Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting . The tournament was first played in 1973 and is held in August . The event 's venue since 1992 is the Keya Golf Club in Itoshima , Fukuoka . The 2019 purse was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . The tournament records are 262 ( aggregate ) and −26 ( to par ) set by Kazuki Higa in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Fukuoka Prefecture ( Japanese : 福岡県 , Hepburn : Fukuoka-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on Kyūshū Island . The capital is the city of Fukuoka . As of 2018 , it is the ninth most populated prefecture in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Hyung-sung ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kim_Hyung-sung', 'summary': 'Kim Hyung-sung ( Korean : 김형성 ; born 12 May 1980 ) is a South Korean professional golfer . Kim has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2009 . He won his first tour event in 2012 at the Vana H Cup KBC Augusta .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fujisankei Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fujisankei_Classic', 'summary': "The Fujisankei Classic ( フジサンケイクラシック , Fuji sankei kurashikku ) is an annual golf event on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1973 on the Takasaka Country Club - Yoneyama Course . The tournament moved to the Higashi-Matsuyama Golf Club in 1979 and to the Kawana Hotel 's Fuji course in 1981 . The tournament has been held at the Fujizakura Country Club in Yamanashi Prefecture since 2005 . The prize fund in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 , with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner . The title sponsor is the Fujisankei Communications Group ."}]}, {'value': 'Yamanashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Yamanashi Prefecture ( 山梨県 , Yamanashi-ken ) is a prefecture located in the Chūbu region of Japan . The prefecture is landlocked , featuring a fertile central valley , the Kōfu Basin , surrounded by many of the highest mountains in Japan including the highest , Mount Fuji located on the southern border with Shizuoka .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Kyung-tae ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kim_Kyung-tae', 'summary': 'Kim Kyung-tae ( Korean : 김경태 ; born 2 September 1986 ) , also known as K.T . Kim , is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the Asian and Japan Golf Tours . He won several tournaments as an amateur , including the 2006 Japan Amateur Championship and two events on the 2006 Korean Tour . He turned professional in late 2006 and won the 2007 Maekyung Open in his second start on the Asian Tour . In 2010 , Kim won the Diamond Cup Golf , Japan Open and Mynavi ABC Championship on the Japan Golf Tour and became the first Korean golfer to lead the money list on the Tour . Kim has played in each of the four major championships , recording top-50 finishes in each , with his best being a T30 finish at the 2011 U.S. Open . He also played in the 2011 Presidents Cup , representing the International Team in a 15-19 defeat to USA . Kim finished with a 2-0-2 record . Kim won five events during the 2015 Japan Golf Tour season , which at the time took his overall total to ten tournament victories on the tour . This being a record for Korean players on the tour . He won a further three events during the 2016 season , including The Crowns , to take his number of Asian Tour victories to thirteen .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toshin Golf Tournament in Ryosen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toshin_Golf_Tournament_in_Ryosen', 'summary': 'The Toshin Golf Tournament was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2010 to 2014 . It was played at the Toshin Lake Wood Golf Club in Tsu , Mie in 2010 and 2011 . It moved to the Ryosen Golf Club in Inabe , Mie in 2012 and the Toshin Golf Club , Central Course in Tomika , Gifu in 2013 . The purse for the 2014 event was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Mie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mie_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine .'}]}, {'value': '80,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wu Ashun ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wu_Ashun', 'summary': 'Wu Ashun ( born 22 June 1985 ) is a Chinese professional golfer . He has won three times on the European Tour and twice on the Japan Golf Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ANA Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ANA_Open', 'summary': "The ANA Open ( ANAオープンゴルフトーナメント , Ei-enu-ei ōpun golufu tōnamento ) is a Japan Golf Tour event . ANA is an acronym for All Nippon Airways , the tournament 's sponsor . First played in 1973 , it is usually held in September each year . The host venues are the Sapporo golf club Wattsu and Yuni courses . The tournament record is 268 ( −20 ) , set by Masashi Ozaki in 1994 . He currently also holds the all-time record of wins at this tournament with seven . The 2019 purse was ¥110,000,000 , of which the winner 's share was ¥22,000,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hokkaidō', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hokkaidō', 'summary': 'Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( 14 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita', 'summary': 'Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asia-Pacific Panasonic Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Panasonic_Open', 'summary': 'The Panasonic Open ( パナソニックオープン , panasonikku ōpun ) is a golf tournament for male golfers on the Japan Golf Tour and Asian Tour . Hosted by Panasonic , the event took place for the first time in September 2008 at Ibaraki Country Club in Ibaraki , Osaka , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Hyōgo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyōgo_Prefecture', 'summary': "Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km² ( 3,243 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east , Osaka Prefecture to the southeast , and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west . Kōbe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture , and the sixth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture 's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located . Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center , transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan , with 20% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ."}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masanori Kobayashi ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masanori_Kobayashi', 'summary': 'Masanori Kobayashi ( 小林正則 , Kobayashi Masanori , born 14 February 1976 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kobayashi has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 1999 . He won his first title in 2011 at the Totoumi Hamamatsu Open and his second at the Asia-Pacific Panasonic Open in 2012 . He also won two events on the Japan Challenge Tour in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coca-Cola Tokai Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coca-Cola_Tokai_Classic', 'summary': 'The Top Cup Tokai Classic ( トップ杯東海クラシック , Toppu-hai Tōkai kurashikku ) is an annual event on the Japan Golf Tour . It is usually played in October and in recent years at the Miyoshi Country Club West Course , Miyoshi , Aichi . It was founded in 1970 . In 2016 , it was played from September 29 to October 2 . The course measured 7,315 yards and the par was 72 . The purse in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Aichi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture', 'summary': "Aichi Prefecture ( 愛知県 , Aichi-ken , Japanese pronunciation : [ aitɕi̥ꜜkeɴ ] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 ( 1 October 2019 ) and a geographic area of 5,172.92 km² ( 1,997.28 sq mi ) with a population density of 1,460 persons per km² . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west , Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east . Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture , and the fourth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Toyota , Okazaki , and Ichinomiya . Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world . Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the Tōkai region , a subregion of the Chūbu region and Kansai region . Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation , the world 's largest automotive manufacturer , the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization , and sixth-largest company in the world by revenue , with its headquarters in the city of Toyota . Aichi Prefecture features the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Chubu Centrair International Airport , and Legoland Japan Resort ."}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryu Hyun-woo ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryu_Hyun-woo', 'summary': 'Ryu Hyun-woo ( Korean : 류현우 ; born 8 September 1981 ) is a South Korean professional golfer . Ryu has played on the Korean Tour , the OneAsia Tour since 2010 and the Japan Golf Tour since 2012 . He won on the Japan Golf Tour in September 2012 at the Coca-Cola Tokai Classic . He won the 2013 GS Caltex Maekyung Open , co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour and the Korean Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canon Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canon_Open', 'summary': 'The Canon Open ( キヤノンオープン , Kyanon ōpun ) was an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2008 to 2012 . It was played in October at the Totsuka Country Club in Totsuka-ku , Yokohama .'}]}, {'value': 'Kanagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Kanagawa Prefecture ( 神奈川県 , Kanagawa-ken ) is a prefecture located in Kantō region of Japan . The capital of the prefecture is Yokohama . Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area . Kanagawa Prefecture is home to Kamakura and Hakone , two popular side trip destinations from Tokyo .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuta Ikeda ( 10 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuta_Ikeda', 'summary': 'Yuta Ikeda ( 池田 勇太 ; born 22 December 1985 ) is a Japanese professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan Open Golf Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_Open_Golf_Championship', 'summary': "The Japan Open Golf Championship ( 日本オープンゴルフ選手権競技 , Nihon ōpun gorufu senshu kenkyōgi ) is Japan 's national open golf championship . As of 2016 , it is one of the three richest tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour , with a prize fund of ¥200 million . It is also the tour 's designated Premier event for the purposes of the Official World Golf Ranking , with a minimum winner 's points allocation of 32 points . The winner also receives an invitation to the next year 's Open Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Okinawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture', 'summary': "Okinawa Prefecture ( Japanese : 沖縄県 , Hepburn : Okinawa-ken , Okinawan : ウチナー Uchinaa , Kunigami : フチナー Fuchinaa ) is the southernmost prefecture of Japan . It encompasses two thirds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) long . The Ryukyu Islands extend southwest from Kagoshima Prefecture on Kyushu ( the southwesternmost of Japan 's four main islands ) to Taiwan . Naha , Okinawa 's capital , is located in the southern part of Okinawa Island ."}]}, {'value': '200,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenichi Kuboya ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenichi_Kuboya', 'summary': "Kenichi Kuboya ( Japanese : 久保谷 健一 , born 11 March 1972 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kuboya won four events on the Japan Golf Tour between 1997 and 2002 , picking up two wins in each of those seasons . Both of Kuboya 's wins on the Japan Golf Tour in 2002 came in playoffs against seasoned campaigners . He beat Shingo Katayama in extra holes at the Munsingwear Open KSB Cup and another win against former Open champion Todd Hamilton at the Japan PGA Championship . This remains the biggest win of his career . Kuboya had a brief stint on the PGA Tour where he played a full season in 2003 . His best finish of the year was a T13 at the 84 Lumber Classic of Pennsylvania and he was not able to keep his card . He would go back to play on the Japan Golf Tour in 2004 , where he currently plays . Kuboya played in his first major championship in 2002 at The Open Championship , where he made the cut , but did not contend on the weekend . His next major was the 2009 Open Championship at Turnberry in Scotland . He finished his first round birdie , birdie , eagle , birdie to finish in a tie for second . He would finish the tournament tied for 27th ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bridgestone Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridgestone_Open', 'summary': 'The Bridgestone Open ( ブリヂストンオープンゴルフトーナメント , Burijisuton ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1972 at the Mitsukaido Golf Club . In 1973 , the event moved to the Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club . Since 1974 it has held at the Sodegaura Country Club . From 1972 to 1984 , the name of this competition was Bridgestone Tournament , because it was only for professional players . The tournament record is 265 ( −23 ) , set by Yuta Ikeda in 2010 . The 2018 total purse was ¥150,000,000 with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . The winner gets an invite to the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 19 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi', 'summary': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Schedule', 'section_text': "The table below shows the 2012 schedule . The number in brackets after each winner 's name is the number of Japan Golf Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament . This information is only shown for Japan Golf Tour members ( does not include the four major golf championships and the World Golf Championships ) . All tournaments are played in Japan .", 'uid': '2012_Japan_Golf_Tour_0', 'intro': 'The 2012 Japan Golf Tour season was played from 12 April to 2 December. The season will consist of 25 official money events in Japan as well as the four majors and the four World Golf Championships.'}
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The event involving the player who topped the money list in 2002 moved to where in 1973 ?
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Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club
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02a3a47eaeff554f
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPI_Engineers_men's_ice_hockey", 'title': "RPI Engineers men's ice hockey", 'header': ['Player', 'Position', 'Team ( s )', 'Years', 'Stanley Cups'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mike McPhee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_McPhee', 'summary': 'Michael Joseph McPhee ( born July 14 , 1960 in Sydney , Nova Scotia and raised in River Bourgeois , Nova Scotia ) is a Canadian former ice hockey forward , and current investment advisor . He is not related to George McPhee .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTL , MNS , DAL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens', 'summary': "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_North_Stars', 'summary': "The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for 26 seasons , from 1967 to 1993 . The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington , and the team 's colors for most of its history were green , yellow , gold and white . The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times , including two Stanley Cup Finals appearances , but were ultimately unable to win the Stanley Cup . After the 1992-93 season , the franchise moved to Dallas , and is now known as the Dallas Stars ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Stars', 'summary': "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '1983-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Murley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Murley', 'summary': 'Matt Murley ( born December 17 , 1979 ) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played with the Pittsburgh Penguins and Phoenix Coyotes in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PIT , PHO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Penguins ( colloquially known as the Pens ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Penguins are one of two NHL franchises in Pennsylvania , the other being the Philadelphia Flyers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Pennsylvania . The club is owned by Mario Lemieux and Ronald Burkle , who purchased the Penguins in 1999 and brought the club out of bankruptcy . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league 's expansion from six to twelve teams . The Penguins played in the Civic Arena , also known as The Igloo , from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009-10 season , when they moved to the Consol Energy Center , which was later renamed PPG Paints Arena . The 1992-93 Penguins won the franchise 's first-ever Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . In addition to their eight division titles , they have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals , winning the Stanley Cup five times - in 1991 , 1992 , 2009 , 2016 , and 2017 . Along with the Edmonton Oilers , the Penguins are tied for the most Stanley Cup championships among non-Original Six teams and sixth overall . With their Stanley Cup wins in 2016 and 2017 , the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in 19 years ( since the 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings ) and the first team to do so since the introduction of the NHL salary cap . They also became the fifth team to accomplish this feat multiple times ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '2003-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kraig Nienhuis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kraig_Nienhuis', 'summary': 'Kraig Nienhuis ( born May 9 , 1961 in Sarnia , Ontario ) is a former professional ice hockey player who played 87 games in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . After 3 years at RPI , he was signed as a free agent by the Boston Bruins in 1985 . He played in 13 leagues over the course of his career and enjoyed most of his success in Europe . After becoming an Austrian citizen , he played for the Austria national ice hockey team at the 1996 IIHF ice hockey world championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '1985-1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam Oates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Oates', 'summary': 'Adam Robert Oates ( born August 27 , 1962 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player , former co-head coach for the New Jersey Devils and former head coach for the Washington Capitals . He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Detroit Red Wings , St. Louis Blues , Boston Bruins , Washington Capitals , Philadelphia Flyers , Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Edmonton Oilers . Known as an elite playmaker , his career total of 1,079 assists was the fifth-highest total in NHL history at the time of his 2004 retirement . After retiring as a player , he served as an assistant coach for the Tampa Bay Lightning and New Jersey Devils prior to joining the Capitals as their head coach for two seasons between 2012 and 2014 . In 2017 , Oates was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history . As a college player , Oates was a standout forward for the RPI Engineers . He set single-season school records for assists and points and was named an Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) all-star and National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) All-American in both 1984 and 1985 . He was named a tournament all-star in helping RPI win the 1985 national championship , and in 1990-91 , the NHL included him in its Second All-Star Team ; he played in five All-Star Games . He holds the record for most points all-time of any NHL player who also played NCAA Hockey . Oates was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12 , 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DET , STL , BOS , WSH , PHI , ANA , EDM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings', 'summary': 'The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars until 1930 . For the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings . As of 2020 [ update ] , the Red Wings have won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) and are third overall in total Stanley Cup championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after playing for 52 years in Olympia Stadium . They moved into the new Little Caesars Arena beginning with the 2017-18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular and successful franchises in the NHL ; fans and sports commentators refer to the Detroit area as Hockeytown , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 . Between the 1931-32 and 1965-66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966-67 and 1982-83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , thereafter , from 1983-84 to 2015-16 , they made the playoffs 30 times in 32 seasons , including 25-straight from 1990-91 to 2015-16 ( not counting the cancelled 2004-05 season ) , in 2006 this became the longest active streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports and finished tied for the third longest streak in NHL history . Since 1983-84 , the Red Wings have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 , and 2008 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Washington_Capitals', 'summary': "The Washington Capitals ( colloquially known as the Caps ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington , D.C . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , headed by Ted Leonsis . From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre , in Landover , Maryland ( a suburb in the Washington metropolitan area ) . In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena , their present home arena in Washington , D.C . The Capitals were founded in 1974 as an expansion franchise , alongside the Kansas City Scouts . Since purchasing the team in 1999 , Leonsis revitalized the franchise by drafting star players such as Alexander Ovechkin , Nicklas Backstrom , Mike Green and Braden Holtby . The 2009-10 Capitals won the franchise 's first Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . They won it a second time in 2015-16 , and did so for a third time the following season in 2016-17 . In addition to twelve division titles and three Presidents ' Trophies , the Capitals have reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1998 and 2018 , winning in the latter . The Capitals have retired the use of four numbers in honor of four players . In addition , the team holds an association with a number of individuals inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anaheim_Mighty_Ducks', 'summary': 'The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Since their inception , the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center . The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks . Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who along with then-general manager Brian Burke , changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006-07 season . The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times , won six Pacific Division titles ( 2006-07 , 2012-13 , 2013-14 , 2014-15 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 ) , two Western Conference championships ( 2002-03 and 2006-07 ) , and one Stanley Cup ( 2006-07 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers', 'summary': "The Edmonton Oilers are a professional ice hockey team based in Edmonton . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Oilers were officially founded in 1971 by W. D. Wild Bill Hunter and Dr. Chuck Allard . The team played its first season in 1972 , as one of the twelve founding franchises of the major professional World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . They were originally intended to be one of two WHA Alberta teams , along with the Calgary Broncos . However , when the Broncos relocated to Cleveland , Ohio , before the WHA 's first season began , the Oilers were renamed the Alberta Oilers . They returned to their current name in the following year , and subsequently joined the NHL in 1979 as one of four franchises absorbed through the NHL merger with the WHA . After joining the NHL , the Oilers went on to win the Stanley Cup on five occasions : 1983-84 , 1984-85 , 1986-87 , 1987-88 and 1989-90 . Along with the Pittsburgh Penguins , they are tied for the most championships won by any team since the NHL-WHA merger and also the most won by any team that joined the league in or after 1967 . Among all NHL teams , only the Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times since the League 's 1967 expansion . For their success in the 1980s , the Oilers team of this era has been honoured with dynasty status by the Hockey Hall of Fame . However , the Oilers began to struggle greatly shortly after the 2004-05 NHL lockout , having missed the playoffs every year since 2006 , with the exception of 2016-17 ."}]}, {'value': '1985-2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brandon Pirri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandon_Pirri', 'summary': 'Brandon Pirri ( born April 10 , 1991 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing with the Chicago Wolves in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) while under contract with the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks in the second round ( 59th overall ) of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHI , FLA , ANA , NYR , VGK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks', 'summary': "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Florida_Panthers', 'summary': "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena , before moving to the BB & T Center in 1998 . Located in Sunrise , Florida , the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL . The team 's local broadcasting rights have been held by Fox Sports Florida ( formerly SportsChannel Florida ) since 1996 . The Panthers began playing in the 1993-94 NHL season . The team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals , in 1996 , the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series , eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche . Since then , the Panthers have only qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs four times , never advancing past the first round , since 1996 . The club is affiliated with one minor league team , the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks', 'summary': 'The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Since their inception , the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center . The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks . Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who along with then-general manager Brian Burke , changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006-07 season . The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times , won six Pacific Division titles ( 2006-07 , 2012-13 , 2013-14 , 2014-15 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 ) , two Western Conference championships ( 2002-03 and 2006-07 ) , and one Stanley Cup ( 2006-07 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_York_Rangers', 'summary': 'The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vegas_Golden_Knights', 'summary': 'The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Founded as an expansion team , they began play in the 2017-18 NHL season . The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment , a consortium led by Bill Foley and the Maloof family . The team plays its home games at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada .'}]}, {'value': '2010-Present', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Pothier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Pothier', 'summary': 'Brian Pothier ( born April 15 , 1977 ) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman . Pothier played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 2000 until 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Defenseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ATL , OTT , WSH , CAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Thrashers', 'summary': "The Atlanta Thrashers were a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta . Atlanta was granted a franchise in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) on June 25 , 1997 , and became the League 's 28th franchise when it began play in the 1999-2000 season . They were members of the Southeast Division of the NHL 's Eastern Conference , and played their home games at Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta . The Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once , during the 2006-07 season in which they won the Southeast Division , but were swept in the first round by the New York Rangers . In May 2011 , the Thrashers were sold to Canadian-based ownership group True North Sports & Entertainment . The group moved the franchise to Winnipeg , Manitoba , which became the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets . The sale and relocation were approved by the NHL on June 21 , 2011 . With the sale and relocation of the team , Atlanta became the first city in the NHL 's modern era to have two ice hockey teams relocate to different cities . In both cases , the team moved from Atlanta to a Western Canadian city ; the city 's previous NHL team ( the Atlanta Flames ) moved to Calgary , Alberta , in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Washington_Capitals', 'summary': "The Washington Capitals ( colloquially known as the Caps ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington , D.C . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , headed by Ted Leonsis . From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre , in Landover , Maryland ( a suburb in the Washington metropolitan area ) . In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena , their present home arena in Washington , D.C . The Capitals were founded in 1974 as an expansion franchise , alongside the Kansas City Scouts . Since purchasing the team in 1999 , Leonsis revitalized the franchise by drafting star players such as Alexander Ovechkin , Nicklas Backstrom , Mike Green and Braden Holtby . The 2009-10 Capitals won the franchise 's first Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . They won it a second time in 2015-16 , and did so for a third time the following season in 2016-17 . In addition to twelve division titles and three Presidents ' Trophies , the Capitals have reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1998 and 2018 , winning in the latter . The Capitals have retired the use of four numbers in honor of four players . In addition , the team holds an association with a number of individuals inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carolina_Hurricanes', 'summary': "The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh , North Carolina . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Hurricanes play their home games at the 18,680-seat PNC Arena ( formerly known as RBC center ) . The franchise was formed in 1971 as the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . The Whalers saw success immediately , winning the Eastern Division in the WHA 's first three seasons , as well as becoming the inaugural Avco World Trophy Champions to cap off the 1972-73 season . The Whalers again competed for the World Trophy in 1978 , this time falling short to the Winnipeg Jets in a rematch of the 1973 Finals . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL-WHA merger , renaming themselves the Hartford Whalers . The team relocated to North Carolina in 1997 , rebranding themselves as the Hurricanes . Carolina advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 2002 , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings , 4-1 . The Hurricanes won the 2006 Stanley Cup over the Edmonton Oilers in seven games , giving the state of North Carolina its first major professional sports championship . On February 15 , 2020 , it was announced that the Hurricanes would host a Stadium Series game at Carter-Finley Stadium on February 20 , 2021 ."}]}, {'value': '2000-2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daren Puppa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daren_Puppa', 'summary': 'Daren James Puppa ( born March 23 , 1965 ) is a former professional ice hockey goaltender in the NHL . During his career he played for the Buffalo Sabres , Tampa Bay Lightning and the Toronto Maple Leafs . He won the 1985 NCAA Championship with the RPI Engineers . He is the cousin of NHL hockey player , Ralph Backstrom .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BUF , TOR , TBL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres', 'summary': 'The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo , New York . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team was established in 1970 , along with the Vancouver Canucks , when the league expanded to 14 teams . They have played at KeyBank Center since 1996 . Prior to that , the Buffalo Sabres played at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium from the start of the franchise in 1970 . The Sabres are owned by Terry Pegula , who purchased the club in 2011 from Tom Golisano . The Sabres have the longest active playoff drought in the NHL , at 8 seasons . The team has twice advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals , losing to the Philadelphia Flyers in 1975 and to the Dallas Stars in 1999 . The best known line in team history is The French Connection , which consisted of Gilbert Perreault , Rick Martin and Rene Robert . All three players have had their sweater numbers ( 11 , 7 and 14 , respectively ) retired and a statue erected in their honor at KeyBank Center in 2012 . The Sabres , along with the Canucks , share the record for being the longest continuously running active NHL franchise to have never won the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs', 'summary': "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning', 'summary': 'The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa , Florida . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club has won one Stanley Cup championship in their history , in 2003-04 . The team is often referred to as the Bolts , and the nickname was used on the former third jerseys . The Lightning plays home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa . The owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik , while Julien BriseBois serves as general manager . The team is currently coached by Jon Cooper , who has led the team since 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1985-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Servinis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Servinis', 'summary': 'George Servinis ( born April 29 , 1962 ) is a former professional ice hockey player who played five games in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played with the Minnesota North Stars .'}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MNS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_North_Stars', 'summary': "The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for 26 seasons , from 1967 to 1993 . The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington , and the team 's colors for most of its history were green , yellow , gold and white . The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times , including two Stanley Cup Finals appearances , but were ultimately unable to win the Stanley Cup . After the 1992-93 season , the franchise moved to Dallas , and is now known as the Dallas Stars ."}]}, {'value': '1987-1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Stoyanovich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Stoyanovich', 'summary': 'Steve Stoyanovich ( born May 2 , 1957 in London , Ontario ) is a former professional ice hockey player who played 23 games in the National Hockey League with the Hartford Whalers . As a youth , he played in the 1969 and 1970 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from London . He owns six Tim Hortons restaurants in the London , Ontario region . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HFD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hartford_Whalers', 'summary': "The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based for most of its existence in Hartford , Connecticut . The club played in the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) from 1972 until 1979 , and in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1979 to 1997 . Originally based in Boston , the team joined the WHA in the league 's inaugural season , and was known as the New England Whalers throughout its time in the WHA . The Whalers moved to Hartford in 1974 and joined the NHL in the NHL-WHA merger of 1979 . In 1997 , the Whalers franchise relocated to North Carolina , where it became the Carolina Hurricanes ."}]}, {'value': '1983-1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Tapper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Tapper', 'summary': 'Brad Tapper ( born April 28 , 1978 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Atlanta Thrashers over parts of three seasons . After retiring from playing , he remained active in hockey as a coach . He is currently an assistant coach with the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) . Prior to that , Tapper spent a year as the head coach of the Adirondack Thunder in the ECHL , and previously was an assistant coach with the Rochester Americans ( AHL ) , Chicago Wolves ( AHL ) , Orlando Solar Bears ( ECHL ) , and Florida Everblades ( ECHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ATL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Thrashers', 'summary': "The Atlanta Thrashers were a professional ice hockey team based in Atlanta . Atlanta was granted a franchise in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) on June 25 , 1997 , and became the League 's 28th franchise when it began play in the 1999-2000 season . They were members of the Southeast Division of the NHL 's Eastern Conference , and played their home games at Philips Arena in downtown Atlanta . The Thrashers qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs only once , during the 2006-07 season in which they won the Southeast Division , but were swept in the first round by the New York Rangers . In May 2011 , the Thrashers were sold to Canadian-based ownership group True North Sports & Entertainment . The group moved the franchise to Winnipeg , Manitoba , which became the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets . The sale and relocation were approved by the NHL on June 21 , 2011 . With the sale and relocation of the team , Atlanta became the first city in the NHL 's modern era to have two ice hockey teams relocate to different cities . In both cases , the team moved from Atlanta to a Western Canadian city ; the city 's previous NHL team ( the Atlanta Flames ) moved to Calgary , Alberta , in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames ."}]}, {'value': '2000-2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graeme Townshend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graeme_Townshend', 'summary': 'Graeme Scott Townshend ( born October 23 , 1965 ) is a Canadian retired ice hockey right winger . He became the first Jamaican-born player to play in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOS , NYI , OTT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_York_Islanders', 'summary': "The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team splits its home games between Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale , New York , and Barclays Center in the borough of Brooklyn . The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area , along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers , and their fan base resides primarily on Long Island . The team was founded in 1972 as part of the NHL 's maneuvers to keep a team from rival league World Hockey Association ( WHA ) out of the newly built Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in suburban Uniondale , New York . After two years of building up the team 's roster , they found almost instant success by securing fourteen straight playoff berths starting with their third season . The Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup championships between 1980 and 1983 , the seventh of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL in its history . Their 19 consecutive playoff series wins between 1980 and 1984 is a feat that remains unparalleled in the history of professional sports . They are the last team in any major professional North American sport to win four consecutive championships . Following the team 's dynasty era , the franchise ran into problems with money , ownership and management , an aging arena , and low attendance . Their woes were reflected on the ice , as the team has not won a division title since 1987-88 , and went 22 seasons without winning a playoff series prior to the 2016 playoffs . After years of failed attempts to rebuild or replace Nassau Coliseum in suburban Long Island , the Islanders relocated to Barclays Center following the 2014-15 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1989-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allen York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allen_York', 'summary': 'Allen York ( born June 17 , 1989 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 11 games with the Columbus Blue Jackets in the National Hockey League . York was selected by the Blue Jackets in the 6th round ( 158th overall ) of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CBJ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets', 'summary': "The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus , Ohio . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Blue Jackets began play as an expansion team in 2000 . In their initial years , the Blue Jackets struggled , failing to win 30 games in a season until the 2005-06 season . The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009 , but were swept . Columbus ultimately notched their first playoff game victory in the 2014 playoffs and five years later won their first playoff series in the 2019 playoffs against the Tampa Bay Lightning , becoming the first team in NHL history to sweep a Presidents ' Trophy winner in the first round . However , they are still the only team in the league which has never appeared in the conference finals . The Blue Jackets ' name and logos are inspired by Ohio 's Civil War history . The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus , which opened in 2000 . They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL ."}]}, {'value': '2011-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Zalewski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Zalewski', 'summary': 'Michael Zalewski ( born August 18 , 1992 ) is an American professional ice hockey player . He is currently under contract with the Vienna Capitals of the Austrian Hockey League ( EBEL ) . He previously played with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VAN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks', 'summary': "The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena , formerly known as General Motors Place , which has an official capacity of 18,910 . Travis Green is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager . The Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres . In its NHL history , the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times , losing to the New York Islanders in 1982 , the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons . They won three division titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993 , and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013 . The Canucks , along with fellow expansion team , the Buffalo Sabres , are the two oldest teams to have never won the Stanley Cup . The Canucks have retired six players ' jerseys in their history - Stan Smyl ( 12 ) , Trevor Linden ( 16 ) , Markus Naslund ( 19 ) , Daniel Sedin ( 22 ) , Henrik Sedin ( 33 ) , and Pavel Bure ( 10 ) ; all but Bure and Daniel Sedin have served as team captain . Smyl has the distinction of being the only Canuck to have his jersey number retired at their former arena , the Pacific Coliseum ."}]}, {'value': '2013-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "RPI_Engineers_men's_ice_hockey_3", 'intro': "The RPI Engineers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). The Engineers are a member of ECAC Hockey (ECACH). They play at the Houston Field House in Troy, New York."}
| null | null |
What are the Years for the Participant who is currently an assistant coach with the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League ?
|
2000-2003
|
02a3e883db40bcbd
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania', 'title': 'Protected areas of Romania', 'header': ['Name', 'Location ( county )', 'Area ( ha )', 'Year of establishment', 'Year of declaration', 'Website'], 'data': [{'value': 'Buila-Vânturarița', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buila-Vânturarița_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Buila-Vânturarița National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Buila-Vânturariţa ) ( national park category II IUCN ) is a protected area situated in Romania , in the central-northern part of Vâlcea County , in administrative territory of localities Costeşti , Bărbăteşti and Băile Olăneşti .'}]}, {'value': 'Vâlcea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vâlcea_County', 'summary': 'Vâlcea County ( also spelt Vîlcea ; Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a ] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania . Located in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia ( which are separated by the Olt River ) , it is also part of the wider Wallachia region . Its capital city is Râmnicu Vâlcea .'}]}, {'value': '4,186', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'buila.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Călimani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Călimani_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Călimani National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Călimani ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) situated in Romania and located at Northern side of Eastern Carpathians ( Bistrita - Nasaud , Harghita , Mures and Suceava counties ) . In the administrativ territory of counties Mureş ( 45% ) , Suceava ( 35% ) , Harghita ( 15% ) and Bistriţa-Năsăud.It has 64000 acres . It protects the Călimani Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Mureș , Suceava , Harghita , Bistrița-Năsăud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mureș_County', 'summary': "Mureș County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈmureʃ ] , Romanian : Județul Mures , Hungarian : Maros megye ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historical region of Transylvania , with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș . The county was established in 1968 , after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical judeţ ( county ) system , still used today . This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region , which had been created in 1952 within the People 's Republic of Romania . Mureș county has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons , with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Suceava_County', 'summary': 'Suceava County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ suˈtʃe̯ava ] ) is a county ( Romanian : județ , German : kreis ) of Romania . Most of its territory lies in the southern portion of the historical region of Bukovina , while the remainder forms part of Western Moldavia proper . The county seat is Suceava .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harghita_County', 'summary': 'Harghita ( Romanian pronunciation : [ harˈɡita ] ( listen ) , Hungarian : Hargita megye , pronounced [ ˈhɒrɡitɒ ] ) is a county ( județ ) in the center of Romania , in eastern Transylvania , with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bistrița-Năsăud_County', 'summary': 'Bistrița-Năsăud ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈbistrit͡sa nəsəˈud ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Transylvania , with the capital city at Bistrița .'}]}, {'value': '24,041', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'calimani.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceahlău', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceahlău_Massif', 'summary': 'The Ceahlău Massif ( pronounced [ t͡ʃe̯ahˈləw ] ) is one of the most famous mountains of Romania . It is part of the Bistriţa Mountains range of the Eastern Carpathians division , in Neamţ County , in the Moldavia region . The two most important peaks are Toaca ( 1904 m altitude ) and Ocolaşul Mare ( 1907 m altitude ) . It is bounded to the east by the Bistriţa River and Lake Bicaz , to the south by the Bicaz River . From the south , the main access point is the village of Izvorul Muntelui , located 12 km north from the town of Bicaz . To the north , Mount Ceahlău is also accessible from Durău .'}]}, {'value': 'Neamț', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neamț_County', 'summary': 'Neamț County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ne̯amt͡s ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historic region of Moldavia , with the county seat at Piatra Neamț .'}]}, {'value': '7,742.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ceahlaupark.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheile Bicazului-Hășmaș', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheile_Bicazului-Hășmaș_National_Park', 'summary': "The Cheile Bicazului - Hășmaș ( Bicaz Gorges - Hăşmaş Mountains ) National Park is located in north-eastern Romania , in the Eastern Carpathians mountain chain . The reservation territory is part of Neamţ and Harghita counties . The park administration is located in Izvorul Mureşului , in Harghita County . The park 's most important geologic features are Cheile Bicazului ( Bicaz Gorges ) , a deep canyon dug by the Bicaz River , Lacu Roşu ( the Red Lake ) - a natural dam lake , and the Hăşmaş Mountains . The parks area of 6575 ha is divided into two zones : the special conservation zone ( 78% ) , and the protection zone ( 22% ) . Natural reserves : The Bicaz Gorges ( Neamț district - 1,600 hectares and Harghita district - 2,128 hectares ) and Lacu Rosu , Cheile Sugaului ( 10 hectares ) Avenul Licas ( 5 hectares ) the Hasmasul Mare - Piatra Singuratica ( the Lonely Stone ) and Hasmasul Negru ( 800 hectares ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Harghita , Neamț', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harghita_County', 'summary': 'Harghita ( Romanian pronunciation : [ harˈɡita ] ( listen ) , Hungarian : Hargita megye , pronounced [ ˈhɒrɡitɒ ] ) is a county ( județ ) in the center of Romania , in eastern Transylvania , with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Neamț_County', 'summary': 'Neamț County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ne̯amt͡s ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historic region of Moldavia , with the county seat at Piatra Neamț .'}]}, {'value': '6,575', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cheilebicazului-hasmas.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheile Nerei-Beușnița', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheile_Nerei-Beușnița_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Nera Gorge-Beușnița National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Cheile Nerei-Beușniţa ) ( national park category II IUCN ) is a protected area situated in Romania , in Caraş-Severin County .'}]}, {'value': 'Caraș-Severin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caraș-Severin_County', 'summary': 'Caraș-Severin ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Serbia . The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat , with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania . The county seat is Reșița . The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisza Euroregion .'}]}, {'value': '36,758', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cheilenereibeusnita.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cozia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cozia_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Cozia National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Național Cozia ) ( national park category II IUCN ) is situated in Romania , in the north-east part of Vâlcea County , in administrative territory of localities Brezoi , Călimănești , Racoviţa , Perișani , Sălătrucel and Berislăvești .'}]}, {'value': 'Vâlcea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vâlcea_County', 'summary': 'Vâlcea County ( also spelt Vîlcea ; Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈvɨlt͡ʃe̯a ] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania . Located in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia ( which are separated by the Olt River ) , it is also part of the wider Wallachia region . Its capital city is Râmnicu Vâlcea .'}]}, {'value': '17,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cozia.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danube Delta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danube_Delta', 'summary': 'The Danube Delta ( Romanian : Delta Dunării , pronounced [ ˈdelta ˈdunərij ] ( listen ) ; Ukrainian : Дельта Дунаю , romanized : Deľta Dunaju , pronounced [ delʲˈtɑ dʊnɐˈju ] ) is the second largest river delta in Europe , after the Volga Delta , and is the best preserved on the continent . The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania ( Tulcea County ) , with a small part in Ukraine ( Odessa Oblast ) . Its approximate surface area is 4,152 km2 ( 1,603 sq mi ) , of which 3,446 km2 ( 1,331 sq mi ) is in Romania . With the lagoons of Razim-Sinoe ( 1,015 km2 ( 392 sq mi ) with 865 km2 ( 334 sq mi ) water surface ) , located south of the main delta , the total area of the Danube Delta is 5,165 km2 ( 1,994 sq mi ) . The Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex is geologically and ecologically related to the delta proper and the combined territory is listed as a World Heritage Site .'}]}, {'value': 'Tulcea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulcea_County', 'summary': 'Tulcea County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈtult͡ʃe̯a ] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historical region Dobruja , with the capital city at Tulcea .'}]}, {'value': '5,762.16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ddbra.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Domogled-Valea Cernei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Domogled-Valea_Cernei_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Domogled-Valea Cernei ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) situated in Romania , on the administrative territory of counties Caraş-Severin , Gorj and Mehedinţi .'}]}, {'value': 'Caraș-Severin , Mehedinți , Gorj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caraș-Severin_County', 'summary': 'Caraș-Severin ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Serbia . The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat , with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania . The county seat is Reșița . The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisza Euroregion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mehedinți_County', 'summary': 'Mehedinți County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ meheˈdint͡sʲ ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Serbia and Bulgaria . It is mostly located in the historical province of Oltenia , with one municipality ( Orșova ) and three communes ( Dubova , Eșelnița and Svinița ) located in the Banat . The county seat is Drobeta-Turnu Severin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gorj_County', 'summary': 'Gorj County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ɡorʒ ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( judeţ ) of Romania , in Oltenia , with its capital city at Târgu Jiu .'}]}, {'value': '61,211', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'domogled-cerna.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiu Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defileul_Jiului_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Defileul Jiului National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Defileul Jiului ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) situated in Romania on the administrative territory of counties Gorj ( 92% ) and Hunedoara ( 8% ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Gorj , Hunedoara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gorj_County', 'summary': 'Gorj County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ɡorʒ ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( judeţ ) of Romania , in Oltenia , with its capital city at Târgu Jiu .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hunedoara_County', 'summary': 'Hunedoara County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ huneˈdo̯ara ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Transylvania , with its capital city at Deva . The county is part of the Danube-Criș-Mureș-Tisa Euroregion .'}]}, {'value': '11,127', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'defileuljiului.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Măcin Mountains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Măcin_Mountains', 'summary': "The Măcin Mountains ( Romanian : Munții Măcin ) is a mountain range in Tulcea County , Dobrogea , Romania . Part of the Northern Dobruja Massif , they are located between Danube River to the north and west , Taița River and Culmea Niculițelului to the east and Casimcea Plateau to the south . Seen from the Danube , they seem only low hills . However , they are a mountainous region . The Măcin Mountains are one of the oldest in Romania , being formed in the second part of the Paleozoic , in the Carboniferous and Permian , during the Hercynian orogeny . The predominant rock is granite . Erosion ( caused by the difference of temperature ) has created steep slopes , with the aspect of ruins . They are divided in Culmea Măcinului ( the southern part ) and Culmea Pricopanului ( the northern part ) . The highest peak is Țuțuiatu ( also called Greci ) , which has a height of 467 meters . Other important peaks are Priopcea Hill ( 410 m ) and Muntele lui Iacob ( Iacob 's Mountain - 341 m ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulcea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulcea_County', 'summary': 'Tulcea County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈtult͡ʃe̯a ] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historical region Dobruja , with the capital city at Tulcea .'}]}, {'value': '11,151.82', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'parcmacin.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rodna Mountains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodna_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Rodna National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Rodna ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) situated in Romania , in the administrative territory of counties Bistriţa-Năsăud , Maramureş and Suceava .'}]}, {'value': 'Bistrița-Năsăud , Maramureș', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bistrița-Năsăud_County', 'summary': 'Bistrița-Năsăud ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈbistrit͡sa nəsəˈud ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Transylvania , with the capital city at Bistrița .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maramureș_County', 'summary': 'Maramureș County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ maraˈmureʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the Maramureș region . The county seat is Baia Mare .'}]}, {'value': '47,177', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'parcrodna.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piatra Craiului', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piatra_Craiului_Mountains', 'summary': "The Piatra Craiului Mountains ( Hungarian : Királykő-hegység ) are a mountain range in the Southern Carpathians in Romania . In Romanian Piatra Craiului means Prince 's Stone . The Piatra Craiului mountains form a narrow and saw-like ridge , which is about 25 km ( 16 mi ) long . The highest elevation in the massif is the Vârful La Om at 2,238 metres ( 7,343 ft ) . The ridge is regarded as one of the most beautiful sites in the Carpathians . The two-day north-south ridge trail is both challenging and rewarding . Starting at either Plaiul Foii in the north-west or Curmătura in the north-east , walkers climb up to the ridge before following a somewhat precarious path along the narrow spine . The descent at the southern end leads into a karst landscape of deep gorges and pitted slopes where water penetrating the rock has carved a series of caves ."}]}, {'value': 'Argeș , Brașov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argeș_County', 'summary': 'Argeș County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈard͡ʒeʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Muntenia , with the capital city at Pitești .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brașov_County', 'summary': 'Brașov County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ braˈʃov ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Transylvania , with the capital city at Brașov . The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval lands ( țări ) Burzenland and Făgăraș .'}]}, {'value': '14,773', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'pcrai.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retezat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Retezat_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Retezat National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Retezat ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) located in the Retezat Mountains in Hunedoara county , Romania .'}]}, {'value': 'Hunedoara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunedoara_County', 'summary': 'Hunedoara County ( Romanian pronunciation : [ huneˈdo̯ara ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Transylvania , with its capital city at Deva . The county is part of the Danube-Criș-Mureș-Tisa Euroregion .'}]}, {'value': '38,047', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'retezat.ro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semenic-Cheile Carașului', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Semenic-Cheile_Carașului_National_Park', 'summary': 'The Semenic-Caraș Gorge National Park ( Romanian : Parcul Naţional Semenic-Cheile Caraşului ) is a protected area ( national park category II IUCN ) situated in southwest Romania , in Caraş-Severin County .'}]}, {'value': 'Caraș-Severin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caraș-Severin_County', 'summary': 'Caraș-Severin ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin ] ( listen ) ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Serbia . The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat , with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania . The county seat is Reșița . The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisza Euroregion .'}]}, {'value': '36,664', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'pnscc.ro', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'National parks', 'section_text': "There are 14 national parks totaling 3,223 km² : National park listed in UNESCO World Heritage National park included in UNESCO 's Man and the Biosphere Programme", 'uid': 'Protected_areas_of_Romania_0', 'intro': "This is a list of protected areas of Romania. About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status (12,360 km²), including the Danube Delta, which makes half of these areas (2.43% of Romania's area)."}
| null | null |
What is the approximate surface of the protected area in the historical region Dobruja ?
|
4,152 km2
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02a3f68793d090b9
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Thai_Premier_League', 'title': '2011 Thai Premier League', 'header': ['Player', 'Nationality', 'For', 'Against', 'Result', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Yeon Gi-Sung', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_F.C._Phichit', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiangrai United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiangrai_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Chiangrai United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอล เชียงราย ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional Association football club based in Chiang Rai Province , a city located in the very northern part of Thailand . The club plays in Thai League 1 .'}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 February 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apipoo Suntornpanavej', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apipoo_Suntornpanavej', 'summary': 'Apipoo Suntornpanavej ( Thai : อภิภู สุนทรพนาเวศ , born 18 July 1986 ) , simply known as Bas ( Thai : บาส ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as an Attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Osotspa M-150 Saraburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osotspa_Saraburi_F.C.', 'summary': "Jumpasri United ( formerly Osotspa Samut Prakan ) ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจัมปาศรี ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai football club based in Mahasarakham . This club plays in the Thai League 2 . The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007 , the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup , and played its final group match against Singapore 's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium . In 2007 , the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor , M-150 ( energy drink ) , and now wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks . In 2017 , Super Power Samut Prakan leaving Samut Prakan Province and move to Maha Sarakham Province by merge with Jumpasri United . This moving was off the legend Osotspa Football Club or Super Power Samut Prakan one of the longest established football club in Thailand since 1977 with financial problems and sponsor support issues ."}]}, {'value': 'Royal Thai Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy_F.C.', 'summary': 'Navy Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลราชนาวี ) is a Thailand professional football club under the stewardship of Royal Thai Navy based in Chonburi . They play in the Thai League 2 . The club has previously played under the names of Royal Thai Navy FC , Rajnavi FC and Rajnavy Rayong FC .'}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 April 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ney Fabiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ney_Fabiano', 'summary': 'Ney Fabiano de Oliveira ( born February 9 , 1979 ) , more commonly known as Ney Fabiano , is a Brazilian retired footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Chonburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chonburi_F.C.', 'summary': 'Chonburi Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลชลบุรี ) is a Thai professional football club based in the city of Chonburi , Chonburi Province and playing in the top division in Thai football , the Thai League 1 . The team lifted the league title in 2007 which became the most successful season in their history . Chonburi were founded in 1997 and their main rivals are Sriracha who are also based in Chonburi Province . The team is widely known by their nickname The Sharks which can be seen in the club logo .'}]}, {'value': 'Khonkaen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khonkaen_F.C.', 'summary': 'Khon Kaen Football Club ( Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดขอนแก่น ) is a Thailand professional football club , based in Khon Kaen Province , a city located in the heart of the North Eastern Region of Thailand . The club currently plays in Thai League 2 . In 2011 after they achieved promotion from Thai Division 1 League to the Thai League 1 for the first time in their history , by finishing runners-up in the Thai Division 1 League . Khonkaen play their home games at the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization Stadium . They traditionally play in black and yellow , and their nickname is commonly known as The T-Rexs which came from the famous rich dinosaur fossil excavations of the province .'}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Ohandza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Ohandza', 'summary': 'Franck Ohandza Zoa ( born 28 September 1991 ) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League side Henan Jianye .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Buriram PEA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buriram_PEA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Buriram United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบุรีรัมย์ ยูไนเต็ด ) is a professional football club based in Buriram , Thailand . The club has played at the top level of Thai football for the majority of their existence and is competing in the Thai League 1 . The club was founded in 1970 as PEA FC ( Provincial Electricity Authority Football Club ) before reformed in to Buriram PEA then Buriram United in 2010 and 2012 respectively . Their home stadium is Chang Arena which has a capacity of 32,600 . Buriram United won their first Thai League 1 title in 2008 and the Kor Royal Cup in 1998 , as PEA FC . The club was previously based in Ayutthaya before moving east to Buriram for the 2010 season . In the 2011 season , Buriram PEA were the first team in Thai football history to win all the domestic trophies , as the triple champions of the ( 2011 Thai Premier League , 2011 Thai FA Cup , and 2011 Thai League Cup ) .'}]}, {'value': 'SCG Samut Songkhram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samut_Songkhram_F.C.', 'summary': 'Samutsongkhram Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม ) is a Thai professional football club based in town of Samut Songkhram in Samut Songkhram Province and currently plays in the second division of Thai football , the Thai League 2 . Formed in 2004 , Samut Songkhram finished at 7th place in their first season of the top flight division after their promotion from Thailand Division 1 League . The official team colours are light blue and white , and the nickname is Pla-Tu-Kha-Nong which Pla thu refers to the Shortbodied mackerel , and Kha-Nong is the Thai language meaning Rage . Another less common nickname is Mae Klong , referring to a river in western Thailand which flows in Samut Songkhram Province .'}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarayuth Chaikamdee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarayuth_Chaikamdee', 'summary': 'Sarayuth Chaikamdee ( Thai : ศรายุทธ ชัยคำดี , born September 24 , 1981 ) , simply known as Joe ( Thai : โจ้ ) is a Thai retired professional footballer who plays as a Striker . He previously played for Pisico Bình Định in the V-League ( Viet Nam ) . He is a striker and is known in Thailand as Joe five yards because he only score goals within the 5 yards box . Over the years , his nickname has now changed to Joe every-yard due to his improvement in longer range shooting ability .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': 'Police United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Police United Football club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลเพื่อนตำรวจ ) is a Thai defunct football club that was managed by the Royal Thai Police from 1960 to 2008 . In 2017 , the club merged with BEC Tero Sasana and change the name to Police Tero Football Club at the beginning of season 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teerasil Dangda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teerasil_Dangda', 'summary': 'Teerasil Dangda ( Thai : ธีรศิลป์ แดงดา , pronounced [ tʰīː.rā.sǐn dɛ̄ːŋ.dāː ] ; born 6 June 1988 ) is a Thai footballer who plays for J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse and the Thailand national team which he serves as a team captain .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Muangthong United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muangthong_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Muangthong United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลเมืองทอง ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Muang Thong Thani , Nonthaburi Province . The club plays in the Thai League 1 . Muangthong United has participated in the Thai Premier League since 2009 after having won the Thai Division 1 League title in 2008 . Muangthong United were for a period one of the richest football clubs in Thailand . The club is widely known as The Kirins or The Twin Qilins .'}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': '6-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 August 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronnachai Rangsiyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronnachai_Rangsiyo', 'summary': 'Ronnachai Rangsiyo ( Thai : รณชัย รังสิโย , born August 1 , 1988 ) , or simply known as Sam ( Thai : แซม ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Thai League 2 club Ayutthaya United . He scored a goal for the Thai National Team in a friendly match against Nepal .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'BEC Tero Sasana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BEC_Tero_Sasana_F.C.', 'summary': 'Police Tero Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร ) , formerly known as BEC Tero Sasana , is a Thai professional football club based in Bangkok . The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003 . BEC Tero Sasana merged with Police United in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season .'}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_Phichit_F.C.', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 August 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kritsada Kemdem', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Osotspa M-150 Saraburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osotspa_Saraburi_F.C.', 'summary': "Jumpasri United ( formerly Osotspa Samut Prakan ) ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจัมปาศรี ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai football club based in Mahasarakham . This club plays in the Thai League 2 . The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007 , the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup , and played its final group match against Singapore 's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium . In 2007 , the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor , M-150 ( energy drink ) , and now wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks . In 2017 , Super Power Samut Prakan leaving Samut Prakan Province and move to Maha Sarakham Province by merge with Jumpasri United . This moving was off the legend Osotspa Football Club or Super Power Samut Prakan one of the longest established football club in Thailand since 1977 with financial problems and sponsor support issues ."}]}, {'value': 'TOT S.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TOT_S.C.', 'summary': "TOT Sport Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทีโอที เอสซี - ชื่อเดิม สโมสรฟุตบอลองค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย ) is a Thai defunct football club based in the district of Lak Si in northern Bangkok which represents the national telecommunications company , TOT Public Company Limited . TOT originally stands for the Telephone Organization of Thailand , the former name of the company at the time before their privatization . TOT 's football team is a member of Football Association of Thailand ( FAT ) and a co-founder of the Thai Premier League . TOT S.C. was dissolved in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 September 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Ohandza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Ohandza', 'summary': 'Franck Ohandza Zoa ( born 28 September 1991 ) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League side Henan Jianye .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Buriram PEA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buriram_PEA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Buriram United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบุรีรัมย์ ยูไนเต็ด ) is a professional football club based in Buriram , Thailand . The club has played at the top level of Thai football for the majority of their existence and is competing in the Thai League 1 . The club was founded in 1970 as PEA FC ( Provincial Electricity Authority Football Club ) before reformed in to Buriram PEA then Buriram United in 2010 and 2012 respectively . Their home stadium is Chang Arena which has a capacity of 32,600 . Buriram United won their first Thai League 1 title in 2008 and the Kor Royal Cup in 1998 , as PEA FC . The club was previously based in Ayutthaya before moving east to Buriram for the 2010 season . In the 2011 season , Buriram PEA were the first team in Thai football history to win all the domestic trophies , as the triple champions of the ( 2011 Thai Premier League , 2011 Thai FA Cup , and 2011 Thai League Cup ) .'}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_F.C._Phichit', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 November 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Joo-Yong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_Phichit_F.C.', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'TOT S.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TOT_S.C.', 'summary': "TOT Sport Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทีโอที เอสซี - ชื่อเดิม สโมสรฟุตบอลองค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย ) is a Thai defunct football club based in the district of Lak Si in northern Bangkok which represents the national telecommunications company , TOT Public Company Limited . TOT originally stands for the Telephone Organization of Thailand , the former name of the company at the time before their privatization . TOT 's football team is a member of Football Association of Thailand ( FAT ) and a co-founder of the Thai Premier League . TOT S.C. was dissolved in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatree Chimtalay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatree_Chimtalay', 'summary': 'Chatree Chimtalay ( Thai : ชาตรี ฉิมทะเล , born December 14 , 1983 ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a Striker for Thai League 2 club BG Pathum United .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': 'Khonkaen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khonkaen_F.C.', 'summary': 'Khon Kaen Football Club ( Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดขอนแก่น ) is a Thailand professional football club , based in Khon Kaen Province , a city located in the heart of the North Eastern Region of Thailand . The club currently plays in Thai League 2 . In 2011 after they achieved promotion from Thai Division 1 League to the Thai League 1 for the first time in their history , by finishing runners-up in the Thai Division 1 League . Khonkaen play their home games at the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization Stadium . They traditionally play in black and yellow , and their nickname is commonly known as The T-Rexs which came from the famous rich dinosaur fossil excavations of the province .'}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aron da Silva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aron_da_Silva', 'summary': 'Aron Muniz Teixeira Da Silva ( born 2 December 1983 ) is a Brazilian retired footballer who plays as a Forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Sriracha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sriracha_F.C.', 'summary': "Thawiwatthana Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทวีวัฒนา ) , better known as old name Sriracha FC , is a Thailand professional football club based in Nakhon Pathom . They currently compete in the 2018 Thailand Amateur League Western Region . The club combine Taweewattana F.C . from Khor Cup plays their home games at the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Stadium ( Salaya Campus ) in Nakhon Pathom . They traditionally play in Pink from Taweewattana F.C . and blue from Sriracha F.C . The club 's official logo is the King Cobra , hence their nickname is Killer King Cobra ."}]}, {'value': 'Thai Port', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thai_Port_F.C.', 'summary': "Port Football Club ( Thai : การท่าเรือ ) , formerly Singhtarua Football Club ( Thai : สิงห์ท่าเรือ ) , is a Thai football club based at the 9,000 capacity PAT Stadium in Khlong Toei District of central Bangkok . They compete in Thai League 1 and are one of the most successful clubs in Thai football history , having won the Kor Royal Cup 8 times and the Queen 's Cup 6 times . In 2009 Thai Port added the Thai FA Cup to their list of honours . The 2010 season Thai Port triumphant again as they won the newly introduced Thai League Cup ."}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 December 2011', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season statistics -- Hat-tricks', 'section_text': 'Key 4 Player scored four goals 5 Player scored five goals', 'uid': '2011_Thai_Premier_League_1', 'intro': '2011 Thai Premier League (known as Sponsor Thai Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the 15th season of the Thai Premier League since its establishment in 1996. A total of 18 teams are competing in the league due to a two team expansion, with Muangthong United as the defending champions. The season started on 12 February 2011 and is generally broken down into 2 legs. The first leg being played from February to early June with the second leg taking place from late July to November. During the league break, the opening rounds of the FA Cup and League Cup take place.'}
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What is the squared kilometers of surface area of the home country of Apipoo Suntornpanavej ?
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513,120
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02a44a303b222230
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland', 'title': 'List of political parties in Northern Ireland', 'header': ['Leader', 'Years', 'Party/Period', 'Constituency'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ian Paisley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Paisley', 'summary': 'Ian Richard Kyle Paisley , Baron Bannside PC ( 6 April 1926 - 12 September 2014 ) , was a loyalist politician and Protestant religious leader from Northern Ireland . He became a Protestant evangelical minister in 1946 and remained one for the rest of his life . In 1951 he co-founded the fundamentalist Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster and was its leader until 2008 . Paisley became known for his fiery sermons and regularly preached and protested against Roman Catholicism , ecumenism and homosexuality . He gained a large group of followers who were referred to as Paisleyites . Paisley became involved in Ulster unionist/loyalist politics in the late 1950s . In the mid-late 1960s , he led and instigated loyalist opposition to the Catholic civil rights movement in Northern Ireland . This contributed to the outbreak of the Troubles in the late 1960s , a conflict that would engulf Northern Ireland for the next thirty years . In 1970 he became Member of Parliament for North Antrim and the following year he founded the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) , which he would lead for almost forty years . In 1979 he became a Member of the European Parliament . Throughout the Troubles , Paisley was seen as a firebrand and the face of hardline unionism . He opposed all attempts to resolve the conflict through power-sharing between unionists and Irish nationalists/republicans , and all attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern affairs .'}]}, {'value': '42y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protestant Unionist Party 1966-1971 Democratic Unionist Party 1971-2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Protestant_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Protestant Unionist Party ( PUP ) was a unionist political party operating in Northern Ireland from 1966 to 1971 . It was the forerunner of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and emerged from the Ulster Protestant Action ( UPA ) movement . It was founded an led by Ian Paisley , who also founded and led the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster . The UPA had two councillors elected to Belfast Corporation . In 1967 , both were re-elected as PUP candidates . The PUP stood six candidates against the ruling Ulster Unionist Party of the Northern Ireland parliament in the January 1969 general election . They polled over 20,000 votes , but gained no seats . When Terence O'Neill ( the then Northern Irish Prime Minister ) stood down from Stormont in 1970 along with one of his colleagues , the PUP nominated candidates for the two vacant seats . Both were successful . Ian Paisley and fellow Free Presbyterian minister , the Rev . William Beattie , PUP leader and deputy respectively , were elected . In that year 's Westminster general election , Paisley was elected to represent Antrim North in the British House of Commons ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland favouring British identity . It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley , who led the party for the next 37 years . Now led by Arlene Foster , it is equal with Sinn Féin in having the most seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly , and it is the fifth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . The DUP evolved from the Protestant Unionist Party and has historically strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster , the church Paisley founded . During the Troubles , the DUP were opposed to power-sharing with Irish nationalists or republicans as a means of resolving the conflict , and likewise rejected attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern Irish affairs . It campaigned against the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 , the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 , and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 . In 2006 , the DUP co-signed the St Andrews Agreement and agreed to share power with the republican party Sinn Fein who agreed to support the Police Service , courts , and rule of law . The party has been linked to various loyalist paramilitary groups , namely Ulster Resistance ( URM ) and Third Force . The URM was formed on 10 November 1986 by DUP politicians Paisley , Peter Robinson and Ivan Foster , with the stated aim to take direct action as and when required to bring down the Agreement and defeat republicanism . Recruitment rallies were held in towns across Northern Ireland and thousands were said to have joined . The following year , the URM helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland , which were shared out between the URM , the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) and the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) . In 1989 , URM members attempted to trade Shorts ' missile blueprints for weapons from the apartheid South African regime ."}]}, {'value': 'Bannside , North Antrim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bannside_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Bannside was a single-member county constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North Antrim is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Ian Paisley Jr of the DUP .'}]}, {'value': 'Ruairí Ó Brádaigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruairí_Ó_Brádaigh', 'summary': 'Ruairí Ó Brádaigh ( IPA : [ ˈɾˠuəɾʲiː oː ˈbˠɾˠaːd̪ˠiː ] ; born Peter Roger Casement Brady ; 2 October 1932 - 5 June 2013 ) was an Irish republican political and military leader . He was Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) from 1958 to 1959 and again from 1960 to 1962 , president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983 , and president of Republican Sinn Féin from 1987 to 2009 .'}]}, {'value': '36y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinn Féin 1970-1983 Republican Sinn Féin 1986-2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "Sinn Féin ( /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ shin FAYN , Irish : [ ʃɪnʲ ˈfʲeːnʲ ] ; English : [ We ] Ourselves ) is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then - notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics - Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael - in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War . The party took its current form in 1970 after another split ( with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers ' Party of Ireland ) . It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018 . Sinn Féin is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly , winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election . In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party , and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020 [ update ] . In the UK House of Commons , Sinn Féin holds seven of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats , making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP ; there it follows a policy of abstentionism , refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills . In the Oireachtas ( the parliament of the Republic of Ireland ) , Sinn Féin won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Republican_Sinn_Féin', 'summary': 'Republican Sinn Féin or RSF ( Irish : Sinn Féin Poblachtach ) is an Irish republican political party in Ireland . RSF claims to be heirs of the Sinn Féin party founded in 1905 and took its present form in 1986 following a split in Sinn Féin . RSF members take seats when elected to local government in the Republic of Ireland , but do not recognise the validity of the Partition of Ireland . It subsequently does not recognise the legitimacy of the parliaments of Northern Ireland ( Stormont ) or the Republic of Ireland ( Leinster House ) , so the party does not register itself with them . The party emerged around the supporters of Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Dáithí Ó Conaill . As Irish republican legitimists , they rejected the reformism of Gerry Adams and other members of Sinn Féin who supported abandoning the policy of abstentionism . They support the Éire Nua policy which allows for devolution of power to provincial governments . RSF holds that the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916 continues to exist , and that the Continuity Irish Republican Army Council is its de jure government . The organisation views itself as representing true or traditional Irish republicanism , while in the mainstream media the organisation is portrayed as a political expression of dissident republicanism . Republican Sinn Féin rejects the Good Friday Agreement and the Anglo-Irish Treaty ; as part of this they assert that Irish republicans have the right to use militant means to defend the Irish Republic and considers the Continuity Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) to be the legitimate army of the Irish Republic .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerry Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerry_Adams', 'summary': 'Gerard Adams ( Irish : Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh ; born 6 October 1948 ) is an Irish republican politician who was the President of Sinn Féin political party between 13 November 1983 and 10 February 2018 , and served as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) for Louth from 2011 to 2020 . From 1983 to 1992 and from 1997 to 2011 , he was an abstentionist Member of Parliament ( MP ) of the British Parliament for the Belfast West constituency . In 1984 , Adams was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by several gunmen from the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) , including John Gregg . From the late 1980s onwards , Adams was an important figure in the Northern Ireland peace process , initially following contact by the then-Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) leader John Hume and then subsequently with the Irish and British governments . Under Adams , Sinn Féin changed its traditional policy of abstentionism towards the Oireachtas , the parliament of the Republic of Ireland , in 1986 and later took seats in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly . In 2005 , the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) stated that its armed campaign was over and that it was exclusively committed to peaceful politics . In 2014 , he was held for four days by the Police Service of Northern Ireland for questioning in connection with the abduction and murder of Jean McConville in 1972 . He was freed without charge and a file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service , which later stated there was insufficient evidence to charge him , as had been expected since shortly after his release . Adams announced in November 2017 that he would step down as leader of Sinn Féin in 2018 , and that he would not stand for re-election to his seat in the Dáil in the next election . He was succeeded as President of Sinn Féin by Mary Lou McDonald at a special ardfheis ( party conference ) on 10 February 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '35y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinn Féin 1983-2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "Sinn Féin ( /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ shin FAYN , Irish : [ ʃɪnʲ ˈfʲeːnʲ ] ; English : [ We ] Ourselves ) is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then - notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics - Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael - in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War . The party took its current form in 1970 after another split ( with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers ' Party of Ireland ) . It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018 . Sinn Féin is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly , winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election . In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party , and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020 [ update ] . In the UK House of Commons , Sinn Féin holds seven of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats , making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP ; there it follows a policy of abstentionism , refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills . In the Oireachtas ( the parliament of the Republic of Ireland ) , Sinn Féin won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election ."}]}, {'value': 'West Belfast , Louth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Belfast West is a parliamentary constituency ( seat ) in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . The current MP is Paul Maskey of Sinn Féin . In 2017 it ranked the most secure of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats by percentage and/or numerical tally of its winning majority , followed by North Down and by North Antrim respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Louth_(Dáil_constituency)', 'summary': 'Louth is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann , the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas . The constituency elects 5 deputies ( Teachtaí Dála , commonly known as TDs ) . The method of election is the single transferable vote form of proportional representation ( PR-STV ) .'}]}, {'value': 'William Norton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Norton', 'summary': "William Joseph Norton ( 2 November 1900 - 4 December 1963 ) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as Tánaiste from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957 , Leader of the Labour Party from 1932 to 1960 , Minister for Social Welfare from 1948 to 1951 and Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1954 to 1957 . He was a Teachta Dála ( TD ) from 1926 to 1927 and from 1932 to 1961 . Norton was born in Dublin in 1900 . He joined the postal service in 1916 . By 1920 , he was a prominent member of the Irish Postal Union and the wider trade union movement in Ireland . From 1924 to 1957 , he served as Secretary of the Post Office Workers ' Union . He was elected as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) for Dublin County at a by-election in 1926 , but was defeated at the June 1927 general election . In Professor Tom Garvin 's review of the 1950s 'News from a New Republic ' , he comes in for praise as a moderniser . Garvin places him with a cross party group including Gerard Sweetman and Daniel Morrissey of Fine Gael as well as Seán Lemass of Fianna Fáil who were pushing a modernising agenda . He represented Kildare from 1932 until his death in 1963 . In 1932 , he became leader of the Labour Party . In the First Inter-Party Government from 1948 to 1951 , Norton became Tánaiste and Minister for Social Welfare ."}]}, {'value': '28y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irish Labour 1932-1960', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)', 'summary': "The Labour Party ( Irish : Páirtí an Lucht Oibre ) is a social democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland . Founded in 1912 in Clonmel , County Tipperary , by James Larkin , James Connolly , and William X. O'Brien as the political wing of the Irish Trades Union Congress , it describes itself as a democratic socialist party in its constitution . Labour continues to be the political arm of the Irish trade union and labour movement and seeks to represent workers ' interests in the Dáil and on a local level . Unlike the other main Irish political parties , Labour did not arise as a faction of the original Sinn Féin party ( although it incorporated Democratic Left in 1999 , a party that did trace its origins back to Sinn Féin ) . The party has served as a partner in coalition governments on seven occasions since its formation : six times in coalition either with Fine Gael alone or with Fine Gael and other smaller parties , and once with Fianna Fáil . This gives Labour a cumulative total of nineteen years served as part of a government , the second-longest total of any party in the Republic of Ireland after Fianna Fáil . The current party leader is Brendan Howlin . It is currently the joint-fifth-largest party in Dáil Éireann , with six seats . In November 2018 , Labour announced that they were considering running candidates again in Northern Ireland , in response to a potential merger between Fianna Fáil and the Social Democratic and Labour Party , with whom Labour have long had fraternal links . The last time Labour had contested elections in the region was in 1973 , shortly after the SDLP 's formation . The Labour Party is a member of the Progressive Alliance , Socialist International , and Party of European Socialists ( PES ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tomás Mac Giolla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tomás_Mac_Giolla', 'summary': "Tomás Mac Giolla ( [ ˈt̪ˠʊmˠaːsˠ mˠək ˈɡɪl̪ˠə ] ; born Thomas Gill ; 25 January 1924 - 4 February 2010 ) was an Irish Workers ' Party politician who served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1993 to 1994 , Leader of the Workers ' Party from 1962 to 1988 and President of Sinn Féin from 1962 to 1970 . He served as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Dublin West constituency from 1982 to 1992 ."}]}, {'value': '26y', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sinn Féin 1962-1970 Official Sinn Féin 1970-1977 Sinn Féin The Workers Party 1977-1982 Workers ' Party 1982-1988", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "Sinn Féin ( /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ shin FAYN , Irish : [ ʃɪnʲ ˈfʲeːnʲ ] ; English : [ We ] Ourselves ) is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then - notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics - Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael - in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War . The party took its current form in 1970 after another split ( with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers ' Party of Ireland ) . It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018 . Sinn Féin is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly , winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election . In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party , and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020 [ update ] . In the UK House of Commons , Sinn Féin holds seven of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats , making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP ; there it follows a policy of abstentionism , refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills . In the Oireachtas ( the parliament of the Republic of Ireland ) , Sinn Féin won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Official_Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "The Workers ' Party ( Irish : Páirtí na nOibrithe ) is a Marxist-Leninist political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . It arose as the original Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but took its current form in 1970 following a division within the party , in which it was the larger faction . This majority group continued under the same leadership as Sinn Féin ( Gardiner Place ) or Official Sinn Féin , while the breakaway group became known as Sinn Féin ( Kevin Street ) or Provisional Sinn Féin ( giving rise to the contemporary party known as Sinn Féin ) . The party name was changed to Sinn Féin - The Workers ' Party in 1977 and then to the Workers ' Party in 1982 . Throughout its history , the party has been closely associated with the Official Irish Republican Army . Notable organisations that derived from it include Democratic Left and the Irish Republican Socialist Party . The party has one representative at local government level : Ted Tynan on Cork City Council ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin_The_Workers_Party', 'summary': "The Workers ' Party ( Irish : Páirtí na nOibrithe ) is a Marxist-Leninist political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . It arose as the original Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but took its current form in 1970 following a division within the party , in which it was the larger faction . This majority group continued under the same leadership as Sinn Féin ( Gardiner Place ) or Official Sinn Féin , while the breakaway group became known as Sinn Féin ( Kevin Street ) or Provisional Sinn Féin ( giving rise to the contemporary party known as Sinn Féin ) . The party name was changed to Sinn Féin - The Workers ' Party in 1977 and then to the Workers ' Party in 1982 . Throughout its history , the party has been closely associated with the Official Irish Republican Army . Notable organisations that derived from it include Democratic Left and the Irish Republican Socialist Party . The party has one representative at local government level : Ted Tynan on Cork City Council ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Workers'_Party_of_Ireland", 'summary': "The Workers ' Party ( Irish : Páirtí na nOibrithe ) is a Marxist-Leninist political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . It arose as the original Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but took its current form in 1970 following a division within the party , in which it was the larger faction . This majority group continued under the same leadership as Sinn Féin ( Gardiner Place ) or Official Sinn Féin , while the breakaway group became known as Sinn Féin ( Kevin Street ) or Provisional Sinn Féin ( giving rise to the contemporary party known as Sinn Féin ) . The party name was changed to Sinn Féin - The Workers ' Party in 1977 and then to the Workers ' Party in 1982 . Throughout its history , the party has been closely associated with the Official Irish Republican Army . Notable organisations that derived from it include Democratic Left and the Irish Republican Socialist Party . The party has one representative at local government level : Ted Tynan on Cork City Council ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Smyth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugh_Smyth', 'summary': "Hugh Smyth , OBE ( 1941 - 12 May 2014 ) was a Northern Irish politician who was leader of the Progressive Unionist Party . He was a former Lord Mayor of Belfast as well as the longest serving member of Belfast City Council , having represented the Upper Shankill Road area since 1973 . Smyth was awarded the Order of the British Empire in the 1996 New Year 's Honours list ."}]}, {'value': '23y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Progressive Unionist Party 1979-2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Progressive Unionist Party ( PUP ) is a small unionist political party in Northern Ireland . It was formed from the Independent Unionist Group operating in the Shankill area of Belfast , becoming the PUP in 1979 . Linked to the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) and Red Hand Commando ( RHC ) , it was for a time it described itself as the only left of centre unionist party in Northern Ireland , with its main support base in the loyalist working class communities of Belfast . Since the Ulster Democratic Party 's dissolution in 2001 , the PUP has been the sole party in Northern Ireland representing paramilitary loyalism ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Hume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Hume', 'summary': "John Hume , KCSG ( born 18 January 1937 ) is an Irish former politician from Derry , Northern Ireland . He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party , and was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize , with David Trimble . He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) , a position he held from 1979 until 2001 . He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of the UK Parliament , as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly . He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the recent political history of Ireland and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process . He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award , the only recipient of the three major peace awards . In 2010 he was named Ireland 's Greatest in a public poll by Irish national broadcaster RTÉ to find the greatest person in Ireland 's history . In 2012 , Pope Benedict XVI made Hume a Knight Commander of the Papal Order of St. Gregory the Great ."}]}, {'value': '22y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Social Democratic and Labour Party 1979-2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party', 'summary': "The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) ( Irish : Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre ) is a social-democratic , Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland . The SDLP currently has 12 MLAs in the Northern Ireland Assembly and two MPs in Westminster . The SDLP party platform advocates Irish reunification , and the further devolution of powers while Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom . During the Troubles , the SDLP was the most popular Irish nationalist party in Northern Ireland , but since the Provisional IRA ceasefire in 1994 , it has lost ground to the republican party Sinn Féin , which in 2001 became the more popular of the two parties for the first time . Established during the Troubles , a significant difference between the two parties was the SDLP 's rejection of violence , in contrast to Sinn Féin 's support for the Provisional IRA and physical force republicanism . Since February 2019 , the SDLP have been in partnership with Fianna Fáil ."}]}, {'value': 'Foyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foyle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Foyle is a parliamentary constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . The current MP is Colum Eastwood of the SDLP .'}]}, {'value': 'Albert McElroy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_McElroy', 'summary': 'Albert Horatio McElroy ( 14 February 1915 - 13 March 1975 ) was a minister of religion and politician in Northern Ireland . Born in Glasgow , McElroy studied at Trinity College Dublin , then at Manchester College in Oxford ( since 1996 known as Harris Manchester College ) . McElroy joined the Northern Ireland Labour Party ( NILP ) , in which he acted as an ally of Harry Midgley , and was elected as party Chair . He also became a local councillor . In 1942 , Midgley split away to form the Commonwealth Labour Party . McElroy followed , and he stood for the party in Ards at the 1945 Northern Ireland general election . He was one of the more successful candidates , taking 41.5% of the vote , but was not elected . In 1947 , Midgley disbanded the party and joined the Ulster Unionists . McElroy was the most prominent of a small group of members who instead returned to the NILP . At the 1950 UK general election , McElroy stood for the NILP in North Down , receiving 20.6% of the votes cast , taking him to a distant second place . He stood again in the 1951 general election , but fell back to 18.6% . McElroy became the Minister of the 1st Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church in Newtownards in 1954 , a post he held until his death .'}]}, {'value': '19y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulster Liberal Party 1956-1975 ( ? )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Liberal Party was a liberal and non-sectarian political party in Northern Ireland linked to the British Liberal Party . The party was officially neutral on the constitutional position of Northern Ireland . Members expressed different views on the issue but agreed that Northern Ireland could only join the Republic of Ireland if that was the wish of the majority of the people of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Craigavon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon', 'summary': 'James Craig , 1st Viscount Craigavon , PC , PC ( NI ) DL ( 8 January 1871 - 24 November 1940 ) , was a prominent Irish unionist politician , leader of the Ulster Unionist Party and the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland . He was created a baronet in 1918 and raised to the Peerage in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': '19y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulster Unionist Party 1921-1940', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . Having gathered support in Northern Ireland during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries , the party governed Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972 . It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles , during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party ( OUP ) . Between 1905 and 1972 its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster , considered as part of the Conservative Party . It is currently the fourth-largest party in Northern Ireland , having been overtaken in 2003 by the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and Sinn Féin , and in 2017 by the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The party has been unrepresented in Westminster since losing its two seats in 2017 . Most recently , the party won 11.7% of the vote in Northern Ireland and no seats in 2019 , placing fifth behind the DUP , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , and SDLP . In 2016 , the UUP and the SDLP decided not to accept the seats on the Northern Ireland Executive to which they would have been entitled and to form an official opposition to the executive . This marked the first time that a devolved government in Northern Ireland did not include the UUP . Steve Aiken succeeded Robin Swann as leader , in November 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Down , North Down', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Down was a county constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1929 . It returned eight MPs , using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Down_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North Down was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'John Redmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Redmond', 'summary': 'John Edward Redmond ( 1 September 1856 - 6 March 1918 ) was an Irish nationalist politician , barrister , and MP in the British House of Commons . He was best known as leader of the moderate Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ) from 1900 until his death in 1918 . He was also leader of the paramilitary organisation the Irish National Volunteers ( INV ) . He was born to an old prominent Catholic family in rural Ireland ; several relatives were politicians . He took over control of the minority IPP faction loyal to Charles Stewart Parnell when that leader died in 1891 . Redmond was a conciliatory politician who achieved the two main objectives of his political life : party unity and , in September 1914 , the passing of the Irish Home Rule Act . The Act granted limited self-government to Ireland , within the United Kingdom . However , implementation of Home Rule was suspended by the outbreak of the First World War . Redmond called on the National Volunteers to join Irish regiments of the New British Army and support the British and Allied war effort to restore the freedom of small nations on the European continent , thereby to also ensure the implementation of Home Rule after a war that was expected to be of short duration . However , after the Easter Rising of 1916 , Irish public opinion shifted in favour of militant republicanism and full Irish independence , so that his party lost its dominance in Irish politics . In sharp contrast to Parnell , Redmond lacked charisma . He worked well in small committees , but had little success in arousing large audiences .'}]}, {'value': '18y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irish Parliamentary Party 1900-1918', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party', 'summary': 'The Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party ) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt , the leader of the Nationalist Party , replacing the Home Rule League , as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament ( MPs ) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918 . Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform . Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills .'}]}, {'value': 'Waterford City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waterford_City_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Waterford City was a United Kingdom parliamentary constituency , in southeast Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Lord Brookeborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basil_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Brookeborough', 'summary': 'Basil Stanlake Brooke , 1st Viscount Brookeborough , KG , CBE , MC , TD , PC ( Ire ) ( 9 June 1888 - 18 August 1973 ) , styled as Sir Basil Brooke , 5th Baronet , from 1907-52 , was an Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) politician who became the third Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in May 1943 , holding office until March 1963 . Lord Brookeborough had previously held several ministerial positions in the Government of Northern Ireland , and has been described as perhaps the last Unionist leader to command respect , loyalty and affection across the social and political spectrum of the movement . He has also been described as one of the most hardline anti-Catholic leaders of the UUP .'}]}, {'value': '17y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulster Unionist Party 1946-1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . Having gathered support in Northern Ireland during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries , the party governed Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972 . It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles , during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party ( OUP ) . Between 1905 and 1972 its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster , considered as part of the Conservative Party . It is currently the fourth-largest party in Northern Ireland , having been overtaken in 2003 by the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and Sinn Féin , and in 2017 by the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The party has been unrepresented in Westminster since losing its two seats in 2017 . Most recently , the party won 11.7% of the vote in Northern Ireland and no seats in 2019 , placing fifth behind the DUP , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , and SDLP . In 2016 , the UUP and the SDLP decided not to accept the seats on the Northern Ireland Executive to which they would have been entitled and to form an official opposition to the executive . This marked the first time that a devolved government in Northern Ireland did not include the UUP . Steve Aiken succeeded Robin Swann as leader , in November 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lisnaskea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisnaskea_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Lisnaskea was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'James Molyneaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Molyneaux', 'summary': 'James Henry Molyneaux , Baron Molyneaux of Killead , KBE , PC ( 27 August 1920 - 9 March 2015 ) , often known as Jim Molyneaux , was a Northern Irish unionist politician , and leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1979 to 1995 . He was a leading member and sometime Vice-President of the Conservative Monday Club . An Orangeman , he was also Sovereign Grand Master of the Royal Black Institution from 1971 to 1995 .'}]}, {'value': '16y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulster Unionist Party 1979-1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . Having gathered support in Northern Ireland during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries , the party governed Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972 . It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles , during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party ( OUP ) . Between 1905 and 1972 its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster , considered as part of the Conservative Party . It is currently the fourth-largest party in Northern Ireland , having been overtaken in 2003 by the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and Sinn Féin , and in 2017 by the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The party has been unrepresented in Westminster since losing its two seats in 2017 . Most recently , the party won 11.7% of the vote in Northern Ireland and no seats in 2019 , placing fifth behind the DUP , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , and SDLP . In 2016 , the UUP and the SDLP decided not to accept the seats on the Northern Ireland Executive to which they would have been entitled and to form an official opposition to the executive . This marked the first time that a devolved government in Northern Ireland did not include the UUP . Steve Aiken succeeded Robin Swann as leader , in November 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'South Antrim , Lagan Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Antrim_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'South Antrim is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Paul Girvan of the DUP .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lagan_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Lagan Valley is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Jeffrey Donaldson of the DUP .'}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Devlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Devlin', 'summary': 'Joseph Devlin ( 13 February 1871 - 18 January 1934 ) was an Irish journalist and influential nationalist politician . He was a Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the Irish Parliamentary Party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , and later a Nationalist Party MP in the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': '16y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nationalist Party 1918-1934', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Northern_Ireland)', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Party ( Irish : An Páirtí Náisiúnach ) was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ) , and was formed after partition , by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP .'}]}, {'value': 'Belfast Falls , Fermanagh and Tyrone , Belfast Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_Falls_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Falls , a division of Belfast , was a UK parliamentary constituency in Ireland . It returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1922 , using the first past the post electoral system .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fermanagh_and_Tyrone_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Fermanagh and Tyrone was a Parliamentary Constituency in Northern Ireland which was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elected two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) using the bloc vote system .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belfast_Central_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast Central was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Gerry Fitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerry_Fitt', 'summary': 'Gerard Fitt , Baron Fitt ( 9 April 1926 - 26 August 2005 ) was a politician in Northern Ireland . He was a founder and the first leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) , a social democratic and Irish nationalist party .'}]}, {'value': '15y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republican Labour Party 1964-1970 Social Democratic and Labour Party 1970-1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party', 'summary': 'The Republican Labour Party ( RLP ) was a political party in Northern Ireland . It was founded in 1964 , with two MPs at Stormont , Harry Diamond and Gerry Fitt . They had previously been the sole Northern Ireland representatives of the Socialist Republican Party and the Irish Labour Party respectively , so a common joke was that two one-man parties had become one two-man party . [ citation needed ] Fitt won the West Belfast seat in the UK general election of 1966 , and held it in the 1970 election . In August 1970 , Fitt founded the Social Democratic and Labour Party , and he and Senator Paddy Wilson were expelled from the RLP by a vote of 52 to 1 . Paddy Kennedy was elected as the new party leader . He formally withdrew from Parliament in 1971 , and adopted a more strongly Irish republican stance , agreeing to attend a conference organised by William Whitelaw only if he could bring Irish Republican Army members as part of his delegation . The party was wiped out in both the 1973 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly and the 1973 local elections and as a result was disbanded .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party', 'summary': "The Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) ( Irish : Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre ) is a social-democratic , Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland . The SDLP currently has 12 MLAs in the Northern Ireland Assembly and two MPs in Westminster . The SDLP party platform advocates Irish reunification , and the further devolution of powers while Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom . During the Troubles , the SDLP was the most popular Irish nationalist party in Northern Ireland , but since the Provisional IRA ceasefire in 1994 , it has lost ground to the republican party Sinn Féin , which in 2001 became the more popular of the two parties for the first time . Established during the Troubles , a significant difference between the two parties was the SDLP 's rejection of violence , in contrast to Sinn Féin 's support for the Provisional IRA and physical force republicanism . Since February 2019 , the SDLP have been in partnership with Fianna Fáil ."}]}, {'value': 'Belfast West , Belfast Dock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Belfast West is a parliamentary constituency ( seat ) in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . The current MP is Paul Maskey of Sinn Féin . In 2017 it ranked the most secure of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats by percentage and/or numerical tally of its winning majority , followed by North Down and by North Antrim respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Belfast_Dock_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast Dock was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'James Kilfedder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Kilfedder', 'summary': 'Sir James Alexander Kilfedder ( 16 July 1928 - 20 March 1995 ) was a Northern Ireland unionist politician .'}]}, {'value': '15y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulster Popular Unionist Party 1980-1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Popular_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Ulster Popular Unionist Party ( UPUP ) was a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . It was founded in 1980 by James Kilfedder , independent Unionist Member of Parliament for North Down , who led the party until his death in 1995 . In 1981 , the party took three seats on North Down Borough Council and two seats on Ards Borough Council . Two of these were in North Down 'Area B ' , where sitting councillor George Green , a former Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party member who had been elected to the 1975 Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention , had joined the party . The other , Gladys McIntyre , was Mayor of Ards in 1985-86 . Kilfedder won a seat for the party in North Down at the 1982 Northern Ireland Assembly election . Only a minority of his votes transferred to his running mate , George Green , who missed out on taking a second seat by just six votes . Kilfedder was subsequently elected Speaker of the Assembly . Kilfedder held his seat in the UK Parliament at the 1983 general election with a large majority , but fared less well when he stood in the 1984 European election , taking only 2.9% of the first preference votes . A unionist pact enabled Kilfedder to easily win a by-election in 1986 , when he joined the other unionist MPs in resigning in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement . A challenge from Bob McCartney , standing as a Real Unionist , led to a close election in 1987 , but Kilfedder held on , and beat a Conservative Party opponent in 1992 . The party was reduced to three councillors in 1985 , and remained at this level until Kilfedder 's death in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'North Down', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Down_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Stephen Farry of the Alliance Party . Farry was elected to the position in the 2019 General Election , replacing the incumbent Sylvia Hermon , who had held the position since being elected to it in the 2001 general election , but chose not to contest in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'Margaret Buckley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margaret_Buckley', 'summary': 'Margaret Buckley ( née Goulding ; Irish : Maighréad Uí Bhuachalla ( née Ní Ghabhláin ) ; 1879 - 24 July 1962 ) was an Irish republican and president of Sinn Féin from 1937 to 1950 .'}]}, {'value': '13y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinn Féin 1937-1950', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "Sinn Féin ( /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ shin FAYN , Irish : [ ʃɪnʲ ˈfʲeːnʲ ] ; English : [ We ] Ourselves ) is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then - notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics - Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael - in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War . The party took its current form in 1970 after another split ( with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers ' Party of Ireland ) . It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018 . Sinn Féin is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly , winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election . In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party , and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020 [ update ] . In the UK House of Commons , Sinn Féin holds seven of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats , making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP ; there it follows a policy of abstentionism , refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills . In the Oireachtas ( the parliament of the Republic of Ireland ) , Sinn Féin won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert McCartney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_McCartney_(Northern_Irish_politician)', 'summary': "Robert Law McCartney , QC ( born 24 April 1936 ) is a Northern Irish barrister and a former leader of the UK Unionist Party . He was initially a member of the Ulster Unionist Party but was expelled in June 1987 when he refused to withdraw from the general election of that year . He stood against the incumbent Popular Unionist Party MP Sir James Kilfedder in North Down as a Real Unionist but failed to win the seat . In the 1995 by-election in North Down after the death of Kilfedder he was elected as a UK Unionist defeating the Ulster Unionist Party candidate . He subsequently established the United Kingdom Unionist Party to contest elections to the Northern Ireland Forum and the related talks which started in 1996 . The other party representatives to the Forum were Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien and Cedric Wilson , a former low-level DUP member in the 1980s . McCartney retained his Westminster seat in the 1997 election . He opposed the subsequent Belfast Agreement in the May 1998 referendum and his party won five seats in the Assembly elections later that year ( McCartney himself in North Down , Cedric Wilson in Strangford , Patrick Roche in Lagan Valley , Norman Boyd in South Antrim and Roger Hutchinson in East Antrim ) . However , Wilson , Roche , Boyd and Hutchinson parted company with McCartney in December 1998 because of their leader 's so-called 'exit strategy ' from the Northern Ireland Assembly in the event of Sinn Féin being allowed seats in the new Northern Ireland Government . McCartney denounced them , saying all four were famous in their own living rooms and that their supporters could fit into a telephone box . In 2008 both Wilson and Boyd attended meetings of Jim Allister 's Traditional Unionist Voice . In 1999 , McCartney ran for the party in elections to the European Parliament , winning 2.9% of the first preference vote ."}]}, {'value': '13y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK Unionist Party 1995-2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UK_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The UK Unionist Party ( UKUP ) was a small unionist political party in Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2008 that opposed the Good Friday Agreement . It was nominally formed by Robert McCartney , formerly of the Ulster Unionist Party , to contest the 1995 North Down by-election and then further constituted to contest the 1996 elections for the Northern Ireland Forum . McCartney had previously contested the 1987 general election as an independent using the label Real Unionist .'}]}, {'value': 'North Down', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Down_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Stephen Farry of the Alliance Party . Farry was elected to the position in the 2019 General Election , replacing the incumbent Sylvia Hermon , who had held the position since being elected to it in the 2001 general election , but chose not to contest in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'James McSparran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_McSparran', 'summary': "James McSparran QC ( 1 May 1892 - 15 April 1970 ) , was an Irish nationalist politician . McSparran was born in Glasgow to an Irish family He studied at St Mungo 's Academy , Glasgow , then St Malachy 's College in Belfast , Queen 's University of Belfast , and the National University of Ireland . McSparran was appointed to the Irish Bar in 1916 , and later became a King 's Counsel . He also had interests in the Irish News . At the 1945 Northern Ireland general election , McSparran was elected for the Nationalist Party in Mourne . He immediately became the Chairman of the Nationalist Party at Stormont , and was the founding Chairman of the Anti-Partition of Ireland League . In 1953 , he became instead the President of the League , and in 1958 , he stood down from Parliament and his position as Chairman of the Nationalist Party . McSparran remained active as a barrister and supported the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association ."}]}, {'value': '13y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nationalist Party 1945-1958', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Northern_Ireland)', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Party ( Irish : An Páirtí Náisiúnach ) was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ) , and was formed after partition , by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP .'}]}, {'value': 'Mourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mourne_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Mourne was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Oliver Napier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oliver_Napier', 'summary': 'Sir Oliver Napier ( 11 July 1935 - 2 July 2011 ) was the first leader of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland . In 1974 he served as the first and only Legal Minister and head of the Office of Legal Reform in the Northern Ireland power-sharing executive set up by the Sunningdale Agreement .'}]}, {'value': '12y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alliance Party 1972-1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland', 'summary': "The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland ( APNI ) is a liberal and centrist political party in Northern Ireland . It is Northern Ireland 's fifth-largest party overall , with eight seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly . It made breakthroughs in recent elections , placing third in first preference votes in the most recent European Parliament and United Kingdom general election , winning one of the three Northern Ireland seats in the European Parliament , and one seat , North Down in the House of Commons respectively . Founded in 1970 from the New Ulster Movement , the Alliance Party originally represented moderate and non-sectarian unionism . However , over time , particularly in the 1990s , it moved towards neutrality on the Union , and has come to represent wider liberal and non-sectarian concerns . It opposes the consociational power-sharing mandated by the Good Friday Agreement as deepening the sectarian divide , and , in the Northern Ireland Assembly , it is designated as neither unionist nor Irish nationalist , but 'Other ' . In general election in May 2010 the Alliance Party won their first House of Commons seat in a UK-wide general election , in the Belfast East constituency , unseating Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) . Naomi Long was the first MP from the Alliance Party since Stratton Mills , who joined the party from the Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) in 1973 . However , the DUP regained the seat at the 2015 general election following an electoral pact with the UUP , leaving the Alliance Party with no representation in the House of Commons . In the 2019 general election , Alliance regained its foothold in the House of Commons , with Stephen Farry winning the North Down seat vacated by independent Unionist , Sylvia Hermon . Earlier that year , leader and former MP , Naomi Long won the first seat in Strasbourg for the Alliance Party in the 2019 European elections . The Alliance Party is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe , and is aligned with the Liberal Democrats in Great Britain ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Joseph Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Joseph_Campbell', 'summary': "Thomas Joseph Campbell ( 14 December 1871 - 3 May 1946 ) , known as T. J. Campbell , was an Irish politician , barrister , journalist , author and judge . Campbell was born in Belfast on 14 December 1871 . He studied at St Malachy 's College and the Royal University of Ireland . He was awarded a BA in 1892 , his LL.B in 1894 and an MA in 1897 . In 1895 , he began editing The Irish News , a local Belfast-based newspaper . In 1899 , he was the Chairman of the Ulster District Institute of Journalists . In 1900 Campbell was called to the Irish Bar ( King 's Inns ) and the English Bar in 1904 . In 1918 he was appointed as a King 's Counsel . He became a Bencher of King 's Inns in 1924 . Campbell was the first Treasurer of the Bar of Northern Ireland and first Secretary of the Circuit of Northern Ireland . A close friend of Joseph Devlin MP , Campbell was a supporter of John Redmond MP and stood for the Irish Parliamentary Party in South Monaghan at the 1918 general election . He lost the election to Sinn Féin 's Sean McEntee ( then in prison and later Finance Minister in the first De Valera led Government in the Irish Republic ) ."}]}, {'value': '11y', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nationalist Party 1934-1945', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Northern_Ireland)', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Party ( Irish : An Páirtí Náisiúnach ) was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ) , and was formed after partition , by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP .'}]}, {'value': 'Belfast Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_Central_(Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast Central was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Party leaders', 'section_text': 'Party leaders serving 10 years or more are', 'uid': 'List_of_political_parties_in_Northern_Ireland_1', 'intro': "Political parties in Northern Ireland lists political parties in Northern Ireland. The Northern Ireland Assembly is elected by single transferable vote and the composition of the Northern Ireland Executive is by power sharing determined by the D'Hondt system, among the members elected to the Assembly. Party affiliation is generally based on religious and ethnic background. Although Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom, it has a quite distinct party system from the rest of the country, as the Labour Party and Liberal Democrats do not contest elections there (though the Liberal Democrats have links with the Alliance Party), and the Conservative Party has received only limited support in recent elections. Some parties, such as Sinn Féin and the Workers' Party, are organised on an all-Ireland basis. Others such as the Conservative Party are organised on an all-United Kingdom basis. There are many Northern Ireland-specific parties and these, on the whole, predominate. The distinction between unionist/loyalist, nationalist/republican and other is not always easy with some parties and individuals. Some have defined themselves less by their position on the Border Question than on other political issues. For example, the former Republican Labour Party/Social Democratic and Labour Party MP Gerry Fitt's career suggests he was first and foremost a socialist rather than a nationalist and he eventually left the SDLP claiming it had drifted from its founding intentions. Similarly the Workers' Party has its roots in the republican Official IRA but nowadays is considered to be a non-violent socialist and nationalist party. Several parties strive to be avowedly non-sectarian and would not consider themselves to be either unionist or nationalist."}
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What is the birthday of the leader who was in charge for 28y ?
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2 November 1900
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02a4d8bf55d20bcd
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'Lesotho at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Motsapi Moorosi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motsapi_Moorosi', 'summary': "Motsapi Moorosi ( 4 May 1945 - 8 February 2013 ) was a Lesotho sprinter . He competed in the men 's 100 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 38 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 14 for women . There were a total number of 1324 participating athletes from 104 countries .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mochochonono Mokhutlole', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chef de mission', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noheku Nteso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noheku_Nteso', 'summary': "Noheku Nteso ( born 1 August 1962 ) is a Lesotho long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 1988 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul a total number of 42 events in athletics were contested : 24 by men and 18 by women . There were a total number of 1617 participating athletes from 149 countries .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessie Mathunta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chef de mission', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mokete Mokhosi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mokete_Mokhosi', 'summary': "Mokete Mokhosi ( born 7 May 1969 ) is a Lesotho taekwondo practitioner . He competed in the men 's 80 kg category during the 2000 Summer Olympics . He also competed in the 1997 and 1999 World Taekwondo Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo was contested as an official sport at the Olympic Games for the first time at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . It had previously been a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992 . Medals were awarded in four weight classes each for men and women . Tran Hieu Ngan became the first Vietnamese Olympic medalist in this competition .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lineo Mochesane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lineo_Mochesane', 'summary': "Lineo Mochesane ( born July 29 , 1984 ) is a female Lesotho taekwondo athlete . She won her first international gold medal in the women 's finweight division ( -47 kg ) at the 2003 All-Africa Games . Mochesan was the flag bearer for Lesotho during the Opening Ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics . She competed in the women 's 49 kg class in the taekwondo tournament at the Olympics but lost in the first round to Austria 's Nevena Lukic . After the Olympics , Mochesan had limited success . In 2006 , she won silver in women 's finweight at the World Military Taekwondo Championships in Seoul , South Korea ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics were held in the Sports Pavilion at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex in Athens , Greece where 124 competitors competed in eight events , four each for men and women .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simon Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simon_Maine', 'summary': "Simon Tsotang Maine ( born August 10 , 1974 in Ha Molengoane , Ratau , Lesotho ) is a Basotho long-distance runner who competed in the men 's marathon event at the 2008 Summer Olympics . He was the flag bearer of Lesotho during the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics were held during the last ten days of the games , from August 15 to August 24 , 2008 , at the Beijing National Stadium . The Olympic sport of athletics is split into four distinct sets of events : track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events . Both men and women had very similar schedules of events . Men competed in 24 events and women in 23 , as their schedule lacked the 50 km race walk . In addition , both the men 's 110 m hurdles and decathlon are reflected in the women 's schedule by the 100 m hurdles and heptathlon , respectively . The Olympic record was broken in 17 returning events . In five events , including the inaugural women 's 3000 m steeplechase , the world record was broken . The athletics was , alongside the Olympic cycling events , one of the few large sports programmes in which the host nation fared comparatively poorly in terms of medals won . Despite a haul of 100 medals at the games as a whole , Chinese athletes took home two bronze medals from the athletics events . The country 's foremost athlete Liu Xiang , the 2004 Olympic champion in the 110 metres hurdles , had to withdraw after a false start due to injury . In the years following the events , results were significantly affected by doping findings ; 19 of the 47 events have had amendments to their medal rankings as a result of testing and retesting of samples taken at or before the Games . Multiple medalists have been sanctioned for doping violations ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mamorallo Tjoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mamorallo_Tjoka', 'summary': "'Mamoroallo Tjoka ( born 25 October 1984 in Ha Seqhoe , Malehloana , Lesotho ) is a Basotho long-distance runner who competed in the marathon event at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics . She was the flag bearer of Lesotho during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The athletics competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held during the last 10 days of the Games , on 3-12 August . Track and field events took place at the Olympic Stadium in east London . The road events , however , started and finished on The Mall in central London . Over 2,000 athletes from 201 nations competed in 47 events in total , with both men and women having a very similar schedule of events . Men competed in 24 events and women in 23 , of which 21 were the same for both . The women 's schedule lacked the 50 km race walk and included 100 m hurdles and heptathlon as opposed to the men 's 110 m hurdles and decathlon . The youngest participant in the athletics competition was Andorran 15-year-old Cristina Llovera while the oldest was 46-year-old Ukrainian Oleksandr Dryhol . South African Oscar Pistorius became the first amputee sprinter to compete at the Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mosito Lehata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mosito_Lehata', 'summary': "Mosito Lehata ( born 8 April 1989 in Maseru ) is a Mosotho athlete competing in sprinting events . He is the current holder of the Lesotho national record for the 100-meter at 10.11 seconds , and has consistently won the national track championships on shorter tracks . He was eliminated in the first round of the men 's 200 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Lehata found success in the 200 m event at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics when he finished in the first round ahead of Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt and advanced to the semifinals . He set a new national record in the 200 m at the 2014 Commonwealth Games , finishing in 4th , four hundredths of a second behind the bronze medal winner . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , he competed in the 100 m and 200 m events . He finished 4th in his heat for the 100 m with a time of 10.25 seconds and did not qualify for the semifinals . He finished 7th in his heat for the 200 m with a season best time of 20.65 seconds , but did not qualify for the semifinals . He was the flagbearer for Lesotho during the Parade of Nations ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics were held during the last 10 days of the games , from 12-21 August 2016 , at the Olympic Stadium . The sport of athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics was made into three distinct sets of events : track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Flag bearers', 'section_text': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Lesotho at the Olympics . [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Lesotho_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Lesotho first participated at the Olympic Games in 1972 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when they boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics along with most other African nations. Lesotho has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games. To date, no athlete from Lesotho has ever won an Olympic medal. The National Olympic Committee for Lesotho was created in 1971 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1972.'}
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Between 2001 and 2017 how many Olympics took part in Asia ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Perth_Carnival', 'title': '1972 Perth Carnival', 'header': ['Name', 'Age', 'Position', 'Club'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ross Smith ( c )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ross_G._Smith', 'summary': "Ross Gibson Smith ( born 8 September 1942 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Smith played with St Kilda as a courageous rover . He won the Brownlow Medal in 1967 and captained Victoria at the 1972 Perth Carnival . He once broke his arm smothering a ball in the late sixties and recovered to captain the Saints in the early seventies . After retiring he coached Subiaco to a premiership in 1973 . He also coached his former club St Kilda for a single season ( 1977 ) , leading them only three wins and to their first wooden spoon in 22 years . He also went on to lecture in physical education in a tertiary college in Melbourne during the 1980s . He was inducted to the Saints inaugural Hall of Fame in 2003 . In addition he was chosen as first rover in St Kilda 's Team of the Century ."}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Kilda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club', 'summary': "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Stan Alves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Alves', 'summary': 'Neil Stanley Stan Alves , OAM ( born 22 May 1946 ) is a former Australian rules football player and coach .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wingman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Bartlett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Bartlett_(Australian_rules_footballer)', 'summary': "Kevin Charles Bartlett AM ( born 6 March 1947 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who played in the Victorian Football League between 1965 and 1983 for the Richmond Football Club . He has played the third highest number of games in VFL/AFL history . He won five premierships with Richmond , and won their best and fairest medal five times . In 2008 , he was listed by journalist Mike Sheahan as the ninth greatest player of all time in the AFL-commissioned book , The Australian Game of Football . Following his retirement as a player , Bartlett developed a successful career as a sports commentator and broadcaster on both television and radio . He was a member of the AFL 's rules committee for many years until he retired on 4 March 2014. as well as the selection panel for the All-Australian Team and AFL Rising Star awards . On 1 September 1987 he was appointed coach of Richmond , but his sacking after four unsuccessful seasons led to Bartlett not returning to the club for the following 16 years ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Bedford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Bedford', 'summary': "Peter Lawrence Anthony Wheels Bedford ( born 11 April 1947 ) is a former Australian Rules footballer and first-class cricketer . As a footballer , he is best known for his time at South Melbourne , where he won Victorian Football League 's ( VFL 's ) Brownlow Medal in 1970 as the fairest and the best in the competition . Bedford began his football career at Christian Brothers College Victoria Parade , East Melbourne . He began his senior career in the Victorian Football Association , where he played at Port Melbourne Football Club . He was part of the Port Melbourne team which lost the controversial 1967 VFA Grand Final against Dandenong . He played 52 senior games with Port Melbourne during this phase of his career . At the end of the 1967 football season , Bedford was approached by South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) club Port Adelaide with an offer to move to South Australia to play for Port Adelaide as well as for the South Australian cricket team . South Australian cricket selector Sir Donald Bradman considered Bedford a leading candidate for the Australian cricket team and urged Bedford to accept the offer from Port Adelaide . However , he opted instead to stay in Melbourne and moved to VFL club South Melbourne . He played for South Melbourne between 1968 and 1976 , playing 178 games and kicking 325 goals . He was the Swans ' Best & Fairest on five occasions , leading goalkicker three times and in 1970 he won a Brownlow Medal as the league 's best and fairest player . He played for the Swans as a rover but was also thrown forward to kick a goal when they needed it ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centreman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Swans', 'summary': "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': 'Francis Bourke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Bourke', 'summary': "Francis William Bourke ( born 2 April 1947 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who represented Richmond in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) between 1967 and 1981 , and coached the club in 1982 and 1983 . A key figure in a successful period at Richmond , Bourke is a five-time premiership player who was honoured with selection in the AFL 's Team of the Century . His is the only family to have provided three generations of players for the Richmond senior team : Bourke 's father , Frank , played 16 matches in the 1940s and his son , David played 85 games between 1995 and 2001 . In 2009 The Australian newspaper nominated Bourke as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wingman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': 'David Clarke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Clarke_(Australian_footballer,_born_1952)', 'summary': 'David E. Clarke ( born 31 December 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer with the Geelong Football Club . Better known as a half-forward flanker he also played in the centre and centre half-back . He won the club Best and Fairest three times and was runner-up four times . Clarke was a director of the failed Geelong based Pyramid Building Society , which collapsed in 1990 with debts of A $ 2 billion . He was charged with 13 breaches of the Building Societies Act and was given a two-year suspended jail sentence and fined $ 47,000 after pleading guilty .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half forward flanker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geelong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ."}]}, {'value': 'Barry Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_Davis_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Barry Davis ( born 15 September 1943 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) with Essendon and North Melbourne , before coaching his original team between 1978 and 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half back flanker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Essendon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Essendon Football Club , nicknamed the Bombers , is a professional Australian rules football club that plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Thought to have formed in 1872 , the club played its first recorded game on 7 June 1873 against a Carlton Second 20 , winning 1 goal to nil . The club played a senior club in the Victorian Football Association in 1878 , one year after the VFA formed . It is historically associated with Essendon , a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne , Victoria . Since 2013 , the club has been headquartered at The Hangar , Melbourne Airport , and plays its home games at either Docklands Stadium or the Melbourne Cricket Ground ; throughout most of its history the club 's home ground and headquarters was Windy Hill , Essendon , where it played from 1922 until 1991 . While it stopped playing games at the ground thereafter , Windy Hill remained its training and administration base until the end of 2013 . Dyson Heppell is the current team captain . A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association , in 1877 , and the Victorian Football League ( renamed the AFL in 1990 ) , in 1896 , Essendon is one of Australia 's best-known football clubs . Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships , which , along with Carlton , is the most of any club in the competition . The club won four consecutive VFA premierships between 1891 and 1894 , a feat matched only by Collingwood between 1927 and 1930 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Dempsey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Dempsey_(Australian_footballer)', 'summary': "Gary Dempsey ( born 22 November 1948 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League . Dempsey made his debut for Footscray in 1967 . In 1969 , he spent six weeks in hospital after being burnt by a bushfire near his home in Truganina and was told he would never play football again . Despite this , he defied the odds to return to the playing field and then win his first club best-and-fairest award in 1970 . Dempsey would win the club best-and-fairest award five more times , underlining his importance to the underachieving Bulldogs . Although he had won a number of individual awards , Dempsey yearned for team success and signed with North Melbourne in 1979 , winning the club best-and-fairest in his first year there . He played out his career at the Kangaroos , playing 122 games for them , and retired in 1984 . Dempsey was named an emergency in the Kangaroos Team of the Century . Dempsey finished in the top 10 in the Brownlow Medal 13 times . He was named an All-Australian Team member at the 1972 Perth carnival . In 1996 Dempsey was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame . He was named as first ruckman in the Footscray 's Team of the Century ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruckman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Footscray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Bulldogs', 'summary': "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ."}]}, {'value': 'Keith Greig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Greig', 'summary': 'Keith Southby Greig MBE ( born 23 October 1951 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Red-haired and pale-skinned , Greig was renowned for his poise and ball handling skills . He could also take spectacular high marks . Greig played for much of his career on the wing , but in later years often played at half back .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wingman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The North Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Kangaroos or less formally the Roos , the Kangas or North , is an Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in North Melbourne , Victoria in 1869 , it is based at its traditional home ground , Arden Street Oval , and currently plays its home matches at both the nearby Docklands Stadium and Blundstone Arena in Hobart , Tasmania . The club 's mascot is a grey kangaroo donning the club uniform , and its use dates from the mid-20th century . The club is also unofficially known as The Shinboners , a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins . The club 's motto is Victoria amat curam , Latin for Victory Demands Dedication . Aside from their representation in the AFL , the Kangaroos also field teams in the following competitions ; AFL Women 's , VFL Women 's and Victorian Football League ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Hardeman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Hardeman', 'summary': "Gary Hardeman ( born 26 February 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) between the late 1960s and early 1980s . Hardeman played as a half back and made his senior debut for Melbourne in the 1967 VFL season . He remained with the club until 1977 , finishing second in the 1974 Brownlow Medal count and earning All Australian selection for his performance in the 1972 Perth Carnival . After leaving the club at the end of 1977 Hardeman joined Sturt in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) but returned to Melbourne in 1981 to play for one final season . Hardeman is only one of four footballers , with Trevor Barker , Geoff Cunningham and Steven Smith , to have played 200 VFL/AFL games but not play a final . In 2000 he was selected at centre half back in Melbourne 's official 'Team of the Century ' ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre half back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alex Jesaulenko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Jesaulenko', 'summary': "Alex Jesaulenko MBE ( /ˌdʒɛzəˈlɛŋkoʊ/ JEZ-ə-LENK-oh ; Ukrainian : Олександр Васильович Єсауленко , romanized : Oleksandr Vasilyovych Yesaulenko , IPA : [ olekˈsɑndr wɐˈsʲilʲowɪt͡ʃ jesɐuˈlɛnko ] ; born 2 August 1945 in Salzburg , Austria ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who represented Carlton and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) from the 1960s to the 1980s . He is regarded as one of the game 's greatest-ever players and is an official Legend of the Australian Football Hall of Fame . He immortalised his reputation in the game by taking the most iconic mark in football history in the 1970 VFL Grand Final . In 2009 The Australian nominated Jesaulenko as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Carlton Football Club , nicknamed the Blues , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria . Founded in 1864 in Carlton , an inner suburb of Melbourne , the club competes in the Australian Football League ( formerly the Victorian Football League ) , and was one of the competition 's eight founding member clubs in 1896 . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Carlton at Princes Park , its traditional home ground , and it currently plays its home matches at either Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) or the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Carlton has historically been one of the AFL 's most successful clubs , having won sixteen senior VFL/AFL premierships , equal with Essendon as the most of any club ; prior to this , it won six senior premierships , including two in the Victorian Football Association . The club has also fielded a team in the AFL Women 's league since its establishment in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Knights', 'summary': "Peter Knights ( born 30 March 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who represented Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Widely regarded as one of Australian football 's finest centre half-backs , despite suffering numerous injuries , Knights was recognized for his contribution to the game when he was among the inaugural inductees into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996 and later in the Hawthorn Team of the Century ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre half back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawthorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ."}]}, {'value': 'Barry Lawrence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_Lawrence', 'summary': 'Barry K. Lawrence ( born 13 February 1946 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and for Longford in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association ( NTFA ) . Barry played as a forward for Longford in Tasmania and signed to play with Hawthorn in 1967 but he decided to stay in Tasmania for two more years . He had development a big reputation a footballer . He decided to join St Kilda , replacing champion Darrel Baldock who had decided to return to Tasmania . The Saints supporters thought he was a ready made replacement for the Doc but Barry found the VFL a tough competition to adjust to . His early games as a forward were a struggle for him to adjust to the tempo , and resulted in a lost of confidence , the coach decided to play him out of the back pocket . Here his form returned and he started to play good consistent football . He played a great game on Peter Hudson in the 1971 Grand Final after Bob Murray was injured and he is famously remembered for touching the ball as Hudson was kicking to break the VFL goalkicking record . He was selected as a back pocket in the St Kilda Team of the Century and on the half back flank in the Tasmanian Team Of The Century . Later he returned to the forward line , using his skills of judgement and strength to good effect . He is the father of former St Kilda and Brisbane player Steven Lawrence .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre half back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Kilda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club', 'summary': "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Leigh Matthews', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Matthews', 'summary': 'Leigh Raymond Matthews AM ( born 1 March 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach . He played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and coached Collingwood and the Brisbane Lions . Squat , short-legged and barrel-chested , Matthews earned the iconic nickname Lethal Leigh due to his physical as well as skillful style of play . He is officially recognised as the best player of the 20th century according to the AFL , is a Legend in the Australian Football Hall of Fame , on the Hawthorn and AFL Teams of the Centuries and is one of the most successful AFL coaches of all time . He is now an AFL commentator on television with the Seven Network and on radio with 3AW .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawthorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter McKenna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_McKenna', 'summary': "Peter McKenna ( born 27 August 1946 in Brunswick West , Victoria ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Collingwood and Carlton in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) during the 1960s and 1970s . He also represented Devonport in the North West Football Union ( NWFU ) , and Northcote , Port Melbourne and Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) . Regarded as one of the best full-forwards to ever play the game , McKenna holds the VFL/AFL record for the longest sequence of matches in which he scored at least one goal : 121 matches . A mop-top hairstyle , genial grin and a gift for taking chest high marks won McKenna adulation in the 1960s and 1970s as the game 's first multimedia star . He continued his involvement in the game as a commentator with the Seven Network during the 1980s and 1990s ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Full-forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Collingwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Collingwood Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies or colloquially the Pies , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood , the club played in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now the national AFL ) . Originally based at Victoria Park , Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre . Collingwood has played in a record 44 VFL/AFL Grand Finals ( including rematches ) , winning 15 , drawing two and losing 27 ( also a record ) . Regarded as one of Australia 's most popular sports clubs , Collingwood attracts the highest attendance figures and television ratings of any professional team in the nation . The club 's song , Good Old Collingwood Forever , dates back to 1906 , making it the oldest song currently used in the AFL . Its iconic home guernsey consists of black and white stripes , matching the colours of the Australian magpie . Historically the club 's main rivals have been cross-town clubs Carlton , Richmond and Essendon . Since the turn of the millennium , the club developed rivalries with the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Lions . Collingwood fields a reserves team in the Victorian Football League ( formerly the VFA ) and women 's teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions . It also owns and operates a netball team in the National Netball League ."}]}, {'value': 'John Murphy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Murphy_(Australian_rules_footballer)', 'summary': 'John Murphy ( born 20 November 1949 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League ( now AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fitzroy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fitzroy_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Fitzroy Football Club , nicknamed the Lions or the Roys , is an Australian rules football club formed in 1883 to represent the inner-Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy , Victoria and was a foundation member club of the Victorian Football League ( now the Australian Football League ) on its inception in 1897 . Despite being the first club to win a VFL Grand Final they were not the first team to win a premiership . That honour belongs to the Essendon Football Club who were crowned premiers in 1897 without a Grand Final being played . Although Fitzroy won a total of eight VFL premierships they never won a premiership as the Lions . They won seven premierships ( 1898 , 1899 , 1904 , 1905 , 1913 , 1916 and 1922 ) as the Maroons and one ( 1944 ) as the Gorillas . The decision of the club to change its name to the Lions in 1957 coincided with what history now records as the beginning of decades of poor on-field performance and financial mismanagement that eventually resulted in the club being placed into administration and forced out of the AFL in 1996 . Although the club managed to survive and came out of administration in 1998 it never played in the AFL again . Fitzroy largely resumed its original VFL-AFL identity through its continued use of their 1975-1996 VFL-AFL jumper , their theme song and their 1884-1966 home ground at the Brunswick Street Oval . For a brief time it experimented in partnerships with other semi professional and amateur clubs before incorporating the Fitzroy Reds ( formerly University Reds ) to play in the Victorian Amateur Football Association . They began in the D1 section of the VAFA in 2009 and now , after having been promoted three times ( 2009 , 2012 , 2018 ) play in the Premier B Division . It is also notable for being one of only three clubs ( along with University and Hawthorn ) to have played in the VFA , VFL/AFL and VAFA competitions of Australian rules football .'}]}, {'value': 'John Nicholls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Nicholls_(footballer)', 'summary': "John Nicholls ( born 13 August 1939 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Carlton in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Nicholls is widely regarded as one of Australian football 's greatest players . He was the first Carlton footballer to play 300 games for the Blues , and was declared the club 's greatest player . He represented Victoria a record 31 times in interstate football , and was named as one of the inaugural Legends when the Australian Football Hall of Fame was established in 1996 . Nicholls played most of his football as a ruckman , and although at 189 centimetres he was not especially tall , he compensated his lack of height with his intelligence and imposing physical presence , which earned him the nickname 'Big Nick ' . His rivalry with fellow Australian football legend Graham Farmer raised the standard of ruck play during the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruckman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Carlton Football Club , nicknamed the Blues , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria . Founded in 1864 in Carlton , an inner suburb of Melbourne , the club competes in the Australian Football League ( formerly the Victorian Football League ) , and was one of the competition 's eight founding member clubs in 1896 . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Carlton at Princes Park , its traditional home ground , and it currently plays its home matches at either Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) or the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Carlton has historically been one of the AFL 's most successful clubs , having won sixteen senior VFL/AFL premierships , equal with Essendon as the most of any club ; prior to this , it won six senior premierships , including two in the Victorian Football Association . The club has also fielded a team in the AFL Women 's league since its establishment in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alan Noonan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Noonan', 'summary': "Alan Noonan ( 13 October 1947 - 13 April 2011 ) was an Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) for the Essendon Football Club from 1966 to 1976 and the Richmond Football Club in 1977 . Noonan made his VFL debut in 1966 and in his 11-year career for Essendon kicked 420 goals and played 183 games . In 1974 he kicked 77 goals , one of seven times he topped Essendon 's goalkicking ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centre half forward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Essendon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Essendon Football Club , nicknamed the Bombers , is a professional Australian rules football club that plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Thought to have formed in 1872 , the club played its first recorded game on 7 June 1873 against a Carlton Second 20 , winning 1 goal to nil . The club played a senior club in the Victorian Football Association in 1878 , one year after the VFA formed . It is historically associated with Essendon , a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne , Victoria . Since 2013 , the club has been headquartered at The Hangar , Melbourne Airport , and plays its home games at either Docklands Stadium or the Melbourne Cricket Ground ; throughout most of its history the club 's home ground and headquarters was Windy Hill , Essendon , where it played from 1922 until 1991 . While it stopped playing games at the ground thereafter , Windy Hill remained its training and administration base until the end of 2013 . Dyson Heppell is the current team captain . A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association , in 1877 , and the Victorian Football League ( renamed the AFL in 1990 ) , in 1896 , Essendon is one of Australia 's best-known football clubs . Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships , which , along with Carlton , is the most of any club in the competition . The club won four consecutive VFA premierships between 1891 and 1894 , a feat matched only by Collingwood between 1927 and 1930 ."}]}, {'value': 'Travis Payze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Travis_Payze', 'summary': "Travis Irving Payze ( 2 July 1946 - 1 September 2006 ) was an Australian rules footballor in the Victorian Football League . Debuting for St Kilda against Collingwood in the 1966 second semi-final , Payne came off the bench and booted 3 goals . He was also named on the bench two weeks later in the Saints ' first premiership side . A lively forward , Payne had played only 12 games in his first four and a half seasons at the Saints , before he started to establish himself in the side as a ruck-rover . He was named as an All-Australian in 1972 , and retired after the 1974 season . He then coached Dandenong Football Club in the VFA , before returning to the Saints and becoming chairman of selectors in the early 1980s . He progressed to the president of St Kilda , a position he held from 1986 to 1993 , in very difficult financial circumstances for the club . In 2003 , Payze was diagnosed with prostate cancer , and died on 1 September 2006 , aged 60 ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruck-rover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Kilda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club', 'summary': "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'David Rhodes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Rhodes_(footballer)', 'summary': 'David Charles Rhodes ( 20 May 1948 - 15 February 2013 ) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Rhodes , a blonde headed winger , spent six seasons with Fitzroy before transferring to Western Australia , to play for Subiaco . He was good enough to represent Victoria at the 1972 Perth Carnival .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wingman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fitzroy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fitzroy_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Fitzroy Football Club , nicknamed the Lions or the Roys , is an Australian rules football club formed in 1883 to represent the inner-Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy , Victoria and was a foundation member club of the Victorian Football League ( now the Australian Football League ) on its inception in 1897 . Despite being the first club to win a VFL Grand Final they were not the first team to win a premiership . That honour belongs to the Essendon Football Club who were crowned premiers in 1897 without a Grand Final being played . Although Fitzroy won a total of eight VFL premierships they never won a premiership as the Lions . They won seven premierships ( 1898 , 1899 , 1904 , 1905 , 1913 , 1916 and 1922 ) as the Maroons and one ( 1944 ) as the Gorillas . The decision of the club to change its name to the Lions in 1957 coincided with what history now records as the beginning of decades of poor on-field performance and financial mismanagement that eventually resulted in the club being placed into administration and forced out of the AFL in 1996 . Although the club managed to survive and came out of administration in 1998 it never played in the AFL again . Fitzroy largely resumed its original VFL-AFL identity through its continued use of their 1975-1996 VFL-AFL jumper , their theme song and their 1884-1966 home ground at the Brunswick Street Oval . For a brief time it experimented in partnerships with other semi professional and amateur clubs before incorporating the Fitzroy Reds ( formerly University Reds ) to play in the Victorian Amateur Football Association . They began in the D1 section of the VAFA in 2009 and now , after having been promoted three times ( 2009 , 2012 , 2018 ) play in the Premier B Division . It is also notable for being one of only three clubs ( along with University and Hawthorn ) to have played in the VFA , VFL/AFL and VAFA competitions of Australian rules football .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Squads -- Victoria', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1972_Perth_Carnival_0', 'intro': 'The 1972 Perth Carnival was the 18th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. It was the last of the traditional single-city round-robin carnivals in the residential qualification era of interstate football. Four teams took part, Victoria, Western Australia, South Australia and Tasmania, with each playing one another once in a round robin format. Victoria won the Carnival after finishing as the only undefeated team. Peter McKenna was the most successful goal kicker with 19 goals, followed by Glynn Hewitt and Phil Tierney who kicked 11 each.'}
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Of the football players listed as playing for St. Kilda , how many different teams did they play for combined ?
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2
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02a660daea971d71
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sigma_Chi_members', 'title': 'List of Sigma Chi members', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bret Baier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bret_Baier', 'summary': "William Bret Baier ( born August 4 , 1970 ) is the host of Special Report with Bret Baier on the Fox News Channel and the chief political anchor for Fox . He previously worked as the network 's Chief White House Correspondent and Pentagon correspondent ."}]}, {'value': 'DePauw University , 1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': 'Anchor , Special Report with Bret Baier , Fox News Channel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Special_Report_with_Bret_Baier', 'summary': "Special Report with Bret Baier ( formerly Special Report with Brit Hume ) is an American television news and political commentary program , hosted by Bret Baier since 2009 , that airs on Fox News Channel . It is broadcast live each Monday through Friday at 6:00 p.m . ET . The program focuses on both reporting and analysis of the day 's events , with a primary focus on national American political news . The show has been a part of the Fox News program lineup since 1998 and is the number one cable news broadcast in its time slot ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fox_News_Channel', 'summary': "Fox News ( officially Fox News Channel and abbreviated FNC ) is an American conservative cable television news channel . It is owned by the Fox News Group , which itself was owned by News Corporation from 1996-2013 , 21st Century Fox from 2013-2019 , and Fox Corporation since 2019 . The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City . Fox News is provided in 86 countries or overseas territories worldwide , with international broadcasts featuring Fox Extra segments during ad breaks . The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch to appeal to a conservative audience , hiring former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO . It launched on October 7 , 1996 , to 17 million cable subscribers . Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant subscription news network in the U.S. As of September 2018 [ update ] , approximately 87,118,000 US households ( 90.8% of television subscribers ) receive Fox News . In 2019 , Fox News was the top-rated cable network averaging 2.5 million viewers . Murdoch is the current executive chairman and Suzanne Scott is the CEO . Fox News has been described as practicing biased reporting in favor of the Republican Party , the George W. Bush and Donald Trump administrations , and conservative causes while slandering the Democratic Party and spreading harmful propaganda intended to negatively affect its members ' electoral performances . Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall . Fox News employees have said that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming , and have denied bias in news reporting , while former employees have said that Fox ordered them to slant the news in favor of conservatives ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg Gutfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Gutfeld', 'summary': 'Gregory John Gutfeld ( born September 12 , 1964 ) is an American television producer , journalist , author , editor , and comedian . He is host of The Greg Gutfeld Show and one of five co-hosts and panelists on the political talk show The Five , both on the Fox News Channel . Previously , Gutfeld hosted Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld , also on the Fox News Channel . Gutfeld is a registered Libertarian and is self-described as non-religious .'}]}, {'value': 'University of California , Berkeley , 1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley', 'summary': 'The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Host of Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld on the Fox News Channel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Eye_w/_Greg_Gutfeld', 'summary': "Red Eye , also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017 , was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News , which aired at 3:00 a.m . ET Tuesday through Saturday , 11:00 p.m. Saturday , and 2:00 a.m. Sunday . The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics , pop culture , entertainment , business , sports , and religion . The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld , a self-described libertarian . Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015 , and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22 , 2015 . On April 3 , 2017 , Fox News announced that Red Eye had been cancelled . The show 's final episode aired on April 7 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fox_News_Channel', 'summary': "Fox News ( officially Fox News Channel and abbreviated FNC ) is an American conservative cable television news channel . It is owned by the Fox News Group , which itself was owned by News Corporation from 1996-2013 , 21st Century Fox from 2013-2019 , and Fox Corporation since 2019 . The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City . Fox News is provided in 86 countries or overseas territories worldwide , with international broadcasts featuring Fox Extra segments during ad breaks . The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch to appeal to a conservative audience , hiring former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO . It launched on October 7 , 1996 , to 17 million cable subscribers . Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant subscription news network in the U.S. As of September 2018 [ update ] , approximately 87,118,000 US households ( 90.8% of television subscribers ) receive Fox News . In 2019 , Fox News was the top-rated cable network averaging 2.5 million viewers . Murdoch is the current executive chairman and Suzanne Scott is the CEO . Fox News has been described as practicing biased reporting in favor of the Republican Party , the George W. Bush and Donald Trump administrations , and conservative causes while slandering the Democratic Party and spreading harmful propaganda intended to negatively affect its members ' electoral performances . Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall . Fox News employees have said that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming , and have denied bias in news reporting , while former employees have said that Fox ordered them to slant the news in favor of conservatives ."}]}, {'value': 'David Hartman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Hartman_(TV_personality)', 'summary': "David Downs Hartman ( born May 19 , 1935 ) is an American journalist and media host who began his media career as an actor . He currently anchors and hosts documentary programs on History ( a pay channel ) and PBS . Hartman is best known as the first host of ABC 's Good Morning America , from 1975 to 1987 . As an actor , he starred in the 1970s as a young resident , Dr. Paul Hunter , on The Bold Ones : The New Doctors and as a teacher in the series Lucas Tanner . He acted in the 1973 TV movie remake of Miracle on 34th Street ."}]}, {'value': 'Duke University , 1956', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_University', 'summary': "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor , former host , Good Morning America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Good_Morning_America', 'summary': "Good Morning America ( GMA ) is an American morning television show that is broadcast on ABC . It debuted on November 3 , 1975 , and first expanded to weekends with the debut of a Sunday edition on January 3 , 1993 . The Sunday edition was canceled in 1999 ; weekend editions returned on both Saturdays and Sundays on September 4 , 2004 . The weekday program airs from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. in all U.S. time zones ( live in the Eastern Time Zone and on tape delay elsewhere across the country ) . The Saturday and Sunday editions are one hour long and are transmitted to ABC 's stations live at 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time , although stations in some markets air them at different times . Viewers in the Pacific Time Zone receive an updated feed with a specialized opening and updated live reports . A third hour of the weekday broadcast aired from 2007 to 2008 , exclusively on ABC News Now . The program features news , interviews , weather forecasts , special-interest stories , and feature segments such as Pop News ( featuring pop culture and entertainment news , and viral videos ) , the GMA Heat Index ( featuring a mix of entertainment , lifestyle and human-interest stories ) and Play of the Day ( featuring a selected viral video or television program clip ) . It is produced by ABC News and broadcasts from the Times Square Studios in New York City 's Times Square district . The primary anchors are Robin Roberts , George Stephanopoulos and former New York Giants defensive end Michael Strahan with breaking news anchor Amy Robach , entertainment anchor Lara Spencer and weather anchor Ginger Zee . Good Morning America has been the most watched morning show in total viewers and key demos each year since Summer 2012 . GMA generally placed second in the ratings , behind NBC 's Today from 1995 to 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lewis Craig Humphrey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_Craig_Humphrey', 'summary': "Lewis Craig Humphrey ( 1875-1927 ) was a prominent Kentucky newspaper editor who began his journalistic career as a reporter at the Louisville daily newspaper , the Louisville Evening Post , under the supervision of editor and publisher Richard W. Knott . Upon Knott 's death , Humphrey became chief editor of the paper ."}]}, {'value': 'Centre College , 1896', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_College', 'summary': 'Centre College is a private liberal arts college in Danville , Kentucky . It is an undergraduate college with an enrollment of approximately 1,400 students . Centre was founded by Presbyterian leaders , and it maintains a loose affiliation with the Presbyterian Church ( USA ) . It was officially chartered by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1819 . The college is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South and the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities .'}]}, {'value': 'Editor of Louisville Evening Post and Louisville Herald-Post', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville_Evening_Post', 'summary': 'The Louisville Herald-Post was a newspaper that was published in Louisville , Kentucky .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisville_Herald-Post', 'summary': 'The Louisville Herald-Post was a newspaper that was published in Louisville , Kentucky .'}]}, {'value': 'John McWethy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McWethy', 'summary': "John Fleetwood McWethy ( February 28 , 1947 - February 6 , 2008 ) was an American journalist . McWethy was born in Aurora , Illinois and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1969 from DePauw University , where he was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . In 1970 , he graduated from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism . McWethy was a 1965 graduate of Lyons Township High School in La Grange , Illinois . In 1993 , he was inducted into the high school 's Hall of Fame . McWethy began his career with U.S. News & World Report , starting as a science editor in 1972 , before becoming the magazine 's White House correspondent in 1977 . McWethy joined ABC News in 1979 . He was the network 's National Security Correspondent from 1985 until his retirement in 2003 , and was in The Pentagon when it was struck by hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11 attacks . McWethy received five Emmy Awards , the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award , and an Overseas Press Club award in 1987 . He received an honorary doctorate degree from his alma mater , DePauw in 2003 . McWethy continued to serve as a Special Correspondent for ABC News until 2006 , and was a Senior Advisor to the United States Army Command and General Staff College . On 11 August 2004 , he moderated the first News and Terrorism : Communicating in a Crisis workshop , a joint program by the National Academy of Engineering , the Radio-Television News Directors Foundation , and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ."}]}, {'value': 'DePauw University , 1969', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': 'Emmy-winning correspondent , ABC news', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': 'Clayton Morris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clayton_Morris', 'summary': "Clayton Morris ( born December 31 , 1976 ) is an American real estate investor and host of the Investing in Real Estate podcast . He is a former co-host of The Daily Buzz and Good Day Philadelphia on Fox 's WTXF-TV who moved to co-host Fox & Friends on Fox News Channel in 2009 . He covered consumer technology for Fox and hosted weekly technology segments for Fox News Radio and Fox News . On September 4 , 2017 , he left Fox News . Morris was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and attended Wilson High School in Spring Township , Berks County , Pennsylvania ( today West Lawn , Pennsylvania ) . [ citation needed ] He graduated with a bachelor 's degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1999 . He was a frequent guest-panelist on the Fox News late-night satire show , Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Pittsburgh , 1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh', 'summary': "The University of Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier . It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819 . After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area , the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city ; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 . Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education . The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus , home to the university 's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate , graduate , and professional students . The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania : Bradford , Greensburg , Johnstown , and Titusville . The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District , most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece , the Cathedral of Learning . The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) , as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , Schenley Park , and Carnegie Mellon University . The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $ 2 billion . This includes nearly $ 940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017 , the 16th-highest in the nation . A member of the Association of American Universities , Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health ."}]}, {'value': 'Host , Fox & Friends on Fox News Channel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_&_Friends', 'summary': 'Fox & Friends is an American daily morning conservative news/talk program that airs on Fox News Channel , hosted by Steve Doocy , Ainsley Earhardt , and Brian Kilmeade . It begins at 6:00 a.m. Eastern Time with the latest Fox News Live headlines and news of the morning and continues with a variety of segments including current events , interviews , updates of news stories with correspondents , political analysis from the hosts , and entertainment segments .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fox_News_Channel', 'summary': "Fox News ( officially Fox News Channel and abbreviated FNC ) is an American conservative cable television news channel . It is owned by the Fox News Group , which itself was owned by News Corporation from 1996-2013 , 21st Century Fox from 2013-2019 , and Fox Corporation since 2019 . The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City . Fox News is provided in 86 countries or overseas territories worldwide , with international broadcasts featuring Fox Extra segments during ad breaks . The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch to appeal to a conservative audience , hiring former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO . It launched on October 7 , 1996 , to 17 million cable subscribers . Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant subscription news network in the U.S. As of September 2018 [ update ] , approximately 87,118,000 US households ( 90.8% of television subscribers ) receive Fox News . In 2019 , Fox News was the top-rated cable network averaging 2.5 million viewers . Murdoch is the current executive chairman and Suzanne Scott is the CEO . Fox News has been described as practicing biased reporting in favor of the Republican Party , the George W. Bush and Donald Trump administrations , and conservative causes while slandering the Democratic Party and spreading harmful propaganda intended to negatively affect its members ' electoral performances . Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall . Fox News employees have said that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming , and have denied bias in news reporting , while former employees have said that Fox ordered them to slant the news in favor of conservatives ."}]}, {'value': 'Andy Rooney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andy_Rooney', 'summary': 'Andrew Aitken Rooney ( January 14 , 1919 - November 4 , 2011 ) was an American radio and television writer who was best known for his weekly broadcast A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney , a part of the CBS News program 60 Minutes from 1978 to 2011 . His final regular appearance on 60 Minutes aired on October 2 , 2011 ; he died a month later at the age of 92 .'}]}, {'value': 'Colgate University , 1942', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colgate_University', 'summary': 'Colgate University is a private liberal arts college in Hamilton , New York . Founded in 1819 , Colgate enrolls nearly 3,000 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree ; it also enrolls a dozen students in a Master of Arts in Teaching program .'}]}, {'value': 'Television personality , 60 Minutes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/60_Minutes', 'summary': "60 Minutes is an American news magazine and television program broadcast on the CBS television network . Debuting in 1968 , the program was created by Don Hewitt , who chose to set it apart from other news programs by using a unique style of reporter-centered investigation . In 2002 , 60 Minutes was ranked at No . 6 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013 , it was ranked # 24 on TV Guide 's 60 Best Series of All Time . The New York Times has called it one of the most esteemed news magazines on American television ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Trumpy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Trumpy', 'summary': 'Robert Theodore Trumpy Jr. ( born March 6 , 1945 ) is a former professional American football tight end who played for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1968 through 1977 . He was a two-time National Football League Pro Bowler and a two-time American Football League All-Star . Following his playing career he spent many years as a broadcast color analyst , calling four Super Bowls . He was given the Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award by the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Utah , 1967', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Utah', 'summary': "The University of Utah ( U of U , UofU , or simply The U ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah . As the state 's flagship university , it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified among Doctoral Universities - Very High Research Activity with selective , higher transfer-in admissions . Graduate studies include the S.J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah 's first medical school . As of Fall 2018 , there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 32,994 . The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , making it Utah 's oldest institution of higher education . It received its current name in 1892 , four years before Utah attained statehood , and moved to its current location in 1900 . The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $ 380 million spent in 2017 . 22 Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners , eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners , two astronauts , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . In addition , the university 's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S . The university 's athletic teams , the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football ) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Color commentator , NBC Sports ; Tight end , National Football League Cincinnati Bengals , 1968-1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Color_commentator', 'summary': 'A color commentator or expert commentator is a sports commentator who assists the play-by-play commentator , typically by filling in when play is not in progress . The phrase color commentator is primarily used in American English ; the person may be referred to as a summariser ( outside North America ) or analyst ( a term used throughout the English-speaking world ) . The color analyst and main commentator will often exchange comments freely throughout the broadcast , when the main commentator is not describing the action . The color commentator provides expert analysis and background information , such as statistics , strategy , and injury reports on the teams and athletes , and occasionally anecdotes or light humor . Color commentators are often former athletes or coaches of the sport being broadcast . The term color refers to levity and insight provided by a secondary announcer . A sports color commentator customarily works alongside the play-by-play broadcaster .'}, {'url': '/wiki/NBC_Sports', 'summary': "NBC Sports is an American programming division of the broadcast network NBC , owned and operated by NBC Sports Group division of NBCUniversal and subsidiary of Comcast , that is responsible for sports broadcasts on the network , and its dedicated national sports cable channels . Formerly operating as a service of NBC News , it broadcasts a diverse array of sports events , including the French Open , the IndyCar Series , NASCAR , the NFL , the NHL , Notre Dame football , Olympic Games , the PGA Tour , the Premier League , the Tour de France and the Triple Crown , among others . Other programming from outside producers - such as coverage of the Ironman Triathlon - is also presented on the network through NBC Sports . With Comcast 's acquisition of NBCUniversal in 2011 , its own cable sports networks were aligned with NBC Sports into a part of the division known as the NBC Sports Group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Football_League', 'summary': "The National Football League ( NFL ) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams , divided equally between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America and the highest professional level of American football in the world . The NFL 's 17-week regular season runs from early September to late December , with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week . Following the conclusion of the regular season , six teams from each conference ( four division winners and two wild card teams ) advance to the playoffs , a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl , which is usually held on the first Sunday in February and is played between the champions of the NFC and AFC . The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season . After initially determining champions through end-of-season standings , a playoff system was implemented in 1933 that culminated with the NFL Championship Game until 1966 . Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the American Football League ( AFL ) , the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 . Today , the NFL has the highest average attendance ( 67,591 ) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States . The Super Bowl is also among the biggest club sporting events in the world , with the individual games accounting for many of the most watched television programs in American history and all occupying the Nielsen 's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015 . The Green Bay Packers hold the most combined NFL championships with 13 , winning nine titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowls afterwards . Since the creation of the Super Bowl , the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots both have the most championship titles at six ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals', 'summary': "The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football franchise based in Cincinnati , Ohio . The Bengals compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . Their home stadium is Paul Brown Stadium , located in downtown Cincinnati . Their divisional opponents are the Baltimore Ravens , Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers . The Bengals were founded in 1966 as a member of the American Football League ( AFL ) by former Cleveland Browns head coach Paul Brown , and began play in the 1968 season . Brown was the Bengals ' head coach from their inception to 1975 . After being dismissed as the Browns ' head coach by Art Modell ( who had purchased majority interest in the team in 1961 ) in January 1963 , Brown had shown interest in establishing another NFL franchise in Ohio and looked at both Cincinnati and Columbus . He ultimately chose the former when a deal between the city , Hamilton County , and Major League Baseball 's Cincinnati Reds ( who were seeking a replacement for the obsolete Crosley Field ) was struck that resulted in an agreement to build a multipurpose stadium which could host both baseball and football games . Due to the impending merger of the AFL and the NFL , which was scheduled to take full effect in the 1970 season , Brown agreed to join the AFL as its tenth and final franchise . The Bengals , like the other former AFL teams , were assigned to the AFC following the merger . Cincinnati was also selected because , like their neighbors the Reds , they could draw from several large neighboring cities ( Louisville and Lexington , Kentucky ; Columbus , Dayton , and Springfield , Ohio ) that are all no more than 110 miles ( 180 km ) away from downtown Cincinnati , along with Indianapolis , until the Baltimore Colts relocated there prior to the 1984 NFL season . The Bengals won the AFC championship in 1981 and 1988 , but lost Super Bowls XVI and XXIII to the San Francisco 49ers ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Weissman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Weissman', 'summary': "Steve Weissman is an American sportscaster who joined ESPN in January 2010 . He came to ESPN from Comcast Sportsnet in California , where he served as the network 's lead anchor . Before CSN , he worked at WNEM in Saginaw , Michigan , winning multiple Michigan Association of Broadcasters Awards . Weissman also served as the sports anchor/reporter at WMTV in Madison , Wisconsin , and began his career as a sports anchor/reporter at WBKB in Alpena , Michigan . He hosted SportsCenter and other shows at ESPN from 2010 to 2015 . He currently works at NFL Network and Tennis Channel ."}]}, {'value': 'Northwestern University , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Host , SportsCenter on ESPN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SportsCenter', 'summary': "SportsCenter ( SC ) is a daily sports news television program that serves as the flagship program and brand of American cable and satellite television network ESPN . The show covers various sports teams and athletes from around the world and often shows highlights of sports from the day . Originally broadcast only once per day , SportsCenter now has up to twelve airings each day , excluding overnight repeats . The show often covers the major sports in the U.S. including basketball , hockey , football , and baseball . SportsCenter is also known for its recaps after sports events and its in-depth analysis by different anchors and popular figures like Stephen A. Smith and Scott Van Pelt . The show continues to be the flagship show for ESPN and leads the way in sports broadcasting and entertainment . Since it premiered upon the network 's launch on September 7 , 1979 , the show has aired more than 60,000 unique episodes , more than any other program on American television ; SportsCenter is broadcast from ESPN 's studio facilities in Bristol , Connecticut and Los Angeles , California . In addition to airing simulcasts or network-exclusive editions on sister networks ESPN2 and ESPNews , the program also produces short in-game updates during sports events aired on ABC and , until 2017 , an interstitial play countdown segment for fellow network Disney XD . ESPN is currently sponsoring SportsCenter and many other productions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/ESPN', 'summary': 'ESPN ( originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network ) is an American basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc. , owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company ( 80% ) and Hearst Communications ( 20% ) . The company was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen along with his son Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan . ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol , Connecticut . The network also operates offices in Miami , New York City , Seattle , Charlotte , and Los Angeles . James Pitaro currently serves as chairman of ESPN , a position he has held since March 5 , 2018 , following the resignation of John Skipper on December 18 , 2017 . While ESPN is one of the most successful sports networks , there has been much criticism of ESPN , which includes accusations of biased coverage , conflict of interest , and controversies with individual broadcasters and analysts .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Sigma_Chi_members_18', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable alumni of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. Many notable Sigma Chi Brothers are awarded the Significant Sig Award by headquarters, indicated by as superscriptS.'}
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Who was a member of the chapter at the institution that was given its current name in 1908 ?
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Clayton Morris
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02a690b24583ad9b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames', 'title': 'List of public art in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames', 'header': ['Title / individual commemorated', 'Location', 'Date', 'Sculptor'], 'data': [{'value': 'Tiberius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiberius', 'summary': "Tiberius ( /taɪˈbɪəriəs/ ty-BEER-ee-əs ; Latin : Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus ; [ a ] [ b ] 16 November 42 BC - 16 March 37 AD ) was the second Roman emperor , reigning from 14 AD to 37 AD . He succeeded his stepfather , Augustus . Born to Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla in a Claudian family , he was given the personal name Tiberius Claudius Nero . His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian - later to ascend to Emperor as Augustus - who officially became his stepfather . Tiberius would later marry Augustus ' daughter ( from his marriage to Scribonia ) , Julia the Elder , and even later be adopted by Augustus . Through the adoption , he officially became a Julian , assuming the name Tiberius Julius Caesar . The emperors after Tiberius would continue this blended dynasty of both families for the following thirty years ; historians have named it the Julio-Claudian dynasty . His relationship to the other emperors of this dynasty was as follows : he was the stepson of Augustus , grand-uncle of Caligula , paternal uncle of Claudius , and great-grand uncle of Nero . Tiberius ' 22-and-a-half-year reign would be the longest after that of Augustus until that of Antoninus Pius , who surpassed his reign by a few months . Tiberius was one of the greatest Roman generals ; his conquest of Pannonia , Dalmatia , Raetia , and ( temporarily ) parts of Germania , laid the foundations for the northern frontier . Even so , he came to be remembered as a dark , reclusive and sombre ruler who never really desired to be emperor ; Pliny the Elder called him the gloomiest of men . After the death of his son Drusus Julius Caesar in 23 AD , Tiberius became more reclusive and aloof ."}]}, {'value': 'Main gatehouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Nero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nero', 'summary': "Nero ( /ˈnɪəroʊ/ NEER-oh ; Latin : Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ; [ i ] 15 December 37 - 9 June 68 AD ) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty . He was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius and became Claudius ' heir and successor . Like Claudius , Nero became emperor with the consent of the Praetorian Guard . Nero 's mother , Agrippina the Younger , dominated Nero 's early life and decisions until he cast her off and had her killed five years into his reign . During the early years of his reign , Nero was content to be guided by his mother , his tutor Lucius Annaeus Seneca , and his Praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus . As time passed , he started to play a more active and independent role in government and foreign policy . During his reign , the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire . His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a major revolt in Britain , led by the Iceni Queen Boudica . The Bosporan Kingdom was briefly annexed to the empire , and the First Jewish-Roman War began . Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy , trade and the cultural life of the empire , ordering theatres built and promoting athletic games . He made public appearances as an actor , poet , musician and charioteer . In the eyes of traditionalists , this undermined the dignity and authority of his person , status , and office ."}]}, {'value': 'Main gatehouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Trajan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trajan', 'summary': "Trajan ( /ˈtreɪdʒən/ TRAY-jən ; Latin : Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus [ traːˈjaːnʊs ] ; [ a ] 18 September 53 - 8 August 117 ) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117 . Officially declared by the Senate optimus princeps ( best ruler ) , Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history , leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death . He is also known for his philanthropic rule , overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies , which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranean world . Trajan was born in Italica , close to modern Seville in present-day Spain , an Italic settlement in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica . Although misleadingly designated by some later writers as a provincial , his family came from Umbria and he was born a Roman citizen . Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian . Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis , in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus . In September 96 , Domitian was succeeded by the old and childless Nerva , who proved to be unpopular with the army . After a brief and tumultuous year in power , culminating in a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard , he was compelled to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor . Nerva died in 98 and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident . As a civilian administrator , Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program , which reshaped the city of Rome and left numerous enduring landmarks such as Trajan 's Forum , Trajan 's Market and Trajan 's Column . Early in his reign , he annexed the Nabataean Kingdom , creating the province of Arabia Petraea ."}]}, {'value': "Anne Boleyn 's Gatehouse , west side", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Hadrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hadrian', 'summary': "Hadrian ( /ˈheɪdriən/ ; Latin : Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus ; 24 January 76 - 10 July 138 ) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138 . [ note 1 ] He was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus in Italica , Hispania Baetica , into a Roman Italo-Hispanic family that settled in Spain from the Italian city of Atri in Picenum . His father was of senatorial rank and was a first cousin of Emperor Trajan . He married Trajan 's grand-niece Vibia Sabina early in his career , before Trajan became emperor and possibly at the behest of Trajan 's wife Pompeia Plotina . Plotina and Trajan 's close friend and adviser Lucius Licinius Sura were well disposed towards Hadrian . When Trajan died , his widow claimed that he had nominated Hadrian as emperor immediately before his death . Rome 's military and Senate approved Hadrian 's succession , but four leading senators were unlawfully put to death soon after . They had opposed Hadrian or seemed to threaten his succession , and the senate held him responsible for it and never forgave him . He earned further disapproval among the elite by abandoning Trajan 's expansionist policies and territorial gains in Mesopotamia , Assyria , Armenia , and parts of Dacia . Hadrian preferred to invest in the development of stable , defensible borders and the unification of the empire 's disparate peoples . He is known for building Hadrian 's Wall , which marked the northern limit of Britannia . Hadrian energetically pursued his own Imperial ideals and personal interests ."}]}, {'value': "Anne Boleyn 's Gatehouse , west side", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Vitellius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vitellius', 'summary': "Vitellius ( /vɪˈtɛliəs/ ; Latin : Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus ; [ a ] 24 September 15 - 22 December 69 AD ) was Roman Emperor for eight months , from 16 April to 22 December 69 AD . Vitellius was proclaimed emperor following the quick succession of the previous emperors Galba and Otho , in a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors . Vitellius was the first to add the honorific cognomen Germanicus to his name instead of Caesar upon his accession . Like his direct predecessor , Otho , Vitellius attempted to rally public support to his cause by honoring and imitating Nero who remained widely popular in the empire . His claim to the throne was soon challenged by legions stationed in the eastern provinces , who proclaimed their commander Vespasian emperor instead . War ensued , leading to a crushing defeat for Vitellius at the Second Battle of Bedriacum in northern Italy . Once he realised his support was wavering , Vitellius prepared to abdicate in favor of Vespasian . He was not allowed to do so by his supporters , resulting in a brutal battle for Rome between Vitellius ' forces and the armies of Vespasian . He was executed in Rome by Vespasian 's soldiers on 22 December 69 ."}]}, {'value': "Anne Boleyn 's Gatehouse , east side", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Augustus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Augustus', 'summary': "Augustus ( Latin : Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus ; [ nb 1 ] 23 September 63 BC - 19 August AD 14 ) was a Roman statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire , reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14 . [ nb 2 ] His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history . The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana . The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries , despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire 's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors over the imperial succession . Augustus was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia . His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC , and Octavius was named in Caesar 's will as his adopted son and heir . Along with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus , he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar . Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi , the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto dictators . The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members . Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position , and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC . After the demise of the Second Triumvirate , Augustus restored the outward façade of the free Republic , with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate , the executive magistrates , and the legislative assemblies . In reality , however , he retained his autocratic power over the Republic ."}]}, {'value': "Anne Boleyn 's Gatehouse , east side", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Titus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Titus', 'summary': "Titus ( /ˈtaɪtəs/ TY-təs ; Latin : Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus ; [ a ] 30 December 39 AD - 13 September 81 AD ) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81 . A member of the Flavian dynasty , Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death , thus becoming the first Roman emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father . Before becoming emperor , Titus gained renown as a military commander , serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish-Roman War . The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero in 68 , launching Vespasian 's bid for the imperial power during the Year of the Four Emperors . When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69 , Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion . In 70 , he besieged and captured Jerusalem , and destroyed the city and the Second Temple . For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph ; the Arch of Titus commemorates his victory to this day . During his father 's rule , Titus gained notoriety in Rome serving as prefect of the Praetorian Guard , and for carrying on a controversial relationship with the Jewish queen Berenice . Despite concerns over his character , Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian in 79 , and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians . As emperor , Titus is best known for completing the Colosseum and for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters , the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 and a fire in Rome in 80 . After barely two years in office , Titus died of a fever on 13 September 81 . He was deified by the Roman Senate and succeeded by his younger brother Domitian ."}]}, {'value': 'George II Gateway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Otho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otho', 'summary': "Otho ( /ˈoʊθoʊ/ ; Latin : Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus ; [ b ] 28 April 32 - 16 April 69 ) was Roman emperor for three months , from 15 January to 16 April 69 . He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors . A member of a noble Etruscan family , Otho was initially a friend and courtier of the young emperor Nero until he was effectively banished to the governorship of the remote province of Lusitania in 58 following his wife Poppaea Sabina 's affair with Nero . After a period of moderate rule in the province , he allied himself with Galba , the governor of neighbouring Hispania Tarraconensis , during the revolts of 68 . He accompanied Galba on his march to Rome , but revolted and murdered Galba at the start of the next year . Inheriting the problem of the rebellion of Vitellius , commander of the army in Germania Inferior , Otho led a sizeable force which met Vitellius ' army at the Battle of Bedriacum . After initial fighting resulted in 40,000 casualties , and a retreat of his forces , Otho committed suicide rather than fight on and Vitellius was proclaimed emperor ."}]}, {'value': 'George II Gateway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Galba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galba', 'summary': "Servius Sulpicius Galba ( /ˈsɜːrviəs sʌlˈpɪʃəs ˈɡælbə/ ; Latin : Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus ; [ note 2 ] 24 December 3 BC - 15 January AD 69 ) was Roman emperor from 68 to 69 , the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors . He was known as Lucius Livius Galba Ocella [ note 3 ] prior to taking the throne as a result of his adoption by his stepmother , Livia Ocellina . The governor of Hispania at the time of the rebellion of Gaius Julius Vindex in Gaul , he seized the throne following Nero 's suicide . Born into a wealthy family , Galba held at various times the offices of praetor , consul , and governor of the provinces Aquitania , Upper Germany , and Africa during the first half of the first century AD . He retired during the latter part of Claudius ' reign but Nero later granted him the governorship of Hispania . Taking advantage of the defeat of Vindex 's rebellion and Nero 's suicide , he became emperor with the support of the Praetorian Guard . His physical weakness and general apathy led to him being dominated by favorites . Unable to gain popularity with the people or maintain the support of the Praetorian Guard , Galba was murdered by Otho , who then became emperor ."}]}, {'value': 'George II Gateway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}, {'value': 'Julius Caesar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julius_Caesar', 'summary': "Gaius Julius Caesar [ a ] ( /ˈsiːzər/ SEE-zər , Latin : [ ˈɡaːɪ.ʊs ˈjuːlɪ.ʊs ˈkae̯sar ] ; 12 July 100 BC [ b ] - 15 March 44 BC ) , [ c ] better known by his nomen gentilicium and cognomen Julius Caesar , was a Roman dictator , politician , and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire . He was also a historian and wrote Latin prose . In 60 BC , Caesar , Crassus and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate , a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years . Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate , among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero . Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a number of his accomplishments , notably his victories in the Gallic Wars , completed by 51 BC . During this time , Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both the English Channel and the Rhine River , when he built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade Britain . Caesar 's wars extended Rome 's territory to Britain and past Gaul . These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey , who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC . With the Gallic Wars concluded , the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome . Leaving his command in Gaul meant losing his immunity from being charged as a criminal for waging unsanctioned wars . As a result , Caesar found himself with no other options but to cross the Rubicon with the 13th Legion in 49 BC , leaving his province and illegally entering Roman Italy under arms . This began Caesar 's civil war , and his victory in the war by 45 BC put him in an unrivaled position of power and influence ."}]}, {'value': 'George II Gateway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni da Maiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_da_Maiano', 'summary': 'Giovanni da Maiano II ( c. 1486 - c. 1542 ) was an Italian sculptor employed by Henry VIII of England and Cardinal Wolsey to decorate their palaces . Maiano , from which village Giovanni took his name , is near Fiesole and Florence . He was the son of Benedetto da Maiano .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Hampton Court -- The Terracotta Roundels', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_public_art_in_Richmond_upon_Thames_6', 'intro': 'This is a list of public art in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.'}
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What is the first name of the father of this Italian sculptor who created a figure of the Roman Emperor who succeeded Otho ?
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Benedetto
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02a7668709d3ad39
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Important_Intangible_Folk_Cultural_Properties', 'title': 'List of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties', 'header': ['Name', 'Date', 'Remarks', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Kariwano tug of war ( 刈和野の大綱引き , Kariwano no ōtsuna-hiki )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': '15th day of 1st month', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tug of war between two parts of Kariwano town featuring a giant straw rope , 80 cm ( 31 in ) diameter and over 200 m ( 660 ft ) long , held to pray for a rich harvest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daisen , Akita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daisen,_Akita', 'summary': 'Daisen ( 大仙市 , Daisen-shi ) is a city in Akita Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 April 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 81,133 in 31,457 households , and a population density of 94 persons per km² . The total area of the city is 866.77 square kilometres ( 334.66 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Akita_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Akita Prefecture ( 秋田県 , Akita-ken ) is a prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of Japan . The capital is the city of Akita .'}]}, {'value': 'Sōma Wild horse racing ( 相馬野馬追 , Sōma Nomaoi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Last Sat. , Sun . and Mon . of July', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horseriding festival with riders clad in samurai armour of the Sengoku period , organized by Ōta Shrine , Odaka Shrine ( Minamisōma ) and Sōma Nakamura Shrine ( Sōma )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sengoku_period', 'summary': 'The Sengoku period ( 戦国時代 , Sengoku Jidai , Age of Warring States ; c. 1467 - c. 1615 ) is a period in Japanese history marked by social upheaval , political intrigue and near-constant military conflict . Japanese historians named it after the otherwise unrelated Warring States period of China . It was initiated by the Ōnin War , which collapsed the Japanese feudal system under the Ashikaga shogunate , and came to an end when the system was re-established under the Tokugawa shogunate by Tokugawa Ieyasu .'}]}, {'value': 'Sōma and Minamisōma Fukushima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sōma,_Fukushima', 'summary': 'Sōma ( 相馬市 , Sōma-shi ) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 June 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 37,602 , and a population density of 190 persons per km² in 14,358 households . The total area of the city is 197.79 square kilometres ( 76.37 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Minamisōma,_Fukushima', 'summary': 'Minamisōma ( 南相馬市 , Minamisōma-shi ) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 June 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 53,775 in 26,093 households , and a population density of 135 persons per km² . The total area of the city is 398.58 square kilometres ( 153.89 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Fukushima Prefecture ( /ˌfuːkuːˈʃiːmə/ ; Japanese : 福島県 , romanized : Fukushima-ken , pronounced [ ɸɯkɯɕimaꜜkeɴ ] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region . The capital is the city of Fukushima .'}]}, {'value': 'Dragon spirit festival of Chichibu Yoshida ( 秩父吉田の龍勢 , chichibu yoshida no ryūsei )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Sunday in October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shooting of homemade rockets from a scaffold structure , which when fired are meant to resemble dragons ascending to the heavens . The even is performed as appreciation for bountiful harvest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shimoyoshida , Chichibu , Saitama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chichibu,_Saitama', 'summary': 'Chichibu ( 秩父市 , Chichibu-shi ) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 December 2015 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 63,358 , and a population density of 110 persons per km2 . Its total area is 577.83 km2 . Chichibu was incorporated as a city on April 1 , 1950 , although the region had already existed for hundreds of years and had developed many local traditions . Since that time , the area of the city has grown through a series of mergers , the most recent in 2005 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture', 'summary': "Saitama Prefecture ( 埼玉県 , Saitama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region . The capital is the city of Saitama . This prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area , and many of Saitama 's cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo , to which many residents commute each day ."}]}, {'value': 'Hadaka Festival of Uchisa Bishomon Hall ( 浦佐毘沙門堂の裸押合 , uchisa bishamondō no hadaka oshiai )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hadaka_Festival', 'summary': 'A Hadaka Matsuri ( 裸祭り , Naked Festival ) is a type of Japanese festival , or matsuri , in which participants wear a minimum amount of clothing ; usually just a Japanese loincloth ( called fundoshi ) , sometimes with a short happi coat , and rarely completely naked . Naked festivals are held in dozens of places throughout Japan every year , usually in the summer or winter . The most famous festival is the Saidai-ji Eyo Hadaka Matsuri held at Saidaiji Temple in Okayama , where the festival originated . Every year , over 9,000 men participate in this festival in hopes of gaining luck for the entire year .'}]}, {'value': 'March 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naked festival of men struggling for rice cakes , sake and other auspicious objects . The event is seen as a prayer for safety and abundant crops but also constitutes rite of passage to adulthood', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukō-ji , Uchisa , Minamiuonuma , Niigata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minamiuonuma', 'summary': 'Minamiuonuma ( 南魚沼市 , Minamiuonuma-shi ) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 July 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 56,179 in 20,020 households , and a population density of 96.1 persons per km² . The total area of the city was 584.55 square kilometres ( 225.70 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Niigata Prefecture ( 新潟県 , Niigata-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu . Niigata Prefecture has a population of 2,227,496 ( 1 July 2019 ) and is the fifth-largest prefecture of Japan by geographic area at 12,584.18 km² ( 4,858.78 sq mi ) . Niigata Prefecture borders Toyama Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the southwest , Gunma Prefecture to the south , Fukushima Prefecture to the east , and Yamagata Prefecture to the northeast . Niigata is the capital and largest city of Niigata Prefecture , with other major cities including Nagaoka , Jōetsu , and Sanjō . Niigata Prefecture contains the Niigata Major Metropolitan Area centered on Niigata with a population of 1,395,612 , the largest metropolitan area on the Sea of Japan coast and the twelfth-largest in Japan . Niigata Prefecture is part of the historic Hokuriku region and features Sado Island , the sixth largest island of Japan in area following the four main islands and Okinawa Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Bull wrestling ( 牛の角突きの習俗 , Ushi no tsunotsuki no shūzoku )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bull_wrestling', 'summary': 'Bull wrestling , cow fighting or bull fighting is a non-lethal bloodsport between bulls or cows found in some parts of the world .'}]}, {'value': 'some time between May and November ( irregular )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ancient bull fighting event and only of its kind on Honshu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honshu', 'summary': "Honshu ( 本州 , Honshū , pronounced [ hoɰ̃ꜜɕɯː ] ( listen ) ; Main island/Main province ) is the largest and most populous main island of Japan . It is located south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait , north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea , and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Straits . The island separates the Sea of Japan , which lies to its north and west , from the North Pacific Ocean to the south and east . It is the 7th largest island in the world , and the 2nd most populous after the Indonesian island of Java . Honshu had a population of 104 million as of 2017 [ update ] , mostly concentrated in the coastal areas and plains . Approximately 30% of the total population resides in the Greater Tokyo Area on the Kantō Plain . [ citation needed ] As the historical center of Japanese cultural and political power , [ citation needed ] the island includes several past Japanese capitals , including Kyoto , Nara and Kamakura . Much of the island 's southern shore forms part of the Taiheiyō Belt , a megalopolis that spans several of the Japanese islands . Most of Japan 's industry is located in a belt running along Honshu 's southern coast , from Tokyo to Nagoya , Kyoto , Osaka , Kobe , and Hiroshima ; [ citation needed ] by contrast , the economy along the northwestern Sea of Japan coast is largely based on fishing and agriculture . The island is linked to the other three major Japanese islands by a number of bridges and tunnels . Its climate is humid and mild ."}]}, {'value': 'Nagaoka , Ojiya and Uonuma , Niigata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagaoka,_Niigata', 'summary': 'Nagaoka ( 長岡市 , Nagaoka-shi ) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture , Japan . It is the second largest city in the prefecture , after the capital city of Niigata . As of 12 October 2018 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 271,444 in 107,374 households and a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 780/sq mi ) . The total area of the city was 891.06 square kilometres ( 344.04 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ojiya,_Niigata', 'summary': 'Ojiya ( 小千谷市 , Ojiya-shi ) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 July 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 34,704 in 12,758 households , and a population density of 224 persons per km² . The total area of the city was 155.19 square kilometres ( 59.92 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Uonuma,_Niigata', 'summary': 'Uonuma ( 魚沼市 , Uonuma-shi ) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 July 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 35,027 in 13,289 households , and a population density of 37 persons per km² . Its total area is 946.76 square kilometres ( 365.55 sq mi ) . The city is famous for its koshihikari rice , which commands a premium in the Japanese market .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Niigata Prefecture ( 新潟県 , Niigata-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu . Niigata Prefecture has a population of 2,227,496 ( 1 July 2019 ) and is the fifth-largest prefecture of Japan by geographic area at 12,584.18 km² ( 4,858.78 sq mi ) . Niigata Prefecture borders Toyama Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the southwest , Gunma Prefecture to the south , Fukushima Prefecture to the east , and Yamagata Prefecture to the northeast . Niigata is the capital and largest city of Niigata Prefecture , with other major cities including Nagaoka , Jōetsu , and Sanjō . Niigata Prefecture contains the Niigata Major Metropolitan Area centered on Niigata with a population of 1,395,612 , the largest metropolitan area on the Sea of Japan coast and the twelfth-largest in Japan . Niigata Prefecture is part of the historic Hokuriku region and features Sado Island , the sixth largest island of Japan in area following the four main islands and Okinawa Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Tsuruga Nishimachi tug of war ( 敦賀西町の綱引き , Tsuruga Nishimachi no tsuna-hiki )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': 'January 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tug of war between two teams representing Daikoku and Ebisu . The year is said to bring a good harvest if Daikoku wins , and a good catch if Ebisu wins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daikoku', 'summary': "In Japan , Daikokuten ( 大黒天 ) , the god of great darkness or blackness , or the god of five cereals , is one of the Seven Lucky Gods ( Fukujin ) . Daikokuten evolved from the Buddhist form of the Indian deity Shiva intertwined with the Shinto god Ōkuninushi . The name is the Japanese equivalent of Mahākāla , the Hindu name for Shiva . The god enjoys an exalted position as a household deity in Japan . Daikoku 's association with wealth and prosperity precipitated a custom known as fukunusubi , or theft of fortune . This custom started with the belief that whoever stole divine figures was assured of good fortune if not caught in the act . The toshi-no-ichi ( year-end market ) held at Sensō-ji became the main venue of the sale and disposal of such images by the fortune-seekers . Many small stalls were opened where articles including images of Daikoku were sold on the eve of New Year celebrations . The Japanese also maintain the symbol of Mahakala as a monogram . The traditional pilgrims climbing the holy Mount Ontake wear tenugui ( a kind of white scarf ) with the seed syllable of Mahakala . Daikoku is variously considered to be the god of wealth , or of the household , particularly the kitchen . He is recognised by his wide face , smile , and a flat black hat ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ebisu_(mythology)', 'summary': 'Ebisu ( 恵比須 , 恵比寿 , 夷 , 戎 ) , also transliterated Webisu ( ゑびす , see historical kana orthography ) or called Hiruko ( 蛭子 ) or Kotoshiro-nushi-no-kami ( 事代主神 ) , is the Japanese god of fishermen and luck . He is one of the Seven Gods of Fortune ( 七福神 , Shichifukujin ) , and the only one of the seven to originate purely from Japan without any Hindu influence .'}]}, {'value': 'Tsuruga , Fukui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsuruga,_Fukui', 'summary': 'Tsuruga ( 敦賀市 , Tsuruga-shi ) is a city located in Fukui Prefecture , Japan . As of 29 June 2018 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 66,123 in 28,604 households and the population density of 260 persons per km² . The total area of the city was 251.39 square kilometres ( 97.06 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fukui_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Fukui Prefecture ( 福井県 , Fukui-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 ( 1 June 2017 ) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km² ( 1,617 sq mi ) . Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north , Gifu Prefecture to the east , Shiga Prefecture to the south , and Kyoto Prefecture to the southwest . Fukui is the capital and largest city of Fukui Prefecture , with other major cities including Sakai , Echizen , and Sabae . Fukui Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and is part of the historic Hokuriku region of Japan . The Matsudaira clan , a powerful samurai clan during the Edo period that became a component of the Japanese nobility after the Meiji Restoration , was headquartered at Fukui Castle on the site of the modern prefectural offices . Fukui Prefecture is home to the Kitadani Formation , the Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins , and the Tōjinbō cliff range .'}]}, {'value': 'Tajima Kutani tug of war ( 但馬久谷の菖蒲綱引き , Tajima Kutani shōbu tsuna-hiki )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': 'June 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tug of war between an adult and children group using a rope made of Japanese mugwort and sweet flag . If the adult group wins the 7th and final pull , it is said to become a good harvest . This is one of the five seasonal festivals ( gosekku )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japanese_mugwort', 'summary': 'Artemisia princeps , also called Korean wormwood , Korean mugwort , and Japanese mugwort in English , is an Asian plant species in the sunflower family , native to China , Japan , and Korea . It is a perennial , very vigorous plant that grows to 1.2 meters . This species spreads rapidly by means of underground stolons and can become invasive . It bears small , buff-colored flowers from July to November which are hermaphroditic , and pollinated by wind . The leaves are feather shaped , scalloped and light green , with white dense fuzz on the underside .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sweet_flag', 'summary': 'Acorus calamus ( also called sweet flag or calamus , among many common names ) is a species of flowering plant , a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae , in the genus Acorus . Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain , there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy - and ingested calamus may be toxic - leading to its commercial ban in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gosekku', 'summary': 'The Gosekku ( 五節句 ) , also known as sekku ( 節句 ) , are the five annual ceremonies that were traditionally held at the Japanese imperial court . The origins were adapted from Chinese practices and celebrated in Japan since the Nara period in the 8-10th century CE . The festivals were held until the beginning of the Meiji era . Some of them are still celebrated by the public today .'}]}, {'value': "Shin'onsen , Hyōgo", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shin'onsen,_Hyōgo", 'summary': "Shin'onsen ( 新温泉町 , Shin'onsen-chō ) is a town located in Mikata District , Hyōgo Prefecture , Japan . The town was founded on October 1 , 2005 , as a result of the merger between the towns of Onsen and Hamasaka , both from Mikata District . As of September 1 , 2015 , the town has an estimated population of 15,539 . The total area is 241.0 km2 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hyōgo_Prefecture', 'summary': "Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km² ( 3,243 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east , Osaka Prefecture to the southeast , and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west . Kōbe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture , and the sixth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture 's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located . Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center , transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan , with 20% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'Inaba tug of war ( 因幡の菖蒲綱引き , Inaba no shōbu tsuna-hiki )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': '5th day of 5th month closest weekend ( Aoya ) ; Sunday closest to the 5th day of the 5th month ( Mizushiri , Hōgi ) ; Sunday after June 5 ( Obaneo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Children tug of war with a rope made of sweet flag , Japanese mugwort and Japanese torreya . This is one of the five seasonal festivals ( gosekku )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweet_flag', 'summary': 'Acorus calamus ( also called sweet flag or calamus , among many common names ) is a species of flowering plant , a tall wetland monocot of the family Acoraceae , in the genus Acorus . Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain , there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy - and ingested calamus may be toxic - leading to its commercial ban in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Japanese_mugwort', 'summary': 'Artemisia princeps , also called Korean wormwood , Korean mugwort , and Japanese mugwort in English , is an Asian plant species in the sunflower family , native to China , Japan , and Korea . It is a perennial , very vigorous plant that grows to 1.2 meters . This species spreads rapidly by means of underground stolons and can become invasive . It bears small , buff-colored flowers from July to November which are hermaphroditic , and pollinated by wind . The leaves are feather shaped , scalloped and light green , with white dense fuzz on the underside .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Japanese_torreya', 'summary': "Torreya nucifera is a slow-growing , coniferous tree native to southern Japan and to South Korea 's Jeju Island . It is also called kaya ( 榧 ) Japanese torreya or Japanese nutmeg-yew ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gosekku', 'summary': 'The Gosekku ( 五節句 ) , also known as sekku ( 節句 ) , are the five annual ceremonies that were traditionally held at the Japanese imperial court . The origins were adapted from Chinese practices and celebrated in Japan since the Nara period in the 8-10th century CE . The festivals were held until the beginning of the Meiji era . Some of them are still celebrated by the public today .'}]}, {'value': 'Iwami and Tottori , Tottori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iwami,_Tottori', 'summary': "Iwami ( 岩美町 , Iwami-chō ) is a town located in Iwami District , Tottori Prefecture , Japan . Iwami lies entirely within the San'in Kaigan Geopark ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tottori,_Tottori', 'summary': "Tottori ( 鳥取市 , Tottori-shi ) is the capital city of Tottori Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan . As of June 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 192,912 and a population density of 250 persons per km2 . The total area is 765.31 km2 . Within Japan the city is best known for its sand dunes which are a popular tourist attraction , drawing visitors from outside the prefecture . The sand dunes are also important as a centre for research into arid agriculture , hosting Tottori University 's Arid Land Research Center . Most of Tottori is located in the western part of the San'in Kaigan Geopark . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Tottori Prefecture ( 鳥取県 , Tottori-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 570,569 ( 2016 ) and has a geographic area of 3,507 km2 ( 1,354 sq mi ) . Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west , Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest , Okayama Prefecture to the south , and Hyogo Prefecture to the east . Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture , with other major cities including Yonago , Kurayoshi , and Sakaiminato . Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes , the largest sand dunes system in Japan , and Mount Daisen , the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Misasa tug of war ( 三朝のジンショ , Misasa no jinsho )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': 'May 3 and 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tug of war between the western and eastern parts of the district using a more than 80 m ( 260 ft ) , 4 t ( 3.9 long tons ; 4.4 short tons ) rope . A win of the east is said to be a good harvest , if the west wins business is going to prosper . This is one of the five seasonal festivals ( gosekku )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gosekku', 'summary': 'The Gosekku ( 五節句 ) , also known as sekku ( 節句 ) , are the five annual ceremonies that were traditionally held at the Japanese imperial court . The origins were adapted from Chinese practices and celebrated in Japan since the Nara period in the 8-10th century CE . The festivals were held until the beginning of the Meiji era . Some of them are still celebrated by the public today .'}]}, {'value': 'Misasa , Tottori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Misasa,_Tottori', 'summary': "Misasa ( 三朝町 , Misasa-chō ) is a town located in Tōhaku District , Tottori Prefecture , Japan . It is also home to the official treasure of Sanbutsu-ji , the Misasa Onsen , and Okayama Hospital . The name Misasa ( literally three mornings ) originates from the belief that one who stays to enjoy three mornings in the town 's famous hot springs will find all of his ailments cured . As of June 1 , 2016 , the town has an estimated population of 6,407 and a density of 27.4 persons per km² . The total area is 233.46 km² . Misasa is for the most part a spa resort , boasting springs of radium-rich water , exhausting radon , a radioactive gas . It is believed [ by whom ? ] that bathing one in such waters can be good for one 's health , although there is no scientific consensus on whether doing so is detrimental or helpful to one 's health ( see Radiation hormesis ) . For this reason , the town of Misasa organizes a yearly Marie Curie festival - Marie Curie discovered radium . The film Koitanibashi was shot in Misasa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tottori_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Tottori Prefecture ( 鳥取県 , Tottori-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 570,569 ( 2016 ) and has a geographic area of 3,507 km2 ( 1,354 sq mi ) . Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west , Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest , Okayama Prefecture to the south , and Hyogo Prefecture to the east . Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture , with other major cities including Yonago , Kurayoshi , and Sakaiminato . Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes , the largest sand dunes system in Japan , and Mount Daisen , the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Namari Momote Festival ( 生里のモモテ , namari no momote )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunday closest to 1st day of 2nd month', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archery festival with origins in the early 10th century held in the precincts of Sanboko Shrine , in order to pray for an abundant harvest , bountiful fishing and to keep evil away', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Namari , Takuma , Mitoyo , Kagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takuma,_Kagawa', 'summary': 'Takuma ( 詫間町 , Takuma-chō ) was a town located in Mitoyo District , Kagawa Prefecture , Japan . As of 2003 , the town had an estimated population of 15,179 and a density of 488.23 persons per km² . The total area was 31.09 km² . On January 1 , 2006 , Takuma , along with the towns of Mino , Nio , Saita , Takase , Toyonaka and Yamamoto ( all from Mitoyo District ) , was merger to create the city of Mitoyo and no longer exists as an independent municipality .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mitoyo,_Kagawa', 'summary': 'Mitoyo ( 三豊市 , Mitoyo-shi ) is a city located in Kagawa Prefecture , Japan . As of April 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 65,713 and a population density of 300 persons per km² . The total area is 222.71 km² . The modern city of Mitoyo was established on January 1 , 2006 , from the merger of all seven towns from the former Mitoyo District : Mino , Nio , Saita , Takase , Takuma , Toyonaka and Yamamoto . Tsushima Shrine , located in Mitoyo , is only accessible one day a year in early August . [ citation needed ] [ why ? ] Mitoyo City has a sister city relationship with Waupaca , Wisconsin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kagawa_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Kagawa Prefecture ( 香川県 , Kagawa-ken ) is the smallest prefecture of Japan ( by area ) . It is located on Shikoku island and the capital is Takamatsu .'}]}, {'value': 'Yobuko tug of war ( 呼子の大綱引き , yobuko no ōtsunahiki )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war', 'summary': "Tug of war ( also known as tug o ' war , tug war , rope war , rope pulling , or tugging war ) is a sport that pits two teams against each other in a test of strength : teams pull on opposite ends of a rope , with the goal being to bring the rope a certain distance in one direction against the force of the opposing team 's pull ."}]}, {'value': 'first Saturday in June and the following Sunday', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tug of war between a hill and beach team using a 400 m ( 1,300 ft ) long and 15 cm ( 5.9 in ) wide rope . If the beach team wins it is said to be bountiful fishing in this year , if the hill team wins , the year is said to produce abundant crops', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yobuko , Karatsu , Saga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yobuko,_Saga', 'summary': 'Yobuko ( 呼子町 , Yobuko-chō ) was a town located in the Higashimatsuura District of Saga Prefecture , Japan . As of 2003 , the town had an estimated population of 5,895 and a density of 809.75 persons per km² . The total area was 7.28 km² . On January 1 , 2005 , Yobuko , along with the towns of Chinzei , Hamatama , Hizen , Kyūragi and Ōchi , and the village of Kitahata ( all from Higashimatsuura District ) , was merged into the expanded city of Karatsu . Yobuko is famed for its fresh squid , ika ( 烏賊 ) in Japanese , which is offered sashimi style , or it can be eaten while the squid is still alive . Yobuko also attracts local tourists , who come to see the Yobuko Big Bridge ( 呼子大橋 ) . Yobuko has a festival known as Yobuko Ouzunabi ( 呼子大綱引 ) , or the Yobuko big rope pull , which takes place annually on the first Saturday and Sunday of June . The event involves a big tug-o-war between two factions in the town , and local legend says that if the hills faction wins , there will be a good harvest that year ; and if the sea faction wins , there will be a good fishing harvest that year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Karatsu,_Saga', 'summary': 'Karatsu ( 唐津市 , Karatsu-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Its name , formed from the Japanese word roots 唐 kara ( China , or continental East Asia in general ) , and 津 tsu ( port ) , signifies its historical importance as an ancient trading port between Japan with China and Korea . The central area of Karatsu , which does not include the former cities and villages of Higashimatsuura District , has a population of 78,386 . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 121,684 and a population density of 250 persons per km² . The total area is 487.42 km² . On January 1 , 2005 , the towns of Chinzei , Hamatama , Hizen , Kyūragi , Ōchi and Yobuko . and the village of Kitahata ( all from Higashimatsuura District ) were merged into Karatsu . On January 1 , 2006 , the village of Nanayama ( from Higashimatsuura District ) was merged into Karatsu .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saga_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Saga Prefecture ( 佐賀県 , Saga-ken ) is a prefecture in the northwest part of the island of Kyushu , Japan . It touches both the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea . The western part of the prefecture is a region famous for producing ceramics and porcelain , particularly the towns of Karatsu , Imari , and Arita . The capital is the city of Saga .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Designated cultural properties -- Manners and customs', 'section_text': '11 designations , all under criterion 1 .', 'uid': 'List_of_Important_Intangible_Folk_Cultural_Properties_2', 'intro': 'This is a list of 318 Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties of Japan.'}
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What is the population of the city where a sport is remarkable for the god of great darkness or blackness ?
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66,123
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02a847774198bbcb
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Santos_FC_season', 'title': '2009 Santos FC season', 'header': ['P', 'Name', 'Age', 'Moving to'], 'data': [{'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Felipe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felipe_Garcia_dos_Prazeres', 'summary': 'Felipe Garcia dos Prazeres ( born 10 January 1988 ) , simply known as Mão de Alface , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Tombense as a goalkeeper .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paraná Clube', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paraná_Clube', 'summary': "Paraná Clube is a Brazilian football club , established on the 19th of December , 1989 , in the Vila Capanema district of Curitiba , Paraná . It is one of several Brazilian clubs called Tricolor da Vila ( tricolored of the town ) by its fans because it has three team colors . Paraná 's three colors are red , white and blue . Apart from football , other sports sponsored at the club are bowling , futsal , martial arts , tennis , volleyball and weight-lifting ."}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Carlinhos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlinhos_(footballer,_born_1987)', 'summary': 'Carlos Andrade Souza ( born 23 January 1987 ) , known as Carlinhos , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for left back .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mirassol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mirassol_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Mirassol Futebol Clube , usually known simply as Mirassol is a Brazilian football club from Mirassol , São Paulo state .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Dionísio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Díonísio_de_Oliveira_Alves', 'summary': 'Díonísio de Oliveira Alves ( born 18 January 1988 ) , simply known as Díonísio , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oeste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oeste_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Oeste Futebol Clube , or Oeste as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team currently playing in the city of Barueri . Originally from Itápolis in São Paulo state , Oeste was founded on January 25 , 1921 . They play in black and red shirts , black shorts and red socks .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Patrik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrik_César_dos_Santos_Duzi', 'summary': 'Patrik César dos Santos Duzi , simply known as Patrik ( born 12 March 1988 in Franca , São Paulo ) , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comercial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Comercial_Futebol_Clube_(Ribeirão_Preto)', 'summary': 'Comercial Futebol Clube ( SP ) , usually known simply as Comercial ( or as Comercial de Ribeirão Preto ) , is a traditional Brazilian football club from Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo state .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Santa Cruz Futebol Clube is a Brazilian football club based in Recife , Pernambuco .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Anderson Salles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anderson_Salles', 'summary': 'Anderson Aparecido Salles ( born 16 February 1988 in Araçariguama , São Paulo ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for Indonesian club Bhayangkara . He made his professional debut for Santos in the São Paulo State Championship against Palmeiras on January 20 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juventus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Juventus', 'summary': 'The Clube Atlético Juventus ( Latin for Youth ) , usually known simply as Juventus , is a professional Brazilian football club based in Mooca , a São Paulo neighborhood . Although it was a Campeonato Brasileiro Série B ( Taça de Prata ) winner once , Juventus nowadays competes only in São Paulo tournaments , like Campeonato Paulista . The team typically plays in maroon shirts and white shorts , and is nicknamed Moleque Travesso ( the Prankster Boy ) .'}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Vladimir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Orlando_Cardoso_de_Araújo_Filho', 'summary': 'Vladimir Orlando Cardoso de Araújo Filho ( born 16 July 1989 ) , simply known as Vladimir , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Santos as a goalkeeper .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fortaleza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fortaleza_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': 'Fortaleza Esporte Clube , usually known as Fortaleza , is primarily a football club , but is active in other sports such as futsal , handball and basketball . Fortaleza Esporte Clube is based in Fortaleza , capital of the State of Ceará , Brazil . The club was founded on October 18 , 1918 . Fortaleza is one of the most traditional [ clarification needed ] clubs in the Northeastern region of Brazil alongside Bahia , Vitória , Santa Cruz , Sport , Náutico and Ceará its biggest rival , with minor expression . Club colors are red , blue and white .'}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Mariano Trípodi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariano_Trípodi', 'summary': 'Mariano Sebastián Trípodi ( born 3 July 1987 ) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Metropolitano as a striker .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlético Mineiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Mineiro', 'summary': "Clube Atlético Mineiro ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈklubi aˈtlɛtʃiku miˈneɾu ] ) , commonly known as Atlético Mineiro or Atlético , and colloquially as Galo ( pronounced [ ˈgalu ] , Rooster ) , is a professional football club based in Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil . The team competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , the first level of Brazilian football , as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro , the top tier state league of Minas Gerais . Atlético Mineiro is the oldest active football club in Minas Gerais , founded on 25 March 1908 by twenty-two students from Belo Horizonte . Despite having liberal , upper-class founders , the club opened its doors to players of every social class , establishing itself as a people 's club , and becoming one of the most-supported clubs in Brazil . The club 's mascot , a rooster , has been strongly associated with Atlético since its introduction in the 1930s . Over the years , the word galo ( Portuguese for rooster ) became a common nickname for the club itself . The team 's regular home kit comprises black-and-white striped shirts , with black shorts and white socks . Atlético has won the Campeonato Mineiro a record 44 times . At national level , the club has won the Campeonato Brasileiro once and has finished second on five occasions . Atlético has also won one Copa do Brasil , one Copa dos Campeões Estaduais and the Copa dos Campeões Brasileiros . In international club football , Atlético has won the Copa Libertadores and the Recopa Sudamericana once each , and a record two Copa CONMEBOL ; the team has also reached three other continental finals . The club has also competed in other sports throughout its history , with the futsal department becoming especially notable ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Wesley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesley_Lopes_Beltrame', 'summary': 'Wesley Lopes Beltrame ( born 24 June 1987 ) , simply known as Wesley , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Avaí as a central or defensive midfielder .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlético-PR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Paranaense', 'summary': "Club Athletico Paranaense , commonly known as Athletico-PR , is a Brazilian football team from Curitiba in Paraná , founded on March 26 , 1924 . The team won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , Brazil 's top football division , in 2001 , the Copa Sudamericana in 2018 and the Copa do Brasil in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Felipe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felipe_Garcia_dos_Prazeres', 'summary': 'Felipe Garcia dos Prazeres ( born 10 January 1988 ) , simply known as Mão de Alface , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Tombense as a goalkeeper .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portuguesa Santista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguesa_Santista', 'summary': "Associação Atlética Portuguesa , usually known as Portuguesa Santista , is a Brazilian football club based in Santos , São Paulo , founded in 1917 by the Portuguese descendants of the city . They play in red shirts , red shorts and socks . The club 's mascot is a female donkey . The club 's nickname , Briosa , was given between 1918 and 1920 , when the club competed in several amateur football festivals . Briosa means courageous , graceful , in Portuguese language ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Adriano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adriano_Bispo_dos_Santos', 'summary': 'Adriano Bispo dos Santos ( born 29 May 1987 ) , or simply Adriano , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Imperatriz .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Caetano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AD_São_Caetano', 'summary': 'Associação Desportiva São Caetano , commonly known as São Caetano , is a Brazilian football team based in the city of São Caetano , Brazil , part of the São Paulo greater metropolitan area . The club finished as runner-up in the Série A twice and once in the Copa Libertadores .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Filipi Souza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filipi_de_Souza_Barros', 'summary': 'Filipi de Souza Barros ( born 27 July 1987 ) , known as Filipi Souza or simply Filipi , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right back for Caldense .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uberaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uberaba_Sport_Club', 'summary': 'Uberaba Sport Club is a traditional Brazilian football club from Uberaba , Minas Gerais state . Their colors are red and white and their nicknames are Colorado and Zebu ( mascot of the team and symbol of the city of Uberaba ) .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Patrik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrik_César_dos_Santos_Duzi', 'summary': 'Patrik César dos Santos Duzi , simply known as Patrik ( born 12 March 1988 in Franca , São Paulo ) , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uberaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uberaba_Sport_Club', 'summary': 'Uberaba Sport Club is a traditional Brazilian football club from Uberaba , Minas Gerais state . Their colors are red and white and their nicknames are Colorado and Zebu ( mascot of the team and symbol of the city of Uberaba ) .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ituano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ituano_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Ituano Futebol Clube , also known as Ituano Sociedade Civil de Futebol Ltda , or Ituano as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football club from Itu in São Paulo , founded on May 24 , 1947 . The team plays in black and red stripe shirts with white shorts and socks . In 2014 , Ituano won the São Paulo State League for the second time .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Vinicius Simon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinicius_Simon', 'summary': 'Vinícius Simon ( born 17 November 1986 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Confiança as a central defender .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santo André', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EC_Santo_André', 'summary': "Esporte Clube Santo André , also known as Santo André , is a Brazilian football team from Santo André , São Paulo state . Santo André greatest rival is São Caetano , the other team in ABC region . The club 's mascot name is Ramalhão ( Big Ramalho ) after the bandeirante João Ramalho . João Ramalho founded the city of Santo André in 1553 ."}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Tiago Luís', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiago_Luís_Martins', 'summary': 'Tiago Luís Martins ( born 13 March 1989 ) , known as Tiago Luís , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Thai club Rayong as a forward .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'União Leiria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/União_Leiria', 'summary': 'União Desportiva de Leiria , commonly known as União de Leiria ( pronounced [ uniˈɐ̃w̃ dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ ] ) , is a Portuguese football club based in Leiria , central Portugal . Founded on 6 June 1966 , it currently plays in the Campeonato de Portugal , holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa , with a 24,000-seat capacity .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Roberto Brum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Brum', 'summary': 'Roberto Brum Vallado ( born 7 July 1978 ) , known as Brum , is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Figueirense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figueirense', 'summary': 'Figueirense Futebol Clube , also known as Figueirense ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiɡejˈɾẽsi ] ) , is a Brazilian football club based in Florianópolis , Santa Catarina . Their home stadium is Estádio Orlando Scarpelli , also known as Scarpelão , with a capacity of 19,584 . In the state of Santa Catarina , Figueirense is the club that more often participated in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , with 17 holdings by 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Domingos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Domingos_Nascimento_dos_Santos_Filho', 'summary': 'Domingos Nascimento dos Santos Filho ( born December 12 , 1985 in Muniz Ferreira ) , or simply Domingos , is a Brazilian central defender who plays for Aparecidense .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portuguesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguesa_de_Desportos', 'summary': 'Associação Portuguesa de Desportos , usually called Portuguesa or Lusa , is a sports club , and a Brazilian football team from São Paulo in São Paulo state , founded on August 14 , 1920 by the Portuguese population of the city .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Transfers -- Out on loan', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2009_Santos_FC_season_3', 'intro': "The 2009 season was Santos Futebol Clube's ninety-seventh season in existence and the club's fifty consecutive season in the top flight of Brazilian football."}
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How old was the player when they moved to the team that plays in black and red shirts , black shorts and red socks ?
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20
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02a8b32b5b0cc2ff
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(North_America)', 'title': 'List of Virtual Console games for Wii (North America)', 'header': ['Title', 'Developer ( s )', 'Publisher ( s )', 'Release Date', 'ESRB'], 'data': [{'value': "Bomberman '93", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bomberman_'93", 'summary': "Bomberman '93 ( ボンバーマン'93 , Bonbāman Nintī Surī ) is a video game in the Bomberman series . It was released on the PC Engine on December 11 , 1992 in Japan , with western TurboGrafx-16 releases following in 1993 . The game has been re-released for the Wii & Wii U Virtual Console , with full multiplayer capability intact , in North America , Europe and Australia . Bomberman '93 later spawned a sequel titled Bomberman '94 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'November 21 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bonk 's Adventure", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bonk's_Adventure", 'summary': "Bonk 's Adventure is a 2D platform game developed by Red Company and Atlus as the first game in the Bonk series that was released in 1989 in Japan and 1990 in North America for the TurboGrafx-16 . In Japan it was released as PC Genjin ( PC原人 ) in 1989 , a play on the Japanese name for the system , 'PC Engine ' . The game was re-released for the TurboGrafx-16 in the U.S. in 1992 on the Gate of Thunder 4-in-1 game CD-ROM . The game was later ported to the NES , Amiga and arcade systems under different titles ( FC Genjin and BC Genjin ) . A completely different game with the same name appeared on the Game Boy ( under the title GB Genjin in Japan ) . It is also available through Nintendo 's Virtual Console service , on the PlayStation Store and there is a version for mobile phones in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Red Company , Atlus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Entertainment', 'summary': 'Red Entertainment ( 株式会社レッド・エンタテインメント , Kabushiki-gaisha Reddo Entateinmento ) is a video game developer and publisher based in Japan . Formerly known as the Red Company ( レッドカンパニー , Reddo Kanpanī ) since its founding in 1976 ( though it did not begin doing business until 1985 ) , it was reorganized under its current moniker on December 4 , 2000 . While Red Company as a public corporation dates back to the mid-1980s , the first title released under the Red Entertainment brand was Gungrave on July 17 , 2002 . The name RED comes from Royal Emperor Dragon . In 2011 , the company was acquired by Chinese game developer UltiZen Games Limited . In 2014 , Red Entertainment was sold to Oizumi Corporation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Atlus', 'summary': "Atlus Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アトラス , Kabushiki gaisha Atorasu ) is a Japanese video game developer , publisher , and distribution company based in Tokyo . A subsidiary of Sega , the company is known for its Megami Tensei , Persona , Etrian Odyssey , and Trauma Center series , among others . Its corporate mascot is Jack Frost , a snowman-like character from their Shin Megami Tensei series . Beyond games , it is known for the Purikura ( Print Club ) , which are selfie photo sticker booths popular in East Asia . Atlus was established in April 1986 and spent its early years as a video game developer for other companies . It became a video game publisher of its own in 1989 and existed until it was merged into Index Corporation in October 2010 . After the company 's dissolution , the name Atlus continued as a brand used by Index Corporation for video game publishing until 2013 . Atlus in its current incarnation was founded as Sega Dream Corporation in September 2013 , a new shell corporation established by Sega . In November 2013 , Sega Dream was renamed Index Corporation , following the bankruptcy of the original Index Corporation . In April 2014 , Sega implemented a corporate spin-off in which the contents and solution businesses of Index were spun off as Index Corporation , while the rest of Index Corporation ( formerly Sega Dream ) was renamed Atlus . The company has two divisions , P-Studio , responsible for managing the Persona series , and Studio Zero . A North American branch of the company , Atlus USA was founded in 1991 in order to focus on publishing and localizing games for North America ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'November 21 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Star Soldier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Star_Soldier', 'summary': "Super Star Soldier ( スーパースターソルジャー , Sūpā Sutā Sorujā ) is a scrolling shooter video game developed by Kaneko and originally published by Hudson Soft in 1990 for the Japanese PC Engine and in 1991 for the North American TurboGrafx-16 . It is the sequel to Star Soldier , and part of a vertical-scrolling shooter series by Hudson Soft . According to the company , many people believed Super Star Soldier 's graphics were the best of any HuCard game . Although the game was popular in Japan , it received less attention from the rest of the world . The Mobile version of Super Star Soldier was released on September 3 , 2007 in Japan . Konami published it for the Virtual Console on Nintendo 's Wii system in North America on November 27 , 2006 , in Japan on December 2 , 2006 , and in Europe on December 8 , 2006 . The game has also been released on the Japanese PlayStation Store on August 19 , 2009 and on the North American PlayStation Store on June 3 , 2011 . It was also released on the Windows Store December 20 , 2013 and on Wii U Virtual Console on February 26 , 2014 , the first being released in Japan only while the Wii U Virtual Console version was released on April 6 , 2017 in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Kaneko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaneko', 'summary': "Kaneko Seisakusho ( 金子製作所 ) , also referred to as Kaneko Co. Ltd. ( カネコ株式会社 ) , was a Japanese video game publisher founded in Suginami , Tokyo , Japan by Hiroshi Kaneko . It published a number of games both under its brand and other companies , such as Air Buster , Nexzr , Shogun Warriors , DJ Boy , Guts ' n , and the Gals Panic series . Although most of the games that Kaneko produced were standard arcade fare , they also earned a degree of notoriety for both DJ Boy ( for its reputedly racist plot and negative stereotyping ) and the Gals Panic series ( the games often containing softcore pornography ) . The last game released by the company was Gals Panic S3 for the arcade in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'November 27 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victory Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victory_Run', 'summary': "Victory Run ( ビクトリーラン栄光の13,000キロ - , Bikutoriran Eikou no 13,000 Kiroo , Victory Run : 13,000 Kilometers of Glory ) is a racing game released for the TurboGrafx-16 and is also available on the Nintendo Wii 's Virtual Console and on PlayStation Network . The game depicts the Paris-Dakar Rally , one of the earliest to do so . One of the unique features at the time of release of Victory Run was that the car 's parts degraded as they are used and/or abused . Degraded parts could be replaced , but only if the player has the correct type of spare part . The player can acquire up to 20 spare parts before the first race , but can not acquire any more spare parts after starting the first race ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'December 4 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alien Crush', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alien_Crush', 'summary': "Alien Crush is a pinball video game developed by Compile for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 . It was released in 1988 . It was later re-released on the Virtual Console and on the PlayStation Network . The game is the first installment in the Crush Pinball series . It was followed by three sequels , Devil 's Crush , Jaki Crush , and Alien Crush Returns ."}]}, {'value': 'Compile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compile_(publisher)', 'summary': "Compile Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社コンパイル , Kabushikigaisha Konpairu ) was a Japanese video game developer , most notable for having developed the Puyo Puyo series , a franchise derived from the Madō Monogatari series . On 6 November 2003 , the company suffered from bankruptcy . As a result , key staff moved to Compile Heart , the company 's spiritual successor , whereas shoot-'em-up staff moved to MileStone Inc . The Compile trademark is currently being used as a brand label by Compile Heart to promote merchandise and games based on Compile properties . As of 2010 , Compile Heart entered into a licensing deal with D4 Enterprise to create new video games based on franchises from Compile properties . This agreement does not affect the rights to the Puyo Puyo series as Sega retains ownership of the property . In April 2016 , Niitani started a new successor company to Compile , COMPILE〇 . The company launched the game Nyoki Nyoki : Tabidachi Hen for Nintendo 3DS on the Nintendo eShop with a follow-up scheduled for Nintendo Switch ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'December 11 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Military Madness', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Military_Madness', 'summary': 'Military Madness ( Nectaris ( ネクタリス , Nekutarisu ) in Japan ) is sci-fi-themed , hex map turn-based strategy game for the TurboGrafx-16 . The first game in the Nectaris series , it was developed by Hudson Soft . The game was remade for PlayStation in 1998 . Released on Flip phones in 2008 . A 3D remake , Military Madness : Nectaris , was released for WiiWare , Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network in 2010 . An iPhone version , Military Madness : Neo Nectaris , was released in February 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'December 18 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R-Type ( not available from March 30 , 2012 to September 19 , 2013 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R-Type', 'summary': "R-Type [ a ] is a horizontal-scrolling shooter arcade game developed and released by Irem in 1987 . The player controls a star ship , the R-9 Arrowhead , in its efforts to destroy the Bydo , a powerful alien race bent on wiping out all of mankind . The R-9 can acquire a glowing orbicular device called a Force , protecting it from enemy fire and providing additional firepower . The arcade version was distributed by Nintendo in North America ; it is the last arcade title Nintendo distributed . R-Type was the first game to run on Irem 's 16-bit M72 arcade system . Initially a joke among staff , the Force was based on dung beetles . The development team drew inspiration from Gradius , Aliens and works by H.R . Giger . Music was composed by Masato Ishizaki , while character designs were done by AKIO . The game 's title stems from the word ray , as in a ray of light , in reference to the player 's raylike weapons used throughout the game . R-Type was celebrated by critics for its graphics and addictive gameplay , although it would receive criticism for its high difficulty level . It is commonly cited as one of the best shoot 'em up video games , as well as one of the greatest video games of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft , Irem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Irem', 'summary': "Irem ( アイレムソフトウェアエンジニアリング株式会社 , Airemu Software Engineering ) is a Japanese video game console developer and publisher , and formerly a developer and manufacturer of arcade games as well . The company has its headquarters in Chiyoda , Tokyo . The full name of the company that currently uses the brand is Irem Software Engineering . It was established in 1997 by its parent company Nanao ( now Eizo ) for the purpose of taking over the development department of the original Irem Corporation , that had left the video game industry in 1994 to concentrate itself on the rental and sales of coin-op electronics . Irem Corporation was founded in 1974 as IPM and still exists today under the name of Apies . Irem is probably mostly known internationally for three 1980s arcade games : Moon Patrol ( 1982 ; licensed to Williams Electronics in North America ) , the earliest beat 'em up , Kung-Fu Master ( 1984 ) , and the scrolling shooter R-Type ( 1987 ) . Irem has been popular in Japan with games like Photoboy for the PC Engine and In the Hunt for arcades . As a result of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , Irem canceled the majority of its remaining video game projects , including Zettai Zetsumei Toshi 4 : Summer Memories and Poncotsu Roman Daikatsugeki Bumpy Trot 2 . Irem refocused to become primarily a slot-machine and pachinko developer , the industry it was in before turning to video games . Many Irem designers , including producer Kazuma Kujo , gathered to form a new company called Granzella to continue creating video games ."}]}, {'value': 'December 25 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dungeon Explorer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dungeon_Explorer', 'summary': 'Dungeon Explorer [ a ] is an action role-playing game released for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 in 1989 . It is considered a pioneer title in the action role-playing game genre with its co-operative multiplayer gameplay , which allowed up to five players to play simultaneously .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlus', 'summary': "Atlus Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アトラス , Kabushiki gaisha Atorasu ) is a Japanese video game developer , publisher , and distribution company based in Tokyo . A subsidiary of Sega , the company is known for its Megami Tensei , Persona , Etrian Odyssey , and Trauma Center series , among others . Its corporate mascot is Jack Frost , a snowman-like character from their Shin Megami Tensei series . Beyond games , it is known for the Purikura ( Print Club ) , which are selfie photo sticker booths popular in East Asia . Atlus was established in April 1986 and spent its early years as a video game developer for other companies . It became a video game publisher of its own in 1989 and existed until it was merged into Index Corporation in October 2010 . After the company 's dissolution , the name Atlus continued as a brand used by Index Corporation for video game publishing until 2013 . Atlus in its current incarnation was founded as Sega Dream Corporation in September 2013 , a new shell corporation established by Sega . In November 2013 , Sega Dream was renamed Index Corporation , following the bankruptcy of the original Index Corporation . In April 2014 , Sega implemented a corporate spin-off in which the contents and solution businesses of Index were spun off as Index Corporation , while the rest of Index Corporation ( formerly Sega Dream ) was renamed Atlus . The company has two divisions , P-Studio , responsible for managing the Persona series , and Studio Zero . A North American branch of the company , Atlus USA was founded in 1991 in order to focus on publishing and localizing games for North America ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'January 8 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soldier Blade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soldier_Blade', 'summary': "Soldier Blade [ a ] is a 1992 vertical-scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Hudson Soft for the TurboGrafx-16 . Controlling the titular starship , the player is tasked with completing each of the game 's seven stages in order to wipe out the Zeograd Army , an alien race bent on conquering Earth . Power capsules can be collected to give the Soldier Blade access to new weapons , and can even be destroyed to unleash a powerful screen-clearing superweapon . The game is the fourth entry in the Star Soldier series and shares many similarities with its predecessor Super Star Soldier , with Soldier Blade having a heavy emphasis on speed . The initial idea for Soldier Blade came from Hudson designer Uriko Uribo 's conversations with other employees over which game to use for the company 's upcoming Caravan video game tournament . With the event only six months away , Uribo was hesitant to begin production , however executives from Hudson pushed for him to go forward with the idea . Uribo was simultaneously working on several Game Boy games when development began , giving him less time to focus on the project until these games were completed . The game was originally titled Sonic Blaster F-92 , which was changed to Soldier Blade due to trademark issues with another developer . Miscommunication between Uribo and staff lead to several mechanics being altered or changed by mistake , such as several stronger enemies instead being easy to kill . Time and hardware constraints added pressure to the team , leading to several ideas being heavily modified or scrapped entirely . It began development on a 6-megabit HuCard , reduced to a 4-megabit one later on . Although the game was rushed to meet its deadline , Soldier Blade was liked by critics for its gameplay , visuals and power-up system , though some thought it lacked originality and felt inferior to Hudson 's previous shooters for the system , namely Blazing Lazers and Final Soldier ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'January 8 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moto Roader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moto_Roader', 'summary': "Moto Roader ( spelled Motoroader in Europe ) is a futuristic racing game developed by NCS for the TurboGrafx-16 . The game is the first in a series which includes Moto Roader 2 and Moto Roader MC . It is notable for having a possible five players race simultaneously , one more player than most games ' maximum number . It was released on the Wii 's Virtual Console in Europe on January 5 , 2007 , in North America on January 15 , 2007 , and in Japan on January 16 , 2007 . It was released on the Wii U 's Virtual Console in Japan on December 17 , 2014 , in North America and Europe on October 12 , 2017 , and in Australia on October 13 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'NCS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaya_(company)', 'summary': 'Masaya Games ( メサイヤゲームス , Mesaiya Gēmusu ) is a video game brand . Initially established by Japanese entertainment company Nippon Computer Systems ( NCS ) in 1984 as Masaya for taking part in video game market . The brand name was transferred to Extreme in November 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'January 15 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vigilante ( not available from March 30 , 2012 to September 19 , 2013 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vigilante_(video_game)', 'summary': "Vigilante ( ビジランテ ) is a 1988 beat 'em up arcade game developed and published by Irem in Japan and Europe and published in North America by Data East . It is considered as a spiritual sequel to Irem 's earlier Kung-Fu Master ."}]}, {'value': 'Irem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irem', 'summary': "Irem ( アイレムソフトウェアエンジニアリング株式会社 , Airemu Software Engineering ) is a Japanese video game console developer and publisher , and formerly a developer and manufacturer of arcade games as well . The company has its headquarters in Chiyoda , Tokyo . The full name of the company that currently uses the brand is Irem Software Engineering . It was established in 1997 by its parent company Nanao ( now Eizo ) for the purpose of taking over the development department of the original Irem Corporation , that had left the video game industry in 1994 to concentrate itself on the rental and sales of coin-op electronics . Irem Corporation was founded in 1974 as IPM and still exists today under the name of Apies . Irem is probably mostly known internationally for three 1980s arcade games : Moon Patrol ( 1982 ; licensed to Williams Electronics in North America ) , the earliest beat 'em up , Kung-Fu Master ( 1984 ) , and the scrolling shooter R-Type ( 1987 ) . Irem has been popular in Japan with games like Photoboy for the PC Engine and In the Hunt for arcades . As a result of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , Irem canceled the majority of its remaining video game projects , including Zettai Zetsumei Toshi 4 : Summer Memories and Poncotsu Roman Daikatsugeki Bumpy Trot 2 . Irem refocused to become primarily a slot-machine and pachinko developer , the industry it was in before turning to video games . Many Irem designers , including producer Kazuma Kujo , gathered to form a new company called Granzella to continue creating video games ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft , Irem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Irem', 'summary': "Irem ( アイレムソフトウェアエンジニアリング株式会社 , Airemu Software Engineering ) is a Japanese video game console developer and publisher , and formerly a developer and manufacturer of arcade games as well . The company has its headquarters in Chiyoda , Tokyo . The full name of the company that currently uses the brand is Irem Software Engineering . It was established in 1997 by its parent company Nanao ( now Eizo ) for the purpose of taking over the development department of the original Irem Corporation , that had left the video game industry in 1994 to concentrate itself on the rental and sales of coin-op electronics . Irem Corporation was founded in 1974 as IPM and still exists today under the name of Apies . Irem is probably mostly known internationally for three 1980s arcade games : Moon Patrol ( 1982 ; licensed to Williams Electronics in North America ) , the earliest beat 'em up , Kung-Fu Master ( 1984 ) , and the scrolling shooter R-Type ( 1987 ) . Irem has been popular in Japan with games like Photoboy for the PC Engine and In the Hunt for arcades . As a result of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , Irem canceled the majority of its remaining video game projects , including Zettai Zetsumei Toshi 4 : Summer Memories and Poncotsu Roman Daikatsugeki Bumpy Trot 2 . Irem refocused to become primarily a slot-machine and pachinko developer , the industry it was in before turning to video games . Many Irem designers , including producer Kazuma Kujo , gathered to form a new company called Granzella to continue creating video games ."}]}, {'value': 'February 5 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Adventure Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Adventure_Island', 'summary': "New Adventure Island ( 高橋名人の新冒険島 , Takahashi Meijin no Shin Bōken Jima , Master Takahashi 's New Adventure Island ) is a side-scrolling platform game by Hudson Soft originally released for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 and later re-released for the Virtual Console service in 2007 and the PlayStation Network in 2011 . It is the fourth game in the Adventure Island series , released shortly after Super Adventure Island for the SNES , but before Adventure Island 3 for the NES ."}]}, {'value': 'Now Production', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Now_Production', 'summary': 'Now Production Co. , Ltd. ( ナウプロダクション ) , stylized as NOW PRODUCTION , is a Japanese video game company headquartered in Chūō-ku , Osaka who develops and publishes video games . Founded in 1986 , it started developing various games for major Japanese companies including Namco , Hudson Soft , Capcom , Activision , Taito , Konami , Sega , and Nintendo . The company used to have a development department in East Ikebukuro , Toshima-ku , but it is now closed . Now Production has also been developing and selling software applications for iPhone and iPod touch since 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'February 19 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chew Man Fu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chew_Man_Fu', 'summary': 'Chew Man Fu ( Be Ball in Japan ) is an action video game for the TurboGrafx-16 released in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Now Production', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Now_Production', 'summary': 'Now Production Co. , Ltd. ( ナウプロダクション ) , stylized as NOW PRODUCTION , is a Japanese video game company headquartered in Chūō-ku , Osaka who develops and publishes video games . Founded in 1986 , it started developing various games for major Japanese companies including Namco , Hudson Soft , Capcom , Activision , Taito , Konami , Sega , and Nintendo . The company used to have a development department in East Ikebukuro , Toshima-ku , but it is now closed . Now Production has also been developing and selling software applications for iPhone and iPod touch since 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'February 26 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Double Dungeons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Double_Dungeons', 'summary': 'Double Dungeons is a role-playing video game developed by Masaya and published by NEC for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1989 in Japan and in 1990 in North America . Its unique selling point was that it supports simultaneously two-player gameplay . It was released for the Wii Virtual Console in Japan on March 6 , 2007 , in Europe on March 9 , 2007 , and in North America on March 12 , 2007 . It was released for the Wii U Virtual Console in Japan on February 10 , 2015 , in North America on September 28 , 2017 , in Europe on October 5 , 2017 , and in Australia on October 6 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'NCS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaya_(company)', 'summary': 'Masaya Games ( メサイヤゲームス , Mesaiya Gēmusu ) is a video game brand . Initially established by Japanese entertainment company Nippon Computer Systems ( NCS ) in 1984 as Masaya for taking part in video game market . The brand name was transferred to Extreme in November 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'March 12 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Splatterhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Splatterhouse', 'summary': "Splatterhouse ( スプラッターハウス , Supurattāhausu ) is a beat 'em up arcade game developed and published by Namco . It is also subsequently the title of a series of games released in home console and personal computer formats . The game was heavily influenced by American slasher films and the works of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft , and is a homage to the violent horror films of the 1980s . Due to its violent nature as well as some questionable enemies , the TurboGrafx-16 port of Splatterhouse had a parental advisory warning printed on the front of the box that read , The horrifying theme of this game may be inappropriate for young children . and cowards ."}]}, {'value': 'Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namco', 'summary': "Namco Ltd. [ a ] ( stylized as NAMCO ) [ b ] is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games , originally headquartered in Ōta , Tokyo . Several international divisions were established , including Namco America in Santa Clara , California , Shanghai Namco in mainland China , and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong . Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho [ c ] on June 1 , 1955 , beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens , seeing success with making children 's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain . Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959 , the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan , where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia . The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house , beginning with Gee Bee in 1978 . Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later , followed by Pac-Man in 1980 - the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time . In February 2005 , Namco announced they would merge with Bandai to form Bandai Namco Holdings . The merge was finalized on September 25 , creating Japan 's third-largest video game entity by revenue and the seventh largest by revenue in the world . Both operated independently under the new holdings company until March 31 , 2006 , where their video game operations were merged to form Namco Bandai Games . The original Namco name was spun-off into a new company the same day , which handled the amusement park and arcade center operations of Bandai Namco Holdings . It was renamed to Bandai Namco Amusement during a corporate restructuring on April 1 , 2018 . Namco produced several critically and commercially successful franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Tekken , Ace Combat , Dig Dug , Soulcalibur , Xevious , Ridge Racer and Tales , and was one of the world 's most prolific video game companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft , Bandai Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 19 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Dragon 's Curse", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wonder_Boy_III:_The_Dragon's_Trap", 'summary': "Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap [ a ] is a platforming and action-adventure video game developed by Westone as part of Sega 's Wonder Boy series . It was published by Sega and released for the Master System in 1989 and for the Game Gear in 1992 as Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap [ b ] . It was ported by Hudson Soft and released in 1991 for the TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine under the name Dragon 's Curse [ c ] . It was also ported in 1993 by Brazilian company Tec Toy under the title Turma da Mônica em o Resgate , with the game retooled to include characters from Brazilian comic book series Monica 's Gang ( Turma da Mônica ) . A remake developed by Lizardcube and published by DotEmu , titled Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap , was released in April 2017 . The game takes place after the events of Wonder Boy in Monster Land , in which Wonder Boy has been cursed by the Mecha Dragon and must locate the Salamander Cross to lift it . The game is nonlinear and features varying landscapes in which players must navigate . Players find items and clues needed to access different parts of Monster Land , and they can transform into other forms and gain different abilities . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap received wide acclaim from gaming magazines upon its release . It was praised for its colorful and cartoon-like graphics , rich sound and diverse sound effects , and varied and addictive gameplay . Criticisms include sprite flickering in the Master System version as well as slippery controls . It won Electronic Gaming Monthly 's Best Game of the Year award for the Master System in 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'April 2 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bravoman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bravoman', 'summary': "Chōzetsurin Jin : Bravoman [ a ] is a 1988 beat'em up arcade game developed and published in Japan by Namco . Described as a comical action game , the player controls the titular character , a bionic superhero with telescopic limbs , as he must defeat the villanous Dr . Bomb before he takes over the planet . Bravoman can use his arms , legs and head to defeat enemies , and can also crouch and jump over them . Some enemies will drop small items known as Fuku , which will award Bravoman with a power-up when enough are collected . It ran on the Namco System 1 arcade board . Conceived by Namco composer Norio Nakagata , Bravoman was to be a homage to 1930 's tokusatsu films , parodying common tropes found in the genre , and Nakagata 's love for synthesizer music . Many former staff members from Toei Animation were hired for the project , leading to the game 's distinct art style influenced by anime . Bravoman 's real identity , known as Hitoshi Nakamura , is a caricature of Namco 's then-president Masaya Nakamura , who the game was dedicated to . The game is Namco 's only arcade game to use pressure-sensitive buttons , which were reported to easily break after long-term use . Ports of the game were released for the TurboGrafx-16 , Japanese mobile phones and the Wii Virtual Console . Bravoman was met with a mixed to favorable reception from Japanese critics , who praised its graphics and humor but criticized its high difficulty ; it would win numerous awards from Gamest magazine , including Best Character Award and Best Ending ."}]}, {'value': 'Now Production', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Now_Production', 'summary': 'Now Production Co. , Ltd. ( ナウプロダクション ) , stylized as NOW PRODUCTION , is a Japanese video game company headquartered in Chūō-ku , Osaka who develops and publishes video games . Founded in 1986 , it started developing various games for major Japanese companies including Namco , Hudson Soft , Capcom , Activision , Taito , Konami , Sega , and Nintendo . The company used to have a development department in East Ikebukuro , Toshima-ku , but it is now closed . Now Production has also been developing and selling software applications for iPhone and iPod touch since 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft , Bandai Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bonk 's Revenge", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bonk's_Revenge", 'summary': "Bonk 's Revenge ( PC-原人 2 , or PC-Genjin 2 in Japan ) is a 2D platformer set in prehistory , originally for the TurboGrafx-16 console , created in 1991 by the Red Company for Hudson Soft , and licensed by NEC . This is the second title in the Bonk series and it was re-released for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 on the Gate of Thunder 4-in-1 game CD-ROM . A completely different game with the same name appeared on the Game Boy , whereas the original version was re-released for Wii Virtual Console and on the Japanese PlayStation Store . It was also released in Japan on Windows Store on December 13 , 2013 and on Wii U Virtual Console on March 12 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Red Company , Mutech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Entertainment', 'summary': 'Red Entertainment ( 株式会社レッド・エンタテインメント , Kabushiki-gaisha Reddo Entateinmento ) is a video game developer and publisher based in Japan . Formerly known as the Red Company ( レッドカンパニー , Reddo Kanpanī ) since its founding in 1976 ( though it did not begin doing business until 1985 ) , it was reorganized under its current moniker on December 4 , 2000 . While Red Company as a public corporation dates back to the mid-1980s , the first title released under the Red Entertainment brand was Gungrave on July 17 , 2002 . The name RED comes from Royal Emperor Dragon . In 2011 , the company was acquired by Chinese game developer UltiZen Games Limited . In 2014 , Red Entertainment was sold to Oizumi Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'April 16 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Battle Lode Runner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_Lode_Runner', 'summary': 'Battle Lode Runner is a video game based on the Lode Runner series of games , originally released for the NEC PC Engine by Hudson Soft in 1993 . It was released in Japan on May 29 , 2007 and also released in the North American and European regions for the first time in April 2007 for the Wii Virtual Console . It is also the first game originally released only in Japan to be available on the Virtual Console for another region .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'April 23 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shockman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shockman', 'summary': 'Shockman ( known in Japan as Kaizō Chōjin Shubibinman 2 : Aratanaru Teki ( 改造超人シュビビンマン2 新たなる敵 , lit . Modified Superhuman Schbibinman 2 : A New Enemy ) is a 1991 video game developed by Winds and released exclusively for the TurboGrafx-16 . It was released in the United States in 1992 , making it the only game in the Kaizou Choujin Shubibinman series to be released outside Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Winds Corp', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Titles -- TurboGrafx-16/TurboGrafx-CD', 'section_text': 'There were 63 titles available from the TurboGrafx-16 , which was launched in 1989 .', 'uid': 'List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(North_America)_3', 'intro': 'The following is a list of the 427 games that were available on the Virtual Console for the Wii in North America. These games could also be played on the Wii U through Wii Mode, but lack the additional features found in Wii U Virtual Console releases. The games are sorted by system and in the order they were added in the Wii Shop Channel. To sort by other columns, click the corresponding icon in the header row. Nintendo discontinued the Wii Shop Channel on January 31, 2019, with the purchase of Wii Points for new games having ended on March 26, 2018. But Wii Shop Channel users can still continue to redownload previously purchased content as of February 1, 2019.'}
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What is the release date for the game where the player commands the star ship R-9 Arrowhead ?
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December 25 , 2006
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02a9266c68c79de3
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yvonne Bönisch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yvonne_Bönisch', 'summary': "Yvonne Bönisch ( born 29 December 1980 in Ludwigsfelde , East Germany ) was a German judoka . She retired in 2008 . She won a gold medal in the lightweight ( 57 kg ) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics and was a two-times world championship finalist ( 2003 and 2005 ) . Her beginnings with judo happened at JV Ludwigsfelde . Bönisch coached at UJKC Potsdam . She moved to Israel in January 2017 and is now a coach with the women 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall and featured 368 judoka competing for 14 gold medals with seven different weight categories in both the men 's and women 's competitions . Japan dominated the event by taking 8 gold and 2 silver medals . Gold and silver medals in each weight class were determined by a single-elimination bracket . There was a repechage for those who are eliminated by one of the eventual semifinalists . Since there are four semifinalists , this means that four of the losers of the round of 32 ( i.e. , 25% ) faced four of the losers from the round of 16 ( 50% ) . The winners of these matches faced the four judokas who have lost in the quarterfinals . The winners , then , of these four matches faced each other to narrow the repechage field down to two judokas . Until this stage , the repechage has been segregated into two distinct halves , with each successive competitor facing another one from the same half of the original bracket ; but each of the two judokas who emerge from the repechage challenged the loser of the other bracket 's semifinal . ( Since these two always come from opposite halves of the original bracket , they could not have faced each other already . ) The winners of these two matches were each awarded a bronze medal , making judo unusual among Olympic events in not determining a single third-place finisher . There was controversy in the men 's competition , when Iranian competitor and two-times world champion Arash Miresmaeili weighed in overweight and was disqualified before a match in which he would have faced Israeli judoka Ehud Vaks . Miresmaeili 's comments strongly suggested that he had intentionally disqualified himself so as not to compete against an Israeli ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 57 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_57_kg", 'summary': "Women 's 57 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 16 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall . This event was the third-lightest of the women 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 57 kilograms of body mass . Like all other judo events , bouts lasted five minutes . If the bout was still tied at the end , it was extended for another five-minute , sudden-death period ; if neither judoka scored during that period , the match is decided by the judges . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage . The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket 's repechage in bronze medal bouts ."}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manfred Kurzer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manfred_Kurzer', 'summary': 'Manfred Kurzer ( born 10 January 1970 in Berlin ) is a German sports shooter and Olympic champion . He won gold medal in 10 metre running target at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . He placed sixth at the 2000 Summer Olympics . Is currently training soldiers of the army and lives in Frankfurt .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 10 m running target", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_10_metre_running_target", 'summary': "The men 's 10 metre running target competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 and 19 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . Along with the women 's double trap , this was the last Olympic competition in the event , before being removed from the program shortly after the Games . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a running target at 10 metres distance . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The first 30 shots were in the slow-running stage , with series of 30 runs being shot within 5 seconds . The second set of 30 runs gave shooters 2.5 seconds to take each shot . The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 20 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . They were fired in four series of 5 fast-running shots . Despite a poor performance in the final , Germany 's Manfred Kurzer held off a strenuous challenge from the Russian duo Aleksandr Blinov and 2002 World champion Dimitri Lykin to capture the gold medal with 682.4 points in a historic running target finale ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Dogonadze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Dogonadze', 'summary': "Anna Dogonadze ( Georgian : ანა დოღონაძე ; born February 15 , 1973 ) is a German trampoline gymnast of Georgian origin who won a gold medal in the event of trampolining at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She was born on 15 February 1973 in Mtskheta , Georgian SSR , ( present day Georgia ) . Prior to Georgian independence , she competed for the Soviet Union , and afterwards represented Georgia in international competition . Dogonadze became a German citizen after marrying a German national . They live in Bad Kreuznach , Germany , with their daughter Mariam . By profession , Dogonadze is a teacher . Dogonadze 's career highlight was her Olympic win in 2004 , which followed a disastrous final in the Sydney Olympics four years earlier . She was the oldest finalist in her event at the 2004 Athens games , at age 31 ; the oldest competing in her event at the 2008 Beijing Games , at 35 years old ; and oldest in her event at the 2012 London games , at 39 years old ."}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's trampoline", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_trampoline", 'summary': "These are the results for the women 's individual trampoline competition , one of two events of the trampoline discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 20 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jens Fiedler Stefan Nimke René Wolff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jens_Fiedler_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Jens Fiedler ( born 15 February 1970 ) is a German triple Olympic champion and multiple world champion track cyclist . He retired from competitive cycling in early 2005 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stefan_Nimke', 'summary': "Stefan Nimke ( born 1 March 1978 in Hagenow , Bezirk Schwerin ) is an Olympic and world champion track cyclist from Germany . At the 2000 Summer Olympics , he won the silver medal in the men 's 1 km time trial , and was part of the German men 's team that finished 7th in the men 's team sprint . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , he won the gold medal in the men 's team sprint with Jens Fiedler and René Wolff , and won the bronze medal in the men 's 1 km time trial . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , he won the bronze medal in the men 's team sprint , with Rene Enders and Maximillan Levy and finished in 9th place in the men 's individual sprint ."}, {'url': '/wiki/René_Wolff', 'summary': 'René Wolff ( born 4 April 1978 in Erfurt ) is an Olympic and world champion track cyclist from Germany . Wolff specializes in the Sprint , Team Sprint and Kierin events and teamed up with multiple Olympic champion Jens Fiedler and Stefan Nimke to win the Gold medal in the Team Sprint event at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Since 2010 René Wolff is the national coach of the Dutch track cycling team .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of 18 events in three disciplines :'}]}, {'value': "Men 's team sprint", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_team_sprint", 'summary': "The men 's team sprint event in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested by twelve teams . The competition took place on August 21 at the Olympic Velodrome at the Athens Olympic Sports Complex ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heike Kemmer Ulla Salzgeber Martin Schaudt Hubertus Schmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heike_Kemmer', 'summary': 'Heike Kemmer ( born 24 April 1962 in Berlin ) is a German equestrian who competes in the sport of dressage . She won team gold medals at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics , as well as individual bronze in 2008 . She also won medals at the German Dressage Championships and European Dressage Championships , as well as assisting the German team to gold at the 2006 World Equestrian Games . Kemmer retired Bonaparte 67 , upon whom she had won most of her international medals , in 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ulla_Salzgeber', 'summary': "Ulla Salzgeber ( born 5 August 1958 in Oberhausen ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion who competes in the sport of dressage . Competing in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics , she won two team gold medals , one individual silver and one individual bronze . She also won numerous medals at the World Equestrian Games , Dressage World Cup and European Dressage Championships . After the retirement of her Olympic horse , Rusty , after the 2004 Games , and unexpected death of her second international-level mount in 2005 , Salzgeber struggled to find a new Grand Prix-level horse . In 2005 , she took time from competition to act as the dressage training adviser to the Australian national equestrian team , but resigned from that position in late 2006 . In 2008 , she began riding Herzruf 's Erbe at major events , but the horse has been plagued by injuries that have required him to miss many competitions . Salzgeber announced a change in her training base in July 2016 , moving to new stables in Ettringen , Bavaria . In 2013 , after returning Herzruf 's Erbe to competition , Salzgeber was again named to the German equestrian squad 's A-team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martin_Schaudt', 'summary': 'Martin Schaudt ( born 7 December 1958 in Balingen , Baden-Württemberg ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta with the team from Germany . He also received a gold medal with the German team in 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hubertus_Schmidt', 'summary': 'Hubertus Schmidt ( born 8 October 1959 ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the team from Germany . Hubertus was a mainstay of the German team with his famous mare Wansuela Suerte , and he has trained many other horses to Grand Prix . He is currently ( 2010 ) the coach for the Swedish team . He teaches at Fleyenhof stable in Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'Equestrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The events of the equestrian at the 2004 Summer Olympics featured three equestrian disciplines : dressage , eventing and jumping . All three disciplines are further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events . The Markopoulo Olympic Equestrian Centre , on the outskirts of Markopoulo in the Attica region of Greece , hosted the dressage and jumping events while the eventing took place in the nearby Eventing Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Team dressage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Team_dressage', 'summary': 'The team dressage event , part of the equestrian program at the 2004 Summer Olympics , used the results of the first round of the individual dressage to award rankings . That round was held on 20 August and 21 August 2004 at the Olympic Equestrian Centre on the outskirts of Markópoulo , in the Attica region of Greece . Like all other equestrian events , the dressage competition was mixed gender , with both male and female athletes competing in the same division . 10 teams , each consisting of four horse and rider pairs , entered the contest .'}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katrin_Rutschow-Stomporowski', 'summary': "Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski ( née Rutschow , born 2 April 1975 in Waren ( Müritz ) ) is a German rower and two-time Olympic gold medalist . She married Bernhard Stomporowski , a lightweight men 's world championship medallist , in December 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's single sculls", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_single_sculls", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's single sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralf Schumann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralf_Schumann', 'summary': 'Ralf Schumann ( born June 10 , 1962 ) is a German 25 m rapid fire pistol shooter . He is a three-time Olympic Champion and twice the World Champion . One of the most decorated shooters of the modern era , he is the first of two sport shooters to have won three Olympic gold medals in one individual event ( 25 metre rapid fire pistol ) and became the first of three sport shooters to have won three Olympic individual gold medals . He won the gold medals for the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 1992 , 1996 and 2004 Olympics and also won two silver medals at this event , becoming the most successful Olympic shooter at this event . Schumann has participated in seven consecutive Olympic Games since 1988 , setting a new record for most Olympic appearances by a German athlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m rapid fire pistol", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_25_metre_rapid_fire_pistol", 'summary': "The men 's 25 metre rapid fire pistol competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 21 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . This was the last Olympic competition before the major rule changes that took place on January 1 , 2005 , and which lowered the results of the event . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a pistol at 25 metres distance . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . Targets were presented in series of 5 . Each shooter was presented with 12 series , and had a sharply limited time to complete each . Four of the series had to be completed in 8 seconds apiece , four more within 6 seconds , and four within 4 seconds . The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 40 shots . They were presented in eight series of 5 shots each , with each series being limited to 4 seconds to make all five shots . Germany 's world number one shooter Ralf Schumann produced the highest final round ever with 102.9 to easily get the best aggregate score of 694.9 and his third Olympic gold medal in rapid fire pistol shooting , becoming the first in the event 's history to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kathrin Boron Kerstin El Qalqili Meike Evers Manuela Lutze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kathrin_Boron', 'summary': 'Kathrin Boron no-repeat ; background-position : right .1em center } .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kerstin_El_Qalqili', 'summary': 'Kerstin Kowalski ( also known as Kerstin El Qalqili , born 25 January 1976 in Potsdam-Babelsberg ) is a German rower . At the 2000 Olympics she rowed with her twin sister Manja . Kowalski was married to fellow rower Iradj El Qalqili , who had proposed to her at the finish line at the 2000 Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Meike_Evers', 'summary': 'Meike Evers ( born 6 June 1977 in Berlin ) is a German rower who was co-winner of two Olympic gold medals . She is currently a police detective and member of the Athlete Committee of the World Anti-Doping Agency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Manuela_Lutze', 'summary': "Manuela Lutze ( born 20 March 1974 in Blankenburg am Harz , Germany ) is a multi Olympic-medaling sculler who competed in four Olympics , winning two gold medals and a bronze medal . In addition , she has also won 5 Gold Medals in the Quadruple Sculls event at the World Championships , beginning with Lac d'Aiguebelette , France in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's quadruple sculls", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_quadruple_sculls", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's quadruple sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Germany women 's national field hockey team Tina Bachmann Caroline Casaretto Nadine Ernsting-Krienke Franziska Gude Mandy Haase Natascha Keller Denise Klecker Anke Kühn Badri Latif Heike Lätzsch Sonja Lehmann Silke Müller Fanny Rinne Marion Rodewald Louisa Walter Julia Zwehl", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Germany_women's_national_field_hockey_team", 'summary': "The Germany women 's national field hockey team has represented the unified Germany since 1991 . The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , by defeating the Netherlands in the final ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tina_Bachmann_(field_hockey)', 'summary': "Tina Bachmann ( born August 1 , 1978 in Mülheim , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a retired German field hockey player . She represented Germany in two editions of the Olympic Games ( 2004 and 2008 ) , and also often played as a midfielder and an experienced central defender . Bachmann was also a member of the Germany women 's national field hockey team who attained a great success in the mid and late 2000 's , capturing three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 2006 Women 's Hockey Champions Trophy , and 2007 Women 's EuroHockey Nations Championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Caroline_Casaretto', 'summary': "Caroline Casaretto ( born May 24 , 1978 in Krefeld , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a retired female field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nadine_Ernsting-Krienke', 'summary': "Nadine Ernsting-Krienke ( born 5 February 1974 in Telgte , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a field hockey striker from Germany , who won the gold medal with the women 's national team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is one of the most decorated field hockey players in Germany , having played in four consecutive Summer Olympic Games , starting in 1992 . She retired from international play in 2009 , after having represented Germany 360 times , scoring 137 goals . Since 1989 she has been playing for Eintracht Braunschweig in Bundesliga ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Franziska_Gude', 'summary': "Franziska ( Franzi ) Gude ( born March 19 , 1976 in Göttingen , Lower Saxony ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mandy_Haase', 'summary': "Mandy Haase ( born 25 June 1982 , in Leipzig ) is a field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She made her debut for the national squad on 18 May 2003 in a friendly match against the Czech Republic ( 3-0 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natascha_Keller', 'summary': "Natascha Keller ( born July 3 , 1977 in West Berlin ) is a German retired field hockey striker . She won a gold medal as a member of the German team at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics , 2000 Summer Olympics , 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics . In 1999 she received an award from the International Hockey Federation . She is the daughter of retired Olympic field hockey player Carsten Keller and granddaughter of player Erwin Keller . Her brothers Andreas Keller and Florian Keller , like her father and herself , were on gold medal winning field hockey teams . Keller has accumulated over 400 games for the Germany women 's national field hockey team , which makes her the country 's most capped female player in history . Keller was the flag bearer for Germany at the 2012 Summer Olympics , becoming the first field hockey athlete being honoured this way ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Denise_Klecker', 'summary': "Denise Klecker ( born 26 January 1972 in Mainz , Rhineland-Palatinate ) is a retired female field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is renowned as specialist for penalty corner shooting ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anke_Kühne', 'summary': 'Anke Kühne , née Kühn ( born 28 February 1981 , in Hanover ) , is a field hockey player from Germany , who played for the German national team and won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is married to German sculler Tobias Kühne . She has represented Germany in 181 matches . Kühne began her career with TSV Engensen alongside Kerstin Hoyer , also on the national team , and played there from 1985 to 1991 . She went on playing for HC Hannover and remained there from 1991 to 1992 . From 1992 to 1997 , she played for DTV Hannover . Since 1997 , she has been playing for Eintracht Braunschweig in the first and second Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Badri_Latif', 'summary': 'Badri Latif ( Persian : بدری لطیف ; born 2 November 1977 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Berlin . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Heike_Lätzsch', 'summary': "Heike Wedekind née Lätzsch ( born 19 December 1973 in Braunschweig , Lower Saxony ) is a former field hockey striker from Germany , who won the gold medal with the Women 's National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She made her international debut in 1990 at the age of sixteen at the World Cup in Sydney , Australia . After having played in four consecutive Summer Olympics , starting in 1992 , Lätzsch retired in 2004 , after the Athens Games . In total , she represented Germany in 250 matches ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sonja_Lehmann', 'summary': 'Sonja Lehmann ( born 13 September 1979 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Berlin . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . She played for TuS Lichterfelde Berlin . In 2008 , she married hockeyplayer Bastian Dittberner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Silke_Müller', 'summary': "Silke Müller ( born 11 November 1978 ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fanny_Rinne', 'summary': 'Fanny Rinne ( born 15 April 1980 in Mannheim , Baden-Württemberg ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marion_Rodewald', 'summary': "Marion Rodewald ( born 24 December 1976 in Mülheim an der Ruhr , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisa_Walter', 'summary': 'Louisa Walter ( born 2 December 1978 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Düsseldorf . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julia_Zwehl', 'summary': 'Julia Zwehl ( born March 20 , 1976 ) is a former field hockey international from Germany . She played as goalkeeper and was a member of the German gold medal winning team at the 2004 Olympics in Athens . Zwehl , nicknamed Zorro , played for Eintracht Braunschweig . In total , she represented Germany in 93 matches .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field Hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Olympic Hockey Centre located within the Helliniko Olympic Complex . The competitions for both men and women was split into two groups with the top two teams after the preliminary rounds progressing through to the semi-finals .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's tournament", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_tournament", 'summary': "The women 's field hockey tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the 7th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games . It was held over an eleven-day period beginning on 16 August , and culminating with the medal finals on 26 August . All games were played at the hockey centre within the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Athens , Greece . Germany won the gold medal for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 2-1 in the final . Argentina won the bronze medal by defeating China 1-0 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Gille Tomasz Wylenzek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Gille', 'summary': 'Christian Gille ( born 6 January 1979 in Wolfen ) is a German flatwater canoeist who has competed since the mid-1990s . A junior world champion ( C-4 1000 m ) in 1993 , he won two senior world championship gold medals with Thomas Zereske in the C-2 200 m sprint in 1997 and 1998 . They also competed at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 , placing fifth in the C-2 500 m final . In 2002 Gille won the only C-1 world championship medal of his career . He crossed the line in fourth place in the C-1 200 m final in Seville , Spain , but was later awarded the bronze medal after Ukrainian Dmytro Sablin tested positive for cannabis . [ citation needed ] Of more significance for the future however was the formation that year of a new C-2 partnership with 19-year-old Tomasz Wylenzek . They finished third in the European Championships and seventh in the C-2 500 m in Seville . Two years later they won a surprise gold medal in the C-2 1000m . Gille wore a black armband in memory of his former partner Thomas Zereske who had died earlier that summer . In 2005 Gille and Wylenzek completely dominated the C-2 event . A clean sweep of medals ( 200 m , 500 m and 1000 m ) at the European Championships in Poznań , Poland , in May was followed by two golds ( 500m and 1000m ) at the World Championships in Zagreb . 2006 proved a disappointment after the highs of the previous two years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tomasz_Wylenzek', 'summary': "Tomasz Wylenzek ( Polish : Tomasz Wylenżek ) ( born 9 January 1983 in Nowe Chechło , Silesia , Poland ) is a German sprint canoeist who has competed since the early 2000s . Wylenzek won two junior world championship titles in 2001 at Curitiba , Brazil . The following year , still only 19 , he was promoted to the German senior squad as C-2 partner for the more experienced Christian Gille . At the 2002 World Championships in Seville , they finished seventh in the 500 m final . At Wylenzek 's first Olympics in Athens , he and Gille won a surprise gold in the C-2 1000 m event . In 2005 Gille and Wylenzek completely dominated the C-2 event , showing that their Athens victory was not a fluke . A clean sweep of medals ( 200 m , 500 m and 1000 m ) at the European Championships in Poznań , Poland , in May was followed by two golds ( 500 m and 1000 m ) at the World Championships in Zagreb . 2006 proved a disappointment after the highs of the previous two years . Gille and Wylenzek lost out to Stefan Holtz and Robert Nuck in the German C-2 500 m trial and were therefore unable to defend their European and world titles over that distance . Wylenzek was philosophical as they lost their other titles too , coming away with just two silver medals at the major championships ( European C-2 1000 m and world C-2 200 m ) . Wylenzek won two more Olympic medals at Beijing in 2008 with a silver in the C-1 1000 m and a bronze in the C-2 500 m events . since those games , he has won two more world championships medals with a gold in 2009 ( C-2 1000 m ) and a bronze in 2010 ( C-4 1000 m ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's C-2 1000 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_C-2_1000_metres", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's C-2 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The C-2 event is raced by two-man sprint canoes ."}]}, {'value': 'August 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birgit Fischer Carolin Leonhardt Malke Nollen Katrin Wagner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birgit_Fischer', 'summary': "Birgit Fischer ( born 25 February 1962 ) is a German kayaker , who has won eight gold medals over six different Olympic Games , a record she shares with Aladár Gerevich , spanning seven Olympiads : twice representing East Germany ( interrupted by the boycott of 1984 ) , then four times representing the reunited nation . After both the 1988 and 2000 games , she announced her retirement , only to return for the subsequent games . She has been both the youngest- and oldest-ever Olympic canoeing champion ( ages 18 and 42 ) . In 2004 , she was voted German sportswoman of the year . Fischer was born in Brandenburg an der Havel , then in East Germany . She attended an ASK ( army sports club ) boarding school in Potsdam , and worked as a sports instructor in the National People 's Army , attaining a rank of major by the time of German reunification in 1990 . She was married from 1984 to 1993 to canoeist Jörg Schmidt , silver medalist in the C-1 1000 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . She lives with their two children in Brandenburg . In 1999 she stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the FDP in the European Parliament election . Fischer 's niece , Fanny , competed for Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , winning a gold in the K-4 500 m event . Fischer 's brother Frank won nine world championship medals between 1981 and 1986 . She also won 38 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medals between 1978 and 2005 , including 28 golds ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carolin_Leonhardt', 'summary': 'Carolin Martina Leonhardt ( born 22 November 1984 in Lampertheim , Hesse ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the 2000s . She won two medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with a gold in the K-4 500 m and a silver in the K-2 500 m events . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won a silver in the K-4 500 m. Leonhardt has also won fifteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with six golds ( K-4 200 m : 2005 , 2007 , 2009 ; K-4 500 m : 2005 , 2007 ; K-1 4 x 200 m : 2011 ) , eight silvers ( K-2 1000 m : 2009 , 2010 , 2013 ; K-4 200 m 2006 , K-4 500 m : 2006 , 2009 , 2011 ; K-4 1000 m : 2006 ) , and a bronze ( K-4 1000 m : 2005 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Malke_Nollen', 'summary': 'Maike Nollen ( born 15 November 1977 in Berlin ) is a German sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-2000s . She won a gold medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Nollen also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers ( K-2 1000 m : 2002 , K-4 500 m : 2002 ) and a bronze ( K-4 200 m : 2002 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Katrin_Wagner', 'summary': 'Katrin Wagner-Augustin ( born 13 October 1977 ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s . She is 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) tall , and weighs 161 pounds ( 73 kg ) . Competing in four Summer Olympics , Wagner has six medals with four golds ( K-2 500 m : 2000 , K-4 500 m : 2000 , 2004 , and 2008 ) , one silver ( K-4 500 m : 2012 ) and one bronze ( K-1 500 m : 2008 ) . Wagner-Augustin also won 26 medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with ten golds ( K-1 1000 m : 2005 , K-1 4 × 200 m : 2009 , 2010 ; K-4 200 m : 1997 , 2005 , 2007 , 2009 ; K-4 500 m : 1997 , 2005 , 2007 ) , fourteen silvers ( K-1 500 m : 2009 , K-1 1000 m : 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2006 ; K-2 200 m : 2006 , K-2 500 m : 2002 , K-2 1000 m : 1999 , K-4 500 m : 1999 , 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 , 2010 ) , and two bronzes ( K-1 500 m : 2007 , K-4 200 m : 2002 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's K-4 500 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_K-4_500_metres", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's K-4 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The K-4 event is raced by four-person canoe sprint kayaks ."}]}, {'value': 'August 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreas Dittmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andreas_Dittmer', 'summary': "Andreas Dittmer ( born 16 April 1972 in Neustrelitz , Bezirk Neubrandenburg ) is a German sprint canoeist . The dominant sprint canoeist of his generation in 1000 m races , he has won three Olympic and eight world championship gold medals . Dittmer won his first world championship medal - a bronze - at Paris in 1991 as a member of Germany 's C-4 500 m crew . In 1994 he won the C-2 1000 m world championship with Gunar Kirchbach . At the 1996 Olympics the pair won the gold medal in the same event . Now established as Germany 's top canoe sprinter he was selected for the C-1 event and won the C-1 1000 m world title at his first attempt in Dartmouth , Canada in 1997 . At Sydney 2000 he won the C-1 1000 m gold as well as the bronze in the 500 m race . He then won three consecutive C-1 1000 m world titles ( 2001 , 2002 , 2003 ) . In 2003 he also won his first world 500 m title , finally defeating four-time champion Maxim Opalev of Russia to claim his first double . At the European championships too he won three straight gold medals in his specialist 1000 m event , but had to be content with four consecutive silver medals behind Opalev in the 500 m. Dittmer went to the 2004 Summer Olympics as the overwhelming favourite for the 1000 m gold medal , having been undefeated in major finals for over four years . However he was surprisingly beaten by Spain 's David Cal , who finished just 0.52 second ahead of Dittmer 's time of 3:46.721 . In the C-1 500 m final Dittmer gained his revenge , edging out Cal by 0.34 seconds , to win the gold medal in a time of 1:46.383 , with 500 m specialist Opalev pushed back into third place ."}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's C-1 500 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_C-1_500_metres", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's C-1 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The C-1 event is raced by single-man sprint canoes ."}]}, {'value': 'August 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronald Rauhe Tim Wieskötter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Rauhe', 'summary': 'Ronald Rauhe ( born 2 October 1981 ) is a German sprint canoeist who has competed since 1997 . Competing in five Summer Olympics , he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event ( gold : 2004 , silver : 2008 , bronze : 2000 ) . Rauhe has won 13 world championship gold medals , the most by a male kayaker ; now with 23 World medals , in 2011 he exceeded the 20 of his compatriot , Torsten Gutsche .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tim_Wieskötter', 'summary': 'Tim Wieskötter ( born March 12 , 1979 in Emsdetten , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s . Competing in three Summer Olympics , he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event ( gold : 2004 , silver : 2008 , bronze : 2000 ) with Ronald Rauhe . Since their initial pairing in 2000 , they have completely dominated the event , winning the major race of the season every year which also includes six world championships ( 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 and 2007 ) . They have also won seven consecutive European gold medals . In addition , Rauhe and Wieskötter hold the K-2 500 m world record of 1:26.971 ( Szeged , 2002 ) . In 2006 Rauhe and Wieskötter doubled up for the first time , defending their K-2 500 m titles and also adding the K-2 200 m gold medals at both the European and World Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's K-2 500 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_K-2_500_metres", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's K-2 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The K-2 event is raced by two-man canoe sprint kayaks ."}]}, {'value': 'August 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judith Arndt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judith_Arndt', 'summary': 'Judith Arndt ( born 23 July 1976 ) is a retired German professional cyclist , who last rode for the GreenEDGE-AIS cycling team . She won the bronze medal in the 3000 m pursuit event at the 1996 Summer Olympics when she was 20 . In 2004 , she won the world road race championship and came second in the Olympic road race .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of 18 events in three disciplines :'}]}, {'value': "Women 's road race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_road_race", 'summary': "The Women 's Road Race at the 2004 Summer Olympics ( Cycling ) : The peloton finally split on the penultimate lap , with a small group going clear that contained a number of the favourites , and two Australian cyclists , Sara Carrigan and Oenene Wood . When Carrigan broke from this group on the final lap , only Judith Arndt was able or willing to chase her down , and the pair stayed clear until the end , Carrigan out sprinting Arndt for the line . Russian sprinter Olga Slyusareva won the chase for bronze ahead of Wood and Nicole Cooke of Britain , who had had to work hard to catch up with the chasing group after hitting a barrier on the final lap . The 2000 Olympic champion , Leontien Zijlaard-van Moorsel of the Netherlands clipped another rider and crashed out on the penultimate lap . Date : August 15 Start : 15:00"}]}, {'value': 'August 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreas Wels Tobias Schellenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andreas_Wels', 'summary': 'Andreas Wels ( born January 1 , 1975 ) is a German competitive and synchronized diver . In 1997 he won his first international title , European Champion in competitive diving on the 1 m springboard . In 1999 he became vice world cup champion in competitive diving on the 3 m springboard , and in 2000 European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard together with his partner Tobias Schellenberg . In 2002 he became vice European Champion in competitive diving and synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . At the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona he won bronze in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . In 2004 he became European Champion in competitive diving on the 3 m springboard . At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens Andreas Wels and Tobias Schellenberg won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . They also won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal and a gold at the 2006 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tobias_Schellenberg', 'summary': 'Tobias Schellenberg ( born November 17 , 1978 in Leipzig ) is a German competitive and synchronized diver . In 2000 he became three-time German Champion in competitive diving , and European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard together with his partner Andreas Wels . In competitive diving , he won another two German Champion titles in 2001 , four in 2002 , and five in 2003 . Together with Andreas Wels he became vice European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard in 2002 , and won bronze at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona . At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens Tobias Schellenberg and Andreas Wels won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . They also won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , in Athens , eight diving events were contested during a competition that took place at the Olympic Aquatic Centre , from 20 to 28 August ( 14 and 16 August for the synchronized events ) , comprising a total of 125 divers from 30 nations .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's synchronized 3 m springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_synchronized_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The men 's synchronized 3 metre springboard was one of eight diving events included in the Diving at the 2004 Summer Olympics programme . The competition was held as an outright final :"}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nadine Kleinert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nadine_Kleinert', 'summary': 'Nadine Kleinert ( help·info ) , since 1999 married Schmitt ( born October 20 , 1975 in Magdeburg , Saxony-Anhalt ) is a German shot putter . Her personal best throw is 20.20 metres , achieved in August 2009 in Berlin .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's shot put", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_shot_put", 'summary': "The women 's shot put at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held on 18 August 2004 at the Ancient Olympia Stadium . It was originally planned to hold the discus throw at this venue , but it was discovered that the field was not large enough to accommodate the range of modern discus throwers , and would have posed a danger to spectators . As such , it was decided instead to hold the shot put at the site , despite the fact that the shot put was not contested at the Ancient Olympic Games . All distances are given in metres . On 23 August 2004 , Russian shot putter Irina Korzhanenko was stripped of her gold medal and thereby received a lifetime ban by the International Olympic Committee after she tested positive for the steroid stanozolol . After the announcement of Korzhanenko 's disqualification , her victory and medal were formally removed from the records , permitting Cuba 's Yumileidi Cumbá , Germany 's Nadine Kleinert , and Korzhanenko 's teammate Svetlana Krivelyova to upgrade their respective position for a new distribution medals . Accordingly , the gold medal was reverted to Cumba , silver to Kleinert , and bronze to Krivelyova . On 5 December 2012 , eight years after the official medal ceremony , Krivelyova was ordered to hand back her bronze after drug re-testings of her samples on oxandrolone had been discovered positive , leaving her place vacant until present . Since 2004 , the next two finishers Nadzeya Astapchuk and Natallia Kharaneka have both been banned for doping offenses , so the IOC decided not to upgrade them ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claudia Bokel Imke Duplitzer Britta Heidemann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claudia_Bokel', 'summary': 'Claudia Bokel ( born 30 August 1973 , in Ter Apel , the Netherlands ) is a German épée fencer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Imke_Duplitzer', 'summary': 'Imke Duplitzer ( born 28 July 1975 in Karlsruhe ) is a German épée fencer . Imke is a four time Olympian ( 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , and 2012 ) where she placed 10th , 5th , 5th , and 29th respectively ( in the individual competition ) . She also fenced in three team events at the Olympics , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics she won the silver medal in the team épée competition with Britta Heidemann and Claudia Bokel . During the 2006 World Fencing Championships she won the bronze medal after beating Romania in the épée team event together with her team mates Claudia Bokel , Britta Heidemann and Marijana Markovic . She is also a two time European Champion in the individual event ( 1999 & 2010 ) as well as being a part of the Gold medal winning team in 1998 . Duplitzer is openly lesbian .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Britta_Heidemann', 'summary': 'Britta Heidemann ( born 22 December 1982 ) is a German épée fencer .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Fencing Hall at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex . Ten gold medals were awarded in individual and team events , further divided into three styles of fencing : épée , foil and sabre . Fencing is one of the few sports that have been featured in every modern Olympic Games , and for the first time female competitors competed individually using the sabre . The Lexan window mask , showing the athletes ' faces , was used for the first time at these Olympics ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's team épée", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_team_épée", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's épée team competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . A total of 33 women from nine nations competed in this event . Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 20 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Lusch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Lusch', 'summary': 'Christian Lusch ( born February 19 , 1981 in Bühl ( Baden ) ) is a German sport shooter . He was born in Bühl ( Baden ) , Germany . He represented Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games , and won the silver medal in the rifle , prone , at 50 metres , and came in 12th in the rifle , prone , three positions , at 50 metres . He shares in the world record at 50 m rifle prone , with a 600 he shot in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 m rifle prone", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_50_metre_rifle_prone", 'summary': "The men 's 50 metre rifle prone competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 20 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a .22 Long Rifle at 50 metres distance from the prone position . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 10 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking . 23-year-old U.S. shooter Matthew Emmons maintained a single-point lead from the rest of the field in the qualifying round to finish with 703.3 for the rifle prone gold and his first Olympic medal . Germany 's Christian Lusch , who had gradually come close on Emmons in an attempt to steal his lead with only two rounds left , ended up taking the silver at 702.2 . Meanwhile , Belarus ' Sergei Martynov , who had the highest score in the final , shot 105.6 to vault himself from fifth at the start to a bronze-medal position with a total of 701.6 , repeating his feat from Sydney 2000 . Sweden 's Jonas Edman missed his Olympic title defense after finishing in a distant thirty-second from the prelims with 590 points , while 2000 silver medalist Torben Grimmel also fell short of the finale by just a single point from the cutoff score of 595 , relegating to a ninth-place draw with six other shooters ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Britta Oppelt Peggy Waleska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Britta_Oppelt', 'summary': "Britta Oppelt ( born 5 July 1978 ) is a German Olympic-medal winning sculler . Oppelt was born in Berlin , and competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , in the double sculls , and took home the silver medal along with teammate Peggy Waleska . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she was on the German quadruple sculls team that won the silver medal , along with Annekatrin Thiele , Carina Bär and Julia Richter . In 2008 , she was part of the German quadruple sculls team that won the bronze medal at the Beijing Olympics , along with Manuela Lutze , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller . She is also a two-time world champion in the women 's quadruple sculls in 2011 and 2013 . In 2011 , she rowed with Tina Manker , Stephanie Schiller and Julia Richter . In 2013 , she rowed with Carina Bär , Julia Richter and Annekatrin Thiele . In the quadruple sculls , she has also won two world championship silver medals , in 2005 ( with Susanne Schmidt , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller ) and 2007 ( with Manuela Lutze , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller ) , and a bronze in 2010 ( with Carina Bär , Tina Manker and Julia Richter ) . She has also won two silvers medals at world level in the double sculls , in 2003 ( with Kathrin Boron ) and 2006 ( with Susanne Schmidt ) . At European level she has won quadruple sculls gold at the 2013 European Championships and silver at the 2010 European Championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peggy_Waleska', 'summary': "Peggy Waleska ( born 11 April 1980 ) is a German rower . Waleska was born in 1980 in Pirna , a town in Saxony . She is a world champion rower who won a gold medal in the women 's quadruple sculls in Lucerne , Switzerland , in 2001 and successfully defended the title in Seville , Spain , in 2002 . At the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics , Waleska won a silver medal in the women 's double sculls event ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's double sculls", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_double_sculls", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's double sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lars Conrad Steffen Driesen Jens Kruppa Helge Meeuw * Thomas Rupprath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lars_Conrad', 'summary': "Lars Conrad ( born 1 June 1976 ) is an Olympic and national record holding freestyle swimmer from Germany . He swam for Germany at 2000 and 2004 Olympics . At the 2004 Olympics , he was part of Germany 's silver-medal winner 4×100 m medley relay , alongside Steffen Driesen , Jens Kruppa , and Thomas Rupprath ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Steffen_Driesen', 'summary': 'Steffen Driesen ( born November 30 , 1981 in Düsseldorf ) is a backstroke swimmer from Germany , who competed in two consequentive Summer Olympics for his native country . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , he won the silver medal in the 4x100 Medley Relay , alongside Lars Conrad , Jens Kruppa , and Thomas Rupprath .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jens_Kruppa', 'summary': 'Jens Kruppa ( born 3 June 1976 in Freital ) is an international breaststroke swimmer from Germany , who won the silver medal in the 4×100 metres medley relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Helge_Meeuw', 'summary': 'Helge Folkert Meeuw ( born 29 August 1984 from Wiesbaden , Germany ) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Germany . He swam for Germany at the :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Rupprath', 'summary': 'Thomas Rupprath ( born 16 March 1977 in Neuss ) is an Olympic swimmer from Germany , who is nicknamed The New Albatross .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 × 100 m medley relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_4_×_100_metre_medley_relay", 'summary': "The men 's 4×100 meter medley relay took place on 20-21 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . The U.S. team added two new world records to the books in the final men 's event of the Olympic swimming program . Aaron Peirsol , Brendan Hansen , Ian Crocker , and Jason Lezak lowered their time set at the 2003 FINA World Championships in Barcelona , Spain , stopping the clock in 3:30.68 . At the opening of the race , Peirsol led off a backstroke leg with a new world record of 53.45 , beating a 0.15-second mark set by Lenny Krayzelburg ( 53.60 ) from the Pan Pacific Championships in 1999 . Meanwhile , the Germans earned a silver medal in a European record of 3:33.62 , 11-hundredths of a second under the old Olympic record set by Team USA in 2000 . Japan finished third in 3:35.22 to hold off the strong Russian team anchored by double Olympic champion Alexander Popov , who made up more than 1.5 seconds , but fell short of a medal in his last Olympic final ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Germany_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': "Germany competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's fourth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics after its reunification in 1990. The German Olympic Sports Confederation (German: Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, DOSB) sent the nation's second largest delegation to the Games since its reunification. A total of 441 athletes, 250 men and 191 women, competed in 27 sports, and were nominated by DOSB at four different occasions."}
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What is the year of birth of the gold medalist in men 's 25 m rapid fire pistol shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics ?
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1962
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02aa11f497517088
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Champions_League_Twenty20', 'title': '2011 Champions League Twenty20', 'header': ['Team', 'Domestic tournament', 'Position', 'Appearance', 'Qualified'], 'data': [{'value': 'Southern Redbacks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Australia_cricket_team', 'summary': "The South Australia cricket team , named West End Redbacks , nicknamed the Southern Redbacks , is an Australian men 's professional first class cricket team based in Adelaide , South Australia . The Redbacks play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and are the state cricket team for South Australia , representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs Marsh One-Day Cup . Their Marsh One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with black sleeves . They are known as the West End Redbacks due to a sponsorship agreement with West End . The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash , but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League ."}]}, {'value': '2010-11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_KFC_Twenty20_Big_Bash', 'summary': 'The 2010-11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash was the sixth season of the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash , the official Twenty20 domestic cricket competition in Australia . Six teams representing six states in Australia participated in the competition . The competition began on 30 December 2010 . It was won by South Australia , who defeated New South Wales in the final . This season used a new format comprising 18 regular matches , a preliminary final and a final . This format had 3 additional regular matches to the 2009-10 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 January 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New South Wales Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_cricket_team', 'summary': "The New South Wales cricket team ( currently named NSW Blues ) are an Australian men 's professional first class cricket team based in Sydney , New South Wales . The team competes in the Australian first class cricket competition known as the Sheffield Shield and the limited overs Marsh One-Day Cup . The team previously played in the now defunct Twenty20 , Big Bash , which has since been replaced by the Big Bash League since the 2011-12 season . New South Wales were the inaugural winners of the Champions League Twenty20 . They are by far the most successful domestic cricket side in Australia having won the First-class competition 46 times . In addition , they have also won the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament cup 11 times . They occasionally play first-class matches against touring International sides . New South Wales have played teams representing nine of the twelve test playing nations . Besides its domestic successes , the state is also known for producing some of the finest Australian cricketers to have graced the game ."}]}, {'value': '2010-11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_KFC_Twenty20_Big_Bash', 'summary': 'The 2010-11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash was the sixth season of the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash , the official Twenty20 domestic cricket competition in Australia . Six teams representing six states in Australia participated in the competition . The competition began on 30 December 2010 . It was won by South Australia , who defeated New South Wales in the final . This season used a new format comprising 18 regular matches , a preliminary final and a final . This format had 3 additional regular matches to the 2009-10 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 February 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warriors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warriors_(cricket_team)', 'summary': "The Warriors is the name used by the combined Eastern Province and Border first class cricket teams in South Africa . Their home venues are St George 's Park , Port Elizabeth and Buffalo Park , East London . The combined team , previously known as the Chevrolet Warriors for sponsorship purposes , play in the Sunfoil Series first-class competition , the Momentum 1 Day Cup and the Ram Slam T20 Challenge limited over competitions . They were the 2009/2010 MTN Domestic Championship and Standard Bank Twenty20 winners , as well as runners-up to the Chennai Super Kings in the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 held in South Africa . Since the 2011/2012 season , they have been participating in the Momentum 1 Day Cup . They also currently participate in the Ram Slam T20 Challenge , and the Sunfoil Series , both of which came into inception in the 2012/2013 season . During the month of October each year , the side eschews their traditional black and electric green colours in favour of a bold pink playing kit to show their support of Breast Cancer Awareness as well as their fundraising efforts for Reach for Recovery ."}]}, {'value': '2010-11 Standard Bank Pro20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_Standard_Bank_Pro20', 'summary': 'The 2010-11 Standard Bank Pro20 was the eighth season of the Standard Bank Pro20 Series , established by the Cricket South Africa . The series was played between 28 January - 13 March 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 March 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cape Cobras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Cobras', 'summary': "The Cape Cobras are a franchise cricket team representing the Western Province , Boland , and South Western Districts areas in South African domestic cricket . The team 's home venues are Newlands Cricket Ground , Cape Town , Boland Park , Paarl , and the Recreation Ground , Oudtshoorn . The Cobras play in the 4-Day Franchise Series , Momentum One Day Cup and T20 Challenge competitions . They are one of the most successful domestic sides in the franchise era ."}]}, {'value': '2010-11 Standard Bank Pro20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_Standard_Bank_Pro20', 'summary': 'The 2010-11 Standard Bank Pro20 was the eighth season of the Standard Bank Pro20 Series , established by the Cricket South Africa . The series was played between 28 January - 13 March 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 March 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Challengers Bangalore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore', 'summary': "The Royal Challengers Bangalore ( often abbreviated as RCB ) are a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore , Karnataka , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . It was founded in 2008 by United Spirits and named after the company 's liquor brand Royal Challenge . Since its inception , the team has played its home matches at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium . The Royal Challengers have never won the IPL but finished runners-up on three occasions between 2009 and 2016 . Their lack of success over the years despite the presence of various notable players has earned them the tag of underachievers . The team holds the records of both the highest and the lowest totals in the IPL - 263/5 and 49 respectively ."}]}, {'value': '2011 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': "The 2011 Indian Premier League season , abbreviated as IPL 4 or the IPL 2011 , was the fourth season of the Indian Premier League , the top Twenty20 cricket league in India . The tournament was hosted in India and the opening and closing ceremonies were held in M. A. Chidambaram Stadium , Chennai , the home venue of the reigning champions Chennai Super Kings . The season ran from 8 April to 28 May 2011 . This season the number of teams in the league went from eight to ten with the additions of the Pune Warriors India and the Kochi Tuskers Kerala . The tournament was won by the Chennai Super Kings for the second successive season defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs in the final in Chennai , with the winning team 's Murali Vijay being named Man of the Match . With this win CSK became the only team to have won the IPL on more than one occasion . Despite Bangalore failing to win the title , one of the team 's players , Chris Gayle was named as the tournament 's best player . He scored 608 runs in twelve innings - the most in the tournament - as well as picking up eight wickets , having joined the team after the start of the season due to an injury to another overseas player , Dirk Nannes . Mumbai Indians ' Lasith Malinga set a new record for most wickets taken within an Indian Premier League season , claiming 28 wickets during the campaign , but Mumbai had to settle for third place in the tournament , having lost to Bangalore in the second qualifier . Chennai , Bangalore and Mumbai represented India in the Champions League 2011 tournament in September . The Fly Kingfisher Fair Play Award was again won by the Chennai Super Kings for topping the fair-play table ."}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai Super Kings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai_Super_Kings', 'summary': 'The Chennai Super Kings ( CSK ) are a franchise cricket team based in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , which plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai . The team served a two-year suspension from the IPL starting July 2015 for the alleged involvement of their owners in the 2013 IPL betting case , and won the title in its comeback season . The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni and coached by Stephen Fleming . The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice ( in 2010 , 2011 and 2018 ) , and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL ( 61.28 ) . They hold the records of most appearances in the playoffs ( ten ) and the Final ( eight ) of the IPL . They are the only IPL team to qualify for the playoff stage in each edition of their appearance in the league . In addition , they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014 . The brand value of the Super Kings in 2019 is estimated to be around ₹732 crore ( roughly $ 104 million ) , making them the second-most valuable IPL franchise , after Mumbai Indians .'}]}, {'value': '2011 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': "The 2011 Indian Premier League season , abbreviated as IPL 4 or the IPL 2011 , was the fourth season of the Indian Premier League , the top Twenty20 cricket league in India . The tournament was hosted in India and the opening and closing ceremonies were held in M. A. Chidambaram Stadium , Chennai , the home venue of the reigning champions Chennai Super Kings . The season ran from 8 April to 28 May 2011 . This season the number of teams in the league went from eight to ten with the additions of the Pune Warriors India and the Kochi Tuskers Kerala . The tournament was won by the Chennai Super Kings for the second successive season defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs in the final in Chennai , with the winning team 's Murali Vijay being named Man of the Match . With this win CSK became the only team to have won the IPL on more than one occasion . Despite Bangalore failing to win the title , one of the team 's players , Chris Gayle was named as the tournament 's best player . He scored 608 runs in twelve innings - the most in the tournament - as well as picking up eight wickets , having joined the team after the start of the season due to an injury to another overseas player , Dirk Nannes . Mumbai Indians ' Lasith Malinga set a new record for most wickets taken within an Indian Premier League season , claiming 28 wickets during the campaign , but Mumbai had to settle for third place in the tournament , having lost to Bangalore in the second qualifier . Chennai , Bangalore and Mumbai represented India in the Champions League 2011 tournament in September . The Fly Kingfisher Fair Play Award was again won by the Chennai Super Kings for topping the fair-play table ."}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': '2011 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': "The 2011 Indian Premier League season , abbreviated as IPL 4 or the IPL 2011 , was the fourth season of the Indian Premier League , the top Twenty20 cricket league in India . The tournament was hosted in India and the opening and closing ceremonies were held in M. A. Chidambaram Stadium , Chennai , the home venue of the reigning champions Chennai Super Kings . The season ran from 8 April to 28 May 2011 . This season the number of teams in the league went from eight to ten with the additions of the Pune Warriors India and the Kochi Tuskers Kerala . The tournament was won by the Chennai Super Kings for the second successive season defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs in the final in Chennai , with the winning team 's Murali Vijay being named Man of the Match . With this win CSK became the only team to have won the IPL on more than one occasion . Despite Bangalore failing to win the title , one of the team 's players , Chris Gayle was named as the tournament 's best player . He scored 608 runs in twelve innings - the most in the tournament - as well as picking up eight wickets , having joined the team after the start of the season due to an injury to another overseas player , Dirk Nannes . Mumbai Indians ' Lasith Malinga set a new record for most wickets taken within an Indian Premier League season , claiming 28 wickets during the campaign , but Mumbai had to settle for third place in the tournament , having lost to Bangalore in the second qualifier . Chennai , Bangalore and Mumbai represented India in the Champions League 2011 tournament in September . The Fly Kingfisher Fair Play Award was again won by the Chennai Super Kings for topping the fair-play table ."}]}, {'value': 'Third place', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Trinidad and Tobago cricket team , or officially the Trinidad and Tobago Red Force , is the representative cricket team of the country of Trinidad and Tobago . The Red Force takes part in inter-regional cricket competitions in the Caribbean , such as the West Indies ' Professional Cricket League ( which includes the Regional Four Day Competition and the NAGICO Regional Super50 ) under the franchise name Trinidad and Tobago Red Force , with the best players selected for the West Indies team , which plays international cricket ."}]}, {'value': 'Qualifying stage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pool B winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 September 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': 'Qualifying stage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pool A runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 September 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_County_Cricket_Club', 'summary': "Somerset County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales . It represents the historic county of Somerset . Founded in 1875 , Somerset was initially regarded as a minor county until official first-class status was gained in 1895 . Somerset has competed in the County Championship since 1891 and has subsequently played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England . The club 's limited overs team was formerly named the Somerset Sabres , but is now known only as Somerset . Somerset 's early history is complicated by arguments about its status . It is generally regarded as a minor county from its foundation in 1875 until 1890 , apart from the 1882 to 1885 seasons when it is considered by substantial sources to have been an unofficial first-class team , holding important match status . There are , however , two matches involving W. G. Grace in 1879 and 1881 which are considered first-class by some authorities . In 1891 , Somerset joined the County Championship , which had just become an officially recognised competition , and has important match status from 1891 to 1894 . The county is classified as an official first-class team from 1895 by Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) and the County Championship clubs ; classified as a List A team since the beginning of limited overs cricket in 1963 ; and classified as a senior Twenty20 team since 2003 . Somerset have never won the County Championship , their highest finish being second , which they achieved in 2001 , 2010 , 2012 , 2016 , 2018 and 2019 . The club won their first silverware in the late 1970s , winning both the Gillette Cup and John Player League in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': 'Qualifying stage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pool A winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 September 2011', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': 'The following tournaments were the qualifying tournaments : Domestic tournament Teams from Teams 2011 Indian Premier League India 3 ( top three teams ) 2010–11 Standard Bank Pro20 South Africa 2 ( winners and runners-up ) 2010–11 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash Australia 2 ( winners and runners-up ) The following teams qualified for the competition :', 'uid': '2011_Champions_League_Twenty20_1', 'intro': "The 2011 Champions League Twenty20 was the third edition of the Champions League Twenty20, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in India from 19 September to 9 October 2011. It was the first edition after Nokia replaced Bharti Airtel as the tournament's title sponsor. The defending champions were the Chennai Super Kings. The Mumbai Indians emerged the winners of the tournament, defeating the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the final. David Warner from the New South Wales Blues won the Golden Bat Award, while Ravi Rampaul was awarded the Golden Wicket Award and Lasith Malinga was declared the Player of the Tournament."}
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What position was the team who plays their home matches at Adelaide Oval ?
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Winners
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02ab4c83af278d88
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Anderson_County,_Tennessee', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Anderson County, Tennessee', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arnwine Cabin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Museum_of_Appalachia', 'summary': "The Museum of Appalachia , located in Norris , Tennessee , 20 miles ( 32 km ) north of Knoxville , is a living history museum that interprets the pioneer and early 20th-century period of the Southern Appalachian region of the United States . Recently named an Affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution , the museum is a collection of more than 30 historic buildings rescued from neglect and decay and gathered onto 63 acres ( 250,000 m2 ) of picturesque pastures and fields . The museum also preserves and displays thousands of authentic relics , maintains one of the nation 's largest folk art collections , and hosts performances of traditional Appalachian music and annual demonstrations by hundreds of regional craftsmen . The museum was established in the 1960s by John Rice Irwin , an East Tennessee educator and businessman , who has followed the basic philosophy of preserving not only structures and artifacts relevant to the region 's history , but also preserving each item 's individual history - who owned it , when and how it was created or obtained , and how it was used . These oral histories and recollections are housed , along with thousands of photographs , in the museum 's archives . Starting from a single log structure , the museum has grown over four decades to include buildings such as the National Register of Historic Places-listed Arnwine Cabin , a rare Appalachian cantilever barn , and a cabin once inhabited by the parents of author Mark Twain . Relics on display include items owned by several notable or colorful Appalachian natives and thousands of tools detailing all aspects of rural life in Southern Appalachia . The museum 's grounds mimic a working pioneer Appalachian farm , with gardens growing typical crops and animals such as goats , chickens , turkeys , and peacocks roaming the grounds freely . What better way is there to know a people , Irwin asked , than to study the everyday things they made , used , mended , and cherished . . . And cared for with loving hands ."}]}, {'value': 'March 16 , 1976 ( # 76001760 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 61 36°10′53″N 84°04′10″W / 36.181389°N 84.069444°W / 36.181389 ; -84.069444 ( Arnwine Cabin )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_61', 'summary': 'State Route 61 ( SR 61 ) is a west-to-east highway in the U.S. state of Tennessee that is 81.67-mile-long ( 131.44 km ) . State Route 61 begins in Roane County , and it ends in Grainger County .'}]}, {'value': 'Norris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Norris is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 1,491 at the 2010 census . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . Norris was built as a model planned community by the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) in 1933 to house workers building Norris Dam on the Clinch River . It is named in honor of Nebraska Senator George W. Norris , a long-term supporter of the TVA .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bear Creek Road Checking Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge_gatehouses', 'summary': 'The three Oak Ridge gatehouses , also known as checking stations , guard houses , or guard shacks , are security checkpoints in Oak Ridge , Tennessee , built c. 1948-1949 to control access to the Atomic Energy Commission ( AEC ) production and research facilities in Oak Ridge . These are individually listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as Bear Creek Road Checking Station , Bethel Valley Road Checking Station and Oak Ridge Turnpike Checking Station .'}]}, {'value': 'May 6 , 1992 ( # 92000411 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of S. Illinois Ave. and Bear Creek Rd . 35°59′57″N 84°14′35″W / 35.999167°N 84.243056°W / 35.999167 ; -84.243056 ( Bear Creek Road Checking Station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bethel Valley Road Checking Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge_gatehouses', 'summary': 'The three Oak Ridge gatehouses , also known as checking stations , guard houses , or guard shacks , are security checkpoints in Oak Ridge , Tennessee , built c. 1948-1949 to control access to the Atomic Energy Commission ( AEC ) production and research facilities in Oak Ridge . These are individually listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as Bear Creek Road Checking Station , Bethel Valley Road Checking Station and Oak Ridge Turnpike Checking Station .'}]}, {'value': 'May 6 , 1992 ( # 92000410 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Bethel Valley and Scarboro Rds . 35°59′13″N 84°13′02″W / 35.986944°N 84.217222°W / 35.986944 ; -84.217222 ( Bethel Valley Road Checking Station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luther Brannon House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luther_Brannon_House', 'summary': 'The Luther Brannon House is a stone bungalow structure at 151 Oak Ridge Turnpike in Oak Ridge , Tennessee , United States , where it is one of the few buildings remaining from before World War II . The house was built in 1941 by Owen Hackworth and just months later was acquired by the U.S. Army for the Manhattan Project . It was one of about 180 existing structures that were spared from demolition after the area was acquired for Manhattan Project production activities . The house is believed to have been used as headquarters for local project operations and living quarters for General Leslie Groves until the Army completed construction of new administration buildings . After the war , when most other remaining pre-war structures in Oak Ridge were torn down , the house was left standing . As of 1991 , it was one of only three pre-World War II houses remaining in Oak Ridge , the others being Freels Cabin and the J . B. Jones House . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to its association with General Groves and the early development of Oak Ridge . The house suffered significant damage from a fire in July 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1991 ( # 91001108 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '151 Oak Ridge Turnpike 36°02′40″N 84°12′34″W / 36.044444°N 84.209444°W / 36.044444 ; -84.209444 ( Luther Brannon House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Briceville Community Church and Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Briceville_Community_Church', 'summary': "The Briceville Community Church is a nondenominational church located in Briceville , Tennessee , United States . Built in 1887 , the church served as a center of social life and community affairs for the Coal Creek Valley during the valley 's coal mining boom period in the late-19th and early-20th centuries . In 2003 , the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its historical role and as an example of rural Gothic Revival architecture . Mining companies identified the coal resources of the Coal Creek Valley in the late 1860s , and by the 1880s a half-dozen mines were in operation throughout the valley . A railroad spur line was completed up the valley to Briceville in 1888 , the year after the completion of the Briceville Community Church . The church was used as a temporary jail for prisoners in the aftermath of the Coal Creek War , a labor uprising that began with the seizure of a convict stockade in Briceville in 1891 . In the following decade , the church hosted memorial services for the Fraterville Mine disaster of 1902 and the Cross Mountain Mine disaster of 1911 , and victims of both disasters are buried in the church 's cemetery . The church housed a Methodist congregation until 1995 , and today is still used for various community events ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24 , 2003 ( # 03000697 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 116 36°10′43″N 84°10′59″W / 36.178611°N 84.183056°W / 36.178611 ; -84.183056 ( Briceville Community Church and Cemetery )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_116', 'summary': 'State Route 116 ( SR 116 ) is a 41.97 miles ( 67.54 km ) long north-south state highway in the mountains of East Tennessee . The highway runs from its junction with SR 62 at its southern end between Wartburg and Coalfield in Morgan County , to its northern end at Caryville , Tennessee in Campbell County .'}]}, {'value': 'Briceville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Briceville,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Briceville is an unincorporated community in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . The community is named for railroad tycoon and one-term Democratic U.S . Senator Calvin S. Brice of Ohio , who was instrumental in bringing railroad service to the town . The Briceville zip code , 37710 , which also includes a large remote mountain area west of the community formerly served by the now-closed Devonia post office , had a population of 1,441 as of the 2000 U.S. Census . Briceville 's economy was historically based on coal mining . Briceville played an important role in three major late-19th and early-20th century incidents related to the region 's coal mining activities : the Coal Creek War in 1891 , the Fraterville Mine disaster of 1902 , and the Cross Mountain Mine disaster of 1911 ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Cross Mountain Miners ' Circle", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross_Mountain_Mine_disaster', 'summary': "The Cross Mountain Mine disaster was a coal mine explosion that occurred on December 9 , 1911 near the community of Briceville , Tennessee , in the southeastern United States . In spite of a well-organized rescue effort led by the newly created Bureau of Mines , 84 miners died as a result of the explosion . The likely cause of the explosion was the ignition of dust and gas released by a roof fall . At least 22 of the miners killed in the Cross Mountain Mine disaster were buried in a circular memorial known as the Cross Mountain Miners ' Circle , which is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'March 15 , 2006 ( # 06000134 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Circle Cemetery Ln . 36°10′26″N 84°11′11″W / 36.173889°N 84.186389°W / 36.173889 ; -84.186389 ( Cross Mountain Miners ' Circle )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Briceville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Briceville,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Briceville is an unincorporated community in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . The community is named for railroad tycoon and one-term Democratic U.S . Senator Calvin S. Brice of Ohio , who was instrumental in bringing railroad service to the town . The Briceville zip code , 37710 , which also includes a large remote mountain area west of the community formerly served by the now-closed Devonia post office , had a population of 1,441 as of the 2000 U.S. Census . Briceville 's economy was historically based on coal mining . Briceville played an important role in three major late-19th and early-20th century incidents related to the region 's coal mining activities : the Coal Creek War in 1891 , the Fraterville Mine disaster of 1902 , and the Cross Mountain Mine disaster of 1911 ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daugherty Furniture Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daugherty_Furniture_Building', 'summary': 'The Daugherty Furniture Building , also known as the J.R. Daugherty Company Building , is a former store located in Clinton , Tennessee . It sold furniture , appliances , hardware , flooring , and other household items , until its closure in 1985 . The building was designed by architect Clem H. Meyers , and was constructed between the years 1938 and 1942 . In 2010 , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'November 29 , 2010 ( # 10000936 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '307 N. Main St. 36°06′09″N 84°07′55″W / 36.1025°N 84.131944°W / 36.1025 ; -84.131944 ( Daugherty Furniture Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 9,841 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Anderson County . Clinton is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edwards-Fowler House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edwards-Fowler_House', 'summary': "The Edwards-Fowler House in Rocky Top , Tennessee was built between 1835 and 1838 on land given to Nicely Ross Edwards and husband Edward C. Edwards by Nicely 's father , James Ross . Ross gave the couple 300 acres ( 120 ha ) and several slaves , who provided labor to build the house , which has been called The Hemlocks after the two massive hemlock trees that grow in front of the house . The Edwards family owned the house from 1838 until about 1900 when the Fowler family , originally from Knoxville , Tennessee , bought the house . The house has remained structurally unchanged for over 175 years , making the Edwards Fowler house the oldest and only Federal-style house in Anderson County , Tennessee . The house was constructed of locally quarried limestone and bricks made on the site . Foundations of slave cabins exist behind the house . It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 29 , 1975 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 29 , 1975 ( # 75001726 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3½ miles south of Rocky Top on Dutch Valley Rd . 36°10′18″N 84°10′03″W / 36.171667°N 84.1675°W / 36.171667 ; -84.1675 ( Edwards-Fowler House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rocky Top', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rocky_Top,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Rocky Top ( formerly Coal Creek and Lake City ) is a city in Anderson and Campbell counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , northwest of Knoxville . The population was 1,781 at the 2010 census . Most of the community is in Anderson County and is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area . On June 26 , 2014 , the city officially changed its name from Lake City to Rocky Top , after a last-ditch effort by the copyright owners of the song Rocky Top was denied by a federal court .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Anderson on Militia Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coal_Creek_War', 'summary': "The Coal Creek War was an early 1890s armed labor uprising in the southeastern United States that took place primarily in Anderson County , Tennessee . This labor conflict ignited during 1891 when coal mine owners in the Coal Creek watershed began to remove and replace their company-employed , private coal miners then on the payroll with convict laborers leased out by the Tennessee state prison system . These former wage-earning Coal Creek coal miners repeatedly attacked and burned both state prison stockades and mine properties , all while releasing hundreds of the state convict laborers from their bondage to the mine companies . Many of these same Coal Creek coal miners were also wounded or killed in small-arms skirmishes during the Coal Creek War , along with dozens of Tennessee state militiamen . One historian describes the Coal Creek War as one of the most dramatic and significant episodes in all American labor history . The Coal Creek War was itself part of a greater labor struggle across Tennessee that was launched against the state government 's controversial convict-leasing system , which allowed the state prison system to lease convict labor to mining companies ( and other business enterprises ) with the effect of suppressing employee wages in the open market across the state . The outbreak of this labor conflict touched off a partisan media firestorm between the miners ' supporters and detractors and brought the issue of convict leasing to the public debate . Although the Coal Creek War essentially ended with the arrests of hundreds of former company coal miners during 1892 . The adverse exposure that this state conflict with private labor generated nationwide led to the downfall of Governor John P. Buchanan , and forced the Tennessee General Assembly to reconsider its state convict labor-leasing system . The Tennessee state government later refused to renew its convict labor-lease contracts with private businesses upon the arrival at the 1896 expiration dates , making Tennessee one of the first states within the southern United States to end this controversial practice ."}]}, {'value': 'November 21 , 2011 ( # 11000830 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vowell Mountain Rd . 36°12′56″N 84°10′32″W / 36.215633°N 84.175481°W / 36.215633 ; -84.175481 ( Fort Anderson on Militia Hill )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rocky Top', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rocky_Top,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Rocky Top ( formerly Coal Creek and Lake City ) is a city in Anderson and Campbell counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , northwest of Knoxville . The population was 1,781 at the 2010 census . Most of the community is in Anderson County and is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area . On June 26 , 2014 , the city officially changed its name from Lake City to Rocky Top , after a last-ditch effort by the copyright owners of the song Rocky Top was denied by a federal court .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Fraterville Miners ' Circle Cemetery", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fraterville_Mine_disaster', 'summary': "The Fraterville Mine disaster was a coal mine explosion that occurred on May 19 , 1902 near the community of Fraterville , in the U.S. state of Tennessee . 216 miners died as a result of the explosion , either from its initial blast or from the after-effects , making it the worst mining disaster in the state 's history . The cause of the explosion , although never fully determined , was likely ignition of methane gas which had built up after leaking from an adjacent unventilated mine . Shortly after the disaster , the bodies of 89 of the 216 miners killed in the explosion were buried in what became known as the Fraterville Miners ' Circle at Leach Cemetery in the nearby town of Coal Creek ( modern Rocky Top ) . In 2005 , this circle was placed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'January 5 , 2005 ( # 04001459 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Leach Cemetery Lane 36°12′39″N 84°08′25″W / 36.210833°N 84.140278°W / 36.210833 ; -84.140278 ( Fraterville Miners ' Circle Cemetery )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rocky Top', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rocky_Top,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Rocky Top ( formerly Coal Creek and Lake City ) is a city in Anderson and Campbell counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , northwest of Knoxville . The population was 1,781 at the 2010 census . Most of the community is in Anderson County and is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area . On June 26 , 2014 , the city officially changed its name from Lake City to Rocky Top , after a last-ditch effort by the copyright owners of the song Rocky Top was denied by a federal court .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freels Cabin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 6 , 1992 ( # 92000407 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freels Bend Rd . 35°57′48″N 84°13′25″W / 35.963333°N 84.223611°W / 35.963333 ; -84.223611 ( Freels Cabin )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J . B. Jones House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._B._Jones_House', 'summary': 'The J . B. Jones House in Oak Ridge , Tennessee , United States , is a farmhouse that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as one of the very small number of pre-Manhattan Project residences remaining in the city . The house is on Old Edgemoor Road near Haw Ridge Park , across the Clinch River from the TVA Bull Run Steam Plant . It is a rectangular frame bungalow structure of one-and-one-half stories , built around 1920 . It has a brick foundation , an asphalt-shingled roof , and weatherboard siding .'}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1991 ( # 19910905 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Edgemoor Road between Bethel Valley Road and Melton Hill Lake 36°00′33″N 84°10′09″W / 36.009167°N 84.169167°W / 36.009167 ; -84.169167 ( J . B. Jones House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Green McAdoo School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_McAdoo_School', 'summary': "The Green McAdoo School in Clinton , Tennessee , was the community 's segregated elementary school for African American children until 1965 . The school was completed in 1935 , and designed by architect Frank O. Barber of Knoxville . It is now a museum and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Green McAdoo School deteriorated after its closure , but was reopened as a museum and cultural center in 2006 . Federal grants and local government funding helped to pay for renovations to the building . A set of life-size bronze statues of the Clinton 12 , the 12 African American students who attended Clinton High School in the fall of 1956 when the high school was desegregated under court order , is displayed outside the school 's front entrance . In 2018 , the Green McAdoo Cultural Center became a part of the Tennessee State Museum system ."}]}, {'value': 'November 8 , 2005 ( # 05001218 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 School St. 36°06′16″N 84°08′24″W / 36.104444°N 84.14°W / 36.104444 ; -84.14 ( Green McAdoo School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 9,841 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Anderson County . Clinton is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norris Dam State Park Rustic Cabins Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris_Dam_State_Park', 'summary': "Norris Dam State Park is a state park in Anderson County and Campbell County , Tennessee , in the southeastern United States . The park is situated along the shores of Norris Lake , an impoundment of the Clinch River created by the completion of Norris Dam in 1936 . The park consists of 4,038 acres ( 16.34 km2 ) managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation . The park also administers the Lenoir Museum Complex , which interprets the area 's aboriginal , pioneer , and early 20th-century history . Norris Dam was the pilot project of the Tennessee Valley Authority , a Great Depression-era entity created by the United States government in 1933 to control flooding and bring electricity and economic development to the Tennessee Valley . The construction and administration of the dam and reservoir would serve as a model for over two dozen other TVA dams built throughout the Tennessee Valley in subsequent decades . Along with Norris Dam State Park , there are several protected entities along Norris Lake 's shores , including Big Ridge State Park , Chuck Swan State Forest , Cove Creek Wildlife Management Area , and River Bluff Small Wild Area . Norris Dam State Park was named for Nebraska senator George William Norris ( 1861-1944 ) , who lobbied intensively for the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the early 1930s ."}]}, {'value': 'July 25 , 2014 ( # 14000446 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '125 Village Green Circle 36°13′32″N 84°05′10″W / 36.2256°N 84.0860°W / 36.2256 ; -84.0860 ( Norris Dam State Park Rustic Cabins Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rocky Top', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rocky_Top,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Rocky Top ( formerly Coal Creek and Lake City ) is a city in Anderson and Campbell counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , northwest of Knoxville . The population was 1,781 at the 2010 census . Most of the community is in Anderson County and is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area . On June 26 , 2014 , the city officially changed its name from Lake City to Rocky Top , after a last-ditch effort by the copyright owners of the song Rocky Top was denied by a federal court .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norris District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Norris is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 1,491 at the 2010 census . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . Norris was built as a model planned community by the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) in 1933 to house workers building Norris Dam on the Clinch River . It is named in honor of Nebraska Senator George W. Norris , a long-term supporter of the TVA .'}]}, {'value': 'July 10 , 1975 ( # 75001727 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City of Norris on U.S. Route 441 36°11′47″N 84°04′08″W / 36.196389°N 84.068889°W / 36.196389 ; -84.068889 ( Norris District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_441', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 441 ( US 441 ) is a 939-mile-long ( 1,511 km ) auxiliary route of U.S. Route 41 . It extends from US 41 in Miami , Florida to US 25W in Rocky Top , Tennessee . Between its termini , US 441 travels through the states of Florida , Georgia , North Carolina , and Tennessee . The highway acts as a connector between several major urban areas , including Miami , Orlando , Ocala , Gainesville , Athens , and Knoxville . It also crosses the Great Smoky Mountains National Park , where it meets the southwestern end of the Blue Ridge Parkway , and where no trucks or other commercial traffic are allowed .'}]}, {'value': 'Norris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Norris is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 1,491 at the 2010 census . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . Norris was built as a model planned community by the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) in 1933 to house workers building Norris Dam on the Clinch River . It is named in honor of Nebraska Senator George W. Norris , a long-term supporter of the TVA .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norris Hydroelectric Project', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris_Dam', 'summary': 'Norris Dam is a hydroelectric and flood control structure located on the Clinch River in Anderson County and Campbell County , Tennessee , United States . Its construction in the mid-1930s was the first major project for the Tennessee Valley Authority , which had been created in 1933 to bring economic development to the region and control the rampant flooding that had long plagued the Tennessee Valley . The dam was named in honor of Nebraska Senator George Norris ( 1861-1944 ) , a longtime supporter of government-owned power in general , and supporter of TVA in particular . The project infrastructure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016 . Norris Dam is a straight concrete gravity-type dam . The dam is 1860 feet ( 570 m ) long and 265 feet ( 81 m ) high . Norris Lake , the largest reservoir on a tributary of the Tennessee River , has 33,840 acres ( 137 km² ) of water surface and 809 miles ( 1302 km ) of shoreline . The dam has a maximum generating capacity of 132,000 kilowatts .'}]}, {'value': 'April 12 , 2016 ( # 16000165 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '300 Powerhouse Way 36°13′27″N 84°05′32″W / 36.224167°N 84.092222°W / 36.224167 ; -84.092222 ( Norris Hydroelectric Project )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norris,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Norris is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 1,491 at the 2010 census . It is included in the Knoxville , Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area . Norris was built as a model planned community by the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) in 1933 to house workers building Norris Dam on the Clinch River . It is named in honor of Nebraska Senator George W. Norris , a long-term supporter of the TVA .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge_Historic_District', 'summary': "Oak Ridge Historic District ( also known as Clinton Engineer Works Townsite ) is a historic district in Oak Ridge , Tennessee , that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Roughly bounded by East Drive , Outer and West Outer Drives , Louisiana Avenue , and Tennessee Avenue , the district comprises much of Oak Ridge 's original Manhattan Project townsite , laid out by Skidmore , Owings and Merrill . Contributing properties in the historic district include United Church , The Chapel on the Hill , the Alexander Inn , and Highland View Elementary School , which houses the Children 's Museum of Oak Ridge . The district was added to the National Register in 1991 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1991 ( # 91001109 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by East Drive , West Outer Drive , Louisiana Avenue , and Tennessee Avenue 36°01′41″N 84°15′10″W / 36.028056°N 84.252778°W / 36.028056 ; -84.252778 ( Oak Ridge Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oliver Springs Banking Company', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 14 , 1992 ( # 92000357 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '110 E. Tri County Boulevard 36°02′43″N 84°20′23″W / 36.045278°N 84.339722°W / 36.045278 ; -84.339722 ( Oliver Springs Banking Company )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oliver Springs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oliver_Springs,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Oliver Springs is a town in Anderson , Morgan , and Roane counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee . Its population was 3,231 at the 2010 census . It is included in the Harriman , Tennessee Micropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Roane County . Oliver Springs is also the hometown of American Idol contestant Janelle Arthur and 2010 Tony Award winner Levi Kreis .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ritz Theatre and Hoskins Rexall Drug Store No . 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 4 , 1998 ( # 98001446 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '111-121 N. Main St. 36°06′00″N 84°07′59″W / 36.1°N 84.133056°W / 36.1 ; -84.133056 ( Ritz Theatre and Hoskins Rexall Drug Store No . 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Anderson County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 9,841 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Anderson County . Clinton is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Woodland-Scarboro Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1991 ( # 91001106 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by Rutgers Avenue , Lafayette Drive , Benedict Avenue , Wilberforce Avenue , and Illinois Avenue 36°00′16″N 84°15′06″W / 36.004444°N 84.251667°W / 36.004444 ; -84.251667 ( Woodland-Scarboro Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Ridge,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Knoxville . Oak Ridge 's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area . Oak Ridge 's nicknames include the Atomic City , the Secret City , the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence . Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project - the massive American , British , and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb . As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex , scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city 's economy and culture in general ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Anderson_County,_Tennessee_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Anderson County, Tennessee. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Anderson County, Tennessee, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 20 properties and districts in the county that are listed on the National Register. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Roane County, Tennessee for additional properties in Oak Ridge and Oliver Springs, cities that span the county line.'}
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What is the historic place whose city or town 's ZIP code is 37710 ?
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Briceville Community Church and Cemetery
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02ac59c175d258d7
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Puerto_Rico', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Puerto Rico', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'Barrio', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Acueducto Alfonso XII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Acueducto_Alfonso_XII', 'summary': 'The Acueducto de Ponce ( Ponce Aqueduct ) , formally Acueducto Alfonso XII , is the name of a historic gravity-based water supply system in the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico . It was designed in 1875 by Timoteo Luberza and built the following years . This aqueduct was the first modern water distribution system built in Puerto Rico .'}]}, {'value': 'December 30 , 2019 ( # 100004854 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calle del Acueducto 18°01′17″N 66°36′51″W / 18.021358°N 66.614251°W / 18.021358 ; -66.614251 ( Acueducto Alfonso XII )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugués Urbano and Sexto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugués_Urbano', 'summary': "Portugués Urbano is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Canas Urbano , Machuelo Abajo , Magueyes Urbano , and San Antón , Portugués Urbano is one of the municipality 's five originally rural barrios that are now also part of the urban zone of the city of Ponce . It was founded in 1953 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barrio_Sexto', 'summary': "Sexto ( Barrio Sexto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Cuarto , and Quinto , Sexto is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . Barrio Sexto used to be called Barrio Cantera . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ruins of 1875 Aqueduct', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albergue Caritativo Tricoche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albergue_Caritativo_Tricoche', 'summary': "Albergue Caritativo Tricoche or Hospital Tricoche ( English : Tricoche Charitable Shelter or Tricoche Hospital ) is a historic building located on Calle Tricoche street in Ponce , Puerto Rico , in the city 's historic district . It was designed by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers . The architecture consists of 19th-century civil architecture . When built in 1878 , it held the top spot among public building in Puerto Rico , based on its size and beauty . The hospital was named after Valentin Tricoche , a 19th-century philanthropist and land owner in Ponce with lands on the western bank of Rio Bucana which included lands with a stone mine . Valentin Tricoche left moneys in his will for the construction of the hospital . Construction started on 30 May 1873 , it was delivered to the Municipal government by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers in September 1876 , and opened to the public on 11 December 1878 . The structure was built articulated in the Classical revival style . By 1885 , the hospital was expanded with an annex which was named Hospital Civil de Ponce , to differentiate it from the original hospital built with funds from Valentin Tricoche . The historic structure was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on 14 May 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 1987 ( # 87000769 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tricoche Street 18°01′00″N 66°36′55″W / 18.016785°N 66.615193°W / 18.016785 ; -66.615193 ( Albergue Caritativo Tricoche )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Segundo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Segundo_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Segundo ( Barrio Segundo ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Segundo is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 . Barrio Segundo has 3 subbarrios : Baldority de Castro ( or just Baldorioty ) , Clausells , [ a ] and Reparada ."}]}, {'value': 'Hospital in Neoclásico Isabelino style from 1885', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclásico_Isabelino', 'summary': 'Neoclasico Isabelino is an architectural style that applies to a number of houses and other buildings in Puerto Rico . These include a number in Ponce , Puerto Rico that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places :'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antiguo Cuartel Militar Español de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antiguo_Cuartel_Militar_Español_de_Ponce', 'summary': "The Antiguo Cuartel Militar Español de Ponce or El Castillo ( English : Old Spanish Military Headquarters in Ponce or The Castle ) is the only structure directly related to the events of the land defense of Puerto Rico during the 1898 American invasion of the Island . The historic building dates from 1894 [ a ] and is located on Calle Castillo in Ponce , Puerto Rico , in the city 's historic district . The structure was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on 14 May 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 1987 ( # 87000772 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'End of Castillo Street 18°00′55″N 66°36′30″W / 18.015201°N 66.608439°W / 18.015201 ; -66.608439 ( Antiguo Cuartel Militar Español de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quinto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quinto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Quinto ( Barrio Quinto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Cuarto , and Sexto , Quinto is one the municipality 's six original urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spanish military headquarters in Ponce , in Neoclásico Isabelino style , from 1894', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclásico_Isabelino', 'summary': 'Neoclasico Isabelino is an architectural style that applies to a number of houses and other buildings in Puerto Rico . These include a number in Ponce , Puerto Rico that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places :'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antiguo Hospital Militar Español de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antiguo_Hospital_Militar_Español_de_Ponce', 'summary': "The Antiguo Hospital Militar Español de Ponce ( English : Old Spanish Military Hospital in Ponce ) is a historic building in Ponce , Puerto Rico , in the city 's historic district . The building dates from 1896 or 1897 . It was designed by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers . The architecture consists of 19th Neoclassical architecture style . The building is of architectural significance since it is the only one-story building of this style remaining in the city of Ponce and one of the best examples on the Island . Completed in 1897 , the year before the Spanish-American War of 1898 , this building was the last major construction undergone by the Spanish Government in the Americas ."}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 1987 ( # 87000770 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'León , Atocha , and Bondad Streets 18°01′08″N 66°36′52″W / 18.019026°N 66.614432°W / 18.019026 ; -66.614432 ( Antiguo Hospital Militar Español de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sexto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sexto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Sexto ( Barrio Sexto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Cuarto , and Quinto , Sexto is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . Barrio Sexto used to be called Barrio Cantera . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Neoclásico Isabelino style , from 1897', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclásico_Isabelino', 'summary': 'Neoclasico Isabelino is an architectural style that applies to a number of houses and other buildings in Puerto Rico . These include a number in Ponce , Puerto Rico that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places :'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armstrong-Toro House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armstrong-Toro_House', 'summary': 'Residencia Armstrong-Poventud ( Armstrong-Poventud Residence ) is a historic building located in the Ponce Historic Zone in Ponce , Puerto Rico , across from the Catedral Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe . The construction of this home set the stage for the construction of other homes of similar architectural elements , character and opulence in turn-of-the-twentieth-century Ponce . :3 The architectural style is collectively known as Ponce Creole . The home was designed and built by Manuel Víctor Domenech for the Armstrong-Poventud family . It is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Armstrong-Toro House , and is also known as the Casa de las Cariatides . In 1991 , the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña turned the house into a museum , which it manages .'}]}, {'value': 'October 29 , 1987 ( # 87001821 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 Unión Street 18°00′42″N 66°36′53″W / 18.011728°N 66.614622°W / 18.011728 ; -66.614622 ( Armstrong-Toro House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Segundo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Segundo_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Segundo ( Barrio Segundo ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Segundo is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 . Barrio Segundo has 3 subbarrios : Baldority de Castro ( or just Baldorioty ) , Clausells , [ a ] and Reparada ."}]}, {'value': 'Neoclassical designed by Manuel Domenech and built in 1899', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Manuel_V._Domenech', 'summary': 'Manuel V. Domenech Ferrer ( 23 March 1869 - 15 March 1942 ) was a Puerto Rican politician and engineer . He was mayor of Ponce in 1904 , and designer of Casa Armstrong-Poventud , Rosaly-Batiz House , and the 1898 Casas Gemelas ( Twin Houses ) built for Luis Casals , among others prominent structures .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banco_Crédito_y_Ahorro_Ponceño_(building)', 'summary': 'The Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño building ( or Banco Crédito , for short ) , a historic building in Ponce , Puerto Rico , was the first and main office of the historic Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño ( English : Ponce Credit and Savings Bank ) , and represents one of the last examples of the once popular turn-of-the-century eclectic architecture . The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 25 , 1987 . It was built in 1924 . The building was owned by Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño which was one of the largest banking companies in the country of Puerto Rico during most of the twentieth century .'}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1987 ( # 87001002 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Marina and Amor Streets 18°00′41″N 66°36′48″W / 18.011314°N 66.613333°W / 18.011314 ; -66.613333 ( Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tercero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tercero_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Tercero ( Barrio Tercero ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Tercero is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Beaux Arts design by Francisco Porrata Doria , from 1924', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beaux_arts_architecture', 'summary': 'Beaux-Arts architecture ( /ˌboʊˈzɑːr/ ; French : [ bozaʁ ] ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century . It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism , but also incorporated Gothic and Renaissance elements , and used modern materials , such as iron and glass . It was an important style in France until the end of the 19th century . It also had a strong influence on architecture in the United States , because of the many prominent American architects who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts , including Henry Hobson Richardson , John Galen Howard , Daniel Burnham , and Louis Sullivan . :76'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francisco_Porrata_Doria', 'summary': 'Francisco Luis Porrata-Doría ( 4 May 1890 - 2 September 1971 ) was a Puerto Rican architect from Ponce , Puerto Rico . Porrata-Doría was a pioneer in the development of the local modern architecture and one of the architects responsible for what has been called Ponce Monumental Architecture , of which the Banco Crédito is a good example .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banco de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banco_de_Ponce_(building)', 'summary': "The Banco de Ponce building , a historic building in Ponce , Puerto Rico , was the first and main office of Banco de Ponce until the company merged with Banco Popular in 1990 . Though its headquarters had moved to a presumptuous building in Hato Rey 's Milla de Oro by then , Banco de Ponce continued to consider this building its main office , until the company merged with Banco Popular in 1990 . The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 25 , 1987 . It was built in 1924 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1987 ( # 87001003 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Amor and Comercio Streets 18°00′40″N 66°36′48″W / 18.011111°N 66.613271°W / 18.011111 ; -66.613271 ( Banco de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tercero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tercero_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Tercero ( Barrio Tercero ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Tercero is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Beaux Arts design by Francisco Porrata Doria , also from 1924', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beaux_arts_architecture', 'summary': 'Beaux-Arts architecture ( /ˌboʊˈzɑːr/ ; French : [ bozaʁ ] ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century . It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism , but also incorporated Gothic and Renaissance elements , and used modern materials , such as iron and glass . It was an important style in France until the end of the 19th century . It also had a strong influence on architecture in the United States , because of the many prominent American architects who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts , including Henry Hobson Richardson , John Galen Howard , Daniel Burnham , and Louis Sullivan . :76'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francisco_Porrata_Doria', 'summary': 'Francisco Luis Porrata-Doría ( 4 May 1890 - 2 September 1971 ) was a Puerto Rican architect from Ponce , Puerto Rico . Porrata-Doría was a pioneer in the development of the local modern architecture and one of the architects responsible for what has been called Ponce Monumental Architecture , of which the Banco Crédito is a good example .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casa Alcaldía de Ponce - City Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casa_Alcaldía_de_Ponce_–_City_Hall', 'summary': 'The Ponce City Hall ( Spanish : Casa Alcaldía de Ponce ) is a historic city hall in Ponce , Puerto Rico . It is located it the center of the city , on Calle Degetau , across from Plaza Degetau in the Ponce Historic Zone . The building serves as the seat of the executive branch of government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce , including the office of the Mayor of Ponce . Built in 1840 , it is the oldest colonial building in the city . The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1986 as Casa Alcaldía de Ponce-City Hall .'}]}, {'value': 'November 19 , 1986 ( # 86003197 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South side of Plaza Las Delicias 18°00′39″N 66°36′50″W / 18.010730°N 66.613905°W / 18.010730 ; -66.613905 ( Casa Alcaldía de Ponce - City Hall )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaza_Las_Delicias', 'summary': 'Plaza Las Delicias is the main plaza in the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico . The square is notable for its fountains and for the various monuments it contains . The historic Parque de Bombas and Ponce Cathedral buildings are located within the plaza , which actually consists of two squares : Plaza Muñoz Rivera on the north end , and Plaza Degetau on the southern end . The square is the center of the Ponce Historic Zone , and it is flanked by the historic Ponce City Hall to the south , the early 19th-century Teatro Fox Delicias to the north , the NRHP-listed Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño and Banco de Ponce buildings to the east , and the Armstrong-Poventud Residence to the west . The square dates back to the early Spanish settlement in Ponce of 1670 . It is the main tourist attraction of the city , receiving about a quarter of a million visitors per year .'}]}, {'value': 'Primero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Primero_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Primero ( Barrio Primero ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Segundo , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Primero is one the municipality 's original six core urban barrios . It was founded in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Neoclásico Isabelino -style City Hall , from 1846', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclásico_Isabelino', 'summary': 'Neoclasico Isabelino is an architectural style that applies to a number of houses and other buildings in Puerto Rico . These include a number in Ponce , Puerto Rico that are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places :'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casa de la Masacre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casa_de_la_Masacre', 'summary': 'The Museo de la Masacre de Ponce ( the Ponce Massacre Museum ) is a human rights museum and historic building in Ponce , Puerto Rico . It depicts the history and events surrounding the Ponce Massacre , which occurred in broad daylight on Palm Sunday in 1937 . The museum is housed inside the building where the event itself occurred , with one of its sections devoted to the Nationalist leader , Pedro Albizu Campos . It also documents the blacklisting of Puerto Rican Nationalists performed by the United States , as well as hosting a considerable number of photos from the Nationalist era . The museum is listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in as Casa de la Masacre ( the Massacre House ) .'}]}, {'value': 'October 20 , 2005 ( # 05001098 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 Marina Street 18°00′34″N 66°36′49″W / 18.009318°N 66.613537°W / 18.009318 ; -66.613537 ( Casa de la Masacre )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cuarto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuarto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Cuarto ( Barrio Cuarto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Quinto , and Sexto , Cuarto is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was created in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'As the Ponce headquarters of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party during the 1930s , this house bore witness to the massacre of March 21 , 1937 , in which 19 demonstrators and bystanders and 2 police officers were killed . It is architecturally significant as an outstanding example of vernacular creole design by Blas Silva from the first decade of the 20th century . It became a museum in 1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party', 'summary': "The Puerto Rico Nationalist Party ( Spanish : Partido Nacionalista de Puerto Rico , PNPR ) is a Puerto Rican political party which was founded on September 17 , 1922 , in San Juan , Puerto Rico . Its primary goal was to work for Puerto Rico 's independence . The Party 's selection in 1930 of Pedro Albizu Campos as its president brought a radical change to the organization and its tactics . In the 1930s , intimidation , repression and persecution of Party members by the government , then headed by a U.S. president-appointed governor , led to the assassination of two government officials , the attempted assassination of a federal judge in Puerto Rico , and the Rio Piedras and Ponce massacres . Under the leadership of Albizu Campos , the party abandoned the electoral process in favor of direct armed conflict as means to gain independence from the United States . By the late 1940s , a more US-friendly party , the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico , had gained an overwhelming number of seats in the legislature and , in 1948 , it passed Puerto Rico 's Gag Law , which attempted to suppress the Nationalist Party and similar opposition . The Puerto Rican police arrested many Nationalist Party members under this law , some of whom were sentenced to lengthy prison terms . With a new political status pending for Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth , Albizu Campos ordered armed uprisings in several Puerto Rican towns to occur on October 30 , 1950 . In an related effort , two Nationalists also attempted to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman on November 1 , 1950 , in an effort to call international attention to issues related to Puerto Rico 's political status , but the attempt failed . The last major armed event by the Nationalists occurred in 1954 at the US House of Representatives when four party members shot and wounded five Congressmen . After Albizu Campos 's death in 1965 , the party dissolved into factions and members joined other parties , but some continue to follow the party 's ideals in one form or another , often informally or ad hoc , to this day ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ponce_massacre', 'summary': "The Ponce massacre was an event that took place on Palm Sunday , 21 March 1937 , in Ponce , Puerto Rico , when a peaceful civilian march turned into a police shooting in which 19 civilians and two policemen were killed , and more than 200 civilians wounded . Most of the dead were reportedly shot in their backs . The march had been organized by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party to commemorate the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico by the governing Spanish National Assembly in 1873 , and to protest the U.S. government 's imprisonment of the Party 's leader , Pedro Albizu Campos , on sedition charges . An investigation led by the United States Commission on Civil Rights put the blame for the massacre squarely on the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico , Blanton Winship . Further criticism by members of the U.S. Congress led President Franklin D. Roosevelt to remove Winship in 1939 as governor . Governor Winship was never prosecuted for the massacre and no one under his chain of command - including the police who took part in the event , and admitted to the mass shooting - was ever prosecuted or reprimanded . The Ponce massacre remains the largest massacre in post-Spanish imperial history in Puerto Rico . It has been the source of many articles , books , paintings , films , and theatrical works ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ponce_Creole', 'summary': "Ponce Creole is an architectural style created in Ponce , Puerto Rico , in the late 19th and early 20th century . This style of Puerto Rican buildings is found predominantly in residential homes in Ponce that developed between 1895 and 1920 . Ponce Creole architecture borrows heavily from the traditions of the French , the Spaniards , and the Caribbean to create houses that were especially built to withstand the hot and dry climate of the region , and to take advantage of the sun and sea breezes characteristic of the southern Puerto Rico 's Caribbean Sea coast . It is a blend of wood and masonry , incorporating architectural elements of other styles , from Classical revival and Spanish Revival to Victorian ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Blas_Silva', 'summary': 'Blas C. Silva Boucher was a twentieth-century Puerto Rican engineer from Ponce , Puerto Rico . He is credited with the creation of the Ponce Creole architectural style , even though he was trained as an engineer , not a designer .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casa Miguel C. Godreau', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 30 , 1986 ( # 86000894 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '146 Reina Street 18°00′43″N 66°37′08″W / 18.012054°N 66.618850°W / 18.012054 ; -66.618850 ( Casa Miguel C. Godreau )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Segundo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Segundo_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Segundo ( Barrio Segundo ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Segundo is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 . Barrio Segundo has 3 subbarrios : Baldority de Castro ( or just Baldorioty ) , Clausells , [ a ] and Reparada ."}]}, {'value': 'House from 1919 , designed by Julio Conesa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casa Paoli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casa_Paoli', 'summary': 'Casa Paoli ( English : Paoli House ) is a historic house and biographical museum in barrio Cuarto , Ponce , Puerto Rico , in the Ponce Historic Zone . The house is significant as the birthplace of Antonio Paoli ( 1871-1946 ) , a tenor who was the first Puerto Rican to reach international recognition in the performing arts and one of the most outstanding opera singers of all times . The house was the childhood home of the artist and he was introduced to art and opera at this house during his formative years . In 1987 , the house was turned into a museum to honor the career of Antonio Paoli . The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 1 , 2009 ( # 09000769 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Mayor Street 18°00′36″N 66°36′46″W / 18.009928°N 66.612659°W / 18.009928 ; -66.612659 ( Casa Paoli )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cuarto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuarto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Cuarto ( Barrio Cuarto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Quinto , and Sexto , Cuarto is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was created in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': "This house was the birthplace and childhood home of great operatic tenor Antonio Paoli ( 1871-1946 ) until 1883 . It was in Ponce 's rich cultural environment that Paoli was first exposed to the arts , and this house is the only property remaining in Puerto Rico associated with the island 's first performing artist of international renown", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Opera', 'summary': "Opera is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers , but is distinct from musical theater . Such a work ( the literal translation of Italian word opera ) is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts , such as acting , scenery , costume , and sometimes dance or ballet . The performance is typically given in an opera house , accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble , which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor . Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition . Originally understood as an entirely sung piece , in contrast to a play with songs , opera has come to include numerous genres , including some that include spoken dialogue such as musical theater , Singspiel and Opéra comique . In traditional number opera , singers employ two styles of singing : recitative , a speech-inflected style , and self-contained arias . The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama . Opera originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century ( with Jacopo Peri 's mostly lost Dafne , produced in Florence in 1598 ) and soon spread through the rest of Europe : Heinrich Schütz in Germany , Jean-Baptiste Lully in France , and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century . In the 18th century , Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe ( except France ) , attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel . Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera , until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his reform operas in the 1760s . The most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas , especially The Marriage of Figaro ( Le nozze di Figaro ) , Don Giovanni , and Così fan tutte , as well as Die Entführung aus dem Serail ( The Abduction from the Seraglio ) , and The Magic Flute ( Die Zauberflöte ) , landmarks in the German tradition . The first third of the 19th century saw the high point of the bel canto style , with Gioachino Rossini , Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini all creating works that are still performed ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tenor', 'summary': "A tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types . It is one of the highest of the male voice types . The tenor 's vocal range extends up to C5 . The low extreme for tenors is roughly A♭2 ( two A♭s below middle C ) . At the highest extreme , some tenors can sing up to the second F above middle C ( F5 ) . [ page needed ] The tenor voice type is generally divided into the leggero tenor , lyric tenor , spinto tenor , dramatic tenor , heldentenor , and tenor buffo or spieltenor ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Paoli', 'summary': 'Antonio Paoli ( 14 April 1871 - 24 August 1946 ) was a Puerto Rican tenor . At the height of his fame , he was known as The King of Tenors and The Tenor of Kings . He is considered to be the first Puerto Rican to reach international fame in the musical arts . Paoli has been recognized as one of the most outstanding opera singers of all time , and as one who had one of the most lyric and powerful voices.superior even to his contemporary rival , Enrico Caruso . After spending his childhood in his birth city of Ponce , Paoli moved to Spain where , with the assistance of his well-connected sister Amalia , he obtained a Royal scholarship to take singing lessons in Italy . After singing to standing ovation crowds in both Spain and Italy , Paoli made his grand debut in Paris , France , where he was encouraged to perform on the highest levels of the world stage . Before the end of the 19th century and while Paoli was still in his twenties , he went on a tour of Europe that earned him both popular acclaim , and imperial honors from princes , kings , and emperors . Between 1900 and 1914 his career skyrocketed , with performances not only in Europe but also in the Americas , the Caribbean , Africa , and Asia . He performed in Moscow , Paris , London , Madrid , New York , Buenos Aires , Havana , Santiago , Milan , Rome , Naples , Barcelona , and Vienna . When World War I forced the closure of all European opera houses , Paoli made his living as a professional boxer . Unfortunately , he also lost his singing voice during this period . After the War ended , following medical advice and performing vocal exercises , Paoli regained his voice and returned to the international stage , in all the glory of days past .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casa Vives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casa_Vives', 'summary': 'Casa Vives ( Vives House ) is a historic building located in the Ponce Historic Zone in Ponce , Puerto Rico , across from the Plaza de Mercado de Ponce . The home was designed by Juan Bertoli Calderoni for Carlos Vives , a prominent local merchant and owner of Hacienda Buena Vista , and built by Carlos Milan . The home was built in 1860 , in the neoclassical style , making it one of the first brick and mortar homes built in the city . It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on 13 February 2013 . Architecturally , Casa Vives retains all seven aspects of integrity : location , design , setting , materials , workmanship , feeling and association .'}]}, {'value': 'February 13 , 2013 ( # 13000013 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88 Paseo Atocha at Vives/Castillo Street 18°00′51″N 66°36′49″W / 18.014097°N 66.613524°W / 18.014097 ; -66.613524 ( Casa Vives )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paseo_Atocha', 'summary': 'Paseo Atocha is a pedestrian shopping mall in the Ponce Historic Zone , a historic district in Ponce , Puerto Rico . For over a century the narrow Calle Atocha was bustling retail center opened to vehicular traffic , yet flooded with shoppers . Congestion and pedestrian safety led the Municipal Government to close the two blocks of Calle Atocha from Calle Isabel to Calle Vives to motor vehicles in 1991 . Several years later , the closure was expanded to include the block from Calle Vives to Calle Victoria . This last segment coincides with the western perimeter of the historic Plaza de Mercado Isabel II city market . Not the bustling commercial spot it once was , today it is still actively frequented by shoppers , though in much reduced numbers . It is visited annually by thousands of locals and tourists alike and is considered one of the citys main places of interest .'}]}, {'value': 'Quinto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quinto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Quinto ( Barrio Quinto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Cuarto , and Sexto , Quinto is one the municipality 's six original urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casino de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casino_de_Ponce', 'summary': "The Antiguo Casino de Ponce ( English : Old Ponce Casino ) , or simply the Casino de Ponce , is a historic structure , built in 1922 and located in Barrio Cuarto , Ponce , Puerto Rico . Originally built as a social club for Ponce 's elite , it is currently used as the premier reception center of The Noble City of Puerto Rico . The building , designed by Agustin Camilo Gonzalez in the Second Empire and Neo-Rococo styles , has a French facade and tones . It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 28 October 1987 . It is located at the corner of Marina and Luna streets . The building has been called an icon of Ponce 's architecture , history , and identity . It is owned and administered by the Ponce Municipal Government . In 1936 , during the Great Depression , the Casino declared bankruptcy and shut down . It subsequently had various uses : a postal office , a public health unit , tax collector 's office , and even a temporary city hall . In 1990 it was restored by the Ponce Municipal Government , and has since been used for high-ranking official municipal business . For example , it was here where the dinner to honor Prince of Asturias , His Majesty Felipe de Borbon , took place ."}]}, {'value': 'October 28 , 1987 ( # 87001818 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Marina and Luna Streets 18°00′36″N 66°36′48″W / 18.010082°N 66.613368°W / 18.010082 ; -66.613368 ( Casino de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cuarto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuarto_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Cuarto ( Barrio Cuarto ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Primero , Segundo , Tercero , Quinto , and Sexto , Cuarto is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was created in 1878 ."}]}, {'value': 'Second Empire - and Neo-Rococo -style building from 1922 , designed by Agustin Camilo Gonzalez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Empire_(architecture)', 'summary': "The Napoleon III style , also known as the Second Empire style , was a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts , which used elements of many different historical styles , and also made innovative use of modern materials , such as iron frameworks and glass skylights . It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III in France ( 1852-1871 ) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and the United States . Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier ( 1862-1871 ) in Paris by Charles Garnier , the Bibliothèque nationale de France , and the Church of Saint Augustine ( 1860-1871 ) . The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann 's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire ; the new buildings , such as the opera , were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Neo-Rococo', 'summary': 'The Rococo Revival style emerged in Second Empire France and then was adapted in England . Revival of the rococo style was seen all throughout Europe during the 19th century within a variety of artistic modes and expression including decorative objects of art , paintings , art prints , furniture , and interior design . In much of Europe and particularly in France , the original rococo was regarded as a national style , and to many , its reemergence recalled national tradition . Rococo revival epitomized grandeur and luxury in European style and was another expression of 19th century romanticism and the growing interest and fascination with natural landscape . During the later half of the nineteenth century , Rococo Revival was also fashionable in American furniture and interior design . John Henry Belter was considered the most prominent figure of rococo revival furniture making . Revival of the rococo style was not restricted to a specific time period or place , but occurred in several waves throughout the 19th century .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castillo de Serralles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castillo_de_Serralles', 'summary': "Castillo Serrallés ( English : Serralles Castle ) is a mansion located in the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico , overlooking the downtown area ( Ponce Pueblo ) . It was built during the 1930s for Juan Eugenio Serrallés , son of businessman Juan Serrallés , founder of Destilería Serrallés . The structure sits on a 2.5-acre ( 1.0 ha ) exceedingly manicured property . Nowadays , the structure functions as a museum , Museo Castillo Serrallés , with information about the sugar cane and rum industries and its impact in the economy of Puerto Rico . It is also increasingly used as a venue for social activities , including destination weddings . The property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . In 1996 , the structure was featured in the American TV series America 's Castles ."}]}, {'value': 'November 3 , 1980 ( # 80004494 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cerro El Vigía 18°01′07″N 66°37′09″W / 18.018698°N 66.619274°W / 18.018698 ; -66.619274 ( Castillo de Serralles )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugués Urbano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugués_Urbano', 'summary': "Portugués Urbano is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Canas Urbano , Machuelo Abajo , Magueyes Urbano , and San Antón , Portugués Urbano is one of the municipality 's five originally rural barrios that are now also part of the urban zone of the city of Ponce . It was founded in 1953 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spanish Mediterranean style castle from 1926 by Pedro Adolfo de Castro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Spanish Colonial Revival Style ( Spanish : Arquitectura neocolonial española ) is an architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on the Spanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the Americas . The Panama-California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego , highlighting the work of architect Bertram Goodhue , is credited with giving the style national exposure . Embraced principally in California and Florida , the Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915 and 1931 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Adolfo_de_Castro', 'summary': 'Pedro Adolfo de Castro was a twentieth-century architect from San Juan , Puerto Rico .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathedral Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe of Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_Nuestra_Señora_de_Guadalupe_of_Ponce', 'summary': "The Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe ( English : Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe or simply Ponce Cathedral ) is the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponce located in downtown Ponce , Puerto Rico . The cathedral lies in the middle of Ponce 's town square , known as Plaza Las Delicias , located at the center of the Ponce Historic Zone . For its historic significance , the cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . It is the seat of the Bishop of Ponce , currently Rubén González Medina . The cathedral has a history that dates to 1670 . It has been damaged several times by fires and earthquakes . It stands out among Puerto Rico 's other four cathedrals for its intricate design . It has a large pipe organ that was played by danza master and composer Juan Morel Campos . Architecturally , it is designed in the neoclassical style . Structurally , it follows a cruciform plan , with a large dome at the crossing . The interior consists of a main nave and two large aisles separated by a series of eight arcades . There are two small chapels in its interior ."}]}, {'value': 'December 10 , 1984 ( # 84000467 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaza Las Delicias 18°00′43″N 66°36′50″W / 18.011839°N 66.613992°W / 18.011839 ; -66.613992 ( Cathedral Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe of Ponce )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaza_Las_Delicias', 'summary': 'Plaza Las Delicias is the main plaza in the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico . The square is notable for its fountains and for the various monuments it contains . The historic Parque de Bombas and Ponce Cathedral buildings are located within the plaza , which actually consists of two squares : Plaza Muñoz Rivera on the north end , and Plaza Degetau on the southern end . The square is the center of the Ponce Historic Zone , and it is flanked by the historic Ponce City Hall to the south , the early 19th-century Teatro Fox Delicias to the north , the NRHP-listed Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño and Banco de Ponce buildings to the east , and the Armstrong-Poventud Residence to the west . The square dates back to the early Spanish settlement in Ponce of 1670 . It is the main tourist attraction of the city , receiving about a quarter of a million visitors per year .'}]}, {'value': 'Segundo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Segundo_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Segundo ( Barrio Segundo ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Segundo is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 . Barrio Segundo has 3 subbarrios : Baldority de Castro ( or just Baldorioty ) , Clausells , [ a ] and Reparada ."}]}, {'value': 'Neoclassical building from 1835 by Francisco Porrata Doria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francisco_Porrata_Doria', 'summary': 'Francisco Luis Porrata-Doría ( 4 May 1890 - 2 September 1971 ) was a Puerto Rican architect from Ponce , Puerto Rico . Porrata-Doría was a pioneer in the development of the local modern architecture and one of the architects responsible for what has been called Ponce Monumental Architecture , of which the Banco Crédito is a good example .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cementerio Antiguo de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cementerio_Antiguo_de_Ponce', 'summary': "The Panteón Nacional Román Baldorioty de Castro ( English : Román Baldorioty de Castro National Pantheon ) is a tract of land in Barrio Segundo of the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico , originally designed as the city 's cemetery , but later converted into what has come to be a famous burial place . Established in 1842 , it is Puerto Rico 's first ( and only ) national pantheon . It is the only cemetery dedicated as a museum in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean . Prior to being dedicated as a Panteón Nacional , it was known as Cementerio Viejo or as Cementerio Antiguo de Ponce , [ a ] and is listed under that name on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . The Pantheon is named after Román Baldorioty de Castro , a prolific Puerto Rican politician , and firm believer of Puerto Rican autonomy and independence . His remains are located here . The Pantheon also houses a small museum about the history of autonomism in the Island , and it is currently used both as a park and a venue for the expression of culture and the arts . It is called the Museo del Autonomismo Puertorriqueño . Prior to being turned into a National Pantheon in 1991 , it was known as Antiguo Cementerio de Ponce ( Ponce 's Old Cemetery ) , to differentiate it from the newer ( though now also over 100 years old ) Cementerio Civil de Ponce ( Ponce Civil Cemetery ) . Built in 1842 , after the design of Antonio Torruella , the cemetery was enlarged in 1864 , following the design of Nieto Blajol Iglesia . It closed in 1918 ."}]}, {'value': 'January 5 , 1984 ( # 84003149 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 Torre Street at Frontispicio Street 18°00′57″N 66°37′04″W / 18.015833°N 66.617778°W / 18.015833 ; -66.617778 ( Cementerio Antiguo de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Segundo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Segundo_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Segundo ( Barrio Segundo ) is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Primero , Tercero , Cuarto , Quinto , and Sexto , Segundo is one the municipality 's six core urban barrios . It was organized in 1878 . Barrio Segundo has 3 subbarrios : Baldority de Castro ( or just Baldorioty ) , Clausells , [ a ] and Reparada ."}]}, {'value': 'Neo-classical . 1864 enlargement designed by Nieto Blajol Iglesia , from 1842', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cementerio Catolico San Vicente de Paul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cementerio_Catolico_San_Vicente_de_Paul', 'summary': 'The Cementerio Católico San Vicente de Paul ( English : Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic Cemetery ) is a cemetery in the city of Ponce , Puerto Rico . It is the only cemetery in Puerto Rico with a group of niches built forming a basement , in which the burials occurred beneath ground level , thus giving the effect of a catacomb . The cemetery is named after Vincent de Paul ( 24 April 1581 - 27 September 1660 ) , the French Roman Catholic priest who dedicated his life to serving the poor . It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 25 , 1988 ( # 88001249 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alma Sublime Street 18°01′00″N 66°38′02″W / 18.016596°N 66.633782°W / 18.016596 ; -66.633782 ( Cementerio Catolico San Vicente de Paul )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magueyes Urbano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magueyes_Urbano', 'summary': "Magueyes Urbano is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Canas Urbano , Machuelo Abajo , Portugués Urbano , and San Antón , Magueyes Urbano is one of the municipality 's five originally rural barrios that are now also part of the urban zone of the city of Ponce . The name of this barrio is of native Indian origin . It was created in 1953 ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical Revival , Spanish Revival , Art Deco from 1901 , also called Cementerio Católico de Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Classical_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Spanish Colonial Revival Style ( Spanish : Arquitectura neocolonial española ) is an architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on the Spanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the Americas . The Panama-California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego , highlighting the work of architect Bertram Goodhue , is credited with giving the style national exposure . Embraced principally in California and Florida , the Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915 and 1931 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Art_Deco', 'summary': 'Art Deco , sometimes referred to as Deco , is a style of visual arts , architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I . Art Deco influenced the design of buildings , furniture , jewelry , fashion , cars , movie theatres , trains , ocean liners , and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners . It took its name , short for Arts Décoratifs , from the Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes ( International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts ) held in Paris in 1925 . It combined modern styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials . During its heyday , Art Deco represented luxury , glamour , exuberance , and faith in social and technological progress . Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles , sometimes contradictory , united by a desire to be modern . From its outset , Art Deco was influenced by the bold geometric forms of Cubism and the Vienna Secession ; the bright colors of Fauvism and of the Ballets Russes ; the updated craftsmanship of the furniture of the eras of Louis Philippe I and Louis XVI ; and the exotic styles of China and Japan , India , Persia , ancient Egypt and Maya art . It featured rare and expensive materials , such as ebony and ivory , and exquisite craftsmanship . The Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York built during the 1920s and 1930s are monuments of the Art Deco style . In the 1930s , during the Great Depression , Art Deco became more subdued . New materials arrived , including chrome plating , stainless steel , and plastic . A sleeker form of the style , called Streamline Moderne , appeared in the 1930s ; it featured curving forms and smooth , polished surfaces .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Centro Ceremonial Indígena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centro_Ceremonial_Indígena', 'summary': 'The Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center ( Spanish : Centro Ceremonial Indígena de Tibes ) in Barrio Tibes , Ponce municipality , Puerto Rico , houses one of the most important archaeological discoveries made in the Antilles . The discovery provides an insight as to how the indigenous tribes of the Igneri and Taínos lived and played during and before the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the New World . Tibes is the oldest Antillean Indian ceremonial and sports complex yet uncovered in Puerto Rico . Within its boundaries is also the largest indigenous cemetery discovered to date - consisting of 186 human skeletons , most from the Igneri and the rest from the pre-Taíno cultures . Based on the orientation of the ceremonial plazas , this is also believed to be the oldest astronomical observatory in the Antilles . The museum was established in 1982 and restored in 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 14 , 1978 ( # 78003381 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 503 18°02′32″N 66°37′18″W / 18.042236°N 66.621781°W / 18.042236 ; -66.621781 ( Centro Ceremonial Indígena )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Highway_503', 'summary': '.'}]}, {'value': 'Tibes and Portugués', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tibes', 'summary': "Tibes ( Barrio Tibes ) is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Together with Magueyes , Portugués , Montes Llanos , Maragüez , Machuelo Arriba , Sabanetas , and Cerrillos , barrio Tibes is one of the municipality 's eight rural interior barrios . Tibes attracted attention recently when , in 1975 , what was to become the discovery of the oldest cemetery in the West Indies came about as a result of rainstorms . The name of this barrio is of native Indian origin . It was organized in 1831 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Portugués_Rural', 'summary': "Portugués Rural or , more commonly , simply Portugués ( Barrio Portugués ) , is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Magueyes , Tibes , Montes Llanos , Maragüez , Machuelo Arriba , Sabanetas , and Cerrillos , Portugués is one of the municipality 's eight rural interior barrios . It was founded in 1831 ."}]}, {'value': 'Also known as Batey Indígena de Tibes . ( Also , Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tibes_Indigenous_Ceremonial_Center', 'summary': 'The Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center ( Spanish : Centro Ceremonial Indígena de Tibes ) in Barrio Tibes , Ponce municipality , Puerto Rico , houses one of the most important archaeological discoveries made in the Antilles . The discovery provides an insight as to how the indigenous tribes of the Igneri and Taínos lived and played during and before the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the New World . Tibes is the oldest Antillean Indian ceremonial and sports complex yet uncovered in Puerto Rico . Within its boundaries is also the largest indigenous cemetery discovered to date - consisting of 186 human skeletons , most from the Igneri and the rest from the pre-Taíno cultures . Based on the orientation of the ceremonial plazas , this is also believed to be the oldest astronomical observatory in the Antilles . The museum was established in 1982 and restored in 1991 .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edificio Empresas Ferré', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 27 , 2013 ( # 13000638 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '834 Eugenio María de Hostos Avenue 17°58′55″N 66°37′12″W / 17.981903°N 66.620132°W / 17.981903 ; -66.620132 ( Edificio Empresas Ferré )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Playa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Playa_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Barrio Playa , also known as Playa de Ponce , Ponce Playa , or La Playa , is one of the thirty-one barrios that comprise the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Bucaná , Canas , Vayas , and Capitanejo , Playa is one of the municipality 's five coastal barrios . Barrio Playa also incorporates several islands , the largest of which is Caja de Muertos . It was founded in 1831 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edificio Municipal de la Playa de Ponce', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 27 , 2013 ( # 13000639 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 Alfonso XII Street at Padre Noel Avenue 17°58′55″N 66°37′16″W / 17.981943°N 66.621142°W / 17.981943 ; -66.621142 ( Edificio Municipal de la Playa de Ponce )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Playa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Playa_(Ponce)', 'summary': "Barrio Playa , also known as Playa de Ponce , Ponce Playa , or La Playa , is one of the thirty-one barrios that comprise the municipality of Ponce , Puerto Rico . Along with Bucaná , Canas , Vayas , and Capitanejo , Playa is one of the municipality 's five coastal barrios . Barrio Playa also incorporates several islands , the largest of which is Caja de Muertos . It was founded in 1831 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Ponce', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Puerto_Rico_4', 'intro': "This is a list of properties and districts in the southern municipalities of Puerto Rico that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (Spanish: Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos). It includes places along the southern coast of the island, and on the south slope of Puerto Rico's Cordillera Central. The area covered spans from the city of Yauco on the southwest coast to the Guayama municipality at the southeast. Names of places given are as they appear in the National Register, reflecting name as given in NRHP application at the date of listing. Note, the National Register name system does not accommodate Spanish á, ñ and other letters. See also:"}
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What is the historical place that is located in the main tourist attraction of the city , receiving about a quarter of a million visitors per year ?
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Casa Alcaldía de Ponce - City Hall
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02ac7d5c3e19b377
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_India', 'title': 'List of shopping malls in India', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Year', 'Size Total area'], 'data': [{'value': 'Phoenix Marketcity ( Mumbai )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Marketcity_(Mumbai)', 'summary': 'Phoenix Marketcity is the largest shopping mall in India [ citation needed ] , situated in Kurla , Mumbai . It is developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd . Spread across 4.1 million sq ft the mall includes 2.1 million sq ft of retail space . It houses 600 stores with domestic and foreign brands , PVR Cinemas which has 14 movie screens and 70 restaurants . Its sister mall in Mumbai is High Street Phoenix , located in Lower Parel . The nearest railway stations are Kurla railway station and Vidyavihar railway station . The nearest bus stop is Kamani .'}]}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai', 'summary': "Mumbai ( English : /mʊmˈbaɪ/ , Marathi : [ ˈmumbəi ] ; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . According to United Nations , as of 2018 , Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million . As per Indian government population census of 2011 , Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai . Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India . Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Elephanta Caves , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus , and the city 's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings . The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people , who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,100,000 sq ft ( 380,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DLF Mall of India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DLF_Mall_of_India', 'summary': 'DLF Mall of India is a shopping mall situated in Sector 18 , Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India . The mall is spread over 7 floors , and includes 330 brands , 80 kiosks , 5 customized shopping zones , along with 75 food and beverages options and a movie theatre ( PVR Cinemas ) with 7 screens . Developed by DLF Limited , the mall was expected to be operational by December 2014 , but eventually opened for public in February 2016 . Mall of India was planned and designed by the British architectural firm Benoy , with six customized shopping levels including international and Indian fashion , dedicated kids zone , entertainment , international cafes , food court and restaurants with a race track atrium . It is a popular hub for shopping , entertainment and dining . To add to the Mall of India franchise , DLF planned to build a Mall of India in city of Gurgaon , which would have a capacity space in excess of 4,500,000 sq ft ( 418,100 m2 ) than their mall in Noida . However , in November 2008 , construction work at the mall , after initial land lease and digging , was put on hold due to overall fall in retail rentals . Thus its current status is held in a stalled state .'}]}, {'value': 'Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noida', 'summary': "Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority , is a planned city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is a satellite city of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India . As per provisional reports of Census of India , the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381 . Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state in close proximity to NCT of Delhi . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . The city is a part of the Noida ( Vidhan Sabha ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha ) constituency . Minister of State for Culture and Tourism Mahesh Sharma is the present Lok Sabha MP of Gautam Buddha Nagar , while Pankaj Singh is the present MLA of Noida . Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in Best City Awards conducted by ABP News in 2015 . Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with nearly 50% green cover , the highest of any city in India ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000,000 sq ft ( 190,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VR Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VR_Chennai', 'summary': 'VR Chennai ( Tamil : வி . ஆர் . சென்னை ) is a shopping mall located on Jawaharlal Nehru Road in Anna Nagar West , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . This mall was opened to the public on the 18 June 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000,000 sq ft ( 190,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarath City Capital Mall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad', 'summary': "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State"}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,930,000 sq ft ( 180,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Z Square Mall , Kanpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Z_Square_Mall,_Kanpur', 'summary': 'Z Square Mall ( Hindi : जेड स्क्वायर मॉल ) ( Urdu : زد اسکوائر ملل ) is a shopping mall cum entertainment complex in the Indian city of Kanpur . The mall is spread on an area of five acres in the middle of Kanpur city with 1,500,000 sqft . of built-up area and the presence of more than 150 National & International brands . The mall is ranked as 7th largest mall in India by hellotravel , a reputed travel agency . It is ranked 6th largest in India by tripoto and traveljee . The mall is owned by reputed ZAZ Tanners Group which has its leather industries in Jajmau , Kanpur and Unnao .'}]}, {'value': 'Kanpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanpur', 'summary': "Kanpur ( /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ pronunciation ( help·info ) ; formerly Cawnpore ) is a large city in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . The city is famous for its leather and textile industries . It is the 12th most populous city in India and 11th most populous urban agglomeration . It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh . Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947 when India gained independence . Kanpur is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district and Kanpur division . Located on the west bank of the Ganges River , it is a major trade and commercial centre in North India with the first woollen mill of India , the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander McRobert . The city is widely regarded as The Leather City of the World and is also nicknamed as Manchester of India . According to 2011 Indian census , it is the eleventh most populous urban city while the population of city and its suburb were around 5 million making it the eighth-most populous metropolitan area in India . Furthermore it is considered the world 's most polluted city by particulate matter concentration . In 2018 , Kanpur , was considered by the World Health Organization as the city with the world 's worst air pollution ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500,000 sq ft ( 140,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LuLu International Shopping Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LuLu_International_Shopping_Mall', 'summary': 'LuLu International Shopping Mall is a shopping mall located in Kochi , Kerala . It is one of the largest shopping mall in India in terms of total area . With an average daily footfall of more than 80,000 , it is one of the most visited places in Kerala . Spanning 17 acres ( 6.9 ha ) with a total built up area of 1.5 million square feet including the multilevel car park the mall has a total retail space of 6.2 lakh square feet . A hotel and convention center totaling 0.35 million sq feet is also build along with the project . The mall was opened on March 2013 . It contains more than 225 outlets , including food courts , restaurants , family entertainment zones , a multiplex , ice skating rink and bowling alley . The estimated cost for this project is more than ₹16 billion or US $ 250 million . The property is owned and managed by Yusuff Ali M.A . Chairman and Managing Director of Lulu Group International . LuLu Mall in Kochi was their maiden retail venture in India .'}]}, {'value': 'Kochi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kochi', 'summary': 'Kochi ( [ koˈtʃːi ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Cochin ( /ˈkoʊtʃɪn/ KOH-chin ) , is a major port city on the south-west coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea . It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam . Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala . As of 2011 , it has a corporation limit population of 677,381 within an area of 94.88 km² and a total urban population of more than of 2.1 million within an area of 440 km² , making it the largest and the most populous metropolitan area in Kerala . Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India . The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation , which was constituted in the year 1967 , and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority ( GCDA ) and the Goshree Islands Development Authority ( GIDA ) . Called the Queen of the Arabian Sea , Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward , and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era . Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503 , Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India . It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530 , when Goa was chosen instead . The city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British , with the Kingdom of Cochin becoming a princely state . Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala . The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500,000 sq ft ( 140,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hilite Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hilite_Mall', 'summary': 'HiLITE Mall is a shopping mall located in the city of Kozhikode in the Malabar region of Kerala . HiLITE Mall is located in Palazhi bypass junction on the National Highway 66 bypass where the bypass meets Pottammal - Palazhi road . The shopping mall covers a total built-up area of 1,500,000 sq ft ( 140,000 m2 ) and it is being constructed as a part of the HiLITE City which has 3,200,000 sq ft ( 300,000 m2 ) in first phase and 10,000,000 sq ft ( 930,000 m2 ) in the second phase , an integrated township project from HiLITE Builders . The mall location is very close to the IT Parks ( Government & ULCCS ) , which gives a decent footfalls during weekdays as well . The mall is being constructed in two phases , phase 1 is complete and phase 2 is under construction which is scheduled to complete by 2019 Q1 . Phase 2 will include an eight screen multiplex and NESTO Hypermarket chain.Hi Lite Mall is a huge mall , where locals prefer spending the evenings . There is ample paid parking at the mall . There are outlets of many well known brands , a food court , supermarkets , departmental stores as well as various avenues for entertainment . There is something for every age group and the mall also provided a good option for tourists to pass the time . Though , not unlike malls in other cities , it is worth a visit if there is time on hand .'}]}, {'value': 'Calicut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calicut', 'summary': 'Kozhikode ( [ koːɻikːoːɖ ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Calicut , is an Indian city , second-largest urban agglomeration in the State of Kerala and 20th largest in the country with a population of 2 million according to 2011 census . During classical antiquity and the Middle Ages , Kozhikode was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point of Indian spices . A historical city , it was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris ( Zamorins ) in the Middle Ages . According to data compiled by economics research firm Indicus Analytics in 2009 on residences , earnings and investments , Kozhikode ranked as the second best city in India to reside in .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500,000 sq ft ( 140,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phoenix Marketcity ( Bangalore )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Marketcity_(Bangalore)', 'summary': 'Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd. , located in Bengaluru , Karnataka , India . It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area , occupying 1,600,000 square feet ( 150,000 m2 ) with 1,400,000 square feet ( 130,000 m2 ) of retail space on four floors , which houses over 270 stores , a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court .'}]}, {'value': 'Bengaluru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangalore', 'summary': "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,400,000 sq ft ( 130,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Trade Park , Jaipur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Trade_Park,_Jaipur', 'summary': 'World Trade Park is a shopping mall in Malviya Nagar , Jaipur , Rajasthan , India . It opened in the later half of 2012'}]}, {'value': 'Jaipur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaipur', 'summary': 'Jaipur ( /ˈdʒaɪpʊər/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan . As of 2011 , the city had a population of 3.1 million , making it the tenth most populous city in the country . Jaipur is also known as the Pink City , due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings . It is located 268 km ( 167 miles ) from the national capital New Delhi . Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the Rajput ruler Jai Singh II , the ruler of Amer , after whom the city is named . It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India , designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya . During the British Colonial period , the city served as the capital of Jaipur State . After independence in 1947 , Jaipur was made capital of the newly-formed state of Rajasthan . Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra ( 240 km , 149 mi ) . It also serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur ( 348 km , 216 mi ) , Jaisalmer ( 571 km , 355 mi ) , Udaipur ( 421 km , 262 mi ) , Kota ( 252 km , 156 mi ) and Mount Abu ( 520 km , 323 mi ) . Jaipur is located 616 km from Shimla . On 6 July 2019 , UNESCO World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the Pink City of India among its World Heritage Sites .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,300,000 sq ft ( 120,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elante Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elante_Mall', 'summary': 'Elante Mall is a shopping mall in the city of Chandigarh in India . With the gross leasable area of 1,150,000 sq ft ( 107,000 m2 ) , it is the second largest shopping mall in Northern India and the seventh largest in India . Elante is spread over an area of 20 acres . It is part of a mixed use real estate development project by Larsen & Toubro called Elante .'}]}, {'value': 'Chandigarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chandigarh', 'summary': "Chandigarh ( local pronunciation : [ tʃə̃ˈɖiːɡəɽʱ ] ( listen ) ) is a city , district and union territory in India that serves as the capital of the two neighbouring states of Punjab and Haryana . The city is unique as it is not a part of either of the two states but is governed directly by the Union Government , which administers all such territories in the country . Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the north , the west and the south , and by the state of Haryana to the east . It is considered to be a part of the Chandigarh capital region or Greater Chandigarh , which includes Chandigarh , and the city of Panchkula ( in Haryana ) and cities of Kharar , Kurali , Mohali , Zirakpur ( in Punjab ) . It is located 260 km ( 162 miles ) north of New Delhi and 229 km ( 143 miles ) southeast of Amritsar . It was one of the early planned cities in post-independence India and is internationally known for its architecture and urban design . The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier , which transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer . Most of the government buildings and housing in the city were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Le Corbusier , Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry . In 2015 , an article published by BBC named Chandigarh as one of the few master-planned cities in the world to have succeeded in terms of combining monumental architecture , cultural growth and modernisation . Chandigarh 's Capitol Complex was in July 2016 declared by UNESCO as World Heritage at the 40th session of World Heritage Conference held in Istanbul . UNESCO inscription was under The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement . The Capitol Complex buildings include the Punjab and Haryana High Court , Punjab and Haryana Secretariat and Punjab and Haryana Assembly along with monuments Open hand , Martyrs Memorial , Geometric Hill and Tower of Shadow and the Rock Garden ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,150,000 sq ft ( 107,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VR Amritsar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amritsar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amritsar', 'summary': "Amritsar ( Punjabi : [ əmːˈrɪtsər ] ( listen ) ) , historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar , is a city in northwestern India which is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district and is located in the Majha region of the Indian state of Punjab . According to the 2011 census , the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761 . It is one of the ten Municipal Corporations in the state and Karamjit Singh Rintu is the current mayor of the city . The city is situated 217 km ( 135 mi ) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and 455 km ( 283 miles ) northwest of New Delhi , the national capital . It is near Pakistan , with the Wagah Border being only 28 km ( 17.4 mi ) away . Amritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India . Amritsar is home to Harmandir Sahib , popularly known as the Golden Temple , one of Sikhism 's most spiritually significant and most-visited gurudwaras . The city is also known for its wooden chessboards and chess pieces manufacturing industry ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000,000 sq ft ( 93,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esplanade One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esplanade_One', 'summary': 'Esplanade One is the largest shopping mall in the state of Odisha located at Bhubaneswar . It was developed by the Forum Group and The Blackstone Group The mall has a total commercial space of 1,000,000 sq ft spread over four floors designed by the Practice Design Pvt Ltd .'}]}, {'value': 'Bhubaneswar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhubaneswar', 'summary': "Bhubaneswar ( Odia pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha . It is a centre of economic , educational and cultural importance of East India . Along with the old town , the region historically was often depicted as Ekamra Kshetra ( Temple City ) . With the diverse ranges of heritage resources , it showcases significant sacred cultural landscape components which have evolved with the support of available natural resource base and cultural trigger . Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948 , the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 3rd century BCE and earlier . It is a confluence of Hindu , Buddhist and Jain heritage boasting of some of the finest Kalingan temples . With many 6th-13th century CE Hindu temples , which span the entire spectrum of Kalinga architecture , Bhubaneswar is often referred to as a Temple City of India . With Puri and Konark it forms the Swarna Tribhuja ( Golden Triangle ) , one of eastern India 's most visited destinations . Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the capital on 19 August 1949 , 2 years after India gained its independence from Britain . The modern city was designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1946 . Along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh , it was one of modern India 's first planned cities . Khorda has a population of around more that 22 lacs according to 2011 census ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000,000 sq ft ( 93,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phoenix Marketcity ( Chennai )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Marketcity_(Chennai)', 'summary': 'Phoenix Market City ( Chennai ) is a shopping mall developed by Phoenix Mills Limited located in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was opened in January 2013 and is the largest mall in the city . It was the fourth largest mall in India in 2018 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000,000 sq ft ( 93,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viviana Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viviana_Mall', 'summary': 'Viviana Mall is a shopping mall located in Thane West , Thane , Maharashtra . Located on the Eastern Express Highway , it is well-connected with all areas of the city . It has a wide range of retail and entertainment outlets at the mall . Built on a 13-acre plot and spread over an area of one million sq . ft . The mall has a movie theatre ( Cinépolis ) . The mall has Fun City , which is an Arcade for kids to play . The mall has over 250 stores which comprises 19 large and mini anchors tenants .'}]}, {'value': 'Thane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thane', 'summary': 'Thane ( also known as Thana , the official name until 1996 ) is a metropolitan city in Maharashtra , India . Thane city coincides entirely within Thane taluka , one of the seven talukas of Thane district ; also , it is the headquarter of the namesake district . With a population of 1,841,488 distributed over a land area of about 147 square kilometres ( 57 sq mi ) , Thane city is the 16th most populated city in India with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census . The city is also called City of Lakes as the city is surrounded by 35 lakes . Located on the northwestern side of the state of Maharashtra , the city is an immediate neighbour of Mumbai city and a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000,000 sq ft ( 93,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fun Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fun_Republic_Mall_(Lucknow)', 'summary': 'The Fun Republic Mall is a shopping mall located in Gomti Nagar , Lucknow . Built-up area is more than 970,000 sq ft. [ 3,70,000 sq ft of leasable area ] It was built by Zee Group in the mid-2000s at a cost of Rs 800 million . It comprises retail outlets , cinema , food court and 60-room boutique hotel . The gaming zone that previously existed is now discontinued . It has parking for 550 cars and average footfall of 25,000-28,000 on weekdays and 37,000-40,000 on weekends .'}]}, {'value': 'Lucknow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucknow', 'summary': "Lucknow ( /ˈlʌknaʊ/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ ləkʰnəuː ] Lakhna ' ū ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh , and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division . It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India . Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub , and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries . It continues to be an important centre of governance , administration , education , commerce , aerospace , finance , pharmaceuticals , technology , design , culture , tourism , music and poetry . The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres ( 404 ft ) above sea level . Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometres ( 976 sq mi ) . Bounded on the east by Barabanki , on the west by Unnao , on the south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi , Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River . Historically , Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region , controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire . It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh . In 1856 , the British East India Company abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and , in 1857 , transferred it to the British Raj . Along with the rest of India , Lucknow became independent from Britain on 15 August 1947 . It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in India and 74th in the world ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '970,000 sq ft ( 90,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Grand Venice Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Grand_Venice_Mall', 'summary': 'The Grand Venice Mall , also known as TGV Mall is an Italian-themed shopping mall in Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India . It covers 947,000 square feet and was opened in 2015 . It is decorated with replicas of Roman statues and Venetian buildings , and has two canals with gondola rides for visitors . The mall has 258 stores representing Indian and international chains and brands . It also includes a food court , and an entertainment area with features such as a zip line ride , a bowling alley , cricket lanes , and a Cinépolis multiplex cinema . The Grand Venice Mall is located in Plot No SH3 , Site IV , Greater Noida , adjacent to Pari Chowk metro station .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '947,000 sq ft ( 88,000 m2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mantri Square', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mantri_Square', 'summary': 'Mantri Square ( Kannada : ಮಂತ್ರಿ ಚೌಕ ) is a shopping mall situated in the Malleswaram locality in Bangalore , Karnataka , India . Mantri Square is one of the biggest malls in the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Bengaluru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangalore', 'summary': "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '924,000 sq ft ( 85,800 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Express Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Express_Avenue', 'summary': 'Express Avenue ( Tamil : எக்ஸ்ப்ரெஸ் அவென்யூ ) is a shopping mall in Chennai promoted by Express Infrastructure , A division of Express Newspapers Pvt . Ltd . It is home to the largest gaming arcade in South India . Built at a cost of ₹7,500 million ( US $ 110 million ) , the 1,750,000-square-foot ( 163,000 m2 ) mall has 10 anchor tenants and 150 vanilla tenants .'}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '900,000 sq ft ( 84,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orion Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orion_Mall', 'summary': 'Orion Mall is a shopping mall at Brigade Gateway Enclave in Bangalore , Karnataka , India developed by Brigade Group ( Developer ) . The mall with a total shopping area of 1 million sq.ft . is the 3rd largest in Bangalore .'}]}, {'value': 'Bengaluru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangalore', 'summary': "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '850,000 sq ft ( 79,000 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Great India Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Great_India_Place', 'summary': 'The Great India Place is a shopping mall in Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India . It is popularly known as GIP Mall . It is one of the largest malls in the country . The mall features a wide selection of national and international retail outlets . This grand shopping mall also shares its boundary with Worlds of Wonder , a major Amusement Park in the city . The Great India Place , Gardens Galleria Mall , Worlds of Wonder ( WOW ) , Kidzania and Decathlon are all part of the larger Entertainment City Limited development on 150 acre land in the most expensive commercial hub of Noida in Delhi NCR . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noida', 'summary': "Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority , is a planned city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is a satellite city of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India . As per provisional reports of Census of India , the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381 . Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state in close proximity to NCT of Delhi . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . The city is a part of the Noida ( Vidhan Sabha ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha ) constituency . Minister of State for Culture and Tourism Mahesh Sharma is the present Lok Sabha MP of Gautam Buddha Nagar , while Pankaj Singh is the present MLA of Noida . Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in Best City Awards conducted by ABP News in 2015 . Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with nearly 50% green cover , the highest of any city in India ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '850,000 sq ft ( 79,000 m )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Largest malls', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_shopping_malls_in_Kolkata_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of shopping malls in India, sortable by name, location, year opened and size.'}
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What is the biggest mall located in the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka ?
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Phoenix Marketcity ( Bangalore )
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02ad39cd495c7788
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NABC_Player_of_the_Year', 'title': 'NABC Player of the Year', 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'School', 'State', 'Position', 'Class'], 'data': [{'value': '1974-75', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Thompson_(basketball)', 'summary': "David O'Neil Thompson ( born July 13 , 1954 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He played with the Denver Nuggets of both the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as well as the Seattle SuperSonics of the NBA . He was previously a star in college for North Carolina State , leading the Wolfpack to its first NCAA championship in 1974 . Thompson is one of the six players to score 70 or more points in an NBA game . Thompson was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996 . Thompson was known for his exceptional leaping ability that enabled him to become one of the game 's premier dunkers in the 1970s , which earned him the nickname of Skywalker . Michael Jordan said , The whole meaning of vertical leap began with David Thompson . Bill Walton described Thompson as Michael Jordan , Kobe Bryant , Tracy McGrady , and LeBron James rolled into one ."}]}, {'value': 'NC State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The NC State Wolfpack men 's basketball team represents North Carolina State University in NCAA Division I men 's basketball competition . The Wolfpack currently competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference , of which it was a founding member . Prior to joining the ACC in 1954 , the Wolfpack was a member of the Southern Conference , where they won seven conference championships . As a member of the ACC , the Wolfpack has won ten conference championships , as well as two national championships in 1974 and 1983 . State 's unexpected 1983 title was one of the most memorable in NCAA history . Since 1999 , the Pack has played most of its home games at PNC Arena , which is also where the NCAA championship trophies are kept . Prior to 1999 , they played at Reynolds Coliseum ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'SG / SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975-76', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott May', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_May', 'summary': 'Scott Glenn May ( born March 19 , 1954 ) is a retired American professional basketball player .'}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Indiana Hoosiers men 's basketball team represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington , Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus . Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men 's basketball ( 1940 , 1953 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 ) - the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight . Indiana 's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men 's basketball champion . The Hoosiers are tied for sixth in NCAA Tournament appearances ( 39 ) , seventh in NCAA Tournament victories ( 66 ) , tied for eighth in Final Four appearances ( 8 ) , and 11th in overall victories . The Hoosiers have won 22 Big Ten Conference Championships and have the best winning percentage in conference games at nearly 60 percent . No team has had more All-Big Ten selections than the Hoosiers with 53 . The Hoosiers also rank seventh in all-time AP poll appearances ( 560 ) and sixth in the number of weeks spent ranked No . 1 ( 54 ) . Every four-year men 's basketball letterman since 1973 has earned a trip to the NCAA basketball tournament . Additionally , every four-year player since 1950 has played on a nationally ranked squad at Indiana . The Hoosiers are among the most storied programs in the history of college basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976-77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marques Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marques_Johnson', 'summary': 'Marques Kevin Johnson ( born February 8 , 1956 ) is a basketball analyst for the Milwaukee Bucks on Fox Sports Net and a retired American professional basketball player . The small forward played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1977-1989 , where he was a five-time All-Star . He was a pioneer of the point forward position . Johnson was a Los Angeles City Section player of the year in high school before attending the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) . He played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins and won a national championship in 1975 . In his senior year , he won multiple national player of the year awards . Johnson was the third overall pick in the 1977 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks . He played seven seasons with Milwaukee before finishing his NBA career with the Los Angeles Clippers and the Golden State Warriors .'}]}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins men 's basketball program represents the University of California , Los Angeles in the sport of men 's basketball as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Established in 1919 , the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles . Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons , from 1964 to 1975 , including seven straight from 1967 to 1973 . UCLA went undefeated a record four times ( 1964 , 1967 , 1972 , and 1973 ) . Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995 . Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008 . As a member of the AAWU , Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10 , UCLA set a NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until passed by Kansas in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'G / F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977-78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phil Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Ford_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Phil Jackson Ford Jr. ( born February 9 , 1956 ) is an American former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He graduated from Rocky Mount Senior High School in 1974 , and had an All-American college career with the North Carolina Tar Heels .'}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978-79', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1978–79_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': 'The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season .'}]}, {'value': 'Larry Bird', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Bird', 'summary': "Larry Joe Bird ( born December 7 , 1956 ) is an American former professional basketball player , former coach , and former executive who most recently served as President of Basketball Operations for the Indiana Pacers in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Nicknamed The Hick from French Lick , Bird is widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time . Drafted into the NBA by the Boston Celtics with the sixth overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft , Bird started at small forward and power forward for the Celtics for 13 seasons . Bird was a 12-time NBA All-Star and received the NBA Most Valuable Player Award three consecutive times ( 1984-1986 ) . He played his entire professional career for Boston , winning three NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards . Bird was also a member of the gold-medal-winning 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team known as The Dream Team . He was voted to the NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1996 , was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998 , and was inducted into the Hall of Fame again in 2010 as a member of The Dream Team . After retiring as a player , Bird served as head coach of the Indiana Pacers from 1997 to 2000 . He was named NBA Coach of the Year for the 1997-1998 season and later led the Pacers to a berth in the 2000 NBA Finals . In 2003 , Bird was named President of Basketball Operations for the Pacers , holding the position until retiring in 2012 . He was named NBA Executive of the Year for the 2012 season . Bird returned to the Pacers as President of Basketball Operations in 2013 and remained in that role until 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Indiana_State_Sycamores_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Indiana State Sycamores basketball is the NCAA Division I men 's basketball program of Indiana State University in Terre Haute , Indiana . They currently compete in the Missouri Valley Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2011 . The Sycamores ' first season was 1896 , making them the oldest basketball team in the NCAA along with Bucknell , Minnesota , and Washington ; however , the records from 1896 to 1899 no longer exist . The Sycamores boast two College Players of the Year , 14 All-Americans , 39 1,000-point scorers , and 1,507 victories . Their victory count places them in the top 70 of all NCAA Division I programs . In addition , the Sycamores have 26 postseason appearances ( 7 NCAA , 4 NIT , 1 CBI , 1 CIT , 12 NAIA , and the 1936 Olympic Trials ) with five national championship appearances ( 2 NCAA , 3 NAIA ) . Seven Sycamores were members of the 1951 Pan-American Games gold medal-winning team . The Sycamores ' most memorable season was 1978-79 , when unanimous National Player of the Year Larry Bird led an undefeated team to its first-ever NCAA Division I Tournament appearance , as well as the UPI national title . However , it lost the national title game versus the Magic Johnson-led Michigan State team ; and ended the season with a record of 33-1 . Their performance was the deepest run by a first-time participant in the Division I tournament , and one of only three times that a first-time team has advanced as far as the Final Four ( UNCC in 1977 and Georgia in 1983 ) . They would not have another postseason appearance until 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979-80', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 17 , 1979 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24 , 1980 , at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis . The Louisville Cardinals won their first NCAA national championship with a 59-54 victory over the UCLA Bruins ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Brooks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brooks_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Michael Anthony Brooks ( August 17 , 1958 - August 22 , 2016 ) was an American professional basketball player . At 6 feet 7 inches ( 2.01 m ) , he played as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'La Salle', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/La_Salle_Explorers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The La Salle Explorers men 's basketball program represents La Salle University in college basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980-81', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1980–81_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 28 , 1980 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1981 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 30 , 1981 , at The Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Indiana Hoosiers won their fourth NCAA national championship with a 63-50 victory over the North Carolina Tar Heels ."}]}, {'value': 'Danny Ainge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Ainge', 'summary': 'Daniel Ray Ainge ( born March 17 , 1959 ) is an American basketball executive and former professional basketball and baseball player . Ainge is currently the general manager and President of Basketball Operations for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Ainge was an outstanding high school athlete . At Brigham Young University , he was named national basketball college player of the year and won the John R. Wooden Award for the most outstanding male college basketball player . While in college , Ainge also played parts of three seasons with the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , mostly as a second baseman . He was then drafted into the NBA by the Celtics . Ainge completed 14 seasons , playing for the Celtics , Portland Trail Blazers , Sacramento Kings and Phoenix Suns , primarily as a shooting guard . He went on to coach the Suns for three seasons before joining management of the Celtics , with whom Ainge has three NBA Championships to his credit ( two as a player , one as President/GM ) . He is the only person to be named a high school first team All-American in American football , basketball , and baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigham Young', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/BYU_Cougars_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The BYU Cougars men 's basketball team represents Brigham Young University in NCAA Division I basketball play . Established in 1902 , the team has won 27 conference championships , 3 conference tournament championships and 2 NIT Tournaments ( 1951 and 1966 ) , and competed in 29 NCAA Tournaments . It currently competes in the West Coast Conference . From 1999-2011 , the team competed in the Mountain West Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah', 'summary': "Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-82', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1981–82_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1981-82 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 27 , 1981 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 29 , 1982 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels won their second NCAA national championship with a 63-62 victory over the Georgetown Hoyas ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Sampson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Sampson', 'summary': "Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. ( born July 7 , 1960 ) is an American retired basketball player . He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . A 7-foot-4 phenom , three-time College Player of the Year , and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft , Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The NBA Rookie of the Year , Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll . Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star , an NBA Rookie of the Year , and an NBA All-Star Game MVP ( 1985 ) . One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986 , derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles , and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Virginia . The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . Virginia has won one NCAA Championship , two National Invitation Tournaments , and three ACC Tournament titles . The team is coached by Tony Bennett and plays home games at the on-campus John Paul Jones Arena ( 14,593 ) which opened in 2006 . They have been called the Cavaliers since 1923 , predating the Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA by half a century . Virginia was a top program in the early years of college basketball under the tutelage of Pop Lannigan from 1905-1929 , and even a consistent winner under dual-sport football coach Gus Tebell from 1930-1951 , but the Cavaliers struggled in the 1950s and 1960s before Terry Holland arrived in 1974 to win their first ACC Championship and earn their first NCAA Tournament appearance in just his second year . The program has since won nine ACC season titles , third-best all-time . In the recent 18-game era ( 2012-2019 ) of ACC play under Bennett , Virginia had four of the five teams to go 16-2 or better . UVA was also the only ACC program to finish a season 17-1 ( none went undefeated ) . Virginia won the NCAA Tournament Championship in 2019 , has been to the Final Four three times , and won the last third-place game ever played at the event in 1981 . UVA is one of only two programs to have earned a No . 1 seed in all four regions of the NCAA Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-83', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1982–83_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1982-83 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1982 and ended with the Final Four in Albuquerque , New Mexico on April 4 , 1983 . The NC State Wolfpack won their second NCAA national championship with a 54-52 victory over the heavily-favored # 1 ranked Houston Cougars ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Sampson ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Sampson', 'summary': "Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. ( born July 7 , 1960 ) is an American retired basketball player . He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . A 7-foot-4 phenom , three-time College Player of the Year , and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft , Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The NBA Rookie of the Year , Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll . Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star , an NBA Rookie of the Year , and an NBA All-Star Game MVP ( 1985 ) . One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986 , derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles , and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Virginia . The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . Virginia has won one NCAA Championship , two National Invitation Tournaments , and three ACC Tournament titles . The team is coached by Tony Bennett and plays home games at the on-campus John Paul Jones Arena ( 14,593 ) which opened in 2006 . They have been called the Cavaliers since 1923 , predating the Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA by half a century . Virginia was a top program in the early years of college basketball under the tutelage of Pop Lannigan from 1905-1929 , and even a consistent winner under dual-sport football coach Gus Tebell from 1930-1951 , but the Cavaliers struggled in the 1950s and 1960s before Terry Holland arrived in 1974 to win their first ACC Championship and earn their first NCAA Tournament appearance in just his second year . The program has since won nine ACC season titles , third-best all-time . In the recent 18-game era ( 2012-2019 ) of ACC play under Bennett , Virginia had four of the five teams to go 16-2 or better . UVA was also the only ACC program to finish a season 17-1 ( none went undefeated ) . Virginia won the NCAA Tournament Championship in 2019 , has been to the Final Four three times , and won the last third-place game ever played at the event in 1981 . UVA is one of only two programs to have earned a No . 1 seed in all four regions of the NCAA Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983-84', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1983–84_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1983-84 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1983 and ended with the Final Four in Seattle , Washington on April 2 , 1984 . The Georgetown Hoyas won their first NCAA national championship with an 84-75 victory over the Houston Cougars , who were making their third consecutive appearance in the Final Four ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Jordan', 'summary': "Michael Jeffrey Jordan ( born February 17 , 1963 ) , also known by his initials MJ , is an American former professional basketball player and the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played 15 seasons in the NBA , winning six championships with the Chicago Bulls . His biography on the official NBA website states : By acclamation , Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time . He was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s . Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith with the North Carolina Tar Heels . As a freshman , he was a member of the Tar Heels ' national championship team in 1982 . Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick , and quickly emerged as a league star and entertained crowds with his prolific scoring . His leaping ability , demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in Slam Dunk Contests , earned him the nicknames Air Jordan and His Airness . He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball . In 1991 , he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls , and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993 , securing a three-peat . Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the 1993-94 NBA season and started a new career in Minor League Baseball , he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996 , 1997 , and 1998 , as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995-96 NBA season . He retired for a second time in January 1999 but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984-85', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1984-85 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1984 and ended with the Final Four in Lexington , Kentucky on April 1 , 1985 . The Villanova Wildcats won their first NCAA national championship with a 66-64 victory over the defending champion , top-ranked Georgetown Hoyas . It was the second time in three seasons that the national champion had 10 losses ."}]}, {'value': 'Patrick Ewing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Ewing', 'summary': "Patrick Aloysius Ewing ( born August 5 , 1962 ) is a Jamaican-American retired Hall of Fame basketball player and current head coach of the Georgetown University men 's basketball team . He played most of his career as the starting center of the NBA 's New York Knicks and also played briefly with the Seattle SuperSonics and Orlando Magic . Ewing played center for Georgetown for four years - where he played in the NCAA Championship Game three times - and was named as the 16th greatest college player of all time by ESPN . He had an eighteen-year NBA career , predominantly playing for the New York Knicks , where he was an eleven-time all-star and named to seven All-NBA teams . The Knicks appeared in the NBA Finals twice ( 1994 & 1999 ) during his tenure . He won Olympic gold medals as a member of the 1984 and 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball teams . In a 1996 poll celebrating the 50th anniversary of the NBA , Ewing was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History . He is a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield , Massachusetts ( in 2008 for his individual career , and in 2010 as a member of the 1992 Olympic team ) . Additionally he was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame as a member of the Dream Team in 2009 . His number 33 was retired by the Knicks in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgetown', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Georgetown Hoyas men 's basketball program represents Georgetown University in NCAA Division I men 's intercollegiate basketball and the Big East Conference . Georgetown has competed in men 's college basketball since 1907 . The current head coach of the program is Patrick Ewing . Georgetown won the National Championship in 1984 and has made the Final Four on five occasions . They have won the Big East Conference Tournament a record seven times , and have also won or shared the Big East regular season title ten times . They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament thirty times and in the National Invitation Tournament thirteen times . The Hoyas historically have been well regarded not only for their team success , but also for generating players that have succeeded both on and off the court , producing NBA legends such as Patrick Ewing , Dikembe Mutombo , Alonzo Mourning , and Allen Iverson , as well as United States Congressman Henry Hyde and former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington , D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington,_D.C.', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985-86', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1985–86_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': 'Beginning in 1985-86 , the following rules changes were implemented :'}]}, {'value': 'Walter Berry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walter_Berry_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Walter Berry ( born May 14 , 1964 ) is an American former professional basketball player . After spending three seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , he had a very successful career in various leagues around Europe and the EuroLeague . Berry played the power forward position . Out of New York , Berry was originally nicknamed The Truth .'}]}, {'value': "St. John 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._John's_Red_Storm_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The St. John 's Red Storm men 's basketball team represents the St. John 's University in Queens , New York . The team participates in the Big East Conference . As of the end of the 2018-19 season , St. John 's has 1,900 total wins , which put them at # 6 on the List of teams with the most victories in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . Starting in the 2019-20 season , St. John 's will be coached by Mike Anderson ."}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_(state)', 'summary': "New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986-87', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1986–87_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1986-87 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1986 and ended with the Final Four in New Orleans , Louisiana on March 30 , 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'David Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': "David Maurice Robinson ( born August 6 , 1965 ) is an American former professional basketball player , who played center for the San Antonio Spurs in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for his entire career . Based on his prior service as an officer in the United States Navy , Robinson earned the nickname The Admiral . Robinson is a 10-time NBA All-Star , the 1995 NBA MVP , a two-time NBA Champion ( 1999 and 2003 ) , a two-time Olympic Gold Medal winner ( 1992 , 1996 ) , a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee ( 2009 for his individual career , 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ) , and a two-time U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame inductee ( 2008 individually , 2009 as a member of the 1992 Olympic team ) . He is widely considered one of the greatest centers in both college basketball and NBA history . To date , Robinson is the only player from the Naval Academy to play in the NBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Navy Midshipmen men 's basketball team represents the United States Naval Academy , in Annapolis , Maryland , in NCAA Division I college basketball . The team competes in the Patriot League and plays its home games in Alumni Hall . The U.S . Naval Academy began varsity intercollegiate competition in men 's basketball in the 1907-08 season . Navy was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA Tournament national champion for the 1912-13 and 1918-19 seasons by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll and for the 1912-13 season by the Helms Athletic Foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland', 'summary': "Maryland ( US : /ˈmɛrələnd/ ( listen ) MERR-ə-lənd ) [ a ] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States , bordering Virginia , West Virginia , and the District of Columbia to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east . The state 's largest city is Baltimore , and its capital is Annapolis . Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State , the Free State , and the Chesapeake Bay State . It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria , known in England as Queen Mary , who was the wife of King Charles I. Sixteen of Maryland 's twenty-three counties , as well as the city of Baltimore , border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries , which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline . Although one of the smallest states in the U.S. , it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature . In a similar vein , Maryland 's geography , culture , and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic , Northeastern , and South Atlantic regions of the country . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , mostly by the Algonquin , and to a lesser degree by the Iroquois and Sioux . As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain , Maryland was founded by George Calvert , a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England . In 1632 , Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter , naming the colony after his wife , Queen Mary ( Henrietta Maria of France ) . Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans , who rejected Catholicism in their settlements , Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration . Accordingly , in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion , which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation . Nevertheless , religious strife was common in the early years , and Catholics remained a minority , albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987-88', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987–88_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1987-88 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1987 and ended with the Final Four in Kansas City , Missouri on April 4 , 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Danny Manning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Manning', 'summary': "Daniel Ricardo Manning ( born May 17 , 1966 ) is an American college basketball coach and retired National Basketball Association player . He is the current men 's head coach at Wake Forest . Manning played high school basketball at Lawrence High School in Lawrence , Kansas , college basketball at The University of Kansas , and played in the NBA for 14 years . After retiring from professional basketball Manning became an assistant coach at his alma mater , the University of Kansas . He won the national championship with the Jayhawks in 1988 as a player , and again as an assistant in 2008 . He is the all-time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points . The next closest player to his point total is Nick Collison , who is 854 points behind Manning ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987–88_Kansas_Jayhawks_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1987-88 Kansas Jayhawks men 's basketball team represented the University of Kansas for the NCAA Division I men 's intercollegiate basketball season of 1987-1988 . The team won the 1987-1988 NCAA Division I men 's basketball championship , the second in the school 's history . They were led by Larry Brown in his fifth and final season as head coach . Their star player , Danny Manning , earned the team the nickname Danny and the Miracles because of the Jayhawks ' improbable tournament run after an 11-loss season , the most ever by a national champion . The team played its home games in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence , Kansas . In the last three games of the NCAA tournament , the Jayhawks avenged their three home losses to Kansas State , Duke , and Oklahoma ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas', 'summary': "Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States . Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita , with its most populated county and largest employment center being Johnson County . Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north ; Missouri on the east ; Oklahoma on the south ; and Colorado on the west . Kansas is named after the Kansas River , which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks . The tribe 's name ( natively kką : ze ) is often said to mean people of the ( south ) wind although this was probably not the term 's original meaning . For thousands of years , what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes . Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys . Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison . Kansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth . The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s , in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate . When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas-Nebraska Act , abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state . Thus , the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided , and was known as Bleeding Kansas ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-89', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1988–89_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1988-89 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1988 and ended with the Final Four at the Kingdome in Seattle , Washington on April 3 , 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sean_Elliott', 'summary': 'Sean Michael Elliott ( born February 2 , 1968 ) is an American former professional basketball player who starred at small forward in both the college and professional ranks . He attended the University of Arizona , where he had a standout career as a two-time All-American , winner of the 1989 John R. Wooden Award , the 1989 Adolph Rupp Trophy , the 1989 NABC Player of the Year , 1989 AP Player of the Year , and two time Pac-12 Player of the Year ( in 1988-1989 ) . He was the third pick of the 1989 NBA draft , was named to the 1990 NBA All-Rookie Second Team , was a two-time NBA All-Star , and earned an NBA championship in 1999 . His # 32 is retired by both the University of Arizona and the San Antonio Spurs .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1988–89_Arizona_Wildcats_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1988-89 Arizona Wildcats men 's basketball team represented the University of Arizona . The head coach was Lute Olson . The team played its home games in the McKale Center in Tucson , Arizona , and was a member of the Pacific-10 Conference . In the Pac-10 Basketball Tournament , Arizona beat Stanford by a score of 73-51 to claim its second consecutive Pac-10 title ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-90', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1989-90 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1989 and ended with the Final Four at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado on April 2 , 1990 . The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels won their first NCAA national championship with a 103-73 victory over the Duke Blue Devils ."}]}, {'value': 'Lionel Simmons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lionel_Simmons', 'summary': 'Lionel James L-Train Simmons ( born November 14 , 1968 ) is an American former professional basketball player .'}]}, {'value': 'La Salle ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_La_Salle_Explorers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1989-90 La Salle Explorers men 's basketball team represented La Salle University during the 1989-90 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . Led by fourth-year head coach Speedy Morris , the team established the single-season school record for wins with a 30-2 record ( 16-0 MAAC ) , including a 22-game win streak . National Player of the Year Lionel L-Train Simmons finished his collegiate career third in NCAA scoring with 3,217 points , and also accumulated 1,429 rebounds . He was the first player in NCAA history to score more than 3,000 points and grab more than 1,100 rebounds ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990-91', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1990-91 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1990 and ended with the Final Four at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis , Indiana on April 1 , 1991 . The Duke Blue Devils won their first NCAA national championship with a 72-65 victory over the Kansas Jayhawks ."}]}, {'value': 'Larry Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Johnson_(basketball,_born_1969)', 'summary': "Lawrence Demetric Johnson ( born March 14 , 1969 ) is an American retired basketball player who spent his professional career in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) with the Charlotte Hornets and New York Knicks . At an officially listed height of 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) tall , he played at the power forward position ."}]}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1990-91 UNLV Runnin ' Rebels basketball team represented the University of Nevada , Las Vegas in NCAA Division I men 's competition in the 1990-91 season . The Runnin ' Rebels , coached by Jerry Tarkanian , entered the season as defending national champions and entered the 1991 NCAA tournament unbeaten , but lost in the national semifinal to eventual champions Duke when Anderson Hunt 's desperation three in the final seconds bounced off the backboard and into the hands of a Duke player , Bobby Hurley , ending a 45-game winning streak that dated back to the previous season . They had been the last team to finish the regular season unbeaten before St. Joseph 's did it in 2004 . They were the last team to enter the NCAA tournament unbeaten until Wichita State did it in 2014 and Kentucky in 2015 . The team played its home games in the Thomas & Mack Center , and was a member of the Big West Conference ; it would join the Western Athletic Conference in 1996 and become a charter member of its current conference , the Mountain West Conference , in 1999 . The nickname Runnin ' Rebels is unique to men 's basketball at UNLV . The default nickname for men 's sports teams at the school is simply Rebels , while all women 's teams are known as Lady Rebels ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991–92_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1991-92 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1991 and ended with the Final Four at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis , Minnesota on April 6 , 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Christian Laettner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Laettner', 'summary': 'Christian Donald Laettner ( /ˈleɪtnər/ , LAYT-nər ; born August 17 , 1969 ) is a retired American basketball player whose Hall of Fame career for the Duke Blue Devils is widely regarded as one of the best in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) history . [ a ] He was the star player on the back-to-back National Championship teams of 1991 and 1992 , and the NCAA player of the year in his senior year . He is particularly famous for his game-winning shot against Kentucky in the 1992 tournament and for the hatred he received from opposing fans . Laettner was the only collegian selected for the elite Dream Team that dominated the 1992 Olympics ; the team is enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . He was drafted third overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves , then played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for six teams . The highlight was being selected for the 1997 All-Star Game while with the Atlanta Hawks .'}]}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's basketball team represents Duke University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The team is fourth all-time in wins of any NCAA men 's basketball program , and is coached by Mike Krzyzewski . Duke has won 5 NCAA Championships ( tied with Indiana for fourth all-time behind UCLA , Kentucky and North Carolina ) and appeared in 11 Championship Games ( third all-time ) and 16 Final Fours ( fourth all-time behind North Carolina , UCLA , and Kentucky ) , and has an NCAA-best .755 NCAA tournament winning percentage . Eleven Duke players have been named the National Player of the Year , and 71 players have been selected in the NBA Draft . Additionally , Duke has 36 players named All-Americans ( chosen 60 times ) and 14 Academic All-Americans . Duke has been the Atlantic Coast Conference Champions a record 21 times , and also lays claim to 19 ACC regular season titles . Prior to joining the ACC , Duke won the Southern Conference championships five times . Duke has also finished the season ranked No . 1 in the AP poll seven times and is the all-time leader in total weeks ranked as the number one team in the nation by the AP with 135 weeks . Additionally , the Blue Devils have the third longest streak in the AP Top 25 in history with 200 consecutive appearances from 1996 to 2007 , trailing only UCLA 's 221 consecutive polls from 1966 to 1980 , and Kansas 212 consecutive polls from 2009 to 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992-93', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1992–93_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1992-93 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1992 and ended with the Final Four at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels earned their third national championship by defeating the Michigan Wolverines 77-71 on April 5 , 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Calbert Cheaney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calbert_Cheaney', 'summary': "Calbert Nathaniel Cheaney ( born July 17 , 1971 ) is an American basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the College Park Skyhawks of the NBA G League . He starred as a player for the Indiana Hoosiers from 1989-93 under coach Bob Knight . Cheaney ended his career as a three-time All-American and remains the Big Ten 's all-time leading scorer with 2,613 career points . He led Indiana to a 105-27 record and the NCAA Tournament all four years , including a Final Four appearance in 1992 . At the conclusion of his collegiate basketball career Cheaney captured virtually every post-season honor available , including National Player of the Year ( winning both the Wooden and Naismith award ) , a unanimous All-American , and Big Ten Player of the Year . Cheaney spent 13 years in the NBA playing for five different teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Indiana Hoosiers men 's basketball team represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington , Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus . Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men 's basketball ( 1940 , 1953 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 ) - the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight . Indiana 's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men 's basketball champion . The Hoosiers are tied for sixth in NCAA Tournament appearances ( 39 ) , seventh in NCAA Tournament victories ( 66 ) , tied for eighth in Final Four appearances ( 8 ) , and 11th in overall victories . The Hoosiers have won 22 Big Ten Conference Championships and have the best winning percentage in conference games at nearly 60 percent . No team has had more All-Big Ten selections than the Hoosiers with 53 . The Hoosiers also rank seventh in all-time AP poll appearances ( 560 ) and sixth in the number of weeks spent ranked No . 1 ( 54 ) . Every four-year men 's basketball letterman since 1973 has earned a trip to the NCAA basketball tournament . Additionally , every four-year player since 1950 has played on a nationally ranked squad at Indiana . The Hoosiers are among the most storied programs in the history of college basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-94', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1993–94_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1993-94 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1994 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte , North Carolina . The Arkansas Razorbacks earned their first national championship by defeating the Duke Blue Devils 76-72 on April 4 , 1994 . They were coached by Nolan Richardson and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was Arkansas ' Corliss Williamson . In the 32-team 1994 National Invitation Tournament , the Villanova Wildcats defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Following the season , the 1994 NCAA Men 's Basketball All-American Consensus First team included Grant Hill , Jason Kidd , Donyell Marshall , Glenn Robinson , and Clifford Rozier ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenn Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenn_Robinson', 'summary': 'Glenn Alan Robinson Jr. ( born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Nicknamed Big Dog , he played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1994 to 2005 for the Milwaukee Bucks , Atlanta Hawks , Philadelphia 76ers , and San Antonio Spurs . Robinson attended Purdue University , was the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA draft , and is the father of Glenn Robinson III , who played college basketball at the University of Michigan and plays in the NBA with the Philadelphia 76ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers_men's_basketball", 'summary': 'The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference . Purdue basketball has the most Big Ten Championships with 24 . The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours . The 1931-32 team was retroactively named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll . Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA , including two overall No . 1 picks in the NBA draft . Purdue shares a traditional rivalry with in-state foe Indiana University , and leads the series 122-89 .'}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'SF / PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophomore', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Division I Players of the Year', 'section_text': 'Patrick Ewing is the only winner from Georgetown . Antawn Jamison won in 1997–98 . Adam Morrison shared the award as a junior in 2005–06 .', 'uid': 'NABC_Player_of_the_Year_0', 'intro': "The NABC Player of the Year is an award given annually by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) to recognize the top player in men's college basketball. The award has been given since the 1974-75 season to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players. The association added awards for Division II and Division III players in 1983, and for National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and junior college players in 2008. The awards have previously been sponsored by State Farm Insurance. In Division I, Duke has the most all-time winners with six. Their rival, North Carolina, as well as Kansas are tied for second with four winners. There have been three ties for NABC Player of the Year (2002, 2004, 2006), and only two players have won the award multiple times (Jay Williams and Ralph Sampson). In Division II, Virginia Union has four winners, the most all-time, and is followed by Kentucky Wesleyan which has three. Only one tie has occurred (2006), while three players have won the award more than once (Stan Gouard, Earl Jones, John Smith). In Division III, Potsdam State has the most all-time winners with three, while six other schools are tied for second with two winners apiece. There have been two ties (2007, 2010) and four repeat winners (Leroy Witherspoon, Andrew Olson, Aaron Walton-Moss and Joey Flannery). At the NAIA level, there is a distinction between NAIA Division I and NAIA Division II winners."}
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How many NCAA national titles did the university attended by Michael Jordan obtain ?
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six
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02af8f5bf0db36c2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Kansas_City_Chiefs_season', 'title': '2010 Kansas City Chiefs season', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'Status*', '2009 Team', '2010 Team'], 'data': [{'value': 'OG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Andy Alleman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andy_Alleman', 'summary': 'Andrew Andy Alleman ( born November 20 , 1983 ) is a former American football guard . He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 2007 NFL Draft . He played college football at The University of Akron . Alleman was also a member of the Miami Dolphins , Kansas City Chiefs and Indianapolis Colts .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs', 'summary': "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . ( It is not associated with the NFL Dallas Texans . ) In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City and assumed its current name . The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . The team is valued at over $ 2 billion . Hunt 's son , Clark , serves as chairman and CEO . While Hunt 's ownership stakes passed collectively to his widow and children after his death in 2006 , Clark is the operating head of the franchise ; he represents the Chiefs at all league meetings and has ultimate authority on personnel changes . The Chiefs have won three AFL championships , in 1962 , 1966 , and 1969 . They became the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to defeat an NFL team in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game , when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV . The team 's victory on January 11 , 1970 , was the final such competition before the leagues ' merger went into full effect ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts', 'summary': "The Indianapolis Colts are an American football team based in Indianapolis , Indiana . The Colts compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) South division . Since the 2008 season , the Colts have played their games in Lucas Oil Stadium . Previously , the team had played for over two decades ( 1984-2007 ) at the RCA Dome . Since 1987 , the Colts have been the host team for the NFL Scouting Combine . The Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in Baltimore in 1953 . They were one of three NFL teams to join those of the American Football League ( AFL ) to form the AFC following the 1970 merger . While in Baltimore , the team advanced to the playoffs 10 times and won three NFL Championship games in 1958 , 1959 , and 1968 . The Colts played in two Super Bowls while they were based in Baltimore , losing to the New York Jets in Super Bowl III and defeating the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl V. The Colts relocated to Indianapolis in 1984 and have since appeared in the playoffs 16 times , won two conference championships , and won one Super Bowl , in which they defeated the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI ."}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back_(American_football)', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Jackie Battle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackie_Battle', 'summary': 'Ewart Haron Jackie Battle III ( born on October 1 , 1983 ) is a former American football running back . He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys in 2007 . He played college football at the University of Houston . Battle also played for the Kansas City Chiefs , San Diego Chargers , and Tennessee Titans .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(American_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Mike Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Brown_(American_football)', 'summary': "Mike Brown ( born February 13 , 1978 ) is a former American football safety who played ten seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was selected with the eighth pick of the second round of the 2000 NFL Draft out of the University of Nebraska by the Chicago Bears . Brown was ranked # 49 in ESPN Chicago 's 50 Greatest Bears poll in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Chambers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Chambers', 'summary': 'Christopher J . Chambers ( born August 12 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who played ten seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the University of Wisconsin . He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft , and also played for the San Diego Chargers and Kansas City Chiefs .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terrance Copper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terrance_Copper', 'summary': 'Terrance Terrel Copper ( born March 12 , 1982 ) is a former American football wide receiver of the National Football League , who played for the Dallas Cowboys , New Orleans Saints , Baltimore Ravens and the Kansas City Chiefs . He played college football at East Carolina University .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(American_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'Mike Cox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Cox_(fullback)', 'summary': 'Michael Lawrence Cox ( born July 11 , 1985 ) is a former American football fullback . He played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets . He was undrafted in the 2008 NFL Draft , but signed as a free agent with the Kansas City Chiefs . Cox graduated from Red Land High School in 2004 . Undrafted in 2008 he began as the starting fullback job opening up in New England having two receptions . Cox paved the way for Jamaal Charles to rush for a 1,000 yards in 2009 and Cox scored his only NFL touchdown in the season finale against the Denver Broncos . The next year Cox Was the blocking full back for the chiefs to lead the NFL in rushing in 2010 . The chiefs went 10-6 and won the AFC West but lost in the wild card round to the Ravens . Cox was then released by Chiefs and he signed with the Atlanta Falcons in 2011 and appeared in 9 games with the team . He was cut in 2012 after the Falcons signed Lousaka Polite . On November 7 , 2012 , Cox re-signed with the Falcons after the team released Polite . Cox was with the Falcons the rest of 2012 through the playoffs starting the NFC championship game in a close defeat to the San Francisco 49ers , where Cox had his only carry as a falcon .'}]}, {'value': 'EFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Brodie Croyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brodie_Croyle', 'summary': "John Brodie Croyle ( /krɔɪl/ ; born February 6 , 1983 ) is a former American football quarterback . He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League ( NFL ) in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft . He played college football for the University of Alabama from 2002 to 2005 . Despite being hindered by knee injuries in his senior season in high school , Croyle was a highly recruited prospect by Louisiana State University , Florida State University , and the University of Alabama . On the night Croyle was ready to announce his decision to attend Florida State , he changed his mind and chose Alabama , his father 's alma mater , instead . In Croyle 's four years playing for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team , he set numerous school records , and was a finalist for the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award . Croyle led the Crimson Tide to the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic and was named the game 's offensive MVP . Though he saw little playing time in his rookie season in the NFL , Croyle shared the starting position with Damon Huard in 2007 . On November 18 , Croyle started his first game as the Chiefs ' starting quarterback against the Indianapolis Colts . Croyle remained the Chiefs ' starting quarterback for the remainder of the season despite losing all six games that he started . He was the incumbent starter heading into the 2008 regular season , but suffered a shoulder injury in the Chiefs ' first game . Croyle returned in Week 7 but suffered a torn MCL and was ruled out for the remainder of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Devard Darling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devard_Darling', 'summary': 'Devard Loran Darling ( born April 16 , 1982 ) is a former Bahamian-American wide receiver of American football . After playing college football at Florida State University and Washington State , he was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the third round of the 2004 NFL Draft and went on to play for the Kansas City Chiefs and Houston Texans .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Grimes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Grimes_(American_football)', 'summary': 'David Michael Grimes ( born December 31 , 1986 ) is a former American football wide receiver . Grimes played wide receiver for Notre Dame . He is currently assistant strength and conditioning coach at the University of Notre Dame .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denver_Broncos', 'summary': "The Denver Broncos are a professional American football franchise based in Denver , Colorado . The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League ( NFL ) 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . The team began play in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) and joined the NFL as part of the merger in 1970 . The Broncos are owned by the Pat Bowlen trust and currently play home games at Empower Field at Mile High ( formerly known as Invesco Field at Mile High from 2001-2010 , Sports Authority Field at Mile High from 2011-2017 , and Broncos Stadium at Mile High from 2018-2019 ) . Prior to that , they played at Mile High Stadium from 1960 to 2000 . The Broncos were barely competitive during their 10-year run in the AFL and their first seven years in the NFL . They did not have a winning season until 1973 . In 1977 , four years later , they qualified for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history and advanced to Super Bowl XII . Since 1975 , the Broncos have become one of the NFL 's most successful teams , having suffered only seven losing seasons . They have won eight AFC Championships ( 1977 , 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1997 , 1998 , 2013 , 2015 ) , and three Super Bowl championships ( 1997 ( XXXII ) , 1998 ( XXXIII ) , 2015 ( 50 ) ) , and share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses ( 5 - tied with the New England Patriots ) . Thirteen players who have played for Denver are enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame : John Elway , Floyd Little , Shannon Sharpe , Gary Zimmerman , Willie Brown , Tony Dorsett , Jerry Rice , Andre Reed , Terrell Davis , Brian Dawkins , Ty Law , Champ Bailey and Steve Atwater , along with late club owner Pat Bowlen ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Derrick Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derrick_Johnson', 'summary': 'Derrick OHara Johnson ( born November 22 , 1982 ) is a former American football linebacker . He played college football at the University of Texas at Austin , where he earned consensus All-American honors twice . He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs with the 15th overall selection in first round the 2005 NFL Draft . In his 13 seasons with the Chiefs , he made four Pro Bowls . He also played a season for the Oakland Raiders .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(American_football)', 'summary': "Thomas Jones ( born August 19 , 1978 ) is an American actor who performs as Thomas Q. Jones , and a former American football running back who played 12 seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the University of Virginia . He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals seventh overall in the 2000 NFL Draft , and played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in addition to the New York Jets , Chicago Bears and Kansas City Chiefs . He retired among the top 25 leading rushers in NFL history ( currently 26th , after LeSean McCoy passed him ) , and a member of the 10,000 rushing yards club . In September 2019 he was nominated for the Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 2020 . In 2013 , performing under the name Thomas Q. Jones , he began an acting career . Among his credits are 2015 's Straight Outta Compton , a starring role in A Violent Man , and a recurring role in the Luke Cage TV series ."}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Jets', 'summary': "The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team is headquartered in Florham Park , New Jersey . In a unique arrangement for the league , the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey with the New York Giants . The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets , LLC . The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York , an original member of the American Football League ( AFL ) ; later , the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 . The team began play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds . Under new ownership , the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984 . The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts , becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game . Since 1968 , the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times , and in the AFC Championship Game four times , most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010 . However , the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl , making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance , along with the New Orleans Saints and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Apart from the Cleveland Browns and the Detroit Lions , who have never reached the Super Bowl ( although both won NFL championships prior to 1966 ) , the Jets ' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Maurice Leggett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Leggett', 'summary': 'Maurice Lamar Leggett ( also known as Mo Leggett ) ( born October 2 , 1986 ) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent . He was previously a member of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He entered the NFL as an undrafted free agent in May 2008 . He played college football for Valdosta State University .'}]}, {'value': 'EFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Lilja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lilja', 'summary': 'Ryan Matthew Lilja ( born October 15 , 1981 ) is a former American football center and guard . He played college football at Kansas State , and signed with the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2004 , and later played with them from 2010 to 2012 . Lilja also played with the Indianapolis Colts from 2004 to 2009 , with whom he won Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corey Mays', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Mays', 'summary': 'Corey Lemard Mays ( born November 27 , 1983 , in Chicago , in the U.S. state of Illinois ) is a former American football linebacker . He was signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 2006 . He played college football at Notre Dame . Mays has also played for the Cincinnati Bengals and the Kansas City Chiefs . Corey is also a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Offensive_Tackle', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'Ikechuku Ndukwe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ikechuku_Ndukwe', 'summary': 'Ikechukwu Ike Ndukwe ( born July 17 , 1982 ) is a former NFL offensive lineman who played in the National Football League . He was signed by the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2005 . He played college football at Northwestern University . Ikechukwu Ndukwe also played for the Washington Redskins , Baltimore Ravens , Miami Dolphins , Kansas City Chiefs , New York Giants , and San Diego Chargers . He is the older brother of former NFL safety Chinedum Ndukwe .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(American_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Rudy Niswanger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Niswanger', 'summary': 'Rudolph Nelson Niswanger ( /ˈnaɪzwɒŋər/ NYZE-wong-ər ; born November 9 , 1982 ) is a former American football center . He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2006 . He played college football at Louisiana State .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ryan O'Callaghan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ryan_O'Callaghan", 'summary': "Ryan Thomas O'Callaghan ( born July 19 , 1983 ) is a former American football offensive tackle . He played college football at California and was drafted by the New England Patriots in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft . He also played for the Kansas City Chiefs . O'Callaghan is one of only a few openly gay former NFL players . He wrote about his life in his 2019 memoir , My Life on the Line : How the NFL Damn Near Killed Me and Ended Up Saving My Life ."}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jarrad Page', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jarrad_Page', 'summary': 'Jarrad Matthew Page ( born October 19 , 1984 ) is a former American football safety and professional baseball outfielder . He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL Draft and also played for the New England Patriots , Philadelphia Eagles and Minnesota Vikings . He played baseball for the San Francisco Giants organization . He played college football and college baseball at UCLA .'}]}, {'value': 'RFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry Richardson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_Richardson_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Barry Devon Richardson ( born May 15 , 1986 ) is a former American football offensive tackle . He was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL Draft . He played college football at Clemson .'}]}, {'value': 'EFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sean_Ryan_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Sean P. Ryan born March 27 , 1980 ) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys , New York Jets , Miami Dolphins , New Orleans Saints , San Francisco 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs . He was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Boston College .'}]}, {'value': 'UFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington Redskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Redskins', 'summary': 'The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover , Maryland ; its headquarters and training facility are at Inova Sports Performance Center at Redskins Park in Ashburn , Virginia and the Redskins Complex in Richmond , Virginia , respectively . The Redskins have played more than one thousand games since their founding 88 years ago in 1932 , and are one of only five franchises in the NFL to record over six hundred regular season and postseason wins , reaching that mark in 2015 . The Redskins have won five NFL Championships ( the latter three in Super Bowls ) , and have captured fourteen divisional titles and six conference championships . The Redskins were the first NFL franchise with an official marching band , the Redskins Band , and the first with a fight song , Hail to the Redskins . The team began play in Boston as the Braves in 1932 , and became the Redskins the following year . In 1937 , the team relocated to Washington , D.C. , where they have been based since . The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 NFL championship games , as well as Super Bowls XVII , XXII , and XXVI . They have been league runner-up six times , losing the 1936 , 1940 , 1943 , and 1945 title games , and Super Bowls VII and XVIII . With 24 postseason appearances , the Redskins have an overall postseason record of 23-18 . Their three Super Bowl wins are tied with the Oakland Raiders and Denver Broncos , behind the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots ( six each ) , San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys ( five each ) , and the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants ( four each ) .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Offseason -- Free Agency', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_Kansas_City_Chiefs_season_0', 'intro': "The 2010 Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise's 41st season in the National Football League, the 51st overall and the second under the head coach/general manager tandem of Todd Haley and Scott Pioli. The team improved on its 4-12 record from 2009, and won their first AFC West division title since 2003. In 2010, the Chiefs moved training camp to Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph, Missouri after spending the previous 19 summers in River Falls, Wisconsin."}
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What was the status of the player who was the 15th overall selection in first round the 2005 NFL Draft ?
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RFA
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02b162bf7d441bd3
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Campbell_Moore', 'title': 'Stephen Campbell Moore', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Network', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Byron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Byron_(film)', 'summary': 'Byron is a British television film based on the adult life of English poet Lord Byron . Written by Nick Dear and directed by Julian Farino , it features Jonny Lee Miller in the title role alongside Vanessa Redgrave who portrays Lady Melbourne . It was first aired by the BBC in two , 75 minute parts in September 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cam Hobhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Hobhouse,_1st_Baron_Broughton', 'summary': 'John Cam Hobhouse , 1st Baron Broughton , GCB , PC , FRS ( 27 June 1786 - 3 June 1869 ) , known as Sir John Hobhouse , Bt , from 1831 to 1851 , was an English politician and diarist .'}]}, {'value': 'BBC Two', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Two', 'summary': "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ."}]}, {'value': 'Two-part drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'He Knew He Was Right', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/He_Knew_He_Was_Right_(TV_serial)', 'summary': 'He Knew He Was Right is a 2004 BBC TV adaptation of the Anthony Trollope novel He Knew He Was Right . It was directed by Tom Vaughan from a screenplay by Andrew Davies , produced by Nigel Stafford-Clark and starred Oliver Dimsdale , Laura Fraser , and Bill Nighy . It was originally broadcast on the BBC in four hourly episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Hugh Stanbury', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_One', 'summary': "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ."}]}, {'value': 'Mini-series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wallis & Edward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wallis_&_Edward', 'summary': "Wallis & Edward ( in Canada also known as Her Royal Affair ) is a 2005 British television film , scripted by Sarah Williams , dramatising the events of the Edward VIII abdication crisis . It was billed as the first scripted account of the romance between Wallis Simpson and Edward VIII of the United Kingdom to view events from Wallis Simpson 's point of view . Joely Richardson played Wallis , and Steven Campbell Moore played Edward ."}]}, {'value': 'Edward VIII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_VIII', 'summary': "Edward VIII , later Prince Edward , Duke of Windsor ( Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David ; 23 June 1894 - 28 May 1972 ) , was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire , and Emperor of India , from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December of that year . Edward was born during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George V and Queen Mary . He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday , nine weeks after his father succeeded as king . As a young man , Edward served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father . While Prince of Wales , he engaged in a series of affairs that worried his father and the British Prime Minister , Stanley Baldwin . Edward became king on his father 's death . As king , he showed impatience with court protocol , and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions . Only months into his reign , he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing to Wallis Simpson , an American who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second . The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage , arguing a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was politically and socially unacceptable as a prospective queen consort . Additionally , such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward 's status as the titular head of the Church of England , which at the time disapproved of remarriage after divorce if a former spouse was still alive . Edward knew the Baldwin government would resign if the marriage went ahead , which could have forced a general election and would have ruined his status as a politically neutral constitutional monarch . When it became apparent he could not marry Wallis and remain on the throne , he abdicated ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hustle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hustle_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Hustle is a British television crime drama series starring Adrian Lester , Robert Glenister and Robert Vaughn . Created by Tony Jordan , it was produced by Kudos Film and Television , and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom . The show premiered on 24 February 2004 , and ran for eight series , with its final episode aired on 17 February 2012 . The show 's premise is on a group of con artists who specialise in long cons - extended forms of deceptive frauds that require greater commitment , but offer higher rewards than simple confidence tricks . The show 's most notable qualities are plots that involve behind-the-scenes action that the viewers are unaware of until near the end of an episode , along with fantasy scenes and occasional breaches of the fourth wall by the main actors . The show received favourable reviews from critics , and averaged around 6 million viewers within each series ."}]}, {'value': 'Quenton Cornfoot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series 3 , Episode 3 Ties That Bind Us', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Hustle_episodes', 'summary': 'Hustle is a British television drama series made by Kudos Film & Television for BBC One in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rough Crossings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rough_Crossings', 'summary': 'Rough Crossings : Britain , the Slaves and the American Revolution is a history book by Simon Schama . It was the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award winner for general nonfiction . A 2007 drama-documentary was based on it .'}]}, {'value': 'John Clarkson', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Sea Wolf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Humphrey Van Weyden', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mini-series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lark Rise to Candleford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lark_Rise_to_Candleford_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series , adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson 's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside , published between 1939 and 1943 . The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD in the UK . In the U.S. , the series began airing on select PBS stations in the spring of 2009 . A third series began airing in the UK on 10 January 2010 . The fourth and final series began on 9 January 2011 on BBC One and BBC One HD , and was filmed during August 2010 . It was announced on 22 January 2011 that the show would not be returning for a fifth series . The final series concluded on 13 February 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'James Delafield', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series 1 , Episode 8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lark_Rise_to_Candleford_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series , adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson 's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside , published between 1939 and 1943 . The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD in the UK . In the U.S. , the series began airing on select PBS stations in the spring of 2009 . A third series began airing in the UK on 10 January 2010 . The fourth and final series began on 9 January 2011 on BBC One and BBC One HD , and was filmed during August 2010 . It was announced on 22 January 2011 that the show would not be returning for a fifth series . The final series concluded on 13 February 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashes to Ashes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Ashes to Ashes is a British crime drama and police procedural drama television series , serving as the sequel to Life on Mars . The series began airing on BBC One in February 2008 . A second series began broadcasting in April 2009 . A third and final series was broadcast from 2 April to 21 May 2010 on BBC One and BBC HD .'}]}, {'value': 'Evan White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Ashes_to_Ashes_characters', 'summary': "This is a list of fictional characters that have appeared in BBC One 's science fiction/police procedural drama , Ashes to Ashes ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Ashes_to_Ashes_episodes', 'summary': 'Ashes to Ashes is a British science fiction/police procedural drama television series , serving as a spin-off from the original series , Life on Mars . The transmission dates given below refer to the original UK broadcast on BBC One .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Short Stay in Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Short_Stay_in_Switzerland', 'summary': 'A Short Stay in Switzerland is a 2009 British television film directed by Simon Curtis and written by Frank McGuinness . It stars Julie Walters , who won the International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Dr Anne Turner . It was produced by the BBC and was later released on DVD in regions 1 and 2 . It was also nominated for other numerous awards including the BAFTA Award for Best Single TV Drama and Best Actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Edward', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Hur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Hur_(miniseries)', 'summary': "Ben Hur is a TV miniseries that first aired in 2010 . Based on Lew Wallace 's 1880 novel , Ben-Hur : A Tale of the Christ , the series was produced by Alchemy Television Group in association with Drimtim Entertainment and Muse Entertainment in Montreal . It aired on Canada 's CBC network on April 4 , 2010 , and aired later in 2010 on ABC in the United States . Ben-Hur was directed by Steve Shill , and stars Kristin Kreuk , Ray Winstone , Art Malik , Hugh Bonneville and Joseph Morgan as Judah Ben-Hur . The film was written by Alan Sharp ."}]}, {'value': 'Messala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation', 'summary': "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pulse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Three', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Three', 'summary': "BBC Three was a British free-to-air television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation . Launched on 9 February 2003 as a replacement for BBC Choice , the service 's remit was to provide innovative programming to a target audience of viewers between 16 and 34 years old , leveraging technology as well as new talent . Unlike its commercial rivals , 90% of BBC Three 's output originated from the United Kingdom . 70% was original , covering all genres , including animation , comedy , current affairs , and drama . BBC Three had a unique 60 Seconds format for its news bulletins , adopted so that operation of the channel could be completely automated , without the complication of dealing with variable-length live news broadcasts . The former controller of the station , Zai Bennett , left to join Sky Atlantic in July 2014 , at which point BBC Three commissioner Sam Bickley became acting controller . Until March 2016 , the network broadcast on Freeview , digital cable , IPTV and Satellite television platforms , and was on-air from 7 pm to around 4 am each night to share terrestrial television bandwidth with CBBC . In March 2014 , as a result of a planned £100 million budget cut across the BBC , it was proposed that BBC Three be discontinued as an 'open ' television service , and be converted to an over-the-top Internet television service with a smaller programming budget and a focus on short-form productions . Despite significant public opposition , the proposal was provisionally approved by the BBC Trust in June 2015 , with a new consultation open until 30 September of that year . The TV channel ceased operations on 16 February 2016 , replaced by an online-only version ."}]}, {'value': 'Pilot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Just Henry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Just_Henry', 'summary': 'Just Henry is a 2011 television film based on the 2008 Costa Book Award novel , Just Henry by Michelle Magorian .'}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Dodge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ITV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'ITV is a British free-to-air television network with its headquarters in London . It was launched in 1955 as Independent Television , under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority ( ITA ) ( later the Independent Broadcasting Authority , after the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 , and currently Ofcom ) , to provide competition to BBC Television which had been established in 1932 . ITV is the oldest commercial network in the UK . Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 , its legal name has been Channel 3 , to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time , namely BBC 1 , BBC 2 and Channel 4 . In part , the number 3 was assigned because television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional ITV station would be on the third button , with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . ITV is a network of television companies that operate regional television services and also share programmes between each other to be shown on the entire network . In recent years , several of these companies have merged , so currently the fifteen regional franchises are in the hands of two companies . The ITV network is to be distinguished from ITV plc , the company that resulted from the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004 and which holds the Channel 3 broadcasting licences in England , Wales , southern Scotland , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland . With the exception of Northern Ireland , the ITV brand is the brand used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas . In Northern Ireland , ITV plc uses the brand name UTV . STV Group plc uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'TV film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Titanic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Titanic_(2012_miniseries)', 'summary': "Titanic is a four-part television miniseries and period drama written by Julian Fellowes . It is based on the passenger liner RMS Titanic , which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912 following a collision with an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . It was released in at least 86 countries in March and April 2012 for the disaster 's 100th anniversary , 15 April 2012 , one of two such productions . The other was Titanic : Blood and Steel ( April 2012 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Andrews', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Andrews', 'summary': 'Thomas Andrews Jr. ( 7 February 1873 - 15 April 1912 ) was a British businessman and shipbuilder . He was managing director and head of the drafting department of the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff in Belfast , Ireland . As the naval architect in charge of the plans for the ocean liner RMS Titanic , he was travelling on board the vessel during her transatlantic maiden voyage in 1912 . He perished along with more than 1,500 others when the ship sank after hitting an iceberg . If recovered , his body was never identified .'}]}, {'value': 'ITV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'ITV is a British free-to-air television network with its headquarters in London . It was launched in 1955 as Independent Television , under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority ( ITA ) ( later the Independent Broadcasting Authority , after the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 , and currently Ofcom ) , to provide competition to BBC Television which had been established in 1932 . ITV is the oldest commercial network in the UK . Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 , its legal name has been Channel 3 , to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time , namely BBC 1 , BBC 2 and Channel 4 . In part , the number 3 was assigned because television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional ITV station would be on the third button , with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . ITV is a network of television companies that operate regional television services and also share programmes between each other to be shown on the entire network . In recent years , several of these companies have merged , so currently the fifteen regional franchises are in the hands of two companies . The ITV network is to be distinguished from ITV plc , the company that resulted from the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004 and which holds the Channel 3 broadcasting licences in England , Wales , southern Scotland , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland . With the exception of Northern Ireland , the ITV brand is the brand used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas . In Northern Ireland , ITV plc uses the brand name UTV . STV Group plc uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Mini-series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony', 'summary': "The opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics took place on the evening of Friday 27 July 2012 in the Olympic Stadium , London . As mandated by the Olympic Charter , the proceedings combined the formal ceremonial opening of this international sporting event ( including welcoming speeches , hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes ) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation 's culture . The 2012 Games were formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II . The spectacle was entitled Isles of Wonder and directed by Academy Award-winning British film director Danny Boyle . Prior to London 2012 there had been considerable apprehension about Britain 's ability to stage an opening ceremony that could reach the standard set at the Beijing Summer Games of 2008 . The 2008 ceremony had been noted for its scale , extravagance and expense , hailed as the greatest ever , and had cost £65m . In contrast , London spent an estimated £27m ( out of £80m budgeted for its four ceremonies ) , which was nevertheless about twice the original budget . Nonetheless , the London opening ceremony was immediately seen as a tremendous success , widely praised as a masterpiece and a love letter to Britain . The ceremony began at 21:00 BST and lasted almost four hours . It was watched by an estimated worldwide television audience of 900 million , becoming the most-viewed Olympic opening ceremony in both the UK and US . The content had largely been kept secret before the performance , despite involving thousands of volunteers and two public rehearsals . The principal sections of the artistic display represented Britain 's Industrial Revolution , National Health Service , literary heritage , popular music and culture , and were noted for their vibrant storytelling and use of music ."}]}, {'value': 'Chariots of fire scene', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_One', 'summary': "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ."}]}, {'value': 'Televised Event', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunted', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunted_(2012_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Hunted is a 2012 British television drama series created and written by Frank Spotnitz and produced by Kudos and Big Light Productions for British broadcaster BBC , for its main channel BBC One and American premium cable broadcaster Cinemax . The series premiered on Thursday 4 October 2012 on BBC One and on Friday 19 October 2012 on Cinemax .'}]}, {'value': 'Stephen Turner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_One', 'summary': "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ."}]}, {'value': 'Mini Series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complicit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Complicit_(film)', 'summary': 'Complicit is a 2013 British television film , produced by Many Rivers Films for Channel 4 . It was directed by Niall MacCormick , written by Guy Hibbert , and produced by Jolyon Symonds and Kevin Toolis . David Oyelowo plays an MI5 officer who travels to Egypt to question a young man he believes is planning a terrorist attack using ricin .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Coveney', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Channel 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Channel_4', 'summary': 'Channel 4 is a British public-service free-to-air television network headquartered in Leeds , United Kingdom . The channel was established to provide a fourth television service to the United Kingdom in addition to the licence-funded BBC One and BBC Two , and the single commercial broadcasting network ITV . It began transmission on 2 November 1982 . Although largely commercially self-funded , it is ultimately publicly owned ; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority ( IBA ) , the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation , a public corporation of the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993 . In 2010 , Channel 4 extended service into Wales and became a UK-wide television channel .'}]}, {'value': 'TV film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wrong Mans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wrong_Mans_(UK_TV_series)', 'summary': "The Wrong Mans is a British BBC Television comedy drama series , co-produced with the American online television provider Hulu . It premiered on BBC Two on 24 September 2013 and in the United States on 11 November 2013 . Considered a critical and ratings success , it was co-created and written by Gavin & Stacey alumni James Corden and Mathew Baynton as an attempt to combine the situation comedy format with the intricate plotting and storytelling tropes of an action-adventure series . A two-part sequel series aired on BBC Two in the runup to Christmas 2014 , with Hulu broadcasting the same series in four parts on Christmas Eve . In 2018 , it was announced that an American remake of the show was being produced for Showtime by J. J. Abrams 's Bad Robot and BBC Studios . Although it was later announced that the pilot had been cancelled by Showtime ."}]}, {'value': 'Smoke', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Two', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Two', 'summary': "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ."}]}, {'value': 'Series 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Words of Everest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Mallory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mallory', 'summary': "George Herbert Leigh Mallory ( 18 June 1886 - 8 or 9 June 1924 ) :546-47 was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest , in the early 1920s . During the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition , Mallory and his climbing partner , Andrew Sandy Irvine , disappeared on the north-east ridge during their attempt to make the first ascent of the world 's highest mountain . The pair were last seen when they were about 800 vertical feet ( 245 m ) from the summit . Mallory 's ultimate fate was unknown for 75 years , until his body was discovered on 1 May 1999 by an expedition that had set out to search for the climbers ' remains . Whether Mallory and Irvine had reached the summit before they died remains a subject of speculation and continuing research ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC', 'summary': "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Our_Zoo', 'summary': 'Our Zoo is a British drama television series from BBC One , first broadcast on 3 September 2014 . The six-part series , written by Matt Charman and directed by Andy De Emmony , is about George Mottershead , his dreams of creating a cage-free zoo , his family and how their lives changed when they embarked on the creation of Chester Zoo .'}]}, {'value': 'Reverend Aaron Webb', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_One', 'summary': "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Go-Between', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Go-Between_(2015_film)', 'summary': 'The Go-Between is a 2015 British romantic drama film based on the 1953 novel The Go-Between by L. P. Hartley . It was filmed at Englefield House in Berkshire .'}]}, {'value': 'Viscount Hugh Trimingham', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_One', 'summary': "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ."}]}, {'value': 'TV film', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Credits -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Stephen_Campbell_Moore_2', 'intro': 'Stephen Campbell Moore (born Stephen Moore Thorpe; 30 November 1977) is an English actor, best known for his roles in the Alan Bennett play The History Boys and the film based on it.'}
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_courtesy_titles_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland', 'title': 'List of courtesy titles in the peerages of Britain and Ireland', 'header': ['Peer', 'Son', 'Grandson', 'Great-grandson'], 'data': [{'value': 'The Duke of Norfolk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Norfolk', 'summary': 'The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke in the peerage of England , and also , as Earl of Arundel , the premier earl . The Duke of Norfolk is , moreover , the Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England . The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex , although the title refers to the county of Norfolk . The current duke is Edward Fitzalan-Howard , 18th Duke of Norfolk . The dukes have historically been Catholic , a state of affairs known as recusancy in England . All past and present dukes have been descended from Edward I ( see Dukes of Norfolk family tree ) . The son of Thomas Howard , 3rd Duke of Norfolk , was Henry Howard , Earl of Surrey ; the earl was descended from both Edward I and Edward III .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl of Arundel *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Arundel', 'summary': "Earl of Arundel is a title of nobility in England , and the oldest extant in the English peerage . It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk , and is used ( along with the Earldom of Surrey ) by his heir apparent as a courtesy title . The earldom was created in 1138 or 1139 for the Norman baron William d'Aubigny . Its origin was the earlier grant by Henry I to his second wife Adeliza of the forfeited honour of Arundel , which included the castle and a large portion of Sussex . After his death she married William , who thus became master of the lands , and who from about the year 1141 is variously styled earl of Sussex , of Chichester , or of Arundel . His first known appearance as earl is at Christmas 1141 . Until the mid-13th century , the earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex , until this title fell into disuse . At about the same time , the earldom fell to the originally Breton FitzAlan Family , a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart Family , which later ruled Scotland and England . A tradition arose that the holder of Arundel Castle should automatically be Earl of Arundel , and this was formally confirmed by King Henry VI . An Act of Parliament in 1627 confirmed this designation , and retrospectively applied the earldom to the Lords of Arundel , some authorities holding that the earldom stretched back to the reign of Richard I ( specifically 1189 ) . However , this designation was not always followed . Some of the Lords of Arundel were never addressed as earl during their lifetime , but nevertheless are counted and numbered as earls here ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Maltravers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baron_Maltravers', 'summary': 'The title Baron Maltravers or Mautravers was created in the Peerage of England on 25 January and 23 October 1330 when John Maltravers was summoned to Parliament by writs directed Iohanni Mautravers Iuniori . The barony fell into abeyance among his granddaughters and coheirs , Joan and Eleanor , at his death on 16 February 1364 . At the death of Joan without issue , Eleanor became , according to modern doctrine , de jure Baroness Maltravers . The barony later became a subsidiary title of the Earl of Arundel and subsequently the Duke of Norfolk .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Somerset', 'summary': "Duke of Somerset , from the county of Somerset , is a title that has been created five times in the peerage of England . It is particularly associated with two families : the Beauforts , who held the title from the creation of 1448 , and the Seymours , from the creation of 1547 , in whose name the title is still held . The present dukedom is unique , in that the first holder of the title created it for himself in his capacity of Lord Protector of the Kingdom of England , using a power granted in the will of his nephew King Edward VI . The only subsidiary title of the duke of Somerset is Baron Seymour , which is used as a courtesy title by the eldest son and heir of the duke . This courtesy title is the lowest in rank of all heirs to dukedoms in the peerages of the British Isles , yet the holder 's precedence is higher than his title suggests , by virtue of the seniority of the Dukedom of Somerset ( the only more senior non-royal duke is the Duke of Norfolk ) . Several other titles have been held by the dukes of Somerset , but have become extinct . These include : Earl of Kendal ( created 1443 , extinct 1444 ) , Earl of Somerset ( created 1397 , forfeit 1461 ) , Marquess of Dorset ( created 1397 , degraded 1399 ; created 1442 , forfeit 1461 ) , Marquess of Somerset ( created 1397 , degraded 1399 ) , Earl of Dorset ( created 1441 , forfeit 1461 ) , Viscount Rochester ( created 1611 , extinct 1645 ) , Viscount Beauchamp of Hache ( created 1536 , forfeit 1552 ) , Earl of Hertford ( created 1537 , forfeit 1552 ; and created 1559 , extinct 1750 ) , Marquess of Hertford ( created 1640 , extinct 1675 ) , Baron Seymour of Trowbridge ( created 1641 , extinct 1750 ) , Baron Percy ( created 1722 , separated 1750 ) , Baron Cockermouth ( created 1749 , separated 1750 ) , Earl of Egremont ( created 1749 , separated 1750 ) , and Earl St. Maur ( created 1863 , extinct 1885 ) . The ducal seat is Bradley House in Maiden Bradley , west Wiltshire , with a secondary estate at Berry Pomeroy Castle , Totnes , Devon . The principal burial place for the Seymour family today is All Saints ' Church , Maiden Bradley , adjacent to Bradley House ; the church and the family cemetery can be reached from the grounds of Bradley House via private access ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Seymour*', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Richmond , Lennox and Gordon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond', 'summary': 'Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history . It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families . The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 [ a ] for Charles Lennox , the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman , Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille ; Charles Lennox was also made Duke of Lennox a month later . The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was furthermore created Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876 , meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms - plus , in pretence , the French Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère - more than any other person in the realm .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland , for Clan Stewart of Darnley . The Dukedom , named for the district of Lennox in Stirling , was first created in 1581 , and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox . The second Duke was made Duke of Richmond ; at his death , the dukedom of Richmond became extinct . The fourth Duke of Lennox was also created Duke of Richmond ; at the death of the sixth Duke , both the dukedoms became extinct . The Dukedom of Richmond and one month later that of Lennox were created in 1675 for Charles Lennox , an illegitimate son of Charles II . The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon in 1876 . Thus , the Duke holds four dukedoms ( including Aubigny-sur-Nère ) , more than any other person in the realm .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Gordon', 'summary': "The title Duke of Gordon has been created once in the Peerage of Scotland and again in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The Dukedom , named after the Clan Gordon , was first created for the 4th Marquess of Huntly , who on 3 November 1684 was created Duke of Gordon , Marquess of Huntly , Earl of Huntly and Enzie ( all three of which he already held by an older creation ) , Viscount of Inverness , and Lord Strathaven , Balmore , Auchindoun , Garthie and Kincardine . On 2 July 1784 , the 4th Duke was created Earl of Norwich , in the County of Norfolk , and Baron Gordon , of Huntley in the County of Gloucester , in the Peerage of Great Britain . The principal family seat was Gordon Castle . The Dukedom became extinct in 1836 , along with all the titles created in 1684 and 1784 . Most of the Gordon estates passed to the son of the 5th Duke 's eldest sister , the 5th Duke of Richmond , whose main seat was Goodwood House in Sussex . In 1876 his son , the 6th Duke of Richmond and Lennox , was created Duke of Gordon , of Gordon Castle in Scotland , and Earl of Kinrara , in the County of Inverness . Thus , the Duke holds four dukedoms ( including the titular Aubigny-sur-Nère ; see Duke of Aubigny ) , more than any other person in the realm . Aubigny is in the defunct Peerage of France and the central arms of the Duke are based on the original Jacobean ones for the Union of the Crowns , with the inherited but inactive English claims to the French throne also represented prominently ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl of March and Kinrara *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_March', 'summary': "Earl of March is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England . The title derived from the marches or borderlands between England and either Wales ( Welsh Marches ) or Scotland ( Scottish Marches ) , and it was held by several great feudal families which owned lands in those districts . Later , however , the title came to be granted as an honorary dignity , and ceased to carry any associated power in the marches . The Scottish earldom is extant in its own right , and it is held by James Charteris , 13th Earl of Wemyss and 9th Earl of March . The English earldom is today the main non-ducal subsidiary title of the Duke of Richmond . The current duke 's eldest son , named Charles like his father , enjoys it as a courtesy title ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Settrington', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Grafton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Grafton', 'summary': "Duke of Grafton is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created in 1675 by Charles II of England for Henry FitzRoy , his second illegitimate son by the Duchess of Cleveland . The most famous duke was probably Augustus FitzRoy , 3rd Duke of Grafton , who served as prime minister in the 1760s . The duke of Grafton holds three subsidiary titles , all created in 1675 in the peerage of England : Earl of Euston , Viscount Ipswich , and Baron Sudbury . Between 1723 and 1936 the dukes , being descended from the 1st Duke 's wife Isabella FitzRoy , 2nd Countess of Arlington , also held the titles Earl of Arlington , Viscount Thetford and Baron Arlington . Those titles fell into abeyance between the 9th Duke 's sisters , with the abeyance of the barony of Arlington being ended in 1999 . The title of the dukedom refers to the Honour of Grafton in the southeast of Northamptonshire , the titular village now being called Grafton Regis . The family seat is Euston Hall in Suffolk , an 11,000-acre estate straddling the Norfolk-Suffolk border . The duke of Grafton is fourth in the order of precedence after the dukes of Norfolk , Somerset , and Richmond ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl of Euston*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Ipswich', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Beaufort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Beaufort', 'summary': "Duke of Beaufort , a title in the Peerage of England , was created by Charles II in 1682 for Henry Somerset , 3rd Marquess of Worcester , a descendant of Charles Somerset , 1st Earl of Worcester , legitimized son of Henry Beaufort , 3rd Duke of Somerset , a Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses . The name Beaufort refers to a castle in Champagne , France ( now Montmorency-Beaufort ) . It is the only current dukedom to take its name from a place outside the British Isles . [ citation needed ] The Dukes of Beaufort descend in the male line from the House of Plantagenet through John of Gaunt , son of Edward III . This statement was challenged after the analysis of the Y chromosomal DNA of the remains of Richard III . Most living male heirs of the 5th Duke of Beaufort were found to carry a relatively common Y chromosome type , which is different from the rare lineage found in Richard III 's remains . The instance of false paternity could have occurred anywhere in the numerous generations separating Richard III from the 5th Duke of Beaufort . The break also could have occurred with Richard III 's grandfather Richard of Conisburgh , whose paternity has been called into question although he was acknowledged by his father . The Beaufort Castle was in possession of John of Gaunt , and the surname Beaufort was given to Gaunt 's four legitimised children by his mistress and third wife , Katherine Swynford . This was the foundation of the House of Beaufort , Dukes of Somerset . A descendant of the Beauforts through his mother was Henry VII of England . Charles Somerset , 1st Earl of Worcester , KG ( c. 1460 - 15 March 1526 ) , was the bastard son of Henry Beaufort , 3rd Duke of Somerset by his mistress Joan Hill ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Worcester*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Glamorgan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Grosmont', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of St Albans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_St_Albans', 'summary': "Duke of St Albans is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created in 1684 for Charles Beauclerk , 1st Earl of Burford , then fourteen years old . King Charles II had accepted that Burford was his illegitimate son by Eleanor Gwynn ( commonly known as 'Nell ' ) , an actress , and awarded him the Dukedom just as he had awarded the Dukedoms of Monmouth , Southampton , Grafton , Northumberland and Richmond and Lennox on his other illegitimate sons . The subsidiary titles of the Duke are : Earl of Burford , in the County of Oxford ( 1676 ) , Baron Heddington , in the County of Oxford ( 1676 ) and Baron Vere , of Hanworth in the County of Middlesex ( 1750 ) . The Earldom and the Barony of Heddington are in the Peerage of England , and the Barony of Vere is in the Peerage of Great Britain . The Dukes of St Albans also bear the hereditary title of Grand Falconer of England , and Hereditary Registrar of the Court of Chancery . The eldest son and heir of the Duke of St Albans is known by the courtesy title Earl of Burford , and Lord Burford 's eldest son and heir is known as Lord Vere . Recent Dukes of St Albans have not held a landed estate . Former seats of the Dukes of St Albans were Bestwood Lodge in Nottinghamshire , now a hotel , and Upper Gatton Park in Surrey . The accepted pronunciation of the family surname Beauclerk is reflected in the original alternative rendering Beauclaire : boh-clair ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl of Burford*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Vere*', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Bedford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Bedford', 'summary': "Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Tavistock*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Howland', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Devonshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Devonshire', 'summary': 'Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family . This ( now the senior ) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Hartington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Burlington *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Burlington', 'summary': "Earl of Burlington is a title that has been created twice , the first time in the Peerage of England in 1664 and the second in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1831 . Since 1858 , Earl of Burlington has been a courtesy title used by the Dukes of Devonshire , traditionally borne by the duke 's grandson , who is the eldest son of the duke 's eldest son , the Marquess of Hartington ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Cavendish*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Marlborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Marlborough_(title)', 'summary': 'Duke of Marlborough ( locally /ˈmɔːrlbərə/ ( listen ) MORL-bər-ə ) is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created by Queen Anne in 1702 for John Churchill , 1st Earl of Marlborough ( 1650-1722 ) , the noted military leader . In historical texts , it is often to him that an unqualified use of the title refers . The name of the dukedom refers to Marlborough in Wiltshire . The earldom of Marlborough was held by the family of Ley from its creation 1626 until its extinction with the death of the 4th earl in 1679 . The title was recreated 10 years later for John Churchill ( in 1689 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Blandford*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Sunderland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Sunderland', 'summary': "Earl of Sunderland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England . The first creation came in 1627 in favour of Emanuel Scrope , 12th Baron Scrope of Bolton . The earldom became extinct on his death in 1630 while the barony became either extinct or dormant ( see Baron Scrope of Bolton for more information on this title ) . The second creation came in 1643 in favour of the Royalist soldier Henry Spencer , 3rd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton . The Spencer family descended from Sir John Spencer ( d. 1522 ) who acquired the Wormleighton estate in Warwickshire and the Althorp estate in Northamptonshire . His grandson Sir John Spencer ( d. 1586 ) was a Knight of the Shire for Northamptonshire . The latter 's grandson Sir Robert Spencer represented Brackley in Parliament in the late 16th century . In 1603 Sir Robert was raised to the Peerage of England as Baron Spencer of Wormleighton . He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son , William , the second Baron . He had previously represented Northamptonshire in Parliament . His eldest son was the aforementioned third Baron . In July 1643 he was created Earl of Sunderland in the Peerage of England ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Churchill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Rutland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Rutland', 'summary': "Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England , named for Rutland , a county in the East Midlands of England . Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times ; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703 , in whose family 's line the title continues . The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy style/title of the Marquis/Marquess of Granby ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Granby*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Haddon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Hamilton and Brandon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Hamilton', 'summary': "Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland , created in 1643 . It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage ( except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign 's eldest son ) , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland , as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas . The title , the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire , and many places around the world are named after members of the Hamilton family . The Ducal family 's surname , originally Hamilton , is now Douglas-Hamilton . Since 1711 , the Dukedom has been held together with the Dukedom of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain , and the Dukes since that time have been styled Duke of Hamilton and Brandon , along with several other subsidiary titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Angus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Angus', 'summary': "The Mormaer or Earl of Angus was the ruler of the medieval Scottish province of Angus . The title , in the Peerage of Scotland , is held by the Duke of Hamilton , and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the Duke 's eldest son ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Abernethy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Buccleuch', 'summary': "The title Duke of Buccleuch /bəˈkluː/ , formerly also spelt Duke of Buccleugh , is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created twice on 20 April 1663 , first for James Scott , 1st Duke of Monmouth and second suo jure for his wife Anne Scott , 4th Countess of Buccleuch . Monmouth , the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II was attainted after his 1685 rebellion , but his wife 's title was unaffected and passed on to their descendants , who have successively borne the surnames Scott , Montagu-Scott , Montagu Douglas Scott and Scott again . In 1810 , the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch inherited the Dukedom of Queensberry , also in the Peerage of Scotland , thus separating that title from the Marquessate of Queensberry . The substantial origin of the ducal house of the Scotts of Buccleuch dates back to the large grants of lands in Scotland to Sir Walter Scott of Kirkurd and Buccleuch , a border chief , by James II , in consequence of the fall of William Douglas , 8th Earl of Douglas ( 1452 ) , but the family traced their descent back to a Sir Richard le Scott ( 1240-1285 ) . Sir Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch ( died 1552 ) distinguished himself at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh ( 1547 ) . His great-grandson Sir Walter was created Lord Scott of Buccleuch in 1606 . Other subsidiary titles associated with the Dukedom of Buccleuch are : Earl of Buccleuch ( 1619 ) , Earl of Dalkeith ( 1663 ) and Lord Scott of Whitchester and Eskdaill ( 1619 ) ( all in the Peerage of Scotland ) . The Duke also holds the two subsidiary titles of the attainted Dukedom of Monmouth , namely Earl of Doncaster ( 1663 ) and Baron Scott of Tindale ( 1663 ) ( both in the Peerage of England ) , and several subsidiary titles associated with the Dukedom of Queensberry , namely Marquess of Dumfriesshire ( 1683 ) , Earl of Drumlanrig and Sanquhar ( 1682 ) , Viscount of Nith , Tortholwald and Ross ( 1682 ) and Lord Douglas of Kilmount , Middlebie and Dornock ( 1682 ) ( all in the Peerage of Scotland ) . The Earldom of Doncaster and Barony of Scott of Tindale had been forfeit at the time of the first Duke 's attainder , but the titles were restored to the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch in 1742 . Until 1835 , the Dukes also held lands in the West Riding of Yorkshire and the ancient title of Lord of Bowland . The Duke of Buccleuch is the hereditary chief of Clan Scott . The holder is one of only five people in the UK to hold two or more different dukedoms , the others being the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay , the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon , the Duke of Argyll ( who holds two dukedoms named Argyll ) , and the Duke of Richmond , Lennox and Gordon ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Queensberry', 'summary': 'The title Duke of Queensberry was created in the Peerage of Scotland on 3 February 1684 along with the subsidiary title Marquess of Dumfriesshire for the 1st Marquess of Queensberry . The Dukedom was held along with the Marquessate of Queensberry until the death of the 4th Duke ( and 5th Marquess ) in 1810 , when the Marquessate was inherited by Sir Charles Douglas of Kelhead , 5th Baronet , while the Dukedom was inherited by the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch . Since then the title of Duke of Queensberry has been held by the Dukes of Buccleuch .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl of Dalkeith*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Eskdaill', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Argyll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Argyll', 'summary': 'Duke of Argyll ( Scottish Gaelic : Diùc Earra-Ghàidheil ) is a title , created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892 . The Earls , Marquesses , and Dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful noble families in Scotland . As such , they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th , 17th , and 18th centuries . The Duke of Argyll also holds the hereditary titles of chief of Clan Campbell and Master of the Household of Scotland . Since 2001 , Torquhil Campbell has been Duke of Argyll and is the thirteenth man to hold the title .'}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Lorne*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Campbell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Lochaw', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Atholl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Atholl', 'summary': "Duke of Atholl , alternatively Duke of Athole , named after Atholl in Scotland , is a title in the Peerage of Scotland held by the head of Clan Murray . It was created by Queen Anne in 1703 for John Murray , 2nd Marquess of Atholl , with a special remainder to the heir male of his father , the 1st Marquess . As of 2017 [ update ] , there were twelve subsidiary titles attached to the dukedom : Lord Murray of Tullibardine ( 1604 ) , Lord Murray , Gask and Balquhidder ( 1628 ) , Lord Murray , Balvany and Gask ( 1676 ) , Lord Murray , Balvenie and Gask , in the County of Perth ( 1703 ) , Viscount of Balquhidder ( 1676 ) , Viscount of Balquhidder , Glenalmond and Glenlyon , in the County of Perth ( 1703 ) , Earl of Atholl ( 1629 ) , Earl of Tullibardine ( 1628 ) , Earl of Tullibardine ( 1676 ) , Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle , in the County of Perth ( 1703 ) , Marquess of Atholl ( 1676 ) and Marquess of Tullibardine , in the County of Perth ( 1703 ) . These titles are also in the Peerage of Scotland . The dukes have also previously held the following titles : Baron Strange ( Peerage of England 1628 ) between 1736 and 1764 and 1805 and 1957 ; Baron Murray , of Stanley in the County of Gloucester , and Earl Strange ( Peerage of Great Britain 1786 ) between 1786 and 1957 , Baron Glenlyon , of Glenlyon in the County of Perth ( Peerage of the United Kingdom 1821 ) between 1846 and 1957 and Baron Percy ( Peerage of Great Britain 1722 ) between 1865 and 1957 . From 1786 to 1957 the Dukes of Atholl sat in the House of Lords as Earl Strange . The Duke 's eldest son and heir apparent uses the courtesy title Marquess of Tullibardine . The heir apparent to Lord Tullibardine uses the courtesy title Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle ( usually shortened to Earl of Strathtay ) . Lord Strathtay 's heir apparent uses the courtesy title Viscount Balquhidder . The Duke of Atholl is the hereditary chief of Clan Murray ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Tullibardine*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Strathtay', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Balquhidder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Montrose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Montrose', 'summary': "Duke of Montrose ( named after Montrose , Angus ) is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Scotland . The first creation was in 1488 for David Lindsay , 5th Earl of Crawford . He was forced to forfeit the dukedom later in 1488 , but it was restored to him in 1489 , although only for his lifetime . Thus , it was not inherited . The title was created anew in 1707 , again in the Peerage of Scotland , for James Graham , 4th Marquess of Montrose . It has remained since then in the Graham family , and the title is also tied to the chieftainship of Clan Graham . The Duke 's subsidiary titles are : Marquess of Montrose ( created 1644 ) , Marquess of Graham and Buchanan ( 1707 ) , Earl of Montrose ( 1503 ) , Earl of Kincardine ( 1644 ) , Earl Graham ( 1722 ) , Viscount Dundaff ( 1707 ) , Lord Graham ( 1445 ) , Lord Graham and Mugdock ( 1644 ) , Lord Aberruthven , Mugdock and Fintrie ( 1707 ) and Baron Graham , of Belford ( 1722 ) . The titles of Earl Graham and Baron Graham are in the Peerage of Great Britain ; the rest are in the Peerage of Scotland . The eldest son of the Duke uses the courtesy title of Marquess of Graham and Buchanan . The family seat is Auchmar House , near Loch Lomond , Stirlingshire . It was previously Buchanan Castle , near Drymen , Stirlingshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Graham*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Kincardine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Kincardine', 'summary': 'The title Earl of Kincardine was created in 1647 in the Peerage of Scotland for Edward Bruce . Charles Bruce , the ninth Earl of Kincardine , inherited the title Earl of Elgin in 1747 , and the Earldoms of Elgin and Kincardine have remained united since .'}]}, {'value': 'Viscount Dundaff', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Roxburghe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Roxburghe', 'summary': "The Duke of Roxburghe ( /ˈrɒksbərə/ ) is a title in the peerage of Scotland created in 1707 along with the titles Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford , Earl of Kelso and Viscount Broxmouth . John Ker , 5th Earl of Roxburghe became the first holder of these titles . The title is derived from the royal burgh of Roxburgh in the Scottish Borders that in 1460 the Scots captured and destroyed . Originally created Earl of Roxburghe in 1616 , before the elevation to duke , a number of other subsidiary titles are held : Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford ( created 1707 ) , Earl of Kelso ( 1707 ) , Earl Innes ( 1837 ) , Viscount Broxmouth ( 1707 ) , Lord Roxburghe ( 1600 ) , and Lord Ker of Cessford and Cavertoun ( 1616 ) . All of the titles form part of the peerage of Scotland , with the exception the Earldom of Innes , which belongs to the peerage of the United Kingdom . The Duke 's eldest son bears the courtesy title of Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford . The dukedom and its associated titles descend to heirs who shall inherit the earldom which in turn had a very specific line of descent . On the death of the 4th duke the titles became dormant as no one could prove their claim . In 1812 the House of Lords ruled in favour of Sir James Innes-Ker , 6th Baronet , of Innes ( see Innes baronets ) , rejecting claims by the heir female of the second earl and heir male whatsoever of the first earl . The Duke of Roxburghe would be the Chief of Clan Innes , but can not be so recognised as he retains the name Innes-Ker . The family has its seat at Floors Castle near Kelso , Scotland . The grounds contain the ruins of Roxburgh Castle on a promontory between the rivers Tweed and Teviot ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Kelso', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Broxmouth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Manchester', 'summary': 'Duke of Manchester is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain , and the current senior title of the House of Montagu . It was created in 1719 for the politician Charles Montagu , 4th Earl of Manchester .'}]}, {'value': 'Viscount Mandeville', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Kimbolton', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Northumberland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Northumberland', 'summary': 'Duke of Northumberland is a noble title that has been created three times in English and British history , twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain . The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy , 12th Duke of Northumberland .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl Percy*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lord Lovaine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baron_Lovaine', 'summary': "Earl of Beverley , in the County of York , is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain , held by the Duke of Northumberland since 1865 . It was created in 1790 for Algernon Percy , 2nd Baron Lovaine . He was the second son of Hugh Percy , 1st Duke of Northumberland . The title of Baron Lovaine , of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland , had been created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1784 for the first Duke of Northumberland , with a special remainder to his second son , the aforementioned Algernon , who succeeded in the barony on his father 's death in 1786 . Lord Beverley was succeeded by his son , George , the 2nd Earl , who in 1865 inherited the dukedom of Northumberland from his cousin , the 4th Duke . All three titles have remained united since . The Honourable Algernon Percy , second son of the first Earl , was a minor diplomat . The Right Reverend the Honourable Hugh Percy , third son of the first Earl , was Bishop of Rochester and of Carlisle . The Honourable Josceline Percy , fourth son of the first Earl , was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy . The Honourable William Henry Percy , sixth son of the first Earl , was a naval officer and politician ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Leinster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Leinster', 'summary': "Duke of Leinster ( /ˈlɪnstər/ ; Irish : Diúc Laighean ) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Leinster are : Marquess of Kildare ( 1761 ) , Earl of Kildare ( 1316 ) , Earl of Offaly ( 1761 ) , Viscount Leinster , of Taplow in the County of Buckingham ( 1747 ) , Baron Offaly ( 1620 ) and Baron Kildare , of Kildare in the County of Kildare ( 1870 ) . The viscounty of Leinster is in the Peerage of Great Britain , the barony of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom , and all other titles in the Peerage of Ireland . The courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Leinster is Marquess of Kildare . General The 3rd Duke of Schomberg , K.G . ( 1641-1719 ) , was created The 1st Duke of Leinster in 1691 . However , that creation became extinct upon Schomberg 's death in July 1719 . The family seat of the current Duke of Leinster is now Oakley Park , near Abingdon , Oxfordshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Kildare', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Offaly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viscount Leinster', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duke of Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington_(title)', 'summary': "Duke of Wellington is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The name derived from Wellington in Somerset , and the title was created in 1814 for Arthur Wellesley , 1st Marquess of Wellington ( 1769-1852 ; born as The Hon . Arthur Wesley ) , the Anglo-Irish military commander who is best known for leading the decisive victory with Field Marshal von Blücher over Napoleon 's forces at Waterloo in Brabant ( now Walloon Brabant , Belgium ) . Wellesley later served twice as British prime minister . The first Duke 's father , Garret Wesley , had been granted the title of Earl of Mornington in 1760 . His male-line ancestors were wealthy agricultural and urban landowners in both countries , among the Anglo-Irish Protestant Ascendancy . The dukedom has descended to heirs male of the body , along with eleven other hereditary titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Marquess of Douro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl of Mornington *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_of_Mornington', 'summary': 'Earl of Mornington is a title in the Peerage of Ireland . It was created in 1760 for the Anglo-Irish politician and composer Garret Wellesley , 2nd Baron Mornington . On the death of the fifth earl in 1863 it passed to the Duke of Wellington .'}]}, {'value': 'Viscount Wellesley*', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Courtesy titles for heirs of dukes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_courtesy_titles_in_the_peerages_of_Britain_and_Ireland_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of courtesy titles used for the heirs of currently extant titles in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Asterisks denote courtesy titles currently used by living heirs.'}
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Who is the grandfather of the man with the title created in 1664 ?
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Duke of Devonshire
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02b4da79d7044045
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fentress_County,_Tennessee', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Fentress County, Tennessee', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allardt Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 29 , 1991 ( # 91001593 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of State Route 52 and Base Line Rd . 36°22′46″N 84°52′31″W / 36.379444°N 84.875278°W / 36.379444 ; -84.875278 ( Allardt Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_52', 'summary': 'State Route 52 ( SR 52 ) is an east-west state highway that crosses eight counties in northern and northeastern Tennessee . The 144.5-mile-long ( 232.6 km ) route originates in Orlinda along SR 49 and ends in Elgin along U.S. Route 27 ( US 27 ) . SR 52 is mostly a primary route , but becomes secondary west of I-65 . Between Celina and Livingston it is part of Corridor J of the Appalachian Development Highway System .'}]}, {'value': 'Allardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Allardt is a city in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 634 at the 2010 census . The current mayor Ms. Patricia ( Pat ) Brown Clark was elected in 2018 . There are 3 city council board members , Chris Crabtree , Thomas Potter , and Michael Wiley .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allardt Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': 'Allardt Presbyterian Church ( also known as the First Presbyterian Church ) is a historic church on Tennessee State Route 52 ( Pennsylvania Avenue ) in Allardt , Tennessee . It is affiliated with the Presbytery of Middle Tennessee and Presbyterian Church ( USA ) . The Gothic Revival church building was constructed in 1903 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 3 , 1991 ( # 91000818 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 52 36°22′55″N 84°53′03″W / 36.381944°N 84.884167°W / 36.381944 ; -84.884167 ( Allardt Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_52', 'summary': 'State Route 52 ( SR 52 ) is an east-west state highway that crosses eight counties in northern and northeastern Tennessee . The 144.5-mile-long ( 232.6 km ) route originates in Orlinda along SR 49 and ends in Elgin along U.S. Route 27 ( US 27 ) . SR 52 is mostly a primary route , but becomes secondary west of I-65 . Between Celina and Livingston it is part of Corridor J of the Appalachian Development Highway System .'}]}, {'value': 'Allardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Allardt is a city in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 634 at the 2010 census . The current mayor Ms. Patricia ( Pat ) Brown Clark was elected in 2018 . There are 3 city council board members , Chris Crabtree , Thomas Potter , and Michael Wiley .'}]}, {'value': 'Carpenter Gothic-style church', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Beaty General Merchandise Store', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 18 , 2013 ( # 13000947 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5004 Alvin York Hwy . 36°16′01″N 84°59′05″W / 36.26691°N 84.98478°W / 36.26691 ; -84.98478 ( James Beaty General Merchandise Store )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grimsley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grimsley,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Grimsley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 1,167 as of the 2010 census . Its ZIP code is 38565 .'}]}, {'value': 'General store built in 1924', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davidson School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 7 , 1993 ( # 92001739 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 85 36°16′42″N 85°06′16″W / 36.278333°N 85.104444°W / 36.278333 ; -85.104444 ( Davidson School )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_85', 'summary': 'State Route 85 ( SR 85 ) is an east-west state highway in Middle Tennessee . The 85.24 miles ( 137.18 km ) -long road traverses portions of Smith , Jackson , Overton , and Fentress Counties .'}]}, {'value': 'Davidson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Built in 1909 to serve the remote Davidson mining community', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forbus Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forbus,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Forbus is an unincorporated community located on U.S. Route 127 in Fentress County , Tennessee . Considered a crossroads community , it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district called the Forbus Historic District . In 1991 it consisted of a general store , one house , and some outbuildings . Early names for the community were Blue Rock and Gatewood . In the mid-19th century , the community was briefly home to a school known as the Van Buren Institute . Coal was mined in the area as early as the 19th century . In the early decades of the 20th century , the local economy was based on lumbering , barite mining , and farming . In the 1930s , the community supported a grade school with 84 pupils and 3 teachers , a high school , a weekly newspaper , and two churches . The Forbus General Store was built by W. M. Johnson in 1892 , and was operated by Johnson until his death in 1941 . At one time , the store included a gas-powered gristmill , a blacksmith shop , and several granaries , but only the store stands today . The store purchased produce and furs from local residents , and at one point had a contract to supply locally grown apples to a Pennsylvania brandy maker . The store in turn sold hardware , clothing , fertilizer and feed , school textbooks , guns , furniture , and caskets .'}]}, {'value': 'July 3 , 1991 ( # 91000821 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 28 ( U.S. Route 127 ) west of Pall Mall 36°33′54″N 85°00′42″W / 36.565°N 85.011667°W / 36.565 ; -85.011667 ( Forbus Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_28', 'summary': 'State Route 28 ( SR 28 ) is a state highway in the state of Tennessee , traversing the state in a north-south axis from south of Jasper to the Kentucky state line at Static .'}, {'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_127', 'summary': "U.S. Route 127 ( US 127 ) is a 758-mile-long ( 1,220 km ) north-south U.S. Highway in the eastern half of the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at US 27 in Chattanooga , Tennessee . The northern terminus is at Interstate 75 ( I-75 ) near Grayling , Michigan . Since 1987 , it has been the core of the annual World 's Longest Yard Sale , also known as the Highway 127 Corridor Sale ( 127 Yard Sale ) , which now stretches 690 miles ( 1,110 km ) from Addison , Michigan , to Gadsden , Alabama . The sale , held every August , was started to demonstrate that the older U.S. Highway System has something to offer that the Interstate Highway System does not . In Michigan , US 127 tripled in length in 2002 at the expense of its parent , US 27 ."}]}, {'value': 'Forbus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forbus,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Forbus is an unincorporated community located on U.S. Route 127 in Fentress County , Tennessee . Considered a crossroads community , it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district called the Forbus Historic District . In 1991 it consisted of a general store , one house , and some outbuildings . Early names for the community were Blue Rock and Gatewood . In the mid-19th century , the community was briefly home to a school known as the Van Buren Institute . Coal was mined in the area as early as the 19th century . In the early decades of the 20th century , the local economy was based on lumbering , barite mining , and farming . In the 1930s , the community supported a grade school with 84 pupils and 3 teachers , a high school , a weekly newspaper , and two churches . The Forbus General Store was built by W. M. Johnson in 1892 , and was operated by Johnson until his death in 1941 . At one time , the store included a gas-powered gristmill , a blacksmith shop , and several granaries , but only the store stands today . The store purchased produce and furs from local residents , and at one point had a contract to supply locally grown apples to a Pennsylvania brandy maker . The store in turn sold hardware , clothing , fertilizer and feed , school textbooks , guns , furniture , and caskets .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gernt Office', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 3 , 1991 ( # 91000819 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Route 52 36°22′51″N 84°53′02″W / 36.380833°N 84.883889°W / 36.380833 ; -84.883889 ( Gernt Office )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_52', 'summary': 'State Route 52 ( SR 52 ) is an east-west state highway that crosses eight counties in northern and northeastern Tennessee . The 144.5-mile-long ( 232.6 km ) route originates in Orlinda along SR 49 and ends in Elgin along U.S. Route 27 ( US 27 ) . SR 52 is mostly a primary route , but becomes secondary west of I-65 . Between Celina and Livingston it is part of Corridor J of the Appalachian Development Highway System .'}]}, {'value': 'Allardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Allardt is a city in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 634 at the 2010 census . The current mayor Ms. Patricia ( Pat ) Brown Clark was elected in 2018 . There are 3 city council board members , Chris Crabtree , Thomas Potter , and Michael Wiley .'}]}, {'value': 'Offices of the Allardt Land Company , which colonized the area in the late 19th-century', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruno Gernt House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 6 , 1987 ( # 87000391 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Base Line Rd . 36°22′44″N 84°52′20″W / 36.378889°N 84.872222°W / 36.378889 ; -84.872222 ( Bruno Gernt House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Allardt is a city in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 634 at the 2010 census . The current mayor Ms. Patricia ( Pat ) Brown Clark was elected in 2018 . There are 3 city council board members , Chris Crabtree , Thomas Potter , and Michael Wiley .'}]}, {'value': 'Homestead of Bruno Gernt ( 1851-1932 ) , founder of Allardt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Fentress County Jail', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 24 , 1984 ( # 84003536 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N. Smith St. and State Route 52 36°25′40″N 84°55′57″W / 36.427778°N 84.9325°W / 36.427778 ; -84.9325 ( Old Fentress County Jail )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_52', 'summary': 'State Route 52 ( SR 52 ) is an east-west state highway that crosses eight counties in northern and northeastern Tennessee . The 144.5-mile-long ( 232.6 km ) route originates in Orlinda along SR 49 and ends in Elgin along U.S. Route 27 ( US 27 ) . SR 52 is mostly a primary route , but becomes secondary west of I-65 . Between Celina and Livingston it is part of Corridor J of the Appalachian Development Highway System .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamestown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamestown,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Jamestown is a city in , and the county seat of , Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population of the city was 1,959 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Now the Ye Olde Jail Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sergeant York Historic Area', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 11 , 1973 ( # 73001763 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off the Alvin York Highway 36°32′52″N 84°57′44″W / 36.547778°N 84.962222°W / 36.547778 ; -84.962222 ( Sergeant York Historic Area )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pall Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pall_Mall,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Pall Mall ( /pæl mæl/ PAL MAL ) is a small unincorporated community in the Wolf River valley of Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . Pall Mall is located near the Kentucky-Tennessee state-line in northeastern-central Tennessee . The population was at 1,398 people according to the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alvin C. York Agricultural Institute Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alvin_C._York_Institute', 'summary': 'Alvin C. York Institute , also known as Alvin C. York Agricultural Institute or York Institute , is a public high school in Jamestown , Tennessee , founded as a private agricultural school in 1926 by World War I hero Alvin York and later transferred to the state of Tennessee in 1937 , which continues to operate it as a public high school . It is the only comprehensive secondary school in the United States that is financed and operated by the state government .'}]}, {'value': 'September 20 , 1991 ( # 91001378 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S. Route 127 south of its junction with State Route 154 36°26′40″N 84°56′13″W / 36.444444°N 84.936944°W / 36.444444 ; -84.936944 ( Alvin C. York Agricultural Institute Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_127', 'summary': "U.S. Route 127 ( US 127 ) is a 758-mile-long ( 1,220 km ) north-south U.S. Highway in the eastern half of the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at US 27 in Chattanooga , Tennessee . The northern terminus is at Interstate 75 ( I-75 ) near Grayling , Michigan . Since 1987 , it has been the core of the annual World 's Longest Yard Sale , also known as the Highway 127 Corridor Sale ( 127 Yard Sale ) , which now stretches 690 miles ( 1,110 km ) from Addison , Michigan , to Gadsden , Alabama . The sale , held every August , was started to demonstrate that the older U.S. Highway System has something to offer that the Interstate Highway System does not . In Michigan , US 127 tripled in length in 2002 at the expense of its parent , US 27 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_154', 'summary': 'State Route 154 ( SR 154 ) is an east-west state highway in Middle and East Tennessee . It is a 19.12 miles ( 30.77 km ) long route that traverses Fentress and Pickett counties in middle Tennessee , along with a tiny portion of Scott County in east Tennessee .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamestown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamestown,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Jamestown is a city in , and the county seat of , Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population of the city was 1,959 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alvin Cullom York Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sgt._Alvin_C._York_State_Historic_Park', 'summary': "Sgt . Alvin C. York State Historic Park is a state park in Pall Mall , in the U.S. state of Tennessee . Situated along the Wolf River , the park contains the farm and gristmill once owned by decorated World War I soldier Alvin C. York ( 1887-1964 ) , who lived in the Pall Mall area for his entire life . Along with the millhouse and milldam , the park includes York 's two-story house , York 's general store and post office , the Wolf River Cemetery ( where York and his family are buried ) , the Wolf River Methodist Church , the York Bible Institute , and various picnic facilities . Alvin York is one of the most celebrated soldiers in American history . He joined the pacifist Church of Christ in Christian Union in 1915 , and when drafted for service in World War I in 1917 , he applied for conscientious objector status , but was denied . On October 8 , 1918 , while on patrol along the Meuse-Argonne Front in France , York and his platoon wandered behind enemy lines and were caught in an ambush that left over half the platoon dead . York then led the handful of survivors in a counterattack that resulted in the capture of 132 German soldiers . York was awarded the Medal of Honor and became an instant celebrity , and upon his return to the United States he was barraged with offers for endorsements ( both commercial and political ) , movies , and books , most of which he initially rejected , believing it was wrong to profit from an act of war . The Nashville Rotary Club raised the funds to buy York his Pall Mall farm , which it presented to York in 1922 . After York 's death in 1964 , his widow donated the farm to the state of Tennessee ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1976 ( # 76001773 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S. Route 127 36°32′36″N 84°57′35″W / 36.543333°N 84.959722°W / 36.543333 ; -84.959722 ( Alvin Cullom York Farm )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_127', 'summary': "U.S. Route 127 ( US 127 ) is a 758-mile-long ( 1,220 km ) north-south U.S. Highway in the eastern half of the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at US 27 in Chattanooga , Tennessee . The northern terminus is at Interstate 75 ( I-75 ) near Grayling , Michigan . Since 1987 , it has been the core of the annual World 's Longest Yard Sale , also known as the Highway 127 Corridor Sale ( 127 Yard Sale ) , which now stretches 690 miles ( 1,110 km ) from Addison , Michigan , to Gadsden , Alabama . The sale , held every August , was started to demonstrate that the older U.S. Highway System has something to offer that the Interstate Highway System does not . In Michigan , US 127 tripled in length in 2002 at the expense of its parent , US 27 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pall Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pall_Mall,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Pall Mall ( /pæl mæl/ PAL MAL ) is a small unincorporated community in the Wolf River valley of Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . Pall Mall is located near the Kentucky-Tennessee state-line in northeastern-central Tennessee . The population was at 1,398 people according to the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Youngs Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 16 , 1991 ( # 91000820 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Indiana and Portland Aves . 36°22′44″N 84°53′02″W / 36.378889°N 84.883889°W / 36.378889 ; -84.883889 ( Youngs Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allardt,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Allardt is a city in Fentress County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 634 at the 2010 census . The current mayor Ms. Patricia ( Pat ) Brown Clark was elected in 2018 . There are 3 city council board members , Chris Crabtree , Thomas Potter , and Michael Wiley .'}]}, {'value': 'This section south of Indiana Avenue ( south of TN-52 ) has been renamed Joe Youngs Street', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Fentress_County,_Tennessee_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fentress County, Tennessee. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Fentress County, Tennessee, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.'}
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What is the name of the historic place whose ZIP code is 38565 ?
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James Beaty General Merchandise Store
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02b4e74cbbad6ae2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_PGA_Tour', 'title': '1966 PGA Tour', 'header': ['Date', 'Tournament', 'Location', 'Winner', 'Score', '1st prize ( $ )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Jan 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Open', 'summary': "The Genesis Invitational is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in southern California , first played 94 years ago in 1926 as the Los Angeles Open . Other previous names include Northern Trust Open and Nissan Open . Played annually in February at the Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades , it is often the concluding event of the tour 's West Coast Swing early in the calendar year , before the tour moves east to Florida . The tournament has been held at Riviera on a near-continuous basis since 1973 . South Korea-based Hyundai Motor Group , through its Genesis Motors subsidiary , took over sponsorship in 2017 , after nine seasons from Northern Trust Corporation , based in Chicago , following a 21-year sponsorship by Nissan Motors . Entertainer Glen Campbell was the celebrity host of the Los Angeles Open from 1971 to 1983 ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Arnold Palmer ( 46 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Palmer', 'summary': "Arnold Daniel Palmer ( September 10 , 1929 - September 25 , 2016 ) was an American professional golfer who is generally regarded as one of the greatest and most charismatic players in the sport 's history . Dating back to 1955 , he won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and the circuit now known as PGA Tour Champions . Nicknamed The King , he was one of golf 's most popular stars and seen as a trailblazer , the first superstar of the sport 's television age , which began in the 1950s . Palmer 's social impact on behalf of golf was perhaps unrivaled among fellow professionals ; his humble background and plain-spoken popularity helped change the perception of golf from an elite , upper-class pastime ( private clubs ) to a more populist sport accessible to middle and working classes ( public courses ) . Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , and Gary Player were The Big Three in golf during the 1960s ; they are widely credited with popularizing and commercializing the sport around the world . In a career spanning more than six decades , he won 62 PGA Tour titles from 1955 to 1973 . He is fifth on the Tour 's all-time victory list , trailing only Tiger Woods , Sam Snead , Jack Nicklaus , and Ben Hogan . He won seven major titles in a six-plus-year domination from the 1958 Masters to the 1964 Masters . He also won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998 , and in 1974 was one of the 13 original inductees into the World Golf Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '273 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Diego Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'The Farmers Insurance Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played in the San Diego , California , area in the early part of the season known as the West Coast Swing . The tournament was noted for having singer-actor Andy Williams as a celebrity host from 1968 to 1988 . It originated as the San Diego Open in 1952 and used that name in its title through 1985 . Title sponsors were added in 1981 , first with Wickes for two years , then three with Isuzu . Shearson Lehman Brothers became the title sponsors in 1986 , replaced by Buick in 1992 and Farmers Insurance in 2010 . The event is organized by The Century Club of San Diego . Although the San Diego Open began in 1952 , the PGA Tour recognizes two earlier events of the same name : Leo Diegel won both events , in 1927 and 1929 .'}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Casper ( 29 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Casper', 'summary': 'William Earl Casper Jr. ( June 24 , 1931 - February 7 , 2015 ) was an American professional golfer . He was one of the most prolific tournament winners on the PGA Tour from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s . In his youth , Casper started as a caddie and emerged from the junior golf hotbed of San Diego , where golf could be played year-round , to rank seventh all-time in career Tour wins with 51 , across a 20-year period between 1956 and 1975 . Fellow San Diegan great Gene Littler was a friend and rival from teenager to senior . Casper won three major championships , represented the United States on a then-record eight Ryder Cup teams , and holds the U.S. record for career Ryder Cup points won . After reaching age 50 , Casper regularly played the Senior PGA Tour and was a winner there until 1989 . In his later years , Casper successfully developed businesses in golf course design and management of golf facilities . Casper served as Ryder Cup captain in 1979 , was twice PGA Player of the Year ( 1966 and 1970 ) , was twice leading money winner , and won five Vardon Trophy awards for the lowest seasonal scoring average on the Tour . Respected for his extraordinary putting and short-game skills , Casper was a superior strategist who overcame his distance disadvantages against longer-hitting competitors such as Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus with moxie , creative shot-making , and clever golf-course management abilities . Never a flashy gallery favorite , Casper developed his own self-contained style , relying on solid technique , determination , concentration , and perseverance . He converted to the LDS Church in 1966 . Casper was inducted to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1978 .'}]}, {'value': '268 ( −16 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bing Crosby National Pro-Am', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bing_Crosby_National_Pro-Am', 'summary': "The AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , held annually at Pebble Beach , California , near Carmel . The tournament is usually held during the month of February on three different courses , currently Pebble Beach Golf Links , Spyglass Hill Golf Course , and Monterey Peninsula Country Club . The event was originally known as the Bing Crosby National Pro-Amateur , or just the Crosby Clambake . After Crosby 's death in 1977 , the tournament was hosted by his family for eight years . The Crosby name was dropped after the 1985 event , and AT & T Corporation became the title sponsor 34 years ago in 1986 . It is organized by the Monterey Peninsula Foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Don Massengale ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Massengale', 'summary': 'Donald Ray Massengale , Sr. ( April 23 , 1937 - January 2 , 2007 ) was an American professional golfer who won tournaments on both the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '283 ( −4 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucky International Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucky_International_Open', 'summary': "The Lucky International Open was a PGA Tour event in the 1960s in San Francisco , California . It was played at Harding Park Golf Club , a public course across Lake Merced from the more glamorous Olympic Club . One of the founders and sponsors of the Lucky International Open was Eugene Selvage , owner of the Lucky Lager Brewing Company . Following surgery on his hands the previous summer , San Francisco native Ken Venturi won his 14th and final PGA Tour event here in January 1966 , taking the first prize of $ 8,500 with his parents in the gallery . The deteriorating conditions and antiquated facilities at Harding Park caused the PGA Tour to leave at the end of the decade . The final edition in 1969 was played in late October without the Lucky name and had a winner 's share of $ 20,000 . Steve Spray gained his only tour victory , one stroke ahead of runner-up Chi-Chi Rodríguez , the playoff winner in January 1964 . For its first six years , it was played in late January , the week after the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach . Not played in 1967 , it was held in mid-autumn in 1968 and 1969 ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Ken Venturi ( 14 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Venturi', 'summary': 'Kenneth Paul Venturi ( May 15 , 1931 - May 17 , 2013 ) was an American professional golfer and golf broadcaster . In a career shortened by injuries , he won 14 events on the PGA Tour including a major , the U.S. Open in 1964 . Shortly before his death in 2013 , Venturi was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '273 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Hope Desert Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Hope_Desert_Classic', 'summary': "The American Express ( formerly the Desert Classic , CareerBuilder Challenge , Palm Springs Golf Classic , the Bob Hope Desert Classic , the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic , and the Humana Challenge ) is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour . Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley ( greater Palm Springs ) , it is part of the tour 's early season West Coast Swing . It previously had five rounds of competition ( 90 holes ) rather than the standard of four rounds , and was known for its celebrity pro-am . For many years , the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants . In 2012 , the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut , similar to the AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am . It continues to have a large pro-am , but has slowly ceased featuring celebrity participants . The tournament is organized by the nonprofit Desert Classic Charities ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Sanders ( 15 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Sanders', 'summary': 'George Douglas Sanders ( born July 24 , 1933 ) is a retired American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships .'}]}, {'value': '349 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phoenix Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Phoenix Open ( known as the Waste Management Phoenix Open for title sponsorship reasons ) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , held in late January/early February at the Tournament Players Club ( TPC ) of Scottsdale , Arizona . The tournament was originally the Arizona Open , but was known for most of its history as the Phoenix Open until the investment bank Friedman Billings Ramsey became the title sponsor in October 2003 , and it was known as the FBR Open for the next six editions . Waste Management began its sponsorship in 2010 . The event 's relaxed atmosphere , raucous by the standards of professional golf , has earned it the nickname The Greatest Show on Grass and made it one of the most popular events on the PGA Tour calendar ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'Dudley Wysong ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dudley_Wysong', 'summary': 'Henry Dudley Wysong , Jr. ( May 15 , 1939 - March 29 , 1998 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1960s . Wysong was born , raised and lived all his life in and around McKinney , Texas . One of the people who taught Wysong how to play golf was Byron Nelson . In 1961 , Wysong lost the final round ( match play ) of the U.S . Amateur , ( 8 & 6 ) , to Jack Nicklaus at Pebble Beach . Wysong won two events on the PGA Tour : the 1966 Phoenix Open Invitational and the 1967 Hawaiian Open . His best finish in a major was a 2nd at the 1966 PGA Championship , which was won by Al Geiberger . Wysong also finished T-8 at the 1965 U.S. Open . Wysong later served as Vice-President of the PGA of America . Wysong died in Plano , Texas after suffering an aneurysm at the McKinney Country Club where he was the golf pro for many years'}]}, {'value': '278 ( −6 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tucson Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tucson_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Tucson Open was a golf tournament in Arizona on the PGA Tour from 1945 to 2006 , played annually in the winter in Tucson . It was last held at the Omni Tucson National Golf Resort in late February , with a $ 3 million purse and a $ 540,000 winner 's share ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'Joe Campbell ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Campbell_(golfer)', 'summary': "Joe E. Campbell ( born November 5 , 1935 ) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the late 1950s and 1960s . Campbell was born in Anderson , Indiana , where he attended Anderson High School - leading the Indians to IHSAA state titles in 1952 and 1953 ; winning the individual championships in both years . He attended Purdue University , where he was a member of the golf team as well as a co-captain of the basketball team . He won the 1955 NCAA Championship as Purdue finished 2nd in the team standings , he was also the 1956 and 1957 Big Ten Conference Champion and led Purdue to the 1955 and 1956 Big Ten Team Championships . During his amateur career , he won the Indiana Amateur three times , the Indiana Open twice , and the Sunnehanna Amateur in 1957 . His best finish in a major championship , which came during his amateur career , was T-22 at the 1957 U.S. Open . He was also a member of the United States ' 1956 Americas Cup and 1957 Walker Cup team , leading the Americans to an 8½-3½ victory over Great Britain . Campbell turned professional in 1958 and joined the PGA Tour in 1959 and competed for fourteen years . He received Golf Digest 's Rookie-of-the-Year award in 1959 . His 43 top-10 finishes included three wins , seven runner-up and six third-place finishes ; he finished in top-25 103 times . He played on the Senior PGA Tour from 1986-89 and 1995-96 , his best finish was a T-24th at the 1987 Bank One Senior Golf Classic . Campbell made his home in Knoxville , Tennessee after graduating from college in 1957 until 1974 ."}]}, {'value': '278 ( −10 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pensacola Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pensacola_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'This article is about the former PGA Tour event , for information on the former Nationwide Tour event , see Pensacola Classic . The Pensacola Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour . The inaugural version of the tournament was played in 1956 and its last edition in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Gay Brewer ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gay_Brewer', 'summary': 'Gay Robert Brewer , Jr. ( March 19 , 1932 - August 31 , 2007 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and won the 1967 Masters Tournament .'}]}, {'value': '272 ( −16 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doral Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doral_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Doral Open was a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in the southeastern United States . It was played annually for 45 seasons , from 1962 to 2006 , on the Blue Monster course at the Doral Golf Resort & Spa in Doral , Florida , a suburb west of Miami . The introduction of the FedEx Cup in 2007 caused a change in the PGA Tour schedule . The WGC-CA Championship , a World Golf Championship event co-sponsored by the PGA Tour , moved from October to March and took the Doral Open 's spot on the schedule . This championship was also held at the Blue Monster course for the next decade ; it was renamed the WGC-Cadillac Championship in 2011 and continued at Doral through 2016 . The resort was sold in 2012 and became Trump National Doral Miami . The PGA Tour Latinoamérica development tour will host the season-ending Shell Championship in December 2018 on the Golden Palm course to continue the PGA Tour 's tradition of hosting at Doral ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Phil Rodgers ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Rodgers', 'summary': 'Phil Rodgers ( April 3 , 1938 - June 26 , 2018 ) was an American professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '278 ( −10 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florida Citrus Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Citrus_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Arnold Palmer Invitational is a professional golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour . It is played each March at the Bay Hill Club and Lodge , a private golf resort owned since 1974 by Arnold Palmer in Bay Hill , a suburb southwest of Orlando . The event was founded in 1979 as a successor to the Florida Citrus Open Invitational , which debuted in 1966 and was played at Rio Pinar Country Club , east of Orlando , through 1978 . Arnold Palmer won the Florida Citrus Open in 1971 . Since 1979 , the tournament title has had a number of different names , most of them including Bay Hill , but has played under the Palmer name since 2007 . On March 21 , 2012 , the Arnold Palmer Invitational and MasterCard Worldwide announced an extension to MasterCard 's Presented by sponsorship until the 2016 tournament . In June 2014 , the PGA Tour approved a resolution to grant the winner a three-year exemption , one more than regular Tour events and on par with winners of the World Golf Championships , The Tour Championship , and the Memorial Tournament . Beginning with the 2017 tournament , the winner receives a red cardigan sweater in memory of Arnold Palmer . In 2019 , the event was added to the Open Qualifying Series , giving up to three non-exempt players entry into The Open Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Lionel Hebert ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lionel_Hebert', 'summary': 'Lionel Paul Hebert ( January 20 , 1928 - December 30 , 2000 ) was an American professional golfer . He won five times on the PGA Tour , including the PGA Championship in 1957 , the last edition held at match play . His older brother Jay won the same event at stroke play in 1960 . Lionel also played on the Ryder Cup team in 1957 . An ethnic Cajun from Louisiana , he was born and died in Lafayette .'}]}, {'value': '279 ( −5 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacksonville Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacksonville_Open', 'summary': "The Greater Jacksonville Open was a PGA Tour event that was played from 1945 until 1976 . Shortly after World War II , the Jacksonville Open began play as a PGA Tour event in Jacksonville , Florida until it was discontinued in the mid-1950s . In the mid-1960s , the PGA Tour came to town again . This time the event was initially named the Jacksonville Open again and changed for the 1968 event to the Jacksonville Open Invitational . The name was changed to the Greater Jacksonville Open for the 1969 event . The Greater Jacksonville Open was discontinued after the 1976 tournament when the PGA Tour decided to relocate The Players Championship to Ponte Vedra Beach , Florida . The PGA Tour had been looking for some time for a permanent home for the marquee event which has professional golf 's highest prize fund and is sometimes referred to as the fifth major . The Players Championship had been played at the Atlanta Country Club in Marietta , Georgia in 1974 , the Colonial Country Club in Fort Worth in 1975 and at the Inverrary Country Club in Ft. Lauderdale in 1976 . The Greater Jacksonville Open laid the groundwork and provided much of the infrastructure for the modern Players Championship , which was first played in Ponte Vedra Beach in 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Sanders ( 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Sanders', 'summary': 'George Douglas Sanders ( born July 24 , 1933 ) is a retired American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships .'}]}, {'value': '273 ( −15 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater Greensboro Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Greensboro_Open', 'summary': 'The Wyndham Championship is a professional golf tournament in North Carolina on the PGA Tour . It is played annually in Greensboro , and was originally the Greater Greensboro Open .'}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Sanders ( 17 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Sanders', 'summary': 'George Douglas Sanders ( born July 24 , 1933 ) is a retired American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships .'}]}, {'value': '276 ( −8 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masters Tournament', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_Masters_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1966 Masters Tournament was the 30th Masters Tournament , held April 7-11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Jack Nicklaus , age 26 , earned his third Green Jacket in an 18-hole Monday playoff and became the first back-to-back champion at the Masters . He ended regulation at even-par 288 , tied with Tommy Jacobs and Gay Brewer . Nicklaus shot a 70 in the extra round on Monday to defeat Jacobs ( 72 ) and Brewer ( 78 ) . Nicklaus ' score the previous year in 1965 was significantly lower at 271 ( −17 ) , a record which stood for 32 years . On Sunday , Brewer shot a 33 ( −3 ) on the front nine and then had eight pars as he came to the 72nd hole with a one-shot lead . After hitting his approach shot onto the green , he three-putted from 75 feet ( 23 m ) , missing a 5-foot ( 1.5 m ) putt for par to win . This was the last Masters that two-time champion Byron Nelson played in ; he shot 76 and 78 and missed the cut by one stroke . The 36-hole cut at 153 ( +9 ) was the highest to date , exceeded only in 1982 . A close friend of Nicklaus was among four that died in a private plane crash in Tennessee on Wednesday , while en route to Augusta from Columbus , Ohio . Nicklaus learned of the incident late that night and responded with a 68 in the first round , but fell back with a 76 on Friday . It was the fifth of 18 major titles for Nicklaus , and his only successful defense of a major ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Nicklaus ( 18 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus', 'summary': "Jack William Nicklaus ( born January 21 , 1940 ) , nicknamed The Golden Bear , is an American retired professional golfer . He is widely considered to be one of the greatest golfers of all time . Over a quarter-century , he won a record 18 major championships , three more than second-placed Tiger Woods . Nicklaus focused on the major championships - Masters Tournament , U.S. Open , Open Championship and PGA Championship - and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events . He competed in 164 major tournaments , more than any other player , and finished with 73 PGA Tour victories , third behind Sam Snead ( 82 ) and Woods ( 82 ) . Nicklaus won the U.S . Amateur in 1959 and 1961 and finished second in the 1960 U.S. Open , two shots behind Arnold Palmer . Nicklaus turned professional at age 21 toward the end of 1961 . He earned his first professional victory at the 1962 U.S. Open , defeating Palmer by three shots in a next-day 18-hole playoff and launching a rivalry between golf superstars . In 1966 , Nicklaus became the first player to win the Masters Tournament two years running ; he also won The Open Championship , becoming at age 26 the youngest player to win all four golf majors . He won another Open Championship in 1970 . Between 1971 and 1980 , he won nine more major championships , overtook Bobby Jones ' record of 13 majors , and became the first player to complete double and triple career grand slams ."}]}, {'value': '288 ( E )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azalea Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azalea_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Azalea Open Invitational was a golf tournament in North Carolina on the PGA Tour , held at Cape Fear Country Club in Wilmington . Last played in November 1971 as an unofficial event ; it was an official PGA Tour event in 1945 and from 1949 through 1970 . The Heritage in South Carolina debuted in 1969 and soon displaced it on the schedule . It was also played under the names of the Azalea Open and the Wilmington Azalea Open ; all were centerpieces of the city 's Azalea Festival . Cape Fear was designed by noted course architect Donald Ross . From 1950 through 1965 , the Azalea Open was a tune-up event for the first major of the year , The Masters in Augusta , Georgia . Jerry Barber , the winner of the PGA Championship in 1961 , won the Wilmington event three times ( 1953 , 1961 , 1963 ) . Arnold Palmer won in 1957 and nearly repeated , falling by a stroke in an 18-hole playoff in 1958 ; the difference was a penalty stroke he called on himself ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Bert Yancey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bert_Yancey', 'summary': 'Albert Winsborough Yancey ( August 6 , 1938 - August 26 , 1994 ) was an American professional golfer who won seven times on the PGA Tour and later played on the Senior PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '278 ( −10 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tournament of Champions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tournament_of_Champions_(PGA_Tour)', 'summary': "The Sentry Tournament of Champions is the calendar-year opening tournament of golf 's PGA Tour season , played in Hawaii on the island of Maui . The tournament was founded in 1953 ; its field is restricted to golfers who won a tournament on the tour during the previous calendar year . From 1986 through 2013 , it was the opening event of each tour season ; the PGA Tour switched to its wrap-around season ( starting season in September and ending in August ) in the fall of 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Arnold Palmer ( 47 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Palmer', 'summary': "Arnold Daniel Palmer ( September 10 , 1929 - September 25 , 2016 ) was an American professional golfer who is generally regarded as one of the greatest and most charismatic players in the sport 's history . Dating back to 1955 , he won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and the circuit now known as PGA Tour Champions . Nicknamed The King , he was one of golf 's most popular stars and seen as a trailblazer , the first superstar of the sport 's television age , which began in the 1950s . Palmer 's social impact on behalf of golf was perhaps unrivaled among fellow professionals ; his humble background and plain-spoken popularity helped change the perception of golf from an elite , upper-class pastime ( private clubs ) to a more populist sport accessible to middle and working classes ( public courses ) . Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , and Gary Player were The Big Three in golf during the 1960s ; they are widely credited with popularizing and commercializing the sport around the world . In a career spanning more than six decades , he won 62 PGA Tour titles from 1955 to 1973 . He is fifth on the Tour 's all-time victory list , trailing only Tiger Woods , Sam Snead , Jack Nicklaus , and Ben Hogan . He won seven major titles in a six-plus-year domination from the 1958 Masters to the 1964 Masters . He also won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998 , and in 1974 was one of the 13 original inductees into the World Golf Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '283 ( −5 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The AT & T Byron Nelson is a golf tournament in Texas on the PGA Tour . The tournament is held in May , and in 2018 moved to the new Trinity Forest Golf Club in Dallas . It is one of two PGA Tour stops in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex - the only metropolitan area to host two events . The tournament is the leading fundraiser for charity on the PGA Tour and has raised more than $ 143 million . [ citation needed ] For much of its history , it was the only PGA Tour stop named after a professional golfer ; it remains one of only two such events , along with the Arnold Palmer Invitational . As host , Byron Nelson ( 1912-2006 ) commonly made appearances during the tournament . It is hosted by the Salesmanship Club of Dallas , a 600-member civic organization , and has benefited the Club 's nonprofit Momentous Institute since its inception . [ citation needed ] For its first several decades , the tournament was played at various courses in Dallas . Nelson , a Texas native raised in Fort Worth , was the tournament 's first winner in 1944 , when it was played at Lakewood Country Club . The following year it was played at Dallas Country Club , and then in 1946 moved to Brook Hollow Golf Club . For the better part of the next decade the event was not contested , until two iterations of it were held in 1956 , both at Preston Hollow Country Club . In 1957 , the event moved to Glen Lake Country Club before it began a decade-long relationship with Oak Cliff Country Club , from 1958-1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Roberto De Vicenzo ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberto_De_Vicenzo', 'summary': 'Roberto De Vicenzo ( 14 April 1923 - 1 June 2017 ) was a professional golfer from Argentina . He has won a record 230 professional tournaments worldwide in his career including eight on the PGA Tour and most famously the 1967 Open Championship . He is perhaps best remembered for signing an incorrect scorecard that kept him out of a playoff for the 1968 Masters Tournament .'}]}, {'value': '276 ( −8 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'The Valero Texas Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played near San Antonio , Texas . It dates back 98 years to 1922 , when it was first called the Texas Open ; San Antonio-based Valero Energy Corporation took over naming rights in 2002 . It is played at The Oaks Course at the TPC San Antonio , northeast of the city . The Valero Energy Foundation is the host organization for the Valero Texas Open . The event is currently managed by Wasserman Media Group . In 2003 , it was the site of the 72-hole PGA Tour scoring record of 254 , shot by Tommy Armour III . Many big-name players have won this tournament , including Sam Snead , Ben Hogan , and Arnold Palmer , who won it three years in a row . It has always been considered a tournament where it is relatively easy to shoot low scores . Since 1934 , every tournament winner has finished with a score under-par . It has always been played in San Antonio area , and is the sixth oldest professional golf tournament worldwide , the third oldest on the PGA Tour and the longest held in the same city . From its inception until 1940 , it was held at Brackenridge Park Golf Course , with the exception of 1927-1928 , when it was played at Willow Springs Golf Course . After the event left Brackenridge Park , it returned to Willow Springs ( 1941-1949 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Harold Henning ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_Henning', 'summary': 'Harold Henning ( 3 October 1934 - 1 January 2004 ) was a South African professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour . Henning was born into a golfing family . His brothers Allan , Brian , and Graham all became professional golfers . Henning was born in Johannesburg , South Africa . Nicknamed The Horse , he turned pro in 1953 . From 1953-1965 , Henning traveled the world playing on international circuits , winning the national championships of Switzerland . South Africa , Italy , and Germany . A World Cup win with Gary Player in 1965 convinced him to join the PGA Tour . Henning won two official PGA Tour events - the 1966 Texas Open Invitational and the 1970 Tallahassee Open Invitational - before retiring in 1972 . He returned to the game six years later and recorded a victory at the KLM Dutch Open in 1981 . Upon reaching age 50 in October 1984 , Henning began play on the Senior PGA Tour . During his 18 seasons on this Tour , he won three official events and two Liberty Mutual Legends of Golf Championships .'}]}, {'value': '272 ( −8 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater New Orleans Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_New_Orleans_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Zurich Classic of New Orleans is a professional golf tournament in Louisiana on the PGA Tour , played in Avondale . Dating back 82 years ago to 1938 and held annually since 1958 , it is commonly played in early to mid-spring . Zurich Insurance Group is the main sponsor , and it is organized by the Fore ! Kids Foundation . The purse was $ 7.0 million in 2016 , with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million . First prize reached five figures in 1965 , six figures in 1988 , and passed the million dollar mark in 2006 . In 2017 , the Zurich Classic became a team event , with eighty teams of two . One member of each team is initially chosen via the Tour priority rankings , and his partner must be either a PGA Tour member or earn entry through a sponsor exemption . The stroke play format was alternate shot ( foursome ) in the first and third rounds and better ball ( fourball ) for the second and fourth rounds . The cut line is 35 teams , plus ties . The winners earn 400 FedEx Cup points and two-year exemptions , but will not receive Masters invitations and no world ranking points are awarded for the event . In 2018 , the format switched to fourball for the first and third rounds and alternate shot for the second and fourth rounds ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Beard ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Beard_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Joseph Franklin Beard ( born May 1 , 1939 ) is an American former professional golfer who was a member of the PGA Tour and Champions Tour . Beard won eleven PGA Tour events .'}]}, {'value': '276 ( −12 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colonial National Invitation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonial_National_Invitation', 'summary': 'The Charles Schwab Challenge is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played annually in May in Fort Worth , Texas at Colonial Country Club , which organizes the event . It is one of five invitational tournaments on the PGA Tour ; the inaugural event was held 74 years ago in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Devlin ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Devlin', 'summary': "Bruce William Devlin ( born 10 October 1937 ) is an Australian professional golfer , sportscaster and golf course designer . Devlin was born in Armidale , Australia . He turned pro in 1961 and joined the PGA Tour in 1962 after an amateur career in Australia which included a win at the Australian Amateur in 1959 . During his PGA Tour career , he had eight victories all of which occurred between 1964 and 1972 . In 1972 , he earned $ 119,768 and finished eighth on the money list . On the Senior PGA Tour , Devlin won one tournament , the 1995 FHP Health Care Classic . At the end of the 1998 golf season , Devlin decided to retire from the Senior PGA Tour to concentrate on his Golf Course Architecture and Design business and his commitment to ESPN 's Golf Telecasts . The main focus of Devlin 's career in the past 30 years has been his work as a Golf Course Architect and Designer . Devlin has designed and built more than 150 golf courses throughout the world including Australia , Japan , Scotland , the Bahamas , and the United States . About two-thirds of the golf courses he designed have been in Florida and Texas . Many of these courses have hosted all of the professional golf tours , including : The Houston Open , HealthSouth LPGA Classic , Key Biscayne Golf Classic , and The Nike Cleveland Open . His golf design business is based in Scottsdale , Arizona ."}]}, {'value': '280 ( E )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oklahoma City Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_City_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'The Oklahoma City Open Invitational was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour that played at various clubs in Oklahoma City . The tournament first played in the 1920s under the name Oklahoma City Open . After a hiatus of nearly three decades , the PGA Tour returned to Oklahoma City in the 1950s . The 1962-1967 events were held at Quail Creek Golf & Country Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma', 'summary': "Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Tony Lema ( 12 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Lema', 'summary': 'Anthony David Lema ( February 25 , 1934 - July 24 , 1966 ) was an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s and won a major title , the 1964 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland . He died two years later at age 32 in an aircraft accident near Chicago .'}]}, {'value': '271 ( −17 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tournament results', 'section_text': "The following table shows all the official money events for the 1966 season . `` Date '' is the ending date of the tournament . The numbers in parentheses after the winners ' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event . Majors are shown in bold .", 'uid': '1966_PGA_Tour_0', 'intro': 'The 1966 PGA Tour season was played from January 6 to November 27. The season consisted of 40 official money events. Billy Casper won the most tournaments, four, and there were six first-time winners. Casper was the leading money winner with earnings of $121,945. He was voted the PGA Player of the Year and also won the Vardon Trophy for the lowest scoring average.'}
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How many of the 10 highest market cap corporations are in the Bay Area of the state which held the Bob Hope Desert Classic of 1966 ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrie_Peckham', 'title': 'Lawrie Peckham', 'header': ['Year', 'Competition', 'Venue', 'Position', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Empire and Commonwealth Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': "At the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games , the athletics events were held at Perry Lakes Stadium in Perth , Australia . The stadium , set in the suburb of Floreat , was purpose-built for the competition . A total of 31 events were contested , of which 21 by male and 10 by female athletes . The competition was affected by hot weather and soldiers from the Australian Army were called upon to supply athletes with water throughout the competition . Heavy wind also affected the programme , with the sprints and jumps most affected by the conditions . The 1962 Games saw the reintroduction of the men 's 3000 metres steeplechase and the women 's 880 yards - events which had both been absent for four editions , having previously been held at the 1934 British Empire Games . Kenyan Seraphino Antao 's double gold in the sprints , an achievement which marked a breakthrough in the sport for his country . Dorothy Hyman completed the same feat on the women 's side . Peter Snell won gold medals in both the 880 yds and the mile run . In the men 's 3 miles race , Ron Clarke found himself outdone by reigning Olympics 5000 metres champion Murray Halberg . Women 's thrower Valerie Young built upon her 1958 shot put gold with victories in both the shot put and discus throw . One Games record was improved at the competition : Dixie Willis set a new mark in the women 's 880 yards run ."}]}, {'value': 'Perth , Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia', 'summary': "Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olympic Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo , the athletics competition included 36 events , 24 for men and 12 for women . The women 's 400 metres and women 's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games . There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokyo , Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan', 'summary': "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '10th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Empire and Commonwealth Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'At the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games , the athletics events were held at Independence Park in Kingston , Jamaica . A total of 34 events were contested , of which 23 by male and 11 by female athletes . This was the final athletics competition at the quadrennial competition to feature events measured in imperial units , rather than metric units . Eleven Games records were improved over the course of the competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Kingston , Jamaica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica', 'summary': 'Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica , located on the southeastern coast of the island . It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes , a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island . In the Americas , Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city south of the United States . The local government bodies of the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew were amalgamated by the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation Act of 1923 , to form the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation ( KSAC ) . Greater Kingston , or the Corporate Area refers to those areas under the KSAC ; however , it does not solely refer to Kingston Parish , which only consists of the old downtown and Port Royal . Kingston Parish had a population of 96,052 , and St. Andrew Parish had a population of 555,828 in 2001 . Kingston is only bordered by Saint Andrew to the east , west and north . The geographical border for the parish of Kingston encompasses the following communities , Tivoli Gardens , Denham Town , Rae Town , Kingston Gardens , National Heroes Park , Bournemouth Gardens , Norman Gardens , Rennock Lodge , Springfield and Port Royal , along with portions of Rollington Town , Franklyn Town and Allman Town . The city proper is bounded by Six Miles to the west , Stony Hill to the north , Papine to the northeast and Harbour View to the east , communities in urban and suburban Saint Andrew . Communities in rural St. Andrew such as Gordon Town , Mavis Bank , Lawrence Tavern , Mt . Airy and Bull Bay would not be described as being in Kingston city . Two parts make up the central area of Kingston : the historic Downtown , and New Kingston .'}]}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olympic Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , 36 athletics events were contested , 24 for men and 12 for women . There were a total number of 1031 participating athletes from 93 countries . These games were notable for a number of Olympic firsts and numerous world records . These included :'}]}, {'value': 'Mexico City , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City,_Mexico', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacific Conference Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_Pacific_Conference_Games', 'summary': "The 1969 Pacific Conference Games was the first edition of the international athletics competition between five Pacific coast nations : Australia , Canada , Japan , New Zealand and the United States . It was held from 26-27 September at the National Olympic Stadium in Tokyo , Japan . A total of 20 men 's and 12 women 's athletics events were contested ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokyo , Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo,_Japan', 'summary': "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commonwealth Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1970_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'At the 1970 British Commonwealth Games , the athletics events were held at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh , Scotland . A total of 36 events were contested , of which 23 by male and 13 by female athletes . This was the first athletics competition at the British Commonwealth Games to feature events in metric units , rather than imperial units . One world record and two Games records were broken at the competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh , Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh,_Scotland', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olympic Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 38 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 14 for women . There were a total number of 1324 participating athletes from 104 countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Munich , West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': '18th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacific Conference Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1973_Pacific_Conference_Games', 'summary': "The 1973 Pacific Conference Games was the second edition of the international athletics competition between five Pacific coast nations : Australia , Canada , Japan , New Zealand and the United States . It was held on June 27 and 28 in Toronto . A total of 20 men 's and 12 women 's athletics events were contested ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto , Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto,_Canada', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Commonwealth Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'At the 1974 British Commonwealth Games , the athletics events were held at the Queen Elizabeth II Park in Christchurch , New Zealand between 25 January and 2 February . Athletes competed in 37 events - 23 for men and 14 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Christchurch , New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}]}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High jump', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'International competitions', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Lawrence_Peckham_0', 'intro': 'Lawrence William Lawrie Peckham (born 4 December 1944) is a retired Australian high jumper. A ten-time national champion, he won two gold and one silver medal at the Commonwealth Games in 1966-1974. He competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics and placed 10th, 8th and 18th, respectively. In 1977, Peckham married fellow Olympian, Judy Canty, the 1978 Commonwealth Games champion in the 800 metres. In retirement he worked as a physical education coach.'}
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How many records were set in the games that took place in Jamaica ?
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Eleven
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02b53ef437537574
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_rules_football_clubs_in_Queensland', 'title': 'List of Australian rules football clubs in Queensland', 'header': ['Club', 'Nickname', 'Location', 'Home ground', 'Website'], 'data': [{'value': 'Broadbeach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadbeach_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "Broadbeach Australian Football Club , also known as the Broadbeach Cats , is an Australian rules football club representing the suburb of Broadbeach on the Gold Coast . The club competes in the Queensland Australian Football League after having previously competed in North East Australian Football League . Its home ground is Subaru Oval - Nee Merrimac Oval . In the club 's inaugural year in the QAFL the cats finished 4th but eliminated in the first round of the finals . The senior level won its first premiership in 1987 under Coach Wayne Ling And Captain Brian Rowe . The highest point of the club 's history was in 1996 when the club won 3 of the Grades , Colts , Seconds and Firsts . Some believe a three-year plan/structure built from within the licensed club manager in 1994 , the year the club was supposed to fold due to a heavy debt to the bank and private lenders ( somewhere near $ 80,000 plus unknown amount for new change rooms ) . Despite having been in existence since 1971 , the Broadbeach Football Club has only competed at the top AFLQ level since 1997 . Nevertheless , it has shown steady improvement throughout its brief involvement , and in 2004 , it won 14 of its 18 home and away matches and reached the preliminary final before losing to Morningside . In 2005 , the Cats were one of eight inaugural members of Queensland football 's new first Division set-up , and they once again reached the finals . Broadbeach has an infamous rivalry with fellow Division 1 team Southport Sharks . When the local derby is played between these two neighbouring clubs , the games are typically played in front of a larger than usual attendance due and with increased tension ."}]}, {'value': 'Cats', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Coast , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland', 'summary': "The Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland , approximately 66 kilometres ( 41 mi ) south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales . With a estimated population of 679,127 , at June 2018 ( including 76,779 in the adjacent Tweed Valley of New South Wales ) , the Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia , making it the largest non-capital city , and Queensland 's second-largest city . Gold Coast is a major tourist destination with its sunny subtropical climate and has become widely known for its surfing beaches , high-rise dominated skyline , theme parks , nightlife , and rainforest hinterland . The city is part of the nation 's entertainment industry with television productions and a major film industry . The city hosted the 2018 Commonwealth Games which ran from 4 to 15 April 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'H & A Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H_&_A_Oval', 'summary': "Kombumerri Park ( known commercially as Subaru Oval ) is a multi-sports venue in Mermaid Waters , a suburb in the Gold Coast , Australia . It includes an Australian Rules Football and Cricket ground . It has been used by the NEAFL 's Broadbeach Australian Football Club team as their home game base . The Gold Coast Suns reserves side also occasionally uses the ground for home matches . The Geelong Cats senior side has used the ground for a training in July 2017 , with thousands of spectators coming along to watch them ."}]}, {'value': 'Official site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Labrador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labrador_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "Labrador Australian Football Club , also known as the Labrador Tigers , is a Gold Coast based sports club . Labrador 's Australian rules football team currently competes in the Queensland Australian Football League . From 2011-2014 it was an inaugural member club of the NEAFL competition . Formed in 1964 the Tigers played in the Gold Coast AFL until they were promoted into the Queensland State League in 1997 . Runners-up in 2010 the club is a founding member of the NEAFL ."}]}, {'value': 'Tigers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Coast , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland', 'summary': "The Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland , approximately 66 kilometres ( 41 mi ) south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales . With a estimated population of 679,127 , at June 2018 ( including 76,779 in the adjacent Tweed Valley of New South Wales ) , the Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia , making it the largest non-capital city , and Queensland 's second-largest city . Gold Coast is a major tourist destination with its sunny subtropical climate and has become widely known for its surfing beaches , high-rise dominated skyline , theme parks , nightlife , and rainforest hinterland . The city is part of the nation 's entertainment industry with television productions and a major film industry . The city hosted the 2018 Commonwealth Games which ran from 4 to 15 April 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cooke-Murphy Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooke-Murphy_Oval', 'summary': "Cooke-Murphy is a sports venue in Labrador , a suburb in the Gold Coast , Australia . It includes an Australian Rules Football ground . It has been used by the NEAFL 's Labrador Australian Football Club team as their home game base . The Gold Coast Suns reserves side also occasionally uses the ground for home matches ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morningside', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morningside_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Morningside Australian Football Club , also known as the Morningside Panthers , is an Australian rules football club based at Jack Esplen Oval in the suburb of Hawthorne in Brisbane . The club consists of Masters , Amateurs , Women 's , Junior and Senior football sections . Its senior team competed in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition in 2011-14 and now is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League . Its junior sides compete in the AFL Brisbane Juniors ( AFLBJ ) competition . The club also caters for young girls and boys by running Auskick skills clinics , which are held at the beginning of the season and do not involve competitive games . Morningside Football Club has operated successfully as a football club in Brisbane for over 50 years and is one of the most widely recognised Queensland based AFL clubs within Australia . It developed from the Hawthorne Juniors club which was founded in 1931 ."}]}, {'value': 'Panthers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Esplen Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Esplen_Oval', 'summary': "The Morningside Australian Football Club , also known as the Morningside Panthers , is an Australian rules football club based at Jack Esplen Oval in the suburb of Hawthorne in Brisbane . The club consists of Masters , Amateurs , Women 's , Junior and Senior football sections . Its senior team competed in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition in 2011-14 and now is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League . Its junior sides compete in the AFL Brisbane Juniors ( AFLBJ ) competition . The club also caters for young girls and boys by running Auskick skills clinics , which are held at the beginning of the season and do not involve competitive games . Morningside Football Club has operated successfully as a football club in Brisbane for over 50 years and is one of the most widely recognised Queensland based AFL clubs within Australia . It developed from the Hawthorne Juniors club which was founded in 1931 ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Gravatt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Gravatt_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Mount Gravatt Australian Football Club , is a Brisbane based club which competed in the North East Australian Football League competition from 2011-2013 and as of 2014 is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League. , formed in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vultures', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Dittmar Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palm Beach Currumbin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palm_Beach_Currumbin_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Palm Beach Currumbin Australian Football Club is an Australian rules football club on the Gold Coast , Queensland . The club emblem is the lion and the club plays in both Division One and Division Two of the AFL Queensland State League . Palm Beach won the 1999 premiership .'}]}, {'value': 'Lions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Coast , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland', 'summary': "The Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland , approximately 66 kilometres ( 41 mi ) south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales . With a estimated population of 679,127 , at June 2018 ( including 76,779 in the adjacent Tweed Valley of New South Wales ) , the Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia , making it the largest non-capital city , and Queensland 's second-largest city . Gold Coast is a major tourist destination with its sunny subtropical climate and has become widely known for its surfing beaches , high-rise dominated skyline , theme parks , nightlife , and rainforest hinterland . The city is part of the nation 's entertainment industry with television productions and a major film industry . The city hosted the 2018 Commonwealth Games which ran from 4 to 15 April 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Salk Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salk_Oval', 'summary': 'Salk Oval is a multi-sports venue in Palm Beach , a suburb in the Gold Coast , Australia . It includes an Australian rules football and Cricket ground . It used by the Palm Beach Currumbin Australian Football Club and the Palm Beach Currumbin Cricket Club . The ground was named after American physician Jonas Salk .'}]}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandgate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandgate_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Sandgate Hawks Sporting Club is an Australian rules football and netball club located in the Brisbane suburb of Taigum . They were nicknamed both the Hawks and Sea Hawks and their club colours were bottle green and red . The football squad plays in the Queensland Australian Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Lemke Road Oval', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Surfers Paradise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surfers_Paradise_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Surfers Paradise Australian Football Club ( nicknamed The Demons ) is a Gold Coast based club competing in the AFL Queensland QAFL Australian rules football competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Demons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Coast , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland', 'summary': "The Gold Coast is a coastal city in the Australian state of Queensland , approximately 66 kilometres ( 41 mi ) south-southeast of the state capital Brisbane and immediately north of the border with New South Wales . With a estimated population of 679,127 , at June 2018 ( including 76,779 in the adjacent Tweed Valley of New South Wales ) , the Gold Coast is the sixth-largest city in Australia , making it the largest non-capital city , and Queensland 's second-largest city . Gold Coast is a major tourist destination with its sunny subtropical climate and has become widely known for its surfing beaches , high-rise dominated skyline , theme parks , nightlife , and rainforest hinterland . The city is part of the nation 's entertainment industry with television productions and a major film industry . The city hosted the 2018 Commonwealth Games which ran from 4 to 15 April 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sir Bruce Small Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sir_Bruce_Small_Park', 'summary': 'Sir Bruce Small Park is a sporting facility located in Benowa , a suburb of the Gold Coast , Queensland in Australia . Its baseball facilities are home to the Surfers Paradise Baseball Club , current premiers of the Greater Brisbane League . It has hosted many high-profile Australian baseball events such as the Masters Games and University Games . The adjacent oval is home to the Surfers Paradise-Benowa Cricket Club and Surfers Paradise Australian Football Club , which plays in the QAFL . It is named after former Gold Coast Mayor Sir Bruce Small .'}]}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Districts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Magpies_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Western Magpies Australian Football Club is the senior Australian rules football club of the western suburbs of Brisbane which competes in Division One of the AFLQ State League . The club is based at 41 Chelmer st , Chelmer , at the same grounds as the Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club and fields a team in the AFLQ senior , reserve , under 18 and women 's grade competitions . The Western Magpies AFC provides a focal point for talented players from all of the junior clubs that lie within Brisbane 's western suburbs ( Collingwood Park , Ferny Grove , Forest Lake , Kenmore , Jindalee , Moorooka , Sherwood , Southern Redbacks , Springfield Lakes , Wests Juniors , Yeronga ) . The club aims to provide a pathway into the AFL for players from these junior clubs , develop the network of surrounding senior and junior Australian rules football clubs , and provide a fun , friendly , family oriented hub for local football in the western suburbs . The Western Magpies Australian Football Club and Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club are sponsored by Tradelink ( major sponsor ) , Hog 's Breath Cafe and Cleanway ( secondary sponsors ) . There have been a number of senior clubs ( Taringa , Western Districts , Sherwood , and West Brisbane ) based within the western suburbs of Brisbane that have competed in the highest division of local football . These clubs were all forced out of existence over time , and the Western Magpies AFC resembles a culmination of the area 's historical and continuing football presence and strength . The current club has been playing in Division Two of the AFL Queensland State League since 2004 , but is being promoted into Division One from the commencement of the 2009 season under the guidance of President Brian Knight , Senior Coach Paul Grentell and Club Development Manager Anthony McDonald ."}]}, {'value': 'Magpies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Powenyenna Oval', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilston Grange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilston_Grange_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Wilston Grange Football Club is an Australian rules football club which competes in the Queensland Australian Football League . It is based in inner-northern Brisbane and fields senior men 's and women 's , masters , youth and junior teams . The club 's home at Hickey Park , Stafford , also hosts the largest AFL9s league in Queensland ."}]}, {'value': 'Gorillas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane,_Queensland', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Hickey Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hickey_Park', 'summary': "Hickey Park is an Australian rules football ground in Stafford , a suburb of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia . It is the primary home ground for Wilston Grange in the Queensland Australian Football League . It has also been featured in the AFL Women 's , hosting its first AFLW game on 17 February 2019 in a match between Brisbane and Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Site', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'State Level -- Queensland Australian Football League', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Australian_rules_football_clubs_in_Queensland_0', 'intro': "This is a list of clubs that play Australian rules football in Queensland at the various levels of senior men's football."}
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What is the population of the location of the australian rules football club who holds its games at a sporting facility located in Benowa ?
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679,127
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02b5484c97dbb8dd
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Thailand_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Thailand at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Chanloung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Chanloung', 'summary': 'Mark Chanloung ( Thai : มรรค จันเหลือง ; RTGS : Mak Chanlueang ; born 9 February 1995 ) is an Italian born cross-country skier competing for Thailand .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Cross-country skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in Pyeongchang , South Korea . The twelve events took place between 10 and 25 February 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ratchanok Intanon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ratchanok_Intanon', 'summary': "Ratchanok Intanon ( Thai : รัชนก อินทนนท์ , RTGS : Ratchanok Inthanon , pronounced [ rát.t͡ɕʰā.nók ʔīn.tʰā.nōn ] ; born 5 February 1995 ) is a Thai badminton player who became the first Thai to become No.1 in women 's singles . She is known for her relaxed hitting motion and light footwork , which has been described as 'balletic ' by commentators such as Gillian Clark . She became world champion in women 's singles in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The badminton tournaments at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 11 to 20 August at the fourth pavilion of Riocentro . A total of 172 athletes competed in five events : men 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's singles , women 's doubles , and mixed doubles . Similar to 2012 format , a combination of group play and knockout stages had been maintained at these Games . In all the doubles tournaments , the Badminton World Federation instituted several changes to the competition rules after the match fixing scandal from the previous Olympics , as all pairs finishing second in their groups would be placed into another draw to determine who they face in the next round , while the top pair in each group must have a fixed position matched to its designated seed in the knockout phase . The Games made use of about 8,400 shuttlecocks ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanes Sucharitakul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanes_Sucharitakul', 'summary': "Kanes Sucharitakul ( Thai : คเณศ สุจริตกุล ; RTGS : Khanet Sucharitakun ; born February 13 , 1992 in Bangkok ) is an alpine skier from Thailand . He competed for Thailand at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom . He was Thailand 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony of the 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held in Russia from 9-22 February at Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort near Krasnaya Polyana , east of Sochi .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nuttapong Ketin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nuttapong_Ketin', 'summary': 'Nuttapong Ketin ( born 24 September 1992 in Chiang Mai , Thailand ) is a Thai National swimmer . The King of Thailand swimmer . The King of breaststroke in Thailand . He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 200m breaststroke and 200m individual medley events . He competed 3 times of Asian games in the 2010 Guangzhou , China , in the 2014 Incheon , South Korea , in the 2018 Jakarta , Indonesia . He competed and got Gold-medalist in many Sea games championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre . The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park . Swimming featured 34 events ( 17 male , 17 female ) , including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park 's Serpentine Lake . The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park . United States claimed a total of 31 medals ( 16 golds , 9 silver , and 6 bronze ) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming . Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination , Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 ( 18 golds , 2 silver , and 2 bronze ) . Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count , China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals ( five golds , three silver , and bronze ) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle ( both 400 and 1500 m ) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley ( both 200 and 400 m ) . Meanwhile , France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals ( four golds , two silver , and one bronze ) , followed by the Netherlands with four , including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle ( both 50 and 100 m ) , and South Africa with three . For the first time since 1992 , Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay , but managed to bring home a total of ten medals . After not winning a gold in swimming since 2004 , Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven ( three silver and eight bronze ) . In the post-techsuit era , a total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worapoj Petchkoom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worapoj_Petchkoom', 'summary': "Worapoj Petchkoom ( Thai : วรพจน์ เพชรขุ้ม ; RTGS : Woraphot Phetkhum ; born May 18 , 1981 ) is a Thai boxer who competed in the bantamweight ( 54 kg ) at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal losing to Cuban superstar Guillermo Rigondeaux . He qualified for the Athens Games by ending up in first place in the 2nd AIBA Asian 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Karachi , Pakistan . In the final he defeated India 's Diwakar Prasad ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The boxing programme of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China was held at the Workers Indoor Arena . Medals were awarded in eleven events , with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers . The 2008 games were the last Olympic boxing competition to exclude women , as the International Olympic Committee approved the introduction of female boxing events for the 2012 London Olympics . Like other Olympic combat sports , two bronze medals are awarded ; in the case of boxing , both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal , with no further play-off . As a result , the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match , a semi-final to a silver medal match , and the final to a gold medal match . 44 medals are therefore available , 22 of which are bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prawat Nagvajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prawat_Nagvajara', 'summary': "Prawat Nagvajara ( Thai : ประวัติ นาควัชระ ) , born December 1 , 1958 , is a Thai academic and cross-country skier . He is the first person ever to have represented Thailand at the Winter Olympic Games , having taken part in the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics . Unsurprisingly , he was therefore his country 's flagbearer at the Games ' Opening Ceremonies on both occasions . Nagvajara grew up in Bangkok , and was a member of a teenage rock band . He is currently a professor of electrical engineering at Drexel University in Pennsylvania , United States . Nagvajara has stated that Philip Boit was his inspiration to participate in the Olympics . At the 2002 Games , Nagvajara took part in the 30 km race , but was eliminated after being lapped . He then competed in the 1.5 km sprint , and finished 68th out of 71 with a time of 4:14.55 - behind Cameroon 's Isaac Menyoli , and ahead of Costa Rica 's Arturo Kinch . At the 2006 Games , he competed in the 15 km classical race . He finished 97th , with a time of 1:07:15.9 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The cross-country skiing events at the 2006 Winter Olympics featured 12 events , from 11 to 26 February 2006 at Pragelato in Turin .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paradorn Srichaphan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paradorn_Srichaphan', 'summary': "Paradorn Srichaphan ( Thai : ภราดร ศรีชาพันธุ์ ; RTGS : Pharadon Sichaphan ; pronounced [ pʰā.rāː.dɔ̄ːn sǐː.t͡ɕʰāː.pʰān ] ; born 14 June 1979 ) is a retired professional tennis player from Thailand . He was the first men 's singles player from Asia to be ranked in the top 10 of the ATP rankings , reaching a career high world no . 9 . His nickname is Ball . He graduated as a Bachelor of Social Science from Ramkhamhaeng University ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place on ten separate courts at the Olympic Tennis Centre . The surface was hardcourt . 172 players competed in 4 events . 2004 saw more of the top ranked players appearing , as this tournament saw world ranking points allocated to the players for the first time . Martina Navratilova made her first appearance at the Olympic Games where she partnered with Lisa Raymond in the ladies doubles .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prawat Nagvajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prawat_Nagvajara', 'summary': "Prawat Nagvajara ( Thai : ประวัติ นาควัชระ ) , born December 1 , 1958 , is a Thai academic and cross-country skier . He is the first person ever to have represented Thailand at the Winter Olympic Games , having taken part in the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics . Unsurprisingly , he was therefore his country 's flagbearer at the Games ' Opening Ceremonies on both occasions . Nagvajara grew up in Bangkok , and was a member of a teenage rock band . He is currently a professor of electrical engineering at Drexel University in Pennsylvania , United States . Nagvajara has stated that Philip Boit was his inspiration to participate in the Olympics . At the 2002 Games , Nagvajara took part in the 30 km race , but was eliminated after being lapped . He then competed in the 1.5 km sprint , and finished 68th out of 71 with a time of 4:14.55 - behind Cameroon 's Isaac Menyoli , and ahead of Costa Rica 's Arturo Kinch . At the 2006 Games , he competed in the 15 km classical race . He finished 97th , with a time of 1:07:15.9 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The cross-country skiing events at the 2002 Winter Olympics were marred by drug problems . The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin , a drug used to treat anemia . At the time , the drug was not specifically listed in the International Olympic Committee 's ( IOC ) list of banned substances , but the Olympic rules generally prohibit doping of any kind , in accordance with its charter . After two years and several lawsuits in Olympic and Swiss courts , the skiers in question ( Johann Mühlegg of Spain , and Larissa Lazutina and Olga Danilova of Russia ) were stripped of all their medals from the 2002 Games . See the external links below for the official IOC press releases containing detailed information of the doping cases and their resolution , including initial , intermediate , and final amended results . This article gives the final medalists as decided on by the IOC in early 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somluck Kamsing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somluck_Kamsing', 'summary': "Somluck Kamsing ( name used in the 1996 Summer Olympics ) or Somrak Kamsing ( Thai : สมรักษ์ คำสิงห์ ; RTGS : Somrak Khamsing ; born January 16 , 1973 ) is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer and Olympic gold medal-winning amateur boxer . During the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok , Thailand , Kamsing lit the torch during the Games ' opening ceremony . Kamsing was born in Khon Kaen . His older brother Somrot Kamsing also competed at the highest level as an amateur boxer ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The boxing competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia was held at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre in Darling Harbour . The event was only open to men and bouts were contested over four rounds of two minutes each . Five judges scored the fighters in real time and the boxer with the most points at the end was the winner . Like other Olympic combat sports , two bronze medals are awarded ; in the case of boxing , both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal , with no further play-off . As a result , the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match , a semi-final to a silver medal match , and the final to a gold medal match . 48 medals are therefore available , half of which are bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vissanu Sophanich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vissanu_Sophanich', 'summary': "Vissanu Sophanich ( born July 4 , 1974 ) is a track and field sprint athlete who competed internationally for Thailand . He was on the Thai team in the Men 's 4 x 100 metre relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics . His best time is 10.38 seconds ( 2000 Asian Athletics Championships , Jakarta , 2000 ) . He holds the national 4-man relay record of 38.80 seconds , also in Jakarta on August 31 , 2000 , a performance which won the gold medal at the 2000 Asian Athletics Championships ( relay team members : Kongdech Natenee , Vissanu Sophanich , Ekkachai Janthana , Sittichai Suwonprateep ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , 44 events in athletics were contested . There were a total number of 2053 participating athletes from 191 countries .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somchai Chanthavanij', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somchai_Chanthavanij', 'summary': 'Somchai Chanthavanij ( born 10 May 1947 ) is a Thai sports shooter . He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics , the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul , South Korea . Competitions were held in a total of thirteen events - seven men 's events , four women 's events , and two events open to both genders . It was the first games for the 10 metre air pistol events , and the last for the 50 metre running target event , later replaced by 10 metre running target . It was also the first time the Olympic shooting competitions included finals for the top eight ( in some cases six ) competitors ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rangsit Yanothai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rangsit_Yanothai', 'summary': 'Rangsit Yanothai ( born 27 October 1936 ) is a Thai former sports shooter . He competed at the 1968 , 1972 and 1984 Summer Olympics . He also won several medals at the Asian Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Shooting at the 1984 Summer Olympics took place at Prado Olympic Shooting Park , Chino , California , United States . The games marked the first time that womens shooting events were included in the Olympic program .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rangsit Yanothai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rangsit_Yanothai', 'summary': 'Rangsit Yanothai ( born 27 October 1936 ) is a Thai former sports shooter . He competed at the 1968 , 1972 and 1984 Summer Olympics . He also won several medals at the Asian Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Shooting at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich comprised eight events . The running target event was re-added to the programme , after last appearing in 1956 . The events were held between 27 August and 2 September 1972 . All events were mixed , meaning both men and women were allowed to compete in the same events , against each other . Four women competed in these games .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Thailand at theOlympicsIOC codeTHANOCNational Olympic Committee of ThailandWebsitewww.olympicthai.or.th ( in Thai and English ) Medals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances20022006201020142018 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Thailand at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Thailand_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Thailand at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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How many participating athletes competed in the sport that was played by an olympian born July 4 , 1974 ?
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2053
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02b74e890b63012e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Yugoslav_Second_League', 'title': '1952 Yugoslav Second League', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Federal subject', 'Position in 1950'], 'data': [{'value': 'Budućnost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Budućnost_Podgorica', 'summary': 'Fudbalski Klub Budućnost Podgorica ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Будућност Подгорица , pronounced [ budǔːt͡ɕnoːst ] ) is a football club from Podgorica , Montenegro , currently competing in the Montenegrin First League . Its colours are blue and white . Founded in 1925 , Budućnost was the Montenegrin club with most appearances in the Yugoslav First League , debuting in 1946 . Due to the city being renamed during the communist rule in Yugoslavia , Budućnost was known as Budućnost Titograd throughout that era . Since Montenegrin independence in 2006 , the club has won three Montenegrin First League titles and one Montenegrin Cup . They are the Montenegrin club with the most games and seasons in European competitions , winning the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1981 . The team produced many European top-class players among whom are the UEFA Champions League winning strikers Dejan Savićević and Predrag Mijatović . FK Budućnost is a part of Budućnost Podgorica sports society .'}]}, {'value': 'Titograd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Podgorica', 'summary': "Podgorica ( UK : /ˈpɒdɡɒrɪtsə , pɒdˈɡɔːr-/ , US : /ˈpɒdɡəriːtsə , ˈpɔːdɡɒr-/ ; Montenegrin Cyrillic : Подгорица , pronounced [ pǒdɡoritsa ] ; lit . [ area ] below Gorica , Gorica being the name of a hillock overlooking the city ) is the capital and largest city of Montenegro . Between 1946 and 1992 - in the period that Montenegro formed , as the Socialist Republic of Montenegro , part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) - the city was known as Titograd ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Титоград [ tîtoɡraːd ] ) in honour of Josip Broz Tito . Podgorica 's favourable position at the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers and at the meeting-point of the fertile Zeta Plain and Bjelopavlići Valley has encouraged settlement . The city is close to winter skiing centres in the north and to seaside resorts on the Adriatic Sea . Podgorica Municipality covers 10.4% of Montenegro 's territory and is home to 29.9% of the country 's population . It is the nation 's administrative centre and its economic , cultural , and educational focus ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Montenegro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro', 'summary': "The Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora / Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора ) was one of the six republics forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It is a predecessor of the modern-day Montenegro . On 7 July 1963 , the People 's Republic of Montenegro ( Serbo-Croatian : Narodna Republika Crna Gora / Народна Република Црна Гора ) was renamed the Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( a change ratified both by the Federal Constitution and the newly created Montenegrin Constitution in 1963 ) with Serbo-Croatian as the official language . In 1991 , as the League of Communists in Montenegro changed its name to Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro after the first free elections , the adjective Socialist was deleted from the republic 's title ( ratified by the 1992 Constitution ) ."}]}, {'value': '003 3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dinamo Pančevo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Dinamo_Pančevo', 'summary': 'FK Dinamo Pančevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : ФК Динамо Панчево ) is a football club based in Pančevo , Serbia . They were formed in 1945 . The club has complete independence regarding organisation , management , finances , material goods and facilities . Also , there are several companies founded by Dinamo , working in various fields , as part of the Dinamo business system .'}]}, {'value': 'Pančevo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pančevo', 'summary': 'Pančevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Панчево , pronounced [ pâːntʃeʋo ] , Hungarian : Pancsova , Romanian : Panciova , Slovak : Pánčevo ) is a city and the administrative center of the South Banat District in autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . Pančevo is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina by population . According to results of the 2011 census , a total of 76,203 inhabitants live in the urban area , while the city administrative area of Pančevo has 123,414 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'SAP Vojvodina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Vojvodina', 'summary': 'The Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian : Социјалистичка Аутономна Покрајина Војводина , romanized : Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina ; often abbreviated SAP Vojvodina ) was one of two political entities formed in Yugoslavia after World War II and one of the two autonomous provinces of Serbia within the Yugoslavia ( the other being the Kosovo ) , between 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia . Until 1963 the province was named Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Аутономна Покрајина Војводина / Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina ) , and had a lower level of autonomy .'}]}, {'value': '009 9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kvarner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HNK_Rijeka', 'summary': "Hrvatski Nogometni Klub Rijeka ( English : Croatian Football Club Rijeka ) , commonly referred to as HNK Rijeka or simply Rijeka , is a Croatian football club from the city of Rijeka . HNK Rijeka compete in Croatia 's top division , HT Prva liga , of which they have been members since its foundation in 1992 . During the reconstruction of Stadion Kantrida , their traditional home ground , Rijeka play their home matches at Stadion Rujevica . Rijeka 's traditional home colours are all white . The club was founded on 29 July 1946 as Sportsko Društvo Kvarner ( Croatian ) / Società Sportiva Quarnero ( Italian ) . The club 's official name was changed to Nogometni Klub Rijeka on 2 July 1954 . In the summer of 1995 , the club management added the adjective hrvatski ( English : Croatian ) to the official name . Rijeka are the third-most successful Croatian football club , having won one Croatian First Football League title , two Yugoslav Cups , five Croatian Football Cups , one Croatian Football Super Cup and the 1977-78 Balkans Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Rijeka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rijeka', 'summary': "Rijeka ( /riˈɛkə , riˈeɪkə/ , also US : /riˈjɛkə/ , Croatian : [ rijěːka ] ( listen ) ; Hungarian : Fiume , Italian : Fiume [ ˈfjuːme ] ; Slovene : Reka ; German : Sankt Veit am Flaum ) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia ( after Zagreb and Split ) . It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay , an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,624 inhabitants . Historically , because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port , the city was fiercely contested , especially among Italy , Hungary ( serving as the Kingdom of Hungary 's largest and most important port ) , and Croatia , changing hands and demographics many times over centuries . According to the 2011 census data , the majority of its citizens are Croats , along with a large minority of Serbs , and smaller numbers of Bosniaks and Italians . Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County . The city 's economy largely depends on shipbuilding ( shipyards 3 . Maj and Viktor Lenac Shipyard ) and maritime transport . Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl . Zajc , first built in 1765 , as well as the University of Rijeka , founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632 School of Theology . Apart from Croatian and Italian , linguistically the city is home to its own unique dialect of the Venetian language , Fiuman , with an estimated 20,000 speakers among the autochthonous Italians , Croats and other minorities . Historically Fiuman served as the main lingua franca between the many ethnicities inhabiting the multiethnic port-town . In certain suburbs of the modern extended municipality the autochthonous population still speaks the Chakavian tongue , a dialect of the Croatian language ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska ) was a constituent republic and federated state of Yugoslavia . By its constitution , modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation . Along with five other Yugoslav republics , it was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war . It had four full official names during its 48-year existence ( see below ) . By territory and population , it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia , after the Socialist Republic of Serbia . In 1990 , the government dismantled the single-party system of government - installed by the Communist Party - and adopted a multi-party democracy . The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence , formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution .'}]}, {'value': '010 10th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metalac Zagreb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Kustošija_Zagreb', 'summary': "NK Kustošija is a Croatian football club based in Zagreb . It was founded in 1929 . As of the 2017-18 season , the club 's senior team participates in the 2 . HNL . Kustošija also have a football school attached to the club , where a number of children of famous Croatians have trained due to its location in the center of Zagreb ."}]}, {'value': 'Zagreb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zagreb', 'summary': "Zagreb ( /ˈzɑːɡrɛb , ˈzæɡrɛb , zɑːˈɡrɛb/ ; Croatian pronunciation : [ zǎːɡreb ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia . It is located in the northwest of the country , along the Sava river , at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain . Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m ( 400 ft ) above sea level . The estimated population of the city in 2018 was 820,678 . The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,086,528 , approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia . Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day . The oldest settlement located in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia , in today 's Ščitarjevo . The name Zagreb is recorded in 1134 , in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094 . Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242 . In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor , Janko Kamauf . Zagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division and is a consolidated city-county ( but separated from Zagreb County ) , and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts . Most of them are at a low elevation along the river Sava valley , whereas northern and northeastern city districts , such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain , making the city 's geographical image rather diverse ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska ) was a constituent republic and federated state of Yugoslavia . By its constitution , modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation . Along with five other Yugoslav republics , it was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war . It had four full official names during its 48-year existence ( see below ) . By territory and population , it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia , after the Socialist Republic of Serbia . In 1990 , the government dismantled the single-party system of government - installed by the Communist Party - and adopted a multi-party democracy . The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence , formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution .'}]}, {'value': '006 6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Napredak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Napredak_Kruševac', 'summary': 'Fudbalski klub Napredak Kruševac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Haпpeдaк Крушевац ) , commonly known as Napredak Kruševac , is a Serbian professional football club based in the city of Kruševac . The word Napredak means progress in Serbian .'}]}, {'value': 'Kruševac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kruševac', 'summary': 'Kruševac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Крушевац [ krûʃeʋats ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia . It is located in the valley of West Morava , on Rasina river . According to the 2011 census , the city administrative area has a population of 128,752 , while the urban area has 58,746 inhabitants . The city was founded in 1371 , by Prince Lazar of Serbia ( 1371-1389 ) , who used it as his seat .'}]}, {'value': 'SR Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia', 'summary': "The Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbian : Социјалистичка Република Србија , romanized : Socijalistička Republika Srbija ) , previously known as Federal State of Serbia and People 's Republic of Serbia , commonly referred to as Socialist Serbia , or simply as Serbia , was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It was the largest constituent republic in terms of population and territory . Its capital , Belgrade , was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Odred Ljubljana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Olimpija_Ljubljana_(1911–2004)', 'summary': "Nogometni klub Olimpija Ljubljana ( Slovene pronunciation : [ nɔɡɔˈméːtni ˈklúːp ɔˈlìːmpija ljubˈljàːna ] ; English : Olimpija Ljubljana Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Olimpija Ljubljana or simply Olimpija , was a Slovenian association football club based in Ljubljana . The club was founded in 1945 under the name NK Enotnost and adopted the name Olimpija in 1962 . Since the mid 1940s Olimpija had competed in the Yugoslav football system and between the late 1960s and late 1980s Olimpija was a regular member of the Yugoslav First League . Following Slovenia 's independence in 1991 they won four Slovenian Championships and four Slovenian Cup titles , and they had also appeared in European competitions such as the UEFA Cup , UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and UEFA Intertoto Cup . The club 's home ground was Bežigrad Stadium , an 8,211 capacity stadium in Bežigrad District in Ljubljana . Olimpija 's nicknames were The Dragons ( Zmaji ) , as dragon is a symbol of Ljubljana , and The Green-Whites ( Zeleno-beli ) , referring to their primary colours , green and white . The club was dissolved in 2005 due to high financial debt . A successor club which claims rights to Olimpija 's honours and records was established in 2005 ( originally called NK Bežigrad ) and they currently compete in the Slovenian top flight bearing the name Olimpija Ljubljana ."}]}, {'value': 'Ljubljana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ljubljana', 'summary': 'Ljubljana ( UK : /ˌljuːbˈljɑːnə , ˌlʊbliˈɑːnə/ , US : /ˌljuːbliˈɑːnə , liˌuː-/ , Slovene : [ ljuˈbljàːna ] ( listen ) , locally also [ luˈblàːna ] ; also known by other historical names ) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia . It has been the cultural , educational , economic , political , and administrative centre of independent Slovenia since 1991 . During antiquity , a Roman city called Emona stood in the area . Ljubljana itself was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century . Situated at the middle of a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region , it was the historical capital of Carniola , one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg Monarchy . It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 . After World War II , Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia , part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state .'}]}, {'value': 'SR Slovenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : Socialistična republika Slovenija , Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија ) was one of the six republics forming the post-World War II country of Yugoslavia . It existed under various names from its creation on 29 November 1945 until 25 June 1991 . In 1990 , while the country was still a part of the Yugoslav federation , the League of Communists of Slovenia allowed for the establishment of other political parties , which led to the democratization of the country .'}]}, {'value': '008 8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proleter Osijek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Osijek', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Osijek is a professional football club from Osijek in Eastern Croatia . Founded in 1947 , it was the club from Slavonia with the most seasons in the Yugoslav First League , and , after the independence of Croatia in 1992 , it is one of the four clubs that have never been relegated from the Croatian First League , the others being Dinamo Zagreb , Hajduk Split and Rijeka .'}]}, {'value': 'Osijek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osijek', 'summary': 'Osijek ( Croatian pronunciation : [ ôsijeːk ] ( listen ) ) is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 108,048 in 2011 . It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia , as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja County . Osijek is located on the right bank of the river Drava , 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) upstream of its confluence with the Danube , at an elevation of 94 metres ( 308 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': 'SR Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Croatia ( Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska ) was a constituent republic and federated state of Yugoslavia . By its constitution , modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation . Along with five other Yugoslav republics , it was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war . It had four full official names during its 48-year existence ( see below ) . By territory and population , it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia , after the Socialist Republic of Serbia . In 1990 , the government dismantled the single-party system of government - installed by the Communist Party - and adopted a multi-party democracy . The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence , formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution .'}]}, {'value': '007 7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radnički Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Radnički_Beograd', 'summary': 'FK Radnički ( Serbian Cyrillic : ФК Раднички ) is a Serbian football club based in New Belgrade . The club was until recently known by its sponsor name of FK Radnički Jugopetrol ( ФК Раднички Југопетрол ) , and is also often named as FK Radnički Novi Beograd ( ФК Раднички Нови Београд ) , although the club is officially named simply as FK Radnički Beograd because it was initially formed in Belgrade proper , and only later moved to New Belgrade area .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgrade', 'summary': "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia', 'summary': "The Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbian : Социјалистичка Република Србија , romanized : Socijalistička Republika Srbija ) , previously known as Federal State of Serbia and People 's Republic of Serbia , commonly referred to as Socialist Serbia , or simply as Serbia , was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It was the largest constituent republic in terms of population and territory . Its capital , Belgrade , was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia ."}]}, {'value': '005 5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudar Trbovlje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Rudar_Trbovlje', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Rudar Trbovlje ( English : Rudar Trbovlje Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Rudar Trbovlje or simply Rudar , is a Slovenian football club from Trbovlje , which plays in the Regional Ljubljana League , the fourth level of the Slovenian football system . The club have a long-standing local rivalry with NK Zagorje , which is known as Zasavje derby .'}]}, {'value': 'Trbovlje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trbovlje', 'summary': "Trbovlje ( pronounced [ təɾˈbɔ̀ːwljɛ ] ( listen ) ; German : Trifail ) is Slovenia 's ninth largest town , and the seat of the Municipality of Trbovlje . It is located in the valley of a minor left bank tributary of the Sava River in the Central Sava Valley in central-eastern Slovenia ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Slovenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : Socialistična republika Slovenija , Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија ) was one of the six republics forming the post-World War II country of Yugoslavia . It existed under various names from its creation on 29 November 1945 until 25 June 1991 . In 1990 , while the country was still a part of the Yugoslav federation , the League of Communists of Slovenia allowed for the establishment of other political parties , which led to the democratization of the country .'}]}, {'value': '014 14th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sloga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Sloga_Kraljevo', 'summary': 'Fudbalski klub Sloga Kraljevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Слога Kpaљeвo ) or simply Sloga Kraljevo , is a football club based in Kraljevo , in Serbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Rankovićevo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rankovićevo', 'summary': 'Kraljevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Краљево ; [ krǎːʎɛʋɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in central Serbia and the administrative center of the Raška District in central Serbia . It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar , in the geographical region of Šumadija , between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north , and Stolovi in the south . In 2011 the city urban area has a population of 68,749 inhabitants , while the city administrative area has 125,488 inhabitants . With an area of 1530 km² , it is the largest municipality ( after Belgrade ) in Serbia by area .'}]}, {'value': 'SR Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia', 'summary': "The Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbian : Социјалистичка Република Србија , romanized : Socijalistička Republika Srbija ) , previously known as Federal State of Serbia and People 's Republic of Serbia , commonly referred to as Socialist Serbia , or simply as Serbia , was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It was the largest constituent republic in terms of population and territory . Its capital , Belgrade , was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spartak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Spartak_Subotica', 'summary': 'Fudbalski klub Spartak Subotica ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Спартак Суботица ) is a professional football club from Subotica , Serbia , that plays in the Serbian SuperLiga . The club was founded in 1945 and was named after Jovan Mikić Spartak , the leader of the Partisans in Subotica , who was a national hero and was killed in 1944 . The club was named Spartak Subotica until the end of the 2007-08 Serbian League Vojvodina season when it was merged with Zlatibor Voda who won promotion to the Serbian First League thus gaining the name Spartak Zlatibor Voda . In 2013 the board decided to return the original name of the club : FK Spartak Subotica .'}]}, {'value': 'Subotica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Subotica', 'summary': 'Subotica ( Serbian Cyrillic : Суботица [ sǔbotitsa ] ( listen ) , Hungarian : Szabadka ) is a city and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region , contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province , following the city of Novi Sad . According to the 2011 census , the city itself has a population of 97,910 , while the urban area of Subotica ( with adjacent urban settlement of Palić included ) has 105,681 inhabitants , and the population of metro area ( the administrative area of the city ) stands at 141,554 people .'}]}, {'value': 'SAP Vojvodina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Vojvodina', 'summary': 'The Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbian : Социјалистичка Аутономна Покрајина Војводина , romanized : Socijalistička Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina ; often abbreviated SAP Vojvodina ) was one of two political entities formed in Yugoslavia after World War II and one of the two autonomous provinces of Serbia within the Yugoslavia ( the other being the Kosovo ) , between 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia . Until 1963 the province was named Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Аутономна Покрајина Војводина / Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina ) , and had a lower level of autonomy .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Velež', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Velež_Mostar', 'summary': 'Fudbalski klub Velež Mostar ( English : Football club Velež Mostar ) is a professional football club based in Mostar , Bosnia and Herzegovina . The club has a history of being one of the most successful clubs from Bosnia and Herzegovina . It was founded on 26 June 1922 . The club currently plays at Rođeni Stadium ( 7,000 capacity ) , but its historic stadium is the Bijeli Brijeg ( 9,000 capacity ) . Due to the divisions between Bosniak and Croat territories , FK Velež Mostar lost its previous home ground of Bijeli Brijeg Stadium . That stadium was largely used by FK Velež Mostar during the glory days of the club , when they triumphed in the 1981 and 1986 Yugoslav cups . The club also reached the quarter-final stage of the 1974-75 UEFA Cup . The club is named after a nearby mountain Velež , which is named after one of the old Slavic gods , Veles . During the time of former Yugoslavia , Velež was always in the Yugoslav First League and the team often ended the season in the top ten . Velež was the most popular and most successful team from Herzegovina to play in the top Yugoslav League . The team was very popular in Herzegovina , but also had fans all over Yugoslavia , and had a mixture of fans from all three main ethnic groups . Today , Velež is in the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is active in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and regardless of the difficult and divisive political situation , still has a mixture of fans from all three main ethnic groups .'}]}, {'value': 'Mostar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mostar', 'summary': "Mostar ( UK : /mɒˈstɑːr/ , US : /ˈmoʊstɑːr , ˈmɔːs-/ , Serbo-Croatian pronunciation : [ mǒstaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the administrative center of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country . Mostar was named after the bridge keepers ( mostari ) who in the medieval times guarded the Stari Most ( Old Bridge ) over the Neretva . The Old Bridge , built by the Ottomans in the 16th century , is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina 's most visited landmarks , and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans ."}]}, {'value': 'SR Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina', 'summary': 'The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Serbo-Croatian : Socijalistička Republika Bosna i Hercegovina / Социјалистичка Pепублика Босна и Херцеговина ) was one of the six constituent federal units forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It was a predecessor of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina state , and existed between 1945 and 1992 . It was subsequently given the higher status of a Socialist Republic , under strict terms of consociationalism known as ethnic key ( Bosnian : nacionalni ključ ) , based on the balance in the political representation of ethnic groups ( Serbs , Croats and Bosniaks ) . The capital city was Sarajevo , which remained the capital following independence . The Socialist Republic was dissolved in 1990 when it abandoned its socialist institutions and adopted liberal ones , as the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina which declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1992 . The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina was , up to 20 December 1990 , in the hands of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The borders of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina were almost identical to the ones Bosnia had during the period of Austro-Hungarian rule that lasted until 1918 . That year Bosnia became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and during that period the territory was divided among banovinas . When SR Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed , it included what were the territories of most of Vrbas Banovina , the western part of Drina Banovina , the northwestern part of Zeta Banovina , and the eastern parts of Banovina of Croatia .'}]}, {'value': '004 4th', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': "A total of twelve teams were supposed to contest the league , including nine sides from the 1951 season , two clubs relegated from the 1951 Yugoslav First League and one side promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1951 season . Spartak Subotica and Napredak Kruševac were relegated from the 1951 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 11th and 12th place of the league table . Rudar Trbovlje and Sloga Rankovićevo secured their status after additional play-off . BelgradeLjubljanaMostarOsijekPančevoRijekaZagrebTitogradTrbovljeSuboticaKruševacRankovićevo Locations of teams ' home cities in the 1952 Yugoslav Second League", 'uid': '1952_Yugoslav_Second_League_0', 'intro': 'The 1952 Yugoslav Second League season would be the 6th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. It was cancelled before the start of the competition and the clubs were relocated to third level.'}
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For the location with the fourth largest city in Croatia , what is the team ?
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Proleter Osijek
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02b844b546cba636
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)', 'title': 'Home Improvement (TV series)', 'header': ['Character', 'Actor/Actress', 'Episodes', 'Season'], 'data': [{'value': 'Timothy Tim Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Taylor_(character)', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Tim Allen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Allen', 'summary': "Timothy Alan Dick ( born June 13 , 1953 ) , known professionally as Tim Allen , is an American actor and comedian . He is known for playing Tim The Toolman Taylor on the ABC sitcom Home Improvement ( 1991-1999 ) and Mike Baxter on the ABC/FOX sitcom Last Man Standing ( 2011- ) . He also voices Buzz Lightyear for the Toy Story franchise and played Scott Calvin and Santa Claus in the Santa Clause film trilogy ( 1994-2006 ) . Allen 's other films include For Richer or Poorer ( 1997 ) , Jungle 2 Jungle ( 1997 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , Big Trouble ( 2002 ) , Christmas with the Kranks ( 2004 ) , The Shaggy Dog ( 2006 ) , Wild Hogs ( 2007 ) , Redbelt ( 2008 ) , and Crazy on the Outside ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': '( 204 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jillian Jill Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Taylor', 'summary': "Jillian Jill Patterson Taylor is a character in the TV sitcom Home Improvement played by Patricia Richardson . Jill is Tim Taylor 's wife . Jill helps Tim raise their three sons ( Brad , Randy , and Mark ) . Jill Taylor has appeared on critics ' lists of top TV or most memorable moms . For this role , Richardson was nominated four times for Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress - Comedy Series and also received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy ."}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Richardson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Richardson', 'summary': "Patricia Castle Richardson ( born February 23 , 1951 ) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Jill Taylor on the sitcom Home Improvement , for which she was nominated four times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two times for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Series - Comedy or Musical . Richardson also received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance in Ulee 's Gold ( 1997 ) ."}]}, {'value': '( 204 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bradley Michael Brad Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Zachery Ty Bryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zachery_Ty_Bryan', 'summary': 'Zachery Ty Bryan ( born October 9 , 1981 ) is an American actor and producer best known for his role as Brad Taylor on the American sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': '( 202 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Randall William Randy Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Taylor Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Taylor_Thomas', 'summary': "Jonathan Taylor Thomas ( born Jonathan Taylor Weiss ; September 8 , 1981 ) is an American actor and director . He is known for portraying Randy Taylor on Home Improvement and voicing young Simba in Disney 's 1994 film The Lion King and Pinocchio in New Line Cinema 's 1996 film The Adventures of Pinocchio ."}]}, {'value': '( 177 episodes , 1991-1998 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8 ( until episode 3 , guest star thereafter )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcus Mark Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Taran Noah Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taran_Noah_Smith', 'summary': 'Taran Noah Smith ( born April 8 , 1984 ) is an American former actor widely known for his role as Mark Taylor on the sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': '( 201 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilson W. Wilson , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl Hindman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_Hindman', 'summary': "Earl John Hindman ( October 20 , 1942 - October 30 , 2003 ) was an American film and television actor , best known for his role as the kindly unseen neighbor Wilson W. Wilson , Jr. on the television sitcom Home Improvement ( 1991-99 ) . Long before this role , however , he played villains in two 1974 thrillers , The Taking of Pelham One Two Three and The Parallax View . He also appeared in the films Who Killed Mary What 's 'Er Name ? ( 1971 ) , Greased Lightning ( 1977 ) , The Brink 's Job ( 1978 ) and Taps ( 1981 ) , and played the part of J.T . in the Lawrence Kasdan film Silverado ( 1985 ) . Hindman 's most famous and enduring pre-Home Improvement role was as Bob Reid in Ryan 's Hope . He played the role from 1975-84 and later returned for its final episodes in 1988-89 . Ex-police officer Bob Reid was everybody 's best friend who never got the girl and was the long-suffering brother of the soap 's serial bride Delia Reid Ryan Ryan Coleridge . Hindman 's wife ( Molly McGreevey ) was also on the soap 1977-81 as Polly Longworth , best friend to media tycoon Rae Woodard . His voice was heard on the Disneyland Railroad from 2002 until 2016 and on the Walt Disney World Railroad from 2002 until late 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '( 202 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'starring seasons 1-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Al Borland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Richard Karn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Karn', 'summary': 'Richard Karn Wilson ( born February 17 , 1956 ) is an American actor and former game show host . He starred as Al Borland in the 1990s sitcom Home Improvement and was the fourth host of game show Family Feud from 2002 to 2006 .'}]}, {'value': '( 201 episodes , 1991-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'recurring season 1 ; starring seasons 2-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heidi Keppert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Home_Improvement_characters', 'summary': 'This article contains character information for the American television sitcom Home Improvement .'}]}, {'value': 'Debbe Dunning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debbe_Dunning', 'summary': 'Debra Dunning ( born July 11 , 1966 ) is an American actress , model , executive producer , host , spokesperson and comedian .'}]}, {'value': '( 148 episodes , 1993-1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'recurring seasons 3-6 ; starring seasons 7-8', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Cast -- Main cast', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Home_Improvement_(TV_series)_0', 'intro': "Home Improvement is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen that aired on ABC from September 17, 1991 to May 25, 1999 with a total of 204 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons. The series was created by Matt Williams, Carmen Finestra, and David McFadzean. In the 1990s, it was one of the most watched sitcoms in the United States, winning many awards. The series launched Tim Allen's acting career and was the start of the television career of Pamela Anderson, who was part of the recurring cast for the first two seasons."}
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What actor/actress also appeared in the film Greased Lightning and once the voice for the Disneyland Railroad ?
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Earl Hindman
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02b91f465d0b3701
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay', 'title': 'Mariska Hargitay', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Downtown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downtown_(1986_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Downtown is an American crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 27 , 1986 until August 22 , 1987 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jesse Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In the Heat of the Night', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(TV_series)', 'summary': "In the Heat of the Night is an American police procedural crime drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title . It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs , and was broadcast on NBC from March 6 , 1988 until May 19 , 1992 , then on CBS from October 28 , 1992 until May 16 , 1995 . Its executive producers were Fred Silverman , Juanita Bartlett and O'Connor ."}]}, {'value': 'Audine Higgs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : ... And Then You Die', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_episodes', 'summary': 'The following are a list of episodes of the television series In the Heat of the Night , which aired from 1988 through 1995 .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Freddy 's Nightmares - A Nightmare on Elm Street : The Series", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Freddy's_Nightmares_–_A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street:_The_Series", 'summary': "Freddy 's Nightmares - A Nightmare on Elm Street : The Series is an American horror anthology television series , which aired in syndication from October 1988 until March 1990 . A spin-off from the Nightmare on Elm Street series , each story was introduced by Freddy Krueger ( played , as in the movies , by Robert Englund ) . The pilot episode was directed by Tobe Hooper , and begins with Freddy Krueger 's prosecution on child-murdering charges ending in a mistrial due to the discovery that his arresting officer did not read Freddy his Miranda rights . A mob of parents eventually corners Freddy in a boiler room ( his workplace ) , leading to him being torched by the police officer , dying and gaining his familiar visage . The series was produced by New Line Television , producers of the film series , and Stone Television . It was originally distributed by Lorimar-Telepictures . Afterwards , Warner Bros. Television would assume syndication rights after acquiring Lorimar-Telepictures in 1989 . On October 2 , 2015 , the El Rey Network announced that it would begin airing the series toward the end of the year , and on November 3 , 2015 , the series began airing on the network ."}]}, {'value': 'Marsha Wildmon', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Freddy 's Tricks and Treats", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/List_of_Freddy's_Nightmares_episodes", 'summary': "Freddy 's Nightmares is television series spin-off of the successful movie series A Nightmare on Elm Street . In the United States , the first episode of the series originally aired on October 8 , 1988 . The series ran for two seasons , ending on March 12 , 1990 , after 44 episodes . The series has had a limited release on VHS in the United States , United Kingdom , Australia , Brazil , Italy , and the Netherlands . In the United States , the series was released on September 11 , 1991 , in five volumes , with one episode per volume . The UK released eight volumes , with two episodes per volume . The other countries released the same episodes as that of the UK release . The UK released a two volume DVD set on June 9 , 2003 ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Falcon Crest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_Crest', 'summary': "Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4 , 1981 to May 17 , 1990 . The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry . Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing , the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery , opposite Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti , Angela 's nephew who returns after the death of his father . The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley ( modeled after the Napa Valley ) northeast of San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': 'Carly Fixx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_Crest', 'summary': "Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4 , 1981 to May 17 , 1990 . The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry . Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing , the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery , opposite Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti , Angela 's nephew who returns after the death of his father . The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley ( modeled after the Napa Valley ) northeast of San Francisco ."}]}, {'value': '15 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finish Line', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisa Karsh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baywatch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baywatch', 'summary': 'Baywatch is an American action drama television series about the Los Angeles County lifeguards as well as Hawaii Lifeguards who patrol the beaches of Los Angeles County , California and Hawaii , starring David Hasselhoff . The show was cancelled after its first season on NBC , but survived through syndication and later became the most-watched television show in the world . The show ran in its original title and format from 1989 to 1999 . From 1999 to 2001 , with a setting change and large cast overhaul , it was known as Baywatch : Hawaii . The series focuses on both professional and personal challenges faced by the characters .'}]}, {'value': 'Lisa Peters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Second Wave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Baywatch_episodes', 'summary': 'Below is a list of all the episodes from Baywatch ( 1989-2001 ) . The actual beach location in the series is located in California .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wiseguy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiseguy', 'summary': 'Wiseguy is an American crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 16 , 1987 , to December 8 , 1990 , for a total of 75 episodes over four seasons . The series was produced by Stephen J. Cannell and was filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , to avoid the higher studio costs associated with filming in Los Angeles . Wiseguy originally starred Ken Wahl as Vinnie Terranova , a Brooklyn native and deep cover operative for the FBI under the supervision of senior agent Frank McPike , played by Jonathan Banks . The primary cast was rounded out by Jim Byrnes , who played an information operative known as Lifeguard ( real name Daniel Burroughs ) who assisted Vinnie in the field . This cast remained together for three full seasons , after which Wahl left the series . The writers conceived a new lead character , Michael Santana , and brought on Steven Bauer to fill the role . On October 25 , 2011 , NBC announced a pilot commitment for an updated series written by Alex Cary .'}]}, {'value': 'Debbie Vitale', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Romp', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'thirtysomething', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thirtysomething_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Thirtysomething is an American drama television series created by Ed Zwick and Marshall Herskovitz for United Artists Television ( under MGM/UA Television ) and aired on ABC from 1987 to 1991 . It is about a group of baby boomers in their thirties who live in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and how they handle the lifestyle that dominated American culture during the 1980s given their involvement in the early 1970s counterculture as young adults . It premiered in the United States on September 29 , 1987 , and ran for four seasons until it was cancelled in May 1991 because the ratings had dropped and Zwick and Herskovitz moved on to other projects . The series won 13 Primetime Emmy Awards , out of 41 nominations , and two Golden Globe Awards . On January 8 , 2020 , ABC confirmed a television pilot that will serve as a sequel to the series has been ordered . The pilot will be directed by Zwick , written by Zwick and Herskovitz , and have four members of the original cast ( Olin , Harris , Busfield and Wettig ) reprising their roles .'}]}, {'value': 'Courtney Dunn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Fathers and Lovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Thirtysomething_episodes', 'summary': 'This is a list of episodes for the television series Thirtysomething .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Booker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Booker_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Booker is an American crime drama series starring Richard Grieco that aired on the Fox Network from September 24 , 1989 , to May 6 , 1990 . The series is a spin-off of 21 Jump Street and the second installment of the Jump Street franchise . The character of Dennis Booker was originally a recurring character on that police drama during its third season .'}]}, {'value': 'Michelle Larkina', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Black Diamond Run', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gabriel 's Fire", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gabriel's_Fire", 'summary': "Gabriel 's Fire is an American television series that ran on ABC in the United States during the 1990-91 television season . A revamped version of the series , entitled Pros and Cons , aired briefly the following season ."}]}, {'value': 'Carmen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Windows', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam-12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam-12_(1990_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Adam-12 ( also known as The New Adam-12 ) is a syndicated revival of the 1968-1975 series of the same name . Like the original , this program focused on the daily jobs and lives of two police officers whose patrol car is designated Adam-12 . This time , the officers assigned to Adam-12 were Matt Doyle ( Ethan Wayne ) and his partner Gus Grant ( Peter Parros ) .This series ran two 26-episode seasons consecutively for 52 straight weeks , so although it had two seasons it ran for one calendar year . The New Adam-12 was paired up with another revival of a Jack Webb television series : The New Dragnet . Both revivals were considerably different from the originals and can be considered revivals in name only .'}]}, {'value': 'Michelle Brown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Anatomy of a Rape', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tequila and Bonetti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tequila_and_Bonetti', 'summary': 'Tequila and Bonetti is an American comedy-drama crime series starring Jack Scalia . The series originally aired on CBS from January 17 , 1992 to April 17 , 1992 . It was later remade in 2000 , for Italian television .'}]}, {'value': 'Officer Angela Garcia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grapevine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grapevine_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Grapevine , created by David Frankel , premiered as a six-episode summer series on CBS on June 15 to July 27 , 1992 . It was not renewed . A revival of the series , with a different cast , premiered on CBS in February 2000 , lasting five episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Katie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Katie and Adam Story', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hotel Room', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hotel_Room', 'summary': "Hotel Room ( also called David Lynch 's Hotel Room ) is an American drama anthology series that aired for three half-hour episodes on HBO on January 8 , 1993 , with a repeat the next night . Created by Monty Montgomery and David Lynch ( who directed two episodes ) , each drama stars a different cast and takes place in hotel room number 603 of the New York City-based Railroad Hotel , in the years 1969 , 1992 , and 1936 , respectively . The three episodes were created to be shown together in the form of a feature-length pilot , with the hope that if they were well received , a series of episodes following the same stand-alone half-hour format would be produced later . Following a negative to lukewarm reception , HBO chose to not produce more episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'Diane', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Getting Rid of Robert Episode : Blackout', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hotel_Room', 'summary': "Hotel Room ( also called David Lynch 's Hotel Room ) is an American drama anthology series that aired for three half-hour episodes on HBO on January 8 , 1993 , with a repeat the next night . Created by Monty Montgomery and David Lynch ( who directed two episodes ) , each drama stars a different cast and takes place in hotel room number 603 of the New York City-based Railroad Hotel , in the years 1969 , 1992 , and 1936 , respectively . The three episodes were created to be shown together in the form of a feature-length pilot , with the hope that if they were well received , a series of episodes following the same stand-alone half-hour format would be produced later . Following a negative to lukewarm reception , HBO chose to not produce more episodes ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blind Side', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blind_Side_(1993_film)', 'summary': 'Blind Side is an HBO made for television movie starring Rutger Hauer , Rebecca De Mornay , and Ron Silver , directed by New Zealander Geoff Murphy . Written by Stewart Lindh , Solomon Weingarten , and John Carlen . Story by Stewart Lindh and Solomon Weingarten . Filmed in 1992 , the thriller debuted on HBO in January 1993 , then it aired later on NBC in April 1993 . It was released theatrically in a number of European countries , including France , Italy and Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Melanie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Key West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_West_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Key West is an American drama series set in Key West , Florida . Thirteen episodes aired on Fox from January to June 1993 . It was created by David Beaird . The show was produced by Viacom Productions ( now CBS Television Studios ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Laurel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Less Moonlight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_West_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Key West is an American drama series set in Key West , Florida . Thirteen episodes aired on Fox from January to June 1993 . It was created by David Beaird . The show was produced by Viacom Productions ( now CBS Television Studios ) .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seinfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seinfeld', 'summary': "Seinfeld is an American sitcom television series created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld for NBC . As a comedian rising in popularity in the late eighties , Seinfeld was presented with an opportunity to create a show with NBC . Seinfeld asked fellow comedian and friend , Larry David , to help create a premise for a sitcom . The show stars Seinfeld as a fictionalized version of himself , and mostly focuses on his personal life with a handful of friends and acquaintances , including best friend George Costanza ( Jason Alexander ) , friend and former girlfriend Elaine Benes ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer ( Michael Richards ) . Seinfeld is set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan 's Upper West Side in New York City . It is often described as being a show about nothing , as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life . Seinfeld was produced by West-Shapiro Productions and Castle Rock Entertainment and ran from 1989 to 1998 . In syndication , the series is distributed by Sony Pictures Television . It was largely written by David and Seinfeld with script writers who included Larry Charles , Peter Mehlman , Gregg Kavet , Carol Leifer , David Mandel , Jeff Schaffer , Steve Koren , Jennifer Crittenden , Tom Gammill , Max Pross , Dan O'Keefe , Charlie Rubin , Marjorie Gross , Alec Berg , Elaine Pope , and Spike Feresten . A favorite among critics , the series led the Nielsen ratings in seasons six and nine , and finished among the top two ( with NBC 's ER ) every year from 1994 to 1998 . Seinfeld is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms of all time . It has been ranked among the best television shows of all time in publications such as Entertainment Weekly , Rolling Stone , and TV Guide ."}]}, {'value': 'Melissa Shannon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Pilot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pilot_(Seinfeld)', 'summary': 'The Pilot is the two-part season finale episode of the fourth season of Seinfeld . It makes up the 63rd and 64th episodes and first aired on May 20 , 1993 . This two-part episode aired at an earlier time , 8:00 PM , to make room for the two-hour finale of Cheers , whose timeslot would be claimed by Seinfeld at the start of the new fall season . Approximately 32 million people watched this episode ( both parts ) when it initially aired , and the show became a major ratings grab for its next five seasons .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gambler V : Playing for Keeps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gambler_V:_Playing_for_Keeps', 'summary': "The Gambler is a series of American western television films starring Kenny Rogers as Brady Hawkes , a fictional old-west gambler . The character was inspired by Rogers ' hit single The Gambler ."}]}, {'value': 'Etta Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Etta_Place', 'summary': "Etta Place ( c. 1878 - ? ) was a companion of the American outlaws Butch Cassidy ( real name Robert LeRoy Parker ) and the Sundance Kid ( Harry Alonzo Longabaugh ) , both members of the outlaw gang known as the Wild Bunch . She was principally the companion of Longabaugh . Little is known about her ; both her origin and her fate remain shrouded in mystery . The Pinkerton Detective Agency described her in 1906 as having , classic good looks , 27 or 28 years old , 5 ' 4 to 5 ' 5 [ 163-165 cm ] in height , weighing between 110 and 115 lb [ 50 and 52 kg ] , with a medium build and brown hair ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'All-American Girl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All-American_Girl_(1994_TV_series)', 'summary': "All-American Girl is a 1994 American sitcom starring Margaret Cho . The series aired on ABC from September 14 , 1994 , to March 15 , 1995 . Cho starred as Margaret Kim , the rebellious daughter of Korean American bookstore owners in San Francisco , whose American attitude often comes into conflict with her more traditional parents ( Jodi Long and Clyde Kusatsu ) . Among her co-stars were BD Wong as Cho 's brother , and Amy Hill as her eccentric grandmother . The series is notable for being both groundbreaking and infamous . The series was the first prime time sitcom to feature an Asian American family as its focus ; however , it received criticism for its stereotypical characters . ABC 's attempts to form the show resulted in the show having a lack of direction , and leading viewers away from the series . After the first season , ABC wished to revamp All-American Girl into an ensemble series , but these plans were unrealized ."}]}, {'value': 'Jane', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Young Americans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_American_Girl_(1994_TV_series)', 'summary': "All-American Girl is a 1994 American sitcom starring Margaret Cho . The series aired on ABC from September 14 , 1994 , to March 15 , 1995 . Cho starred as Margaret Kim , the rebellious daughter of Korean American bookstore owners in San Francisco , whose American attitude often comes into conflict with her more traditional parents ( Jodi Long and Clyde Kusatsu ) . Among her co-stars were BD Wong as Cho 's brother , and Amy Hill as her eccentric grandmother . The series is notable for being both groundbreaking and infamous . The series was the first prime time sitcom to feature an Asian American family as its focus ; however , it received criticism for its stereotypical characters . ABC 's attempts to form the show resulted in the show having a lack of direction , and leading viewers away from the series . After the first season , ABC wished to revamp All-American Girl into an ensemble series , but these plans were unrealized ."}]}, {'value': '1995-96', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ca n't Hurry Love", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Can't_Hurry_Love", 'summary': "Ca n't Hurry Love is an American sitcom television series created by Gina Wendkos , starring Nancy McKeon that aired on CBS from September 18 , 1995 , to February 26 , 1996 ."}]}, {'value': 'Didi Edelstein', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 episodes', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Mariska_Hargitay_0', 'intro': 'Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (born January 23, 1964) is an American actress best known for her role as New York Police Department Captain Olivia Benson on the NBC drama series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay has starred on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1999. For her role on the show, Hargitay has received multiple awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy and a Golden Globe. The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield, Hargitay made her film debut in the 1985 horror comedy film Ghoulies and her major television debut in the 1986 adventure drama series Downtown. She appeared in numerous roles in film and on television throughout the late 1980s and 1990s before being cast on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitays work on that show led her to found the Joyful Heart Foundation, an organization that provides support to people who have been sexually abused.'}
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What is the name of the role Mariska Hargitay played in the series that is notable for being both groundbreaking and infamous ?
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Jane
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02b9b6f059a9f558
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando_Pastoral_Region', 'title': 'San Fernando Pastoral Region', 'header': ['Church name', 'Address', 'Community', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cathedral of St. Mary ( Byzantine )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_Byzantine_Catholic_Church', 'summary': "The Proto-Cathedral of St. Mary or Proto-Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine Catholic Church is a parish church and proto-cathedral of the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix , serving the Ruthenian Eastern Catholic population of Los Angeles , California , United States . It was the first Byzantine church in California . It is located on Sepulveda Boulevard in Sherman Oaks , Los Angeles , California . It is the only Byzantine Ruthenian Church in the territory of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles . In 1956 , the bishop of the Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh granted permission for a priest to minister in Los Angeles . In 1957 , the parish purchased land on Sepulveda Boulevard , and the new church was dedicated in 1961 . In 1976 , the third pastor , Father Eugene Linowski , re-ordered the liturgical services to conform with the authentic traditions of the Byzantine Church ( according to the Recension as prescribed by Rome ) . An icon screen was installed two years later . The screen maintains a traditional aura of mystery that separates the sanctuary from the rest of the church . At St. Mary 's the screen is a wrought iron grill with icons painted by local artist Mila Mina . Fr . Eugene Linowski became the first Rector of the Cathedral , from March to June 1982 ."}]}, {'value': '5329 Sepulveda Boulevard 34°10′02″N 118°28′00″W / 34.16722°N 118.46667°W / 34.16722 ; -118.46667 ( Cathedral of St. Mary Byzantine )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sherman Oaks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sherman_Oaks,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Sherman Oaks is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California , founded in 1927 . The neighborhood includes a portion of the Santa Monica Mountains , which gives Sherman Oaks a lower population density than some other areas in Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guardian Angel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10886 Lehigh Avenue 34°16′05″N 118°24′54″W / 34.26806°N 118.41500°W / 34.26806 ; -118.41500 ( Guardian Angel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacoima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacoima,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Pacoima , meaning running water , [ citation needed ] is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the northern San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles . Its name originates from the Fernandeño language . It was given this name due to the large streams of water which flowed through the area down from the mountain canyons . Notable people from Pacoima include musician Ritchie Valens , and muralists Judy Baca ( creator of the Great Wall of Los Angeles ) and Levi Ponce .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 26 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jesus Sacred Heart ( Antiochene Syrian )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10837 Collins Street 34°10′27″N 118°22′03″W / 34.17417°N 118.36750°W / 34.17417 ; -118.36750 ( Jesus Sacred Heart ( Antiochene Syrian ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Immaculate', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10390 Remick Ave. 34°15′32″N 118°26′05″W / 34.25889°N 118.43472°W / 34.25889 ; -118.43472 ( Mary Immaculate )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacoima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacoima,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Pacoima , meaning running water , [ citation needed ] is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the northern San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles . Its name originates from the Fernandeño language . It was given this name due to the large streams of water which flowed through the area down from the mountain canyons . Notable people from Pacoima include musician Ritchie Valens , and muralists Judy Baca ( creator of the Great Wall of Los Angeles ) and Levi Ponce .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 27 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Peace', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15444 Nordhoff St. 34°14′07″N 118°28′08″W / 34.23528°N 118.46889°W / 34.23528 ; -118.46889 ( Our Lady of Peace )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hills,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hills is a community in the north-central San Fernando Valley , and within the City of Los Angeles , California . North Hills was originally an agricultural community known as Mission Acres . After WWII , the newly-developed suburban community was renamed Sepulveda . In the latter 1990s , it was renamed North Hills .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 28 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Lady of the Holy Rosary', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7800 Vineland Ave. 34°12′46″N 118°22′11″W / 34.21278°N 118.36972°W / 34.21278 ; -118.36972 ( Our Lady of the Holy Rosary )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sun Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Sun Valley is a neighborhood in Los Angeles , California in the San Fernando Valley region . The neighborhood is known for its overall youthful population and moderate racial diversity . There are three recreation centers in Sun Valley , one of which is a historic site . The neighborhood has thirteen public schools - including John H. Francis Polytechnic High School and Sun Valley High School - and four private schools .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 29 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Rosa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '668 South Workman St. 34°16′58″N 118°27′00″W / 34.28278°N 118.45000°W / 34.28278 ; -118.45000 ( Santa Rosa )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Fernando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Fernando,_California', 'summary': 'San Fernando is a city in the San Fernando Valley , in the northwestern region of Los Angeles County , California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is bordered on all sides by the city of Los Angeles . As of the 2010 census the population of San Fernando was 23,645 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 30 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Anne Melkite ( Greek Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11211 Moorpark St. 34°09′02″N 118°22′32″W / 34.15056°N 118.37556°W / 34.15056 ; -118.37556 ( St. Anne Melkite )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Charles Borromeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo_Church_(North_Hollywood)', 'summary': 'St. Charles Borromeo Church is a Catholic church and elementary school located at Moorpark and Lankershim in North Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It is one of the oldest parishes in the San Fernando Valley dating back to 1921 . It has long been a parish with celebrity members and was the site of funerals for Bob Hope , Dorothy Lamour , and Robert Urich among other notables'}]}, {'value': '10828 Moorpark St. 34°09′00″N 118°21′58″W / 34.15000°N 118.36611°W / 34.15000 ; -118.36611 ( St. Charles Borromeo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 31 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Didacus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14339 Astoria St. 34°18′19″N 118°26′45″W / 34.30528°N 118.44583°W / 34.30528 ; -118.44583 ( St. Didacus )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sylmar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylmar,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Sylmar is the northernmost neighborhood of Los Angeles , California . Historically known for its profusion of olive orchards , Sylmar can trace its past to the 18th century and the founding of the San Fernando Mission . In 1890 olive production was begun in a systematic manner . The Sylmar climate was also considered healthy , and so a sanitarium was established , the first in a series of hospitals in the neighborhood . There are fourteen public and eight private schools within Sylmar .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 32 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Elizabeth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Elizabeth_Church_and_School_(Van_Nuys)', 'summary': 'St. Elisabeth Church and School is a Catholic church and elementary school located in Van Nuys , Los Angeles , California . It is one of the oldest parishes in the San Fernando Valley , having been established in 1920 . When the current Church was dedicated in 1948 , it was the largest Catholic Church in the Valley . St. Elisabeth Catholic School was founded by the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods , Indiana . The school opened its doors on September 11 , 1928 located in the heart of Van Nuys . The school first stood as one two-story building with four classes and an auditorium . In 2001 the Rogationist Fathers began the direction of St. Elisabeth Parish .'}]}, {'value': '6635 Tobias Ave. 34°11′30″N 118°27′08″W / 34.19167°N 118.45222°W / 34.19167 ; -118.45222 ( St. Elizabeth )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Van Nuys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Van_Nuys,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'Van Nuys /vænˈnaɪz/ is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California . Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building , it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 33 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Ferdinand', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1109 Coronel St. 34°16′54″N 118°26′37″W / 34.28167°N 118.44361°W / 34.28167 ; -118.44361 ( St. Ferdinand )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Fernando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Fernando,_California', 'summary': 'San Fernando is a city in the San Fernando Valley , in the northwestern region of Los Angeles County , California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is bordered on all sides by the city of Los Angeles . As of the 2010 census the population of San Fernando was 23,645 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 34 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Finbar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Finbar_Catholic_Church_and_School_(Burbank,_California)', 'summary': 'St. Finbar Catholic Church and School is a Roman Catholic church and elementary school on Olive Avenue in Burbank , California . It is the largest Catholic parish in Burbank , a city with a population of more than 100,000 people . St. Finbar gained notoriety over the years for its innovations in adapting to its multiethnic community , offering Vietnamese-language Masses to a wave of immigrants from Vietnam in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': '2010 West Olive Ave. 34°09′51″N 118°19′33″W / 34.16417°N 118.32583°W / 34.16417 ; -118.32583 ( St. Finbar )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burbank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burbank,_California', 'summary': "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of Southern California , United States , 12 miles ( 19 km ) northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the Media Capital of the World and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including Warner Bros. Entertainment , The Walt Disney Company , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , The Burbank Studios , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The Hollywood Burbank Airport was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . The city was referred to as Beautiful Downtown Burbank on Rowan & Martin 's Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 ."}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 35 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Francis Xavier', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3801 Scott Rd . 34°12′37″N 118°20′13″W / 34.21028°N 118.33694°W / 34.21028 ; -118.33694 ( St. Francis Xavier )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burbank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burbank,_California', 'summary': "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of Southern California , United States , 12 miles ( 19 km ) northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the Media Capital of the World and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including Warner Bros. Entertainment , The Walt Disney Company , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , The Burbank Studios , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The Hollywood Burbank Airport was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . The city was referred to as Beautiful Downtown Burbank on Rowan & Martin 's Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 ."}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 36 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Genevieve', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14061 Roscoe Blvd . 34°13′18″N 118°26′24″W / 34.22167°N 118.44000°W / 34.22167 ; -118.44000 ( St. Genevieve )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Panorama City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panorama_City,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': "Panorama City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles , California , in the San Fernando Valley . It has a generally young age range as well as the highest population density in the Valley . Ethnically , more than half the population was born abroad , a higher percentage than Los Angeles as a whole . Known as the valley 's first planned community following a transition from agriculture to a post-World War II housing boom , it has produced several notable residents . Today it is a mixture of single-family homes and low-rise apartment buildings . Panorama City has three high schools , two recreational centers , a senior center , two hospitals and a chamber of commerce ."}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 37 ] 9-12 [ 38 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Jane Frances de Chantal', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13001 Victory Blvd . 34°11′13″N 118°24′56″W / 34.18694°N 118.41556°W / 34.18694 ; -118.41556 ( St. Jane Frances de Chantal )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 39 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Patrick', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6153 Cahuenga Blvd . 34°10′56″N 118°21′43″W / 34.18222°N 118.36194°W / 34.18222 ; -118.36194 ( St. Patrick )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 40 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Paul Assyrian ( Chaldean Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13050 Vanowen St. 34°11′37″N 118°25′04″W / 34.19361°N 118.41778°W / 34.19361 ; -118.41778 ( St. Paul Assyrian )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles . It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , and it has seven public and eight private schools . There is a municipal park and a recreation center . The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region . North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887 . It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Paul Chung Ha Sang Korean Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9205 Aqueduct Ave. 34°14′15″N 118°28′28″W / 34.23750°N 118.47444°W / 34.23750 ; -118.47444 ( St. Paul Chung Ha Sang Korean Center )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Hills,_Los_Angeles,_California', 'summary': 'North Hills is a community in the north-central San Fernando Valley , and within the City of Los Angeles , California . North Hills was originally an agricultural community known as Mission Acres . After WWII , the newly-developed suburban community was renamed Sepulveda . In the latter 1990s , it was renamed North Hills .'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Robert Bellarmine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Robert_Bellarmine_Catholic_Church', 'summary': 'St. Robert Bellarmine Catholic Church is a Catholic parish on North Fifth Street in Burbank , California . It includes a Catholic church , elementary school , and high school . Founded in 1907 , it was one of the first Catholic churches in the San Fernando Valley . Known as Holy Trinity Parish until 1939 , it was renamed in honor of St. Robert Bellarmine . The church and school buildings on the St. Robert Bellarmine campus are modeled after colonial American buildings , including Monticello , Independence Hall , Mount Vernon and the library at the University of Virginia .'}]}, {'value': '133 North 5th St. 34°11′05″N 118°18′21″W / 34.18472°N 118.30583°W / 34.18472 ; -118.30583 ( St. Robert Bellarmine )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burbank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burbank,_California', 'summary': "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of Southern California , United States , 12 miles ( 19 km ) northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the Media Capital of the World and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including Warner Bros. Entertainment , The Walt Disney Company , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , The Burbank Studios , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The Hollywood Burbank Airport was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . The city was referred to as Beautiful Downtown Burbank on Rowan & Martin 's Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 ."}]}, {'value': 'K-8 [ 41 ] 9-12 [ 42 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Parishes -- Deanery 7 ( Central San Fernando Valley and Burbank )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'San_Fernando_Pastoral_Region_2', 'intro': 'The San Fernando Pastoral Region is a pastoral region of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles in the Roman Catholic Church. It covers the San Fernando, Santa Clarita, and Antelope Valleys. The current regional auxiliary bishop is Bishop Joseph V. Brennan. The Region has 54 parishes, 12 high schools, 2 hospitals, and 1 Spanish Mission.'}
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What corporation founded the neighborhood that is home to St. Anne Melkite ?
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Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company
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02bad3c7fd3f3412
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_verified_shortest_people', 'title': 'List of the verified shortest people', 'header': ['Nationality', 'Height', 'Name', 'Notes', 'Lifespan'], 'data': [{'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nepal', 'summary': "Nepal ( Nepali : नेपाल [ neˈpal ] ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked country in South Asia . It is located mainly in the Himalayas , but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . With an estimated population of 26.4 million , it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area . It borders China in the north and India in the south , east and west while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city . Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language . The name Nepal is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent , the era in ancient India when Hinduism was founded , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in Lumbini in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The centrally located Kathmandu Valley is intertwined with the culture of Indo-Aryans , and was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders ."}]}, {'value': '54.6 cm ( 21.5 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chandra Bahadur Dangi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chandra_Bahadur_Dangi', 'summary': 'Chandra Bahadur Dangi ( 30 November 1939 - 3 September 2015 ) ( Nepali : चन्द्रबहादुर दाँगी , listen ( help·info ) ) was a Nepali man who was the shortest man in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence , measuring 54.6 cm ( 1 ft 9 1⁄2 in ) . Dangi was a primordial dwarf . He broke the record of Gul Mohammed ( 1957-1997 ) , whose height was 57 cm ( 1 ft 10 in ) . Dangi came to the attention of the media when a wood contractor saw him in his village in the Dang district of Nepal . He was awarded the title of shortest adult human ever recorded after his height was measured in February 2012 . He was subsequently included in the Guinness World Records . Three of his five brothers were less than 1.22 m ( four feet ) tall , while his two sisters and two other brothers are of average height .'}]}, {'value': 'Chandra was declared the shortest human adult ever documented and verified , measuring 21.51 in ( 54.64 cm ) . Height confirmed by Guinness World Records', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': '1939-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '57.0 cm ( 22.4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gul Mohammed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gul_Mohammed', 'summary': 'Gul Mohammed ( February 15 , 1957 - October 1 , 1997 ) of New Delhi , India , according to Guinness World Records , was the shortest adult human being of his time whose existence and height have been independently verified . On July 19 , 1990 , he was examined by Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India , and he stood 1 foot 10.5 inches ( 57 cm ) tall and weighed 37.5 lbs ( 17 kg ) . He died on October 1 , 1997 , from respiratory complications and after a long struggle with asthma and bronchitis . His record was broken by Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal whose height was just 21.5 inches ( 54.6 cm ) .'}]}, {'value': "Guinness World Records verified Mohammed 's height at 22 in ( 57 cm ) . He was the shortest man ever verified up to 2012 , when he lost the title to Chandra Bahadur Dangi", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1957-1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': '59.9 cm ( 23.6 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junrey Balawing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Junrey_Balawing', 'summary': "Junrey Balawing ( /dʒuːnˈriː/ joon-REE ; Tagalog pronunciation : [ dʒunˈrɪ bɐˈlawɪŋ ] ( listen ) ; born June 12 , 1993 ) is a Filipino and record holder at the Guinness World Records . Balawing is the world 's shortest man alive measuring at 60.00 centimetres ( 23.62 in ) tall . The declaration came during Balawing 's 18th birthday celebration . Guinness World Records official said Balawing broke the record of Khagendra Thapa Magar of Nepal , who is 0.67 m ( 2 ft 2 1⁄3 in ) tall . He stopped growing at the age of 1 . Balawing , the son of a poor blacksmith , was born and lives in Sindangan , Zamboanga del Norte , about 865 kilometres ( 537 mi ) south of the capital Manila . Although he was documented as the shortest living man , he missed the title of shortest man in history , which was held until 2012 by Gul Mohammed of India , who was 57 centimetres ( 22 in ) tall and died on October 1 , 1997 . In February 2012 , Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal , who stands 54.6 centimetres ( 21.5 in ) tall was declared the world 's shortest living man . As a result , Junrey held the record for less than a year . Following the death of Chandra Bahadur Dangi on September 3 , 2015 , Balawing now holds the title of the shortest living man ."}]}, {'value': "Former shortest living man in the world , measuring 22.0 in ( 56.0 cm ) , verified by Guinness World Records in 2012 . Balawing became the world 's shortest living person again following Chandra 's death in September , 2015 , but is non-mobile", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': '1993-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '65 cm ( 26 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'István Tóth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shortest man claimant , was said to be 26 in ( 65 cm ) . Verification by Guinness World Records needs to be checked . István died in May 2011 at the age of 48', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': '1963-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nepal', 'summary': "Nepal ( Nepali : नेपाल [ neˈpal ] ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked country in South Asia . It is located mainly in the Himalayas , but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain . With an estimated population of 26.4 million , it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area . It borders China in the north and India in the south , east and west while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city . Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language . The name Nepal is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent , the era in ancient India when Hinduism was founded , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in Lumbini in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The centrally located Kathmandu Valley is intertwined with the culture of Indo-Aryans , and was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders ."}]}, {'value': '67 cm ( 26 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khagendra Thapa Magar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khagendra_Thapa_Magar', 'summary': 'Khagendra Thapa Magar ( Nepali : खगेन्द्र थापामगर ) ( 4 October 1992 - 17 January 2020 ) was a Nepali once known as the shortest man in the world , measuring 0.67 m ( 2 ft 2 in ) . Magar , who was a primordial dwarf , won the title of shortest man from Edward Niño Hernández when he turned 18 on 14 October 2010 . He lost the title in June 2011 to Junrey Balawing of the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': "Khagendra was the shortest man in the world until 2011 , when he became the world 's shortest mobile man . Guinness World Records has since made multiple categories for World 's shortest ...", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': '1992-2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taiwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '67.5 cm ( 26.6 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lin Yü-chih', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lin_Yü-chih', 'summary': "Lin Yü-chih ( 林煜智 ; pinyin : Lín Yùzhì ; b. ca . 1972 ) photo is the former shortest man in the world according to Guinness World Records . He resides in Taipei , Taiwan , where he works as an author and social activist . His name has sometimes been misspelled as Lin Yih-chih . In May 2008 he appeared in the British Channel 4 documentary called The World 's Smallest Man and Me hosted by Mark Dolan ."}]}, {'value': 'Former shortest man in the world until 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colombia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colombia', 'summary': "Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -\u2060LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law ."}]}, {'value': '70.21 cm ( 27.64 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edward Niño Hernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Niño_Hernández', 'summary': "Edward Niño Hernández is the world 's shortest living man . He was certified on September 4 , 2010 by the Guinness World Records . At 24 years of age Hernandez was 0.7 m ( 2 ft 3 1⁄2 in ) tall and weighed 10 kg ( 22 lb ) . He lives in Bogotá , Colombia . The previous titleholder , He Pingping of Inner Mongolia , was 1.5 inches taller and died on March 13 , 2010 in Rome , Italy , where he was filming the TV program Lo show dei record . Hernandez 's reign ended on October 14 , 2010 when Khagendra Thapa Magar of Nepal turned 18 . He reclaimed the record following Magar 's death on January 17 , 2020 . He appeared on the TV programme Susana Giménez in Argentina ."}]}, {'value': 'Named the shortest man after Pingping died in March 2010 , at 27.64 in ( 70.21 cm ) , but lost the title in October 2010 to Magar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '74 cm ( 29 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'He Pingping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/He_Pingping', 'summary': "He Pingping ( Chinese : 何平平 ; pinyin : Hé Píngpíng ; 13 July 1988 - 13 March 2010 ) was a Chinese citizen and , according to the Guinness World Records , at one time the world 's shortest mobile man ."}]}, {'value': 'Once officially verified as shortest living man ( mobile ) at 29 in ( 74 cm ) , until death in March 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-2010', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Men', 'section_text': 'Deceased Living', 'uid': 'List_of_shortest_people_0', 'intro': "This list includes the shortest ever verified people in their lifetime or profession. The entries below are broken down into different categories which range from sex, to age group and occupations. Most of the sourcing is done by Guinness World Records which in the last decade has added new categories for mobile and non mobile men and women. The world's shortest verified man is Chandra Bahadur Dangi, while for women Pauline Musters holds the record."}
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For the shortest person who lived from 1988-2010 , where does his country of origin rank in land area ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Somerset', 'title': 'North Somerset', 'header': ['Name', 'Status', 'Population', 'Former local authority'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abbots Leigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbots_Leigh', 'summary': 'Abbots Leigh is a village and civil parish in North Somerset , England , about 3 miles ( 5 km ) west of the centre of Bristol .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '799', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Backwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Backwell', 'summary': 'Backwell is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . It falls within the Unitary Authority of North Somerset and in 2011 had a population of 4,589 . The village lies about 7 miles ( 11 km ) southwest of Bristol , south of the A370 to Weston-super-Mare . The parish includes the hamlets of Backwell Common , Backwell Green , Backwell Farleigh and Lulsgate Bottom , and the districts of Backwell West Town and Downside ( not to be confused with the Downside near Chilcompton ) . Nearby are Nailsea , Flax Bourton , Yatton , Brockley and Barrow Gurney .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,589', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Banwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banwell', 'summary': 'Banwell is a village and civil parish on the River Banwell in the North Somerset district of Somerset , England . Its population was 2,919 according to the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,919', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Barrow Gurney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barrow_Gurney', 'summary': 'Barrow Gurney is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England , situated in the Unitary Authority of North Somerset on the B3130 , midway between the A38 and A370 near the Long Ashton bypass and Bristol Airport , 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) south west of Bristol city centre . The civil parish includes Barrow Common , and has a population of 349 . It is close to Barrow Gurney Reservoirs , which supply drinking water for Bristol , and feed the Land Yeo which runs alongside the B3130 through the village . It was also the site of Barrow Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '349', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Blagdon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blagdon', 'summary': 'Blagdon is a village and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Somerset , within the unitary authority of North Somerset , in England . It is located in the Mendip Hills , a recognised Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . According to the 2001 census it has a population of 1,116 . The village is about 12 miles ( 19 km ) east of Weston-super-Mare .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,116', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Bleadon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bleadon', 'summary': 'Bleadon is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . It is about 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) south of Weston-super-Mare and , according to the 2011 census , has a population of 1,079 .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,079', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Brockley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brockley,_Somerset', 'summary': 'Brockley is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . The parish is within the Unitary authority of North Somerset , about 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south of Nailsea , and includes the village of Chelvey . According to the 2011 census it had a population of 277 .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '277', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Burrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burrington,_Somerset', 'summary': 'Burrington is a small village and civil parish in Somerset , England . It is situated in the Unitary authority of North Somerset , 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) north east of Axbridge and about 10 miles ( 16 km ) east of Weston-super-Mare . The parish includes the hamlets of Bourne and Rickford and has a population of 464 .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '464', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Butcombe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Butcombe', 'summary': 'Butcombe is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . The village is situated just north of Blagdon Lake , in North Somerset . The parish has a population of 218 and mainly consists of family-owned farmland . It no longer has any amenities apart from a telephone kiosk and a letter box .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '218', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Churchill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Churchill,_Somerset', 'summary': "Churchill is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . It is located in the unitary authority of North Somerset , on the western edge of the Mendip Hills about 8 miles ( 12.9 km ) east of Weston-super-Mare . The parish , which includes the village of Lower Langford and the hamlet of Upper Langford has a population of 2,235 . The village has a post office with shop and tea rooms , a fish and chip shop , a memorial hall , a doctor 's surgery , a hotel , a number of bed and breakfasts , a sports centre with swimming pool , a dry ski slope and outdoor pursuits centre and four pubs : The Crown Inn , The Nelson Arms , The Stag and Hounds and The Churchill Inn ."}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,235', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Clapton in Gordano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clapton-in-Gordano', 'summary': 'Clapton in Gordano is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . It is situated within the Unitary authority of North Somerset on the southern side of the Gordano Valley , immediately adjacent to the M5 motorway . The parish has a population of 348 . There is a village football club , Clapton in Gordano FC . They currently run two sides with a view to continue progressing throughout the leagues . Their home ground is currently Clapton Lane , Portishead .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '348', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Cleeve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleeve,_Somerset', 'summary': 'Cleeve is a village and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Somerset , England . It is situated within the unitary authority of North Somerset , 9 miles ( 14 km ) south west of Bristol and has a population of 902 ( 2011 census ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '902', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Clevedon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clevedon', 'summary': "Clevedon ( /ˈkliːvdən/ , KLEEV-dən ) is an English town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset , which covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset . It recorded a population of 21,281 in the United Kingdom Census 2011 . It lies among a group of small hills , including Church Hill , Wain 's Hill ( topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort ) , Dial Hill , Strawberry Hill , Castle Hill , Hangstone Hill and Court Hill , a Site of Special Scientific Interest along the Severn estuary . It features in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Clevedon grew in the Victorian period as a seaside resort and in the 20th century as a dormitory town ."}]}, {'value': 'Town', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21,281', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clevedon Urban District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clevedon', 'summary': "Clevedon ( /ˈkliːvdən/ , KLEEV-dən ) is an English town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset , which covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset . It recorded a population of 21,281 in the United Kingdom Census 2011 . It lies among a group of small hills , including Church Hill , Wain 's Hill ( topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort ) , Dial Hill , Strawberry Hill , Castle Hill , Hangstone Hill and Court Hill , a Site of Special Scientific Interest along the Severn estuary . It features in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Clevedon grew in the Victorian period as a seaside resort and in the 20th century as a dormitory town ."}]}, {'value': 'Congresbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congresbury', 'summary': 'Congresbury is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England , which in 2011 had a population of 3,497 . It lies on the A370 between Junction 21 of the M5 and Bristol Airport , 13 miles ( 21 km ) south of Bristol city centre , and 7 miles ( 11 km ) east of Weston-super-Mare . The Congresbury Yeo river flows through the village . The parish includes the hamlet of Brinsea . The nearest railway station is Yatton , with trains provided by Great Western Railway , although Congresbury once had its own railway station on the Cheddar Valley Line from Yatton to Wells . It was also the starting point for the Wrington Vale Light Railway which went to nearby Wrington and then on to Blagdon .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,497', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Dundry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dundry', 'summary': "Dundry is a village and civil parish , situated on Dundry Hill in the northern part of the Mendip Hills , between Bristol and the Chew Valley Lake , in the English county of Somerset . The parish includes the hamlets of Maiden Head and East Dundry . The parish had a 2011 population of 829 . The village lies on the route of the Monarch 's Way long-distance footpath ."}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '829', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Easton in Gordano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Easton_in_Gordano', 'summary': 'Easton in Gordano ( /ɡɔːrˈdeɪnoʊ/ ) is a village in Somerset , England , about 4 1⁄2 miles ( 7 km ) northwest of Bristol city centre . It is part of the civil parish of Pill and Easton-in-Gordano and within the District of North Somerset . In 2011 the population of the parish was 4,828 . The village is close to junction 19 of the M5 motorway , making it popular with commuters working in the Bristol area . Most facilities are in the nearby larger village of Pill , or the town of Portishead which lies some 3 miles ( 5 km ) to the west .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,828', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Flax Bourton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flax_Bourton', 'summary': 'Flax Bourton is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . The parish , with a population of 715 , is situated within the Unitary Authority of North Somerset , on the edge of Nailsea Moor on the A370 road 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) south west of Bristol city centre . The village has a primary school , one pub named The Jubilee Inn , a church dating back to Norman times and is the home of Backwell Flax Bourton Cricket Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '715', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Hutton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hutton,_Somerset', 'summary': 'Hutton is a village and civil parish in Somerset , England . The parish , which has a population of 2,582 , is within the Unitary Authority of North Somerset and located on the western edge of the Mendip Hills , close to Weston-super-Mare . The hamlets of Elborough , Lower Canada and Upper Canada lie within the parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,582', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenn,_Somerset', 'summary': 'Kenn is a small village and civil parish in county of Somerset , England . It falls within the area of the North Somerset unitary authority . It lies on the B3133 road near Clevedon in the North Somerset Levels . The parish has a population of 431 .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '431', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Ashton Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Ashton_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Long Ashton was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 to become part of North Somerset . The parishes which were part of the district include Abbots Leigh , Backwell , Blagdon , Brockley , Clapton in Gordano , Cleeve , Dundry , Easton in Gordano , Flax Bourton , Kenn , Kingston Seymour , Long Ashton , Nailsea , Portbury , Portishead and North Weston , Winford , Wraxall and Failand and Yatton .'}]}, {'value': 'Kewstoke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kewstoke', 'summary': 'Kewstoke is a civil parish and village in Somerset , England , within the unitary authority of North Somerset , located next to the strip of coast called Sand Bay . Its population in the 2011 census was 1,690 .'}]}, {'value': 'Civil parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,690', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axbridge Rural District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axbridge_Rural_District', 'summary': 'Axbridge was a rural district in Somerset , England , from 1894 to 1974 . It was named after the town of Axbridge . It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 as a successor to the Axbridge rural sanitary district . In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 . The area was split between three districts . The civil parishes of Banwell , Bleadon , Butcombe , Churchill , Congresbury , Hutton , Kewstoke , Locking , Puxton , Wick St. Lawrence , Winscombe and Wrington , and part of the parishes of Blagdon , Burrington and Loxton became part of the Woodspring district in the new county of Avon , with the remainder of the district becoming part of the Sedgemoor district in Somerset .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Parishes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'North_Somerset_0', 'intro': 'North Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/) is a unitary district in Somerset, South West England. Whilst its area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset, it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in the town hall in Weston-super-Mare. North Somerset borders the city and county of Bristol and the local government areas of Bath and North East Somerset, Mendip and Sedgemoor. The area comprises the parliamentary constituencies of Weston-super-Mare and North Somerset.'}
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Which is the largest village in the former local authority that existed from 1894 to 1974 ?
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2,582
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02bbb0eea3c1ba88
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Methodist_churches_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of Methodist churches in the United States', 'header': ['Church', 'Dates', 'City , State'], 'data': [{'value': 'Wesley Temple AME Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesley_Temple_AME_Church', 'summary': 'Wesley Temple AME Church is a historic church at 104 N. Prospect Street in Akron , Ohio , United States . It was built in 1928 and added to the National Register in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': '1928 built 1994 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akron , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akron,_Ohio', 'summary': "Akron ( /ˈækrən/ ) is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County . It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau , about 30 miles ( 48 km ) south of Cleveland . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the city proper had a total population of 198,006 , making it the 119th-largest city in the United States . The Greater Akron area , covering Summit and Portage counties , had an estimated population of 703,505 . The city was founded in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams , along the Little Cuyahoga River at the summit of the developing Ohio and Erie Canal . The name is derived from the Greek word signifying a summit or high point . It was briefly renamed South Akron after Eliakim Crosby founded nearby North Akron in 1833 , until both merged into an incorporated village in 1836 . In the 1910s , Akron doubled in population , making it the nation 's fastest-growing city . A long history of rubber and tire manufacturing , carried on today by Goodyear Tire , gave Akron the nickname Rubber Capital of the World . It was once known as a center of airship development . Today , its economy includes manufacturing , education , healthcare , and biomedical research ; leading corporations include Gojo Industries , FirstEnergy , Huntington Bank , and Charter Spectrum . Notable historic events in Akron include the passage of the Akron School Law of 1847 , which created the K-12 system ; the popularization of the church architectural Akron Plan , the foundation of Alcoholics Anonymous , the Akron Experiment into preventing goiters with iodized salt , the 1983 Supreme Court case City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health ; and portions of the 2014 Gay Games ."}]}, {'value': 'First Methodist Episcopal Church of Alliance , Ohio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alliance , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alliance,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Alliance is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio . Most of the city is located in northeast Stark County while a small portion is in adjacent Mahoning County approximately 16 miles ( 26 km ) northeast of Canton , 27 miles ( 43 km ) southwest of Youngstown and 51 miles ( 82 km ) southeast of Cleveland . The population was 22,322 as of the 2010 census . Alliance was established in 1854 by combining three smaller communities . The city was a manufacturing and railroad hub for much of the 20th century and is also associated with the state flower of Ohio , the scarlet carnation , and is known as The Carnation City . The University of Mount Union , a private liberal arts college established in 1846 , is located in Alliance . Most of the city is part of the Canton-Massillon , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , while the small portion of the city in Mahoning County is within the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman , OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Bethel Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethel_Methodist_Church_(Bantam,_Ohio)', 'summary': "Bethel Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church building in rural Clermont County , Ohio , United States . Built in the 1810s under the leadership of one of Ohio 's earliest Methodist preachers , it has survived the death of its congregation , and it remains in use for community activities . Together with its cemetery , the building continues to be used occasionally , and it has been named a historic site ."}]}, {'value': '1818 built 1978 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bantam , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bantam,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Bantam is an unincorporated community in Clermont County , Ohio , United States . It is the location of Bethel Methodist Church , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Canal Winchester Methodist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canal Winchester , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canal_Winchester,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Canal Winchester is a city in Fairfield and Franklin counties in the U.S. state of Ohio . The population was 7,101 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'First Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_(Canton,_Ohio)', 'summary': "First Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic Methodist church building at 120 Cleveland Ave. , SW in Canton , Ohio . Renamed Church of the Savior United Methodist in 1968 . Then in 2014 , after its congregation was merged with Saint Paul 's United Methodist Church , it was renamed Crossroads United Methodist Church . William McKinley , 25th President of the United States , was an active member of the church . He served as a Trustee and Sunday School superintendent . His funeral was held here in 1901 . It was built in 1881 in a Gothic , Other , High Victorian Gothic style . The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canton , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton,_Ohio', 'summary': "Canton ( /ˈkæntən/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Stark County , Ohio , United States . It is located approximately 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Cleveland and 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of Akron in Northeast Ohio . The city lies on the edge of Ohio 's extensive Amish country , particularly in Holmes and Wayne counties to the city 's west and southwest . Canton is the largest municipality in the Canton-Massillon , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 73,007 , making Canton eighth among Ohio cities in population . Founded in 1805 alongside the Middle and West Branches of Nimishillen Creek , Canton became a heavy manufacturing center because of its numerous railroad lines . However , its status in that regard began to decline during the late 20th century , as shifts in the manufacturing industry led to the relocation or downsizing of many factories and workers . After this decline , the city 's industry diversified into the service economy , including retailing , education , finance and healthcare . Canton is chiefly notable for being the home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the birthplace of the National Football League . 25th U.S. President William McKinley conducted the famed front porch campaign , which won him the presidency of the United States in the 1896 election , from his home in Canton . The McKinley National Memorial and the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum commemorate his life and presidency . Canton was also chosen as the site of the First Ladies National Historic Site largely in honor of his wife , Ida Saxton McKinley ."}]}, {'value': 'Chesterville Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chesterville_Methodist_Church', 'summary': "The Chesterville Methodist Church is a United Methodist congregation in the village of Chesterville , Ohio , United States . Founded in the 1830s , it is Chesterville 's only church , and it worships in a landmark 1850s building . Constructed during the village 's most prominent years , the building is one of the most significant structures anywhere in the community , and it has been named a historic site as an important part of the village 's nineteenth-century built environment ."}]}, {'value': '1851 built 1979 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chesterville , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chesterville,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Chesterville www.thevillageofchesterville.com is a village in Morrow County , Ohio , United States , along the Kokosing River . The population was 228 at the 2010 census . Chesterville is southeast of Mount Gilead , the county seat .'}]}, {'value': 'Clifton Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'First German Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_German_Methodist_Episcopal_Church', 'summary': 'The Nast Trinity United Methodist Church is a historic congregation of the United Methodist Church in Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . Designed by leading Cincinnati architect Samuel Hannaford and completed in 1880 , it was the home of the first German Methodist church to be established anywhere in the world , and it was declared a historic site in the late twentieth century .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyde Park Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Northside United Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northside_United_Methodist_Church', 'summary': "The Northside United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church in the Northside neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . Constructed in the 1890s for a congregation more than sixty years old , the building has been named a historic site . The first Methodist Episcopal class in the Northside vicinity formed in the early nineteenth century , and their first building they completed in 1833 . Finished in 1892 , the present building is the congregation 's third ; although a second church replaced the pioneer structure , it was destroyed by fire in 1888 . After the decision was made to rebuild , the pastor arranged for the architectural services of Samuel Hannaford . :638-639 At the time , Hannaford was Cincinnati 's leading architect , due to his responsibility for the grand Cincinnati Music Hall near downtown . :11 He had further developed his reputation through frequent work with the city 's economic and political leaders , producing numerous grand houses in fashionable neighborhoods such as Walnut Hills and Avondale . :10 A Methodist himself , Hannaford was an active member of the Winton Place congregation , :691 and he had designed buildings for the German Methodist Church in Over-the-Rhine as well as for his own church . :5-6 Like many other stone Hannaford churches , :3 the Northside Methodist Church is built with rough-faced stone walls . Gothic Revival windows are set throughout the building , which is distinguished by a massive gable-topped section at one end of its irregular floor plan . At one side of the facade rises a tower , :6 within which the main entrance is set . Elements of limestone form the voussoirs around the Gothic Revival arches of the doorway , which frame wrought iron-supported doors and a transom of art glass ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Salem Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salem_Methodist_Church_Complex_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)', 'summary': "Salem Methodist Church Complex is a registered historic building near Cincinnati , Ohio , listed in the National Register on April 29 , 1982 . The Ohio Historical Marker placed in 1969 reads on one side , The Church . Families of Salem Settlement first held services in Francis McCormick 's log home . A log church was built here in 1810 on land McCormick gave for religious and educational purposes . A new brick church was constructed in 1828 . In 1863 the existing church was built , the bricks from the second church being used for the educational building next door . The reverse side reads , The Founder . Francis McCormick ( 1764-1836 ) , who fought under Lafayette at the siege of Yorktown , founded Methodism in the Northwest Territory . His evangelical and pioneer spirit led him from his Virginia birthplace to establish churches in the wilderness , first at Milford , Ohio , then here , at his village of Salem . He rests with his family and followers in the nearby churchyard ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Westwood United Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westwood_United_Methodist_Church', 'summary': "Westwood United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church in Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . Constructed in 1896 for an established congregation , it has been named a historic site . Westwood Methodist Episcopal Church formed in 1838 , and the members worshipped in each others ' houses until 1842 . By the 1890s , the members were ready for a newer building , and they contracted with master architect Samuel Hannaford to design it . Hannaford had designed numerous Cincinnati-area churches by this time , concentrating on the Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles . :3 Completed in 1896 , the building was functionally unchanged for its first thirty years , although the first of multiple additions was constructed in 1926.:6 The church occupies a corner lot at the heart of the Westwood neighborhood . A clear example of the Gothic Revival style , the church is distinguished by a tall steeple crowned by a yet taller spire . The overall massing of the building is composed by its multi-gabled form and extensive fenestration , filled with stained glass , and the exterior is covered with rough-faced ashlar stonework . :6 Slates cover the roof , and elements of copper and sandstone are prominent , due to the copper covering on the eight-sided spire and the large sandstone lintels surrounding the windows in the belfry and the main section of the building . Much of the building 's ornamentation is also placed on the steeple , including windows with fleurs de lis and quatrefoils in their designs , and buttresses supporting the overall structure . In 1974 , central Westwood was designated a historic district , the Westwood Town Center Historic District , and listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and the church ( now part of the United Methodist Church ) was included as one of the district 's contributing properties . :6 Six years later , the church was individually listed on the Register , along with more than fifty other Hannaford-designed buildings in the Cincinnati area ; like most of the other buildings in the group , it qualified for designation because of its historically significant architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Winton Place Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winton_Place_Methodist_Episcopal_Church', 'summary': "The Winton Place Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church building in the Winton Place neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , United States that was constructed as the home of a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the late nineteenth century . The congregation grew out of a group that was founded in 1856 ; although the members erected their first building in 1860 , they were not officially organized until 1872 . Among the leading members of the congregation was Samuel Hannaford , a prominent Cincinnati architect . When the congregation chose to build a new church building in 1884 , Hannaford was chosen as the architect for the project . At this time , Hannaford was near to the peak of his prestige : he had ended a partnership with another architect seven years before , and his reputation was growing with his designs of significant Cincinnati-area buildings such as the Cincinnati Music Hall . :11 Hannaford 's design was a stone building , one-and-one-half stories tall ; its foundation is constructed of limestone , laid in ashlar blocks , while its roof is composed of slates . It is predominately a Romanesque Revival structure , with certain elements that resemble the Richardsonian Romanesque style . :6 Among the most distinctive elements of its facade is a large Romanesque Revival arch above the entrance . Other Romanesque Revival details include three arcaded windows with columns , plus a large octagonal tower on the southeastern corner of the building , which features a belfry , narrow windows , and a steep slate roof . Two of the most important events in the history of this church building occurred after Hannaford 's death . Soon after he died on January 7 , 1911 , his funeral was held in the church , :11 and thirteen years later , the building was expanded . :6 Early in March 1980 , the Winton Place Methodist Episcopal Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Pansy Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pansy_Methodist_Church_and_School_Historic_District', 'summary': 'Pansy Methodist Church is a historic church at Pansy in Clinton County , Ohio , United States . Built in 1885 , it was formerly home to a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church . Few changes have been made to the church or to its adjacent church school since they were built : neither building has any central heating or plumbing , and the interiors retain the open , undivided floor plans with which they were designed .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clarksville , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarksville,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Clarksville is a village in Clinton County , Ohio , United States . The population was 548 at the 2010 census . It is served by the Clinton Massie branch of the Wilmington Public Library of Clinton County .'}]}, {'value': 'First Methodist Church ( Cleveland , Ohio )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Methodist_Church_(Cleveland,_Ohio)', 'summary': "First Methodist Church is a historic church in the Central neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland , Ohio . Located on the southeast corner of E.30th Street and Euclid Avenue , the church was built in 1905 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 . In 2010 , The congregation left the Euclid Avenue building to merge with Epworth-Euclid United Methodist Church to form University Circle United Methodist Church in Epworth-Euclid UMC 's University Circle building . Euclid Avenue Congregational Church , whose building in the Fairfax neighborhood was destroyed in a fire in 2010 , occupied the former First Methodist building from 2010 until mid-2014 before moving to a permanent building in South Euclid , a suburb of Cleveland . The former First Methodist building is currently unused , and was put up for auction in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/ KLEEV-lənd ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and the county seat of Cuyahoga County . The city proper has a population of 385,525 , making it the 52nd-largest city in the United States and the second-largest city in Ohio . Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 33rd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. , with 2,057,009 people in 2018 . A Gamma + city , Cleveland anchors the Cleveland-Akron-Canton Combined Statistical Area , which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States . The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie , across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately 60 miles ( 100 kilometers ) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border . It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River by General Moses Cleaveland . It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore , as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines . Cleveland 's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing , financial services , healthcare , biomedicals , and higher education . The city 's major cultural institutions include the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Cleveland Orchestra , Playhouse Square , and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Known as The Forest City among many other nicknames , Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system ."}]}, {'value': "St. John 's AME Church", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._John_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_(Cleveland,_Ohio)', 'summary': "St. John 's African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church at 2261 East 40th Street in Cleveland , Ohio . It was built in 1908 and added to the National Register in 1982 ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio', 'summary': "Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/ KLEEV-lənd ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and the county seat of Cuyahoga County . The city proper has a population of 385,525 , making it the 52nd-largest city in the United States and the second-largest city in Ohio . Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 33rd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. , with 2,057,009 people in 2018 . A Gamma + city , Cleveland anchors the Cleveland-Akron-Canton Combined Statistical Area , which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States . The city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie , across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately 60 miles ( 100 kilometers ) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border . It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River by General Moses Cleaveland . It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore , as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines . Cleveland 's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing , financial services , healthcare , biomedicals , and higher education . The city 's major cultural institutions include the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Cleveland Orchestra , Playhouse Square , and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Known as The Forest City among many other nicknames , Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system ."}]}, {'value': 'Broad Street United Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broad_Street_United_Methodist_Church_(Columbus,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'Broad Street United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church at 501 E. Broad Street in Columbus , Ohio . This church is one of five on E. Broad Street built around the year 1900 . It was built in 1885 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . The church was designed by Joseph W. Yost and Frank Packard with green serpentine stone . This stone was replaced by Rogers Krajnak Architects with synthetic stone that preserved the original green color .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio', 'summary': "Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio . With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates , it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation . This makes Columbus the second-most populous city in the Midwest ( after Chicago , Illinois ) . It is the core city of the Columbus , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses ten counties . With a population of 2,078,725 , it is Ohio 's second-largest metropolitan area . Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County . The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties . Named for explorer Christopher Columbus , the city was founded in 1812 , at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers , and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816 . The city has a diverse economy based on education , government , insurance , banking , defense , aviation , food , clothes , logistics , steel , energy , medical research , health care , hospitality , retail , and technology . The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute , the world 's largest private research and development foundation ; Chemical Abstracts Service , the world 's largest clearinghouse of chemical information ; NetJets , the world 's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet ; and Ohio State University , one of the largest universities in the United States . As of 2018 , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500 : American Electric Power , Cardinal Health , L Brands , Nationwide , and Big Lots , just out of the top 500 . In 2016 , Money Magazine ranked Columbus as one of The 6 Best Big Cities , calling it the best in the Midwest , citing a highly educated workforce and excellent wage growth ."}]}, {'value': 'King Avenue United Methodist Church ( Columbus , Ohio )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio', 'summary': "Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio . With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates , it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation . This makes Columbus the second-most populous city in the Midwest ( after Chicago , Illinois ) . It is the core city of the Columbus , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses ten counties . With a population of 2,078,725 , it is Ohio 's second-largest metropolitan area . Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County . The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties . Named for explorer Christopher Columbus , the city was founded in 1812 , at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers , and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816 . The city has a diverse economy based on education , government , insurance , banking , defense , aviation , food , clothes , logistics , steel , energy , medical research , health care , hospitality , retail , and technology . The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute , the world 's largest private research and development foundation ; Chemical Abstracts Service , the world 's largest clearinghouse of chemical information ; NetJets , the world 's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet ; and Ohio State University , one of the largest universities in the United States . As of 2018 , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500 : American Electric Power , Cardinal Health , L Brands , Nationwide , and Big Lots , just out of the top 500 . In 2016 , Money Magazine ranked Columbus as one of The 6 Best Big Cities , calling it the best in the Midwest , citing a highly educated workforce and excellent wage growth ."}]}, {'value': 'Methodist Episcopal Church ( Crestline , Ohio )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church_(Crestline,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'The Methodist Episcopal Church built in 1890 is an historic Methodist church located at Thoman and Union streets , in Crestline , Ohio . It was built by Bauer , Minich and Emmer in the Romanesque style . On October 27 , 1978 , it was added to the National Register of Historic Places . It is now the First United Methodist Church .'}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crestline , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crestline,_Ohio', 'summary': "Crestline is a village in Crawford and Richland Counties in the U.S. state of Ohio . Crestline 's population was 4,630 at the 2010 census . It is the third largest municipality in Crawford County . The Crawford County portion of Crestline is part of the Bucyrus Micropolitan Statistical Area , while the small portion of the village that extends into Richland County is considered part of the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area ."}]}, {'value': 'Stratford Methodist Episcopal Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stratford_Methodist_Episcopal_Church', 'summary': "The Stratford Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic former church building located near the city of Delaware , Ohio , United States . Constructed in the 1840s for workers in a company town , it was home to a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church until the community faltered following the company 's closure . Situated at the southern end of the company town , it remains prominent because of its architecture , and it has been named a historic site ."}]}, {'value': 'built NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delaware,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Delaware is a city in and the county seat of Delaware County , Ohio , United States . Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816 . It is located near the center of Ohio , is about 30 miles ( 48 km ) north of Columbus , and is part of the Columbus , Ohio Metropolitan Area . The population was 34,753 at the 2010 census , while the Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe , OH Combined Statistical Area has 2,002,604 people .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Selected salient ones -- Ohio', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Methodist_churches_in_the_United_States_34', 'intro': 'This is a list of Methodist churches in the United States. It includes notable churches either where a church means a congregation (in the New Testament definition) or where a church means a building (in the colloquial sense). It also includes campgrounds and conference centers and retreats that are significant Methodist gathering places, including a number of historic sites of camp meetings. This very limited list includes only historically or architecturally significant buildings, and omits many of the currently very largest and influential congregations which do not meet that standard. Methodism was founded with a large component being a rejection of past churches and was developed by John Wesley and others in large open-air gatherings in Great Britain. In the United States, Methodists (along with Baptists and other Protestants) were major participants in the Second Great Awakening wherein people would travel from a large area to a particular site to camp out, listen to itinerant preachers, and pray. The list also includes selected notable Methodist theological buildings. In the United States, numerous Methodist churches are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and on state and local historic registers, many reflecting the values of plainness, of Gothic architecture, of simple adornment. The Greek Revival style is also simple and came to be adopted for numerous American Methodist churches.'}
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What is the address for the Church in Akron , Ohio ?
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104 N. Prospect Street in Akron , Ohio , United States
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02bc4fb366551c96
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_NBA_Development_League_expansion_draft', 'title': '2010 NBA Development League expansion draft', 'header': ['Pick', 'Player', 'Pos', 'Nationality', 'Team', 'College'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith Clark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Legends', 'summary': 'The Texas Legends are an NBA G League team based in Frisco , Texas , and the minor league affiliate of the Dallas Mavericks . The franchise began as the Colorado 14ers in 2006 , before relocating to Frisco in 2009 and becoming the Texas Legends for the 2010-11 season . The Legends play their home games at the Comerica Center .'}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Oklahoma_Sooners_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team represents the University of Oklahoma in men 's NCAA Division I basketball . The Sooners play in the Big 12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Crawford *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Crawford_(basketball,_born_1986)', 'summary': "Joseph Reshard Crawford II ( born June 17 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball shooting guard who last played for the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League . He formerly played at the University of Kentucky and was selected with the 58th overall pick by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2008 NBA draft . He signed with the Lakers on August 27 , 2008 , but was waived October 22 , during the 2008-09 pre-season . Crawford 's brother , Jordan Crawford , played college basketball for Indiana and Xavier ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky . Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both all-time wins ( 2,293 ) and all-time winning percentage ( .765 ) . The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari . Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances ( 59 ) , NCAA tournament wins ( 131 ) , NCAA Tournament games played ( 184 ) , NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances ( 45 ) , NCAA Elite Eight appearances ( 38 ) , and total postseason tournament appearances ( 68 ) . Further , Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours ( tied for 2nd place all-time with UCLA ) , 12 NCAA Championship games , and has won 8 NCAA championships ( second only to UCLA 's 11 ) . In addition to these titles , Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament ( NIT ) in both 1946 and 1976 , making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships . Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty-three 20-win seasons , sixteen 30-win seasons , and six 35-win seasons . Throughout its history , the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players , both on the collegiate level and the professional level . Kentucky holds the record for the most overall NBA Draft selections ( 128 ) and three Wildcats have been selected as the first overall pick ( John Wall , Anthony Davis , and Karl Anthony-Towns ) . The Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches , including Adolph Rupp , Joe B . Hall , Eddie Sutton , Rick Pitino , Tubby Smith , and John Calipari . Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches ( Rupp , Hall , Pitino , Smith , Calipari ) ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Fey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins men 's basketball program represents the University of California , Los Angeles in the sport of men 's basketball as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Established in 1919 , the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles . Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons , from 1964 to 1975 , including seven straight from 1967 to 1973 . UCLA went undefeated a record four times ( 1964 , 1967 , 1972 , and 1973 ) . Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995 . Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008 . As a member of the AAWU , Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10 , UCLA set a NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until passed by Kansas in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Forehan-Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Forehan-Kelly', 'summary': 'Ryan Forehan-Kelly ( born January 14 , 1980 ) is a former professional basketball player and Associate Head Coach . He is currently the coordinator of player development for the Brooklyn Nets ( NBA ) .'}]}, {'value': 'G/F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The California Golden Bears basketball team is the college basketball team of the University of California , Berkeley . The program has seen success throughout the years , culminating in a national championship in 1959 under coach Pete Newell , and the team has reached the final four two other times , in 1946 and 1960 . The current head coach is Mark Fox , who began his tenure at Cal in 2019 . The team plays its home games at Haas Pavilion , which was long known as Harmon Gym before being heavily renovated with money donated in part by the owners of Levi Strauss & Co . The arena was originally known as Men 's Gymnasium and then later Harmon Gymnasium until the late 1990s when it went through renovations which displaced the team for two seasons ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gabriel Hughes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The California Golden Bears basketball team is the college basketball team of the University of California , Berkeley . The program has seen success throughout the years , culminating in a national championship in 1959 under coach Pete Newell , and the team has reached the final four two other times , in 1946 and 1960 . The current head coach is Mark Fox , who began his tenure at Cal in 2019 . The team plays its home games at Haas Pavilion , which was long known as Harmon Gym before being heavily renovated with money donated in part by the owners of Levi Strauss & Co . The arena was originally known as Men 's Gymnasium and then later Harmon Gymnasium until the late 1990s when it went through renovations which displaced the team for two seasons ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Peters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", 'summary': "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Franklin Marquieth Robinson ( born June 1 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball retired player . He played college basketball for the East Carolina University and the California State University , Fullerton .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cal State Fullerton', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Cal State Fullerton Titans men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University , Fullerton in Fullerton , California , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diamon Simpson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diamon_Simpson', 'summary': "Diamon Simpson ( born September 8 , 1987 ) is an American professional basketball player for Ironi Nahariya of the Israeli Premier League . He played college basketball for the Saint Mary 's College before playing professionally in the NBA D League , the Philippines , Turkey , Australia , Israel , Spain , Czech Republic and Venezuela ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Saint Mary 's ( CA )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Saint_Mary's_College_Gaels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Saint Mary 's Gaels men 's basketball team represents Saint Mary 's College in Moraga , California , competing in the West Coast Conference of the NCAA . The team plays home games in the University Credit Union Pavilion , capacity 3,500 ; it is one of the smaller gyms in the WCC . The current head coach is Randy Bennett , who is the school 's all-time wins leader . The Gaels have appeared in ten NCAA Tournaments - 1959 , 1989 , 1997 , 2005 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , 2013 , 2017 , and 2019 . On March 1 , 2013 , they were placed on probation by the NCAA for four years due to rules violations . Their two historic rivals are the San Francisco Dons and the Santa Clara Broncos , two other Catholic schools in the San Francisco Bay Area that are in the WCC . More recently , the Saint Mary 's Gaels have developed a rivalry with the Gonzaga University Bulldogs of Spokane , Washington . Many analysts and members of the media have touted the Gaels vs. Zags as one of the best , if not the best , college basketball rivalry on the West Coast . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dar Tucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dar_Tucker', 'summary': 'Darquavis Lamar Dar Tucker ( born April 11 , 1988 ) is an American-Jordanian professional basketball player for San Lorenzo of the Liga Nacional de Básquet . He played college basketball at DePaul University .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DePaul', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/DePaul_Blue_Demons_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The DePaul Blue Demons men 's basketball program is the NCAA Division I intercollegiate men 's basketball program of DePaul University in Chicago , Illinois . The team competes in the Big East Conference . The Blue Demons play home games at Wintrust Arena at the McCormick Place convention center on Chicago 's Near South Side ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Mookie Wright', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas Legends', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colorado_Buffaloes_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Colorado Buffaloes men 's basketball team represents the University of Colorado at Boulder . The team competes in the Pac-12 Conference of NCAA Division I . They are currently coached by Tad Boyle . The Buffaloes have competed in fourteen NCAA Tournaments , making it to the Final Four twice ( 1942 ) , and ( 1955 ) . Colorado has played in nine National Invitation Tournaments , winning the tournament in 1940 and making the semi-finals in 1991 and 2011 . The Buffs won the Pac-12 conference tournament in 2012 , their first season as a member ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Draft', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_NBA_Development_League_Expansion_Draft_0', 'intro': "The 2010 NBA Development League Expansion Draft was the fifth expansion draft of the National Basketball Association Development League (NBADL). The draft was held on August 31, 2010, so that the newly founded Texas Legends could acquire players for the upcoming 2010-11 season. All 14 of the available players in the draft pool came from the 2009-10 Los Angeles D-Fenders roster, who had to place their team on hiatus for 2010-11. The Legends were allowed to claim the rights to 10 of Los Angeles' 14 players. Besides the dispersal of the D-Fenders' roster, Texas was also able to draft local talent from the greater Frisco area. Two of the players that the Legends chose had previously been named NBA D-League All-Stars: Joe Crawford and Diamon Simpson. Crawford had also been an NBA Draft selection back in 2008 for the Los Angeles Lakers. The four Los Angeles D-Fenders that were not selected by the Legends out of the pool of 14 were Lawrence McKenzie (G), Ray Reese (F), Rodney Webb (F) and Horace Wormely (G)."}
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What is the capacity of the home basketball stadium of the college of Diamon Simpson ?
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3,500
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02bd1436fdfa4988
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen', 'title': 'Tiffani Thiessen', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Live-In', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Live-In', 'summary': 'Live-In is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from March 20 , 1989 to May 29 , 1989 . The series stars Australian actress Lisa Patrick and was described as an updated version of Nanny and the Professor .'}]}, {'value': 'Girl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Mommy and Me and Au Pair Make Three', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saved by the Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell', 'summary': "Saved by the Bell is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993 . A retooling of the Disney Channel series Good Morning , Miss Bliss , the show follows a group of high school friends and their principal . Primarily focusing on lighthearted comedic situations , it occasionally touches on serious social issues , such as drug use , driving under the influence , homelessness , remarriage , death , women 's rights , and environmental issues . The series starred Mark-Paul Gosselaar , Dustin Diamond , Lark Voorhies , Dennis Haskins , Tiffani-Amber Thiessen , Elizabeth Berkley , and Mario Lopez . The show spawned two spin-off series : Saved by the Bell : The College Years ( 1993-1994 ) , a primetime series that follows several of the characters to college , and Saved by the Bell : The New Class ( 1993-2000 ) , a Saturday morning series that follows a new group of students at Bayside High School . The series also spawned two TV movies , Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style in 1992 and Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas in 1994 . In later years , Saved by the Bell has been classified as educational and informational . The show was named one of the 20 Best School Shows of all Time by AOL TV ."}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Kapowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Kapowski', 'summary': 'The American television sitcom Saved by the Bell , that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993 , follows a group of six high school students and their principal , Mr. Belding .'}]}, {'value': 'Main role ( 75 episodes )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles in Charge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_in_Charge', 'summary': "Charles in Charge is an American sitcom starring Scott Baio . It debuted in 1984 and aired for a total of 126 episodes over five seasons . The series was a production of Al Burton Productions and Scholastic Productions in association with Universal Television . Baio starred as Charles , a college student attending the fictional Copeland College in New Brunswick , New Jersey , who finds a unique living arrangement with a family in need of a caretaker for their young children . The show also starred Willie Aames as Charles ' best friend Buddy Lembeck . The series premiered on CBS on October 3 , 1984 , and aired initially on Wednesday nights at 8 PM paired with another new sitcom , Dreams . Facing off against two hits in ABC 's The Fall Guy and NBC 's Highway to Heaven , neither show performed well and Charles in Charge was moved to Saturday nights after the cancellation of Dreams . CBS eventually decided to cancel the series after it made no improvement in the ratings after its move to Saturday , and Charles in Charge aired its final episode on April 3 , 1985 , in its original time slot . At the time of CBS ' decision to cancel Charles in Charge , a trend had emerged where network series , especially comedies , would find new life in first-run syndication after cancellation . Universal took advantage of this and relaunched Charles in Charge in syndication . The first new episode premiered on January 3 , 1987 , and four more seasons were produced before the show came to an end again on November 10 , 1990 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jennifer', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : There 's a Girl in My Ficus", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Married ... with Children', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Married..._with_Children', 'summary': "Married . with Children is an American television sitcom that aired on Fox , created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt . Originally broadcast from April 5 , 1987 to June 9 , 1997 , it is the longest-lasting live-action sitcom on Fox and the first to be broadcast in the network 's primetime slot . One episode was broadcast on FX on June 18 , 2002 . The show follows the suburban Chicago lives of Al Bundy , a once-glorious high school football player-turned-hard-luck women 's shoe salesman ; his lazy wife , Peggy ; their attractive , dumb and popular daughter , Kelly ; and their smart , horny and unpopular son , Bud . Their neighbors are the upwardly mobile Steve Rhoades and his wife Marcy , who later gets remarried to Jefferson D'Arcy , a white-collar criminal who becomes her trophy husband and Al 's sidekick . Most storylines involve Al 's schemes being foiled by his own cartoonish dim wit and bad luck . The series comprises 259 episodes and 11 seasons . Its theme song is Love and Marriage by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen , performed by Frank Sinatra from the 1955 television production Our Town . The first two seasons of the series were videotaped at ABC Television Center in Hollywood . From season three to season eight , the show was taped at Sunset Gower Studios in Hollywood , and the remaining three seasons were taped at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City . The series was produced by Embassy Communications during its first season and half of its second season and the remaining seasons by ELP Communications under the studio Columbia Pictures Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Heather McCoy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : What Goes Around Came Around', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hogan Family', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hogan_Family', 'summary': "The Hogan Family ( originally titled Valerie and later Valerie 's Family ) is an American sitcom television series that began airing on NBC on March 1 , 1986 and finished its run on CBS on July 20 , 1991 , for a total of six seasons . It was produced in association with Lorimar Productions ( 1986 ) , Lorimar-Telepictures ( 1986-1988 ) , and Lorimar Television ( 1988-1991 ) . Originally starring Valerie Harper in the titular role as a mother trying to juggle her career with raising three sons with an absent airline pilot husband , Harper 's character was killed off in the series after its second season , when Harper was fired from the series following contractual disputes . The series was initially renamed Valerie 's Family before Sandy Duncan joined the cast as Valerie 's sister-in-law and the boys ' aunt , and the series was ultimately renamed The Hogan Family ."}]}, {'value': 'Brooke', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : California Dreamin ' : Parts 1 & 2", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Step by Step', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Step_by_Step_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Step by Step is an American television sitcom that aired for seven seasons . It ran on ABC as part of its TGIF Friday night lineup from September 20 , 1991 to August 15 , 1997 , then moved to CBS , where it aired from September 19 , 1997 to June 26 , 1998 . Patrick Duffy and Suzanne Somers star as single parents , each with three children , who spontaneously marry during a Jamaican vacation after developing a budding relationship while Frank is Carols client , resulting in their becoming the heads of a large blended family .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Gordon', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Daddy 's Girl", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blossom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blossom_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Blossom is an American sitcom television series which broadcast for five seasons on NBC . It debuted as a pilot preview on July 5 , 1990 , and premiered as a mid-season replacement on January 3 , 1991 , and aired until May 22 , 1995 . Don Reo created the series , which starred Mayim Bialik as Blossom Russo , a teenager living with her father and two elder brothers . It was produced by Reo 's Impact Zone Productions and Witt/Thomas Productions in association with Touchstone Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricki', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Driver 's Education", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell:_Hawaiian_Style', 'summary': 'Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style is a 1992 made-for-television comedy film based on the television series Saved by the Bell and featured the regular cast of that series .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Kapowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Kapowski', 'summary': 'The American television sitcom Saved by the Bell , that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993 , follows a group of six high school students and their principal , Mr. Belding .'}]}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Television_movie', 'summary': 'A television film is a feature-length motion picture that is produced and originally distributed by or to a television network , in contrast to theatrical films made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters . Such a production has also been called a TV movie , TV film , television movie , telefilm , [ a ] telemovie , motion picture made for television , made-for-television movie , made-for-television film , direct-to-TV movie , direct-to-TV film , movie of the week , feature-length drama , single drama and original movie .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Powers That Be', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Powers That Be is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC from March 7 , 1992 to January 16 , 1993 . The series was created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and Norman Lear served as executive producer .'}]}, {'value': 'Barbara', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Intern', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Killer Among Friends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Killer_Among_Friends', 'summary': 'A Killer Among Friends is a 1992 made-for-television movie that aired on CBS on December 8 , 1992 . Based on a true story , the film stars Patty Duke as a mother grieving for her murdered daughter ( Tiffani Thiessen ) and sets out to find the killer . The film is based on the real life murder of Michele Avila .'}]}, {'value': 'Jenny Monroe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-94', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saved by the Bell : The College Years', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell:_The_College_Years', 'summary': 'Saved by the Bell : The College Years is an American television sitcom , and sequel to Saved by the Bell , that ran for one season from May 22 , 1993 to February 8 , 1994 . It is the third incarnation of the franchise . It is also the only series of the franchise to air on primetime television instead of Saturday mornings . It aired on NBC on Tuesday evenings .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Kapowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Kapowski', 'summary': 'The American television sitcom Saved by the Bell , that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993 , follows a group of six high school students and their principal , Mr. Belding .'}]}, {'value': 'Series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell:_Wedding_in_Las_Vegas', 'summary': 'Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas is the series finale for Saved by the Bell : The College Years . It was presented as a two-hour television movie that originally aired on NBC in 1994 . When aired in syndication , it is commonly split into two double-length episodes . TBS aired the episodes as four standard episodes , but because TBS aired a two-hour block of Saved by the Bell every weekday morning , all four episodes typically air consecutively . The hit Crosby , Stills & Nash song Live It Up was featured in the opening titles instead of the regular theme song and featured shots of Las Vegas at night . The film was shot on location in Los Angeles and at The Stardust Resort & Casino in Las Vegas .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Kapowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Kapowski', 'summary': 'The American television sitcom Saved by the Bell , that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993 , follows a group of six high school students and their principal , Mr. Belding .'}]}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994-98 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverly Hills , 90210', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_90210', 'summary': "Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American teen drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by Aaron Spelling under his production company Spelling Television . The series ran for ten seasons on Fox from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , and is the longest-running show produced by Spelling . It is the first of six television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise and follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California , as they transition from high school to college and into the adult world . 90210 refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes . The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) , moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota , to Beverly Hills , California . In addition to chronicling the characters ' friendships and romantic relationships , the show addressed topical issues such as sex , date rape , homophobia , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , eating disorders , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . After poor ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special summer season of the show while most other series were in reruns . Viewership increased dramatically , and 90210 became one of Fox 's top shows when it returned that fall . The show became a global pop culture phenomenon with its cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , who became teen idols ; the series also made actresses Shannen Doherty and Jennie Garth household names in the US . The show is credited with creating or popularizing the teen soap genre that many other successful television shows followed in the years to come . The show had many cast changes ; Jennie Garth , Tori Spelling , Brian Austin Green , and Ian Ziering were the only actors to appear during its entire run and appeared on the first episode of Melrose Place . On February 27 , 2019 , it was announced that a six-episode reboot has been ordered by Fox and that the show would simply be titled BH90210 ."}]}, {'value': 'Valerie Malone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Characters_of_Beverly_Hills,_90210', 'summary': 'The following is a list of characters from Beverly Hills , 90210 , an American drama series which aired from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on the Fox television network , before entering syndication . It is the first show of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . Throughout its decade-long run , the series had substantial cast changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Main role ( 136 episodes )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Stranger Beside Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Stranger_Beside_Me_(film)', 'summary': 'The Stranger Beside Me is a 1995 American made-for-television drama film directed by Sandor Stern and starring Tiffani Amber Thiessen as a young newlywed who suspects her charming husband ( Eric Close ) is not as charming or innocent as he seems . Though the film shares a title with a book about Ted Bundy ( and its 2003 film adaptation ) , it is not based on or inspired by the serial killer .'}]}, {'value': 'Jennifer Gallagher', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'She Fought Alone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/She_Fought_Alone', 'summary': 'She Fought Alone is a 1995 American television film directed by Christopher Leitch . The film , which is based on a true story , stars Tiffani-Amber Thiessen and Brian Austin Green , who were known for Beverly Hills , 90210 and Saved by the Bell , respectively , by the time of release . It was released on Region 2 DVD in 2000 and Region 1 in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Caitlin Rose', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweet Dreams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_(1996_film)', 'summary': 'Sweet Dreams is a 1996 television film directed by Jack Bender , written by Bruce Miller , and starring Tiffani Amber Thiessen as a woman who has no memory of her past after waking up from a coma . The film also stars Amy Yasbeck , A Martinez and David Newsom .'}]}, {'value': 'Alison Sullivan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buried Secrets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buried_Secrets_(film)', 'summary': 'Buried Secrets is a 1996 American drama horror television film directed by Michael Toshiyuki Uno , starring Tiffani-Amber Thiessen .'}]}, {'value': 'Annalisse Vellum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie ; also co-producer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cupid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cupid_(1998_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Cupid is an American comedy-drama television series created by Rob Thomas that aired on ABC from September 26 , 1998 to February 11 , 1999 and which featured Paula Marshall as Dr. Claire Allen , a Chicago psychologist who is given charge of a man named Trevor Hale ( Jeremy Piven ) . Hale believes he is Cupid , sent down from Mount Olympus by Zeus to connect 100 couples without using his powers , as a punishment for his arrogance . Originally broadcast on ABC on Saturday evenings at 10 p.m. EST , the show lasted one season .'}]}, {'value': 'Stephanie MacGregor', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Children 's Hour", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NewsRadio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NewsRadio', 'summary': "NewsRadio is an American sitcom television series that aired on NBC from March 21 , 1995 to May 4 , 1999 , focusing on the work lives of the staff of a New York City AM news radio station . It had an ensemble cast featuring Dave Foley , Stephen Root , Andy Dick , Joe Rogan , Maura Tierney , Vicki Lewis , Khandi Alexander , and Phil Hartman in his final regular role before his death . The series was created by executive producer Paul Simms and was filmed in front of a studio audience at CBS Studio Center and Sunset Gower Studios . The show 's theme tune was composed by Mike Post , who also scored the pilot ."}]}, {'value': 'Foxy Jackson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Assistant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Two Guys and a Girl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Two_Guys_and_a_Girl', 'summary': 'Two Guys and a Girl ( titled Two Guys , a Girl and a Pizza Place for the first two seasons ) is an American television sitcom created by Kenny Schwartz and Danny Jacobson . The series started as a short-run ( 13 episodes ) mid-season replacement on March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series ran for four seasons , ending with a planned series finale , its eighty-first episode , on May 16 , 2001 . The series starred Ryan Reynolds , Richard Ruccolo , and Traylor Howard as the title characters . The second season saw the arrival of two additional recurring characters , Johnny Donnelly ( Nathan Fillion ) and Ashley Walker ( Suzanne Cryer ) . In 2000 , for the fourth season , ABC bounced the sitcom from midweek to a Friday night death slot , leading to a steep drop in ratings . After the show moved back to Wednesday for a two-week trial in an unsuccessful attempt to regain ratings , it was cancelled in May 2001 . The series finale was titled The Internet Show , an episode in which fans of the show voted on the characters outcome online .'}]}, {'value': 'Marti', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 episodes', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Tiffani_Thiessen_0', 'intro': "Tiffani Amber Thiessen (born January 23, 1974) is an American actress. She is known for starring as Kelly Kapowski on NBC's Saved by the Bell (1989-93) and as Valerie Malone on Fox's Beverly Hills, 90210 (1994-98). Thiessen has also starred in other TV series such as Fox's Fastlane (2002-03), ABC's What About Brian (2007), and USA Network's White Collar (2009-14), as well as in a number of TV movies, and she has also appeared in several films like Son in Law (1993), Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the 13th (2000), Hollywood Ending (2002), and Cyborg Soldier (2008)."}
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Who is the role in the TV show that began airing on ABC from September 26 , 1998 to February 11 , 1999 ?
|
Stephanie MacGregor
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02bdc19176296dcd
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Looney_Tunes_television_specials', 'title': 'List of Looney Tunes television specials', 'header': ['Title', 'Year', 'LTGC availability ( all as special features )', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daffy_Duck_and_Porky_Pig_Meet_the_Groovie_Goolies', 'summary': 'Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies is a 1972 animated one-hour TV-movie ( with a live-action segment near the end ) that was part of The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie . In this Filmation-produced movie , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , and other Looney Tunes characters interact with the characters from the Filmation series Groovie Goolies . This movie is notable for being the one and only time that Warner Bros. loaned out their famous Looney Tunes characters to appear in a Filmation production ( otherwise they were a silent partner ) . Warner Bros. had shut down their animation studio in 1969 . While Warner Bros. had outsourced production to other companies since the 1960s , it was usually to studios run by former Warner Bros. alumni ( such as Friz Freleng and later Chuck Jones ) , something that was not the case with Filmation .'}]}, {'value': 'December 16 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Produced by Filmation , with the Looney Tunes characters on loan from Warner Bros. ( otherwise a silent partner ) < > Saturday morning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filmation', 'summary': "Filmation Associates was an American production company that produced animation and live-action programming for television from 1963 to 1989 . Located in Reseda , California , the animation studio was founded in 1962 . Filmation 's founders and principal producers were Lou Scheimer , Hal Sutherland , and Norm Prescott ."}]}, {'value': 'Carnival of the Animals', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bugs_and_Daffy's_Carnival_of_the_Animals", 'summary': "Bugs and Daffy 's Carnival of the Animals ( originally aired on TV as Carnival of the Animals ) is a live action/animated television special featuring the Looney Tunes characters Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck and directed by Chuck Jones . The special , based on Camille Saint-Saëns ' musical suite of the same name and consisting of entirely new animation , was purposely cast in the successful mold of Jones ' own earlier musical cartoons ( including Rabbit of Seville , Long-Haired Hare and Baton Bunny ) , and is set the familiar showbiz rivalry between Bugs and Daffy against the orchestral backdrop of conductor Michael Tilson Thomas , in a performance based on the music of Saint-Saëns and the poetry of Ogden Nash . Carnival of the Animals originally aired on CBS on November 22 , 1976 , and was the first Warner Bros.-commissioned work featuring Bugs Bunny following the release of the cartoon False Hare , as well as their first Looney Tunes production following the second closure of their original animation studio in 1969 . This is an abridged version of the work , omitting the Tortoise , Characters with Long Ears , Cuckoo and Swan movements and using the Pianists music over the ending credits ."}]}, {'value': 'November 22 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volume 5 , Disc 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5', 'summary': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 30 , 2007 . The four discs in this collection are devoted to themes and subjects the cartoons in each disc have in common . The first disc consists entirely of cartoons starring the two top stars of Warner cartoons , Bugs Bunny and/or Daffy Duck . The second disc consists entirely of cartoons which lampoon fairy tales . The third disc consists entirely of cartoons either directed or co-directed by Bob Clampett . The fourth disc titled Early Daze features rarely seen cartoons from the 1930s and early 1940s which were made in black-and-white . Continuing a pattern which began with Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 3 , the DVD set has a warning in the beginning of each disc that states that some of the cartoons contain ethnic and racial stereotypes that may be offensive to modern audiences ; however , like the fourth volume , the warning is shown on a title card rather than done as a special introduction . This volume did not sell as well as the previous volumes did , mainly due to the slump of the country 's economy at this point , and partly due to stiff competition from DVD release of rival studio Pixar 's Ratatouille . As a result , it was decided that both this and Volume 6 release outside of North America would be delayed/not occur . [ citation needed ] Eventually , the fifth volume was released on April 18 , 2011 in Region 2 UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Animation/live-action mix production Chuck Jones Enterprises', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthur 's Court ( retitled Bugs Bunny in King Arthur ` s Court for subsequent rebroadcasts )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 23 , 1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volume 6 , Disc 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_6', 'summary': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 6 is a four-disc DVD box set collection of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 21 , 2008 . Warner Home Video had announced that this will be the final release in the Golden Collection series . Succeeding the Golden Collection series would be the Looney Tunes Platinum Collection series on Blu-ray , which had its first release in November 2011 . On July 3 , 2012 , a two-disc DVD version of Volume 1 of the Platinum Collection was released . Volume 6 is far less child-friendly than the other five volumes in the series . Like Volumes 3 , 4 , and 5 , it has a warning before each disc about the shorts containing content that some viewers would not consider to be politically correct by today 's standards ( but will be shown uncut and uncensored for historical reasons ) , and as such , is intended for the adult collector . However , Volume 6 's disclaimer states that it is not suitable for children , as opposed to Volumes 3-5 stating that they may not be suitable for children . This is due to that in addition to containing cartoons that have racial and/or ethnic stereotypes ( like in Volumes 3 , 4 , and 5 ) and references to sexism in Robert McKimson 's Wild Wife , Volume 6 also contains many cartoons that pertain to World War II , most of them containing depictions or references to Adolf Hitler and Hideki Tojo or to Nazis and Imperial Japan in general . While Volumes 4 and 5 each had a couple explicitly WWII themed cartoons ( Plane Daffy and Scrap Happy Daffy , respectively ) , Volume 6 is notable for having an entire disc dedicated to the subject ( Disc 2 : Patriotic Pals ) , including several of its bonus cartoons . Volume 6 was originally only released in North America due to the poor sales of Volume 5 . However , the discs in this volume were not region-coded , making it easy for collectors outside of North America to import and play this set ."}]}, {'value': 'production Chuck Jones Enterprises', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bugs Bunny 's Looney Christmas Tales", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bugs_Bunny's_Looney_Christmas_Tales", 'summary': "Bugs Bunny 's Looney Christmas Tales is a 1979 animated Christmas television special featuring Bugs Bunny and other Looney Tunes characters in three newly created cartoon shorts with seasonal themes . It premiered on CBS on November 27 , 1979 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 27 , 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volume 5 , Disc 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5', 'summary': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 30 , 2007 . The four discs in this collection are devoted to themes and subjects the cartoons in each disc have in common . The first disc consists entirely of cartoons starring the two top stars of Warner cartoons , Bugs Bunny and/or Daffy Duck . The second disc consists entirely of cartoons which lampoon fairy tales . The third disc consists entirely of cartoons either directed or co-directed by Bob Clampett . The fourth disc titled Early Daze features rarely seen cartoons from the 1930s and early 1940s which were made in black-and-white . Continuing a pattern which began with Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 3 , the DVD set has a warning in the beginning of each disc that states that some of the cartoons contain ethnic and racial stereotypes that may be offensive to modern audiences ; however , like the fourth volume , the warning is shown on a title card rather than done as a special introduction . This volume did not sell as well as the previous volumes did , mainly due to the slump of the country 's economy at this point , and partly due to stiff competition from DVD release of rival studio Pixar 's Ratatouille . As a result , it was decided that both this and Volume 6 release outside of North America would be delayed/not occur . [ citation needed ] Eventually , the fifth volume was released on April 18 , 2011 in Region 2 UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Three TV shorts later edited out of it', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Daffy Duck Easter Show', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1 , 1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volume 6 , Disc 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_6', 'summary': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 6 is a four-disc DVD box set collection of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 21 , 2008 . Warner Home Video had announced that this will be the final release in the Golden Collection series . Succeeding the Golden Collection series would be the Looney Tunes Platinum Collection series on Blu-ray , which had its first release in November 2011 . On July 3 , 2012 , a two-disc DVD version of Volume 1 of the Platinum Collection was released . Volume 6 is far less child-friendly than the other five volumes in the series . Like Volumes 3 , 4 , and 5 , it has a warning before each disc about the shorts containing content that some viewers would not consider to be politically correct by today 's standards ( but will be shown uncut and uncensored for historical reasons ) , and as such , is intended for the adult collector . However , Volume 6 's disclaimer states that it is not suitable for children , as opposed to Volumes 3-5 stating that they may not be suitable for children . This is due to that in addition to containing cartoons that have racial and/or ethnic stereotypes ( like in Volumes 3 , 4 , and 5 ) and references to sexism in Robert McKimson 's Wild Wife , Volume 6 also contains many cartoons that pertain to World War II , most of them containing depictions or references to Adolf Hitler and Hideki Tojo or to Nazis and Imperial Japan in general . While Volumes 4 and 5 each had a couple explicitly WWII themed cartoons ( Plane Daffy and Scrap Happy Daffy , respectively ) , Volume 6 is notable for having an entire disc dedicated to the subject ( Disc 2 : Patriotic Pals ) , including several of its bonus cartoons . Volume 6 was originally only released in North America due to the poor sales of Volume 5 . However , the discs in this volume were not region-coded , making it easy for collectors outside of North America to import and play this set ."}]}, {'value': 'Three TV shorts later edited out of it', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bugs Bunny 's Bustin ' Out All Over", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bugs_Bunny's_Bustin'_Out_All_Over", 'summary': "Bugs Bunny 's Bustin ' Out All Over is a Looney Tunes television special which aired on CBS on May 21 , 1980 . It featured three new cartoons , which featured Bugs Bunny and other Looney Tunes characters . The theme of this special is Springtime . It is included as a special feature on the Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 5 DVD box set ."}]}, {'value': 'May 21 , 1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volume 5 , Disc 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5', 'summary': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 30 , 2007 . The four discs in this collection are devoted to themes and subjects the cartoons in each disc have in common . The first disc consists entirely of cartoons starring the two top stars of Warner cartoons , Bugs Bunny and/or Daffy Duck . The second disc consists entirely of cartoons which lampoon fairy tales . The third disc consists entirely of cartoons either directed or co-directed by Bob Clampett . The fourth disc titled Early Daze features rarely seen cartoons from the 1930s and early 1940s which were made in black-and-white . Continuing a pattern which began with Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 3 , the DVD set has a warning in the beginning of each disc that states that some of the cartoons contain ethnic and racial stereotypes that may be offensive to modern audiences ; however , like the fourth volume , the warning is shown on a title card rather than done as a special introduction . This volume did not sell as well as the previous volumes did , mainly due to the slump of the country 's economy at this point , and partly due to stiff competition from DVD release of rival studio Pixar 's Ratatouille . As a result , it was decided that both this and Volume 6 release outside of North America would be delayed/not occur . [ citation needed ] Eventually , the fifth volume was released on April 18 , 2011 in Region 2 UK ."}]}, {'value': 'Three TV shorts later edited out of it . Also available on The Essential Bugs Bunny ( 10/12/2010 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ounce of Prevention', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awareness video about burn prevention in the home', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartoon_All-Stars_to_the_Rescue', 'summary': "Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue is a 1990 American animated drug-abuse prevention television special starring many of the popular cartoon characters from American weekday , Sunday morning , and Saturday morning television at the time of its release . Financed by McDonald 's , Ronald McDonald Children 's Charities , it was originally simulcast on April 21 , 1990 on all four major American television networks ( by supporting their Saturday morning characters ) : ABC , CBS , NBC and Fox , and most independent stations , as well as various cable networks . McDonald 's also distributed a VHS home video edition of it , produced by Buena Vista Home Video , which opened with an introduction from President George H. W. Bush , First Lady Barbara Bush and their dog , Millie . It was produced by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation and Southern Star Productions , and was animated overseas by Wang Film Productions Co. , Ltd . The musical number Wonderful Ways to Say No was written by Academy-Award-winning composer , Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman , who also wrote the songs for Disney 's The Little Mermaid , Beauty and the Beast , and Aladdin . The plot chronicles the exploits of Michael , a young teenage boy who is using marijuana and stealing his father 's beer . His younger sister , Corey , is constantly worried about him because he started acting differently . When her piggy bank goes missing , her cartoon tie-in toys come to life to help her find it . After discovering it in Michael 's room along with his stash of drugs , the cartoon characters proceed to work together and take him on a fantasy journey to teach him the risks and consequences a life of drug abuse can bring ."}]}, {'value': 'April 21 , 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'drug-abuse prevention television special', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Original specials', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Looney_Tunes_television_specials_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of television specials based on the Looney Tunes series of theatrical animated shorts. Note all specials were originally aired in prime-time unless otherwise noted.'}
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What is the title of the animated Christmas television special featuring Bugs Bunny and other Looney Tunes characters with seasonal themes ?
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Bugs Bunny 's Looney Christmas Tales
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02be8dfc679a9858
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Webster_County,_Iowa', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Webster County, Iowa', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lorenzo S. Coffin Burial Plot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lorenzo_S._Coffin_Burial_Plot', 'summary': "The Lorenzo S. Coffin Burial Plot is a historic structure located northwest of Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . Initially , the various members of the Coffin family had individual grave markers , but after Lorenzo Coffin 's death , they were incorporated into a concrete wall . The surrounding graves are those of non-family members . The Coffin family home was originally to the west of the grave site . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 17 , 1977 ( # 77000566 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwest of Fort Dodge on Iowa Highway 7 42°31′40″N 94°14′26″W / 42.527778°N 94.240556°W / 42.527778 ; -94.240556 ( Lorenzo S. Coffin Burial Plot )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Highway_7', 'summary': 'Iowa Highway 7 is a state highway that runs from east to west across the northwestern portion of Iowa . Highway 7 is a fair sized highway in Iowa , at 74 miles ( 119 kilometers ) long . The western terminus of Iowa Highway 7 is at Iowa Highway 3 north of Aurelia . The eastern terminus of Iowa 7 is at U.S. Highway 169 near Fort Dodge .'}]}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corpus Christi Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Catholic_Church_(Fort_Dodge,_Iowa)', 'summary': 'Corpus Christi Catholic Church is a parish of the Diocese of Sioux City . The church is located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'October 8 , 1976 ( # 76000812 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '416 N. 8th St. 42°30′31″N 94°11′20″W / 42.508611°N 94.188889°W / 42.508611 ; -94.188889 ( Corpus Christi Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dolliver Memorial State Park , Entrance Area ( Area A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolliver_Memorial_State_Park', 'summary': 'Dolliver Memorial State Park is a state park of Iowa , US , featuring high bluffs and deep ravines on the Des Moines River . The park is located 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of Fort Dodge and 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) northwest of Lehigh . The park contains two listings on the National Register of Historic Places : Dolliver Memorial State Park , Entrance Area ( Area A ) and Dolliver Memorial State Park , Picnic , Hiking & Maintenance Area ( Area B ) .'}]}, {'value': 'November 15 , 1990 ( # 90001684 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North of Iowa Highway 50 on the Des Moines River 42°24′06″N 94°04′56″W / 42.401667°N 94.082222°W / 42.401667 ; -94.082222 ( Dolliver Memorial State Park , Entrance Area ( Area A ) )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Highway_50', 'summary': "On July 1 , 2003 , the Iowa Department of Transportation transferred control of more than 700 miles ( 1,100 km ) of highway to county and local governments in order to save money and to increase operational efficiency . Most of the highways turned over were short spurs connecting small , rural communities and state parks to the highway system . In 2002 , the Road Use Tax Fund Committee , a mix of city , county , and state transportation officials , met to review and recommend changes to Iowa 's public road system . The report was necessitated by increasing costs to maintain the highway system and a level of funding that was not keeping up with the rising costs . The committee identified over 700 miles ( 1,100 km ) of state highways which could be turned over to local jurisdictions . Most of the committee 's recommendations were accepted and on July 1 , 2003 , over 600 miles ( 970 km ) of state highways were turned over to the counties or local jurisdictions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines_River', 'summary': "The Des Moines River ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately 525 miles ( 845 km ) long from its farther headwaters . The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa , it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast , passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills near the capital city of Des Moines , named after the river , in the center of the state . The river continues to flow at a southeastern direction away from Des Moines , later flowing directly into the Mississippi River . The Des Moines River forms a short portion of Iowa 's border with Missouri in Lee County . The Avenue of the Saints , a four-lane highway from St. Paul , Minnesota to St. Louis , Missouri , passes over this section ; the highway is designated Route 27 in both Iowa and Missouri , and was completed in the early 21st century ."}]}, {'value': 'Lehigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lehigh,_Iowa', 'summary': "Lehigh is a city in Webster County , Iowa , United States . The population was 416 at the 2010 census . Located in a valley , Lehigh is divided in two by the Des Moines River , unusual for such a small town . Originally the two halves of Lehigh were two separate towns . While the town on the west side of the River was always called Lehigh , the east town was called Slabtown , and a piece of history marks the east side 's roots -- a sign that hangs over the playground with the words Slabtown Traders , perhaps alluding to the flea market that occurs there every summer during Lehigh River Days . The Slabtown Traders sign was blown over by a gust of wind in the summer of 2010 . It survived several floods while being located on River St. Lehigh was surrounded by coal mines until the early 20th century and home to a large clay sewer pipe factory until the 1980s . Dolliver State Park , Brushy Creek State Recreation Area and Woodman Hollow State Preserve are located within a few miles of the town ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dolliver Memorial State Park , Picnic , Hiking & Maintenance Area ( Area B )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolliver_Memorial_State_Park', 'summary': 'Dolliver Memorial State Park is a state park of Iowa , US , featuring high bluffs and deep ravines on the Des Moines River . The park is located 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of Fort Dodge and 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) northwest of Lehigh . The park contains two listings on the National Register of Historic Places : Dolliver Memorial State Park , Entrance Area ( Area A ) and Dolliver Memorial State Park , Picnic , Hiking & Maintenance Area ( Area B ) .'}]}, {'value': 'November 15 , 1990 ( # 90001685 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North of Iowa Highway 50 on the Des Moines River 42°23′13″N 94°04′53″W / 42.386944°N 94.081389°W / 42.386944 ; -94.081389 ( Dolliver Memorial State Park , Picnic , Hiking & Maintenance Area ( Area B ) )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Highway_50', 'summary': "On July 1 , 2003 , the Iowa Department of Transportation transferred control of more than 700 miles ( 1,100 km ) of highway to county and local governments in order to save money and to increase operational efficiency . Most of the highways turned over were short spurs connecting small , rural communities and state parks to the highway system . In 2002 , the Road Use Tax Fund Committee , a mix of city , county , and state transportation officials , met to review and recommend changes to Iowa 's public road system . The report was necessitated by increasing costs to maintain the highway system and a level of funding that was not keeping up with the rising costs . The committee identified over 700 miles ( 1,100 km ) of state highways which could be turned over to local jurisdictions . Most of the committee 's recommendations were accepted and on July 1 , 2003 , over 600 miles ( 970 km ) of state highways were turned over to the counties or local jurisdictions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines_River', 'summary': "The Des Moines River ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately 525 miles ( 845 km ) long from its farther headwaters . The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa , it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast , passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills near the capital city of Des Moines , named after the river , in the center of the state . The river continues to flow at a southeastern direction away from Des Moines , later flowing directly into the Mississippi River . The Des Moines River forms a short portion of Iowa 's border with Missouri in Lee County . The Avenue of the Saints , a four-lane highway from St. Paul , Minnesota to St. Louis , Missouri , passes over this section ; the highway is designated Route 27 in both Iowa and Missouri , and was completed in the early 21st century ."}]}, {'value': 'Lehigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lehigh,_Iowa', 'summary': "Lehigh is a city in Webster County , Iowa , United States . The population was 416 at the 2010 census . Located in a valley , Lehigh is divided in two by the Des Moines River , unusual for such a small town . Originally the two halves of Lehigh were two separate towns . While the town on the west side of the River was always called Lehigh , the east town was called Slabtown , and a piece of history marks the east side 's roots -- a sign that hangs over the playground with the words Slabtown Traders , perhaps alluding to the flea market that occurs there every summer during Lehigh River Days . The Slabtown Traders sign was blown over by a gust of wind in the summer of 2010 . It survived several floods while being located on River St. Lehigh was surrounded by coal mines until the early 20th century and home to a large clay sewer pipe factory until the 1980s . Dolliver State Park , Brushy Creek State Recreation Area and Woodman Hollow State Preserve are located within a few miles of the town ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First National Bank Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_National_Bank_Building_(Fort_Dodge,_Iowa)', 'summary': "The First National Bank Building , now known as the Central Place Apartments , is an historic building located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . The First National Bank was established in 1866 and grew to become the city 's principal financial institution . Its officers and directors throughout its existence were among the city 's most prominent businessmen . The present building was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Liebbe , Nourse & Rasmussen in the Early Commercial style . The six-story structure rises to a height of 90 feet ( 27 m ) The building has subsequently been renovated into apartments . It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 , and as a contributing property in the Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'February 27 , 2003 ( # 03000061 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '629 Central Ave. 42°30′17″N 94°11′19″W / 42.504722°N 94.188611°W / 42.504722 ; -94.188611 ( First National Bank Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge_Downtown_Historic_District', 'summary': "Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 . Additional documentation for the district was approved by the National Park Service on January 4 , 2019 . At the time of its nomination it contained 177 resources , which included 100 contributing buildings , one contributing site , one contributing structure , five contributing objects , 64 non-contributing buildings , three non-contributing structures , and three non-contributing objects . The district covers the city 's central business district , mainly along Central Avenue , but also along the adjoining streets as well . Commercial development in the district began with the city 's original plat in 1854 and continued through the opening of the Crossroads Mall in 1964 . Webster County Courthouse ( 1902 ) , First National Bank Building ( 1908 ) , and the Wahkonsa Hotel ( 1910 ) are all located in the district and are individually listed on the National Register . Buildings usage in the district varies widely and includes commercial , light industrial , residential , religious , governmental , social , and educational functions . There is also a wide variety of architectural styles that reflect the era in which the buildings were constructed . The oldest building in the district is the Reynolds Block ( 1882 ) which marks the transition of the business district from the wood frame structures of its settlement period to masonry constriction . A building boom in the early 20th-century replaced many of the cities older commercial buildings . Building heights range from single story structures to eight stories ."}]}, {'value': 'November 10 , 2010 ( # 10000918 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st Ave. N. , Central Ave. , and 1st Ave. S. from 3rd St. on the west to 12th St. on east 42°30′18″N 94°11′15″W / 42.505°N 94.1875°W / 42.505 ; -94.1875 ( Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge Junior High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge_Junior_High_School', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge Junior High School , also known as South Junior High , Fair Oaks Middle School and Duncombe Elementary School , is a historic building located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . The building was constructed in 1931 and continued to serve as a school under its various names until 2013 . It , along with Phillips Middle School , was sold to Foutch Bros. LLC , of Kansas City , Missouri the following year to be converted into apartments . In 2015 Duncombe Elementary School was found to be structurally deficient , and Foutch allowed the Fair Oaks building to be used as an elementary school while a new school building was constructed . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 13 , 2015 ( # 15000730 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '416 S. 10th St. 42°30′06″N 94°11′01″W / 42.5016°N 94.1837°W / 42.5016 ; -94.1837 ( Fort Dodge Junior High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge Senior High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge_Senior_High_School_(1922)', 'summary': "The former Fort Dodge Senior High School building , also known as North Junior High and Phillips Middle School , is a historic building located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . The building was constructed in 1922 with additions completed in 1948 and 1979 . When the current high school was built in 1958 , this building became known as North Junior High School , housing grades 7 , 8 , and 9 . The Fort Dodge Community School District 's adoption of the middle school philosophy in 1984 changed the name of the building to Phillips Middle School . District-wide grade reconfiguration in 1990 changed Phillips to a building housing grades 7 and 8 . It , along with Fair Oaks Middle School , was sold to Foutch Bros. LLC , of Kansas City , Missouri the following year to be converted into apartments . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 13 , 2015 ( # 15000731 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1015 5th Ave. , N. 42°30′36″N 94°11′08″W / 42.5099°N 94.1855°W / 42.5099 ; -94.1855 ( Fort Dodge Senior High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oak Hill Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Hill_Historic_District_(Fort_Dodge,_Iowa)', 'summary': 'The Oak Hill Historic District , also known as East Fort Dodge , is a nationally recognized historic district located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 . At the time of its nomination the district consisted of 22 resources , including 17 contributing buildings , and five noncontributing buildings . The contributing buildings are all houses , including the Vincent House ( 1871 ) , except for two buildings . The exceptions are the Bennett Carriage House ( 1890 ) and the Blanden Art Gallery ( 1930 ) . The houses were built in various styles from 1866 to 1916 . Three apartment buildings , a funeral hone , and Grace Lutheran Church ( 1955 ) are the non-contributing buildings .'}]}, {'value': 'May 5 , 1977 ( # 77000567 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8th-12th Sts . and 2nd and 3rd Aves . 42°30′20″N 94°11′11″W / 42.505556°N 94.186389°W / 42.505556 ; -94.186389 ( Oak Hill Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oakland Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oakland_Cemetery_(Fort_Dodge,_Iowa)', 'summary': 'The Oakland Cemetery is a 40-acre ( 16 ha ) public cemetery maintained by the city of Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . Property for the cemetery was set aside in 1859 . It was laid out the same year by Egbert Bagg , an architect and civil engineer from Utica , New York . The graves and monuments are arranged around the natural contours of the hills that overlook Soldier Creek in a natural park-like setting . It is considered a good and rare example of a rural cemetery in North Central Iowa . It has been listed as an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000 . Its notable resources include :'}]}, {'value': 'August 25 , 2000 ( # 00000984 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1600 N. 15th St. 42°30′45″N 94°10′47″W / 42.5125°N 94.179722°W / 42.5125 ; -94.179722 ( Oakland Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oleson Park Music Pavilion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oleson_Park_Music_Pavilion', 'summary': 'The Oleson Park Music Pavilion , also known as the Karl King Bandshell , is located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . The pavilion is associated with Karl King , a famed composer for concert and military bands , who advocated for its construction . It was designed by Henry L. Kamphoefner , a Sioux City architect at that time , who had previously designed the Grandview Park Music Pavilion in Sioux City . It was built as a Works Progress Administration ( WPA ) project . The WPA paid for 85% of its construction , with the City of Fort Dodge paying the rest . The poured concrete structure was built in a Modernist style with Art Deco overtones . It rises to a height of 36 feet ( 11 m ) , and it is known for its acoustical excellence . The pavilion replaced a bandstand that was built in the 1920s in the city square . It was dedicated to King in 1976 , and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'May 9 , 2003 ( # 03000357 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1400 Oleson Park Ave. 42°29′20″N 94°10′20″W / 42.488889°N 94.172222°W / 42.488889 ; -94.172222 ( Oleson Park Music Pavilion )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vincent House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vincent_House_(Fort_Dodge,_Iowa)', 'summary': 'The Vincent House is a historic building located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . The distinguishing features of this three-story , red brick , Second Empire house is its mansard roof and wrap-around porch . Web Vincent moved his family into the house in 1879 and it remained in the Vincent family until 1969 when Anne R. Vincent died . Vincent was a businessman who made his fortune in the local gypsum industry . A ballroom was located on the third floor and its walls were composed of gypsum plaster , which was the first time it was used in the United States . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 23 , 1973 ( # 73000743 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '824 3rd Ave. , S. 42°30′10″N 94°11′01″W / 42.502778°N 94.183611°W / 42.502778 ; -94.183611 ( Vincent House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wahkonsa Hotel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wahkonsa_Hotel', 'summary': "The Wahkonsa Hotel , also known as Wahkonsa Manor , is a historic building located in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . It was built by the city 's Commercial Club to provide a first-class hotel for the community . The five story , brick , Renaissance Revival-style structure was designed by the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Liebbe , Nourse & Rasmussen . The building served as a hotel until 1972 when it was converted into apartments for low-income people . It retained the first-floor commercial space , which was original to the building . It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 , and as a contributing property in the Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 21 , 2008 ( # 08000443 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '927 Central Ave. 42°30′19″N 94°11′09″W / 42.50534°N 94.18574°W / 42.50534 ; -94.18574 ( Wahkonsa Hotel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Webster County Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Webster_County_Courthouse_(Iowa)', 'summary': 'The Webster County Courthouse is a historic building in Fort Dodge , Iowa , United States . Built in 1902 , it primarily houses local government offices for Webster County . The courthouse is the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration . It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 , and as a contributing property in the Fort Dodge Downtown Historic District in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 2 , 1981 ( # 81000274 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '701 Central Ave. 42°30′17″N 94°11′17″W / 42.504722°N 94.188056°W / 42.504722 ; -94.188056 ( Webster County Courthouse )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Location of Webster County in Iowa This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Webster County , Iowa . This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Webster County , Iowa , United States . Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts ; these locations may be seen together in a map . [ 1 ] There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county . This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 24 , 2020 . [ 2 ] Map all coordinates using : OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as : KML · GPX', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Webster_County,_Iowa_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Webster County, Iowa. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Webster County, Iowa, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.'}
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What is the length of the location linked to the historic place that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 ?
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74 miles ( 119 kilometers )
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02bf78b2a602fe56
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Hemsworth', 'title': 'Liam Hemsworth', 'header': ['Year', 'Film', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knowing_(film)', 'summary': "Knowing is a 2009 science fiction thriller film directed by Alex Proyas and starring Nicolas Cage . The project was originally attached to a number of directors under Columbia Pictures , but it was placed in turnaround and eventually picked up by Escape Artists . Production was financially backed by Summit Entertainment . Knowing was filmed in Docklands Studios Melbourne , Australia , using various locations to represent the film 's Boston-area setting . The film was released on March 20 , 2009 , in the United States . The DVD and Blu-ray media were released on July 7 , 2009 . Knowing grossed $ 186.5 million at the worldwide box office , plus $ 27.7 million with home video sales , against a production budget of $ 50 million . It met with mixed reviews , with praise for the acting performances , visual style and atmosphere , but criticism over some implausibilities and the ending ."}]}, {'value': 'Spencer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triangle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triangle_(2009_British_film)', 'summary': 'Triangle is a 2009 psychological thriller film written and directed by Christopher Smith and starring Melissa George and Michael Dorman . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 16 October 2009 . George portrays a single mother who goes on a boating trip with several friends . When they are forced to abandon their ship , they board a derelict ocean liner , where they become convinced that someone is stalking them .'}]}, {'value': 'Victor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Last Song', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Last_Song_(2010_film)', 'summary': "The Last Song is a 2010 American coming-of-age teen romantic drama film developed alongside Nicholas Sparks ' 2009 novel of the same name . The film was directed by Julie Anne Robinson in her feature film directorial debut and co-written by Sparks and Jeff Van Wie . The Last Song stars Miley Cyrus , Liam Hemsworth , and Greg Kinnear , and follows a troubled teenager as she reconnects with her estranged father and falls in love during a summer in a quiet Southern United States beach town . Sparks was approached to write both the film 's screenplay and the novel . Sparks completed the screenplay in January 2009 , prior to the completion of the novel , making The Last Song his first script to be optioned for film . The setting , originally in North Carolina like the novel , relocated to Georgia after the states had campaigned for months to host production . Upon beginning production in Tybee Island , Georgia , and nearby Savannah , The Last Song became the first movie to be both filmed and set in Tybee Island . Filming lasted from June 15 to August 18 , 2009 , with much of it occurring on the island 's beach and pier . The Last Song was released by Touchstone Pictures on March 31st , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Will Blakelee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hunger Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hunger_Games_(film)', 'summary': "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collinss 2008 novel of the same name . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where a boy and a girl from each of the nation 's 12 Districts are chosen annually as tributes and forced to compete in The Hunger Games , an elaborate televised fight to the death . Katniss Everdeen ( Jennifer Lawrence ) volunteers to take her younger sister 's place , and with her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark ( Josh Hutcherson ) , travels to the Capitol to train and compete in the games . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US and UK on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gale Hawthorne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gale_Hawthorne', 'summary': 'The following is a list of characters in The Hunger Games trilogy , a series of young adult science fiction novels by Suzanne Collins that were later adapted into a series of four feature films . The actors who portray these characters are given in List of The Hunger Games cast members .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Expendables 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Expendables_2', 'summary': 'The Expendables 2 is a 2012 American action film directed by Simon West , written by Richard Wenk and Sylvester Stallone and based on a story by Ken Kaufman , David Agosto and Wenk . Brian Tyler returned to score the film . It is the sequel to the 2010 action film The Expendables , and stars Sylvester Stallone , Jason Statham , Jet Li , Dolph Lundgren , Chuck Norris , Terry Crews , Randy Couture , Liam Hemsworth , Jean-Claude Van Damme , Bruce Willis , and Arnold Schwarzenegger . The story follows the mercenary group known as the Expendables as they undertake a seemingly simple mission which evolves into a quest for revenge against rival mercenary Jean Vilain , who murdered one of their own and threatens the world with a deadly weapon . It is the second installment in The Expendables film series . Principal photography took place over 14 weeks ( beginning in September 2011 ) on an estimated $ 100 million budget . Film locations included Bulgaria , Hong Kong and New Orleans . Controversy arose over the accidental death of a stuntman and environmental damage caused during filming in Bulgaria . The film was released in Europe on August 16 , 2012 and in North America the following day . The Expendables 2 grossed over $ 310 million worldwide , with its greatest success outside North America . Critics generally considered the film an improvement over its predecessor ( citing an increased use of humor and action scenes ) , but its plot and dialogue received negative reviews . A tie-in downloadable video game was released on July 31 , 2012 as a prequel to the events of the film .'}]}, {'value': 'Billy The Kid Timmons', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Love and Honor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Love_and_Honor_(2013_film)', 'summary': "Love and Honor is a 2013 romantic drama film directed by Danny Mooney . It is Mooney 's feature-film directorial debut . The film , based on a true story of a Michigan soldier , takes place during the Vietnam War and is set in Ann Arbor and surrounding areas . The story follows a soldier who , after being dumped by his girlfriend , decides to return home secretly from war with his best friend to win her back ."}]}, {'value': 'Mickey Wright', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paranoia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paranoia_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'Paranoia is a 2013 American thriller film directed by Robert Luketic . Barry L. Levy and Jason Hall wrote the screenplay , loosely based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Joseph Finder . It stars Liam Hemsworth , Gary Oldman , Amber Heard , and Harrison Ford . The film was released on August 16 , 2013 and bombed at the box office , grossing $ 16 million against a budget of $ 35 million . It was described as clichéd and unoriginal by review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , where it has a 7% approval rating .'}]}, {'value': 'Adam Cassidy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empire State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Empire_State_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'Empire State is a 2013 American crime drama film based on a true story , centered on two childhood friends who rob an armored car depository , and the NYPD officer who stands in their way . Directed by Dito Montiel and starring Dwayne Johnson , Liam Hemsworth and Emma Roberts , the film was released straight to DVD and Blu-ray on September 3 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Potamitis', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hunger Games : Catching Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire', 'summary': "The Hunger Games : Catching Fire is a 2013 American dystopian science fiction adventure film based on Suzanne Collins ' dystopian novel Catching Fire ( 2009 ) , the second installment in The Hunger Games trilogy . The film is the sequel to The Hunger Games ( 2012 ) and the second installment in The Hunger Games film series , produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with co-production by Lionsgate Films and distributed by Lionsgate Entertainment . Francis Lawrence directed the film , with a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy and Michael Arndt ( credited as Michael deBruyn ) . Adding to the existing cast , the supporting cast was filled out with Philip Seymour Hoffman , Jeffrey Wright , Sam Claflin , Lynn Cohen , Jena Malone , and Amanda Plummer . Filming began on September 10 , 2012 , in Atlanta , Georgia , before moving to Hawaii . The plot of Catching Fire takes place a few months after the previous installment ; Katniss Everdeen and fellow District 12 tribute Peeta Mellark have returned home safely after winning the 74th Annual Hunger Games . Throughout the story , Katniss senses that a rebellion against the oppressive Capitol is simmering throughout the districts . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire premiered in London on November 11 , 2013 and was theatrically released on November 15 , 2013 , in Brazil ; November 20 in Finland , Sweden , and Norway ; November 21 in the United Kingdom ; and November 22 in IMAX , in the United States . The film set records for the biggest November opening weekend and biggest three- and five-day Thanksgiving box-office totals , surpassing the first film 's box office grosses . It ranks as the 22nd-highest-grossing film at the domestic box office and the highest-grossing film at the domestic box office of 2013 , becoming the first 2-D film since The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) to top the yearly box office , as well as having a lead female top the box office since The Exorcist ( 1973 ) . The film has grossed over $ 865 million worldwide and is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2013 and the highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series . The film was followed by The Hunger Games : Mockingjay , a two-part sequel and finale of the franchise : Part 1 was released on November 21 , 2014 , in the United States , and Part 2 on November 20 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gale Hawthorne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cut Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cut_Bank_(film)', 'summary': 'Cut Bank ( also known as Hell Town ) is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Matt Shakman and written by Roberto Patino . Starring Liam Hemsworth , Billy Bob Thornton , John Malkovich , Teresa Palmer , and Michael Stuhlbarg , the film was selected to be screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . It was released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by A24 Films .'}]}, {'value': 'Dwayne McLaren', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_–_Part_1', 'summary': "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 1 is a 2014 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong . It is the first of two films based on Suzanne Collins ' novel Mockingjay , the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy , and the third installment in The Hunger Games film series , produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik and distributed by Lionsgate . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Julianne Moore , Philip Seymour Hoffman , Jeffrey Wright , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . Principal photography for both parts of the film began on September 23 , 2013 , in Atlanta , before moving to Paris for two weeks of filming and officially concluding on June 20 , 2014 , in Berlin . The story continues to follow Katniss Everdeen ; having twice survived the Hunger Games , Katniss finds herself in District 13 . Under the leadership of President Coin and the advice of her trusted friends , Katniss reluctantly becomes the symbol of a mass rebellion against the Capitol and fights to save Peeta and a nation moved by her courage . It is the sequel to The Hunger Games : Catching Fire and was followed by the concluding entry , The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 2 . Mockingjay - Part 1 was released on November 21 , 2014 in the United States . Like its predecessors , the film was a commercial success grossing $ 55 million on its opening day , making it the largest opening day of 2014 and the sixth-largest in November . The film went to the No . 1 spot during its opening weekend with a $ 273.8 million worldwide gross , becoming the biggest opening of 2014 and marking The Hunger Games film series as the only franchise to have three films earn over $ 100 million in a weekend . The film earned over $ 755 million worldwide , making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2014 and the second-highest-grossing entry in The Hunger Games series ."}]}, {'value': 'Gale Hawthorne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Dressmaker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Dressmaker_(2015_film)', 'summary': "The Dressmaker is a 2015 Australian revenge comedy-drama film written and directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse , based on the 2000 novel of the same name by Rosalie Ham . It stars Kate Winslet as a femme fatale in the title role of the dressmaker , Myrtle Tilly Dunnage , who returns to a small Australian town to take care of her ailing , mentally unstable mother . The film explores the themes of revenge and creativity and was described by Moorhouse as Clint Eastwood 's Unforgiven with a sewing machine . The project was first developed in 2000 , and Ham wrote a treatment herself . After initial attempts failed , Sue Maslin bought the rights to the novel and hired Moorhouse to direct and write the screenplay . Production took place in Melbourne and across Victoria , Australia in late 2014 . The film had its world premiere at 2015 Toronto International Film Festival on 14 September 2015 and had a theatrical release on 29 October 2015 in Australia and New Zealand . It opened at the number 1 spot at the Australian and New Zealand box offices and became the second highest-grossing Australian film of 2015 and eleventh highest-grossing film of all time at Australian box office . Despite receiving mixed critical reviews , with praise going towards Winslet 's performance and criticism focusing on its uneven tone , The Dressmaker led the 5th AACTA Awards with thirteen nominations . These included Best Film , Best Direction , Best Production Design , Best Original Music Score , Best Sound , Best Editing , Best Cinematography and won Best Lead Actress , Best Supporting Actress , Best Supporting Actor , Best Costume Design and People 's Choice Award for Favourite Australian Film ."}]}, {'value': 'Ted McSwiney', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Mockingjay_–_Part_2', 'summary': "The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 2 is a 2015 dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Francis Lawrence , with a screenplay by Peter Craig and Danny Strong . It is the fourth and final installment in The Hunger Games film series , and the second of two films based on the novel Mockingjay , the final book in The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins . An American-German co-production , the film was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , and distributed by Lionsgate . It features an ensemble cast that includes Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Julianne Moore , Philip Seymour Hoffman , and Donald Sutherland . Hoffman died in February 2014 , marking his final film role . The story continues from The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 1 with Katniss Everdeen ( Lawrence ) preparing to win the war against President Snow ( Sutherland ) and the tyrannical Capitol . Together with Peeta , Gale , Finnick , and others , she travels to the Capitol to kill Snow . Principal photography on both parts of Mockingjay began on September 23 , 2013 in Atlanta , before moving to Paris for two weeks of back-to-back filming and officially concluding on June 20 , 2014 , in Berlin and at Babelsberg Studio , which served as a co-producer . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay - Part 2 premiered in Berlin on November 4 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on November 20 , 2015 , in 2D and IMAX , and internationally in 2D , 3D , RealD Cinema , and IMAX 3D in select territories ; it is the only film in the series widely released in 3D . Falling below expectations internationally and domestically with a $ 102.7 million gross during its opening weekend in North America , the film had the sixth-biggest opening in 2015 , but held at number one at the international box office for four consecutive weekends . The film grossed over $ 653 million worldwide , making it the ninth highest-grossing film of 2015 and the lowest-grossing of the four films in the franchise , but still a commercial success . Mockingjay - Part 2 received generally positive reviews from critics , for its performances ( particularly Lawrence , Hutcherson and Sutherland 's ) , screenplay , musical score and action sequences , though it was criticized for splitting the final adaptation into two separate parts ."}]}, {'value': 'Gale Hawthorne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independence Day : Resurgence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_Day:_Resurgence', 'summary': "Independence Day : Resurgence is a 2016 American epic science fiction disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Emmerich , Dean Devlin , Nicolas Wright , James A . Woods , and James Vanderbilt . A sequel to the 1996 film Independence Day , it stars an ensemble cast featuring Liam Hemsworth , Jeff Goldblum , Bill Pullman , Maika Monroe , Jessie Usher , Travis Tope , William Fichtner , Charlotte Gainsbourg , Judd Hirsch , Brent Spiner , Angelababy and Sela Ward . The film takes place twenty years after the events of the first film , during which the United Nations has collaborated to form Earth Space Defense , an international military defense and research organization . Through reverse engineering , the world has fused the power of alien technology with humanity 's and laid the groundwork to resist a second invasion . Plans for a sequel to Independence Day began as early as 2001 , with 20th Century Fox eventually green-lighting the project in 2014 . Principal photography began in April 2015 at locations primarily in New Mexico but also in the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah , which were featured in the original . Independence Day : Resurgence was released in the United States on June 24 , 2016 , twenty years after the release of Independence Day , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D , grossing $ 389.7 million worldwide at the box office . It received negative reactions from critics and audiences and was considered a box office disappointment ."}]}, {'value': 'Jake Morrison', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Duel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Duel_(2016_film)', 'summary': 'The Duel is a 2016 American western film directed by Kieran Darcy-Smith and written by Matt Cook . The film stars Liam Hemsworth , Emory Cohen , Woody Harrelson and Alice Braga . The film was released for limited release and video on demand on June 24 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere . It was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on August 23 , 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'David Kingston', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Is n't It Romantic", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Isn't_It_Romantic_(2019_film)", 'summary': "Is n't It Romantic is a 2019 American satirical fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Todd Strauss-Schulson and written by Erin Cardillo , Dana Fox , and Katie Silberman . The film stars Rebel Wilson as a woman who finds herself in a world where everything around her plays out like a cliche PG-13 romantic comedy . Liam Hemsworth , Adam DeVine , and Priyanka Chopra appear in supporting roles . The film was theatrically released in the United States on February 13 , 2019 , by Warner Bros. Pictures , and in international territories by Netflix on February 28 , 2019 . It grossed over $ 48 million on a $ 31 million budget and received generally positive reviews from critics , who praised Wilson 's performance ."}]}, {'value': 'Blake', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Killerman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Killerman', 'summary': 'Killerman is a 2019 American action crime film starring Liam Hemsworth , Emory Cohen , Diane Guerrero , Zlatko Buric , Suraj Sharma , and Nickola Shreli . It was theatrically released in the United States on August 30 , 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Moe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyle', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Liam_Hemsworth_0', 'intro': "Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He played the roles of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and Marcus in the children's television series The Elephant Princess. In American films, Hemsworth starred as Will Blakelee in The Last Song (2010), as Gale Hawthorne in The Hunger Games film series (2012-2015), and as Jake Morrison in Independence Day: Resurgence (2016). Hemsworth's older brothers, Luke and Chris, are also actors."}
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Who was the writer of the movie where David was a character ?
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Matt Cook
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02c1e1ccebb916ba
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014', 'title': 'List of Malaysian football transfers 2014', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'To club', 'Fee'], 'data': [{'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahmad Qushairi Mustafa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felda United F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felda_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'FELDA United Football Club is a professional Malaysian football club based in Jengka , Pahang which is owned by Federal Land Development Authority ( FELDA ) . The club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , Malaysia Super League , after being crowned the 2018 Malaysia Premier League Champions to be promoted into the Super League . Known as The Fighters among the fans , FELDA United has participated in the Malaysian football league since 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Gusti Ishak Fitri Shah Said', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Tunku Noor Hidayat Tunku Ishak', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penang FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penang_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976"}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Amirul Hisyam Awang Kechik', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_A', 'summary': "Harimau Muda A was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-22 National Football Team , representing Malaysia in international football competitions such as the AFC U-22 Asian Cup , Champions Youth Cup as well as other under-22 international football tournaments . It was managed by Football Association of Malaysia . The squad was the feeder team for Malaysia U-23 and senior national football team . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the club was disbanded by FAM which meant that all the players were returned to their own state sides . Harimau Muda A last competed in Australia 's National Premier Leagues Queensland , having lastly participated in a domestic league competition is the 2012 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Azri Zulkiflee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Azahari Radzali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perlis FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perlis_FA', 'summary': 'Perlis Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Perlis ) , also known as Perlis FA , is a football team based in Kangar , Perlis , Malaysia . The team was founded in 1963 and currently suspended from FIFA by playing in the second division of Malaysian football , the 2019 Malaysia Premier League . Year 2019 is the first ever Perlis did not enter any tournament in Malaysian League since 1963 .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Helmi Hariri Ibrahim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Faizzwan Dorahim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Farhan Hazmi Mohd Nasir', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D/ML', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Syazwan Zaipol Bahari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_B', 'summary': "Harimau Muda B was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-21 National Football Team and was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team played as a club under the name Harimau Muda B which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007-08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore 's 2014 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded by FAM which means all the player from Harimau Muda A , Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda C will be returned to their own state . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhammad Irfan Zakaria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_B', 'summary': "Harimau Muda B was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-21 National Football Team and was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team played as a club under the name Harimau Muda B which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007-08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore 's 2014 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded by FAM which means all the player from Harimau Muda A , Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda C will be returned to their own state . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Azalinullah Mohd Alias', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Arif Fadzilah Abu Bakar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Abdul Gafur Samsudin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Azrul Zulkifli', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sungai Ara F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sungai_Ara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Sungai Ara Football Club is a team playing in Malaysia FAM League . The team is based in Sungai Ara , Penang , Malaysia . In 2014 the team was promoted to play in Malaysia FAM League .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Faris Shah Rosli', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_B', 'summary': "Harimau Muda B was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-21 National Football Team and was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team played as a club under the name Harimau Muda B which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007-08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore 's 2014 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded by FAM which means all the player from Harimau Muda A , Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda C will be returned to their own state . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahmad Azriddin Rosli', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felda United F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felda_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'FELDA United Football Club is a professional Malaysian football club based in Jengka , Pahang which is owned by Federal Land Development Authority ( FELDA ) . The club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , Malaysia Super League , after being crowned the 2018 Malaysia Premier League Champions to be promoted into the Super League . Known as The Fighters among the fans , FELDA United has participated in the Malaysian football league since 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Shahrul Hakim Rahim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Syahrizal Shaharin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Shakir Zufayri Ibrahim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Harimau Muda C -- Transfers out', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_54', 'intro': 'The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football.'}
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A player playing for the team that was founded in July 2006 plays in a position that comes in how many forms ?
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four
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02c1f8fc7e334ffc
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Major_League_Baseball_draft', 'title': '1971 Major League Baseball draft', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Team', 'Position'], 'data': [{'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Brett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Brett', 'summary': "George Howard Brett ( born May 15 , 1953 ) is an American former professional baseball player who played 21 years , primarily as a third baseman , in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Kansas City Royals . Brett 's 3,154 career hits are the most by any third baseman in major league history and 16th all-time . He is one of four players in MLB history to accumulate 3,000 hits , 300 home runs , and a career .300 batting average ( the others being Hank Aaron , Willie Mays , and Stan Musial ; Albert Pujols currently fulfills all three conditions , but is still an active player ) . He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999 on the first ballot and is the only player in MLB history to win a batting title in three different decades . Brett was named the Royals ' interim hitting coach in 2013 on May 30 , but stepped down from the position on July 25 in order to resume his position of vice president of baseball operations ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals', 'summary': "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Schmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Schmidt', 'summary': "Michael Jack Schmidt ( born September 27 , 1949 ) is an American former professional baseball third baseman who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Philadelphia Phillies . Schmidt was a twelve-time All-Star and a three-time winner of the National League ( NL ) Most Valuable Player award ( MVP ) , and he was known for his combination of power hitting and strong defense . As a hitter , he compiled 548 home runs and 1,595 runs batted in ( RBIs ) , and led the NL in home runs eight times and in RBIs four times . As a fielder , Schmidt won the National League Gold Glove Award for third basemen ten times . Schmidt was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1995 and is often considered the greatest third baseman in baseball history . Having an unusual batting stance , Schmidt turned his back somewhat toward the pitcher and rocked his rear end back-and-forth while waiting for a pitch . By standing far back in the batter 's box , he made it almost impossible to jam him by pitching inside . Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era ; teammate Pete Rose once said , To have his body , I 'd trade him mine and my wife 's , and I 'd throw in some cash ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ron Guidry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Guidry', 'summary': "Ronald Ames Guidry ( /ˈɡɪdri/ ; born August 28 , 1950 ) , nicknamed Louisiana Lightning and Gator , is a former Major League Baseball ( MLB ) left-handed pitcher who played his entire 14-year career for the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . Guidry was also the pitching coach of the Yankees from 2006 to 2007 . Guidry 's major league career began in 1975 . He was a member of World Series-winning Yankees teams in 1977 and 1978 , both over the Los Angeles Dodgers . He won the AL Cy Young Award in 1978 , winning 25 games and losing only 3 . He also won five Gold Glove Awards and appeared in four All-Star games . Guidry served as captain of the Yankees beginning in 1986 ; he retired from baseball in 1989 . In 2003 , the Yankees retired Guidry 's uniform number ( 49 ) and dedicated a plaque to him in Monument Park ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Yankees', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Yankees', 'summary': "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City , the other being the National League 's ( NL ) New York Mets . The Yankees began play in the 1901 season as the Baltimore Orioles ( no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles ) . In 1903 , Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise after it ceased operations and moved it to New York City , renaming the club the New York Highlanders . The Highlanders were officially renamed the New York Yankees in 1913 . The team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises , an LLC that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner , who purchased the team in 1973 . Brian Cashman is the team 's general manager , and Aaron Boone is the team 's field manager . The team 's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008 . In 1974 and 1975 , the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets , in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants . In 2009 , they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility , which was closed and demolished . The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Mumphrey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Mumphrey', 'summary': "Jerry Wayne Mumphrey ( born September 9 , 1952 ) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the St. Louis Cardinals ( 1974-79 ) , San Diego Padres ( 1980 ) , New York Yankees ( 1981-83 ) , Houston Astros ( 1983-85 ) and Chicago Cubs ( 1986-88 ) . Mumphrey finished 20th in voting for the 1981 American League MVP and was the Astros All-Star Game representative in 1984 . Along with San Diego Padres ' teammates Gene Richards and Ozzie Smith , he was part of the first trio from the same team in MLB history to each steal 50 or more bases in a season ( 1980 ) . When Mumphrey was traded to the Cubs in December 1985 , Cubs General Manager Dallas Green said : By acquiring Jerry Mumphrey , we got someone who can play three outfield positions and play all three very well ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals', 'summary': "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis , Missouri . The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006 . One of the nation 's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs , the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships , more than any other NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees . The team has won 19 National League pennants , third-most of any team . St. Louis has also won 14 division titles in the East and Central divisions . In 1881 , entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased the Brown Stockings barnstorming club , renamed it the St. Louis Browns , and made it a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) baseball league . The team won four league championships , qualifying them to play in the era 's professional baseball championship tournament , a forerunner of the modern World Series . In two of these championships , the Browns met the Chicago White Stockings , launching the enduring Cardinals-Cubs rivalry . In 1892 , the Browns - also called the Perfectos - joined the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs , later renamed the National League . In 1900 , the team was renamed the Cardinals . ( Two years later , an unrelated St. Louis Browns team joined the American League . )"}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop-Outfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '143', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warren Cromartie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warren_Cromartie', 'summary': 'Warren Livingston Cromartie ( born September 29 , 1953 ) is an American former professional baseball player best remembered for his early career with the Montreal Expos . He and fellow young outfielders Ellis Valentine and Andre Dawson were the talk of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) when they came up together with the Expos in the late seventies . Nicknamed Cro , he was very popular with the fans in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . He won the 1989 Nippon Professional Baseball Most Valuable Player Award during his career playing baseball in Japan for the Yomiuri Giants .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Sox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox', 'summary': "The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago , Illinois . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The White Sox are owned by Jerry Reinsdorf , and play their home games at Guaranteed Rate Field , located on the city 's South Side . They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago ; the other is the Chicago Cubs of the National League ( NL ) Central division . One of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the franchise was established as a major league baseball club in 1901 . The club was originally called the Chicago White Stockings , but this was soon shortened to Chicago White Sox . The team originally played home games at South Side Park before moving to Comiskey Park in 1910 , where they played until Guaranteed Rate Field ( originally known as Comiskey Park and then known as U.S. Cellular Field ) opened in 1991 . The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense-oriented team dubbed the Hitless Wonders , and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte , Eddie Collins , and Shoeless Joe Jackson . The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal , in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games . In response , Major League Baseball 's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life . In 1959 , led by Early Wynn , Nellie Fox , Luis Aparicio and manager Al López , the White Sox won the American League pennant . They won the AL pennant in 2005 , and went on to win the World Series , led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye , Paul Konerko , Mark Buehrle , catcher A. J. Pierzynski , and the first Latino manager to win the World Series , Ozzie Guillén ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '151', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Andersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Andersen', 'summary': 'Larry Eugene Andersen ( born May 6 , 1953 ) is an American former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball and current radio color commentator for the Philadelphia Phillies . From 1975 through 1994 , Andersen played for the Cleveland Indians ( 1975 , 1977-1979 ) , Seattle Mariners ( 1981-1982 ) , Philadelphia Phillies ( 1983-1986 , 1993-1994 ) , Houston Astros ( 1986-1990 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 1990 ) , and San Diego Padres ( 1991-1992 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_Indians', 'summary': "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . Since 1994 , they have played at Progressive Field . The team 's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear , Arizona . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the team has won 10 Central Division titles , six American League pennants , and two World Series championships , ( in 1920 and 1948 ) . The team 's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams . The name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season . It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis , a Native American , was playing for the team . Common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos , the latter referencing their former logo , Chief Wahoo . The team 's mascot is named Slider . The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers , a minor league team in the Western League . The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '264', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Caldwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Caldwell_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Ralph Michael Mike Caldwell ( born January 22 , 1949 ) is an American and former collegiate and professional baseball left-handed pitcher .'}]}, {'value': 'San Diego Padres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Padres', 'summary': 'The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1969 , the Padres have won two NL pennants - in 1984 and 1998 , losing in the World Series both years . As of 2018 , they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history . The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams ( the other being the Los Angeles Angels ) in California to originate from that state ; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia ( and moved to the state from Kansas City ) , and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs - Brooklyn and Manhattan , respectively . The Padres are the only MLB team that does not share its city with another franchise in the four major American professional sports leagues . The Padres are the only major professional sports franchise to be located in San Diego , following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017 . They are also the only franchise in the MLB not to have a no-hitter , having gone 8,020 games without throwing one , a major league record to begin a franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '346', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Flanagan *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Flanagan_(baseball)', 'summary': "Michael Kendall Flanagan ( December 16 , 1951 - August 24 , 2011 ) was an American left-handed pitcher , front office executive , and color commentator . With the exception of four years with the Toronto Blue Jays ( 1987-90 ) , he was with the Baltimore Orioles for his entire career in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Flanagan was a starting pitcher for the Orioles from 1975 through 1987 . He was named to the American League ( AL ) All-Star Team once in 1978 . The following year , the first of two times he would play on an AL pennant winner , his 23 victories led the circuit and earned him the league 's Cy Young Award . He was a member of the Orioles ' World Series Championship team in 1983 . He returned to Baltimore to close out his playing career as a reliever in 1991 and 1992 . During this second tour , he contributed to the most recent no-hitter thrown by the club . He was also the last Orioles pitcher to appear in a major-league contest at Memorial Stadium . In an 18-season career , Flanagan posted a 167-143 record with 1,491 strikeouts and a 3.90 ERA in 2,770 innings pitched . He served in three different positions with the Orioles after his retirement as an active player . He was the pitching coach in 1995 and 1998 and the executive vice president of baseball operations from 2006 through 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Astros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Astros', 'summary': "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston , Texas . The Astros compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division , having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League ( NL ) . The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in 1962 along with the New York Mets . The current name , reflecting Houston 's role as the host of the Johnson Space Center , was adopted three years later , when they moved into the Astrodome , the first domed sports stadium and the so-called eighth wonder of the world . The Astros moved to a new stadium called Minute Maid Park in 2000 . The Astros played in the NL West division from 1969 to 1993 , then the NL Central division from 1994 to 2012 , before being moved to the AL West as part of a minor realignment in 2013 . The Astros posted their first winning record in 1972 and made the playoffs for the first time in 1980 . The team made its first World Series appearance in 2005 as an NL team , only to be swept by the Chicago White Sox . The team embraced sabermetrics and new technologies in the 2010s , transforming from a tanking 100-loss team into a powerhouse . The Astros won the 2017 World Series , their first championship , against the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the wake of Hurricane Harvey . They returned to the World Series in 2019 , losing to the Washington Nationals in seven games . On January 13 , 2020 , the Astros manager A.J ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '582', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roger Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roger_Williams_(U.S._politician)', 'summary': "John Roger Williams ( born September 13 , 1949 ) is an American car dealer and politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Texas 's 25th congressional district since 2013 . A member of the Republican Party , he previously served under Governor Rick Perry as Secretary of State of Texas from November 2004 to July 1 , 2007 . With a net worth of $ 27.7 million , Williams is one of the wealthiest members of Congress ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Braves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Braves', 'summary': "The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . The team played its home games at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996 , and at Turner Field from 1997 to 2016 . Since 2017 , their home stadium has been Truist Park ( formerly SunTrust Park ) , located 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of downtown Atlanta in Cobb County , Georgia . The Braves play spring training games at CoolToday Park in North Port , Florida . The name Braves , which was first used in 1912 , originates from a term for a Native American warrior . They are nicknamed the Bravos , and often referred to as America 's Team in reference to the team 's games being broadcast on the nationally available TBS from the 1970s until 2007 , giving the team a nationwide fan base . From 1991 to 2005 , the Braves were one of the most successful teams in baseball , winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times ( omitting the strike-shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions ) , and producing one of the greatest pitching rotations in the history of baseball . Most notably , this rotation consisted of pitchers Greg Maddux , John Smoltz , and Tom Glavine . Pitcher Steve Avery also was a significant contributor to the rotation during the period of 1991-1993 . The Braves won the National League West division from 1991 to 1993 , and after divisional realignment , the National League East division from 1995 to 2005 . They returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': '699', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Bartkowski *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Bartkowski', 'summary': 'Steven Joseph Bartkowski ( born November 12 , 1952 ) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) who played for the Atlanta Falcons ( 1975-1985 ) and the Los Angeles Rams ( 1986 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals', 'summary': "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ."}]}, {'value': 'First Baseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': '764', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Theismann *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Theismann', 'summary': "Joseph Robert Theismann ( born September 9 , 1949 ) is an American former professional gridiron football player , sports commentator , corporate speaker and restaurateur . He played quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) and Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . Theismann spent 12 seasons with the Washington Redskins , where he was a two-time Pro Bowler and helped the team to consecutive Super Bowl appearances , winning Super Bowl XVII over the Miami Dolphins and losing Super Bowl XVIII . He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003 . Following his retirement from football in 1985 after a career-ending injury , Theismann worked as a sportscaster and an analyst on pro football broadcasts with ESPN for nearly 20 years . He primarily partnered with Mike Patrick , for the network 's Sunday Night Football package and for one season of Monday Night Football with Mike Tirico and Tony Kornheiser . Theismann also worked as a color analyst on NFL Network 's Thursday Night Football package with play-by-play voice Bob Papa and Matt Millen . Theismann also co-hosts the network 's weekly show Playbook . Since 2011 , he has worked on the Redskins preseason television broadcast team . Additionally , he works on the NFL Network on a variety of programs , primarily as an analyst . Theismann is the owner of Theismann 's Restaurant and Bar in Alexandria , Virginia , founded in 1975 . He also performs as a speaker for corporate events , speaking on topics such as leadership and self-motivation ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Twins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Twins', 'summary': 'The Minnesota Twins are an American professional baseball team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team is named after the Twin Cities area comprising Minneapolis and St. Paul . The franchise was founded in Washington , D.C. in 1901 as the Washington Senators . The team relocated to Minnesota and was renamed the Minnesota Twins at the start of the 1961 season . The Twins played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 to 1981 and in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 to 2009 . The team played its inaugural game at Target Field on April 12 , 2010 . The franchise won the World Series in 1924 as the Senators , and in 1987 and 1991 as the Twins . Through the 2019 season , the team has fielded 19 American League batting champions . The team has hosted five All-Star Games : 1937 and 1956 in Washington , D.C. ; and 1965 , 1985 , and 2014 in Minneapolis-St. Paul .'}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '776', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith Hernandez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hernandez', 'summary': "Keith Hernandez ( born October 20 , 1953 ) is an American former Major League Baseball first baseman who played the majority of his career with the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets . Hernandez was a five-time All-Star who shared the 1979 NL MVP award , and won two World Series titles , one each with the Cardinals and Mets . A contact hitter with a .296 career average and a walk rate of 12.5% , Hernandez 's career hitting productivity was 31% above league average . For his defensive work he received Gold Glove awards in 11 consecutive seasons , the most by any first baseman in baseball history . Hernandez is widely considered the best defensive player at his position in the history of baseball . Hernandez retired as an active player after spending one year with the Cleveland Indians in 1990 . Since 2006 , he has served as a television broadcaster for Mets games on SportsNet New York and WPIX , as well as a studio analyst for MLB on Fox since 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals', 'summary': "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis , Missouri . The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006 . One of the nation 's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs , the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships , more than any other NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees . The team has won 19 National League pennants , third-most of any team . St. Louis has also won 14 division titles in the East and Central divisions . In 1881 , entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased the Brown Stockings barnstorming club , renamed it the St. Louis Browns , and made it a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) baseball league . The team won four league championships , qualifying them to play in the era 's professional baseball championship tournament , a forerunner of the modern World Series . In two of these championships , the Browns met the Chicago White Stockings , launching the enduring Cardinals-Cubs rivalry . In 1892 , the Browns - also called the Perfectos - joined the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs , later renamed the National League . In 1900 , the team was renamed the Cardinals . ( Two years later , an unrelated St. Louis Browns team joined the American League . )"}]}, {'value': 'First Baseman', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other notable selections', 'section_text': '= All-Star = Baseball Hall of Famer [ 2 ]', 'uid': '1971_Major_League_Baseball_Draft_0', 'intro': 'The following are the first round picks in the 1971 Major League Baseball draft.'}
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How many teams did the Indians ' pick play for ?
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six
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_AFL_draft', 'title': '1999 AFL draft', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Recruited from', 'Recruited to'], 'data': [{'value': 'Priority', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Priority_draft_pick', 'summary': "The priority draft pick is a type of draft selection in the Australian Football League 's AFL Draft . Priority draft picks are additional draft picks , located at or near the start of the draft , which are given only to the poorest performing teams , to provide additional help for those teams to improve on-field performances in future years . Prior to 2012 , a team automatically received a priority draft pick if its win-loss record met pre-defined eligibility criteria ; since 2012 , priority draft picks will be awarded on a discretionary basis by the AFL commission . The priority draft pick has been the consistent subject of controversy , as several poor-performing teams have been accused of tanking during the later part of the season to ensure that they qualify for the additional draft pick ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josh Fraser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Fraser', 'summary': 'Josh Fraser ( born 5 January 1982 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Gold Coast Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Murray Bushrangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murray_Bushrangers', 'summary': 'The Murray Bushrangers is an Australian rules football team playing in Victorian statewide under-18s competition , presently known as the NAB League , since 1993 based in Wangaratta . The team trains on Norm Minns Oval . The team is coached by Leon Higgins . Guernsey colors are Black , Purple and Yellow , with black socks and black ( home ) or white ( away ) shorts . The Bushrangers have produced some of the current elite Australian Football League players through the AFL Draft including Daniel Cross , Brett Deledio , Steele Sidebottom , Steve Johnson , Jarrad Waite , Kayne Pettifer , Justin Koschitzke , Hamish McIntosh , Barry Hall , Fraser Gehrig , Ben Mathews , Steven King , Robert Campbell , Alipate Carlile , David Mundy & Shannon Byrnes'}]}, {'value': 'Collingwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Collingwood Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies or colloquially the Pies , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood , the club played in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now the national AFL ) . Originally based at Victoria Park , Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre . Collingwood has played in a record 44 VFL/AFL Grand Finals ( including rematches ) , winning 15 , drawing two and losing 27 ( also a record ) . Regarded as one of Australia 's most popular sports clubs , Collingwood attracts the highest attendance figures and television ratings of any professional team in the nation . The club 's song , Good Old Collingwood Forever , dates back to 1906 , making it the oldest song currently used in the AFL . Its iconic home guernsey consists of black and white stripes , matching the colours of the Australian magpie . Historically the club 's main rivals have been cross-town clubs Carlton , Richmond and Essendon . Since the turn of the millennium , the club developed rivalries with the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Lions . Collingwood fields a reserves team in the Victorian Football League ( formerly the VFA ) and women 's teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions . It also owns and operates a netball team in the National Netball League ."}]}, {'value': 'Priority', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Priority_draft_pick', 'summary': "The priority draft pick is a type of draft selection in the Australian Football League 's AFL Draft . Priority draft picks are additional draft picks , located at or near the start of the draft , which are given only to the poorest performing teams , to provide additional help for those teams to improve on-field performances in future years . Prior to 2012 , a team automatically received a priority draft pick if its win-loss record met pre-defined eligibility criteria ; since 2012 , priority draft picks will be awarded on a discretionary basis by the AFL commission . The priority draft pick has been the consistent subject of controversy , as several poor-performing teams have been accused of tanking during the later part of the season to ensure that they qualify for the additional draft pick ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Hasleby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Hasleby', 'summary': 'Paul Andrew Hasleby ( born 12 June 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer . He played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) and the East Fremantle and South Fremantle Football Clubs in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . He was the winner of the AFL Rising Star award in 2000 , and coached South Fremantle from 2012 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'East Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Sharks , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team 's home ground is East Fremantle Oval . East Fremantle are the most successful club in WAFL history , winning 29 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Fiora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Fiora', 'summary': 'Aaron Fiora ( born 19 April 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond and St Kilda in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide Magpies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Magpies_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matthew Pavlich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matthew_Pavlich', 'summary': 'Matthew Pavlich ( born 31 December 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . A versatile player , Pavlich is widely regarded as one of the premier AFL centre half-forwards of the modern era , achieving All-Australian selection six times between 2002 and 2008 , twice representing Australia in the International Rules Series and representing the Dream Team in the 2008 Hall of Fame Tribute Match . Pavlich played his entire AFL career at Fremantle after making his debut for the club in 2000 . Over his 17-year career , he was a six-time best and fairest winner , eight-time leading goalkicker and was the club captain between 2007 and 2015 . In 2014 , he became the first player from a Western Australian-based club to reach 300 AFL games .'}]}, {'value': 'Woodville-West Torrens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woodville-West_Torrens_Football_Club', 'summary': "Woodville-West Torrens Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . It was formed in 1990 from an amalgamation of the neighbouring Woodville and West Torrens football clubs and played its inaugural game in 1991 . Since 1993 , the Eagles have played most of their home games at Woodville 's home ground of Woodville Oval , having previously used Football Park . They also play two or three games per season at their pre-season base of Thebarton Oval , a ground which has six light towers that the club has upgraded in 2012 to allow night games at the ground for the first time since the 1983 Escort Cup Grand Final ( a game won by West Torrens ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leigh Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Brown', 'summary': "Leigh Brown ( born 23 February 1982 ) is a former Australian rules football player who played for Fremantle , North Melbourne and finally Collingwood in the Australian Football League . He is a Collingwood premiership player . After the 2011 Grand Final Brown retired and was announced as Melbourne 's forward coach . He is renowned for his tackling ability as well as his Utility roles . His family Paul brown , Simon brown , Kaine brown , Anette brown , Kevin brown , Adam brown were alone side through his afl career"}]}, {'value': 'Gippsland Power', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gippsland_Power', 'summary': 'The Gippsland Power is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Damian Cupido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damian_Cupido', 'summary': 'Damian Cupido ( born 11 March 1982 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Lions and Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Ranges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Ranges', 'summary': 'The Eastern Ranges is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition . The club is a founding member of the competition ( 1992 ) and has produced several players for the Australian Football League including Kade Simpson , Rory Sloane , Nick Malceski , David Wirrpanda , Jess Sinclair , Damian Cupido , Lindsay Gilbee , Travis Cloke , Chris Scott , Brad Scott , Matthew Bate , Jonathon Patton , Chris Knights , Jaidyn Stephenson and Hayden Crozier .'}]}, {'value': 'Brisbane Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane_Lions', 'summary': "The Brisbane Lions Australian Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club who play in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club is based in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia . The club was formed in late 1996 from the merger of the Fitzroy Lions and the Brisbane Bears . The Lions are one of the most successful AFL clubs of the 21st century , having appeared in four consecutive AFL Grand Finals from 2001 to 2004 and winning three premierships ( 2001 , 2002 , 2003 ) . The club plays home matches in the AFL at the Gabba and is captained by Dayne Zorko and coached by Chris Fagan . The Lions were a foundation team in the AFL Women 's competition in 2017 and have featured in two grand finals in that time , finishing runners-up on both occasions . The Brisbane Bears were the first south-east Queensland based team formed in the region . They played at their home ground at Carrara Stadium on the Gold Coast from 1987 to 1992 before relocating to the Gabba in 1993 . The club continues to play its home games at the Gabba ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danny Roach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Roach', 'summary': "Danny Roach ( born 6 January 1982 ) was an Australian rules football player for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Roach , a Tasmanian , played only one game for Collingwood after being a first round pick in the 1999 AFL Draft . He played his debut season at the club for Victorian Football League club Williamstown ( Collingwood 's affiliate team ) before getting his chance in early 2001 against Richmond . Roach was unsuccessful in his AFL Debut , having only 1 tackle for the entire match , in what would be his first and last AFL game ."}]}, {'value': 'Tassie Mariners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tassie_Mariners', 'summary': 'The Tassie Mariners is an under-18 Australian rules football club representing the state of Tasmania . They currently play in the AFL Under 18 Championships and also played in the Victorian statewide under-18s competition ( then known as the TAC Cup ) from 1995 until 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'Collingwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Collingwood Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies or colloquially the Pies , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood , the club played in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now the national AFL ) . Originally based at Victoria Park , Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre . Collingwood has played in a record 44 VFL/AFL Grand Finals ( including rematches ) , winning 15 , drawing two and losing 27 ( also a record ) . Regarded as one of Australia 's most popular sports clubs , Collingwood attracts the highest attendance figures and television ratings of any professional team in the nation . The club 's song , Good Old Collingwood Forever , dates back to 1906 , making it the oldest song currently used in the AFL . Its iconic home guernsey consists of black and white stripes , matching the colours of the Australian magpie . Historically the club 's main rivals have been cross-town clubs Carlton , Richmond and Essendon . Since the turn of the millennium , the club developed rivalries with the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Lions . Collingwood fields a reserves team in the Victorian Football League ( formerly the VFA ) and women 's teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions . It also owns and operates a netball team in the National Netball League ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joel Corey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joel_Corey', 'summary': "Joel Corey ( born 17 February 1982 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . A midfielder , 1.90 metres ( 6 ft 3 in ) tall and weighing 87 kilograms ( 192 lb ) , Corey is able to contribute inside or outside while on the ball . Corey is a dual Carji Greeves Medallist , two-time All-Australian , and was part of Geelong 's AFL premiership-winning teams in 2007 , 2009 and 2011 . He was also selected in the Dream Team , a representative Australian rules football team that contested in the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match , as well as being selected to represent Australia in International rules football . Corey currently serves as the stoppages coach of the Western Bulldogs ."}]}, {'value': 'East Perth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Perth_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Perth Football Club , nicknamed the Royals , is an Australian rules football club based in Leederville , Western Australia , current playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . Formed in 1902 as the Union Football Club , the club entered the WAFL in 1906 , changing its name to East Perth . It won its first premiership in 1919 , part of a streak of five consecutive premierships . Overall , the club has won 17 premierships , most recently in 2002 . The club is currently based at Leederville Oval , which it shares with the Subiaco Football Club , having previously played home games at Wellington Square ( from 1901 to 1909 ) and Perth Oval ( formerly known as Loton Park ) from 1910 to 1999 . The current coach of East Perth is Jeremy Barnard and the current captains are Kyle Anderson and Patrick McGinnity . From 2014 until 2018 , East Perth served as the host club for the West Coast Eagles of the Australian Football League , the arrangement saw West Coast 's reserves players playing in the WAFL for East Perth ."}]}, {'value': 'Geelong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caydn Beetham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caydn_Beetham', 'summary': "Caydn Beetham ( born 11 March 1982 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Beetham was a midfielder , taken at pick nine in the 1999 AFL Draft from the Oakleigh Chargers in the TAC Cup . He fell seriously ill in his first year with St Kilda but managed to make nine appearances in the second half of the season . The following year , in round five , he was nominated for the 2001 AFL Rising Star award after amassing 23 disposals against Carlton , a performance that would also win him two Brownlow Medal votes . Beetham , who had Scheuermann 's disease , played a total of 20 games that season and was St Kilda 's fourth leading disposal getter . In 2002 he struggled for form and at the end of the year announced a surprise retirement from AFL football ."}]}, {'value': 'Oakleigh Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oakleigh_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Oakleigh Chargers is an Australian rules football club playing in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia . They are based at Warrawee Park in Oakleigh , Victoria , representing the southeastern suburban area of Melbourne . The Chargers were one of two additional metropolitan clubs introduced to the competition in 1995 as part of a plan by the AFL to replace the traditional club zones with independent junior clubs . This was to help aid in player development and the process of the AFL draft . In June 2008 the Chargers moved into a new pavilion at their Warrawee Park , They have Been The Feeder Club to Port Melbourne Football Club Since 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'St Kilda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club', 'summary': "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke McPharlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_McPharlin', 'summary': 'Luke McPharlin ( born 1 December 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) for the Fremantle Football Club between 2002 and 2015 , after two seasons with the Hawthorn Football Club . He was educated at Christ Church Grammar School in Perth where he graduated in 1999 . Throughout his AFL career , McPharlin predominantly played as a key defender .'}]}, {'value': 'East Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Sharks , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team 's home ground is East Fremantle Oval . East Fremantle are the most successful club in WAFL history , winning 29 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hawthorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darren Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darren_Glass', 'summary': 'Darren Glass ( born 14 May 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He is currently serving as an assistant coach for the Hawthorn Football Club . Originally from Northam , Western Australia , he attended Carine Senior High School . Glass began his career with Perth in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) , before being recruited by West Coast with the 11th pick in the 1999 National Draft , making his debut for the club the following season . Playing mainly as a full-back , Glass was named in the All-Australian team on four occasions , including as captain of the 2012 team . He was named captain of West Coast in 2008 , after Chris Judd was traded to Carlton , and won club best and fairest awards in 2007 , 2009 , and 2011 . Glass retired from football midway through the 2014 season , having played 270 games for West Coast .'}]}, {'value': 'Perth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Perth Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is an Australian rules football club based in Lathlain , Western Australia , currently playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . Representing the south-east area of the Perth metropolitan region , the club currently trains and plays its home games at Lathlain Park ( currently known , for sponsorship reasons , as Mineral Resources Park ) , having previously played at the WACA Ground between 1899 and 1958 and later in 1987 and 1988 . The club was founded in 1899 and began playing in the First Rate Junior Association , but was promoted to the WAFL in place of the Rovers Football Club midway through the season , from which it drew much of its original squad . Perth won its first premiership in 1907 , but did not win another until 1955 . Overall , the club has won seven premierships , including a hat-trick between 1966 and 1968 , with the last coming in 1977 . Perth is statistically one of the least successful teams in the competition , having not made a finals series since 1997 , and not played in a grand final since 1978 . The current coach the club is Earl Spalding , appointed for the 2015 season on 13 October 2014 . Perth finished last of nine teams in 2014 , and their run of fourteen consecutive defeats to end the season is their third-longest winless streak and second-longest actual losing streak on record .'}]}, {'value': 'West Coast Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles', 'summary': "The West Coast Eagles Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Perth , Western Australia , and plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The West Coast Eagles was founded in 1986 as an expansion team . It entered the AFL , then known as the Victorian Football League , in 1987 along with Queensland 's Brisbane Bears . It reached the finals series for the first time in 1988 , and won its first premiership in 1992 , having been defeated in the grand final the previous year . It was the first non-Victorian team to compete in and win a grand final . The Eagles have since won three more premierships , in 1994 , 2006 and 2018 . The club is currently coached by Adam Simpson . The Eagles have won the second most premierships ( four , second to Hawthorn ) in the AFL era ( 1990 onwards ) and are one of the most strongly supported and profitable clubs in the league . As well as competing in the AFL , West Coast also field teams in the AFL Women 's ( AFLW ) and West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Koulouriotis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Koulouriotis', 'summary': "Paul Koulouriotis ( born 21 February 1982 ) is a former Australian rules footballer . who played one season for Port Adelaide in 2000 , before playing three seasons for Geelong from 2004-2006 in the AFL . Koulouriotis attended St Mary 's secondary school , now Simonds Catholic College , in West Melbourne before transferring to St Joseph 's College , Melbourne to complete his VCE in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Calder Cannons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calder_Cannons', 'summary': 'The Calder Cannons is an Australian rules football club from Melbourne , Australia . The club competes in the NAB League , the Victorian Statewide Under-18s competition , and fields squads in the Under-15s , Under-16s and Under-18s . The club was formed in 1995 after the need for two more metropolitan clubs . The geographic catchment area for the club is the north western suburbs of Melbourne extending to cover the Macedon Ranges area .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Murphy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Murphy_(Australian_rules_footballer)', 'summary': "Robert Murphy ( born 9 June 1982 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Renowned for his silky skills and leadership qualities , Murphy also proved a versatile player , equally capable of playing in attack or in defence depending on the situation . He was appointed as the Bulldogs ' captain for 2015 following the departure of predecessor Ryan Griffen ."}]}, {'value': 'Gippsland Power', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gippsland_Power', 'summary': 'The Gippsland Power is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Western Bulldogs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Bulldogs', 'summary': "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Travis Gaspar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Travis_Gaspar', 'summary': 'Travis Gaspar ( born 28 March 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League . He was recruited as the number 14 draft pick in the 1999 AFL Draft from South Fremantle . Gaspar made his debut for the West Coast Eagles in Round 8 , 2001 against Hawthorn . During the 2005 preliminary final against Adelaide , Gaspar elbowed McGregor just before the bounce-down . This resulted in a 50-metre penalty and Adelaide kicking the first goal . He was charged with striking , but found not guilty due to it being deemed an act of self-defence . Gaspar was cleared to play for the Eagles in the 2005 Grand Final against the Swans . After playing in the Grand Final , Gaspar never played AFL again after his contract was not renewed at the end of the 2006 season . In 2011 Travis competed in the SunSmart IRONMAN Busselton in Western Australia , Australia . He finished the competition in 9 hours 48 seconds , ranked 10th in his division and 62nd overall . Gaspar is now a Director of the Inspired Living Foundation , which provides life skills and wellbeing programs to schools and community groups . Gaspar is the youngest brother of Damien and Darren , two players who also reached AFL level .'}]}, {'value': 'South Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The South Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Bulldogs , is an Australian rules football club , based in Fremantle , Western Australia , playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . It was formed in 1900 and plays its home games at Fremantle Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'West Coast Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles', 'summary': "The West Coast Eagles Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Perth , Western Australia , and plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The West Coast Eagles was founded in 1986 as an expansion team . It entered the AFL , then known as the Victorian Football League , in 1987 along with Queensland 's Brisbane Bears . It reached the finals series for the first time in 1988 , and won its first premiership in 1992 , having been defeated in the grand final the previous year . It was the first non-Victorian team to compete in and win a grand final . The Eagles have since won three more premierships , in 1994 , 2006 and 2018 . The club is currently coached by Adam Simpson . The Eagles have won the second most premierships ( four , second to Hawthorn ) in the AFL era ( 1990 onwards ) and are one of the most strongly supported and profitable clubs in the league . As well as competing in the AFL , West Coast also field teams in the AFL Women 's ( AFLW ) and West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Spriggs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Spriggs', 'summary': "David Spriggs ( born 25 January 1981 ) is an Australian rules footballer with the Vermont Football Club in the Eastern Football League , who formerly played for the AFL 's Geelong Football Club , Sydney Swans and the Port Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League ."}]}, {'value': 'Prahran Dragons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prahran_Dragons', 'summary': 'The Sandringham Dragons are an Australian rules football club playing in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia . They are based at the Trevor Barker Oval in Sandringham , Victoria , representing the southern suburban area of Melbourne . The Dragons were one of the founding metropolitan clubs of the competition in 1992 as part of a plan by the Victorian State Football League to replace the traditional club zones with independent junior clubs . This was to help aid in player development and the process of the AFL draft . The club was originally named the Central Dragons and played out of Toorak Oval in Prahran , Victoria . In 1995 the name of the club was changed to Prahran Dragons as part of the agreement which saw the Prahran Two Blues exit the senior Victorian Football League . In 2000 , the club relocated to the Trevor Barker Beach Oval in Sandringham and changed its name for the new locality .'}]}, {'value': 'Geelong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Haynes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Haynes', 'summary': 'David Haynes ( born 10 June 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the West Coast Eagles and Geelong in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , and East Perth in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . Originally from North Warrnambool Football Club in the Hampden Football League , Haynes played for junior club Geelong Falcons before being drafted by West Coast with the 16th selection of the 1999 AFL Draft , which the Eagles had secured from Fremantle in exchange for Brendon Fewster . Haynes made his senior AFL debut in 2000 but spent most of his first two seasons in the WAFL with East Perth , where he was a member of their 2001 premiership team . A half forward flanker , he kicked 27 goals from 21 appearances for West Coast in 2003 . At the 2003 AFL Draft , Haynes was traded to Geelong , for the 20th draft pick with which West Coast drafted Sam Butler . In 2004 Haynes played 16 games , three of them in the finals series , but was delisted after registering just three appearances the following season .'}]}, {'value': 'Geelong Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Falcons', 'summary': "The Geelong Falcons is a youth Australian rules football representative club in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition , Victoria , Australia . The club takes in talented junior players from the Geelong , Colac and Warrnambool regions in order to prepare them for AFL selection . There is an under-15 vline cup side and an under-16 side , but the club 's main focus is its under-18 side , who play a longer season . In 2007 , Jimmy Bartel became the first ex-Falcon to win the AFL Brownlow Medal , for the league 's best and fairest player , while Jonathan Brown became the first ex-Falcon to win the Coleman Medal for the most goals in the season . Gary Ablett Jnr also became the first ex-Falcon to win the Leigh Matthews Trophy , for being voted the Most Valuable Player by the AFL Players Association . Hawthorn half-back Luke Hodge became the first Falcon to win the Norm Smith Medal for his best on ground performance in the 2008 Grand Final against the Geelong Cats . Nick Maxwell became the first Geelong Falcons player to captain a premiership team when he led Collingwood to the 2010 AFL Premiership ."}]}, {'value': 'West Coast Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles', 'summary': "The West Coast Eagles Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Perth , Western Australia , and plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The West Coast Eagles was founded in 1986 as an expansion team . It entered the AFL , then known as the Victorian Football League , in 1987 along with Queensland 's Brisbane Bears . It reached the finals series for the first time in 1988 , and won its first premiership in 1992 , having been defeated in the grand final the previous year . It was the first non-Victorian team to compete in and win a grand final . The Eagles have since won three more premierships , in 1994 , 2006 and 2018 . The club is currently coached by Adam Simpson . The Eagles have won the second most premierships ( four , second to Hawthorn ) in the AFL era ( 1990 onwards ) and are one of the most strongly supported and profitable clubs in the league . As well as competing in the AFL , West Coast also field teams in the AFL Women 's ( AFLW ) and West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ezra Bray', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calder Cannons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calder_Cannons', 'summary': 'The Calder Cannons is an Australian rules football club from Melbourne , Australia . The club competes in the NAB League , the Victorian Statewide Under-18s competition , and fields squads in the Under-15s , Under-16s and Under-18s . The club was formed in 1995 after the need for two more metropolitan clubs . The geographic catchment area for the club is the north western suburbs of Melbourne extending to cover the Macedon Ranges area .'}]}, {'value': 'Geelong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 ( F/S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Father-son_rule', 'summary': 'The father-son rule is a rule that allows clubs preferential recruiting access to the sons of players who have made a major past contribution to the team in Australian rules football , most notably the Australian Football League . The rule was first established in the late 1940s . There have been more than ten amendments , most recently the refining of the draft bidding process in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhyce Shaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhyce_Shaw', 'summary': 'Rhyce Shaw ( born 16 October 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He is the senior coach of the North Melbourne Football Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Preston Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Knights', 'summary': 'The Northern Knights is an Australian rules football club playing in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia . They are based in Preston , representing the northern suburban area of Melbourne . The Knights are one of the six original clubs set up as part of a plan by the Victorian State Football League to replace the traditional club zones with independent junior clubs . This was to help aid in player development and the process of the AFL draft , which allows U18 players the opportunity to be selected by AFL clubs . Northern Knights have had many of their players drafted into the AFL , including the first two selections in the 2007 AFL Draft , Matthew Kreuzer and Trent Cotchin , and the fifth selection in the 2008 AFL Draft , Michael Hurley . Previously drafted players include Anthony Rocca , Brent Harvey , Jack Grimes , Lance Whitnall , Brent Stanton , Heath Shaw , Marcus Bontempelli and David Zaharakis .'}]}, {'value': 'Collingwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Collingwood Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies or colloquially the Pies , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood , the club played in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now the national AFL ) . Originally based at Victoria Park , Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre . Collingwood has played in a record 44 VFL/AFL Grand Finals ( including rematches ) , winning 15 , drawing two and losing 27 ( also a record ) . Regarded as one of Australia 's most popular sports clubs , Collingwood attracts the highest attendance figures and television ratings of any professional team in the nation . The club 's song , Good Old Collingwood Forever , dates back to 1906 , making it the oldest song currently used in the AFL . Its iconic home guernsey consists of black and white stripes , matching the colours of the Australian magpie . Historically the club 's main rivals have been cross-town clubs Carlton , Richmond and Essendon . Since the turn of the millennium , the club developed rivalries with the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Lions . Collingwood fields a reserves team in the Victorian Football League ( formerly the VFA ) and women 's teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions . It also owns and operates a netball team in the National Netball League ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Green_(footballer)', 'summary': "Brad Green ( born 13 March 1981 ) is a former Australian rules football player and current North Melbourne development coach . He played for 13 seasons with Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Drafted with the 19th selection in the 1999 AFL Draft , Green played in a losing Grand Final in his first season . In 2010 he won the club 's best and fairest award and was the club 's leading goalkicker , with many commentators stating he was unlucky to miss out on All-Australian selection . Green was named Melbourne 's captain for the next season , but the appointment was short-lived as he held the position for only one year . He also represented the Australian International rules football team in 2004 , 2010 and 2011 , captaining the side in 2011 . Green is now an assistant coach at North Melbourne , having previously been an assistant coach at the Carlton Football Club from 2013 to 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tassie Mariners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tassie_Mariners', 'summary': 'The Tassie Mariners is an under-18 Australian rules football club representing the state of Tasmania . They currently play in the AFL Under 18 Championships and also played in the Victorian statewide under-18s competition ( then known as the TAC Cup ) from 1995 until 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Wheatley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Wheatley_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Paul Wheatley ( born 12 April 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . A Preston Knights recruit , Wheatley made his debut for the Melbourne Football Club in 2000 , after being selected at number 20 in the 1999 AFL Draft . Wheatley is known for his prodigious kicking , with his ability to pinpoint 60 metre passes using the drop punt . He is also known to be able to kick long distance torpedo punts , which led to speculation that he might try out as an American football punter . Paul polled two votes in the 2007 Brownlow Medal , his first votes , and five votes in 2008 , a career high . He has the record in the NAB Cup with the most goals scored outside of 50 m. Wheatley announced his retirement from the game and played his last match against St Kilda with Matthew Whelan in round 22 , 2009 . Wheatley played 135 games and kicked 34 goals . Wheatley stated that he intends to nominate for the pre-season draft and failing being picked up by another club will seek a trial in the NFL .'}]}, {'value': 'Preston Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Knights', 'summary': 'The Northern Knights is an Australian rules football club playing in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia . They are based in Preston , representing the northern suburban area of Melbourne . The Knights are one of the six original clubs set up as part of a plan by the Victorian State Football League to replace the traditional club zones with independent junior clubs . This was to help aid in player development and the process of the AFL draft , which allows U18 players the opportunity to be selected by AFL clubs . Northern Knights have had many of their players drafted into the AFL , including the first two selections in the 2007 AFL Draft , Matthew Kreuzer and Trent Cotchin , and the fifth selection in the 2008 AFL Draft , Michael Hurley . Previously drafted players include Anthony Rocca , Brent Harvey , Jack Grimes , Lance Whitnall , Brent Stanton , Heath Shaw , Marcus Bontempelli and David Zaharakis .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}], 'section_title': '1999 national draft', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1999_AFL_Draft_1', 'intro': 'The 1999 AFL draft consisted of a pre-season draft, a national draft, a trade period and a rookie elevation. The AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League. In 1999 there were 93 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft. The Collingwood Magpies received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 1999 AFL season.'}
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From which team was the player recruited from who was the winner of the AFL Rising Star award in 2000 ?
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East Fremantle
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02c4d7d16a4ee44b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Roache', 'title': 'Linus Roache', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No Surrender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/No_Surrender_(film)', 'summary': 'No Surrender is a 1985 British comedy film written by Alan Bleasdale . Describing the commissioning process , Bleasdale said , I went to the National Film Finance Corporation and told them I was never going to write Star Wars or Rambo Revisited or anything like that , so I just went ahead and wrote the film I wanted to write .'}]}, {'value': 'Ulster Boy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Link', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Link_(film)', 'summary': "Link is a 1986 British horror film starring Elisabeth Shue and Terence Stamp along with a trio of simian stars which consist of Locke as Link , Jed as Imp , and Carried as Voodoo . The title character , Link , is a super-intelligent yet malicious chimpanzee ( played by an orangutan ) who lashes out against his masters when they try to have him euthanised . It was directed by Richard Franklin and written by Everett De Roche from a story by Lee David Zlotoff and Tom Ackermann . The score was provided by Jerry Goldsmith . It was filmed in St. Abbs , Scotland . Shue and Goldsmith received Saturn Award nominations for their contributions . Link is supposed to be a chimpanzee , as is evidenced by a poster of him in his old circus days as a chimpanzee , but for some unknown reason he is played by an orangutan who has his fur colored darker and is wearing prosthetic ears to make him resemble a chimpanzee . Franklin was a devotee of Alfred Hitchcock - he had recently directed Psycho II - and said after filming I hesitate to liken it to The Birds because everyone will say Oh shit , he 's doing Hitchcock again . ' Unlike The Birds , which is kind of a fantasy , Link is based on anthropological realities . Im calling it an anthropological thriller as opposed to a psychological thriller ."}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Priest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Priest_(1994_film)', 'summary': 'Priest is a 1994 British drama film directed by Antonia Bird in her directorial debut . The screenplay by Jimmy McGovern focuses on a Roman Catholic priest ( Linus Roache ) as he struggles with two issues that precipitate a crisis of faith .'}]}, {'value': 'Father Greg Pilkington', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wings of the Dove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wings_of_the_Dove_(1997_film)', 'summary': "The Wings of the Dove is a 1997 British-American romantic drama film directed by Iain Softley and starring Helena Bonham Carter , Linus Roache , and Alison Elliott . The screenplay by Hossein Amini is based on the 1902 novel of the same name by Henry James . The film was nominated for four Academy Awards and five BAFTAs , recognizing Bonham Carter 's performance , the screenplay , costume design and the cinematography ."}]}, {'value': 'Merton Densher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shot Through the Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shot_Through_the_Heart', 'summary': 'Shot Through the Heart is a 1998 television film directed by David Attwood , shown on the BBC and HBO in 1998 , which covers the Siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War . The film is based on a true story and an article called Anti-Sniper by John Falk ( published in the November 1995 issue of Details magazine ) . It won a Peabody Award in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vlado Selimović', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Venice Project', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Venice_Project', 'summary': 'The Venice Project is a 1999 American-Austrian comedy film directed by Robert Dornhelm and starring Lauren Bacall and Dennis Hopper . It includes a cameo appearance from Steve Martin .'}]}, {'value': 'Count Jacko/Count Giaccomo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Siam Sunset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siam_Sunset', 'summary': 'Siam Sunset is a 1999 Australian comedy film directed by John Polson and starring Linus Roache and Danielle Cormack .'}]}, {'value': 'Perry', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Best', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Best_(film)', 'summary': 'Best is a 2000 British film portraying the football career of the Northern Irish soccer star George Best , particularly his years spent at Manchester United . It was directed by Mary McGuckian .'}]}, {'value': 'Denis Law', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denis_Law', 'summary': "Denis Law CBE ( born 24 February 1940 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a forward . His career as a football player began at Second Division Huddersfield Town in 1956 . After four years at Huddersfield , he was signed by Manchester City for an estimated transfer fee of £55,000 , which set a new British record . Law spent one year there before Torino bought him for £110,000 , this time setting a new record fee for a transfer involving a British player . Although he played well in Italy , he found it difficult to settle there and signed for Manchester United in 1962 , setting another British record transfer fee of £115,000 . Law spent 11 years at Manchester United , where he scored 237 goals in 404 appearances . His goals tally places him third in the club 's history , behind Wayne Rooney and Bobby Charlton . He was nicknamed The King and The Lawman by supporters , and Denis the Menace by opposing supporters . He is the only Scottish player to have won the Ballon d'Or award , doing so in 1964 , and helped his club win the First Division in 1965 and 1967 . He missed their European Cup triumph in 1968 through injury . Law left Manchester United in 1973 to return to Manchester City for a season , and represented Scotland at the 1974 FIFA World Cup . He retired at the start of the 1974-75 season ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pandaemonium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pandaemonium_(movie)', 'summary': "Pandaemonium is a 2000 film , directed by Julien Temple , screenplay by Frank Cottrell Boyce . It is based on the early lives of English poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth , in particular their collaboration on the Lyrical Ballads ( 1798 ) , and Coleridge 's writing of Kubla Khan ( completed in 1797 , published in 1816 ) . Much of the film was shot on location on and around the Quantock Hills in Somerset ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Taylor Coleridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge', 'summary': 'Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( /ˈkoʊlərɪdʒ/ ; 21 October 1772 - 25 July 1834 ) was an English poet , literary critic , philosopher and theologian who , with his friend William Wordsworth , was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets . He also shared volumes and collaborated with Charles Lamb , Robert Southey , and Charles Lloyd . He wrote the poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan , as well as the major prose work Biographia Literaria . His critical work , especially on William Shakespeare , was highly influential , and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture . Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases , including suspension of disbelief . He had a major influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and American transcendentalism . Throughout his adult life Coleridge had crippling bouts of anxiety and depression ; it has been speculated that he had bipolar disorder , which had not been defined during his lifetime . He was physically unhealthy , which may have stemmed from a bout of rheumatic fever and other childhood illnesses . He was treated for these conditions with laudanum , which fostered a lifelong opium addiction .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Hart 's War", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hart's_War", 'summary': "Hart 's War is a 2002 American thriller drama film about a World War II prisoner of war ( POW ) camp based on the novel by John Katzenbach . It stars Bruce Willis as Col. William McNamara and Colin Farrell as Lt. Thomas Hart . The film co-stars Terrence Howard , Cole Hauser and Marcel Iureş . The film , directed by Gregory Hoblit , was shot at Barrandov Studios in Prague , and released on February 15 , 2002 . The film earned mixed reviews and did poorly at the box office ."}]}, {'value': 'Capt . Peter A. Ross', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beyond Borders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beyond_Borders_(film)', 'summary': "Beyond Borders is a 2003 American romantic-drama film about aid workers , directed by Martin Campbell and starring Angelina Jolie , Clive Owen , Teri Polo and Kate Ashfield . The original music score was composed by James Horner . Reflecting Jolie 's real-life interest in promoting humanitarian relief , the film was critically and financially unsuccessful . The film was marketed with the tagline In a place she did n't belong , among people she never knew , she found a way to make a difference . Concurrently with the release of the film , Jolie published Notes from My Travels , a collection of journal entries from her real-life experiences as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) - similar to her character in the film ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Bauford', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blind Flight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blind_Flight', 'summary': "Blind Flight is a 2003 British film directed by John Furse , starring Ian Hart and Linus Roache . It is based on the true-life story of the kidnapping and imprisonment of the Irish academic Brian Keenan and the English journalist John McCarthy , two of the hostages in the Lebanon hostage crisis . The film is based on Keenan 's memoir , An Evil Cradling and Some Other Rainbow by John McCarthy who was a screenplay consultant . The film received widespread critical acclaim , being nominated for six awards , and winning a BAFTA ."}]}, {'value': 'John McCarthy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McCarthy_(journalist)', 'summary': "John Patrick McCarthy CBE ( born 27 November 1956 ) is a British journalist , writer and broadcaster , and one of the hostages in the Lebanon hostage crisis . McCarthy was the United Kingdom 's longest-held hostage in Lebanon , where he was a prisoner for more than five years ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Forgotten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Forgotten_(2004_film)', 'summary': "The Forgotten is a 2004 American science fiction psychological horror thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben and starring Julianne Moore , Dominic West , Gary Sinise , Alfre Woodard , Linus Roache , and Anthony Edwards . The film 's plot revolves around a woman who believes that she lost her son in a plane crash 14 months earlier , only to wake up one morning and be told that she never had a son . All of her memories are intact , but with no physical evidence that contradicts the claims of her husband and her psychiatrist , and she sets out in search for solid evidence of her son 's existence . The film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures and was released in the United States and Canada on September 24 , 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Shineer , A Friendly Man', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Chronicles of Riddick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Riddick', 'summary': 'The Chronicles of Riddick is a 2004 American science fiction adventure film which follows the adventures of Richard B. Riddick as he attempts to elude capture after the events depicted in the 2000 film Pitch Black . It is written and directed by Pitch Black director David Twohy , with Vin Diesel reprising his role as Riddick and now also acting as producer . It is the first and so far only film in the franchise to be given a PG-13 rating . The film received negative reviews and was a box office disappointment . After escaping the dark planet , Richard B. Riddick has been in hiding for five years , evading most of the bounty hunters and mercenaries . Riddick is reunited with Imam , the man he rescued . Imam believes Riddick is a Furian , a race of warriors long thought extinct , and wants to know about his homeworld and if anyone other than himself is left . Recaptured by Toombs , Riddick is taken to Crematoria , a harsh subterranean prison moon , where Jack , a girl Riddick rescued , was reported to have been sent .'}]}, {'value': 'Purifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 and Holding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/12_and_Holding', 'summary': '12 and Holding is a 2005 American coming-of-age drama film directed by Michael Cuesta and starring Conor Donovan , Jesse Camacho , Zoe Weizenbaum , and Jeremy Renner . The film is distributed by IFC Films and was released on May 19 , 2005 in limited theaters .'}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Carges', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batman Begins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batman_Begins', 'summary': "Batman Begins is a 2005 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and David S. Goyer . Based on the DC Comics character Batman , it stars Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Liam Neeson , Katie Holmes , Gary Oldman , Cillian Murphy , Tom Wilkinson , Rutger Hauer , Ken Watanabe , and Morgan Freeman . The film reboots the Batman film series , telling the origin story of Bruce Wayne from the death of his parents to his journey to become Batman and his fight to stop Ra 's al Ghul and the Scarecrow from plunging Gotham City into chaos . Following the poor reception of Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) , a series of unsuccessful attempts were made to resurrect Batman on the big screen which put the Batman film series on hold for nearly eight years . Then , in early 2003 , Nolan and Goyer began work on Batman Begins . Aiming for a darker , more realistic tone compared to the previous films , a primary goal for their vision was to engage the audience 's emotional investment in both the Batman and Bruce Wayne identities of the lead character . The film , which was principally shot in the United Kingdom , Iceland and Chicago , relied heavily on traditional stunts and miniature effects , with computer-generated imagery being used in a minimal capacity compared to other action films . Comic book storylines such as The Man Who Falls , Batman : Year One and Batman : The Long Halloween served as inspiration . Batman Begins opened on June 15 , 2005 , in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters . It grossed over $ 48 million in its opening weekend in North America , eventually grossing over $ 375 million worldwide . The film was met with highly positive reviews , with critics praising the tone , Bale 's performance , action sequences , score , direction , and the emotional weight compared to previous Batman films . Often cited as one of the most influential films of the 2000s , Batman Begins was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Thomas Wayne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Wayne', 'summary': "Thomas Wayne is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . He is the father of Bruce Wayne ( Batman ) , and husband of Martha Wayne . Wayne was introduced in Detective Comics # 33 ( Nov. 1939 ) , the first exposition of Batman 's origin story . A gifted surgeon and philanthropist to Gotham City , Wayne inherited the Wayne family fortune after Patrick Wayne . When Wayne and his wife are murdered in a street robbery , Bruce is inspired to fight crime as the vigilante Batman . Wayne was revived in Geoff Johns ' alternate timeline comic Flashpoint ( 2011 ) , in which he plays a major role as a hardened version of Batman , whose son was killed instead of his wife and himself , and dies again by the end of the storyline . Wayne returned to the main DC Universe in DC Rebirth , as a revived amalgamation of his original self killed by Joe Chill and his Flashpoint Batman self killed by Eobard Thawne in The Button ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Through M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Voice of the Party', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Find Me Guilty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Find_Me_Guilty', 'summary': 'Find Me Guilty is a 2006 American courtroom comedy-drama crime film co-written and directed by Sidney Lumet , based on the true story of the longest Mafia trial in American history . The film stars Vin Diesel as mobster Giacomo Jackie DiNorscio , who faces a series of charges even though he has a prior 30-year sentence , but he decides to stand trial instead of ratting out his family and associates . A wrench is thrown into the system when DiNorscio attempts to defend himself and act as his own lawyer at trial . The film also stars Peter Dinklage , Linus Roache , Alex Rocco , and Ron Silver . Much of the courtroom testimony was taken from the original court transcripts .'}]}, {'value': 'Sean Kierney', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Namesake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Namesake_(film)', 'summary': 'The Namesake is a 2006 English-language drama film directed by Mira Nair and written by Sooni Taraporevala based on the novel The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri . It stars Tabu , Irrfan Khan , Kal Penn and Sahira Nair . The film was produced by Indian , American and Japanese studios . The film was released in the United States on 9 March 2007 , following screenings at film festivals in Toronto and New York City . The Namesake received positive reviews from American critics .'}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Lawson', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broken Thread', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ram', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Linus_Roache_0', 'intro': 'Linus William Roache (born 1 February 1964) is an English actor. He is known for playing Executive ADA Michael Cutter in the NBC dramas Law & Order (2008-10) and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011-12). More recently, Roache played Ecgberht, King of Wessex in Vikings in 2014. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for playing Robert F. Kennedy in RFK (2002) and won a Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor (TV) for his role as Ralph Wigram in The Gathering Storm (2002). His film appearances include Priest (1994), The Wings of the Dove (1997), Pandaemonium (2000), Batman Begins (2005), Non-Stop (2014), and Mandy (2018).'}
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What is the year of the film that covers the Siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War ?
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1998
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02c506f0c80cf480
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_World_Men's_Curling_Championship", 'title': "1990 World Men's Curling Championship", 'header': ['Country', 'Skip', 'W', 'L'], 'data': [{'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'Tommy Stjerne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Stjerne', 'summary': "Thomas Tommy Stjerne ( born 20 July 1957 in Copenhagen ) is a Danish curler . Stjerne curls out of Hvidovre Curling Club outside Copenhagen . He has represented Denmark in the 1977 , 1981 , 1983 , 1986 , 1989 , 1990 , and 1998 World Curling Championships . His best finish was a bronze in 1990 . He skipped his team to win the 2010 Danish Curling Championship . His son ( Rasmus Stjerne ) skipped the Danish team to a silver medal in the 2010 European Curling Championships . He will represent Denmark in the 2011 Ford World Men 's Curling Championship in Regina , Saskatchewan . His rink consists of him as skip , Per Berg as vice , Peter Andersen as second , Anders Søderblom as lead , and Jan Nebelong as alternate ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Lars-Åke Nordström', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lars-Åke_Nordström', 'summary': "Lars-Åke Larsa Nordström ( born July 23 , 1960 , died February 26 , 2009 ) was a Swedish curler and curling coach . He was a 1990 World men 's bronze medallist . He participated on 2006 Winter Olympics as a coach of Swedish men 's curling team . In 1998 he was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'David Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Smith_(curler)', 'summary': 'David Smith is a Scottish curler . He is the brother of curler Peter Smith and the father of curlers Kyle Smith and Cameron Smith .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Ed Werenich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ed_Werenich', 'summary': 'Edward Werenich ( born June 23 , 1947 ) is a Canadian curler from Holland Landing , Ontario . Nicknamed The Wrench , Werenich has been known to be a colourful and outspoken character . Outside of curling , Werenich worked as a firefighter .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'Eigil Ramsfjell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eigil_Ramsfjell', 'summary': 'Eigil Ramsfjell ( born March 17 , 1955 ) is a Norwegian curler , world champion and Olympic medalist . Many consider him as one of the pioneers in modern curling . He received a bronze medal as skip at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano . He was skip on the gold winning team when curling was a demonstration event at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . Ramsfjell is a three-time world champion , and has also received silver and bronze medals at the world championships . His son , Magnus followed in his footsteps , and is a former World Junior bronze medalist .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Model', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Jones_(curler)', 'summary': "Doug Jones is an American curler . He is a 1992 World Men 's bronze medallist and a three-times United States men 's curling champion ( 1988 , 1990 , 1992 ) ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Jussi Uusipaavalniemi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jussi_Uusipaavalniemi', 'summary': 'Jussi Uusipaavalniemi ( born June 19 , 1965 in Hyvinkää , Finland ) is a Finnish male curler . He started curling in 1979 at the age of 14 . He is the brother of Finnish male curler Markku Uusipaavalniemi .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrea Pavani', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Andy Kapp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andy_Kapp', 'summary': "Andreas Andy Kapp ( born 8 December 1967 ) is a German curler from Unterthingau . After a number of several tournaments at the Junior , Olympic and World Championship levels , Kapp surprised many by winning the 1992 European championship . The next year however , he finished only 7th , but at the 1994 World Championships he and his team won the bronze medal . The next year , Kapp would go on to win the bronze medal once again . Two years later , at the 1997 World Championships , Kapp achieved his best showing at a World Championship , as he led his team to a silver medal , losing to Sweden 's Peja Lindholm in the final . Kapp would also win his second European championships in December that year , soon before the first ever official medal Olympics for curling in Nagano . He would have a disappointing 1998 Olympics though where as one of the top medal favorites he went 1-6 , finishing in last place in the 8-team field . In the following years , Kapp was representing Germany at World- and European Championships with no podiumplaces . From 2002 the emergence of young German star Sebastian Stock started a new chapter in German curling , and the country 's representative at most major events such as Europeans , Worlds , and Olympics were not the Kapp brothers anymore . However , in 2005 Kapp was back , at the 2005 Ford World Men 's Curling Championship , and won a bronze medal after play-off losses to Scotland 's David Murdoch and Canada 's Randy Ferbey . The semifinal against Ferbey is remembered most [ by whom ? ] for third Uli on his first shot shockingly playing the wrong turn altogether on a shot in the final end , up 6-5 without hammer , leading to a disastrous miss and putting Germany in a near-impossible position for the remainder of the end and leading to their loss with Ferbey scoring 3 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Final round robin standings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "1990_World_Men's_Curling_Championship_0", 'intro': "The 1990 World Men's Curling Championships was held at the Rocklundahallen in Västerås, Sweden from April 1-7. The men's winner team Canada skipped by Ed Werenich."}
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Who is the son of the person from Denmark ?
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Rasmus Stjerne
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02c5ff18de19b7ca
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of bus transit systems in the United States', 'header': ['System', 'Locale', 'Major city ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Allegany County Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allegany_County_Transit', 'summary': 'Allegany County Transit ( ACT ) is a publicly funded , general-public bus system serving Allegany County , Maryland , providing Public Transportation . Allegany County has two types of services , a Fixed Route and a Demand Response Service . Allegany County Transit is a division of Allegany County Government .'}]}, {'value': 'Allegany County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allegany_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Allegany County is located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 75,087 . Its county seat is Cumberland . The name Allegany may come from a local Lenape word , welhik hane or oolikhanna , which means 'best flowing river of the hills ' or 'beautiful stream ' . A number of counties in the Appalachian region of the US are named Allegany , Allegheny , or Alleghany . Allegany County is part of the Cumberland , MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is a part of the Western Maryland panhandle ."}]}, {'value': 'Cumberland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Cumberland is a city in and the county seat of Allegany County , Maryland , United States . It is the primary city of the Cumberland , MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . At the 2010 census , the city had a population of 20,859 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 103,299 . Located on the Potomac River , Cumberland is a regional business and commercial center for Western Maryland and the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia . Historically Cumberland was known as the Queen City , as it was once the second largest in the state . Because of its strategic location on what became known as the Cumberland Road through the Appalachians , after the American Revolution it served as a historical outfitting and staging point for westward emigrant trail migrations throughout the first half of the 1800s . In this role , it supported the settlement of the Ohio Country and the lands in that latitude of the Louisiana Purchase . It also became an industrial center , served by major roads , railroads , and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal , which connected Cumberland to Washington , D.C. and is now a national park . Today , Interstate 68 bisects the town . Industry declined after World War II . Much of the later urban , business and technological development in the state has been concentrated in eastern coastal cities . Today the Cumberland , MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area is one of the poorest in the United States , ranking 305th out of 318 metropolitan areas in per capita income .'}]}, {'value': 'Annapolis Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annapolis_Transit', 'summary': 'Annapolis Transit is a public transportation service of the Annapolis , Maryland Department of Transportation . It provides seven fixed-routes and one free-fare circulator service to provide access between downtown Annapolis and its suburbs . The Maryland Transit Administration complements these routes , providing access to Baltimore via local bus service ( Route 14 or Washington , D.C. ) and/or Eastern Shore via commuter bus lines ( Routes 922 & 950 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Anne Arundel County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Anne Arundel County ( /əˈrʌndəl/ ) , also notated as AA or A.A. County , is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 537,656 , a population increase of just under 10% since 2000 . Its county seat is Annapolis , which is also the capital of the state . The county is named for Lady Anne Arundell ( 1615-1649 ) , a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall , England , and the wife of Cecilius Calvert , 2nd Baron Baltimore ( 1605-1675 ) , founder and first Lord Proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland . Anne Arundel County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson metropolitan statistical area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington combined statistical area .'}]}, {'value': 'Annapolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland', 'summary': "Annapolis ( /əˈnæpəlɪs/ ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County . Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River , 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of Baltimore and about 30 miles ( 50 km ) east of Washington , D.C. , Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . Its population was measured at 38,394 by the 2010 census . This city served as the seat of the Confederation Congress ( former Second Continental Congress ) and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783-1784 . At that time , General George Washington came before the body convened in the new Maryland State House and resigned his commission as commander of the Continental Army . A month later , the Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783 , ending the American Revolutionary War , with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States . The city and state capitol was also the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention , which issued a call to the states to send delegates for the Constitutional Convention to be held the following year in Philadelphia . Over 220 years later , the Annapolis Peace Conference was held in 2007 . Annapolis is the home of St. John 's College , founded 1696 ; the United States Naval Academy , established 1845 , is adjacent to the city limits ."}]}, {'value': 'Cecil Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cecil_Transit', 'summary': "Cecil Transit is a public transit agency providing bus service in Cecil County in the US state of Maryland . The agency , which is owned by Cecil County , operates fixed-route bus service along five routes serving the Cecil County towns of Elkton , North East , and Perryville along with service to Glasgow and Newark in Delaware . Cecil Transit offers connections to Harford Transit bus service and MARC 's Penn Line service in Perryville , DART First State bus service in Glasgow and Newark , and SEPTA Regional Rail 's Wilmington/Newark Line service in Newark . The fixed-route service allows for deviations of up to 3⁄4 mile ( 1.2 km ) through advance reservations . The agency also operates a door-to-door demand responsive transport service called Demand Response for the general public , senior citizens , and disabled people ."}]}, {'value': 'Cecil County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Cecil County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 101,108 . The county seat is Elkton . The county was named for Cecil Calvert , 2nd Baron Baltimore ( 1605-1675 ) , the first Proprietary Governor of the Province ( colony ) of Maryland . It is the only Maryland county that is part of the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington , PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area . Cecil County has existed since the late 1600s , though it continued to grow in population and town size .'}]}, {'value': 'Elkton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elkton,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Elkton is a town in and the county seat of Cecil County , Maryland , United States . The population was 15,443 at the 2010 census . It was formerly called Head of Elk because it sits at the head of navigation on the Elk River , which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay . Elkton was once known as the Gretna Green of the East because of its popularity as a place for eloping couples to marry .'}]}, {'value': 'Harford Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harford_Transit', 'summary': 'Harford Transit is a public transportation service of the Harford County , Maryland Department of Transportation . It provides eight city fixed route services in this suburban Baltimore county . The Maryland Transit Administration complements these routes , providing bus access to Baltimore with its commuter lines , or access to Baltimore or Washington via rail .'}]}, {'value': 'Harford County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Harford County is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 244,826 . Its county seat is Bel Air . Harford County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson , MD Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Bel Air', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bel_Air,_Maryland', 'summary': 'The town of Bel Air is the county seat of Harford County , Maryland , United States . According to the 2010 United States Census the population of the town was 10,120 .'}]}, {'value': 'Metrobus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metrobus_(Washington,_D.C.)', 'summary': 'Metrobus is a bus service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority ( WMATA ) . Its fleet consists of 1,595 buses covering an area of 1,500 square miles ( 3,900 km2 ) in Washington , D.C. , Maryland and Virginia . There are 269 bus routes serving 11,129 stops , including 2,554 bus shelters . In 2016 , Metrobus provided approximately 123.6 million trips . On a typical weekday in June 2017 , it provided more than 390,000 trips .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington Metropolitan Area', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area', 'summary': "The Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area is the metropolitan area centered on Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States . The area includes all of the federal district and parts of the U.S. states of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia . It is part of the larger Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . The Washington D.C. metropolitan area is one of the most educated and most affluent metropolitan areas in the US . The metro area anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis with an estimated total population of 6,216,589 as of the 2017 U.S. Census Bureau estimate [ update ] , making it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the nation and the largest metropolitan area in the Census Bureau 's South Atlantic division ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington , D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington,_D.C.', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}]}, {'value': 'MTA Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTA_Maryland_bus_service', 'summary': 'The Maryland Transit Administration provides the primary public bus service for the Baltimore Metropolitan Area and commuter bus service in other parts of the state of Maryland . There are currently 76 bus routes , which include 43 LocalLink routes , 12 High Frequency CityLink Routes routes , 9 express bus routes ( which operate from various suburbs to downtown Baltimore ) , 19 commuter bus routes , and 5 Intercounty Connector or ICC routes ( which operate from various locations mainly in central Maryland to Washington D.C. or various Metrorail stations ) . The local and commuter bus routes operate in conjunction with one subway line , three light rail lines , MARC train service , and various connections to other transit agencies .'}]}, {'value': 'Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore-Washington_Metropolitan_Area', 'summary': "The Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area is a combined statistical area consisting of the overlapping labor market region of the cities of Washington , D.C. and Baltimore , Maryland . The region includes Central Maryland , Northern Virginia , three counties in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia , and one county in South Central Pennsylvania . It is the most educated , highest-income , and fourth largest combined statistical area in the United States . Officially , the area is designated by the Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) as the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area . It is composed primarily of two major metropolitan statistical areas ( MSA ) , the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV MSA and the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson , MD MSA . In addition , six other smaller urban areas not contiguous to the main urban area but having strong commuting ties with the main area are also included in the metropolitan area . These are : the Hagerstown-Martinsburg , MD-WV MSA , the Chambersburg-Waynesboro , PA MSA , the Winchester , VA-WV MSA , the California-Lexington Park , MD MSA , the Easton , MD micropolitan statistical area ( µSA ) , and the Cambridge , MD µSA . Some counties such as Caroline and King George County , Virginia are not officially designated by the OMB as members of this metropolitan area , but still consider themselves members anyway . This is mostly due to their proximity to the area , the size of their commuter population , and by the influence of local broadcasting stations . The population of the entire Washington-Baltimore Combined Statistical Area as of the Census Bureau 's 2012 Population Estimates is 9,331,587 . The most populous city is Washington , DC , with a population of 681,170 . The most populous county is Fairfax County , Virginia , with a population exceeding 1.1 million ."}]}, {'value': 'Baltimore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore', 'summary': "Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean City Transportation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_City_Transportation', 'summary': "Ocean City Transportation is a public transit agency serving the beach town of Ocean City in Worcester County , Maryland in the United States . The agency is a division of the town 's Public Works Department . Ocean City Transportation offers bus service branded as Beach Bus , trackless train service along the Ocean City Boardwalk known as the Boardwalk Tram , and paratransit service called ADA Para Transit ."}]}, {'value': 'Worcester County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worcester_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Worcester County /ˈwʊərstər/ is the easternmost county of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 51,454 . Its county seat is Snow Hill . It is the only county of Maryland that borders the Atlantic Ocean . The county was named for Mary Arundell , the wife of Sir John Somerset , a son of Henry Somerset , 1st Marquess of Worcester . She was sister to Anne Arundell ( Anne Arundel County ) , wife of Cecil Calvert , 2nd Baron Baltimore , the first Proprietor and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland . Worcester County is included in the Salisbury , MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county includes the entire length of the state 's ocean and tidewater coast along the Intracoastal Waterway bordering Assawoman Bay , Isle of Wight Bay , Sinepuxent Bay , and Chincoteague Bay between the sand barrier islands of Fenwick Island and Assateague Island bordering the Atlantic Ocean coast . It is home to the popular vacation resort area of Ocean City , founded 1875 , as well as wild habitats on the primitive wilderness areas on Assateague Island and in the Pocomoke River and Swamp ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Ocean City , officially the Town of Ocean City , is an Atlantic resort town in Worcester County , Maryland . Ocean City is a major beach resort area along the East Coast of the United States . The population was 7,102 at the 2010 U.S. Census , although during summer weekends the city hosts between 320,000 and 345,000 vacationers , and up to 8 million visitors annually . During the summer , Ocean City becomes the second most populated municipality in Maryland , after Baltimore . [ citation needed ] It is part of the Salisbury , MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area , as defined by the United States Census Bureau .'}]}, {'value': 'RTA Central Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regional_Transportation_Agency_of_Central_Maryland', 'summary': "Regional Transportation Agency of Central Maryland , locally referred to as the RTA , is a transit organization developed to establish a more effective and efficient public transportation system across Central Maryland . The RTA is made up of multiple jurisdictions including Anne Arundel County , Howard County , City of Laurel and Northern Prince George 's County . The RTA combined the management and administrative functions of multiple transit operations , reducing operating costs by over 10% , [ citation needed ] and provided a better customer service experience by improving connections across Central Maryland [ self-published source ? ] . The Commission allows all of the participating jurisdictions the ability to oversee transit management operations . In 2014 , Howard County initiated the Regional Transit Agency of Central Maryland , recruiting Anne Arundel County to join areas served by Central Maryland Regional Transit claiming the centralized authority initiated , managed and funded through Howard County would save money in contract expenses . CMRT bid on providing services to these regions after July 1 , but lost to First Transit . In 2014 , Howard County broke ground on a $ 7.2 million bus terminal at Savage , Maryland designed to house 120 buses ."}]}, {'value': "Anne Arundel , Howard , and Prince George 's counties", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Anne Arundel County ( /əˈrʌndəl/ ) , also notated as AA or A.A. County , is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 537,656 , a population increase of just under 10% since 2000 . Its county seat is Annapolis , which is also the capital of the state . The county is named for Lady Anne Arundell ( 1615-1649 ) , a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall , England , and the wife of Cecilius Calvert , 2nd Baron Baltimore ( 1605-1675 ) , founder and first Lord Proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland . Anne Arundel County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson metropolitan statistical area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington combined statistical area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Howard County is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 287,085 . Its county seat is Ellicott City . Howard County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson , MD Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area . However , recent development in the south of the county has led to some realignment towards the Washington , D.C. media and employment markets . The county is home to Columbia , a major planned community of approximately 100,000 founded by developer James Rouse in 1967 . Howard County is frequently cited for its affluence , quality of life , and excellent schools . With an estimated median household income of $ 120,194 in 2016 , Howard County had the second-highest median household income of any U.S. county in 2016 . Many of the most affluent communities in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area , such as Clarksville , Dayton , Glenelg , Glenwood , and West Friendship , are located along the Route 32 corridor in Howard County . The main population center of Columbia/Ellicott City was named second among Money magazine 's 2010 survey of America 's Best Places to Live . In 2010 , the center of population of Maryland was located in the Howard County town of Jessup ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Prince_George's_County,_Maryland", 'summary': "Prince George 's County ( often shortened to PG County ) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland , bordering the eastern portion of Washington , D.C. As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 863,420 , making it the second-most populous county in Maryland , behind Montgomery County . Its county seat is Upper Marlboro . It is one of the richest African American-majority counties in the United States , with five of its communities identified in a 2015 top ten list . Prince George 's County is included in the Washington metropolitan area . The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities , such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters ."}]}, {'value': 'Columbia , Laurel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland', 'summary': "Columbia is a census-designated place in Howard County , Maryland , United States , and is one of the principal communities of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . It is a planned community consisting of 10 self-contained villages . Columbia began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents ' quality of life . Creator and developer James W. Rouse saw the new community in terms of human values , rather than merely economics and engineering . Opened in 1967 , Columbia was intended to not only eliminate the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design , but also eliminate racial , religious and class segregation . [ citation needed ] Columbia has consistently ranked in the top 10 of CNN Money 's Best Places to Live in the United States . Columbia proper consists only of that territory governed by the Columbia Association , but larger areas are included under its name by the U.S . Postal Service and the Census Bureau . These include several other communities which predate Columbia , including Simpsonville , Atholton , and in the case of the census , part of Clarksville . The census-designated place had a population of 99,615 at the 2010 United States Census . It is the second most populous community in Maryland after Baltimore . More recent estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau 's American Community Survey put the population at approximately 103,467 as of 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Laurel,_Maryland', 'summary': "Laurel is a city in Maryland , United States , located almost midway between Washington and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River . While the city limits are entirely in northern Prince George 's County , outlying developments extend into Anne Arundel , Montgomery and Howard counties . Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century , Laurel expanded local industry and was later able to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers following the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1835 . Largely residential today , the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street , highlighting its industrial past . The Department of Defense is a prominent presence in the Laurel area today , with the Fort Meade Army base , the NSA and Johns Hopkins ' Applied Physics Laboratory all located nearby . Laurel Park , a thoroughbred horse racetrack , is located just outside the city limits ."}]}, {'value': 'Ride On', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ride_On_(bus)', 'summary': "Ride On is the primary public transportation system in Montgomery County , Maryland . Ride On serves Montgomery County as well as the community of Langley Park in Prince George 's County and Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington , D.C . In fiscal 2018 , it operated on a US $ 112.3 million budget . Ride On operates 81 routes , including operating two Metrobus routes on weekends ."}]}, {'value': 'Montgomery County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland , located adjacent to Washington , D.C. As of the 2010 census , the county 's population was 971,777 , increasing by 8.3% to an estimated 1,052,567 in 2018 . The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville , although the census-designated place of Germantown is the most populous city within the county . Montgomery County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which in turn forms part of the Baltimore-Washington Combined Statistical Area . Most of the county 's residents live in unincorporated locales , of which the most urban are Silver Spring and Bethesda , although the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg are also large population centers , as are many smaller but significant places . [ N 1 ] As one of the most affluent counties in the United States , Montgomery County also has the highest percentage ( 29.2% ) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees . The county has been ranked as one of the wealthiest in the United States . Like other inner-suburban Washington , D.C. counties , Montgomery County contains many major U.S. government offices , scientific research and learning centers , and business campuses , which provide a significant amount of revenue for the county ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shore Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shore_Transit', 'summary': 'Shore Transit is a public transit agency that provides commuter bus service on the Lower Eastern Shore of the state of Maryland in the United States , serving Somerset , Wicomico , and Worcester counties . A major transfer point is located in Salisbury , Maryland , where most of the buses gather thirty minutes after every hour .'}]}, {'value': 'Somerset , Wicomico and Worcester counties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Somerset County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 26,470. making it the second-least populous county in Maryland . The county seat is Princess Anne . The county was named for Mary , Lady Somerset , the wife of Sir John Somerset and daughter of Thomas Arundell , 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour ( c. 1560-1639 ) . She was also the sister of Anne Calvert , Baroness Baltimore ( 1615-1649 ) , who later lent her name to Anne Arundel County , which was erected in 1650 as the Province of Maryland 's third county . Somerset County is located on the state 's Eastern Shore . It is included in the Salisbury , MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area . The University of Maryland Eastern Shore is located in Princess Anne ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Wicomico County ( /waɪˈkɒmɪkoʊ/ ) is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Maryland , on the Delmarva Peninsula . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,733 . The county seat is Salisbury . The county was named for the Wicomico River , which in turn derives from Algonquian language words wicko mekee , meaning a place where houses are built , apparently referring to an native American town on the banks . Wicomico County is included in the Salisbury , MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area . The newspaper of record is The Daily Times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Worcester_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Worcester County /ˈwʊərstər/ is the easternmost county of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 51,454 . Its county seat is Snow Hill . It is the only county of Maryland that borders the Atlantic Ocean . The county was named for Mary Arundell , the wife of Sir John Somerset , a son of Henry Somerset , 1st Marquess of Worcester . She was sister to Anne Arundell ( Anne Arundel County ) , wife of Cecil Calvert , 2nd Baron Baltimore , the first Proprietor and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland . Worcester County is included in the Salisbury , MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county includes the entire length of the state 's ocean and tidewater coast along the Intracoastal Waterway bordering Assawoman Bay , Isle of Wight Bay , Sinepuxent Bay , and Chincoteague Bay between the sand barrier islands of Fenwick Island and Assateague Island bordering the Atlantic Ocean coast . It is home to the popular vacation resort area of Ocean City , founded 1875 , as well as wild habitats on the primitive wilderness areas on Assateague Island and in the Pocomoke River and Swamp ."}]}, {'value': 'Salisbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland', 'summary': "Salisbury ( /ˈsɔːlzbəri/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Wicomico County , Maryland , United States , and the largest city in the state 's Eastern Shore region . The population was 30,343 at the 2010 census . Salisbury is the principal city of the Salisbury , Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area . The city is the commercial hub of the Delmarva Peninsula , which was long devoted to agriculture and had a southern culture . It calls itself The Comfortable Side of Coastal ."}]}, {'value': 'TheBus', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/TheBus_(Prince_George's_County)", 'summary': "TheBus ( stylized as THE BUS ) is a bus transportation system serving Prince George 's County , Maryland , providing weekday-only service . There are 29 bus routes , with most operating between Washington Metro stations in the county , with two routes running to Upper Marlboro . The fare is $ 1.25 , but seniors ( age 60+ ) , the disabled , one child under 5 years old , and students ( between 2:00PM and 7:00PM ) ride free . On October 13 , 2008 , TheBus began accepting payment using SmarTrip regional farecards ."}]}, {'value': "Prince George 's County", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Prince_George's_County,_Maryland", 'summary': "Prince George 's County ( often shortened to PG County ) is located in the U.S. state of Maryland , bordering the eastern portion of Washington , D.C. As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 863,420 , making it the second-most populous county in Maryland , behind Montgomery County . Its county seat is Upper Marlboro . It is one of the richest African American-majority counties in the United States , with five of its communities identified in a 2015 top ten list . Prince George 's County is included in the Washington metropolitan area . The county also hosts many federal governmental facilities , such as Joint Base Andrews and the United States Census Bureau headquarters ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TransIT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TransIT', 'summary': "TransIT Services of Frederick County is a public transportation agency in Frederick County , Maryland , that is operated by the county government . The agency currently operates 9 Connector bus routes , mostly in the city of Frederick , 5 shuttles , and demand-response for seniors and persons with disabilities . TransIT provides connections to other public transportation services in the region , including the MTA Maryland 's routes 204 and 515 commuter bus and MARC Train service . According to the agency 's homepage , the service had approximately 909,800 boardings in FY 2012 . [ citation needed ] TransIT Services is the result of merging the former Trans-Serve Frederick County shuttles and the Frederick City Transit lines . Connector bus routes operate Monday-Friday , and routes 10-65 also provide Saturday service . The agency does not operate any of its routes on Sunday . Most routes provide weekday peak-hour service ( every 30 minutes ) in addition to hourly service Monday-Friday ."}]}, {'value': 'Frederick County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland', 'summary': "Frederick County is located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 240,336 . The county seat is Frederick . Frederick County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area , Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase in recent years . It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia . The county is home to Catoctin Mountain Park ( encompassing the presidential retreat Camp David ) and to the U.S. Army 's Fort Detrick . Notable persons from here include Francis Scott Key , Chris Rose , Zach Taylor , Matt Bennett , Thomas Johnson , Roger B. Taney , and Barbara Fritchie ."}]}, {'value': 'Frederick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland', 'summary': "Frederick is a city in , and the county seat , of Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland . It is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area . Frederick has long been an important crossroads , located at the intersection of a major north-south Indian trail and east-west routes to the Chesapeake Bay , both at Baltimore and what became Washington , D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed . It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area . The city 's population was 65,239 people at the 2010 United States Census , making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland , behind Baltimore . Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport ( IATA : FDK ) , which accommodates general aviation , and to the county 's largest employer U.S. Army 's Fort Detrick bioscience/communications research installation ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington County Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_County_Transit', 'summary': 'Washington County Transit ( WCT ) , formerly County Commuter , is the primary provider of mass transportation in Washington County , Maryland . The agency operates 14 routes from Monday through Saturday . Approximately 400,000 people use the service each year .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Washington County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2010 census , the population was 147,430 . Its county seat is Hagerstown . Washington County was the first county in the United States to be named for the Revolutionary War general ( and later President ) George Washington . Washington County is one of three Maryland counties recognized by the Appalachian Regional Commission as being part of Appalachia . The county borders southern Pennsylvania to the north , Northern Virginia to the south , and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia to the south and west . Washington County is included in the Hagerstown-Martinsburg , MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Hagerstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hagerstown,_Maryland', 'summary': "Hagerstown /ˈheɪɡərztaʊn/ is a city in Washington County , Maryland , United States . It is the county seat of Washington County . The population of Hagerstown city proper at the 2010 census was 39,662 , and the population of the Hagerstown-Martinsburg Metropolitan Area ( extending into West Virginia ) was 269,140 . Hagerstown ranks as Maryland 's sixth-largest incorporated city . Hagerstown has a distinct topography , formed by stone ridges running from northeast to southwest through the center of town . Geography accordingly bounds its neighborhoods . These ridges consist of upper Stonehenge limestone . Many of the older buildings were built from this stone , which is easily quarried and dressed onsite . It whitens in weathering and the edgewise conglomerate and wavy laminae become distinctly visible , giving a handsome and uniquely Cumberland Valley appearance . Several of Hagerstowns churches are constructed of Stonehenge limestone and its value and beauty as building rock may be seen particularly in St. Johns Episcopal Church on West Antietam Street and the Presbyterian Church at the corner of Washington and Prospect Streets . Brick and concrete eventually displaced this native stone in the construction process . Hagerstown anchors the Hagerstown-Martinsburg , MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which lies just northwest of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area in the heart of the Great Appalachian Valley ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Maryland', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States_20', 'intro': 'The following is a list of presently-operating bus transit systems in the United States with regular service. The list excludes charter buses, private bus operators, paratransit systems, and trolleybus systems. Figures for daily ridership, number of vehicles, and daily vehicle revenue miles are accurate as of 2009 and come from the FTA National Transit Database.'}
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What is the county seat of the county that is served by the Ride On bus transit system ?
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Rockville
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02c7b01ea179be8d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stance_of_Marjas_on_the_2009_Presidential_Election_in_Iran', 'title': 'Stance of Marjas on the 2009 Presidential Election in Iran', 'header': ['S. No', 'Name', 'Residence', 'Website', 'Stance'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdolkarim_Mousavi_Ardebili', 'summary': "Seyyed Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili ( Persian : عبدالکریم موسوی اردبیلی , 28 January 1926 - 23 November 2016 ) was an Iranian reformist politician and Twelver shi ' a marja ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'rejects election as invalid', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ali Hosseini Khamenei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ali_Hosseini_Khamenei', 'summary': "Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( Persian : سید علی حسینی خامنه\u200cای , pronounced [ ʔæˈliː hosejˈniː xɒːmeneˈʔiː ] ( listen ) ; born 19 April 1939 ) is a Twelver Shia Marja ' and the second and current supreme leader of Iran , in office since 1989 . He was previously the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989 . Khamenei is the longest serving head of state in the Middle East , as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century , after Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi . According to his official website , Khamenei was arrested six times before being sent into exile for three years during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 's reign . He was the target of an attempted assassination in June 1981 that paralysed his right arm . Khamenei was one of Iran 's leaders during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s , and developed close ties with the now powerful Revolutionary Guards which he controls , and whose commanders are elected and dismissed by him . The Revolutionary Guards have been used to suppress opposition to him . Khamenei served as the third president of Iran from 1981 to 1989 , while becoming a close ally of the first supreme leader , Ruhollah Khomeini . Eventually , after Khomeini had a disagreement with the then heir apparent Hussein Ali Montazeri , Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani claimed that Khomeini had chosen Khamenei as his successor while the Assembly of Experts deliberated to elect the next Supreme Leader . After Khomeini 's death , Khamenei was elected by the Assembly of Experts as the new Supreme Leader on 4 June 1989 , at the age of 49 . He has been head of the servants of Astan Quds Razavi since 14 April 1979 . As Supreme Leader , Khamenei is the head of state of Iran and the commander-in-chief of its armed forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'position changed twice ; currently blesses results', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ali Husaini Sistani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ali_Husaini_Sistani', 'summary': "Sayyid Ali Husseini al-Sistani ( Persian : علی حسینی سیستانی , born 4 August 1930 ) , commonly known as Ayatollah Sistani , is one of the most powerful and influential Twelver Shia marja in Iraq and the head of many of the hawzahs ( seminaries ) in Najaf . He is described as the spiritual leader of Iraqi Shia Muslims and one of the most senior clerics in Shia Islam . He has been included in the all of editions of The Muslim 500 : The World 's Most Influential Muslims mostly in the top 10 positions since 2009 . He is one of the 8 maraji mentioned in the most recent edition . In 2005 , Sistani was listed among the Top 100 intellectuals of the world . In 2005 and 2014 , he was also nominated for Nobel Prize Award towards his efforts for establishing peace ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bashir Hussain Najafi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayatollah_Bashir_Najafi', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Basheer Hussain Najafi ( Arabic : آية الله العظمى بشير النجفي ) ( born 1942 ) is a Twelver Shia Marja ' and one of the Four Grand Ayatollahs of Najaf , Iraq . He was born in Jalandhar , a city in then British India . After the independence of Pakistan in 1947 , his family moved to Pakistan and settled in the city of Gujranwala , Punjab . In Gujranwala he had his initial education in religion . He was then able to move to Iraq for studies in the early 1960s . He is one of many individuals from South Asia and one of the few Pakistanis to have ever been elevated to the highest rank of Grand Ayatollah in Shia Islam . He was one year senior to Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani . Al Najafi was attacked on 6 January 1999 by a group of armed men , reportedly members of Fedayeen Saddam , while he and members of his seminary were performing religious duties . The attack , which included use of a hand grenade , resulted in the death of three persons and injury to a number of members of the seminary , including the Grand Ayatollah ."}]}, {'value': 'Pakistan & Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asadollah Bayat Zanjani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asadollah_Bayat_Zanjani', 'summary': 'Grand Ayatollah Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani ( Persian : اسدالله بیات زنجانی ) is an Iranian theologian , Islamic philosopher , writer and Grand marja of Islam . He published his objection to the velayat-e faqih ( religious system in Iran ) and claims this regime has nothing to do with Islam .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'issued a fatwaa stating that if the president was fraudulently elected , then the blessing of the Supreme Leader at the inauguration ceremony would be insufficient for conferring legitimacy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hossein Mazaheri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hossein_Mazaheri', 'summary': 'Grand Ayatollah Hossein Mazaheri Isfahani ( Arabic : حسين المظاهري الأصفهاني ) ( born 1934 ) is a senior Iranian Twelver Shia Marja . He was also a member of the Third Assembly of Experts .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hossein Noori Hamedani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hossein_Noori_Hamedani', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Hossein Noori-Hamedani ( Persian : آيت الله العظمى حسين نورى همدانى ) ( born 1925 ) is an Iranian Twelver Shi ' a Marja . Nuri-Hamadani has been called a hard-line cleric , who has expressed his strong disapproval of Sufis and dervishes , Jews , the intellectual Abdolkarim Soroush and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hossein Vahid Khorasani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hossein_Vahid_Khorasani', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Hussain Waheed Khorasani ( Arabic : حسین وحید الخراسانی , Persian : حسین وحید خراسانی , born January 1 , 1921 ) is one of the most senior Twelver Shia Marja ' living in Iran . He is the current head of Qom Seminary in Qom ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hossein-Ali Montazeri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hossein-Ali_Montazeri', 'summary': "Hussein-Ali Montazeri ( 24 September 1922 - 19 December 2009 ; Persian : حسینعلی منتظری , pronunciation ( help·info ) ) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian , Islamic democracy advocate , writer and human rights activist . One of the leaders of the Iranian Revolution in 1979 , he was a former designated successor to the revolution 's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini , with whom he had a falling-out in 1989 over government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people 's freedom and denied them their rights . Montazeri spent his later years in Qom , and remained politically influential in Iran , especially for the reformist movement . He was known as the most knowledgeable senior Islamic scholar in Iran and a Grand Marja ( religious authority ) of Shia Islam . For more than two decades , Hussein-Ali Montazeri was one of the main critics of the Islamic Republic 's domestic and foreign policy . He had also been an active advocate of Baha ' i rights , civil rights and women 's rights in Iran . Montazeri was a prolific writer of books and articles . He was a staunch proponent of an Islamic state , and he argued that post-revolutionary Iran was not being ruled as an Islamic state ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'supports peaceful protests , condemns violence', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Javad Gharavi Aliari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Javad_Gharavi_Aliari', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Mirza Javad Gharavi Aliari Tabrizi ( Arabic : آيت الله العظمى مرزا جواد غروى علياري تبريزى ) ( 1935-2018 ) was an Iranian Twelver Shi ' a Marja . He was born in Tabriz , Iran . He migrated to Najaf to study in Grand Ayatollah al-Khoei 's seminaries . He was close to Iranian reformists ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazem Haeri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazem_Haeri', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Kazem Husseini Haeri ( Arabic : كاظم حسيني حائري ) ( born 1938 ) is a prominent Twelver Shi ' a Marja . He has studied in seminars of Najaf , Iraq under Grand Ayatollah Sadeq al-Sadr . Haeri was born in Karbala , Iraq . He was a top leader of the Al-Da'wa Party in Iraq . His involvement in the party led to his exile in the 1970s , later he moved to Iran , where he remains to this day in the holy city of Qom ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Asif Mohseni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Asif_Mohseni', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Asif Mohseni ( Persian : آیت\u200cالله العظمی محمد آصف محسنی ) ( Sheik Mohseni ) ( 26 April 1935 - 5 August 2019 ) was widely considered to be the most powerful Twelver shia Marja ' in Afghanistan . He was the founder of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan ( Harakat-I Islami-yi Afghanistan ) . With strong links to Iran , he was a Shia Pashtun.He was born in the city of Kandahar , Afghanistan . He studied in seminars of Najaf under Grand Ayatollah Abul Qasim Khoei , Muhsin al-Hakim and Abdul A'la Sabzwari ."}]}, {'value': 'Afghanistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afghanistan', 'summary': "Afghanistan ( /æfˈɡænɪstæn , æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn/ ( listen ) ; Pashto/Dari : افغانستان , Pashto : Afġānistān [ avɣɒnisˈtɒn , ab- ] , [ a ] Dari : Afġānestān [ avɣɒnesˈtɒn ] ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country in Asia . Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south ; [ b ] Iran to the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan to the north ; and China to the northeast . Occupying 652,000 square kilometers ( 252,000 sq mi ) , it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest . Kabul is the capital and largest city . The population is 32 million , mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras and Uzbeks . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era , and the country 's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia . The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns , including those by Alexander the Great , Mauryas , Muslim Arabs , Mongols , British , Soviets , and by the United States with allied countries . The land also served as the source from which the Kushans , Hephthalites , Samanids , Saffarids , Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Khaljis , Mughals , Hotaks , Durranis , and others have risen to form major empires . The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century . In the late 19th century , Afghanistan became a buffer state in the Great Game between British India and the Russian Empire . Its border with British India , the Durand Line , was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter 's independence in 1947 . Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence , eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan , until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Baqir al-Mohri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Baqir_al-Mohri', 'summary': 'Ayatullah Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Al-Mūsawī Al-Muhrī ( Arabic : السيد محمد باقر الموسوي المهري ; also spelled Al-Mohri ; 25 December 1948 - 4 July 2015 ) was a Kuwaiti Ayatullah . He studied in seminaries in Najaf , Iraq under Grand Ayatollah Abul-Qassim Khoei and Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr . He was representative of many Maraji in Kuwait .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Ebrahim_Jannaati', 'summary': 'Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati ( Persian : محمد ابراهيم جناتی , born 1933 in Shahrood , Iran ) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja . He has studied in seminaries of Qom and Najaf under Grand Ayatollahs Borujerdi and Khomeini . He is known for his progressive fatwas on women and youth issues , such as :'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Hussain Najafi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah_Muhammad_Hussain_Najafi', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Allama Shaikh Muhammad Hussain Najafi ( Arabic : آيت الله العظمى علامه شيخ محمد حسين ) ( born 1932 ) is a Pakistani Twelver Shia Marja . At the present there are two maraji of Pakistani descent , the first one is Basheer Hussain Najafi and second one is he himself . As Basheer Hussain Najafi has chosen to reside in Najaf , Iraq , Muhammad Hussain Najafi is the only marja in Pakistan . He is running Hawza in Sargodha.He has been included in the last 5 editions of The Muslim 500 : The World 's Most Influential Muslims since 2010 . He is one of the 9 marja 's mentioned in the most recent edition ."}]}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': 'Official website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Hussein_Fadlallah', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Hussain Fadlallah ( also Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāh ; Arabic : محمد حسين فضل الله ; 16 November 1935 - 4 July 2010 ) was a prominent twelver Shia cleric from a Lebanese family . Born in Najaf , Iraq , Fadlallah studied Islam in Najaf before moving to Lebanon in 1952 . In the following decades , he gave many lectures , engaged in intense scholarship , wrote dozens of books , founded several Islamic religious schools , and established the Mabarrat Association . Through the aforementioned association , he established a public library , a women 's cultural center , and a medical clinic . Fadlallah was sometimes called the spiritual mentor of Hezbollah in the media , although this was disputed by other sources . He was also the target of several assassination attempts , including the 1985 Beirut car bombing . His death was followed by a huge turnout in Lebanon , visits by virtually all major political figures across the Lebanese spectrum , and statements of condolence from across the greater Middle East region ; but it also led to controversy in the west and a denunciation in Israel ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanon ( /ˈlɛbənɒn/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : لبنان , romanized : Lubnān , Lebanese Arabic pronunciation : [ lɪbˈneːn ] ) , officially known as the Lebanese Republic [ nb 3 ] ( Arabic : الجمهورية اللبنانية , romanized : al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah , Lebanese Arabic pronunciation : [ elˈʒʊmhuːrɪjje lˈlɪbneːnɪjje ] ; French : République libanaise ) , is a country in Western Asia . It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south , while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea . Lebanon 's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity . At just 10,452 km2 ( 4,036 mi2 ) , it is the smallest recognized sovereign state on the mainland Asian continent . [ nb 4 ] The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years , predating recorded history . Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdoms , a maritime culture that flourished for almost three thousand years ( c. 3200-539 BC ) . In 64 BC , the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire , and eventually became one of the Empire 's leading centers of Christianity . In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established . As the Arab Muslims conquered the region , the Maronites held onto their religion and identity . However , a new religious group , the Druze , established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well , generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries . During the Crusades , the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome . The ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Ishaq Al-Fayyad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Ishaq_Al-Fayyad', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Is'haq al-Fayadh ( the word al-Fayadh also spelt al-Fayad ) , ( Arabic : محمد إسحاق الفياض , Dari : محمد اسحاق فیاض ) is one of the most senior Shi ' a marja living in Iraq after Ali al-Sistani ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Said Al-Hakim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Said_Al-Hakim', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Saeed al-Tabataba ' i al-Hakim ( Arabic : آية الله العظمى السيد محمد سعيد الطباطبائي الحكيم ) ( born 1 February 1934 ) is an senior Iraqi Twelver Shi ' a marja , one of the Big Four Grand Ayatollahs of the Hawza of Najaf and one of the most senior Shia clerics in Iraq after Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Shahroudi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Shahroudi', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Shahroudi ( Arabic : آيت الله العظمى سيد محمد حسينى شاهرودى ) ( December 1925 - 7 July 2019 ) was a senior Iraqi Twelver Shi ' a Marja ' in Iran . He studied in seminars of Najaf and Qom under Grand Ayatollah Hashem Amoli , Grand Ayatollah Syed Jamaluddin Golpaygani , Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mahmoud Hussaini Shahroudi and Grand Ayatollah Abdul Hussain Rashti ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Taqi Modaressi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_Modaressi', 'summary': "Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi ( Arabic : محمد تقي المدرسي ) ( born 1945 , in Karbala , Iraq ) is a Grand Iraqi jurist marja ' , and described as the mastermind behind the strategy of the Shiraziyyin , the followers of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi . Al-Modarresi is the author of over 400 books on matters of theology , historiography , jurisprudence , philosophy , logic , and well as social science ."}]}, {'value': 'Iraq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Official Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Table of Marjas and their published stance', 'section_text': 'This table was taken directly from the List of marjas , with some columns removed and a new one added . The names are ordered alphabetically .', 'uid': 'Stance_of_Marjas_on_the_2009_Presidential_Election_in_Iran_0', 'intro': 'Following the 2009 presidential election in Iran, various Marjas (a religious authority for which the title Grand Ayatollah is given) have made statements concerning the controversies surrounding the election.'}
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What is the name in his native language of the person that is living in the place with over 207.8 million in population ?
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آية الله العظمى بشير النجفي
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02c80e64defe7716
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'title': 'Malaysia at the 2010 Asian Games', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adrian Ang Alex Liew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Ang', 'summary': 'Adrian Ang Hsien Loong is a Malaysian ten-pin bowler . He was born on 16 July 1988 in Penang . He bowls right handed with a 15lbs ball .'}]}, {'value': 'Bowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Bowling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Bowling Hall , Guangzhou , China from November 15 to 24 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_doubles", 'summary': "The men 's doubles competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 17 November 2010 at Tianhe Bowling Hall ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Liew', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Bowling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Bowling Hall , Guangzhou , China from November 15 to 24 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's all-events", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_all-events", 'summary': "The men 's all-events competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held from 15 November to 22 November 2010 at Tianhe Bowling Hall . All-events scores are compiled by totaling series scores from the singles , doubles , trios and team competitions ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azizulhasni Awang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azizulhasni_Awang', 'summary': 'Mohd Azizulhasni bin Awang KMN ( born 5 January 1988 ) is a Malaysian professional track cyclist . Nicknamed The Pocket Rocketman due to his small stature , he is the first Malaysian cyclist to win a medal at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and at the Summer Olympics . Azizulhasni was chosen as the flag bearer for Malaysia at the 2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations . He won his first World Championship medal in 2009 , a silver in the individual sprint . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , he won his first Olympic medal , a bronze in the individual keirin . In 2017 , he won his first World Championship title in the keirin , and became the first Malaysian to ever wear the coveted rainbow jersey .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China . Road bicycle racing was held at the Triathlon Venue from November 20 to 23 , while track cycling was contested at Guangzhou Velodrome from November 13 to 17 , and mountain biking was contested at Dafushan Mountain Bike Course on November 18 , and BMX racing was contested at Guangzhou Velodrome on November 19 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's keirin", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_keirin", 'summary': "The men 's keirin competition at the 2010 Asian Games was held from 16 to 17 November at the Guangzhou Velodrome ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ku Jin Keat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karate_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Karate at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China between 24 and 26 November 2010 . All competition took place at the Guangdong Gymnasium .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's individual kata", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Karate_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_individual_kata", 'summary': "The men 's individual kata competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou , China was held on 24 November 2010 at the Guangdong Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puvaneswaran Ramasamy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puvaneswaran_Ramasamy', 'summary': 'Puvaneswaran Ramasamy ( born December 8 , 1974 ) is a Malaysian karateka who is best known for being the only person to win medals in Karate at the Asian Games at five consecutive tournaments .'}]}, {'value': 'Karate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karate_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Karate at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China between 24 and 26 November 2010 . All competition took place at the Guangdong Gymnasium .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's -55 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Karate_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_kumite_55_kg", 'summary': "The men 's kumite 55 kilograms competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou , China was held on 24 November 2010 at the Guangdong Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicol David', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicol_David', 'summary': "Datuk Nicol Ann David DB PJN DSPN KMN AMN ( born 26 August 1983 ) is a female Malaysian professional squash player , currently ranked 6th in the world . Beginning in August 2006 , David was the world number one for a record-breaking 108 consecutive months , finally ceding the ranking in September 2015 to Raneem El Weleily . She has won the World Open title a record 8 times in 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 and 2014 , as well as the British Open title in 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012 and 2014 . In July 2016 , she reached her 151st successive month in the top 10 , breaking the record in both men 's and women 's categories . She surpassed Peter Nicol 's previous records of 150 months . David is the first squash player to have won the World Junior title twice ; in 1999 and 2001 under the tutelage of Richard Glanfield . She remained the only female squash player to have achieved this , until Raneem El Weleily emulated David 's feat by winning her second World Junior Championship in 2007 . David joined WISPA and turned professional in 2000 when she won her first WISPA title , after only a month on the tour . The victory came in February , when she defeated Salma Shabana in the final of the Savcor Finnish Open . On 7 June 2008 , David was honoured with the Order of Merit ( Darjah Bakti ) or D.B . in conjunction with the birthday of the His Majesty Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin . She was the first recipient of the award which was established on 26 June 1975 ."}]}, {'value': 'Squash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Squash at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Asian Games Town Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from 18 November 2010 to 25 November 2010 . Malaysia topped the medal table by winning three out of four possible gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Women's_singles", 'summary': "The women 's singles Squash event was part of the squash programme and took place between November 18 and 21 , at the Asian Games Town Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohd Azlan Iskandar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Azlan_Iskandar', 'summary': 'Mohamad Azlan bin Iskandar ( born 1 June 1982 , in Kuching , Sarawak ) , known as Mohd Azlan Iskandar , is a Malaysian squash player . He has reached the World No . 10 ranking and won the Kuala Lumpur Open and the Malaysian Open .'}]}, {'value': 'Squash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Squash at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Asian Games Town Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from 18 November 2010 to 25 November 2010 . Malaysia topped the medal table by winning three out of four possible gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_singles", 'summary': "The men 's singles Squash event was part of the squash programme and took place between November 18 and 21 , at the Asian Games Town Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delia Arnold Nicol David Low Wee Wern Sharon Wee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delia_Arnold', 'summary': 'Delia Arnold ( born 26 January 1986 in Kuala Lumpur ) is a professional squash player who represented Malaysia . She lives in Selangor and was coached by Ahmed Malik and Peter Genever . She reached a career-high world ranking of World No . 12 in September 2015 after beating World Number 2 , Raneem El Weleily in the quarter finals of the British Open . The Malaysian No . 3 squash player began the year 2008 at 48th spot in the world rankings . More than 10 months later , she is up at the 34th spot . Delias best achievement to date came in May 2015 when she defeated world No.3 Alison Waters from England , world No.11 Annie Au from Hong Kong and world No.3 Raneem El Weleily from Egypt in the 2015 Allam British Open where she was eventually defeated by current world No.3 Camille Serme from France in the semi final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicol_David', 'summary': "Datuk Nicol Ann David DB PJN DSPN KMN AMN ( born 26 August 1983 ) is a female Malaysian professional squash player , currently ranked 6th in the world . Beginning in August 2006 , David was the world number one for a record-breaking 108 consecutive months , finally ceding the ranking in September 2015 to Raneem El Weleily . She has won the World Open title a record 8 times in 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 and 2014 , as well as the British Open title in 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012 and 2014 . In July 2016 , she reached her 151st successive month in the top 10 , breaking the record in both men 's and women 's categories . She surpassed Peter Nicol 's previous records of 150 months . David is the first squash player to have won the World Junior title twice ; in 1999 and 2001 under the tutelage of Richard Glanfield . She remained the only female squash player to have achieved this , until Raneem El Weleily emulated David 's feat by winning her second World Junior Championship in 2007 . David joined WISPA and turned professional in 2000 when she won her first WISPA title , after only a month on the tour . The victory came in February , when she defeated Salma Shabana in the final of the Savcor Finnish Open . On 7 June 2008 , David was honoured with the Order of Merit ( Darjah Bakti ) or D.B . in conjunction with the birthday of the His Majesty Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin . She was the first recipient of the award which was established on 26 June 1975 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Low_Wee_Wern', 'summary': 'Low Wee Wern ( Chinese : 刘薇雯 ; born 25 July 1990 in Penang , Malaysia ) is a Malaysian professional squash player . She reached a career-high world ranking of World No . 5 in October 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sharon_Wee', 'summary': 'Sharon Wee Ee Lin ( born 5 October 1977 in Melaka ) is a professional squash player who represented Malaysia . During 2007 she reached the finals of four events and won her first WISPA title in November in the NSC Tour 10 No . 2 in Kuala Lumpur . She reached a career-high world ranking of World No . 18 in December 2006 . Sharon is now doing her part to promote squash . She has set up an academy - Sharon Wee Squash Pro-in Kuala Lumpur to work closely with university students and young players . Sharon is currently a TV presenter and sports commentator on Astro Arena , the Malaysian sports channel .'}]}, {'value': 'Squash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Squash at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Asian Games Town Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from 18 November 2010 to 25 November 2010 . Malaysia topped the medal table by winning three out of four possible gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's team", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Squash_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Women's_team", 'summary': "The women 's team Squash event was part of the squash programme and took place between November 22 and 25 , at the Asian Games Town Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chai Fong Ying', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wushu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wushu_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Wushu was contested by both men and women at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou , China from November 13 to 17 , 2010 . All events were held at Nansha Gymnasium .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's taijijian and taijiquan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wushu_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Women's_taijiquan", 'summary': "The women 's Taijiquan / Taijijian all-round competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou , China was held on 15 November at the Nansha Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koo Kien Keat Tan Boon Heong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koo_Kien_Keat', 'summary': "Koo Kien Keat AMN ( born 18 September 1985 in Ipoh , Perak ) is a retired Malaysian professional badminton player . He succeeded in both men 's and mixed doubles but is best known for his partnership with Tan Boon Heong with whom , he reached a career high ranking of world number 1 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tan_Boon_Heong', 'summary': "Tan Boon Heong ( born 18 September 1987 in Alor Setar , Kedah ) is a former World No.1 Malaysian male professional badminton player in the men 's doubles event ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from 13 November 13 to 21 November , 2010 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_doubles", 'summary': "The badminton men 's doubles tournament at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou took place from 16 November to 20 November at Tianhe Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Chong Wei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Chong_Wei', 'summary': "Datuk Lee Chong Wei DB PJN AMN DCSM DSPN ( born 21 October 1982 ) is a retired Malaysian badminton player . As a singles player , Lee was ranked first worldwide for 349 weeks , these including a 199-week streak from 21 August 2008 to 14 June 2012 . He is the fourth Malaysian player after Rashid Sidek , Roslin Hashim and Wong Choong Hann to achieve such a ranking ( since official rankings were first kept in the 1980s ) , and is the only Malaysian shuttler to hold the number one ranking for more than a year . Widely considered as one of the greatest badminton players of all time , Lee is a triple silver medalist at the Olympic Games , and the sixth Malaysian to win an Olympic medal . He won his first silver medal in 2008 , also the first time a Malaysian had reached the finals in the men 's singles event . This achievement earned him the title Datuk , and led to then Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak describing him as a national hero . He repeated the achievement twice more in 2012 and 2016 , thus making him the most successful Malaysian Olympian in history . On 13 June 2019 , Lee announced his retirement after struggling to return to full fitness following a nose cancer diagnosis . He was appointed as Malaysia 's chef de mission for the 2020 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Badminton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Badminton at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from 13 November 13 to 21 November , 2010 . Singles , doubles , and team events were contested for both men and women . Mixed Doubles were also contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_singles", 'summary': "The badminton men 's singles tournament at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou took place from 17 November to 21 November at Tianhe Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ibrahim Amir', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cue sports', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cue sports at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Asian Games Town Gymnasium , Guangzhou , China from November 13 to 20 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's eight ball singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_eight-ball_singles", 'summary': "The men 's eight-ball singles tournament at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou took place from 13 November to 15 November at Asian Games Town Gymnasium ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Kong Adrian Ang Alex Liew Muhamad Syafiq Ridhwan Muhammad Nur Aiman Zulmazran Zulkifli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Ang', 'summary': 'Adrian Ang Hsien Loong is a Malaysian ten-pin bowler . He was born on 16 July 1988 in Penang . He bowls right handed with a 15lbs ball .'}]}, {'value': 'Bowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Bowling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Bowling Hall , Guangzhou , China from November 15 to 24 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's team", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_team", 'summary': "The men 's team of five competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 21 and 22 November 2010 at Tianhe Bowling Hall ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josiah Ng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josiah_Ng', 'summary': 'Josiah Ng Onn Lam ( simplified Chinese : 伍安临 ; traditional Chinese : 伍安臨 ; pinyin : Wǔ Ānlín , born 2 February 1980 ) is a retired Malaysian professional track cyclist . Josiah was the first Malaysian to make it into the cycling Olympic finals becoming a three-time Olympian , representing Malaysia at Athens 2004 , Beijing 2008 and London 2012 . In 2004 he was awarded the Malaysian Olympian and Sportsman of the Year after being the 1st Malaysian cyclist to make a final in cycling at the 2004 Athens Olympics . In 2010 Josiah won gold at the Commonwealth Games , New Delhi in Keirin at age 30 . He is known to have put Malaysia on the map as one of the best countries for developing world-class track cyclists . In 2008 , he became the first non-Australian to win the 72nd Melbourne Cup on Wheels at the HiSense Arena in Melbourne .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China . Road bicycle racing was held at the Triathlon Venue from November 20 to 23 , while track cycling was contested at Guangzhou Velodrome from November 13 to 17 , and mountain biking was contested at Dafushan Mountain Bike Course on November 18 , and BMX racing was contested at Guangzhou Velodrome on November 19 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's keirin", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_keirin", 'summary': "The men 's keirin competition at the 2010 Asian Games was held from 16 to 17 November at the Guangzhou Velodrome ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leong Mun Yee Ng Yan Yee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leong_Mun_Yee', 'summary': "Leong Mun Yee ( Chinese : 梁敏喻 ; pinyin : Liáng Mǐnyù , born 4 December 1984 ) is a Malaysian diver . She competed at the 2000 , 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Olympics with the best result of seventh place in the 10 m synchronised platform event in 2012 . Her appearance at the 2008 Summer Olympics made her the first Malaysian diver to compete at three Olympics . The bronze medal that she and Pandelela Rinong won at the 2009 World Championships was the first World Championship medal for Malaysia . She was originally a swimmer but switched to diving at the age of 10 as part of Malaysia 's programme to prepare a diving team for the 1998 Commonwealth Games . She graduated with a degree in communication from Universiti Putra Malaysia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ng_Yan_Yee', 'summary': 'Wendy Ng Yan Yee ( born 11 July 1993 ) is a Malaysian diver .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Diving at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China from November 22 to 26 , 2010 . Ten competitions were held in both , men and women 's . All competition took place at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's synchronized 3 metre springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Women's_synchronized_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The women 's synchronized 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 22 November at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryan Nickson Lomas Ooi Tze Liang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Nickson_Lomas', 'summary': "Bryan Nickson Lomas ( born 30 June 1990 in Kuching , Sarawak ) is a former Malaysian diver . Lomas was the youngest Malaysian athlete to qualify for 2004 Summer Olympics when he was 14 . He became the country 's first world junior diving champion after winning gold at the 3 m springboard event in the World Junior Championships held at Belem , Brazil in 2004 . He trained under the coaching of Yang Zhuliang . Lomas is named after the footballer Bryan Robson by his father ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ooi_Tze_Liang', 'summary': 'Ooi Tze Liang ( Chinese : 黄兹梁 ; pinyin : Huáng Zīliáng , born 19 November 1993 in Penang ) is a Malaysian diver . Ooi has represented Malaysia in various diving events such as 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games , 2013 Southeast Asian Games and 2015 Southeast Asian Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Diving at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China from November 22 to 26 , 2010 . Ten competitions were held in both , men and women 's . All competition took place at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's synchronized 10 metre platform", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_synchronized_10_metre_platform", 'summary': "The men 's synchronised 10 metre platform diving competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 22 November at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leong Mun Yee Pandelela Rinong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leong_Mun_Yee', 'summary': "Leong Mun Yee ( Chinese : 梁敏喻 ; pinyin : Liáng Mǐnyù , born 4 December 1984 ) is a Malaysian diver . She competed at the 2000 , 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Olympics with the best result of seventh place in the 10 m synchronised platform event in 2012 . Her appearance at the 2008 Summer Olympics made her the first Malaysian diver to compete at three Olympics . The bronze medal that she and Pandelela Rinong won at the 2009 World Championships was the first World Championship medal for Malaysia . She was originally a swimmer but switched to diving at the age of 10 as part of Malaysia 's programme to prepare a diving team for the 1998 Commonwealth Games . She graduated with a degree in communication from Universiti Putra Malaysia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pandelela_Rinong', 'summary': 'Pandelela Rinong Pamg , AMN JBK ( born 2 March 1993 ) is a Malaysian diver . She is a two-time Olympic medalist and has won a total of five medals at the World Championships . Pandelela represented Malaysia at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she finished 27th in 10m platform . She won the gold medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games . She was chosen to be the flagbearer of Malaysia at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She went on to win the bronze medal in the 10m platform , becoming the first Malaysian female athlete to win an Olympic medal , as well as the first in any sport other than badminton . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , she won the silver medal in the 10m synchronized platform with Cheong Jun Hoong .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Diving at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China from November 22 to 26 , 2010 . Ten competitions were held in both , men and women 's . All competition took place at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's synchronized 10 metre platform", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Women's_synchronized_10_metre_platform", 'summary': "The women 's synchronized 10 metre platform diving competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 23 November at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryan Nickson Lomas Yeoh Ken Nee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Nickson_Lomas', 'summary': "Bryan Nickson Lomas ( born 30 June 1990 in Kuching , Sarawak ) is a former Malaysian diver . Lomas was the youngest Malaysian athlete to qualify for 2004 Summer Olympics when he was 14 . He became the country 's first world junior diving champion after winning gold at the 3 m springboard event in the World Junior Championships held at Belem , Brazil in 2004 . He trained under the coaching of Yang Zhuliang . Lomas is named after the footballer Bryan Robson by his father ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yeoh_Ken_Nee', 'summary': "Yeoh Ken Nee ( simplified Chinese : 杨健立 ; traditional Chinese : 楊健立 ; pinyin : Yáng Jiànlì ; born 30 April 1983 ) is a Malaysian diver . As a 15-year-old he competed in Diving at the 1998 Commonwealth Games . He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . In 2009 he competed in the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in the Men 's 3 m synchro springboard and Men 's 3 m springboard , finishing in 11th and 29th position respectively . In June 2010 he competed in the 2010 FINA Diving World Cup in Changzhou , Jiangsu , People 's Republic of China . Recently , his diving team even won a silver medal in the 2010 Asian Games at Guangzhou , China . In 2012 he competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . He has become the first Malaysian to qualify for a final of an individual event in the diving competition at the Olympics . He was ranked 10th in Men 's 3m Springboard diving event ."}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Diving at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , China from November 22 to 26 , 2010 . Ten competitions were held in both , men and women 's . All competition took place at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's synchronized 3 metre springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Men's_synchronized_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The men 's synchronised 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 23 November at the Aoti Aquatics Centre ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nur Quzandria Mahamad Fathil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Equestrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Equestrian at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou Equestrian Venue , Conghua , Guangdong , China from 14 November to 24 November 2010 . There were three equestrian disciplines : dressage , eventing and jumping . All three disciplines were further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events . After Asian Games , Guangzhou Equestrian Venue bought by Hong Kong Jockey Club , rebuilt to Conghua Racechouse .'}]}, {'value': 'Individual dressage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_–_Individual_dressage', 'summary': 'Individual dressage equestrian at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou Equestrian Venue , Guangzhou , China from November 14 to 17 , 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Malaysia men 's national field hockey team Amin Rahim Azlan Misron Azreen Rizal Nasir Baljit Singh Charun Faizal Saari Hafifihafiz Hanafi Izwan Firdaus Kumar Subramaniam Madzli Ikmar Marhan Jalil Nabil Fiqri Razie Rahim Roslan Jamaluddin Shahrun Nabil Sukri Mutalib Tengku Ahmad Tajuddin", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Malaysia_men's_national_field_hockey_team", 'summary': 'The Malaysia national field hockey team ( nicknamed Speedy Tigers ) is made up of the best field hockey players in Malaysia . As of 10 December 2017 , the team is ranked 11th in the world , and 2nd in Asia , by the International Hockey Federation . The governing body for the sports is the Malaysian Hockey Confederation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Azlan_Misron', 'summary': 'Azlan Misron ( born 21 May 1983 ) is a field hockey player from Chepor , Perak , Malaysia . He is the skipper of Malaysia hockey team in 2008 . He made his debut for the national team in the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup in 2002 . He also the skipper of KL HC from 2006 until 2012 . In 2013 , he joined Terengganu Hockey Team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Baljit_Singh_Charun', 'summary': 'Baljit Singh s/o Charun Singh ( Punjabi : ਬਲਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ , romanized : Balajīta sigha ; born 22 September 1986 ) is a field hockey player from Ipoh , Perak , Malaysia . Baljit joined TNB in 2004 and helped them to three overall titles in the MHL , in 2004 , 2007 and 2009 . He made his senior international debut at the 2007 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup . In 2008 Baljit played for Zehlendorfer Wespen in the German league with another Malaysian , Selvaraju Sandrakasi . The German Division Two club gave him an invitation again in 2009 and 2010 but he was unable to accept it because of commitments with the national team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Faizal_Saari', 'summary': 'Faizal bin Saari ( born 13 January 1991 ) is a Malaysian field hockey player . Currently playing as a striker for Terengganu Hockey Team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kumar_Subramaniam', 'summary': "Kumar Subramaniam ( born 26 November 1979 ) is a Malaysian field hockey goalkeeper , playing for the Malaysian hockey team actively since 1999 . He played a pivotal role in Malaysia winning a silver in hockey at the Asian Games 2010 . He also played with the Tenaga Nasional Berhad HC in the Malaysia Hockey League . He wears the number 16 both for Tenaga Nasional Berhad HC and Malaysian hockey team . He is named as the Goalkeeper for the Asian All Stars 2010 along with Salman Akbar of Pakistan . He also named as the Best Goalkeeper for the 2009 Men 's Hockey Asia Cup . In 2012 Kumar became the first goalkeeper from Malaysia playing in a foreign league . He played for Uttar Pradesh Wizards in the Hockey India League . Despite having been in the national team for more than a decade , the Tampin-born Kumar has never featured in the Olympics but has played in a world cup"}, {'url': '/wiki/Marhan_Jalil', 'summary': 'Muhammad Marhan Mohd Jalil ( born 5 March 1990 ) is a Malaysian field hocker player who plays as a midfielder .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nabil_Fiqri', 'summary': 'Nabil Fiqri Mohammad Noor ( born 14 April 1987 ) is a Malaysian field hocker player who plays as a midfielder or forward . He first joined the national team in 2006 and was fielded as a forward before changing position in midfield .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Razie_Rahim', 'summary': 'Muhammad Razie Abdul Rahim ( born 25 August 1987 ) is a Malaysian field hockey player who plays as a defender . He is known as the penalty corner specialist . Razie made his debut in the Malaysia Hockey League in 2006 for Ernst and Young ( Kuala Lumpur Hockey Club ) . He emerged as the league top scorer in 2011 season . In the 2019 Malaysia Hockey League , he played for UniKL . Razie made his senior international debut in the 2006 Sultan Azlan Shah Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roslan_Jamaluddin', 'summary': "Jamaluddin Roslan ( born 18 December 1978 ) is a Malaysian field hockey player . He competed in the men 's tournament at the 2000 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shahrun_Nabil', 'summary': 'Mohamed Shahrun Nabil Abdullah ( born 5 January 1986 ) is a field hockey player from Kuala Terengganu , Terengganu , Malaysia . Shahrun has more than 190 caps for Malaysia . He was part of Malaysia junior team in the 2005 Junior World Cup . He currently the skipper of Malaysia hockey team . He competed at the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 Asian Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sukri_Mutalib', 'summary': 'Mohamad Sukri Abdul Mutalib ( born 24 February 1986 ) is a Malaysian field hockey player . Sukri has been playing in the MHL since 2005 where he represented Bank Simpanan Nasional before moving to Ernst & Young the following year . He stuck with KLHC , who are in fact a continuation of E & Y . Prior to the MHL , Sukri played for Bandar Penawar Sports School in the Junior Hockey League from 1999 to 2001 after which the sports schools combined and played in the MJHL as a team from 2002 to 2004 . It was during the MJHL that his talent was spotted by former national coach Paul Lissek and Sukri was drafted into the national training squad when he was only 16 . He made his international debut in 2003 against China in a test match played at the Tun Razak Stadium , at 17 years old , making him one of the youngest players to don national senior colours . In June 2011 , Sukri started his overseas career along with another Malaysian Faizal Saari . They were selected by the Southern Hotshots team for the Australian Hockey League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tengku_Ahmad_Tajuddin', 'summary': "Tengku Ahmad Tajuddin bin Tengku Abdul Jalil ( born 5 January 1986 ) is a Malaysian field hockey player . Tengku Ahmad is part of Malaysian 2010 Asian Games hockey squad that won the silver medal . Nicknamed as 'Zidane ' , Tengku Ahmad made his international senior debut in 2005 . He also part of Malaysia 's 2005 World Junior hockey squad . Tengku Ahmad made his debut in the MHL in 2002 and featured for Sapura for one year before joining Ernst and Young , who became KL HC . In 2008 , Tengku Ahmad had a stint with Dutch side Hilversum HC . In 2013 , he joined Terengganu Hockey Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "The Field hockey event at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , Guangdong , China from November 13 , 2010 for Women and November 15 , 2010 for Men . In this tournament , 10 teams played in the men 's competition , and 7 teams participated in the women 's competition . All matches were played at the Aoti Hockey Field ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's tournament", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2010_Asian_Games', 'summary': "The Field hockey event at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou , Guangdong , China from November 13 , 2010 for Women and November 15 , 2010 for Men . In this tournament , 10 teams played in the men 's competition , and 7 teams participated in the women 's competition . All matches were played at the Aoti Hockey Field ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medal summary -- Medalists', 'section_text': 'The following Malaysian competitors won medals at the games ; all dates are for November 2010 . [ 4 ]', 'uid': 'Malaysia_at_the_2010_Asian_Games_2', 'intro': 'Malaysia competed in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China from 12 to 27 November 2010. Athletes from the Malaysia won overall 41 medals (including nine golds), and clinched tenth spot in the medal table.'}
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What is the nickname of the gold medal winning cyclist ?
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The Pocket Rocketman
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02c9a6cce9325654
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014', 'title': 'List of Malaysian football transfers 2014', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'To club', 'Fee'], 'data': [{'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobby Gonzales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Gonzales', 'summary': 'Bobby Gonzales ( born 15 February 1984 in Beaufort ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Malaysian Premier League club Penang as forward .'}]}, {'value': 'PDRM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PDRM_FA', 'summary': 'Royal Malaysia Police Football Association or simply known as Royal Police is an association football club associated with the entity of the Royal Malaysia Police , who play in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division of Malaysian football . The team is based in Kuala Lumpur . Domestically , Royal Police has won the Malaysia Premier League , the second tier of Malaysian football in 2006-07 and 2014 . They also won the People of Maldives Invitational Cup in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Azizan Baba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Azizan_Baba', 'summary': 'Mohd Azizan Bin Baba ( born 9 September 1981 in Perak ) is a Malaysian former footballer and currently work as coach for Melaka United FC .'}]}, {'value': 'Penang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penang_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976"}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Saiful Amar Sudar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saiful_Amar_Sudar', 'summary': 'Saiful Amar bin Sudar ( born 10 June 1982 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Kedah FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedah_FA', 'summary': 'Kedah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bola Sepak Kedah ) is a football association that supervises football in the state of Kedah , Malaysia . They are the only team in the history of Malaysian football to have achieved treble titles twice , in 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons . Kedah FA is a professional football team from Malaysia that is based in Alor Setar . It represents the state of Kedah , under the supervision of Kedah Football Association . Kedah FA currently plays in the Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Guy Bwele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guy_Bwele', 'summary': 'Guy Bwele ( born 16 February 1984 at Cameroon ) is a Cameroon footballer . He can play as a defender or as a midfielder . He currently plays for Hobart Zebras in the Tasmanian Victory League . Bwele was always confused with Guy Bwelle , which caused great controversy .'}]}, {'value': 'Putrajaya SPA F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Putrajaya_SPA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Football Club or SPA FC was founded and started as a recreational club for the staffs of the Malaysian Public Services Commission ( Malay : Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia ) . The club , affiliated with Kuala Lumpur FA , started by competing the KLFA Second Division League in 2005 . Promoted to KLFA First Division in 2007 , they continued their ascent in the Kuala Lumpur football pyramid when they were promoted to KLFA Premier League in 2009 . They joined the nationwide amateur league Malaysia FAM League in 2010 . Their first season saw them finished at respectable third place , only pipped by SDMS Kepala Batas for the second automatic promotion spot to 2011 Malaysia Premier League by virtue of goal difference . However their second season in the league were not as good , finishing in eighth place out of 11 teams . The 2012 season was to be the watershed season for the club . In the FA Cup they advanced to the quarter-finals , the furthest a Malaysia FAM League side has progressed since 1994 when the competition opened to clubs from the FAM League . SPA progressed by beating Malaysia Premier League side MBJB FC and invited Cambodian club Preah Khan Reach F.C. , before being stopped by Malaysia Super League defending champion Kelantan FA who defeated them 5-0 on aggregate . Kelantan went on to win the FA Cup . In the league , SPA went all the way to become the league champion , clinching the title and promotion to 2013 Malaysia Premier League with a match to spare .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Fareez Tukijo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Fareez_Tukijo', 'summary': 'Mohamad Fareez bin Tukijo ( born 25 March 1989 ) is a Malaysian footballer who played for Kuching FA in FAM Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Shahran Abdul Samad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shahran_Abdul_Samad', 'summary': 'Shahran Abdul Samad ( born 5 February 1983 in Sabah ) is a Malaysian footballer who played in the Malaysia M3 League for Kuching FA .'}]}, {'value': 'Free agent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_agent', 'summary': "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahmad Aminuddin Shaharudin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmad_Aminuddin_Shaharudin', 'summary': 'Ahmad Aminuddin Shaharudin ( born 21 March 1990 in Selangor ) is a Malaysian footballer currently playing for DRB-Hicom F.C . in the 2014 Malaysia FAM League . He had played for Harimau Muda ( with whom he won the 2009 Malaysia Premier League title ) , Perlis , Negeri Sembilan , Felda United and Sarawak . Aminuddin was also a former Malaysia national under-19 football team and Malaysia national under-21 football team squad member .'}]}, {'value': 'Malacca United F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malacca_United_F.C.', 'summary': "Melaka United Soccer Association /məˈlɑːkə/ is a professional football club based in Malacca City that competes in Malaysia Super League . Founded in 1924 , the club 's home ground since then has been Hang Tuah Stadium before moving to Hang Jebat Stadium in Paya Rumput / Krubong . The club represents the state of Malacca in Malaysian football competitions . They currently play in the top division in Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League after being promoted back-to-back as champion from 2015 Malaysia FAM League and 2016 Malaysia Premier League . The club was formerly named simply as Malacca or fully as Malacca Amateur FA and then Malacca FA before being rebranded in August 2013 as Melaka United which will be used for 2014 season onwards . The club 's current nickname is Hang Tuah , the name being synonymous with strength and intelligence . Melaka United 's regular kit colours are green and white for shirts , shorts and socks . The club 's current crest has been used since March 2014 which based from older crest with slight modern changes in design and wording ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Shahrul Abdul Malek', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free agent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_agent', 'summary': "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Suppiah Chanturu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suppiah_Chanturu', 'summary': 'Chanturu a/l Suppiah ( born 14 December 1987 ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a right winger for a Malaysia Super League club , Felda United .'}]}, {'value': 'JDT FC', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta'zim_F.C.", 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bola Sepak Johor Darul Ta'zim ) , or simply JDT , is a football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . The club was founded in 1972 ( as PKENJ FC ) and currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim . In 2014 , JDT gained their first major honour by winning the national league during the first season under Croatian manager Bojan Hodak . Under Argentine Mario Gómez 's tutelage , they won the 2015 AFC Cup as well as the Malaysian Piala Sumbangsih and 2015 Super League . By winning the AFC Cup , JDT became the second Malaysian team since 1967 to enter a final of a major continental competition , and the first ever Malaysian club to win a continental title . JDT is the first team in the country to win six consecutive league titles ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) . Before this achievement , no team had ever won the league championship more than twice in a row since the league system was first introduced in Malaysia in 1979 . Since 2012 , Johor Darul Ta'zim FC also implied a new nickname Southern Tigers ( Malay : Harimau Selatan ) , replacing the old nickname Jengking ( Scorpion ) . The new nickname is based on the Johor State Council coat of arms . The team 's home ground is a 40,000 capacity Sultan Ibrahim Larkin Stadium . Since 2013 , the club has developed a fierce rivalry with Pahang FA and Felda United ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sarawak FA -- Transfers out', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_13', 'intro': 'The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football.'}
| null | null |
Which club did the former Malaysia national under-19 football team and Malaysia national under-21 football team squad member move to ?
|
Malacca United F.C
|
02c9b885099b6d43
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cruise_ships', 'title': 'List of cruise ships', 'header': ['Name', 'Operator', 'Began operation', 'Tonnage', 'Status'], 'data': [{'value': 'Independence of the Seas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_of_the_Seas', 'summary': "Independence of the Seas is a Freedom-class cruise ship operated by the Royal Caribbean cruise line that entered service in April 2008 . The 15-deck ship can accommodate 4,370 passengers and is served by 1,360 crew . She was built in the Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard , Finland . At 154,407 GT , she joined Freedom of the Seas and Liberty of the Seas as the largest cruise ships and passenger vessels then built . She is 1,112 feet ( 339 m ) long , and typically cruises at 21.6 knots ( 40.0 km/h ; 24.9 mph ) . Independence of the Seas is the third of the Freedom-class vessels . In October 2009 , Oasis of the Seas , the first ship in the Oasis class , displaced the Freedom class as the world 's largest passenger ship ."}]}, {'value': 'Royal Caribbean International', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_International', 'summary': "Royal Caribbean International ( RCI ) , previously known as Royal Caribbean Cruise Line ( RCCL ) , is a cruise line brand founded in 1968 in Norway and organised as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. ( RCCL ) since 1997 . Based in Miami , Florida , United States , it is the largest cruise line by revenue and second largest by passengers counts . In 2018 , Royal Caribbean International controlled 19.2% of the worldwide cruise market by passengers and 14.0% by revenue . It also operates many of the world 's largest ships ; as of July 2019 [ update ] , the line operates twenty-six ships , including the four largest cruise ships in the world , and has six additional ships on order ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '154,407', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Operating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SS_Independence', 'summary': "SS Independence was a US built and flagged ocean liner which entered service in February 1951 for American Export Lines . Between 1974 and 1982 the vessel sailed as Oceanic Independence for Atlantic Far East Lines and American Hawaii Cruises , before reverting to the original name . Independence was then operated by American Global Line between 1982 and 1996 , and again American Hawaii Cruises until being laid up in San Francisco in 2001 . In 2006 the ship was renamed Oceanic and , after being mothballed for seven years , left San Francisco for Singapore on February 8 , 2008 . That destination was later changed to Dubai , and in 2009 the aged liner left there under tow as the Platinum II for the shipbreaking yards in Alang , India . After having been turned away from those scrap yards due to hazardous materials on board , the then 58-year-old ship was grounded off Alang . There the rusting ship 's hull broke in two aft of the smokestacks ( making refloating impossible ) and was scrapped on the spot . Independence 's sister ship , SS Constitution , sank while under tow in 1997 en route to be scrapped ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlantic Far East Lines / American Hawaiian Cruises', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23,719', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Renamed Oceanic Independence ( 1974-79 ) , renamed the Independence ( 1982-2006 ) , renamed the Oceanic ( 2006 ) , sold for scrap in 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_(cruise_ship)', 'summary': 'Independence is a small cruise ship owned and operated by American Cruise Lines ( ACL ) . She was built in 2010 by Chesapeake Shipbuilding in Salisbury , Maryland for overnight coastal , river , and inland waterway cruising within the continental United States .'}]}, {'value': 'American Cruise Lines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Cruise_Lines', 'summary': 'American Cruise Lines , Inc. is a small-ship cruise line with its headquarters in Guilford , Connecticut , United States . The line operates twelve small cruise ships along the Eastern Seaboard and Western Seaboard ( including Alaska ) as well as the Mississippi-Ohio and Columbia-Snake river systems of the United States .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Operating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Insignia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MS_Insignia', 'summary': "MS Insignia is the lead ship of the R class of cruise ships built for Renaissance cruises . She is now owned by Oceania Cruises as part of its Regatta Class of ships , but recently sailed for Hapag-Lloyd as the Columbus 2 . She was built in 1998 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in St. Nazaire , France for Renaissance Cruises as MS R One . On 11 December 2014 , 3 crew members died in a fire that broke out in the engine room when the ship was docked in St. Lucia ."}]}, {'value': 'Oceania Cruises', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oceania_Cruises', 'summary': "Oceania Cruises is a cruise line based in Miami , Florida , that operates six cruise ships on worldwide itineraries . It typically offers cruises that last between 10 and 14 days , but is also known for its long cruises lasting up to 195 days . The line 's President and CEO is Bob Binder ; he is vice-chairman and also a co-founder of the brand . Since September 2014 , Oceania Cruises has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings , which also owns Norwegian Cruise Line and Regent Seven Seas Cruises ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30,277', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'formerly R One , Insignia , Columbus 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Island Escape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Island_Escape', 'summary': 'MS Island Escape was launched as the cruiseferry MS Scandinavia in 1981 . In 1985 she was renamed MS Stardancer and in 1990 MS Viking Serenade before being converted to a cruise ship in 1991 . She became MS Island Escape in 2002 being renamed once more as MV Ocean Gala in 2015 . Her final name was MV Ocean Gala 1 before being scrapped in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Island Cruises', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Island_Cruises', 'summary': "Island Cruises was a cruise line that was founded as a joint venture between Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. and First Choice Travel PLC , each of whom owned 50% of the company . The company operated in Europe , the Caribbean , and South America , aiming its products primarily at markets in the United Kingdom , Brazil and Argentina . First Choice was later acquired by TUI Travel . In 2008 , Royal Caribbean sold its stake in the company to TUI , and the cruise line 's only fully owned ship , the Island Escape , was transferred to TUI 's Thomson Cruises . Island Cruises was discontinued in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40,132', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sold for scrap in 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Island Princess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MS_Island_Princess_(2003)', 'summary': "Island Princess is a cruise ship for the Princess Cruises line . She is the sister ship to Coral Princess and together they are the only Panamax ships in Princess 's fleet together with their R-class vessels and Sun-class ships . She was constructed at Chantiers de l'Atlantique , France ."}]}, {'value': 'Princess Cruises', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Princess_Cruises', 'summary': 'Princess Cruises is a cruise line owned by Carnival Corporation & plc . The company is incorporated in Bermuda and its headquarters are in Santa Clarita , California . As of 2018 , it is the second largest cruise line by net revenue . It was previously a subsidiary of P & O Princess Cruises , and is currently under Holland America Group within Carnival Corporation & plc , which holds executive control over the Princess Cruises brand . The line has 18 ships cruising global itineraries that are marketed to both American and international passengers . The company was made famous by the American television series , The Love Boat , in which its ship Pacific Princess was featured . In May 2013 , Royal Princess , the first Royal-class ship and the largest ship constructed for Princess at the time , became the flagship of Princess Cruises .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Operating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Island Sky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noble Caledonia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Operating . Formerly : MS Renaissance Eight , MS Renai II , MS Sky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan Franko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MS_Ivan_Franko', 'summary': "MS Ivan Franko was the first Ivan Franko-class passenger ship owned by the Soviet Union 's Black Sea Shipping Company . She was built in 1964 by V.E.B . Mathias-Thesen Werft , Wismar , East Germany . She was scrapped in 1997 at Alang , India ."}]}, {'value': 'Black Sea Shipping Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Sea_Shipping_Company', 'summary': "Black Sea Shipping Company ( Ukrainian : Чорноморське морське пароплавство ) is a Ukrainian shipping company based in Odessa . During Soviet rule , the company held the title of world 's largest shipping company for several years and was instrumental in important foreign trade and international aid initiatives of the Soviet government . In February 2009 , it was declared bankrupt by the Higher Commercial Court of Ukraine ( previously by the Commercial Court of Odessa Oblast and the Odessa Appellate Commercial Court ) . The State Property Fund of Ukraine decided in January 2017 to sell the company at auction ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19,861', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scrapped 1997 under name Fran', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'I', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_cruise_ships_8', 'intro': "This is a list of cruise ships, both those in service and those that have ceased to operate. Ocean liners are included on this list only if they also functioned as cruise ships. (See: list of ocean liners.) As some cruise ships have operated under multiple names, all names will be listed in the Status section, along with the history of the vessel, under the vessel's current or most recent name. If a vessel is not currently operating as a cruise ship, only the most recent operation will be listed here. Likewise, if a vessel fulfilled another role before becoming a cruise ship, the first entry for the vessel will occur when the vessel began its career as a cruise ship."}
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What city was a ship scrapped whose Operator was declared bankrupt by the Higher Commercial Court of Ukraine ?
|
Alang
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02cb8845d65a2620
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election_in_Tamil_Nadu', 'title': '1977 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu', 'header': ['Constituency', 'Winner', 'Party', 'Margin', 'Runner-up', 'Party'], 'data': [{'value': 'Madras North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madras_North_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chennai North is one of the three Lok Sabha constituencies in Chennai , Tamil Nadu . Formerly it was known as Madras North .'}]}, {'value': 'A. V. P. Asaithambi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._V._P._Asaithambi', 'summary': 'A. V. P. Asaithambi ( died 7 April 1979 ) was an Indian politician . He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1957 from Thousand Lights constituency as an Independent candidate and 1967 from Egmore constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate . He was also elected to Lok Sabha in 1977 from Chennai North constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate . Collectrate office building in Virudhunagar is named after him . He was a dialogue writer for a film Sarvadhikari made in 1951 .'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45,103', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K. Manoharan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nanjil_K._Manoharan', 'summary': "Nanjil K. Manoharan ( February 1929 - 1 August 2000 ) was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu . He was Tamil Nadu 's minister of Finance during 1977-1980 and minister of Revenue during 1996-2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madras Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madras_Central_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'The Lok Sabha constituency Chennai Central is one of three constituencies in Chennai , Tamil Nadu . Formerly it was known as Madras Central.It is also one of the smallest constituencies in India . The Voter-verified paper audit trail ( VVPAT ) system with EVMs was used for the first time in this Lok Sabha constituency in 2014 elections .'}]}, {'value': 'P. Ramachandran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P._Ramachandran', 'summary': 'P. Ramachandran ( 11 July 1921 - 23 May 2001 ) was an Indian politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly . In parliament he represented Tamil Nadu . He was also Governor of Kerala ( 1982-1988 ) In the assembly he was elected from Peranamallur constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1962 . He was later elected to Lok Sabha from Chennai Central constituency as a Janata Party candidate in 1977 .'}]}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '73,411', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K. Raja Mohammad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madras South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madras_South_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'The Lok Sabha constituency Chennai South is one of three constituencies in Chennai , Tamil Nadu . It was formerly known as Madras South . It was created in 1957 through bifurcation of Madras Lok Sabha constituency.It is the most populous Lok sabha constituency in south India . C. N. Annadurai , the first non-Congress chief minister of Tamil Nadu resigned his seat in 1967 after he was nominated for chief ministership . [ citation needed ] It was later contested and won by Murasoli Maran .'}]}, {'value': 'R. Venkataraman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._Venkataraman', 'summary': 'Ramaswamy Venkataraman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , 4 December 1910 - 27 January 2009 ) was an Indian lawyer , Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union Minister and as the eighth President of India . Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village in Tanjore district , Madras Presidency . He studied law and practised in the Madras High Court and the Supreme Court of India . In his young age , he was an activist of the Indian independence movement and participated in the Quit India Movement . He was appointed as the member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet . He was elected to the Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister . In 1984 , he was elected as the seventh Vice President of India and in 1987 , he became the 8th President of India and served from 1987 to 1992 . He also served as a State minister under K. Kamaraj and M. Bhaktavatsalam .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14,829', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Murasoli Maran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murasoli_Maran', 'summary': 'Murasoli Maran ( 17 August 1934 - 23 November 2003 ) was an Indian politician and an important leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) party which was headed by his maternal uncle and mentor , M. Karunanidhi . A Member of Parliament for 36 years , he was made a Union Minister in three separate central governments , in charge of Urban Development in the V.P . Singh government , Industry in the Gowda and Gujral governments , and finally Commerce and Industry under Vajpayee . Apart from being a politician , Maran was a journalist and scriptwriter for films too .'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sriperumbudur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sriperumbudur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the largest parliamentary constituencies in Tamil Nadu .'}]}, {'value': 'S. Jaganathan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45,932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. P. Elumalai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T._P._Elumalai', 'summary': 'T. P. Elumalai was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Saidapet constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1952 election . The second winner was N. Ramakrishna Iyer . He was elected from Ponneri constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1957 , and 1962 elections . He was one of the two winners in the 1957 election , the other being V. Govindasami Naidu .'}]}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chengalpattu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chengalpattu_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chengalpattu is a defunct Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu . It was earlier known as Chingleput . This constituency no longer exists , since it was removed after 2009 , due to delimitation .'}]}, {'value': 'R. Mohanarangam', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '35,639', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Era . Sezhiyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Era._Sezhiyan', 'summary': "Era Sezhiyan ( 28 April 1923 - 6 June 2017 ) or Rajagopal Seziyan was an Indian writer and politician . His original name was R.Srinivasan and changed his name to fall in line with other DMK leaders who opted for Tamil names instead of Sanskritised forms . He was known for having rediscovered and published 'Shah Commission Report ' which was reported destroyed by Indira Gandhi Government"}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arakkonam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arakkonam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Arakkonam is a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu .'}]}, {'value': 'O. V. Alagesa Mudaliar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/O._V._Alagesa_Mudaliar', 'summary': 'Ozhalur Viswanatha Mudaliar Alagesan ( Tamil : ஒழலூர் விஸ்வநாத முதலியார் அழககேசன் ) ( 6 September 1911 - 3 January 1992 ) was an Indian politician and freedom fighter from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . He served as a Member of parliament , Lok Sabha from 1951 to 1957 , 1962 to 1967 and from 1971 to 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '57,864', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N. Veeraswamy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/N._Veeraswamy', 'summary': 'Nagappa Veeraswamy ( 17 April 1932 - 23 August 1992 ) was Indian film producer and distributor , who produced under the house , Eshwari Productions . He produced 17 Kannada films and one Hindi film , from the early 1970s till his death in 1992 . He was the father of Kannada film star and star director V. Ravichandran .'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vellore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vellore_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': "Vellore Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 39 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in the present state of Tamil Nadu in Southern India . The 2019 lok sabha election was scheduled to be held on 18 April in this constituency but the President of India rescinded polling on 16 April after Election Commission of India sent a report stating recovery of huge amount of unaccounted cash allegedly from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate 's office ."}]}, {'value': 'V. Dhandayuthapani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/V._Dhandayuthapani', 'summary': 'V. Dhandayuthapani was an Indian politician . He was a Member of Parliament , representing Vellore in the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress ( Organisation ) from 1977 to 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,161', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdul Samad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdul_Samad', 'summary': "Abdul Samad ( Arabic : عبد الصّمد ) is a male Muslim given name , built on the Arabic words Abd , al- and Samad . The name means servant of the Everlasting , al-Samad being one of the names of God in the Qur'an , which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names . Because the letter s is a sun letter , the letter l of the al- is assimilated to it . Thus although the name is written with letters corresponding to Abd al-Samad , the usual pronunciation corresponds to Abd as-Samad . Alternative transliterations include Abdus Samad and others , all subject to variant spacing and hyphenation . It may refer to :"}]}, {'value': 'IND', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiruppattur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiruppattur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Tiruppattur was a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu . After delimitation in 2009 , it is now a defunct constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'C. N. Viswanathan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Janata party', 'urls': []}, {'value': '98,666', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C. K. Chinnaraj Gounder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vandavasi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vandavasi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Vandavasi was a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu . After delimitation in 2009 , it is defunct .'}]}, {'value': 'Venugopal Gounder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '81,132', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Durai Murugan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durai_Murugan', 'summary': 'Durai Murugan ( born 1 July 1938 ) is an Indian lawyer and politician . He graduated in MA and BL and is an Advocate by profession . [ citation needed ] He is Close Confidante to D M K Patriarch M. Karunanidhi and his son D M K President M. K. Stalin . He is the treasurer of the DMK party since August 28 , 2018 , and before that , he was Principal Secretary and Deputy General secretary for the DMK . Murugan was first elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly in 1971 and has been elected nine times since . He was elected from the Katpadi constituency in 2006 . After the 2006 assembly elections , Murugan was appointed Minister for Public Works in the Government of Tamil Nadu . [ citation needed ] He was divested of the Public Works Department portfolio on 13 July 2009 . He was re-elected from the Katpadi constituency in the elections of 2016 . He currently resides in Kotturpuram , Chennai . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tindivanam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tindivanam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Tindivanam was a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu . After delimitation in 2009 , it is defunct .'}]}, {'value': 'M. R. Lakshmi Narayanan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/M._R._Lakshmi_Narayanan', 'summary': 'M. R. Lakshmi Narayanan was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Tindivanam constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1971 and 1977 elections .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,485', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V. Krishnamoorthy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cuddalore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuddalore_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Cuddalore is a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu .'}]}, {'value': 'G. Bhuvarahan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/G._Bhuvarahan', 'summary': 'G. Bhuvaraghan ( c. 1927 - 23 February 2014 ) was an Indian politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from the Vridhachalam constituency in 1962 , 1967 elections and as a Janata Party candidate in the 1989 election .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89,057', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S. Radhakrishnan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S._Radhakrishnan', 'summary': "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan listen ( help·info ) ( 5 September 1888 - 17 April 1975 ) was an Indian philosopher , academic , and statesman who served as the first Vice President of India ( 1952-1962 ) and the second President of India ( 1962-1967 ) . [ web 1 ] One of India 's most distinguished twentieth-century scholars of comparative religion and philosophy , [ web 2 ] after completing his education at Madras Christian College in 1911 , he became Assistant Professor and later Professor of Philosophy at Madras Presidency College then subsequently Professor of Philosophy at the University of Mysore ( 1918-1921 ) ; the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at the University of Calcutta ( 1921-1932 ) and Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at University of Oxford ( 1936-1952 ) by which he became the first Indian to hold a professorial chair at the University of Oxford . He was Upton Lecturer at Manchester College , Oxford in 1926 , 1929 , and 1930 . In 1930 he was appointed Haskell lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Chicago . His philosophy was grounded in Advaita Vedanta , reinterpreting this tradition for a contemporary understanding . [ web 2 ] He defended Hinduism against what he called uninformed Western criticism , contributing to the formation of contemporary Hindu identity . He has been influential in shaping the understanding of Hinduism , in both India and the west , and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West . Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life , including a knighthood in 1931 , the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award in India , in 1954 , and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963 . He was also one of the founders of Helpage India , a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India . Radhakrishnan believed that teachers should be the best minds in the country . Since 1962 , his birthday has been celebrated in India as Teachers ' Day on 5 September every year . [ web 3 ] He is the only President of India who could not attend the Delhi Republic Day parade due to his ill health"}]}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chidambaram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chidambaram_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chidambaram is a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu . The seat is reserved for scheduled castes .'}]}, {'value': 'A. Murugesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '109,234', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N. Rajangam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/N._Rajangam', 'summary': 'N. Rajangam was an Indian politician and former Minister for Harijan Welfare ( Tamil Nadu Government ) and former Member of Parliament , Rajya Sabha . Born in 1920 in the village of Karunguzhi in ( then South Arcot District ) Cuddalore district , Mr. Rajangam started in public life as a member and organizer in the Nandanar movement . In 1937 , he was arrested for his participation in Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu ( Mozhi Por ) , a movement against the imposition of hindi as a compulsory language . Mr. Rajangam started his professional life as the warden at Nandanar high school , Chidambaram . He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Kurinjipadi constituency as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate in 1962 , 1967 , and 1971 elections . During his tenure , he was appointed the Minister of Harijan Welfare and was instrumental in the establishment of Tamil Nadu Harijan Housing and Development Corporation ( THHADCO ) in 1974 . Later in 1984 he was elected to the Rajya Sabha as a Member of Parliament from Tamilnadu and served in various consultative committees in the department of Railways , Steel & Industries , Coal and Mines , etc .'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharmapuri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharmapuri_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Dharmapuri is a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu .'}]}, {'value': 'K. Ramamurthy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Ramamurthy', 'summary': 'Vazhapadi Ramamurthy ( died 27 October 2002 ) was an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu . He served as Union Minister of Petroleum as part of NDA government under Atal Behari Vajpayee .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '105,686', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'P. Ponnuswamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Krishnagiri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krishnagiri_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Krishnagiri is a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu .'}]}, {'value': 'P. V. Periasamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '119,228', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. Kamalanathan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rasipuram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rasipuram_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Rasipuram Lok Sabha constituency was composed of the following assembly segments :'}]}, {'value': 'B. Devarajan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B._Devarajan', 'summary': 'B. Devarajan was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Rasipuram constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in the state general elections in 1977 , 1980 , 1984 , 1989 and 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '133,438', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jothi Venkatachalam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jothi_Venkatachalam', 'summary': "Jothi Venkatachalam ( born 27 October 1917 ) was an Indian politician who served as Governor of Kerala and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu . She is also the paternal grandmother of the famous D. Deepak Senthil from Atkinson Palace in Vepery . Jothi Venkatachalam was born in Rangoon in October 1917 . She was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Egmore constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1962 election , and as an Indian National Congress ( Organisation ) candidate from Srirangam constituency in 1971 election . She briefly served as a minister for Prohibition and Women 's Welfare in the C. Rajagopalachari cabinet between 10 October 1953 and 12 April 1954 . She was also the minister for public health in K. Kamaraj 's cabinet between 1962 and 1963 . Later she served as the Governor of Kerala from 14 October 1977 to 26 October 1982 . On her death , Atkinson Road in Chennai was named after her . . Her husband a famous businessman Vencatachellum was the Sherrif of Madras . In 1974 Jothi Venkatachalam was conferred with a 'Padma Shri ' award for her dedicated contribution in the field of Public Affairs ."}]}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salem_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Salem is a parliamentary ( Lok Sabha ) constituency in Tamil Nadu , India .'}]}, {'value': 'P. Kannan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P._Kannan', 'summary': 'P. Kannan ( c. 1939 - 16 September 2016 ) was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Lok Sabha as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Salem constituency in 1977 election , and from Tiruchengode constituency in 1984 election . He died at the age of 77 in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '79,604', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K. Rajaram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Rajaram', 'summary': 'K. Rajaram ( 29 August 1926 - 8 February 2008 ) was an Indian politician of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) and later , All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( ADMK ) and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu . He served as the Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 1980 to 1985 . Rajaram rose to prominence in 1962 when he defeated C. R. Narasimhan , son of C. Rajagopalachari while contesting from Krishnagiri as a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam . He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Salem II constituency in 1971 as a DMK candidate and from the Panamarathupatti constituency in 1980,84 and 91 as an ADMK candidate . He served as the Minister for Housing and Backward Classes during 1971-73 and as the Minister for Labour during 1973-76 in the M. Karunanidhi cabinet . He was the Minister for Industries during 1985-89 in the M. G. Ramachandran cabinet and the Minister for Food during 1991-92 in the J. Jayalalitha cabinet . He also served as a Member of Lok Sabha from Krishnagiri during 1962-67 and from Salem during 1967-71 .'}]}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiruchengode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiruchengode_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Tiruchengode was a Lok Sabha constituency in Tamil Nadu . After delimitation in 2009 , it is now a defunct constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'R. Kolanthaivelu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._Kolanthaivelu', 'summary': "R. Kolanthaivelu ( Tamil : ஆர் குழந்தைவேலு ) ( 1935 - unknown ) was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Lok Sabha as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Tiruchengode constituency in 1977 election . He went to Loyala College , Presidency College , Pachaiyappa 's College for his higher education . He married to Rathinam in 1973 . He was a Lawyer and agriculturist by profession ."}]}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '128,180', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. Muthusamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nilgiris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nilgiris_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Nilgiris is a Lok Sabha ( Parliament of India ) constituency in Tamil Nadu . Since 2009 , this constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes .'}]}, {'value': 'P. S. Ramalingam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P._S._Ramalingam', 'summary': 'P.S . Ramalingam ( 1945-2013 ) was a Tamil Nadu politician .'}]}, {'value': 'ADMK', 'urls': []}, {'value': '59,346', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. K. Nanja Gowder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gobichettipalayam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gobichettipalayam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments :'}]}, {'value': 'K. S. Ramaswamy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._S._Ramaswamy', 'summary': "K. S. Ramaswamy Gounder ( Tamil : ராமசாமி கவுண்டர் ) ( 1922 - 4 December 2004 ) was an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament elected from Tamil Nadu . He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Gobichettipalayam constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate in 1957 and 1977 election . He was the union deputy minister for Home , Education and Social Welfare in Indira Gandhi 's ministry . He is the son of the freedom fighter K.K Subbanna Gounder . He was appointed as President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee . He was awarded with Chevalier and Sir ."}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '105,458', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N. K. Karuppuswamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coimbatore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coimbatore_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Coimbatore is a Lok Sabha constituency in western Tamil Nadu , India . It is the largest city of the Kongu Nadu region of Tamil Nadu and the district headquarters of the Coimbatore district .'}]}, {'value': 'Parvathi Krishnan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parvathi_Krishnan', 'summary': 'Parvathi Krishnan ( 15 March 1919 - 20 February 2014 ) was an Indian politician from the Communist Party of India . She was a three time former Member of Parliament representing Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency and Rajya Sabha member . She was the daughter of former Madras Presidency Premier P. Subbarayan .'}]}, {'value': 'CPI', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21,178', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S. V. Lakshmanan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NCO', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of Elected MPs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Indian_general_election_in_Tamil_Nadu,_1977_0', 'intro': 'The 1977 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a big victory for Indian National Congress under Indira Gandhi and its allies Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Communist Party of India winning 34 seats, while Janata Party and its allies Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Indian National Congress (Organisation) won only 5 seats. The Janata Party ended up winning this election. After the election, the ADK ended up supporting the Janata Party under Morarji Desai. In 1979, ADK continued to support Janata Party, by supporting Charan Singh, which resulted in the appointment of two ADK cabinet members.'}
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What is the name of the village that was the birthplace of the politician who studied law and practiced in the Madras High Court and was associated with the INC party during the 1977 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu ?
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Rajamadam village
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02cbcbcdf6714467
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Germany at the 1908 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Zürner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Zürner', 'summary': 'Albert Zürner ( January 30 , 1890 - July 18 , 1920 ) was a German diver who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics , in the 1908 Summer Olympics , and in the 1912 Summer Olympics . At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens , Zürner was the youngest member of the German team aged just 16 years and 87 days old , he competed in the platform diving event and finished fourth overall after nine dives from three different heights . Two years later , Zürner was competing in the 3 metre springboard event at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , after winning his heat and finishing second in his semi-final , he was in the final against two other German divers and an American , and on 18 July after seven dives Zürner was declared the winner , winning by 0.2 points from Kurt Behrens and receiving a gold medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , two diving events were contested , both for men only . The competition was held on Tuesday July 14 , 1908 and Friday July 24 , 1908 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 3 m springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The men 's 3 metre springboard , also known as the fancy diving competition , was one of two diving events on the Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme , along with the men 's 10 metre platform . The competition was actually held from both 3 metre and 1 metre boards . Divers performed a running plain dive and a running forward somersault from the 1 metre board , a one-and-a-half somersault and a backward spring and forward dive from the 3 metre board , and three dives of the competitor 's choice from the 3 metre board . The competition was held on Tuesday 14 and Saturday 18 July 1908 . Twenty-three divers from eight nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heinrich Burger , Anna Hübler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heinrich_Burger', 'summary': 'Heinrich Burger ( 31 May 1881 - 27 April 1942 ) was a German figure skater . He competed in both singles and pairs events . He was Olympic champion and two-time World champion together with Anna Hübler . Burger and Hübler were the first world champions and the first Olympic champions in pairs figure skating . They never became European champions , because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930 . They skated for the club Müchener EV ( Munich EV ) . Heinrich Burger was also a lawyer in Munich .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anna_Hübler', 'summary': 'Ana Hübler ( 2 January 1885 - 5 July 1976 ) was a German pair skater , born in Munich . She was an Olympic champion and two-time World champion with skating partner Heinrich Burger . Hübler and Burger were the first World champions and the first Olympic champions in pairs figure skating . They never became European champions , because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930 . They skated for the club Münchener EV ( Munich EV ) . Hübler was the first female German Olympic champion . ( The first woman winning an Olympic medal for Germany was the single skater Elsa Rendschmidt . She won silver in 1908 . ) After retiring from figure skating , Hübler became a singer and actress . She later owned a department store . ( pairs with Heinrich Burger )'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Four figure skating events were contested at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , but they were held in October 1908 , six months after most of the other Olympic events at the 1908 Games . The figure skating competition took place at the Prince 's Skating Club , in the district of Knightsbridge . It was the first time that a winter sport had ever been included in the Olympic Games , sixteen years before the first Winter Olympics in Chamonix . The number of competitors was very low , with two events having only three entrants , guaranteeing a medal for participation ."}]}, {'value': 'Pairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Pairs', 'summary': 'Twelve years later , silver medalist Phyllis Johnson would capture a bronze medal with a new partner at the 1920 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'October 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arno Bieberstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arno_Bieberstein', 'summary': 'Arno Bieberstein ( October 24 , 1884 in Magdeburg - July 7 , 1918 in Magdeburg ) was a German backstroke swimmer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , six swimming events were contested . These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100-metre pool had been especially constructed ( inside the main stadium 's track and field oval ) . Previous Olympic events were swum in open water ( 1896 : The Mediterranean Sea , 1900 : The Seine River , 1904 : an artificial lake ) . Only men participated in the swimming events . The competitions were held from Monday , July 13 , 1908 , to Saturday , July 25 , 1908 . All six of the 1908 events became staples of the Olympic swimming programme , and have been contested at every edition of the Games since . The 50 m , 200 m , and 800 m freestyle events were dropped from the previous edition ( though the 50 m and 200 m would later return ) , the relay was lengthened from 4×50 yards to 4×200 m , and the 400 m breaststroke was shortened to 200 metres . Canada and Finland made their first appearances in swimming , while Austria , Hungary , and the United States continued their streaks of appearing each time . Fourteen nations competed in all , with 100 swimmers entering the events ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metre backstroke was one of six swimming events on the swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . It was the only backstroke event on the schedule . It was the first appearance of the event , after a 100-yard event was held in 1904 . The competition was held on Thursday July 16 , 1908 and on Friday July 17 , 1908 . Twenty-one swimmers from eleven nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hanns Braun , Hans Eicke , Arthur Hoffmann , Otto Trieloff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hanns_Braun', 'summary': 'Hanns Braun ( 26 October 1886 - 9 October 1918 ) was a German athlete .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hans_Eicke', 'summary': 'Hans Eicke ( 1 December 1884 - 22 August 1947 ) was a German athlete . He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Hoffmann_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Arthur ( Aute ) Hoffmann ( 10 December 1887 - 4 April 1932 ) was a German athlete . He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . He was born in Danzig , Poland and died in Hamburg , Germany . Hoffmann was a member of the silver medal German medley relay team . He was the first runner of the four-man squad , running 200 metres and followed by Hans Eicke , Otto Trieloff , and Hanns Braun . The team dominated the first round , defeating the Dutch team easily with a time of 3:43.2 . In the final , though , the Germans could not match the American team . Hoffmann was seven yards behind the leading American and one behind the second-place Hungarian when he finished his 200 . The German team moved into second place at the very end of the race , however , giving Hoffmann a silver medal . Hoffman also competed in the 100 metre and 200 metre races , placing second in his first round heats in both and not advancing . In the long jump competition he finished 15th .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Otto_Trieloff', 'summary': 'Otto Paul Trieloff ( 17 November 1885 - 6 July 1967 ) was a German athlete . He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . He was born in Duisburg and died in Essen-Rüttenscheid . Trieloff was a member of the silver medal German medley relay team . He was the third runner on the squad , running 400 metres . He followed Arthur Hoffmann and Hans Eicke , each of whom ran 200 metres , and was followed by Hanns Braun running the 800 . The team dominated the first round , defeating the Dutch team easily with a time of 3:43.2 . In the final , though , the Germans could not match the American team . Trieloff in third place when he started his leg , and finished five yards behind the second place Hungarian team . Braun was able to move into second place at the very end of the race , however , giving Trieloff a silver medal . Trieloff also competed in the 400 metres event , finishing second in his first round heat and not advancing to the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's medley relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_medley_relay", 'summary': "The men 's medley relay was run for the first time at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . The event consisted of 1600 metres being run by four athletes per team . Unlike the later 4 × 400 metres relay , however , the athletes had different distances to run . In the medley , the first two runners each ran 200 metres . The third runner ran 400 and the fourth ran 800 . The competition was held on July 24 , 1908 and July 25 , 1908 . 28 runners from 7 nations competed . The event was run in two rounds ."}]}, {'value': 'July 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Max Götze , Rudolf Katzer , Hermann Martens , Karl Neumer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Max_Götze', 'summary': 'Max Götze ( 13 October 1880 - 29 October 1944 ) was a German track cycling racer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . He won the silver medal together with his teammates Karl Neumer , Rudolf Katzer , and Hermann Martens in the team pursuit . He also competed in the 5000 metres race , but was eliminated in the first round . In the tandem event together with Otto Götze he was dropped out in the semifinals . At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens he was also able to win a silver medal in the tandem event together with Bruno Götze .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rudolf_Katzer', 'summary': 'Rudolf Katzer ( born 1888 , date of death unknown ) was a German track cycling racer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . With his teammates Karl Neumer , Max Götze and Hermann Martens he won the silver medal in the team pursuit . He also competed in the 660 yards sprint , in the 5000 metres race , and in the 20 kilometres race , but each time he was eliminated in the first round . He also participated in the 100 kilometres race , but was not able to finish the race .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hermann_Martens', 'summary': 'Hermann Martens ( April 16 , 1877 in Berlin - 1916 ) was a German track cyclist who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . He won the silver medal together with his teammates Karl Neumer , Max Götze , and Rudolf Katzer in the team pursuit . He also competed in the 660 yards sprint , in the 5000 metres race , in the 20 kilometres , and in the 1000 metre sprint , but was always eliminated in the first round . He also participated in the 100 kilometres race , but was not able to finish the race . In the tandem event together with Alwin Boldt he was also dropped out in the first round .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Karl_Neumer', 'summary': 'Karl Neumer ( 23 February 1887 - 16 May 1984 ) was a German track cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a bronze medal in the individual sprint and a silver in the team pursuit . He also competed in the 5000 metres race , but was eliminated in the first round . Neumer held the national sprint title in 1907-1910 . In 1912 he raced professionally , but with little success . He then ran a vegetable shop in Dresden , which was destroyed by bombing in 1945 . His 1908 bicycle was one of the first exhibits at the Leipzig Sports Museum . Before his death in 1984 , Neumer was the oldest living German Olympic medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's team pursuit", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_team_pursuit", 'summary': "The men 's team pursuit was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Teams started at opposite sides of the track . Each team raced three laps of the track , comprising 1980 yards ( 1810.5 m ) . The third cyclist in each four-man team to finish set the time for the team ."}]}, {'value': 'July 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurt Behrens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurt_Behrens', 'summary': 'Kurt Behrens ( November 26 , 1884 - February 5 , 1928 ) was a German diver who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics . In 1908 he won the silver medal in the 3 metre springboard event . Four years later he won the bronze medal in the 3 metre springboard event . In the plain high diving as well as in the 10 metre platform competition he was eliminated in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , two diving events were contested , both for men only . The competition was held on Tuesday July 14 , 1908 and Friday July 24 , 1908 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 3 m springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The men 's 3 metre springboard , also known as the fancy diving competition , was one of two diving events on the Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme , along with the men 's 10 metre platform . The competition was actually held from both 3 metre and 1 metre boards . Divers performed a running plain dive and a running forward somersault from the 1 metre board , a one-and-a-half somersault and a backward spring and forward dive from the 3 metre board , and three dives of the competitor 's choice from the 3 metre board . The competition was held on Tuesday 14 and Saturday 18 July 1908 . Twenty-three divers from eight nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elsa Rendschmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elsa_Rendschmidt', 'summary': "Elsa Rendschmidt ( 11 January 1886 - 9 October 1969 ) was a German figure skater and the first German woman to win a medal at the Olympic Games . Rendschmidt won the silver medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics , the first Olympics to include a ladies ' figure skating event . She competed in the first ladies ' German nationals , which took place in 1911 . She skated for the Berliner Schlittschuhclub and won the event , becoming Germany 's first ladies ' champion . She also competed at the World Championships several times . Her best finish was 2nd ( in 1908 and 1910 ) . A road located in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf was named after Rendschmidt in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Four figure skating events were contested at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , but they were held in October 1908 , six months after most of the other Olympic events at the 1908 Games . The figure skating competition took place at the Prince 's Skating Club , in the district of Knightsbridge . It was the first time that a winter sport had ever been included in the Olympic Games , sixteen years before the first Winter Olympics in Chamonix . The number of competitors was very low , with two events having only three entrants , guaranteeing a medal for participation ."}]}, {'value': "Ladies ' singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Ladies'_singles", 'summary': "Without rivals Jenny Herz and Lily Kronberger present at the Olympics , Great Britain 's Madge Syers easily won the gold medal ."}]}, {'value': 'October 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otto Froitzheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otto_Froitzheim', 'summary': 'Otto Froitzheim ( German pronunciation : [ ɔto fʀøːtshaɪ̯m ] ; 24 April 1884 - 27 October 1962 ) was a German tennis player . He won the singles and doubles titles at the World Hard Court Championships in 1912 . He also won an Olympic Silver medal in singles in 1908 and was a finalist at Wimbledon in 1914 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Six tennis events were contested at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom . Indoor tennis events , on what were officially called 'covered courts ' , were held for the first time , along with the usual outdoor events . Women 's tennis returned , with women 's singles ( but not women 's doubles or mixed doubles ) and indoor women 's singles . The indoor events were held at the covered courts of the Queens Club and began on May 6 , 1908 , ahead of the official start of the Games while the outdoor tournament was played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club at Worple Road from July 6 through July 11 , 1908 . In total 50 players , 40 men and 10 women , competed . Five nations made their tennis debuts , while five more returned to competition for a total of ten nations . Two players , Les Poidevin and Wimbledon champion Anthony Wilding were nominated for Australasia but through administrative bungling they were not entered ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_singles", 'summary': "The men 's outdoor singles was one of six lawn tennis events on the Tennis at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The tournament was played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club ."}]}, {'value': 'July 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hanns Braun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hanns_Braun', 'summary': 'Hanns Braun ( 26 October 1886 - 9 October 1918 ) was a German athlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 800 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_800_metres", 'summary': "The men 's 800 metres made its fourth Olympic appearance at the 1908 Summer Olympics . The competition was held on July 20 , 1908 and on July 21 , 1908 . The races were held on a track of 536.45 metres=\u200b1⁄3 mile in circumference . It was run in two rounds , with the winners of the eight heats of the first round competing in the final . 38 runners from eleven nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karl Neumer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl_Neumer', 'summary': 'Karl Neumer ( 23 February 1887 - 16 May 1984 ) was a German track cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a bronze medal in the individual sprint and a silver in the team pursuit . He also competed in the 5000 metres race , but was eliminated in the first round . Neumer held the national sprint title in 1907-1910 . In 1912 he raced professionally , but with little success . He then ran a vegetable shop in Dresden , which was destroyed by bombing in 1945 . His 1908 bicycle was one of the first exhibits at the Leipzig Sports Museum . Before his death in 1984 , Neumer was the oldest living German Olympic medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 660 yd", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_660_yards", 'summary': "The men 's 660 yards was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . It was the shortest of the events , comprising a single lap of the track . The time limit for the race was 1 minute , 10 seconds . The 1908 Games was the only time when the 660 yards event was part of the Olympic cycling program ."}]}, {'value': 'July 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gottlob Walz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gottlob_Walz', 'summary': 'Gottlob Walz ( 29 June 1881-1943 ) was a German diver who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games and 1908 Summer Olympics . Walz was born in Stuttgart , Germany in 1881 and from 1903 became an accomplished diver who won the German National Diving Champion 11 times and the European Champion three times , so when he entered the Olympics he was the favorite each time . At the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens , he competed with another 23 divers in the platform diving event , in which the divers had three dives each from four , eight and twelve metre platforms , and after two days Walz won with 156.0 points and ahead of fellow German Georg Hoffmann by 5.8 points . Two years later Walz was back at the Olympics competing this time in the 3 metre spring event , at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , in the first round the divers were split into group with the first two in each group qualifying for the next round , Walz won his group with 81.30 points , in the semi-finals there were two groups with again the top two qualifying for the final , Walz this time finished second in his group behind fellow German Kurt Behrens , in a final with four divers Walz only managed to finish in joint third place with American George Gaidzik .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , two diving events were contested , both for men only . The competition was held on Tuesday July 14 , 1908 and Friday July 24 , 1908 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 3 m springboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_3_metre_springboard", 'summary': "The men 's 3 metre springboard , also known as the fancy diving competition , was one of two diving events on the Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme , along with the men 's 10 metre platform . The competition was actually held from both 3 metre and 1 metre boards . Divers performed a running plain dive and a running forward somersault from the 1 metre board , a one-and-a-half somersault and a backward spring and forward dive from the 3 metre board , and three dives of the competitor 's choice from the 3 metre board . The competition was held on Tuesday 14 and Saturday 18 July 1908 . Twenty-three divers from eight nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bernhard von Gaza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernhard_von_Gaza', 'summary': 'Bernhard von Gaza ( 6 May 1881 - 25 September 1917 ) was a German rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . He won a bronze medal in single sculls . He was killed in action during World War I at the Menin Road Ridge .'}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four rowing events were contested , all for men only . Races were held at Henley-on-Thames . The competitions were held from 28 to 31 July . There was one fewer event in 1908 than 1904 , after the double sculls was dropped from the programme . Hungary and Norway competed in rowing for the first time , along with six other nations .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's single sculls", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_single_sculls", 'summary': "The men 's single sculls was one of four rowing events on the Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Nine rowers from six nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willy Düskow , Martin Stahnke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willy_Düskow', 'summary': "Willy Düskow was a German rower he won the bronze medal in the men 's coxless pair along with Martin Stahnke in the 1908 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martin_Stahnke', 'summary': "Martin Stahnke ( 11 November 1888 in Briesen - 28 February 1969 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German rower . He won the bronze medal in the men 's coxless pair , along with Willy Düskow in the 1908 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four rowing events were contested , all for men only . Races were held at Henley-on-Thames . The competitions were held from 28 to 31 July . There was one fewer event in 1908 than 1904 , after the double sculls was dropped from the programme . Hungary and Norway competed in rowing for the first time , along with six other nations .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's coxless pair", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_coxless_pair", 'summary': "The men 's coxless pairs was one of four rowing events on the Rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Four pairs from three nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': 'Further information : 1908 Summer Olympics medal table and List of 1908 Summer Olympics medal winners', 'uid': 'Germany_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Germany competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.'}
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What is the name of the oldest member of a team that won a medal in sport that was held for men only ?
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Hermann Martens
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02cce825cfcddf98
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nature_centers_in_Tennessee', 'title': 'List of nature centers in Tennessee', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'County', 'Region', 'Summary'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bays Mountain Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bays_Mountain_Park', 'summary': 'Bays Mountain Park is a 3,550 acres ( 14.4 km2 ) nature park and planetarium located on Bays Mountain in Kingsport , Tennessee , featuring cross-cut viewing sections of beaver dams , bee hives , cave systems , and more . The park features a nature center and outdoor native animal displays including a bobcat , raptor center , river otters , a waterfowl aviary , wolf pen and free-roaming white-tail deer . Wolf howling sessions are held regularly , where people are allowed to howl with the wolves , spurring the wolves into howling even more . There is also a herpetarium with snakes and amphibians . The Steadman Heritage Farmstead Museum is a 19th-century period living history farm museum . One popular activity is called the Barge Ride . This attraction features a ride through the Bays Mountain Reservoir on a pontoon boat while learning about the nature around you . The park also features a freeze-drying laboratory where animals of the region who die of natural causes are preserved for everyone to examine up close . Other activities include hiking , orienteering , mountain biking , camping and fishing . There is also an adventure course with a zip line .'}]}, {'value': 'Kingsport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingsport,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee ; most of the city is in Sullivan County and the city is the largest in both counties , but is the county seat of neither . As of the 2010 census the population was 48,205 ; as of 2018 the estimated population was 54,076 . Kingsport is the largest city in the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol , TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , which had a population of 309,544 as of 2010 . The Metropolitan Statistical Area is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol , TN-VA Combined Statistical Area - commonly known as the Tri-Cities region . Census data from 2006-2008 for the Tri-Cities Combined Statistical Area estimates a population of 496,454 . Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the Mountain Empire , which spans a portion of southwest Virginia and the mountainous counties in northeastern Tennessee . The name Kingsport is a simplification of King 's Port , originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King 's Boat Yard , the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley ."}]}, {'value': 'Sullivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 156,823 . Its county seat is Blountville . Sullivan County is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol , TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol , TN-VA Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Tri-Cities region . Sullivan is Tennessee 's second-oldest county ; it was established in 1779 when the area was still part of North Carolina . It was part of the extra-legal State of Franklin from 1784 to 1788 ."}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,550-acre nature preserve and city-owned park , features 44-acre lake , a nature center with a planetarium theater , animal exhibits , and an adventure ropes course', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beaman Park Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nashville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Nashville is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee . The city is the county seat of Davidson County and is located on the Cumberland River . The city 's population ranks 24th in the U.S. Named for Francis Nash , a general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War , the city was founded in 1779 . The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and , in the 19th century , a railroad center . Nashville seceded with Tennessee during the American Civil War ; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to fall to Union troops . After the war , the city reclaimed its position and developed a manufacturing base . Since 1963 , Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government , which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system . The city is governed by a mayor , a vice-mayor , and a 40-member metropolitan council ; 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts , while the other five are elected at-large . Reflecting the city 's position in state government , Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court 's courthouse for Middle Tennessee , one of the three divisions . Nashville is a center for the music , healthcare , publishing , private prison , banking , and transportation industries . It is home to numerous colleges and universities , such as Tennessee State University , Vanderbilt University , Belmont University , Fisk University , Trevecca Nazarene University , and Lipscomb University . Entities with headquarters in the city include Asurion , Bridgestone Americas , Captain D 's , CoreCivic , Dollar General , Hospital Corporation of America , LifeWay Christian Resources , Logan 's Roadhouse , and Ryman Hospitality Properties ."}]}, {'value': 'Davidson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davidson_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Davidson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 626,681 , making it the second-most populous county in Tennessee , after Shelby County . Its county seat is Nashville , the state capital . In 1963 , the City of Nashville and the Davidson County government merged , so the county government is now known as the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County , or Metro Nashville for short . Davidson County has the largest population in the 13-county Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin Metropolitan Statistical Area . Nashville has always been the region 's center of commerce , industry , transportation , and culture , but it did not become the capital of Tennessee until 1827 and did not gain permanent capital status until 1843 ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Middle Tennessee is a distinct portion of the state of Tennessee , delineated according to state law as the 41 counties in the Middle Grand Division of Tennessee .'}]}, {'value': 'website , operated by the City , over 1,700 acres', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bells Bend Outdoor Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nashville', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davidson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , 808 acres , operated by the City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowie Nature Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairview', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairview,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Fairview is a city located in Williamson County , Tennessee . It is part of the Nashville metropolitan area . The population was 7,720 at the 2010 census , which was a 33.1% increase in population from the 2000 census . In the communities just outside Fairview , there are an additional 4,100 people , for a total of over 11,000 people living within the Fairview area . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Williamson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williamson_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Williamson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 205,226 . The county seat is Franklin . The county is named after Hugh Williamson , a North Carolina politician who signed the U.S. Constitution . Adjusted for relative cost of living , Williamson County is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States . Williamson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson - Murfreesboro - Franklin , TN Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , over 700 acres , operated by the City , includes a nature center with exhibits and art , Monkey Treehouse playground , outdoor classroom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cedars of Lebanon State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedars_of_Lebanon_State_Park', 'summary': "Cedars of Lebanon State Park is a state park in Wilson County , Tennessee , in the southeastern United States . It consists of 900 acres ( 364 ha ) situated amidst the 9,420-acre ( 3,810 ha ) Cedars of Lebanon State Forest . The park and forest are approximately 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of Lebanon , Tennessee . Cedars of Lebanon State Forest is known for its cedar glades , a unique type of ecosystem that has adapted to the thin ( or nonexistent ) soil layers that often occur in the eastern Central Basin . These glades are typically flanked by thick stands of red cedar , a type of juniper tree that can survive in soil layers too thin to support most large wooded plants . The presence of the red cedar in the basin reminded the region 's early Euro-American settlers of the Lebanese cedar forests of Biblical fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanon,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Lebanon /ˈlɛbnən/ is the county seat of Wilson County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 26,190 at the 2010 census and an estimated 35,050 in 2018 . Lebanon is located in Middle Tennessee , approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of downtown Nashville . Lebanon is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilson_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Wilson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 113,993 . Its county seat is Lebanon . The largest city is Mt . Juliet . Wilson County is part of the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin , TN Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '900 acres , features the Merritt Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Discovery Center at Murfree Spring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Discovery_Center_at_Murfree_Spring', 'summary': "The Discovery Center is a children 's museum , nature center and wetlands boardwalk near downtown Murfreesboro , Tennessee . Exhibits include themed exploration areas for town life , science , trains , cars , a fire engine and farmers market . There are live animals on display , an outdoor nature play area , and trails through the wetlands ."}]}, {'value': 'Murfreesboro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Murfreesboro is a city in , and the county seat of , Rutherford County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 108,755 according to the 2010 census , up from 68,816 residents certified in 2000 . In 2018 , census estimates showed a population of 141,344 . Murfreesboro is located in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee , 34 miles ( 55 km ) southeast of downtown Nashville , and is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth largest city in Tennessee . The city is home to both the center of population of Tennessee and the geographic center of Tennessee . Since the 1990s , Murfreesboro has been Tennessee 's fastest growing major city and one of the fastest growing cities in the country . Murfreesboro is also home to Middle Tennessee State University , the second largest undergraduate university in the state of Tennessee , with 22,729 total students as of fall 2014 . In 2006 , Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 84th best place to live in the United States , out of 745 cities with a population over 50,000 . In 2018 , Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 19th best place to live in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Rutherford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutherford_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . It is located in Middle Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 262,604 , growing to an estimated 324,890 in 2018 , making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee . Its county seat is Murfreesboro , which is also the geographic center of Tennessee . As of 2010 , it is the center of population of Tennessee . Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin , TN Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': "20 acres of wetlands , children 's museum with themes of the arts , culture , science , health and the environment", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fall Creek Falls State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fall_Creek_Falls_State_Park', 'summary': "Fall Creek Falls State Resort Park is a state park in Van Buren and Bledsoe counties , in the U.S. state of Tennessee . The over 26,000-acre ( 110 km2 ) park is centered on the upper Cane Creek Gorge , an area known for its unique geological formations and scenic waterfalls . The park 's namesake is the 256-foot ( 78 m ) Fall Creek Falls , the highest free-fall waterfall east of the Mississippi River ."}]}, {'value': 'Pikeville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pikeville,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Pikeville is a city in Bledsoe County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 1,608 at the 2010 census . It is also the county seat of Bledsoe County .'}]}, {'value': 'Bledsoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bledsoe_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Bledsoe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 12,876 . Its county seat is Pikeville .'}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Tennessee', 'summary': "East Tennessee comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee , one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law . East Tennessee consists of 33 counties , 30 located within the Eastern Time Zone and three counties in the Central Time Zone , namely Bledsoe , Cumberland , and Marion . East Tennessee is entirely located within the Appalachian Mountains , although the landforms range from densely forested 6,000-foot ( 1,800 m ) mountains to broad river valleys . The region contains the major cities of Knoxville , Chattanooga , and Johnson City , Tennessee 's third , fourth , and ninth largest cities , respectively . East Tennessee is both geographically and culturally part of Appalachia , and has been included - along with Western North Carolina , North Georgia , Eastern Kentucky , Southwest Virginia , and the state of West Virginia - in every major definition of the Appalachian region since the early 20th century . East Tennessee is home to the nation 's most visited national park - the Great Smoky Mountains National Park - and hundreds of smaller recreational areas . East Tennessee is often called the birthplace of country music , due largely to the 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol , and throughout the 20th and 21st centuries has produced a steady stream of musicians of national and international fame . Oak Ridge was the site of the world 's first successful uranium enrichment operations which paved the way for the atomic age . The Tennessee Valley Authority , created to spur economic development and help modernize the region 's economy and society , has its administrative operations headquartered in Knoxville and its power operations headquartered in Chattanooga ."}]}, {'value': 'Over 25,000 acres , Betty Dunn Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Townsend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Townsend,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Townsend is a city in Blount County , Tennessee , in the southeastern United States . The population was 244 at the 2000 census and 448 at the 2010 census . For thousands of years a site of Native American occupation by varying cultures , Townsend is one of three gateways to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park . It has several museums and attractions relating to the natural and human history of the Great Smokies . Identifying as The Peaceful Side of the Smokies , Townsend has the least traffic of the three main entrances to the national park . The park 's other two entrances - one just south of Gatlinburg , Tennessee , and the other just north of Cherokee , North Carolina - are home to multiple commercial attractions that draw millions of tourists annually . Townsend is low-key , with a handful of inexpensive restaurants and motels and several businesses geared toward outdoor sports , and a world-renowned horse show ."}]}, {'value': 'Blount', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Blount County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 123,010 . It had an estimated population of 131,349 in 2018 . The county seat is Maryville , which is also the county 's largest city . Blount County is included in the Knoxville , TN Metropolitan Statistical Area ."}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , residential environmental learning center in Great Smoky Mountains National Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park', 'summary': 'Great Smoky Mountains National Park is an American national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site that straddles the ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains , part of the Blue Ridge Mountains , which are a division of the larger Appalachian Mountain chain . The border between Tennessee and North Carolina runs northeast to southwest through the centerline of the park . Great Smoky Mountains is the most visited national park in the United States with over 11.3 million recreational visitors in 2016 . The Appalachian Trail passes through the center of the park on its route from Maine to Georgia . The park was chartered by the United States Congress in 1934 and officially dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ijams Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knoxville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Knoxville is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee , and the county seat of Knox County . As of the 2010 census , the city has a population of 178,874 , and is Tennessee 's third largest city after Nashville and Memphis . Knoxville is the principal city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area , which was 868,546 in 2015 . First settled in 1786 , Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee . The city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century . The arrival of the railroad in 1855 led to an economic boom . During the Civil War , the city was bitterly divided over the secession issue , and was occupied alternately by both Confederate and Union armies . Following the war , Knoxville grew rapidly as a major wholesaling and manufacturing center . The city 's economy stagnated after the 1920s as the manufacturing sector collapsed , the downtown area declined and city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights . Hosting the 1982 World 's Fair helped reinvigorate the city , and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city , especially the downtown area . Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee , whose sports teams , the Tennessee Volunteers , are popular in the surrounding area . Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority , the Tennessee Supreme Court 's courthouse for East Tennessee , and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Knox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knox_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 432,226 , making it the third-most populous county in Tennessee , and the 153rd-most populous county or county-equivalent in the nation . Its county seat is Knoxville , the third-most populous city in Tennessee . Knox County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area . The county is at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee . Near the heart of the county is the origin of the Tennessee River at the union of the Holston and French Broad rivers .'}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , 300 acres , partly supported by the City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lichterman Nature Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lichterman_Nature_Center', 'summary': 'Lichterman Nature Center is a certified arboretum and nature center located in East Memphis , Tennessee . It has many outdoor and indoor animal exhibits , as well as several activities and events . The Lichterman Nature Center is one of the facilities within the Pink Palace Family of Museums .'}]}, {'value': 'Memphis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in southwestern Shelby County , Tennessee , United States . The 2018 city population was 650,618 , making Memphis the largest city on the Mississippi River , the second most populous city in Tennessee , as well as the 26th largest city in the United States . Greater Memphis is the 42nd largest metropolitan area in the United States , with a population of 1,348,260 in 2017 . The city is the anchor of West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region , which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas and Mississippi . Memphis is the seat of Shelby County , the most populous county in Tennessee . As one of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the southern United States , the city features a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods . The first European explorer to visit the area of present-day Memphis was Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto in 1541 with his expedition into the New World . The high Chickasaw Bluffs protecting the location from the waters of the Mississippi would then be contested between the Spanish , French , and the English as Memphis took shape . Modern Memphis was founded in 1819 by three prominent Americans : John Overton , James Winchester , and future president Andrew Jackson . Memphis grew into one of the largest cities of the Antebellum South as a market for agricultural goods , natural resources like lumber , and the American slave trade . After the American Civil War and the end of slavery , the city experienced even faster growth into the 20th century as it became among the largest world markets for cotton and lumber . Home to Tennessee 's largest African-American population , Memphis played a prominent role in the American civil rights movement and was the site of Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. 's 1968 assassination ."}]}, {'value': 'Shelby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 927,644 . It is the state 's largest county both in terms of population and geographic area . Its county seat is Memphis , a port on the Mississippi River and the second most populous city in Tennessee . The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby ( 1750-1826 ) of Kentucky . Shelby County is part of the Memphis , TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River . Located within the Mississippi Delta , the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era , and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into the 20th century . The economy has become more diversified ."}]}, {'value': 'West Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Tennessee', 'summary': "West Tennessee is one of the three major regions ( called Grand Divisions ) of the state of Tennessee . The region includes 21 counties west of the Tennessee River . It consists primarily of flat lands that have rich soil and vast floodplain areas for the Mississippi River . Of the three regions , West Tennessee is the most sharply defined geographically . [ citation needed ] It is bounded by the Mississippi River and the western Tennessee River Valley and is the lowest-lying of the three divisions . This region 's boundaries have been expanded slightly to include all of Hardin County , which is bisected by the Tennessee River . [ citation needed ] The states of Kentucky and Mississippi provide the respective northern and southern boundaries , with the exception of a portion of Lauderdale County , Alabama , which lies southeast of Hardin County . As part of the Mississippi River basin , West Tennessee enjoys rich soil that led to large-scale cotton farming during the antebellum period and remains agriculturally significant today . The Grand Divisions , consisting of West Tennessee , Middle Tennessee , and East Tennessee , are also legally distinct . The earliest mention of this comes in the 1835-36 Acts of Tennessee , which states that the Supreme Court would hold one session each year in East Tennessee ( Knoxville ) , Middle Tennessee ( Nashville ) , and West Tennessee ( Jackson ) . According to the State Constitution , no more than two of the Tennessee Supreme Court 's five Justices can be residents of any one Grand Division and the Supreme Court rotates meeting in courthouses in each of the three divisions . The Supreme Court building for West Tennessee is in Jackson , Tennessee ."}]}, {'value': '65 acres , certified arboretum and nature center , part of the Pink Palace Family of Museums', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pink_Palace_Family_of_Museums', 'summary': 'The Pink Palace Family of Museums is a group of museums maintained by the City of Memphis and Memphis Museums , Inc . The Pink Palace Family of Museums display collections of historical , educational , and technological significance . The following museums are part of the Pink Palace Family of Museums :'}]}, {'value': 'Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meeman-Shelby_Forest_State_Park', 'summary': "Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park is a state park in Shelby County , Tennessee near Memphis , Tennessee , located in the Southeastern United States . The park borders the Mississippi River and contains two lakes - Poplar Tree Lake and Lake Piersol . The Meeman Museum and Nature Center - named for conservationist and journalist Edward J. Meeman , the former editor of the Memphis Press-Scimitar , - is located on the park 's grounds . The park covers 12,539 acres ( 50.74 km2 ) and is the most visited state park in Tennessee . The unincorporated community Shelby Forest is adjacent to the park ."}]}, {'value': 'Millington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Millington,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Millington is a city in Shelby County , Tennessee , United States . As of the 2010 census , it had a population of 10,176 . Millington was granted the title Flag City Tennessee by the Tennessee State Legislature . The Naval Support Activity Mid-South is located at the former Memphis Naval Air Station , which was changed functions from a training base to an administrative one in 1993 . There is also a general aviation airport that features the third longest runway in Tennessee .'}]}, {'value': 'Shelby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 927,644 . It is the state 's largest county both in terms of population and geographic area . Its county seat is Memphis , a port on the Mississippi River and the second most populous city in Tennessee . The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby ( 1750-1826 ) of Kentucky . Shelby County is part of the Memphis , TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River . Located within the Mississippi Delta , the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era , and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into the 20th century . The economy has become more diversified ."}]}, {'value': 'West Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,467 acres , features the Meeman Museum and Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Owl 's Hill Nature Center", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Owl's_Hill_Nature_Center", 'summary': "The Owl 's Hill Nature Sanctuary is a 160-acre ( 0.6 km2 ) wildlife sanctuary in northwestern Williamson County , Tennessee . Fossil traces in Ordovician limestone and 300-year-old giant trees , vestiges of the great eastern deciduous forest that once covered Tennessee , are important collections on the site , as are pioneer trees and seasonal wildflowers . The ponds and wetlands provide valuable amphibian habitat , home to more than a dozen species . 125 species of birds have been recorded on site through population surveys performed by the National Audubon Society . Nearly all mammals native to Middle Tennessee are in residence at Owls Hill . In 1990 , an ambitious Master Plan was adopted to restore the natural habitat by overcoming almost a century of farm usage . First , wildlife conditions were improved through removal of several miles of wire fencing ; water sources were improved and added ; old orchard trees were pruned to restore their productivity . Increases in both predator and prey populations indicate that a healthy ecosystem is now evolving . The second phase included the construction of a trail system , teaching platforms , and remodeling of the visitor center to enhance environmental education programming . Finally , in 2007 , the Sanctuary initiated an exotic plant removal project . Native trees , shrubs , wildflowers and grasses are being reintroduced . Emphasis in all these areas continues to expand with current efforts directed at preserving the land surrounding the sanctuary against encroaching development ."}]}, {'value': 'Brentwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brentwood,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Brentwood is a suburb of Nashville , Tennessee , located in Williamson County , part of Middle Tennessee . The population was 37,060 as of the 2010 U.S. Census , and estimated at 42,505 in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Williamson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160 acres , open to individuals and groups on a reservation basis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reelfoot Lake State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reelfoot_Lake_State_Park', 'summary': 'Reelfoot Lake State Park is a state park in the northwest corner of Tennessee in the United States . It encompasses Reelfoot Lake and is situated in Lake and Obion counties . A major hunting and fishing preserve , it comprises 25,000 acres ( 100 km2 ) , 15,000 acres ( 61 km2 ) of which are water , and harbors almost every kind of shorebird , as well as the golden and American bald eagles . Other animals are also diverse and abundant . The many species of flowering and non-flowering plants attract botany enthusiasts from all over the country . Baldcypress dominates the margins of the lake , but many other trees and shrubs are also present .'}]}, {'value': 'Tiptonville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiptonville,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Tiptonville is a town in and the county seat of Lake County , Tennessee , United States . Its population was 2,439 as of the 2000 census and 4,464 in 2010 , showing an increase of 2,025 . It is also home to the Northwest Correctional Complex , a maximum security prison , known for once housing mass murderer Jessie Dotson .'}]}, {'value': 'Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Lake County is a county located in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 7,832 , making it the fifth-least populous county in Tennessee . Its county seat is Tiptonville . It shares a border with Kentucky to the north and is separated from Missouri to the west by the Mississippi River . Reelfoot Lake , formed after the Madrid earthquakes in the early 19th century , occupies much of the northern part of the county . Issues of control of the lake and the development of cotton plantations in this part of the county resulted in violence by local farmers against corporate owners in 1908 ; the state called in the militia to suppress night riding . Reelfoot Lake and surrounding property were finally acquired by the state beginning in 1914 . It is now within the Reelfoot Lake State Park and preserved for public use .'}]}, {'value': 'West Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '280 acres broken into 10 segments , features the R.C . Donaldson Memorial Museum , a natural history museum and nature center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reflection_Riding_Arboretum_and_Nature_Center', 'summary': 'Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center ( 317 acres ) is a nonprofit arboretum , botanical garden , nature center and historical site located at 400 Garden Road , Chattanooga , Tennessee . The facility includes the 317-acre arboretum , 15 miles of trails , live animals indoor and outdoors , and a treehouse . The nature center participates in the endangered Red Wolf Species Survival Plan or SSP , breeding red wolves in captivity .'}]}, {'value': 'Chattanooga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Chattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County , Tennessee , along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia . With an estimated population of 180,557 in 2017 , it is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee , along with Knoxville . Served by multiple railroads and Interstate highways , Chattanooga is a transit hub . Chattanooga lies 118 miles ( 190 km ) northwest of Atlanta , Georgia , 112 miles ( 180 km ) southwest of Knoxville , Tennessee , 134 miles ( 216 km ) southeast of Nashville , Tennessee , 102 miles ( 164 km ) east-northeast of Huntsville , Alabama , and 147 miles ( 237 km ) northeast of Birmingham , Alabama . The Chattanooga metropolitan statistical area is the fourth largest in Tennessee and the city of Chattanooga anchors a three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee , Northwest Georgia , and Northeast Alabama . Major industry driving the economy includes automotive , advanced manufacturing , food and beverage production , healthcare , insurance , tourism , and back office and corporate headquarters . The city , with a downtown elevation of about 680 feet ( 210 m ) , is at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau . Its official nickname is Scenic City , alluding to the surrounding by mountains and ridges . Unofficial nicknames include River City , Chatt , Nooga , Chattown , and Gig City , the latter a reference to Chattanooga 's claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere . Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song Chattanooga Choo Choo by Glenn Miller and his orchestra . Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ( UTC ) and Chattanooga State Community College ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Hamilton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . It is located in East Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 336,463 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Tennessee . Its county seat is Chattanooga . The county was named for Alexander Hamilton , the first Secretary of the Treasury . Hamilton County is one of 95 counties within the state of Tennessee . Hamilton County is the fourth most populated county in Tennessee and has continued to grow in recent years . Hamilton County is part of the Chattanooga , TN-GA Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county was created on October 25 , 1819 . Hamilton county extended to the state line after absorbing parts of three different counties including Bledsoe , Marion , and Rhea . The county 's creation was the result of a treaty signed with the Cherokee Indians in 1817 . Hamilton County is the eighth-highest income Tennessee location by per capita income ( $ 26,588 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '317-acre arboretum , 15 miles of trails , live animals indoor and outdoor , treehouse , formerly the Chattanooga Arboretum & Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steele Creek Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bristol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bristol,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Bristol is a city in Sullivan County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 26,702 at the 2010 census . It is the twin city of Bristol , Virginia , which lies directly across the state line between Tennessee and Virginia . The boundary between the two cities is also the state line , which runs along State Street in their common downtown district . Bristol is a principal city of the Kingsport−Bristol−Bristol , TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is a component of the Johnson City−Kingsport−Bristol , TN-VA Combined Statistical Area − commonly known as the Tri-Cities region . Bristol is probably best known for being the site of some of the first commercial recordings of country music , showcasing Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family , and later a favorite venue of the mountain musician Uncle Charlie Osborne . The U.S. Congress recognized Bristol as the Birthplace of Country Music in 1998 , and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum is located in Bristol . Bristol is the birthplace of Tennessee Ernie Ford . Bristol is also the site of Bristol Motor Speedway , a NASCAR short track that is one of the most well-known motorsports facilities in the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Sullivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 156,823 . Its county seat is Blountville . Sullivan County is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol , TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol , TN-VA Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Tri-Cities region . Sullivan is Tennessee 's second-oldest county ; it was established in 1779 when the area was still part of North Carolina . It was part of the extra-legal State of Franklin from 1784 to 1788 ."}]}, {'value': 'East Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , over 2,200 acres , operated by the City , includes a nature center , golf course , 54 acre lake , 21 miles of trails', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelby Bottoms Nature Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nashville', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davidson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'website , 950 acres of Shelby Bottoms Greenway and 336 acres of adjacent Shelby Park , operated by the City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. O. Fuller State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T._O._Fuller_State_Park', 'summary': 'T.O . Fuller State Park is a state park in the city of Memphis , Tennessee , USA . It consists of 1,138 acres ( 461 ha ) of mostly forest located in South Memphis on Mitchell Road . It is the only state park within the city limits and is suitable for wildlife . The park is named in honor of Dr. Thomas O. Fuller , who spent his life empowering and educating African Americans . The park facilities were originally built for the use of African Americans in the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) . It was the second state park in the USA that was open to African Americans . CCC camp number 1464-SP-10 , which was composed of African Americans , initiated construction of the park facilities in 1938 . During excavation for a proposed swimming pool in 1940 , CCC workers unearthed evidence of a prehistoric village . The site has since been developed as Chucalissa Indian Village and includes a village , preserved archeological excavations and the C.H . Nash Museum at Chucalissa .'}]}, {'value': 'Memphis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelby', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,138 acres , seasonal nature center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warner Park Nature Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warner_Parks', 'summary': "Edwin Warner Park and Percy Warner Park , collectively known as Warner Parks , are two major public parks in Nashville , Tennessee . They are part of the park system managed by the Metropolitan Board of Parks and Recreation of Nashville and Davidson County . Percy Warner Park 's front entrance is located at the end of Belle Meade Boulevard . The parks are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Warner Park Historic District . The district is primarily within Nashville along the southern edge of Davidson County , Tennessee , but it extends into Williamson County , Tennessee as well . The two parks are adjacent to each other , separated by Old Hickory Boulevard , and are located approximately 9 mi ( 14 km ) from downtown Nashville . They are bounded on the northwest by Tennessee State Route 100 , on the east and north by Chickering Road , and partially on the south by Old Hickory Blvd . and Vaughn Road . The two parks cover 2,684 acres ( 1,086.2 ha ) , making the combined parks the second largest municipal park in the state ( after Shelby Farms Park in Memphis which is 4,500 acres ) . The parks offer a variety of activities , including hiking trails , cross country courses , and an equestrian center . Through funds raised by Friends of Warner Parks , the Warner Parks system added 448 acres in late 2014 , expanding the park to more than 3,000 acres . Two properties were purchased for this expansion to enhance the park resources , including the 225-acre Burch Reserve with wooded hills and an old-growth forest previously owned by H. G. Hill Realty ."}]}, {'value': 'Nashville', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davidson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,684 acres , operated by the City', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'See also : List of nature centers in the United States This is a list of nature centers and environmental education centers in the state of Tennessee . To use the sortable tables : click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order ; click again for reverse alphabetical order .', 'uid': 'List_of_nature_centers_in_Tennessee_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of nature centers and environmental education centers in the state of Tennessee. To use the sortable tables: click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order; click again for reverse alphabetical order.'}
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Where is the park built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the Great Depression located ?
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Memphis
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri', 'title': 'Kansas City, Missouri', 'header': ['Club', 'Sport', 'Founded', 'League', 'Venue'], 'data': [{'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs', 'summary': "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . ( It is not associated with the NFL Dallas Texans . ) In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City and assumed its current name . The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . The team is valued at over $ 2 billion . Hunt 's son , Clark , serves as chairman and CEO . While Hunt 's ownership stakes passed collectively to his widow and children after his death in 2006 , Clark is the operating head of the franchise ; he represents the Chiefs at all league meetings and has ultimate authority on personnel changes . The Chiefs have won three AFL championships , in 1962 , 1966 , and 1969 . They became the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to defeat an NFL team in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game , when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV . The team 's victory on January 11 , 1970 , was the final such competition before the leagues ' merger went into full effect ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}]}, {'value': '1960 ( as the Dallas Texans ) 1963 ( as Kansas City Chiefs )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Football_League', 'summary': "The National Football League ( NFL ) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams , divided equally between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America and the highest professional level of American football in the world . The NFL 's 17-week regular season runs from early September to late December , with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week . Following the conclusion of the regular season , six teams from each conference ( four division winners and two wild card teams ) advance to the playoffs , a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl , which is usually held on the first Sunday in February and is played between the champions of the NFC and AFC . The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season . After initially determining champions through end-of-season standings , a playoff system was implemented in 1933 that culminated with the NFL Championship Game until 1966 . Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the American Football League ( AFL ) , the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 . Today , the NFL has the highest average attendance ( 67,591 ) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States . The Super Bowl is also among the biggest club sporting events in the world , with the individual games accounting for many of the most watched television programs in American history and all occupying the Nielsen 's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015 . The Green Bay Packers hold the most combined NFL championships with 13 , winning nine titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowls afterwards . Since the creation of the Super Bowl , the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots both have the most championship titles at six ."}]}, {'value': 'Arrowhead Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrowhead_Stadium', 'summary': 'Arrowhead Stadium is an American football stadium in Kansas City , Missouri , United States . It primarily serves as the home venue of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League ( NFL ) . It is part of the Truman Sports Complex with adjacent Kauffman Stadium , the home of the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Arrowhead Stadium has a seating capacity of 76,416 , making it the 27th largest stadium in the United States and the sixth largest NFL stadium . It is also the largest sports facility by capacity in the state of Missouri . A $ 375 million renovation was completed in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals', 'summary': "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major League Baseball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Baseball', 'summary': "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ."}]}, {'value': 'Kauffman Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kauffman_Stadium', 'summary': "Kauffman Stadium ( /ˈkɔːfmən/ ) , often called The K , is a baseball park located in Kansas City , Missouri , that is home to the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . It is part of the Truman Sports Complex together with the adjacent Arrowhead Stadium , home of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League . The ballpark is named for Ewing Kauffman , the founder and first owner of the Royals . It opened in 1973 as Royals Stadium and was named for Kauffman on July 2 , 1993 . The ballpark 's listed seating capacity since 2009 is 37,903 . Kauffman Stadium was built specifically for baseball during an era when building multisport cookie-cutter stadiums was commonplace . It is often held up along with Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles as one of the best examples of modernist stadium design . It is currently the only ballpark in the American League to be named after a person and is also one of ten stadiums in Major League Baseball that does not have a corporate-sponsored name . The stadium is the sixth-oldest stadium in Major League Baseball and has hosted the 1973 and the 2012 MLB All-Star Games , along with Royals home games during the 1980 , 1985 , 2014 , and 2015 World Series . Between 2007 and 2009 , Kauffman Stadium underwent a $ 250 million renovation , which included updates and upgrades in fan amenities , a new Royals hall of fame area , and other updates throughout the facility ."}]}, {'value': 'Sporting Kansas City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Soccer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major League Soccer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Soccer', 'summary': "Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport 's highest level in the United States and Canada . The league comprises 26 teams - 23 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries . The league plans to expand to 30 teams with the additions of Austin FC and Charlotte in 2021 , then Sacramento Republic FC and a St. Louis franchise in 2022 . The regular season starts in late February or early March and goes through mid-October , with each team playing 34 games ; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters ' Shield . Fourteen teams compete in the postseason MLS Cup Playoffs through October and November , culminating in the championship game , the MLS Cup . MLS teams also play in domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U.S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship . MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League . With an average attendance of over 20,000 per game , MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S. after the National Football League ( NFL ) and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide . Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States ' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams . MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years : the league lost millions of dollars , teams played in mostly empty American football stadiums , and two teams folded in 2002 . Since then , MLS has expanded to 26 teams , soccer-specific stadiums have proliferated around the league , average attendance exceeds that of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , the Designated Player Rule allows teams to sign star players such as David Beckham , MLS secured national TV contracts , and the league is now profitable ."}]}, {'value': "Children 's Mercy Park ( Kansas City , Kansas )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Children's_Mercy_Park", 'summary': "Children 's Mercy Park is a soccer-specific stadium in Kansas City , Kansas , United States , and is the home of Sporting Kansas City . The stadium is located near Kansas Speedway , on the far west side of Wyandotte County , near the Johnson County , and Leavenworth County Kansas borders , and it opened during the 2011 season of Major League Soccer on June 9 , 2011 with a match against the Chicago Fire . The stadium has a seating capacity of 18,467 seats , which can expand to 25,000 for concerts . Most SKC games attract around 21,000 because of different stadium modes . The stadium is Sporting Kansas City 's third home venue ; then known as the Kansas City Wizards , the team played in Arrowhead Stadium from 1996 to 2007 and CommunityAmerica Ballpark from 2008 to 2010 . In 2013 , the stadium hosted the MLS All-Star Game , the United States men 's national soccer team , and the MLS Cup , three of the most prestigious matches in the United States , and is the only stadium to host all three in the same year . Since 2019 the stadium has hosted the Kansas Jayhawks football team for national signing day ceremonies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Kansas City , abbreviated as KCK , is the third-largest city in the State of Kansas , the county seat of Wyandotte County , and the third-largest city of the Kansas City metropolitan area . It is situated at Kaw Point , which is the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers . It borders Johnson County , Kansas to the south and Kansas City , Missouri'}]}, {'value': 'Swope Park Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swope_Park_Rangers', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City II are a USL Championship club affiliated with Sporting Kansas City of Major League Soccer . SKC II play their home games at Children 's Mercy Park in Kansas City , Kansas . They were formerly known as the Swope Park Rangers ."}]}, {'value': 'Soccer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USL Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USL_Championship', 'summary': "The USL Championship ( USLC ) , is a professional men 's soccer league in the United States that began its inaugural season in 2011 . The USL is sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation ( U.S. Soccer ) as a Division II Professional League since 2017 , placing it under Major League Soccer ( Division I ) in the hierarchy . The USL is headquartered in Tampa , Florida . The league is owned and operated by United Soccer League ( originally United Soccer Leagues ) and was formed as result of the merger of their USL First ( USL-1 ) and Second Divisions ( USL-2 ) , following the controversial 2010 season which saw neither the USL-1 nor the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) receive Division II sanctioning from the USSF , resulting in the temporary USSF Division 2 Pro League . United Soccer Leagues stated that the merger would strengthen the league 's position within the American professional soccer landscape through stability , commercial growth and the professional development of soccer in four main regions throughout the United States and Canada . Formerly known as United Soccer League ( USL ) and USL Pro , in January 2013 , United Soccer Leagues and MLS reached an agreement to integrate the USL league competition with the MLS Reserve League , primarily to improve player development in North America , strengthen league competition and build ties between leagues in the American soccer pyramid . This multi-year deal encourages MLS and USL team affiliations and player loans , aiming to have more games for teams and developing players . As of the 2020 season , 14 USL Championship teams are affiliated to MLS teams . Most teams have an affiliate in either the USL Championship or third-level USL League One ( USL1 ) , but Columbus Crew SC , FC Cincinnati , Los Angeles FC , Montreal Impact , Nashville SC , and Vancouver Whitecaps FC have no affiliated team in these leagues ."}]}, {'value': "Children 's Mercy Park ( Kansas City , Kansas )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Children's_Mercy_Park", 'summary': "Children 's Mercy Park is a soccer-specific stadium in Kansas City , Kansas , United States , and is the home of Sporting Kansas City . The stadium is located near Kansas Speedway , on the far west side of Wyandotte County , near the Johnson County , and Leavenworth County Kansas borders , and it opened during the 2011 season of Major League Soccer on June 9 , 2011 with a match against the Chicago Fire . The stadium has a seating capacity of 18,467 seats , which can expand to 25,000 for concerts . Most SKC games attract around 21,000 because of different stadium modes . The stadium is Sporting Kansas City 's third home venue ; then known as the Kansas City Wizards , the team played in Arrowhead Stadium from 1996 to 2007 and CommunityAmerica Ballpark from 2008 to 2010 . In 2013 , the stadium hosted the MLS All-Star Game , the United States men 's national soccer team , and the MLS Cup , three of the most prestigious matches in the United States , and is the only stadium to host all three in the same year . Since 2019 the stadium has hosted the Kansas Jayhawks football team for national signing day ceremonies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Kansas City , abbreviated as KCK , is the third-largest city in the State of Kansas , the county seat of Wyandotte County , and the third-largest city of the Kansas City metropolitan area . It is situated at Kaw Point , which is the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers . It borders Johnson County , Kansas to the south and Kansas City , Missouri'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Mavericks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Mavericks', 'summary': 'The Kansas City Mavericks are an ice hockey team in the ECHL . Founded in 2009 as the Missouri Mavericks , the team plays in Independence , Missouri , a suburb of Kansas City , Missouri , at the Silverstein Eye Centers Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ice_hockey', 'summary': "Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice , usually in a rink , in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent 's net to score goals . The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical , with teams usually fielding six players at a time : one goaltender , and five players who skate the span of the ice trying to control the puck and score goals against the opposing team . Ice hockey is most popular in Canada , central and eastern Europe , the Nordic countries , Russia , and the United States . Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada . In addition , ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Finland , Latvia , Russia , Slovakia , Sweden , and Switzerland . North America 's National Hockey League ( NHL ) is the highest level for men 's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe . The International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey , with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking . Worldwide , there are ice hockey federations in 76 countries . In Canada , the United States , Nordic countries , and some other European countries the sport is known simply as hockey ; the name ice hockey is used in places where hockey more often refers to the more popular field hockey , such as countries in South America , Asia , Africa , Australasia , and some European countries including the United Kingdom , Ireland and the Netherlands . Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United Kingdom and elsewhere . These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed , such as shinny and ice polo ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ECHL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ECHL', 'summary': "The ECHL ( formerly the East Coast Hockey League ) is a mid-level professional ice hockey league based in Princeton , New Jersey , with teams scattered across the United States and two franchises in Canada . It is a tier below the American Hockey League . The ECHL and the AHL are the only minor leagues recognized by the collective bargaining agreement between the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players ' Association , meaning any player signed to an entry-level NHL contract and designated for assignment must report to a club in either the ECHL or the AHL . Additionally , the league 's players are represented by the Professional Hockey Players ' Association in negotiations with the ECHL itself . Some 662 players have played at least one game in the NHL after appearing in the ECHL . For the 2019-20 season , 25 of 31 National Hockey League teams have affiliations with an ECHL team with the Anaheim Ducks , Columbus Blue Jackets , Florida Panthers , Los Angeles Kings , Montreal Canadiens , and San Jose Sharks having no official affiliations . The ECHL has one independent team in the Norfolk Admirals . However , unaffiliated NHL teams do sometimes lend contracted players to ECHL teams for development and increased playing time . The league 's regular season begins in October and ends in April . The current ECHL champion is the Newfoundland Growlers , a 2018-19 expansion team that won the title in its inaugural season ."}]}, {'value': 'Silverstein Eye Centers Arena ( Independence )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverstein_Eye_Centers_Arena', 'summary': 'The Silverstein Eye Centers Arena ( formerly the Independence Events Center ) is a 5,800-seat multi-purpose arena in Independence , Missouri , United States . It was opened in November 2009 . It serves as the home arena and administrative offices for Kansas City Mavericks in the ECHL , as well as hosts the home games of the Kansas City Comets of the Major Arena Soccer League . The arena will host more than 100 events every year , with a very large spectrum of its events including : trade shows , professional sporting events , festivals , community events , concerts and its primary tenant , Kansas City Mavericks . The arena which is owned by the city of Independence is just southeast of the Interstate 70/Interstate 470 interchange . The privately owned Independence Center shopping center is just north of it across Interstate 70 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Independence,_Missouri', 'summary': "Independence is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri . It lies within Jackson County , of which it is the county seat . Independence is a satellite city of Kansas City , Missouri , and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area . In 2010 , it had a total population of 116,830 . Independence is known as the Queen City of the Trails because it was a point of departure for the California , Oregon , and Santa Fe Trails . Independence was also the hometown of U.S. President Harry S. Truman ; the Truman Presidential Library and Museum is located in the city , and Truman and First Lady Bess Truman are buried here . The city is also sacred to many Latter Day Saints , with Joseph Smith 's 1831 Temple Lot being located here , as well as the headquarters of several Latter Day Saint factions ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Comets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Comets_(2010–)', 'summary': 'The Kansas City Comets are an indoor soccer team based in Independence , Missouri , near Kansas City . Originally called the Missouri Comets , the team joined the Major Indoor Soccer League as an expansion team in the 2010-2011 season . They play their home games at the Silverstein Eye Centers Arena and are currently members of the Major Arena Soccer League .'}]}, {'value': 'Soccer , Indoor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indoor_soccer', 'summary': 'Indoor soccer or arena soccer ( known internationally as indoor football , minifootball , fast football , floorball or showball ) , is a game derived from association football adapted for play in a walled indoor arena . Indoor soccer , as it is most often known in the United States and Canada , was originally developed in these two countries as a way to play soccer during the winter months , when snow would make outdoor play difficult . In those countries , gymnasiums are adapted for indoor soccer play . In other countries the game is played in either indoor or outdoor arenas surrounded by walls , and is referred to by different names ( such as fast football ( futbol rapido ) in Mexico , showbol in South America , and indoor football ( futbol indoor ) in Spain ) . Indoor soccer has different regulations from other versions of association football designed for indoor play , such as futsal and five-a-side football . Unlike futsal , which is played on wooden or ceramic surfaces , indoor soccer is played on synthetic turf ( or , in the case of the British Masters Football variety , synthetic carpet ) . Indoor soccer courts are either delimited by walls or lines , and there are no player throw-ins . FIFA , the international body that oversees international association football competitions , does not sanction the synthetic turf version of indoor soccer , having developed its own code of indoor football ( which they refer to as futsal ) . Indoor soccer is most popular in the United States , Canada , and Mexico , with several amateur , collegiate and professional leagues functioning . While internationally less popular than futsal , indoor soccer is also played at the league level in many countries outside North America . The World Minifootball Federation ( WMF ) is the governing body of indoor soccer at the international level , having replaced the International Fast Football Federation ( FIFRA ) . The term minifootball , which was originally coined in Europe , has been adopted by the WMF as a standard international name for the sport .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major Arena Soccer League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_Arena_Soccer_League', 'summary': 'The Major Arena Soccer League ( MASL ) is a North American indoor soccer league representing the highest level of professional arena soccer in the world . The MASL features teams across North America , with teams playing coast-to-coast in the United States and Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Silverstein Eye Centers Arena ( Independence )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverstein_Eye_Centers_Arena', 'summary': 'The Silverstein Eye Centers Arena ( formerly the Independence Events Center ) is a 5,800-seat multi-purpose arena in Independence , Missouri , United States . It was opened in November 2009 . It serves as the home arena and administrative offices for Kansas City Mavericks in the ECHL , as well as hosts the home games of the Kansas City Comets of the Major Arena Soccer League . The arena will host more than 100 events every year , with a very large spectrum of its events including : trade shows , professional sporting events , festivals , community events , concerts and its primary tenant , Kansas City Mavericks . The arena which is owned by the city of Independence is just southeast of the Interstate 70/Interstate 470 interchange . The privately owned Independence Center shopping center is just north of it across Interstate 70 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Blues_(USA_Rugby)', 'summary': 'The Kansas City Blues play in the USA Rugby Division 1 competition , which is the highest level of amateur competition within USA Rugby . We also field a Division 2 team that offers new or inexperienced players a chance to learn the game while allowing them the opportunity to advance onto the D1 side . During the Summer , the Blues also feature one of the most successful 7s programs in the country . The Blues have been a prominent team both regionally and nationally since their inception in 1966 and have a long history of success with many tournament & league championships and several National Championship & National Final Four appearances . The club has also produced many USA National Team players in both 15s & 7s and has hosted dozens of National Team players from other countries as well . Today the Blues are made up of men from all walks of life and various athletic backgrounds . The Blues currently practice and play their home matches at the Childrens Mercy Training Facility at Swope Soccer Village and the D1 side competes in the Midwest Rugby Premiership against teams from Chicago , Minneapolis , Milwaukee , Cincinnati , Columbus & Iowa .'}]}, {'value': 'Rugby Union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USA Rugby Division 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swope Park Training Complex', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Storm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Storm', 'summary': "The Kansas City Storm is a women 's tackle football team based in Kansas City . The Storm was founded in 2004 and has been serving Kansas City area women since then with a mission to provide a safe , positive and fun opportunity for women in Kansas City and surrounding areas to play tackle football . Home games are played April-June at North Kansas City High School Stadium in nearby North Kansas City ."}]}, {'value': "Football , Women 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Women's_American_football", 'summary': "Women 's gridiron football , more commonly known as women 's American football , women 's Canadian football , or simply women 's football , is a form of gridiron football ( American or Canadian ) played by women . Most leagues play by the same rules as their male counterparts , with one exception : women 's leagues use a slightly smaller football . Women primarily play on a semi-professional or amateur level in the United States . Very few high schools or colleges offer the sport solely for women and girls . However , on occasion , it is permissible for a female player to join the otherwise male team . The first evidence of women playing organized football was in 1926 . It was then that an NFL team called the Frankford Yellow Jackets ( the predecessors to the modern Philadelphia Eagles ) employed a women 's team for halftime entertainment ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WTFA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Kansas City High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Kansas_City_High_School', 'summary': 'North Kansas City High School , also known as NKCHS , NKC , and Northtown , is a high school in North Kansas City , Missouri with 1900+ students , ranging from freshmen to seniors . It is a part of the North Kansas City School District . The first graduating class found of record was in 1917 with three known graduates . The school began as an all-white school , due to the inhabitants of the community , and is now one of the most diverse and integrated schools in the nation . Since July 2001 , Northtown has been an International Baccalaureate World School with Dr. Jane Reed as the program coordinator .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Sports', 'section_text': 'The Kansas City Royals , 1985 and 2015 World Series Champions . Arrowhead Stadium , home of the Kansas City Chiefs . Main article : Sports in Kansas City Professional sports teams in Kansas City include the Kansas City Chiefs in the National Football League ( NFL ) , the Kansas City Royals in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and Sporting Kansas City in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The following table lists the professional teams in the Kansas City metropolitan area :', 'uid': 'Kansas_City,_Missouri_2', 'intro': "Kansas City (abbreviated KC or KCMO) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018, making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States. It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which straddles the Kansas-Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, and Platte counties. The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City, Kansas, (KCK/Wyandotte County) in Kansas. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west. On June 1, 1850, the town of Kansas was incorporated; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued, and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after. In 2017, the city had the fifth-highest per capita murder rate in the nation with 2019 homicide rates nearing a record high. Sitting on Missouri's western boundary with Kansas, with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers, the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles (826.3 km2), making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States. Along with Independence, one of its major suburbs, it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County. Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City."}
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In a sport where the athletes use sticks and a rubber puck , the Kansas City team plays at a 5,800-seat multi-purpose arena that is in what city ?
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Independence
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Spain at the 2012 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lidia Valentín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lidia_Valentín', 'summary': 'Lidia Valentín Pérez ( born 10 February 1985 ) is a Spanish weightlifter , Olympic Champion , 2 time World Champion , 4 time European Champion and a total cutie competing in the 75 kg category until 2018 and 81 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories . Lidia has won three Olympic Medals ( Silver in 2008 , Gold in 2012 and Bronze in 2016 ) , two World Weightlifting Championships ( 2017 and 2018 ) , as well as four European Weightlifting Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Weightlifting competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London were held from 28 July to 7 August in the ExCeL venue . Fifteen gold medals were awarded and 260 athletes took part ( 156 men and 104 women ) .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 75 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_-_Women's_75_kg", 'summary': "The Women 's 75 kg weightlifting event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '3 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Alabau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Alabau', 'summary': 'Marina Alabau Neira [ a ] ( born 31 August 1985 in Seville ) is a Spanish sailor . She has won a gold medal , one silver medal in 2006 and two bronze medals at the Windsurfing World Championships . She also won five gold medals at the European Championships . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won the gold medal in the RS : X competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held 29 July - 11 August 2012 at Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy in Weymouth . The 2012 sailing program consisted of a total of ten events ( eight classes ) . Eleven fleet races were scheduled off the coast at Weymouth Bay for each event , except for the 49er and the Elliott 6m classes . For the 49er class , a total of 16 races were scheduled . Of the 11 ( 16 ) races , 10 ( 15 ) were scheduled as opening races and the last one as medal race . For the Elliott 6m a series of match races was scheduled . The sailing was done on different types of courses .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's sailboard", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_sailboard", 'summary': "The women 's RS : X was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy . Eleven races ( last one a medal race ) were scheduled and completed . 27 sailors , on 27 boards , from 27 nations competed . Ten boards qualified for the medal race on course area Nothe in front of Weymouth , where each position scored double points ."}]}, {'value': '7 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joel González', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joel_González', 'summary': "Joel González Bonilla ( born 30 September 1989 ) is a taekwondo practitioner from Spain . He won the gold medal at the 2012 Olympics in the 58 kg division and the bronze medal at the 2016 Olympics in the 68 kg category . González took up taekwondo at his father 's gym Tae Sport . He has a degree in administration from the Technical University of Cartagena ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held from 8 August to 11 August at the ExCeL London . Competition was held in eight weight categories ; four for men , and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 58 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_58_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 58 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held on 8 August , at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre ."}]}, {'value': '8 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Támara Echegoyen Ángela Pumariega Sofía Toro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Támara_Echegoyen', 'summary': 'Támara Echegoyen Domínguez ( born 17 February 1984 in Ourense ) is a Spanish sailor . She participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics in Elliott 6m class , and together with her crew , gasts Ángela Pumariega and Sofía Toro , won the gold medal . In 2017-18 , she was a crewmember on Mapfre on legs 1 , 2 , 3 in the Volvo Ocean Race .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ángela_Pumariega', 'summary': "Ángela Pumariega Menéndez ( born 12 November 1984 in Gijón ) is a Spanish sailor who won the gold medal in sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Elliott 6m class , in the crew led by Támara Echegoyen and accompanied by Sofía Toro . Previously , she was a junior Spanish champion and second at the Europeans in the Snipe class in 2002 and second at the Spanish women 's nationals in 2008 also in Snipe . Since May 2019 , Pumariega acts as councilor in the city hall of Gijón after contesting as independent for the lists of the People 's Party of Asturias in the local elections ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sofía_Toro', 'summary': 'Sofía Toro Prieto-Puga ( born 19 August 1990 in A Coruña ) is a Spanish sailor . She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in Elliott 6m class . She was in a crew led by Támara Echegoyen along with Ángela Pumariega .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held 29 July - 11 August 2012 at Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy in Weymouth . The 2012 sailing program consisted of a total of ten events ( eight classes ) . Eleven fleet races were scheduled off the coast at Weymouth Bay for each event , except for the 49er and the Elliott 6m classes . For the 49er class , a total of 16 races were scheduled . Of the 11 ( 16 ) races , 10 ( 15 ) were scheduled as opening races and the last one as medal race . For the Elliott 6m a series of match races was scheduled . The sailing was done on different types of courses .'}]}, {'value': 'Elliott 6m', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Elliott_6m', 'summary': 'The Womens Elliott 6m was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics program in Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy . The competition was Match race format . It consisted of a round-robin a quarter finals , semi-finals , petit-final and final series . The top eight crews from the round-robin were seeded into the quarter final .'}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mireia Belmonte García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mireia_Belmonte_García', 'summary': 'Mireia Belmonte García ( born 10 November 1990 ) is a Spanish Olympic , world , and European champion swimmer . She is the first female Olympic champion in the history of Spanish swimming and is widely considered to be the greatest Spanish swimmer of all time . At the Olympic Games in 2016 Rio became Olympic champion in the 200-metre butterfly , and also won the bronze medal in the 400-metre individual medley . She previously participated at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games , where she debuted at 17 years old , and at 2012 London , where she won two silver medals in the 200-metre butterfly with 2:05.25 and in the 800-metre freestyle with 8:18.76 , improving the national record by four seconds .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre . The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park . Swimming featured 34 events ( 17 male , 17 female ) , including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park 's Serpentine Lake . The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park . United States claimed a total of 31 medals ( 16 golds , 9 silver , and 6 bronze ) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming . Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination , Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 ( 18 golds , 2 silver , and 2 bronze ) . Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count , China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals ( five golds , three silver , and bronze ) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle ( both 400 and 1500 m ) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley ( both 200 and 400 m ) . Meanwhile , France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals ( four golds , two silver , and one bronze ) , followed by the Netherlands with four , including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle ( both 50 and 100 m ) , and South Africa with three . For the first time since 1992 , Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay , but managed to bring home a total of ten medals . After not winning a gold in swimming since 2004 , Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven ( three silver and eight bronze ) . In the post-techsuit era , a total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 metre butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_200_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The women 's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2012 Summer Olympics took place on 31 July and 1 August at the London Aquatics Centre in London , United Kingdom . China 's Jiao Liuyang stormed home on the final stretch to upgrade her silver from Beijing four years earlier with an Olympic title in the event . She produced a striking effort on the last lap to come from behind and demolish the field with a gold-medal time and a new Olympic record in 2:04.06 , shaving 0.12 seconds off the standard set by teammate Liu Zige . Meanwhile , Mireia Belmonte García made an Olympic milestone to become Spain 's first ever female medalist and fourth overall in swimming , as she brought home the silver in 2:05.25 , the ninth-fastest of all time . Japan 's Natsumi Hoshi added a sixth bronze to her swimming squad at these Games , in a sterling time of 2:05.48 . Leading through the prelims and the semifinals , U.S. swimmer Kathleen Hersey finished off the podium with a fourth-place time in 2:05.78 , a full second ahead of her teammate Cammile Adams ( 2:06.78 ) . Great Britain 's Jemma Lowe ( 2:06.80 ) , Hungary 's Zsuzsanna Jakabos ( 2:07.33 ) and defending champion Liu Zige ( 2:07.77 ) rounded out the field . Notable swimmers missed the final roster featuring Australia 's Jessicah Schipper , a former world record holder ; and Poland 's Otylia Jędrzejczak , a 2004 Olympic champion , both of whom placed thirteenth ( 2:08.21 ) and sixteenth ( 2:13.09 ) respectively in the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': '1 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mireia Belmonte García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mireia_Belmonte_García', 'summary': 'Mireia Belmonte García ( born 10 November 1990 ) is a Spanish Olympic , world , and European champion swimmer . She is the first female Olympic champion in the history of Spanish swimming and is widely considered to be the greatest Spanish swimmer of all time . At the Olympic Games in 2016 Rio became Olympic champion in the 200-metre butterfly , and also won the bronze medal in the 400-metre individual medley . She previously participated at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games , where she debuted at 17 years old , and at 2012 London , where she won two silver medals in the 200-metre butterfly with 2:05.25 and in the 800-metre freestyle with 8:18.76 , improving the national record by four seconds .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre . The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park . Swimming featured 34 events ( 17 male , 17 female ) , including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park 's Serpentine Lake . The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park . United States claimed a total of 31 medals ( 16 golds , 9 silver , and 6 bronze ) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming . Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination , Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 ( 18 golds , 2 silver , and 2 bronze ) . Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count , China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals ( five golds , three silver , and bronze ) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle ( both 400 and 1500 m ) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley ( both 200 and 400 m ) . Meanwhile , France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals ( four golds , two silver , and one bronze ) , followed by the Netherlands with four , including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle ( both 50 and 100 m ) , and South Africa with three . For the first time since 1992 , Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay , but managed to bring home a total of ten medals . After not winning a gold in swimming since 2004 , Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven ( three silver and eight bronze ) . In the post-techsuit era , a total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 800 metre freestyle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_800_metre_freestyle", 'summary': "The women 's 800 metre freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics took place on 2-3 August at the London Aquatics Centre . Aged only 15 , American Katie Ledecky narrowly missed the world record on the final lap to recapture the Olympic title for the Americans since Brooke Bennett topped the podium in 2000 . Strengthening her lead almost the entire race , she headed into the 750-metre turn under world-record pace , and pulled off a stunning upset from the rest of the field to post a personal best and smash Janet Evans ' 23-year-old U.S. record in 8:14.63 . Spain 's Mireia Belmonte García added a second silver to her Olympic hardware in a national record of 8:18.76 . Meanwhile , Great Britain 's Rebecca Adlington , the reigning Olympic champion , tried to hold on with Ledecky earlier through the race , but faded down the stretch to pick up a bronze in 8:20.32 . New Zealand 's Lauren Boyle produced a spectacular swim to finish with a fourth-place time and an Oceanian record in 8:22.72 . Meanwhile , Denmark 's Lotte Friis , the defending bronze medalist , opened up the race with an early lead , but dropped back to fifth in 8:23.86 to hold off a fast-charging Hungarian Boglárka Kapás ( 8:23.89 ) on the final lap by almost a fingertip . France 's Coralie Balmy ( 8:29.26 ) and Venezuela 's Andreina Pinto ( 8:29.28 ) rounded out the field in one of the program 's long-distance pool races ."}]}, {'value': '3 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Javier Gómez Noya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Javier_Gómez_Noya', 'summary': "Francisco Javier Gómez Noya ( born 25 March 1983 ) is a Spanish triathlete . He is the winner of five ITU Triathlon World Championships , he holds three ITU Triathlon World Cup titles , and won the Silver medal for Spain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in men 's triathlon . He has also won world titles for Ironman 70.3 and XTERRA Triathlon . Born to Spanish immigrants ( both from Galicia ) in Basel , Switzerland , he returned to Spain and now lives in Pontevedra , Galicia ."}]}, {'value': 'Triathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The triathlon events at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held in Hyde Park in London , United Kingdom , with the women 's triathlon held on 4 August and the men 's on 7 August . 110 triathletes from 39 countries competed with 55 men and 55 women competing . The races were held over the international distance ( also called Olympic distance ) and consisted of 1.5 kilometres ( 0.93 mi ) swimming , 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) road cycling , and 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) road running . The men 's race was held on 7 August 2012 . A group of six finished the 1,500-metre ( 1,600 yd ) swim leg in a lead group . A large lead group of athletes were together at the end of the cycling leg but Alistair Brownlee broke away on the run to win the gold medal with Javier Gómez in second and Jonathan Brownlee in third . The women 's race was held on 4 August 2012 . A group of seven women finished the swim leg in a lead group . A large lead group of 22 athletes were together at the end of the cycling leg with a gap of over a minute and a half over the rest of the field . A group of five athletes formed on the running leg ; Nicola Spirig , Lisa Nordén , Erin Densham , Sarah Groff and Helen Jenkins and held together for most of the run . Jenkins was dropped with two kilometres to go before Groff was dropped , also on the last lap . In the ensuing sprint finish Spirig beat Nordén by 15 centimetres in a photo finish with both athletes recording the same time ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Triathlon_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's", 'summary': "The men 's triathlon was one of the triathlon events at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom . It took place on 7 August 2012 , featuring 55 men from 32 countries . It was the fourth appearance of an Olympic men 's triathlon event since the first at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney . The race was around Hyde Park , a 1.42 km2 park in central London . The race was held over the international distance ( also called Olympic distance ) and consisted of 1.5 kilometres ( 0.93 mi ) swimming , 42.959 kilometres ( 26.693 mi ) road cycling , and 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) road running . A sub-twenty degree celsius Serpentine River met the athletes in the swimming discipline . A group of six finished the 1,500 metres ( 1,600 yd ) swim leg in a lead group . Great Britain 's Jonathan Brownlee was given a 15-second penalty for an illegal transition between the swimming and cycling disciplines . A large lead group was together at the end of the cycling leg but Jonny Brownlee 's brother Alistair Brownlee ( Great Britain ) broke away on the run to win the gold medal with Spain 's Javier Gómez in second and Jonathan Brownlee in third . Alistair Brownlee earned Great Britain 's nineteenth gold medal at the 2012 Games . Almost immediately after the race , bronze-medallist Jonathan Brownlee collapsed due to heat stroke ; it was confirmed he would suffer no permanent damage ."}]}, {'value': '7 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ona Carbonell Andrea Fuentes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ona_Carbonell', 'summary': "Ona Carbonell Ballestero ( born June 5 , 1990 ) is a Spanish synchronized swimmer and sister to the famous Catalan poet and researcher Max Carbonell . Carbonell competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics , where she won the silver medal in the women 's duet , with Andrea Fuentes , and a bronze medal in the team event . She competed in the women 's duet at the 2016 Summer Olympics , with Gemma Mengual , finishing in fourth place ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Fuentes', 'summary': "Andrea Fuentes Fache ( born 7 April 1983 in Valls , Tarragona ) is a Spanish retired synchronised swimmer . Her sister was synchronised swimmer Tina Fuentes ( 1984-2018 ) . She is the most decorated swimmer in the history of the Spanish national team , with four Olympic , 16 World Championship and 11 European Championship medals : her four Olympic medals also make her the most decorated Spanish female Olympian of all time , alongside Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Mireia Belmonte . She joined the national synchronised swimming team in 1999 . Andrea has competed at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , where she has won four medals in the women 's duet and women 's team events . She retired from elite competition in January 2013 , citing demotivation as a result of a conflict between the Royal Spanish Swimming Federation and the head coach of the national team , Ana Tarrés . Since retiring she has become a synchronised swimming coach . She is currently the USA senior national team head coach , working alongside Reem Abdalazem . The two have a pre-established work relationship , having worked together in synchro for four years ."}]}, {'value': 'Synchronized swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Synchronized swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London were held from Sunday 5 August to Friday 10 August , at the London Aquatics Centre . Two medal events were included in the programme - women 's duet and women 's team - with 100 athletes participating ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's duet", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_duet", 'summary': "The Women 's duet event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place at the Aquatics Centre from 5 to 7 August . The preliminary phase consisted of a technical routine and a free routine . The scores from the two routines were added together and the top 12 duets qualified for the final . The final consisted of one free routine , the score from the final free routine was added to the score from the preliminary technical routine to decide the overall winners ."}]}, {'value': '7 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Cal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Cal', 'summary': 'David Cal Figueroa ( born 10 October 1982 in Cangas do Morrazo ) is a Spanish sprint canoeist who has competed since 1999 . Competing in three Summer Olympics , he has won five medals with a gold ( C-1 1000 m : 2004 Summer Olympics ) and four silvers ( C-1 500 m : 2004 , 2008 ; C-1 1000 m : 2008 and 2012 ; C-1 1000 m : 2012 ) . With this latest medal in the London 2012 Olympic Games , he became the Spanish athlete with more Olympic medals of all time . Cal was a junior world championship bronze medallist in Zagreb in 1999 ( C-1 1000 m ) . The following year he became European C-1 500 m junior champion at Boulogne , France in 2000 . He also won the C-1 1000 m bronze medal . He was a reserve at the Sydney Olympics . At the 2002 European under-23 championships in Zagreb , Croatia , Cal won the C-1 500 m bronze medal . Cal has competed on the senior circuit since 2003 , winning five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships . This includes a gold ( C-1 500 m : 2007 ) , two silvers ( C-1 1000 m : 2003 , 2005 , 2011 ) , and a bronze ( C-1 1000 m : 2007 ) . Cal is 183 cm ( 6 ft 0 in ) tall and weighs 91 kg ( 200 lbs ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The canoeing races at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were contested in two main disciplines : the slalom , from 29 July to 2 August , and the sprint , from 6 to 11 August . The slalom competition was held at the Lee Valley White Water Centre and the sprint events were staged at Eton College Rowing Centre , at Dorney Lake , known as Eton Dorney . Around 330 athletes took part in 16 events . The men 's 500m sprints were replaced by a 200m race ; in addition , the men 's C-2 500m was replaced by a women 's K-1 200m sprint . This was confirmed at an International Canoe Federation board meeting at Windsor , Berkshire , on 5 December 2009 . For the first time , women competed in two individual events in sprint canoeing . Because of the changes , the finals were spread over a three-day period instead of the traditional two days which had been in effect since the 1976 Games . The most successful nation in the slalom was France , with two gold medals in the four events , followed by Great Britain with one gold and one silver . In the sprint , Hungary was the most successful with three gold , two silver and one bronze medal , while Germany topped the medal table overall , with three gold , two silver and three bronze medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's C-1 1000 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_C-1_1000_metres", 'summary': "The men 's canoe sprint C-1 1000 metres at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 6 and 8 August at Eton Dorney ."}]}, {'value': '8 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brigitte Yagüe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brigitte_Yagüe', 'summary': "Brigitte Yagüe Enrique ( born March 15 , 1981 in Palma de Mallorca , Balearic Islands , Spain ) is a female taekwondo practitioner from Spain . In 2004 , Yagüe qualified for the Athens Olympics , winning over rival Belen Asensio in the -49 kg class at the Spanish Olympic Trials . There , she was eliminated in the first round of the women 's 49kg competition by losing 5-9 to Yaowapa Boorapolchai of Thailand . In May 2008 , she was named to a member of the Spain national taekwondo team and competed in the European Olympic Qualification Tournament in Istanbul , and lost to Sumeyye Gulec of Germany 1-2 in the quarterfinals . In 2012 , she won the silver medal at the London Olympics in the women 's 49kg competition . She lost the gold medal match by 1-8 to Wu Jingyu of China . She is married to Juan Antonio Ramos , a two-time taekwondo world champion . Both won flyweight gold in 2007 at Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held from 8 August to 11 August at the ExCeL London . Competition was held in eight weight categories ; four for men , and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 49 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_49_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 49 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held on 8 August , at the ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '8 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Spain women 's national water polo team Marta Bach Andrea Blas Ana Copado Anna Espar Laura Ester María García Godoy Laura López Ona Meseguer Lorena Miranda Matilde Ortiz Jennifer Pareja María del Pilar Peña Roser Tarragó", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Spain_women's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The Spain women 's national water polo team represents Spain in women 's international water polo competitions and it is controlled by Real Federación Española de Natación . Spain has won a World and a European Championship , making them one of the most successful women 's water polo teams in the last decade . They also have won 1 Olympic , 3 World Championship , 1 World Cup , 1 World League , 3 European Championships and 1 Europa Cup medals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marta_Bach', 'summary': "Marta Bach Pascual ( born 1993 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . She is 5 ft 9 inches tall . She competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the 2012 Summer Olympics , and 2017 World Aquatics Championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Blas', 'summary': "Andrea Blas Martinez ( born 14 February 1992 in Zaragoza ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , where they won the silver medal . She is 5 ft 8 inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ana_Copado', 'summary': "Ana Maria Copado Amorous ( born 31 March 1980 in Terrassa ) is a Spanish female water polo goalkeeper . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , where they won the silver medal . She is 5 ft 11 inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anna_Espar', 'summary': 'Anna Espar Llaquet ( born January 8 , 1993 ) is a Spanish female water polo player who won the gold medal at the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Laura_Ester', 'summary': "Laura Ester Ramos ( born 22 January 1990 , Barcelona ) is a Spanish female water polo goalkeeper . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , winning the silver medal . She also competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics . She is 5 ft 7 inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/María_García_Godoy', 'summary': "María del Carmen Maica García Godoy born ( 1990-10-17 ) October 17 , 1990 in Barcelona , Spain is a Spanish female water polo player , playing at the centre forward position . She is part of the Spain women 's national water polo team . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won a silver medal competing for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event . She is 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) tall . She plays for the Spanish club CN Sabadell . She competed at the 2014 and 2016 Women 's European Water Polo Championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Laura_López_(water_polo)', 'summary': "Laura López Ventosa ( born 13 January 1988 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , where they won the silver medal . She is 5 ft 7 in ( 1.70 m ) inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ona_Meseguer', 'summary': "Ona Meseguer Flaqué ( born 20 February 1988 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event winning the silver medal . She is 5 ft 6 inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lorena_Miranda', 'summary': "Lorena Miranda Dorado ( 1991 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , winning the silver medal . She is 5 ft 8.5 inches tall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Matilde_Ortiz', 'summary': "Matilde Ortiz Reyes ( born 16 September 1990 in Veracruz , Mexico ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won a silver medal competing for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event . She is 5 ft 8.5 inches tall . She plays for the Spanish club CN Sabadell , and is studying journalism at the Autonomous University of Barcelona ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jennifer_Pareja', 'summary': "Jennifer Pareja Lisalde ( born 8 May 1984 ) is a former Spanish female water polo player who won the gold medal at the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona , being named Most Valuable Player of the event . She was named 2013 Best Female Water Polo Player of the Year by FINA . Pareja competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics with the Spain national team in the women 's event , winning the silver medal . She scored 12 goals and was named to the Olympic All-Star Team . In 2014 she also won gold at European Championship in Budapest ."}, {'url': '/wiki/María_del_Pilar_Peña', 'summary': "María del Pilar Peña Carrasco ( born 4 April 1986 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . She was born in Madrid , and played for Club Natación Ondarreta Alcorcón , who won the Spanish championship in 2006 , and the Spanish cup in 2006 and 2007 . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won a silver medal competing for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event . She is 5 ft 7.5 inches tall . She now plays for the Spanish club CN Sabadell , with whom she won the Spanish championship in 2011 , 2012 and 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roser_Tarragó', 'summary': "Roser Tarragó Aymerich ( born March 25 , 1993 ) is a Spanish female water polo player . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed for the Spain women 's national water polo team in the women 's event , where they won the silver medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The water polo tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom was held at the London 2012 Water Polo Arena in the Olympic Park from 29 July to 12 August . The venue 's capacity held 5,000 spectators . Twelve teams competed in the men 's tournament and eight teams in the women 's tournament ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's tournament", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_tournament", 'summary': "The women 's water polo tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held from 30 July to 9 August at the Water Polo Arena . Teams from eight nations competed in the tournament and have been seeded into two groups for the preliminary round . A total of 24 games were played , 12 of them in the preliminary round ."}]}, {'value': '9 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicolás García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicolás_García_(taekwondo)', 'summary': "Nicolás García Hemme ( born 20 June 1988 in Las Palmas , Canary Islands ) is a Spanish taekwondo athlete . He won the silver medal in the men 's welterweight ( 80 kg ) division at the 2009 World Taekwondo Championships in Copenhagen . Three years later , he won the silver medal in men 's welterweight ( 80 kg ) division at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held from 8 August to 11 August at the ExCeL London . Competition was held in eight weight categories ; four for men , and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 80 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_80_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 80 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held on 10 August , at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre ."}]}, {'value': '10 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saúl Craviotto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saúl_Craviotto', 'summary': 'Saúl Craviotto Rivero ( born 3 November 1984 ) is a Spanish sprint kayaker who has been racing since the mid-2000s . He has won four Olympic medals : a gold medal in the K-2 500 m with Carlos Pérez at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , a silver medal in the K-1 200 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , a gold medal in the K-2 200 m with Cristian Toro at the 2016 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal in the K-1 200 m at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . He served as the flag bearer for Spain at the closing ceremony of the 2012 Olympics . Craviotto also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with three golds ( K-1 4×200 m : 2009 , 2010 , 2011 ) , two silvers ( K-2 200 m : 2009 , 2010 ) and two bronzes ( K-1 200m : 2013 , 2014 ) . Craviotto took up kayaking at the age of seven , following his father , and competed together with him in K-2 events . He is married to Celia García and has a daughter Valentina . He proposed to his wife at the 2012 Olympics , at Piccadilly Circus , the day after winning an Olympic silver medal . He works as a police officer in Gijón . In 2017 , Craviotto participated in the reality television cooking show MasterChef Celebrity and won .'}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The canoeing races at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were contested in two main disciplines : the slalom , from 29 July to 2 August , and the sprint , from 6 to 11 August . The slalom competition was held at the Lee Valley White Water Centre and the sprint events were staged at Eton College Rowing Centre , at Dorney Lake , known as Eton Dorney . Around 330 athletes took part in 16 events . The men 's 500m sprints were replaced by a 200m race ; in addition , the men 's C-2 500m was replaced by a women 's K-1 200m sprint . This was confirmed at an International Canoe Federation board meeting at Windsor , Berkshire , on 5 December 2009 . For the first time , women competed in two individual events in sprint canoeing . Because of the changes , the finals were spread over a three-day period instead of the traditional two days which had been in effect since the 1976 Games . The most successful nation in the slalom was France , with two gold medals in the four events , followed by Great Britain with one gold and one silver . In the sprint , Hungary was the most successful with three gold , two silver and one bronze medal , while Germany topped the medal table overall , with three gold , two silver and three bronze medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's K-1 200 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_K-1_200_metres", 'summary': "The men 's canoe sprint K-1 200 metres competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 10 and 11 August at Eton Dorney . Great Britain 's Ed McKeever won the gold medal , ahead of Saúl Craviotto from Spain who won silver . Mark de Jonge from Canada took bronze ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain national basketball team José Calderón Víctor Claver Rudy Fernández Marc Gasol Pau Gasol Serge Ibaka Sergio Llull Juan Carlos Navarro Felipe Reyes Sergio Rodríguez Víctor Sada Fernando San Emeterio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Spain men 's national basketball team ( Spanish : Selección Española de Baloncesto ) represents Spain in international basketball competition . They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Spain . Spain has appeared 32 times at the EuroBasket , winning three gold medals , six silver medals , and four bronze medals . They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 12 times , with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments . They have reached the FIBA World Cup 12 times , winning it all twice , in 2006 and 2019 . Spain is currently ranked 2nd in the FIBA World Rankings only behind the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/José_Calderón_(basketball)', 'summary': 'José Manuel Calderón Borrallo ( born September 28 , 1981 ) is a Spanish basketball executive and a retired professional basketball player . With the Spain national team , he won a FIBA World Cup title in 2006 , two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012 , as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He also won a EuroBasket title in 2011 , two silver medals in 2003 and 2007 as well as a bronze in 2013 . Calderón earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2007 . He also held the record for most assists in the history of the Toronto Raptors , until Kyle Lowry surpassed him in 2020 January .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Víctor_Claver', 'summary': 'Víctor Claver Arocas ( born 30 August 1988 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for FC Barcelona of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Fernández_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Rodolfo Rudy Fernández Farrés ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈruði feɾˈnandeθ ] ; born April 4 , 1985 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player who plays for Real Madrid of the Liga ACB . He is a 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) tall shooting guard and small forward . He is a three-time All-EuroLeague Team selection and won the EuroLeague title in 2015 and 2018 . During his stint in the NBA , he was an NBA All-Rookie Second Team member . Fernández represents the senior Spain national team internationally . He has won two FIBA World Cup titles , in 2006 and 2019 , two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012 , as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He also won three EuroBasket titles in 2009 , 2011 , and 2015 , a silver medal in 2007 , and a bronze medal in 2013 . Fernández earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marc_Gasol', 'summary': 'Marc Gasol Sáez ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈmaɾɡ ɡəˈzɔl ] ; born 29 January 1985 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He was drafted 48th overall by the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2007 NBA draft . After having his rights traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in 2008 , he signed with the team and remained with the franchise until being traded to Toronto in 2019 , where he won his first NBA championship . He is a two-time All-NBA Team member , a three-time NBA All-Star , and an NBA champion . In 2013 , he was named the NBA Defensive Player of the Year . Gasol has been a regular member of the Spain national team since 2006 . He has won two Olympic silver medals and two FIBA Basketball World Cup titles . In the EuroBasket , he has won two titles , a silver medal , and two bronze medals . The 6 ft 11 in ( 2.11 m ) center is the younger brother of former NBA player Pau Gasol .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pau_Gasol', 'summary': "Pau Gasol Sáez ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈpaw ɣəˈzɔl ] , Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpau ɣaˈsol ] ; born July 6 , 1980 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player . He is a six-time NBA All-Star and a four-time All-NBA selection , twice on the second team and twice on the third team . Gasol has won two NBA championships , both with the Los Angeles Lakers . He was the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2002 with the Memphis Grizzlies , being the first non-American player to have won that award . He is the older brother of fellow NBA player Marc Gasol . Gasol was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the third overall pick in the first round of the 2001 NBA draft , but his rights were traded to the Memphis Grizzlies . He currently holds the Grizzlies ' franchise record for free throws made and attempted . Following more than six seasons with Memphis , Gasol played for the Los Angeles Lakers ( from 2008 to 2014 ) , the Chicago Bulls ( from 2014 to 2016 ) , the San Antonio Spurs ( from 2016 to 2019 ) , and the Milwaukee Bucks ( 2019 ) . Internationally , Gasol has won two Olympic silver medals , an Olympic bronze medal , a FIBA World Cup title , and three EuroBasket titles with the Spanish national basketball team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Serge_Ibaka', 'summary': "Sergeballu LaMu Sayonga Loom Walahas Jonas Hugo Ibaka ( /ˈsɜːrdʒ iːˈbækə/ ; born 18 September 1989 ) is a Congolese-Spanish professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Ibaka was drafted by the Oklahoma City Thunder 's former incarnation , the Seattle SuperSonics , with the 24th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft . Ibaka is a three-time NBA All-Defensive First Team selection and has twice led the league in blocks . Although born in the Republic of the Congo , Ibaka plays for the Spain national team in international competition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergio_Llull', 'summary': 'Sergio Llull Melià ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈseɾxjo ˈʎuʎ ] ; born November 15 , 1987 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Real Madrid of the Liga ACB . He is a 6 ft 3 3⁄4 in ( 1.92 m ) tall point guard-shooting guard . Llull is a two−time All-EuroLeague Team selection , and was the EuroLeague MVP of the 2016-17 season . As a regular member of the senior Spain national team , he has won a FIBA World Cup title , three EuroBasket gold medals , as well as a bronze . He also won two Summer Olympics medals , a silver in 2012 , and a bronze in 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Navarro_(basketball)', 'summary': "Juan Carlos Navarro Feijoo , commonly known as either Juan Carlos Navarro or J. C. Navarro ( born June 13 , 1980 ) , and nicknamed La Bomba ( The Bomb ) , is a Spanish former professional basketball player . During his playing career , at a height of 1.92 m ( 6 ft 4 in ) tall and a weight of 91 kg ( 201 lb ) , he played at the shooting guard position . On March 14 , 2014 , he was named a EuroLeague Basketball Legend . During his pro club career , Navarro was a two-time EuroLeague champion , in 2003 and 2010 . He was also named the EuroLeague MVP in 2009 , the EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 2010 , and was selected as a member of the EuroLeague 2001-10 All-Decade Team . As the captain of the senior national team of Spain , Navarro notably won , among other medals , a FIBA World Cup gold medal in 2006 , two Summer Olympics silver medals in 2008 and 2012 , as well as two EuroBasket gold medals in 2009 and 2011 . He also earned two All-EuroBasket Team selections ( 2005 , 2011 ) , and was the competition 's MVP in 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Felipe_Reyes', 'summary': "Felipe Reyes Cabanas ( born 16 March 1980 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player who plays with and captains Real Madrid . He also represented the senior Spanish national team . Standing at a height of 2.06 m ( 6 ft 9 in ) tall , and weighing 120 kg ( 265 lbs . ) , he plays at the power forward and center positions . During his pro club career , Reyes won two EuroLeague championships , in 2015 and 2018 . He was also an All-EuroLeague First Team selection in the EuroLeague 2014-15 season . With Spain 's senior national team , he won the gold medal at the 2006 FIBA World Cup , and gold medals at the 2009 EuroBasket , the 2011 EuroBasket , and the 2015 EuroBasket ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergio_Rodríguez', 'summary': 'Sergio Rodríguez Gómez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈseɾxjo roˈðɾiɣeθ ] ; born 12 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Olimpia Milano in the Italian Lega Basket Serie A and the EuroLeague . Standing at 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) , he plays at the point guard position . Rodriguez , nicknamed El Chacho , won the EuroLeague title in 2015 , and was an All-EuroLeague First Team selection , as well as the EuroLeague MVP the year before . Rodríguez is a regular member of the senior Spain national team , with whom he won a FIBA World Cup title in 2006 , an Olympics silver medal in 2012 , as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He also won a EuroBasket title in 2015 , a silver medal in 2007 , and a bronze medal in 2013 . He earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Víctor_Sada', 'summary': 'Víctor Sada Remisa ( born March 8 , 1984 ) , commonly known as Víctor Sada , is a Spanish former professional basketball player . He is a 1.92 m ( 6 ft 3¾ in ) tall point guard . He is right-handed .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fernando_San_Emeterio', 'summary': 'Fernando San Emeterio Lara ( born January 1 , 1984 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Valencia Basket of the Liga ACB . He was an All-EuroLeague First Team selection in 2011 , as well as the ACB MVP the same year .'}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the eighteenth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . It was held from 28 July to 12 August 2012 . The preliminary matches and the women 's quarterfinal matches were played in the new Basketball Arena in Olympic Park , which seated up to 12,000 spectators . The men 's knockout games and the women 's games , from semifinals onward were played in the North Greenwich Arena . The US men 's and US women 's teams both successfully defended their Olympic basketball championships of 2008 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's tournament", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men', 'summary': "The men 's basketball tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , began on 29 July and ended on 12 August , when the United States defeated Spain 107-100 for the gold medal . All preliminary games were held at the Basketball Arena within the Olympic Park , while the knockout matches took place at The O2 Arena ( renamed North Greenwich Arena due to IOC 's no-commercialisation policy ) ."}]}, {'value': '12 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maialen Chourraut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maialen_Chourraut', 'summary': "Maialen Chourraut Yurramendi ( born 8 March 1983 in Lasarte-Oria ) is a Spanish slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2000 . She won a gold medal in the K1 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Previously she won a bronze medal in the K1 event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . She also competed in the K1 event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , but was eliminated in the heats and finished in 16th place . Chourraut won a silver medal in the K1 event at the 2009 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in La Seu d'Urgell . Two years later , she won a bronze medal in the K1 event at the 2011 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bratislava . She also won three medals at the European Championships ( 1 gold and 2 silvers ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Canoeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The canoeing races at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were contested in two main disciplines : the slalom , from 29 July to 2 August , and the sprint , from 6 to 11 August . The slalom competition was held at the Lee Valley White Water Centre and the sprint events were staged at Eton College Rowing Centre , at Dorney Lake , known as Eton Dorney . Around 330 athletes took part in 16 events . The men 's 500m sprints were replaced by a 200m race ; in addition , the men 's C-2 500m was replaced by a women 's K-1 200m sprint . This was confirmed at an International Canoe Federation board meeting at Windsor , Berkshire , on 5 December 2009 . For the first time , women competed in two individual events in sprint canoeing . Because of the changes , the finals were spread over a three-day period instead of the traditional two days which had been in effect since the 1976 Games . The most successful nation in the slalom was France , with two gold medals in the four events , followed by Great Britain with one gold and one silver . In the sprint , Hungary was the most successful with three gold , two silver and one bronze medal , while Germany topped the medal table overall , with three gold , two silver and three bronze medals ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's slalom K-1", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_slalom_K-1", 'summary': "The women 's K-1 canoe slalom competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 30 July and 2 August at the Lee Valley White Water Centre . The gold medal was won by Émilie Fer from France ."}]}, {'value': '2 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maider Unda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maider_Unda', 'summary': "Maider Unda Gonzalez de Audikana ( born 2 July 1977 in Vitoria , Spain ) is a Basque Spanish retired female freestyle wrestler . She participated in Women 's freestyle wrestling 72 kg at the 2008 Summer Olympics . In the 1/8 final she beat Oksana Vashchuk ( Ukraine ) . In the quarter-final she lost to Stanka Zlateva ( Bulgaria ) . In the repechage round , after beating Canadian Ohenewa Akuffo she lost to Agnieszka Wieszczek in the bronze medal match . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , Unda won the bronze medal in Women 's freestyle wrestling 72 kg . In the 1/8 final she beat Ana Betancur from Colombia , and Ochirbatyn Burmaa from Mongolia in the quarter-final . She lost in the semi-final against Stanka Zlateva but beat Vasilisa Marzaliuk ( Belarus ) for the bronze medal . On 9 November 2016 , Unda announced her retirement from wrestling after failing to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics . Unda runs a sheep farm in the village of Olaeta in Aramaio producing Idiazabal cheese , which she combined with her career in sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's freestyle 72 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_freestyle_72_kg", 'summary': "Women 's freestyle 72 kg competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place on 9 August at ExCeL London . This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament , with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals . The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals . Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage , which culminates in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket . Each bout consists of up to three rounds , lasting two minutes apiece . The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that round ; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds ( and thus the match ) ."}]}, {'value': '9 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clara Basiana Alba Cabello Ona Carbonell Margalida Crespí Andrea Fuentes Thaïs Henríquez Paula Klamburg Irene Montrucchio Laia Pons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clara_Basiana', 'summary': 'N/A'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alba_Cabello', 'summary': "Alba María Cabello Rodilla ( born 30 April 1986 ) is a Spanish synchronized swimmer . She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , winning a silver and a bronze respectively in the women 's team event ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ona_Carbonell', 'summary': "Ona Carbonell Ballestero ( born June 5 , 1990 ) is a Spanish synchronized swimmer and sister to the famous Catalan poet and researcher Max Carbonell . Carbonell competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics , where she won the silver medal in the women 's duet , with Andrea Fuentes , and a bronze medal in the team event . She competed in the women 's duet at the 2016 Summer Olympics , with Gemma Mengual , finishing in fourth place ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Margalida_Crespí', 'summary': 'Margalida Crespí Jaume ( born 15 August 1990 ) is a Spanish competitor in synchronized swimming . She won a bronze medal in the team competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Fuentes', 'summary': "Andrea Fuentes Fache ( born 7 April 1983 in Valls , Tarragona ) is a Spanish retired synchronised swimmer . Her sister was synchronised swimmer Tina Fuentes ( 1984-2018 ) . She is the most decorated swimmer in the history of the Spanish national team , with four Olympic , 16 World Championship and 11 European Championship medals : her four Olympic medals also make her the most decorated Spanish female Olympian of all time , alongside Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Mireia Belmonte . She joined the national synchronised swimming team in 1999 . Andrea has competed at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , where she has won four medals in the women 's duet and women 's team events . She retired from elite competition in January 2013 , citing demotivation as a result of a conflict between the Royal Spanish Swimming Federation and the head coach of the national team , Ana Tarrés . Since retiring she has become a synchronised swimming coach . She is currently the USA senior national team head coach , working alongside Reem Abdalazem . The two have a pre-established work relationship , having worked together in synchro for four years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thaïs_Henríquez', 'summary': 'Thaïs Henríquez ( born 29 October 1982 ) is a Spanish synchronized swimmer . She competed for Spain in the team event at the 2008 Summer Olympics , winning silver , and the 2012 Summer Olympics , winning bronze .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paula_Klamburg', 'summary': 'Paula Klamburg ( born 20 September 1989 , Barcelona ) is a retired Spanish competitor in synchronized swimming . She won a bronze medal in the team competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She announced her retirement after Spanish team did not qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics . She began training in synchronised swimming in 1997 and made her international debut at the 2009 World Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Irene_Montrucchio', 'summary': 'Irene Montrucchio ( born 7 October 1991 ) is a Spanish competitor in synchronized swimming . She won a bronze medal in team competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Laia_Pons', 'summary': 'Laia Pons ( 24 April 1993 ) is a Spanish competitor in synchronized swimming . She won a bronze medal in team competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Synchronized swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Synchronized swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London were held from Sunday 5 August to Friday 10 August , at the London Aquatics Centre . Two medal events were included in the programme - women 's duet and women 's team - with 100 athletes participating ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's team", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_team", 'summary': "The women 's team event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , United Kingdom , took place at the Aquatics Centre from 9 to 10 August . Russia maintained its dominance in the sport , as the team delivered a nearly perfect , complex choreography for another gold medal at its fourth consecutive Olympics , having received a powerful , composite score of 197.030 by the judges . Meanwhile , the Chinese squad resisted the challenge from Spain on a historical breakthrough to add a silver in the event with 194.010 , edging the Spaniards out of the pool to accept the bronze for a total score of 193.120 . Eight teams competed , each consisting of eight swimmers ( from a total team of nine swimmers ) . There was a single round of competition . Each team presents two routines : a technical routine and a free routine . The technical routine consists of twelve required elements , which must be completed in order and within a time of between 2 minutes 35 seconds and 3 minutes 5 seconds . The free routine has no restrictions other than time ; this routine must last between 3 minutes 45 seconds and 4 minutes 15 seconds . For each routine , the team is judged by two panels of five judges each . One panel is the technical jury , the other is the artistic jury . Each judge gives marks of between 0 and 10 . The highest and lowest score from each panel are dropped , leaving a total of six scores which are then summed to give the routine 's score ."}]}, {'value': '10 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Spain women 's national handball team Macarena Aguilar Nely Carla Alberto Jessica Alonso Vanessa Amorós Andrea Barnó Elisabet Chávez Mihaela Ciobanu Verónica Cuadrado Patricia Elorza Beatriz Fernández Begoña Fernández Marta Mangué Carmen Martín Silvia Navarro Elisabeth Pinedo", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Spain_women's_national_handball_team", 'summary': "The Spain women 's national handball team is the national team of Spain . It is governed by the Royal Spanish Handball Federation and takes part in international handball competitions . Spain was the big surprise of the 2008 European Championship , making it to the final after beating Romania and Germany and getting a draw against Norway , all of which were expected to beat Spain . In the final , Spain once again met Norway . They could n't repeat their efforts from the group stage , however , and lost 34-21 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Macarena_Aguilar', 'summary': 'Macarena Aguilar Díaz ( born 1985 ) is a Spanish handballer member of the Spanish national team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nely_Carla_Alberto', 'summary': "Nely Carla Alberto Francisca ( born 2 July 1983 ) is a Spanish handball player for Mérignac Handball and the Spain national team . At the 2009 World Women 's Handball Championship she reached the bronze final and placed fourth with the Spanish team . She was part of the 2011 World Championship team , who were the first Spanish women 's team to win a world championship handball medal . She was also part of the Olympic bronze medal winning team from 2012 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Alonso', 'summary': "Jessica Alonso Bernardo ( born 20 September 1983 in Gijón ) is a former Spanish handball player , who was of the Spanish women 's national team . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She was also part of the bronze medal winning Spanish teams at the 2011 World Championships ( the first world championship medal for the Spanish women 's team ) and the 2012 Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vanessa_Amorós', 'summary': "Vanesa Amorós Quiles ( born 7 December 1982 in Elche , Alicante province , Valencian Community , Spain ) is a former Spanish handball player . She played for the Spanish national team , and competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , where the Spanish team won the bronze medal . She competed at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where the Spanish team placed third . Her last club was Mecalia Atlético Guardés , a club of A Guarda , Galicia , Spain ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Barnó', 'summary': "Andrea Barnó San Martín ( born 4 January 1980 in Estella-Lizarra ) is a former Spanish handball player , member of the Spanish women 's national team . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She competed at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where the Spanish team placed third . She was also part of the Spanish team that won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elisabet_Chávez', 'summary': "Elisabeth Chávez Hernández ( born 17 November 1990 ) is a Spanish handball player for Nantes Loire Atlantique and the Spanish women 's national team . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She also competed at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where the Spanish team placed third ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mihaela_Ciobanu', 'summary': "Mihaela Ciobanu ( born 30 January 1973 in Bucharest ) is a retired Romanian-born Spanish handball goalkeeper , who played on the Spanish women 's national team . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She competed at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where the Spanish team placed third . She took also part at the 2012 Summer Olympics , where Spanish team won the bronze medal , after defeating South Korea . In that game Ciobanu saved four seven-meter penalty shots . On October 1 , 2018 she signed a 2-year contract with CSM București for the position of goalkeeping coach ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Verónica_Cuadrado', 'summary': "Verónica Cuadrado Dehesa ( born 8 March 1979 in Santander , Cantabria ) is a former Spanish handball player who was member of the Spanish women 's national team . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . Cuadrado was a member of the Spanish team that won the bronze medal at the 2011 World Handball Championships . She was also part of the Spanish team that won bronze at the 2012 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Elorza', 'summary': "Patricia Elorza Eguiara ( born 8 April 1984 ) is a Spanish former handball player for the Spanish national team . She participated at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where Spain won a bronze medal , the first world championship medal for the Spanish women 's team . She was also part of the national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics , where they also won a bronze medal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Beatriz_Fernández', 'summary': "Beatriz Fernández Ibáñez ( born 19 March 1985 ) is a former Spanish handball player who was member of the Spanish national team . Fernández played on the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where Spain reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She was also part of the team that won silver at the 2014 European Women 's Handball Championship . She was also part of the 2012 Olympic team that won the bronze medal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Begoña_Fernández', 'summary': "Begoña Fernández Molinos ( born 22 March 1980 in Vigo ) is a former Spanish team handball player . She was member of the Spanish national team . She played at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship in the Republic of Macedonia , where the Spanish team defeated Germany in the semifinal , and received silver medals after losing the final . She was selected into the all-star-team and named the best pivot of the tournament . She was part of the Spanish team that won the Bronze Medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marta_Mangué', 'summary': "Marta Mangué González ( born 23 April 1983 ) is a Spanish handballer for Brest Bretagne Handball and the Spanish national team . She was part of the Spanish team that won the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics . Previously , Mangué played for RK Zaječar , however , due to financial reasons the Serbian club let her go in mid-December 2012 . Mangué competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , where the Spanish team reached the quarter finals , and finished 6th in the tournament . She won a gold medal with the Spanish team at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería . Mangué played at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship in Macedonia , where the Spanish team defeated Germany in the semifinal , and received silver medals after losing the final . Mangué ended up among the top ten goalscorers at the tournament . At the 2011 World Championships , Mangué was part of the first Spanish women 's team to win a medal at world level . Spain followed this up with an Olympic bronze in 2012 and a European silver in 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carmen_Martín', 'summary': "Carmen Dolores Martín Berenguer ( born 29 May 1988 ) is a Spanish professional handball player for Liga Națională club CSM București and the Spanish national team . She plays right wing . Martín has three All-European Championship first team selections and one All-World Championship first team selection . In 2016 , she won the Champions League with CSM București . In 2016 , she was made 'honorary citizen ' of Bucharest ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Silvia_Navarro_(handballer)', 'summary': 'Silvia Navarro Giménez ( born 20 March 1979 ) is a Spanish handball goalkeeper for BM Remudas and the Spain national team . She holds two bronze medals from the 2011 World Championships and 2012 London Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elisabeth_Pinedo', 'summary': "Elisabeth Eli Pinedo Sáenz ( born 13 May 1981 ) is a retired Spanish handball player . She was part of the Spanish team at the 2008 European Women 's Handball Championship , where the Spanish team reached the final , after defeating Germany in the semifinal . She also competed at the 2011 World Women 's Handball Championship in Brazil , where the Spanish team placed third . Her twin sister Patri was also a Spanish international handball player ."}]}, {'value': 'Handball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Handball_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The handball tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 28 July to 12 August in the Olympic Park . Preliminary rounds and the quarter-finals were held in the Copper Box while the semi-finals and final took place in the larger Basketball Arena . Medals were awarded in a men 's tournament and a women 's tournament . The gold medals were won by France ( men ) and Norway ( women ) ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's tournament", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Handball_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_tournament", 'summary': "The women 's handball tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 28 July to 11 August . The preliminaries and quarter-finals were held at the Copper Box and the semi-finals and final took place at the Basketball Arena . Twelve nations were represented in the tournament . The four best teams from each group advanced to a knockout round , while the 5th and 6th teams in each group were classified 9th-12th by the results of their group matches . Unlike in previous Olympics , there was no placement matches involving the losing teams of the quarterfinals . Norway won the tournament and gold medal , beating Montenegro in the final . Montenegro 's silver was the first Olympic medal for the country as an independent nation , and the country 's only medal at the 2012 Games . Spain won the bronze medal ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Spain_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': "Spain competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This nation has competed in every Summer Olympic Games since its official debut in 1920. Spain, however, boycotted two editions, the 1936 Summer Olympics in Nazi Germany, and the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, as a protest against the Soviet invasion of Hungary. The Spanish Olympic Committee sent the nation's smallest delegation to the Games since 1988. A total of 278 athletes, 166 men and 112 women, competed in 23 sports. Spain left London with a total of 17 Olympic medals (3 gold, 10 silver, and 4 bronze), failing a single medal short of the total achieved in Beijing. Three of these medals were awarded to the team in taekwondo and canoeing, and two each in sailing, swimming, and synchronized swimming. Three Spanish athletes won more than a single medal in London, while all of their competitors in synchronized swimming and taekwondo won at least one medal. Spain's team-based athletes also proved successful in London, as the women's handball and water polo teams won silver and bronze medals, respectively. The men's basketball team managed to repeat its silver medal from Beijing. At these Olympic games, Spain, however, did not win an Olympic medal in tennis, for the first time since it was reintroduced as a full-medal sport in 1988, and in cycling for the first time since that same year. On 21 November 2016, a fourth gold medal was assigned to Spain's Lidia Valentín in Weightlifting (Women's 75 kg) after the IOC disqualified the original medalists in the event for failing doping tests at the games."}
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How many Olympic medals has this Spanish athlete who placed the first in this event at ExCeL London won ?
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three
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02cff528878fbed2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Tokushima)', 'title': 'List of Historic Sites of Japan (Tokushima)', 'header': ['Site', 'Municipality', 'Type', 'Ref'], 'data': [{'value': 'Awa Kokubunni-ji Site 阿波国分尼寺跡 Awa Kokubunniji ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ishii', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishii,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Ishii ( 石井町 , Ishii-chō ) is a town located in Myōzai District , Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the town has an estimated population of 25,062 and a density of 869 persons per km² . The total area is 28.85 km² .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 1 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awa Henro-michi 阿波遍路道 Awa henro michi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anan , Kamiyama , Katsuura , Komatsushima , Miyoshi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anan,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Anan ( 阿南市 , Anan-shi ) is a city in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on May 1 , 1958 . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 70,405 and a population density of 252 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 650/sq mi ) . The total area is 279.25 km2 ( 107.82 sq mi ) . On March 20 , 2006 , the towns of Hanoura and Nakagawa ( both from Naka District ) were merged into Anan . Nichia , a global LED and electronic materials manufacturer has its headquarters in the city . Also in the city is the static inverter plant of Kii Channel HVDC system .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kamiyama,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Kamiyama ( 神山町 , Kamiyama-chō ) is a town in Myōzai District , Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the town has an estimated population of 4,724 and a density of 27.3 people per km² . The total area is 173.30 km² . The area has been settled since ancient times and is mentioned in the Nihon Shoki . Notable sights include the Amagoi Waterfalls , regularly listed among the 100 most beautiful waterfalls of Japan , plum orchards , Shosan-ji Temple , one of the 88 sites on the Shikoku pilgrimage route , and a 500-year-old Ginkgo tree , which is especially beautiful during the fall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Katsuura,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Katsuura ( 勝浦町 , Katsuura-chō ) is a town located in Katsuura District , Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the town has an estimated population of 4,953 and a density of 70.9 persons per km² . The total area is 69.83 km² .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Komatsushima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Komatsushima ( 小松島市 , Komatsushima-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on June 1 , 1951 . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 36,817 and a population density of 811 persons per km² . The total area is 45.37 km² .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Miyoshi,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Miyoshi ( 三好市 , Miyoshi-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 24,368 and a population density of 33.8 persons per km² . The total area is 721.42 km² . The modern city of Miyoshi was established on March 1 , 2006 , from the merger between the towns of Ikeda , Ikawa , Mino and Yamashiro , and the villages of Higashiiyayama and Nishiiyayama ( all from Miyoshi District ) . The City of Miyoshi has a sister city relationship with The City of The Dalles in Oregon ( USA ) .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 2 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kōzato Haiji Site 郡里廃寺跡 Kōzato Haiji ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Mima ( 美馬市 , Mima-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The modern city of Mima was established on March 1 , 2005 , from the merger of the former towns of Mima , Anabuki and Waki , and the village of Koyadaira ( all from Mima District ) . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 28,689 and a population density of 78.1 persons per km² . The total area is 367.14 km² . About 20.1% is inhabitable land .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 3 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shibunomaruyama Kofun 渋野丸山古墳 Shibunomaruyama kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tokushima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokushima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Tokushima ( 徳島市 , Tokushima-shi , Japanese : [ tokɯꜜɕima ] ) is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city had an estimated population of 255,439 and a population density of 1,335 persons per km² . Its total area is 191.39 km² . The city is situated in the north-eastern part of Tokushima Prefecture at the mouth of the Yoshino River . In terms of layout and organization , Tokushima displays the typical characteristics of a Japanese castle town . Tokushima was developed under the Hachisuka clan . Its prosperity was built on a strong indigo dye industry . The modern city of Tokushima was founded on October 1 , 1889 . At the time , it was the 10th largest city in Japan . The city is served by Tokushima Airport ( recently renamed to Awa Odori Airport ) , in nearby Matsushige .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 4 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shōzui Castle Residence Site 勝瑞城 館跡 Shōzui-jō kan ato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shōzui_Castle', 'summary': 'Shōzui Castle ( 勝瑞城 , Shōzui-jō ) is the name for the earthly remains of a castle structure in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The site was designated a National Historic Site The castle was built by Ogasawara Nagakiyo and later Miyoshi Yoshikata improved the defences of the castle after he became lord . It was a base of the Hosokawa clan who were feudal lords in Awa Province but took over by the Miyoshi clan . Sogō Kazumasa was born in the castle in 1532 . In 1582 , the castle was attacked by Chōsokabe Motochika ` s army , Sogō Masayasu abandoned the castle and headed to Toramaru Castle . Later Shōzui Castle was demolished by the Chōsokabe clan .'}]}, {'value': 'Aizumi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aizumi,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Aizumi ( 藍住町 , Aizumi-chō ) is a town located in Itano District , in northeastern Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the town has an estimated population of 35,054 and a density of 2,155 persons per km² . The total area is 16.27 km² . The historically significant site of Shozui Castle Park can be found in the east of the town . Shozui Castle Park is the site of the ruins of Shozui Castle . This castle was the stronghold from which various historical lords such as Lord Hosokawa and Lord Miyoshi ruled over Awa Province , now known as modern day Tokushima Prefecture , during the Muromachi era ( 1336-1573 ) .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 5 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tanda Kofun 丹田古墳 Tanda kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Higashimiyoshi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Higashimiyoshi,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Higashimiyoshi ( 東みよし町 , Higashimiyoshi-chō ) is a town located in Miyoshi District , Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . It was founded on March 1 , 2006 from the merger of the towns of Miyoshi and Mikamo , both from Miyoshi District . As of June 1 , 2019 the town has an estimated population of 14,025 and a density of 115 persons per km² . The total area is 122.48 km² .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 6 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dannozukaana 段の塚穴 Dannozuka ana', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Mima ( 美馬市 , Mima-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The modern city of Mima was established on March 1 , 2005 , from the merger of the former towns of Mima , Anabuki and Waki , and the village of Koyadaira ( all from Mima District ) . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 28,689 and a population density of 78.1 persons per km² . The total area is 367.14 km² . About 20.1% is inhabitable land .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 7 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tokushima Castle Site 徳島城跡 Tokushima-jō ato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokushima_Castle', 'summary': 'Tokushima Castle is a 16th-century castle on a hilltop , located in Tokushima , Tokushima , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Tokushima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokushima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Tokushima ( 徳島市 , Tokushima-shi , Japanese : [ tokɯꜜɕima ] ) is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city had an estimated population of 255,439 and a population density of 1,335 persons per km² . Its total area is 191.39 km² . The city is situated in the north-eastern part of Tokushima Prefecture at the mouth of the Yoshino River . In terms of layout and organization , Tokushima displays the typical characteristics of a Japanese castle town . Tokushima was developed under the Hachisuka clan . Its prosperity was built on a strong indigo dye industry . The modern city of Tokushima was founded on October 1 , 1889 . At the time , it was the 10th largest city in Japan . The city is served by Tokushima Airport ( recently renamed to Awa Odori Airport ) , in nearby Matsushige .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 8 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tokushima Han Hachisuka Clan Graves 徳島藩主蜂須賀家墓所 Tokushima han-shu Hachisuka-ke bosho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokushima_Domain', 'summary': 'The Tokushima Domain ( 徳島藩 , Tokushima-han ) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period . It was associated with Awa Province in modern-day Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku ; and it was associated with Awaji Province in modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture . In the han system , Tokushima was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields . In other words , the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka , not land area . This was different from the feudalism of the West .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hachisuka_clan', 'summary': "The Hachisuka clan ( 蜂須賀氏 , Hachisuka-shi ) are descendants of Emperor Seiwa ( 850-880 ) and are a branch of the Ashikaga clan and the Shiba clan ( Seiwa Genji ) . Ashikaga Ieuji ( 13th century ) , son of Ashikaga Yasuuji , was the first who adopted the name of Shiba . The Shiba were shugo ( governors ) of Echizen , Owari and other provinces , and were during the Ashikaga shogunate one of three families ( Shiba , Hosokawa and Hatakeyama ) from which the Kyoto-kanryo ( prime minister of the shōgun ) could be chosen . Shiba Masaaki , the descendant of Shiba Takatsune ( + 1367 ) , established himself in Hachisuka , near Kiso river at the border of Owari and Mino provinces , whence he took the name Hachisuka . In the 16th century , the Hachisuka clan came to prominence thanks to its head , Hachisuka Koroku . His uncle held Hachisuka castle and he lived first in Miyaushiro castle which was his mother 's family home . Koroku served the Oda clan , being instrumental in several of the early victories of Oda Nobunaga . He later went on to serve under Toyotomi Hideyoshi ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokushima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokushima,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Tokushima ( 徳島市 , Tokushima-shi , Japanese : [ tokɯꜜɕima ] ) is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city had an estimated population of 255,439 and a population density of 1,335 persons per km² . Its total area is 191.39 km² . The city is situated in the north-eastern part of Tokushima Prefecture at the mouth of the Yoshino River . In terms of layout and organization , Tokushima displays the typical characteristics of a Japanese castle town . Tokushima was developed under the Hachisuka clan . Its prosperity was built on a strong indigo dye industry . The modern city of Tokushima was founded on October 1 , 1889 . At the time , it was the 10th largest city in Japan . The city is served by Tokushima Airport ( recently renamed to Awa Odori Airport ) , in nearby Matsushige .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 9 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naruto Itano Kofun Cluster 鳴門板野古墳群 Naruto Itano kofun-gun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naruto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naruto,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Naruto ( 鳴門市 , Naruto-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on March 15 , 1947 . In the quinquennial census of June 1 , 2019 , the city had a population of 56,222 ( 2005 : 63,200 ) . With a total area of 135.66 km² , the population density is 414 persons per km² . The Naruto whirlpools are between Naruto and Awaji Island in Hyōgo . The Ōtsuka Museum of Art is the largest exhibition space in Japan . Ryōzen-ji and Gokuraku-ji , the first two of the 88 temples of the Shikoku Pilgrimage , are in Naruto , along with Tōrin-in and Ōasahiko Jinja . Naruto has the home stadium of professional football team Tokushima Vortis and of baseball team Tokushima Indigo Socks .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 10 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bandō Prisoner-of-War Camp 板東俘虜収容所跡 Bandō furyoshūyōjo ato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandō_prisoner-of-war_camp', 'summary': 'The Bandō POW camp ( 板東俘虜収容所 , Bandō Furyoshūyōsho ) was a prisoner-of-war camp during World War I in what is now Naruto , Tokushima Prefecture , Shikoku Island , Japan . From April 1917 to January 1920 , just under a thousand of the 3,900 German soldiers captured at Tsingtao , China in November 1914 were imprisoned at the camp . When the camp closed in 1920 , sixty-three of the prisoners chose to remain in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Naruto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naruto,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Naruto ( 鳴門市 , Naruto-shi ) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on March 15 , 1947 . In the quinquennial census of June 1 , 2019 , the city had a population of 56,222 ( 2005 : 63,200 ) . With a total area of 135.66 km² , the population density is 414 persons per km² . The Naruto whirlpools are between Naruto and Awaji Island in Hyōgo . The Ōtsuka Museum of Art is the largest exhibition space in Japan . Ryōzen-ji and Gokuraku-ji , the first two of the 88 temples of the Shikoku Pilgrimage , are in Naruto , along with Tōrin-in and Ōasahiko Jinja . Naruto has the home stadium of professional football team Tokushima Vortis and of baseball team Tokushima Indigo Socks .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 11 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wakasugiyama Cinnabar Production Site 若杉山辰砂採掘遺跡 Wakasugiyama shinsa saikutsu iseki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cinnabar', 'summary': 'Cinnabar ( /ˈsɪnəbɑːr/ ) or cinnabarite ( /sɪnəˈbɑːraɪt/ ) , likely deriving from the Ancient Greek : κιννάβαρι ( kinnabari ) , is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury ( II ) sulfide ( HgS ) . It is the most common source ore for refining elemental mercury , and is the historic source for the brilliant red or scarlet pigment termed vermilion and associated red mercury pigments . Cinnabar generally occurs as a vein-filling mineral associated with recent volcanic activity and alkaline hot springs . The mineral resembles quartz in symmetry and in its exhibiting birefringence . Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2 , a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5 , and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1 . The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system , crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning . Cinnabar has been used for its color since antiquity in the Near East , including as a rouge-type cosmetic , in the New World since the Olmec culture , and in China since as early as the Yangshao culture , where it was used in coloring stoneware . Associated modern precautions for use and handling of cinnabar arise from the toxicity of the mercury component , which was recognized as early as ancient Rome .'}]}, {'value': 'Anan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anan,_Tokushima', 'summary': 'Anan ( 阿南市 , Anan-shi ) is a city in Tokushima Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on May 1 , 1958 . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 70,405 and a population density of 252 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 650/sq mi ) . The total area is 279.25 km2 ( 107.82 sq mi ) . On March 20 , 2006 , the towns of Hanoura and Nakagawa ( both from Naka District ) were merged into Anan . Nichia , a global LED and electronic materials manufacturer has its headquarters in the city . Also in the city is the static inverter plant of Kii Channel HVDC system .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 12 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'National Historic Sites', 'section_text': 'As of 1 July 2019 , twelve Sites have been designated as being of national significance . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Tokushima)_0', 'intro': 'This list is of the Historic Sites of Japan located within the Prefecture of Tokushima.'}
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Ref . [ 6 ] is located in a Municipality with a population of how many people ?
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14,025
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02d016c8e2f10655
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Ontario', 'title': 'List of highways in Ontario', 'header': ['Route', 'From', 'To', 'Length', 'Formed'], 'data': [{'value': 'Highway 400', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400', 'summary': "King 's Highway 400 , commonly referred to as Highway 400 , historically as the Toronto-Barrie Highway , and colloquially as the 400 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking the city of Toronto in the urban and agricultural south of the province with the scenic and sparsely populated central and northern regions . The portion of the highway between Toronto and Lake Simcoe roughly traces the route of the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail , a historic trail between the Lower and Upper Great Lakes . North of Highway 12 , in combination with Highway 69 , it forms a branch of the Trans-Canada Highway , the Georgian Bay Route , and is part of the highest-capacity route from southern Ontario to the Canadian West , via a connection with the mainline of the TCH in Sudbury . The highway also serves as the primary route from Toronto to southern Georgian Bay and Muskoka , areas collectively known as cottage country . The highway is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police and has a speed limit of 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) , except for the section south of the 401 , where the speed limit is 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) . Highway 400 is the second longest freeway in the province , the trans-provincial Highway 401 being the longest . It was the first fully controlled-access highway in Ontario when it was opened between North York and Barrie on July 1 , 1952 . On that date , it was also the first highway to be designated as a 400-series . The freeway was extended in both directions ; north of Barrie to Coldwater in 1958 , and south of Highway 401 to Jane Street in 1966 . It was widened between North York and Barrie in the 1970s . Since 1977 , construction on the freeway has been snaking north along Highway 69 towards Parry Sound and Sudbury . As of 2011 , a four lane freeway is opened as far north as Carling ; at that point , the four lanes narrow into two and continue northerly to Sudbury as Highway 69 ."}]}, {'value': 'Maple Leaf Drive Overpass in Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 69 in Parry Sound extension to Highway 17 in Sudbury under construction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_69', 'summary': "King 's Highway 69 , commonly referred to as Highway 69 , is a major north-south highway in the central portion of the Canadian province of Ontario , linking the northern terminus of Highway 400 north of Parry Sound with the city of Greater Sudbury at Highway 17 . It is part of the Trans-Canada Highway and the National Highway System . From its northerly terminus at Sudbury , the highway is a four-lane undivided route running for several kilometres before dividing into a freeway south of Crown Ridge . As of July 2016 , this freeway segment extends south 49 km to a point 5 km north of the French River . From there , the route narrows to a two-lane highway to its southerly terminus , located three kilometres north of Highway 559 at Carling . At this terminus , the roadway widens back into a freeway and changes its designation to Highway 400 . South of this point , various former alignments of Highway 69 remain in use as directional carriageways of Highway 400 or as local roads . The highway forms part of the Georgian Bay Route of the Trans-Canada Highway , which continues south along Highway 400 . Highway 69 was first designated in 1936 when the Department of Highways ( DHO ) assumed the Rama Road between Atherley and Washago . This short route was expanded the following year when the DHO merged with the Department of Northern Development and expanded the King 's Highway network north of the Severn River . By the beginning of World War II , the route reached as far north as Britt ; a separate segment connected the town of Burwash with Sudbury . However , the rationing of labour and materials due to the war effort resulted in these two sections remaining separated until the mid-1950s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Parry_Sound,_Ontario', 'summary': "Parry Sound is a town in Ontario , Canada , located on the eastern shore of the sound after which it is named . Parry Sound is located 160 km ( 99 mi ) south of Sudbury and 225 km ( 140 mi ) north of Toronto . It is a single tier government located in the territorial District of Parry Sound which has no second tier County , Regional or District level of government . Parry Sound is a popular cottage country region for Southern Ontario residents . It also has the world 's deepest natural freshwater port ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17', 'summary': "King 's Highway 17 , more commonly known as Highway 17 , is a provincially maintained highway and the primary route of the Trans-Canada Highway through the Canadian province of Ontario . It begins at the Manitoba boundary , 50 km ( 31 mi ) west of Kenora , and the main section ends where Highway 417 begins just west of Arnprior . A small disconnected signed section of the highway still remains within the Ottawa Region between County Road 29 and Grants Side Rd . This makes it Ontario 's longest highway . [ note 1 ] The highway once extended even farther to the Quebec boundary in East Hawkesbury with a peak length of about 2,180 km ( 1,350 mi ) . However , a section of Highway 17 disappeared when the Ottawa section of it was upgraded to the freeway Highway 417 in 1971 . Highway 17 was not re-routed through Ottawa , nor did it share numbering with Highway 417 to rectify the discontinuity , even though Highway 417 formed a direct link between the western and eastern sections of Highway 17 . However , from East Hawkesbury to Ottawa , Highway 17 retained the Trans-Canada Highway routing and signs until it met up again and merged with Highway 417 until 1997 when Highway 17 through Ottawa was downgraded . The Trans-Canada Highway designation now extends along all of Highway 417 . Ontario Highway 17 is a very important part of the national highway system in Canada , as it is the sole highway linking the eastern and western regions of the country . Although other small roads connect the province of Ontario with the province of Manitoba , it is the only major highway that links the two , making it a crucial section of Canada 's primary commercial and leisure route for all traffic travelling between Canada 's largest cities , from Toronto and Montreal in the east to Calgary and Vancouver in the west ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Greater_Sudbury', 'summary': 'Sudbury , officially Greater Sudbury ( French : Grand-Sudbury ) , is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population , with a population of 161,531 at the 2016 Canadian Census . By land area , it is the largest in Ontario and the fifth largest in Canada . It is administratively a Unitary authority , and thus not part of any district , county , or regional municipality . The Sudbury region was inhabited by the Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group for thousands of years prior to the founding of Sudbury following the discovery of nickel ore in 1883 during the construction of the transcontinental railway . Greater Sudbury was formed in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury with several previously unincorporated townships . Being located inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal with average January lows of around −18 °C ( 0 °F ) and average July highs of 25 °C ( 77 °F ) . The population resides in an urban core and many smaller communities scattered around 330 lakes and among hills of rock blackened by historical smelting activity . Sudbury was once a major lumber centre and a world leader in nickel mining . Mining and related industries dominated the economy for much of the 20th century . The two major mining companies which shaped the history of Sudbury were Inco , now Vale Limited , which employed more than 25% of the population by the 1970s , and Falconbridge , now Glencore . Sudbury has since expanded from its resource-based economy to emerge as the major retail , economic , health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario .'}]}, {'value': '226.0 km ( 140.4 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 401', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}]}, {'value': 'Ojibway Parkway in Windsor extension to Interstate 75 in Detroit under construction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ojibway_Parkway', 'summary': "King 's Highway 18 , commonly referred to as Highway 18 was the longest highway in Essex County , Ontario , and travelled through the most communities . Today , it is known as County Road 20 . From 1930 to 1998 , much of the road was Highway 18 , but was turned back on April 1 , 1998 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario', 'summary': "Windsor is a city in southwestern Ontario , Canada , on the south bank of the Detroit River directly across from Detroit , Michigan . Located in Essex County , it is the southernmost city in Canada and marks the southwestern end of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor . The city 's population was 217,188 at the 2016 census , making it the third-most populated city in Southwestern Ontario , after London and Kitchener . The Detroit-Windsor urban area is North America 's most populous trans-border conurbation , and the Ambassador Bridge border crossing is the busiest commercial crossing on the Canada-United States border . Windsor is a major contributor to Canada 's automotive industry and is culturally diverse . Known as the Automotive Capital of Canada , Windsor 's industrial and manufacturing heritage is responsible for how the city has developed through the years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Interstate_75', 'summary': 'Interstate 75 ( I-75 ) is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes and Southeastern regions of the United States . As with most Interstates that end in a five , it is a major cross-country , north-south route , one of the longest in the U.S. , from southern Florida to the easternmost point of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . It travels from State Road 826 ( SR 826 , Palmetto Expressway ) and SR 924 ( Gratigny Parkway ) on the Hialeah-Miami Lakes border ( northwest of Miami , Florida ) to Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan , at the Canadian border . I-75 passes through six different states over its routing . The highway runs the length of the Florida peninsula from the Miami area and up the Gulf Coast through Tampa . Farther north in Georgia , I-75 connects to Macon and Atlanta before running through Chattanooga and Knoxville and the Cumberland Mountains in Tennessee . I-75 crosses Kentucky , passing through Lexington before crossing the Ohio River into Cincinnati , Ohio . In Ohio , the highway runs up the western side through Dayton before crossing into Michigan north of Toledo . I-75 runs northeasterly along the Lake Erie shoreline and Detroit River into the city of Detroit before turning northwesterly and northward to the Mackinac Bridge where the freeway crosses the strait between Lakes Huron and Michigan . Farther north , I-75 approaches the Canadian border down river from Lake Superior , 1,786 miles ( 2,874 km ) from its origins near the Atlantic Ocean .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Detroit', 'summary': "Detroit ( /dɪˈtrɔɪt/ , locally also /ˈdiːtrɔɪt/ ; French : Détroit , lit . 'strait ' ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan , the largest U.S. city on the United States-Canada border , and the seat of Wayne County . The municipality of Detroit had a 2018 estimated population of 672,662 , making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States . The metropolitan area , known as Metro Detroit , is home to 4.3 million people , making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area . Regarded as a major cultural center , Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art , architecture and design . Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River , one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway . The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States . The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest , behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis-Saint Paul , and the 13th-largest in the United States . Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel , railway tunnel , and the Ambassador Bridge , which is the second busiest international crossing in North America , after San Diego-Tijuana . Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry , and the Big Three auto manufacturers General Motors , Ford , and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit . In 1701 , Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit , the future city of Detroit . During the 19th century , it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region ."}]}, {'value': 'Autoroute 20 towards Montreal at the Ontario and Quebec border', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Autoroute_20_(Quebec)', 'summary': "Autoroute 20 is a Quebec Autoroute , following the Saint Lawrence River through one of the more densely populated parts of Canada , with its central section forming the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway from the A-25 interchange to the A-85 interchange . At 585 km ( 363.5 mi ) , it is the longest Autoroute in Quebec . It is one of two main links between Montreal and Quebec City ; the other is the A-40 . There are two sections of the A-20 , separated by a 57 km ( 35.4 mi ) gap . The mainline extends for 540 km ( 335.5 mi ) from the Ontario border to its current terminus at Trois-Pistoles . The second , more northerly section is far shorter ( 44 km ( 27.3 mi ) ) . Constructed as a super two autoroute ( one lane in each direction ) , this section of the A-20 bypasses Rimouski to the south and ends at a roundabout junction with Highway 132 in Mont-Joli . While the Quebec government has completed environmental and economic reviews of the impact of linking the two sections of Autoroute 20 , it has not committed the funds necessary for construction . Citing the high number of accidents on the Rimouski-Mont-Joli link of the A-20 , many politicians in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region have criticized the government 's lack of progress in linking the two sections of autoroute and twinning the two-lane portion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': '828.0 km ( 514.5 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 402', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_402', 'summary': "King 's Highway 402 , commonly referred to as Highway 402 and historically as the Blue Water Bridge Approach , is a freeway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Blue Water Bridge international crossing near Sarnia to Highway 401 in London . It is one of multiple trade links between Ontario and the Midwestern United States . Its 400-series number denotes a King 's Highway with controlled access . It is four lanes for much of its length , though the approach to the Blue Water Bridge is six lanes . Although Highway 402 was one of the original 400-series highways when it was designated in 1953 , the freeway originally merged into Highway 7 near the present Highway 40 interchange in what was , at the time , Sarnia Township . In 1972 , construction began to extend Highway 402 from Sarnia to Highway 401 near London thus creating a bypass to Highway 7 ; construction took over a decade . The final section of the extension , between Highway 81 and Highway 2 , opened to traffic in 1982 . The removal of an intersection at Front Street in Sarnia made the entire route a controlled-access highway . Motorists crossing into Michigan at the western end have direct access to Interstate 69 ( I-69 ) and Interstate 94 ( I-94 ) into Port Huron ; motorists crossing onto the Canadian side from the east end of I-69 and I-94 have access to Toronto via Highway 401 , and onwards to Montreal via A-20 in Quebec . The only town along Highway 402 between Sarnia and London is Strathroy ."}]}, {'value': 'Bluewater Bridge in Sarnia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bluewater_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Blue Water Bridge is a twin-span international bridge across the St. Clair River that links Port Huron , Michigan , United States , and Sarnia , Ontario , Canada . The Blue Water Bridge connects Highway 402 in Ontario with both Interstate 69 ( I-69 ) and Interstate 94 ( I-94 ) in Michigan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarnia,_Ontario', 'summary': "Sarnia is a city in Southwestern Ontario , Canada , and had a 2016 population of 71,594 . It is the largest city on Lake Huron and in Lambton County . Sarnia is located on the eastern bank of the junction between the Upper and Lower Great Lakes where Lake Huron flows into the St. Clair River , which forms the Canada-United States border , directly across from Port Huron , Michigan . The site 's natural harbour first attracted the French explorer La Salle . He named the site The Rapids on 23 August 1679 , when he had horses and men pull his 45-ton barque Le Griffon north against the nearly four-knot current of the St. Clair River . This was the first time that a vessel other than a canoe or other oar-powered vessel had sailed into Lake Huron , and La Salle 's voyage was germinal in the development of commercial shipping on the Great Lakes . Located in the natural harbour , the Sarnia port remains an important centre for lake freighters and oceangoing ships carrying cargoes of grain and petroleum products . The natural port and the salt caverns that exist in the surrounding areas , together with the oil discovered in nearby Oil Springs in 1858 , led to the dramatic growth of the petroleum industry in this area . Because Oil Springs was the first place in Canada and North America to drill commercially for oil , the knowledge that was acquired there resulted in oil drillers from Sarnia travelling the world teaching other enterprises and nations how to drill for oil . The complex of refining and chemical companies is called Chemical Valley and located south of downtown Sarnia . In 2011 the city had the highest level of particulates air pollution of any Canadian city , but it has since dropped to rank 30th in this hazard . About 60 percent of the particulate matter comes industries and polluters in the neighbouring United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London,_Ontario', 'summary': "London is a city in southwestern Ontario , Canada , along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor . The city had a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census . London is at the confluence of the Thames River , approximately 200 km ( 120 mi ) from both Toronto and Detroit ; and about 230 km ( 140 mi ) from Buffalo , New York . The city of London is a separated municipality , politically separate from Middlesex County , though it remains the county seat . London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe , who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada . The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman . The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855 . Since then , London has grown to be the largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada 's 11th largest metropolitan area , having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it . London is a regional centre of healthcare and education , being home to the University of Western Ontario ( which brands itself Western University ) , Fanshawe College , and several hospitals ( including a University Hospital ) . The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals , which contribute to its tourism industry , but its economic activity is centred on education , medical research , insurance , and information technology . London 's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers . London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402 , connecting it to Toronto , Windsor and Sarnia ."}]}, {'value': '102.5 km ( 63.7 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 403', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403', 'summary': "King 's Highway 403 ( pronounced four-oh-three ) , or simply Highway 403 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that travels between Woodstock and Mississauga , branching off from and reuniting with Highway 401 at both ends and travelling south of it through Hamilton ( where it is also known as the Chedoke Expressway ) and Mississauga . It is concurrent with the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) for 22 km ( 14 mi ) from Burlington to Oakville . Although the Highway 403 designation was first applied in 1963 to a short stub of freeway branching off the QEW , the entire route was not completed until August 15 , 1997 , when the section from Brantford to the then-still independent Town of Ancaster was opened to traffic . The section of Highway 403 between Woodstock and Burlington was formally dedicated as the Alexander Graham Bell Parkway on April 27 , 2016 . The majority of Highway 403 is surrounded by suburban land use , except west of Ancaster , where it passes through agricultural land ; Brantford is the only urban area through this section . In Hamilton , Highway 403 descends the Niagara Escarpment , then wraps around the northern side of Hamilton Harbour to encounter the QEW . From there , co-signed with the QEW , it travels straight through Burlington and Oakville , departing from the QEW to the north at the Mississauga-Oakville boundary . The freeway then crosses through the centre of Mississauga in an east-west direction , serving its city centre , before turning north . Highway 403 then ends at Highway 401 , but the physical freeway continues north of Highway 401 as Highway 410 to Brampton ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Woodstock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Woodstock,_Ontario', 'summary': "Woodstock is a city in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . The city has a population of 40,902 according to the 2016 Canadian census . Woodstock is the seat of Oxford County , at the head of the non-navigable Thames River , approximately 128 km from Toronto , and 43 km from London , Ontario . The city is known as the Dairy Capital of Canada and promotes itself as The Friendly City . Woodstock was first settled by European-colonists and United Empire Loyalists in 1800 , starting with Zacharias Burtch and Levi Luddington , and was incorporated as a town in 1851 . Since then , Woodstock has maintained steady growth , and is now a small city in Southwestern Ontario . As a small historic city , Woodstock is one of the few cities in Ontario to still have all of its original administration buildings . The city has developed a strong economic focus towards manufacturing and tourism . It is also a market city for the surrounding agricultural industry . Woodstock is home to a campus of Fanshawe College . The city plays host to a number of cultural and artistic exhibits , including the Woodstock Museum , a national historic site . Woodstock 's summer festivals contribute to its tourism industry ; however , its economic activity is centred on the manufacturing centre , the city being home to several auto-manufacturing factories ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Mississagua near Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mississagua', 'summary': "Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə/ ( listen ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario and a suburb of Toronto . It is situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel , bordering Toronto . With a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census , Mississauga is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada , third-most in Ontario , and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area . The growth of Mississauga is attributed to its proximity to Toronto . During the latter half of the 20th century , the city attracted a multicultural population and built up a thriving central business district . It is home to Toronto Pearson International Airport , Canada 's busiest airport , as well as the headquarters of many Canadian and multinational corporations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '125.2 km ( 77.8 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 404', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_404', 'summary': "King 's Highway 404 ( pronounced four-oh-four ) , also known as Highway 404 and colloquially as the 404 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario connecting Highway 401 and the Don Valley Parkway ( DVP ) in Toronto with East Gwillimbury . The 50.1-kilometre ( 31.1 mi ) controlled-access highway also connects with Highway 407 in Markham . Highway 404 provides access to the eastern edge of Richmond Hill , Aurora and Newmarket and the western edge of Whitchurch-Stouffville , in addition to the southern edge of Keswick . Construction on the freeway began soon after the completion of the Don Valley Parkway , with the first section south of Steeles Avenue opening in 1977 . Over the next twelve years , the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) undertook a continuous construction program to build the freeway to Davis Drive in Newmarket . This was completed on 24 October 1989 . The route has undergone a periodic series of smaller extensions and widening in the years since , now travelling a further 15.5 km ( 9.6 mi ) north to Woodbine Avenue near Ravenshoe Road in the town of East Gwillimbury . Future proposals may one day result in an extension to southeast of Beaverton . Highway 404 is one of several freeways in the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) with High-Occupancy Vehicle ( HOV ) lanes ; the southbound lane was one of the initial projects in the province and opened on 13 December 2005 . The northbound lane opened on 23 July 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Woodbine Avenue in East Gwillimbury and Keswick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woodbine_Avenue', 'summary': 'Woodbine Avenue consists of three north-south road sections in the Greater Toronto Area , Canada :'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Gwillimbury', 'summary': 'East Gwillimbury is a town on the East Holland River in the Regional Municipality of York . It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario , in Canada . It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township . The main centres in East Gwillimbury are the villages of Holland Landing , Queensville , Sharon , and Mount Albert . The Civic Centre ( municipal offices ) are located along Leslie Street in Sharon . The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury , just south of Ravenshoe Road . The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits . East Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe , née Gwillim , wife of Sir John Graves Simcoe , the first Lieutenant Governor of Ontario .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keswick,_Ontario', 'summary': "Keswick ( /ˈkɛzˌwɪk/ ) is a community located in the south central Canadian province of Ontario . Situated north of Toronto on Cook 's Bay ( part of Lake Simcoe ) , Keswick is part of the Town of Georgina , the northernmost municipality in the Regional Municipality of York . In the Canada 2016 Census , the municipal population of Keswick was 26,757 ."}]}, {'value': '49.3 km ( 30.6 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 405', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_405', 'summary': "King 's Highway 405 , also known as Highway 405 and the General Brock Parkway , is a 400-Series Highway in the Canadian province of Ontario connecting the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) near St. Catharines with the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge in the village of Queenston . It then crosses the Niagara River , where it encounters the international border with the United States and continues into New York as Interstate 190 ( I-190 ) . Designated and under construction by 1960 , the short freeway was opened to traffic on September 11 , 1963 . Since that time , an interchange was added in 1969 and another removed in 2004 . On August 13 , 2006 , Highway 405 was dedicated the General Brock Parkway . The entire length of Highway 405 is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police ( OPP ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Way in St. Catharines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/St._Catharines', 'summary': "St. Catharines is the largest city in Canada 's Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario , with 96.13 square kilometres ( 37.1 sq mi ) of land and 133,113 residents in 2016 . It lies in Southern Ontario , 51 kilometres ( 32 mi ) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario , and is 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River . It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal . Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Cathariners . St. Catharines carries the official nickname The Garden City due to its 1,000 acres ( 4 km2 ) of parks , gardens , and trails . St. Catharines is between the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) and the Canada-U.S. border at Fort Erie . Manufacturing is the city 's dominant industry , as noted by the heraldic motto , Industry and Liberality . General Motors of Canada , Ltd. , the Canadian subsidiary of General Motors , was the city 's largest employer , a distinction now held by the District School Board of Niagara . THK Rhythm Automotive , formerly TRW , operates a plant in the city , though in recent years employment there has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services . St. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States , and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city . It is designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe , intended to achieve a minimum density target of 150 jobs and residents combined per hectare by 2032 or earlier ."}]}, {'value': 'Lewiston-Queenston Bridge in Queenston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewiston-Queenston_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Lewiston-Queenston Bridge , also known as the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge , is an arch bridge that crosses the Niagara River gorge just south of the Niagara Escarpment . The bridge was officially opened on November 1 , 1962 . It is an international bridge between the United States and Canada . It connects Interstate 190 in the town of Lewiston , New York to Highway 405 in the community of Queenston , Ontario . The Lewiston-Queenston Bridge is a twin of the Rainbow Bridge at Niagara Falls and designed by Richard ( Su Min ) Lee . Customs plazas are located on both ends of the bridge , with tolls only being charged on entering Canada ( USD $ 3.75 or CAD $ 5.00 per automobile as of May 28 , 2019 ) . The bridge accepts E-ZPass electronic toll collection and houses the second Canadian E-ZPass collection facility , after the nearby Peace Bridge . Also , two duty-free stores are located between the two plazas . The bridge permits no pedestrians , but licensed taxi service is permitted . The Lewiston-Queenston Bridge lacks expedited border clearance facilities for NEXUS and FAST card holders traveling from Canada to the United States , but does have a NEXUS lane for travel into Canada . Gantries have lights indicating the direction of traffic as the lanes are reversible . Speed limit is posted in kilometres and miles per hour ( 15 mph or 24 km/h limit ) along the bridge .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Queenston,_Ontario', 'summary': "Queenston is a compact rural community and unincorporated place 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) north of Niagara Falls in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake , Ontario , Canada . It is bordered by Highway 405 to the south and the Niagara River to the east ; its location at the eponymous Queenston Heights on the Niagara Escarpment led to the establishment of the Queenston Quarry in the area . Across the river and the Canada-US border is the village of Lewiston , New York . The Lewiston-Queenston Bridge links the two communities . This village is at the point where the Niagara River began eroding the Niagara Escarpment . During the ensuing 12,000 years the Falls cut an 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) long gorge in the Escarpment southward to its present-day position . In the early 19th century , the community 's name was spelled as Queenstown . Queenston marks the southern terminus of the Bruce Trail . The cairn marking the trail 's terminus is in a parking lot , about 160 metres ( 520 ft ) from General Brock 's Monument on the easterly side of the monument 's park grounds ."}]}, {'value': '8.7 km ( 5.4 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 406', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_406', 'summary': "King 's Highway 406 ( pronounced four-oh-six ) , commonly referred to as Highway 406 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . The primary north-south route though the central portion of the Niagara Peninsula , Highway 406 connects Welland , Thorold and downtown St. Catharines to the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) . Construction of Highway 406 began in 1963 . The first section opened between St. Davids Road and Geneva Street on December 7 , 1965 , followed by a southward extension to Beaverdams Road in late 1969 . The route was later extended south as a super two to Merritt Road where it became Highway 58 . In 1977 , construction began to connect the freeway with the QEW ; this was completed in late 1984 . Construction on the route resumed in 1987 , connecting the route with East Main Street in Welland , completed in 1995 . In 2009 construction resumed on the highway to expand the remaining two lane sections to a four-lane divided freeway , with the existing route becoming the southbound lanes of the new freeway . The southern terminus in Welland was converted to a roundabout while the remaining at-grade intersections were rebuilt as interchanges ."}]}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Way in St. Catharines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/St._Catharines', 'summary': "St. Catharines is the largest city in Canada 's Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario , with 96.13 square kilometres ( 37.1 sq mi ) of land and 133,113 residents in 2016 . It lies in Southern Ontario , 51 kilometres ( 32 mi ) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario , and is 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River . It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal . Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Cathariners . St. Catharines carries the official nickname The Garden City due to its 1,000 acres ( 4 km2 ) of parks , gardens , and trails . St. Catharines is between the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) and the Canada-U.S. border at Fort Erie . Manufacturing is the city 's dominant industry , as noted by the heraldic motto , Industry and Liberality . General Motors of Canada , Ltd. , the Canadian subsidiary of General Motors , was the city 's largest employer , a distinction now held by the District School Board of Niagara . THK Rhythm Automotive , formerly TRW , operates a plant in the city , though in recent years employment there has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services . St. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States , and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city . It is designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe , intended to achieve a minimum density target of 150 jobs and residents combined per hectare by 2032 or earlier ."}]}, {'value': 'East Main Street in Welland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Main_Street', 'summary': 'The Main Street Tunnel , located in Welland , Ontario , Canada , is an underwater tunnel , carrying Niagara Road 27 and the unsigned designation of Highway 7146 under the Welland Canal . It is named as a part of East Main Street . The structure was built as a part of the Welland By-Pass project . Its construction was relatively easy since , like the Townline Tunnel , it was constructed at the same time as the channel above it and a simple cut and cover . The tunnel was officially opened on May 20 , 1972 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Welland', 'summary': "Welland is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Southern Ontario , Canada . In 2016 , it had a population of 52,293 . The city is in the centre of Niagara and located within a half-hour driving distance to Niagara Falls , Niagara-On-The-Lake , St. Catharines , and Port Colborne . It has been traditionally known as the place where rails and water meet , referring to the railways from Buffalo to Toronto and Southwestern Ontario , and the waterways of Welland Canal and Welland River , which played a great role in the city 's development . The city has developed on both sides of the Welland River and Welland Canal , which connect Lake Erie and Lake Ontario ."}]}, {'value': '26.0 km ( 16.2 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '/ Highway 407', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407', 'summary': "King 's Highway 407 ( pronounced four-oh-seven ) is a tolled 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . Comprising a privately leased segment as well as a publicly owned segment , the route spans the entire Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) around the city of Toronto , travelling through the suburbs of Burlington , Oakville , Mississauga , Brampton , Vaughan , Markham , Pickering , Whitby , and Oshawa before ending in Clarington , north of Bowmanville . At 151.4 km long , this is the fourth longest freeway in Ontario 's 400 series network , after Highways 417 , 400 , and 401 . The segment between Burlington and Brougham in Pickering is leased to and operated by the 407 ETR Concession Company Limited and is officially known as the 407 Express Toll Route ( 407 ETR ) . It begins at the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) and Highway 403 in Burlington , and travels 108.0 km ( 67.1 mi ) across the GTA to Brock Road in Pickering . East of Brock Road , the tollway continues east as Highway 407 ( referred to as Highway 407 East during development to distinguish it from the 407 ETR ) , a toll route operated by the provincial government , for 43.4 km ( 27.0 mi ) to Highway 35/115 in Clarington . Major interchanges along the route include the QEW , Highway 403 , Highway 401 , Highway 410 , Highway 427 , Highway 400 , Highway 404 , Highway 412 , and Highway 418 . Highway 407 is an electronically operated toll highway ; there are no toll booths along the length of the route . Distances are calculated automatically using transponders or licence plates , which are scanned at entrance and exit points . Highway 407 was planned in the late 1950s as a freeway bypassing the Toronto segment of Highway 401 , the busiest highway in the world . However , construction did not begin until 1987 . During the early 1990s , the provincial government proposed tolling the highway to alleviate a revenue shortfall ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 403 / Queen Elizabeth Way in Burlington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403', 'summary': "King 's Highway 403 ( pronounced four-oh-three ) , or simply Highway 403 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that travels between Woodstock and Mississauga , branching off from and reuniting with Highway 401 at both ends and travelling south of it through Hamilton ( where it is also known as the Chedoke Expressway ) and Mississauga . It is concurrent with the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) for 22 km ( 14 mi ) from Burlington to Oakville . Although the Highway 403 designation was first applied in 1963 to a short stub of freeway branching off the QEW , the entire route was not completed until August 15 , 1997 , when the section from Brantford to the then-still independent Town of Ancaster was opened to traffic . The section of Highway 403 between Woodstock and Burlington was formally dedicated as the Alexander Graham Bell Parkway on April 27 , 2016 . The majority of Highway 403 is surrounded by suburban land use , except west of Ancaster , where it passes through agricultural land ; Brantford is the only urban area through this section . In Hamilton , Highway 403 descends the Niagara Escarpment , then wraps around the northern side of Hamilton Harbour to encounter the QEW . From there , co-signed with the QEW , it travels straight through Burlington and Oakville , departing from the QEW to the north at the Mississauga-Oakville boundary . The freeway then crosses through the centre of Mississauga in an east-west direction , serving its city centre , before turning north . Highway 403 then ends at Highway 401 , but the physical freeway continues north of Highway 401 as Highway 410 to Brampton ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario', 'summary': "Burlington is a city in the Regional Municipality of Halton at the northwestern end of Lake Ontario in Ontario , Canada . Along with Milton to the north , Burlington forms the west end of the Greater Toronto Area , and is also part of the Hamilton metropolitan census area . Burlington lies between Lake Ontario 's north shore and the Niagara Escarpment ."}]}, {'value': 'Ontario Highway 35 / 115 in Clarington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_35', 'summary': "King 's Highway 35 , also known as Highway 35 , is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Ontario , linking Highway 401 with Peterborough , Kawartha Lakes , and Algonquin Park . The highway travels from west of Newcastle , through Lindsay and the Kawarthas and into Haliburton before terminating at Highway 60 to the west of Algonquin Park , the province 's largest . The winding course of the highway , combined with the picturesque views offered along its length , have led some to declare it the most scenic highway in Ontario . Most of the highway , including a portion of today 's Highway 60 , was assumed by the Department of Highways by 1940 . In 1961 , Highway 115 was signed concurrently with Highway 35 for 19 kilometres ( 12 mi ) . This was widened to a divided expressway in the late eighties . In the mid-1950s , several bypasses were constructed to divert Highway 35 away from town centres such as Lindsay , Fenelon Falls and Minden . Highway 35 is patrolled along its entirety by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit for most of the length of the highway is 80 kilometres per hour ( 50 mph ) , slowing to 50 km/h ( 31 mph ) within built-up areas , and increasing to 90 km/h ( 56 mph ) when it connects with Highway 115 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_115', 'summary': "King 's Highway 115 , commonly referred to as Highway 115 is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects Peterborough with Toronto via Highway 401 . The highway begins at a junction with Highway 401 southwest of Newcastle and ends at an at-grade intersection with Highway 7 east of Peterborough . Highway 115 is part of the Algonquin Trail and concurrent with Highway 35 from its southern terminus in Clarington to Enterprise Hill , where it veers towards Peterborough and Highway 35 continues north into the Kawarthas . It is also part of the Trans-Canada Highway from the interchange with Highway 7 south of Springville , Ontario to the northern terminus of the highway . Highway 115 is a freeway northeast of Enterprise Hill and a Right-in/right-out ( RIRO ) expressway south of it , featuring short ramps with abrupt right turns to and from the highway . By January 2010 , exit numbers were added to the freeway section north of the Highway 35 concurrency ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clarington', 'summary': 'Clarington ( 2016 population 92,013 ) is a lower-tier municipality in the Regional Municipality of Durham in Ontario , Canada . It was incorporated in 1973 as the town of Newcastle with the merging of the town of Bowmanville and the townships of Clarke and Darlington . In 1994 , the town was renamed Clarington , a portmanteau of the names of the two former townships . Bowmanville is the largest community in the municipality and is the home of the municipal offices . Clarington is part of the Oshawa census metropolitan area in the eastern end of the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) . Major employers in Clarington include the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station , General Motors Canada , and several medium to large-sized manufacturing businesses . Most residents commute for work in Durham Region or Toronto . Clarington was a candidate location to host ITER in 2001 , but the bid was withdrawn two years later .'}]}, {'value': '151.4 km ( 94.1 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 409', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_409', 'summary': "King 's Highway 409 , commonly referred to as Highway 409 and historically as the Belfield Expressway , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that extends from Highway 401 in Toronto to Pearson International Airport , west of Highway 427 , in Mississauga . It is a short freeway used mainly as a spur route bypass for traffic travelling to the airport or Highway 427 northbound from Highway 401 westbound ( and vice versa ) , as these route movements are not accommodated at the complex interchange between Highways 401 and 427 . Planning for Highway 409 took place in late 1960s amidst considerable controversy around its originally proposed path through the historic town of Malton . Eventually the route was changed to provide access to the airport instead of more northward towards Brampton and was completed through the mid-1970s , opening in 1978 . The significance of the route has increased over the years alongside expansion of the airport . In 2000 , the Greater Toronto Airports Authority ( GTAA ) purchased the section west of Highway 427 in order to modify the ramps leading into the airport . The speed limit along Highway 409 is 100 kilometres per hour ( 62 mph ) east of Highway 427 and 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) west of it . It is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police east of the Toronto-Peel boundary and by the Peel Regional Police to the west of it . The original name of the freeway was derived from the road running parallel to and north of it , Belfield Road . Belfield is a local road managed by the City of Toronto and runs from Kipling Avenue to Atwell Drive ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto Pearson International Airport at the Toronto - Mississauga boundary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport', 'summary': "Lester B. Pearson International Airport ( IATA : YYZ , ICAO : CYYZ ) , branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport ( simply known as Toronto Pearson , Pearson Airport or Pearson ) , is the primary international airport serving Toronto , its metropolitan area , and its surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe . It is the largest and busiest airport in Canada , the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in the Americas , and the 30th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic , handling 49.5 million passengers in 2018 . The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson , Nobel Peace Prize laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada . Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres ( 14.0 mi ) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in the city of Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield extending into Toronto 's western district of Etobicoke . It features five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers 1,867 hectares ( 4,613 acres ) . Pearson Airport is the primary hub for Air Canada . It also serves as a hub for WestJet , cargo airline FedEx Express , and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines . Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority ( GTAA ) as part of Transport Canada 's National Airports System , and is the largest airport in the world with facilities for United States border preclearance . An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada . As of 2019 , over 75 airlines operate around 1,250 daily departures from the airport to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world 's inhabited continents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mississauga', 'summary': "Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə/ ( listen ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario and a suburb of Toronto . It is situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel , bordering Toronto . With a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census , Mississauga is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada , third-most in Ontario , and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area . The growth of Mississauga is attributed to its proximity to Toronto . During the latter half of the 20th century , the city attracted a multicultural population and built up a thriving central business district . It is home to Toronto Pearson International Airport , Canada 's busiest airport , as well as the headquarters of many Canadian and multinational corporations ."}]}, {'value': '5.6 km ( 3.5 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 410', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_410', 'summary': "Queen 's Highway 410 , also known as Highway 410 and colloquially as the four-ten , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects Highways 401 and 403 to Brampton . North of Brampton , the freeway connects to Highway 10 , which continues north through Caledon as a four-lane undivided highway . The route is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police and has a speed limit of 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) . Highway 410 was built along the alignment of Heart Lake Road south of Bovaird Drive , while north of Bovaird Drive it was built along a new alignment . The highway was designated in 1978 between Highway 401 and Bovaird Drive ( later Highway 7 ) , though it was only two lanes wide and had at-grade intersections . It was widened throughout the 1980s and completed as a freeway in 1991 . In 2003 , construction began on a northward extension of the freeway that was completed in November 2009 . A notable feature of Highway 410 is the four-level interchange with Highways 401 and 403 which includes an 11-span flyover ramp from Highway 401 eastbound to Highway 410 northbound which was completed in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Mississauga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mississauga', 'summary': "Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə/ ( listen ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario and a suburb of Toronto . It is situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel , bordering Toronto . With a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census , Mississauga is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada , third-most in Ontario , and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area . The growth of Mississauga is attributed to its proximity to Toronto . During the latter half of the 20th century , the city attracted a multicultural population and built up a thriving central business district . It is home to Toronto Pearson International Airport , Canada 's busiest airport , as well as the headquarters of many Canadian and multinational corporations ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 10 in Caledon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_10', 'summary': "King 's Highway 10 , commonly referred to as Highway 10 is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . The highway connects the northern end of Highway 410 just north of Brampton with Owen Sound on the southern shores of Georgian Bay , passing through the towns of Orangeville and Shelburne as well as several smaller villages along the way . It historically followed the Toronto-Sydenham Road , part of which later became Hurontario Street , as well as Prince of Wales Road . The highway was established in 1920 as one of the original provincial highways . It was extended south by 1937 to Highway 2 in Port Credit . That same year , it became the site of the first interchange in Canada at The Middle Road . Since the late 1990s , the southern end has been truncated to its current terminus north of the Brampton-Caledon border ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Caledon,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Caledon ( 2016 population 66,502 ) is a town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario , Canada . Caledon is a developing urban area although it remains primarily rural . It consists of an amalgamation of a number of urban areas , villages , and hamlets ; its major urban centre is Bolton on its eastern side adjacent to York Region . Caledon is one of three municipalities of Peel Region . The town is at the northwest border of the city of Brampton . At over 688 km² , Caledon is the largest city or town by area in the Greater Toronto Area .'}]}, {'value': '20.3 km ( 12.6 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 412', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_412', 'summary': "King 's Highway 412 , or simply Highway 412 , is a tolled controlled-access highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . The route is approximately 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) long , connecting Highway 401 with the eastern extension of Highway 407 . The route lies entirely within Whitby in the Regional Municipality of Durham , travelling within one kilometre of the border between Whitby and Ajax and Pickering ( Lake Ridge Road ) . During planning , the route was known as the West Durham Link . Its designation as Highway 412 , the first new 400-series designation in several decades , was confirmed along with Highway 418 on February 6 , 2015 . Although initially planned to open in October 2015 , the opening was delayed until June 20 , 2016 . Highway 412 opened alongside the extension of Highway 407 ( Highway 407E ) from Brock Road in Pickering to Harmony Road in Oshawa . The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) thus decided to compensate for delays by waiving all tolls until February 1 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Whitby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Whitby,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Whitby is a town in Durham Region . Whitby is located in Southern Ontario east of Ajax and west of Oshawa , on the north shore of Lake Ontario , and is home to the headquarters of Durham Region . It had a population of 128,377 at the 2016 census . It is approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) east of the Toronto borough of Scarborough , and it is known as a commuter suburb in the eastern part of the Greater Toronto Area . While the southern portion of Whitby is predominantly urban and an economic hub , the northern part of the municipality is more rural and includes the communities of Ashburn , Brooklin , Myrtle , and Myrtle Station .'}]}, {'value': 'Highway 407E in Whitby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407', 'summary': "King 's Highway 407 ( pronounced four-oh-seven ) is a tolled 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . Comprising a privately leased segment as well as a publicly owned segment , the route spans the entire Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) around the city of Toronto , travelling through the suburbs of Burlington , Oakville , Mississauga , Brampton , Vaughan , Markham , Pickering , Whitby , and Oshawa before ending in Clarington , north of Bowmanville . At 151.4 km long , this is the fourth longest freeway in Ontario 's 400 series network , after Highways 417 , 400 , and 401 . The segment between Burlington and Brougham in Pickering is leased to and operated by the 407 ETR Concession Company Limited and is officially known as the 407 Express Toll Route ( 407 ETR ) . It begins at the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) and Highway 403 in Burlington , and travels 108.0 km ( 67.1 mi ) across the GTA to Brock Road in Pickering . East of Brock Road , the tollway continues east as Highway 407 ( referred to as Highway 407 East during development to distinguish it from the 407 ETR ) , a toll route operated by the provincial government , for 43.4 km ( 27.0 mi ) to Highway 35/115 in Clarington . Major interchanges along the route include the QEW , Highway 403 , Highway 401 , Highway 410 , Highway 427 , Highway 400 , Highway 404 , Highway 412 , and Highway 418 . Highway 407 is an electronically operated toll highway ; there are no toll booths along the length of the route . Distances are calculated automatically using transponders or licence plates , which are scanned at entrance and exit points . Highway 407 was planned in the late 1950s as a freeway bypassing the Toronto segment of Highway 401 , the busiest highway in the world . However , construction did not begin until 1987 . During the early 1990s , the provincial government proposed tolling the highway to alleviate a revenue shortfall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Whitby,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Whitby is a town in Durham Region . Whitby is located in Southern Ontario east of Ajax and west of Oshawa , on the north shore of Lake Ontario , and is home to the headquarters of Durham Region . It had a population of 128,377 at the 2016 census . It is approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) east of the Toronto borough of Scarborough , and it is known as a commuter suburb in the eastern part of the Greater Toronto Area . While the southern portion of Whitby is predominantly urban and an economic hub , the northern part of the municipality is more rural and includes the communities of Ashburn , Brooklin , Myrtle , and Myrtle Station .'}]}, {'value': '10.0 km ( 6.2 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 20 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 416', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_416', 'summary': "King 's Highway 416 , commonly referred to as Highway 416 and as the Veterans Memorial Highway , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Trans-Canada Highway ( Highway 417 ) in Ottawa with Highway 401 between Brockville and Cornwall . The 76.4-kilometre-long ( 47.5 mi ) freeway acts as an important trade corridor from Interstate 81 between New York and Eastern Ontario via Highway 401 , as well as the fastest link between Ottawa and Toronto . Highway 416 passes through a largely rural area , except near its northern terminus where it enters the suburbs of Ottawa . The freeway also serves several communities along its length , notably Spencerville and Kemptville . Highway 416 had two distinct construction phases . Highway 416 North was the 21-kilometre ( 13 mi ) segment starting from an interchange at Highway 417 and bypassing the original route of Highway 16 into Ottawa ( now Prince of Wales Drive ) along a new right-of-way . Highway 416 South was the twinning of 57 kilometres ( 35 mi ) of Highway 16 New - a two-lane expressway constructed throughout the 1970s and finished in 1983 that bypassed the original highway - and the construction of a new interchange with Highway 401 . Sections of both opened throughout the late 1990s . Highway 416 was commemorated as the Veterans Memorial Highway on the 54th anniversary of D-Day in 1998 . The final link was officially opened by a World War I veteran and local officials on September 23 , 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Johnstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Johnstown,_Leeds_and_Grenville_United_Counties,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Johnstown is a Compact rural community in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville , in eastern Ontario , Canada , part of the township municipality of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal . It is located at the Canadian terminus of the Ogdensburg-Prescott International Bridge and at the southern termini of Highway 416 and Highway 16 .'}]}, {'value': 'Highway 417 in Ottawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_417', 'summary': "King 's Highway 417 , commonly referred to as Highway 417 and the Queensway through Ottawa , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It connects Montreal ( via A40 ) with Ottawa , and is the backbone of the transportation system in the National Capital Region . Within Ottawa , it forms part of the Queensway west from Highway 7 to Ottawa Regional Road 174 ( the Queensway continues east along the 174 to Trim Road ) . Highway 417 extends from the Quebec border ( near Hawkesbury ) to Arnprior , where it continues westward as Highway 17 . Aside from the urban section through Ottawa , Highway 417 passes through farmland that dominates much of the fertile Ottawa Valley . Within Ottawa , the Queensway was built as part of a grand plan for the city between 1957 and 1966 , and later reconstructed to its present form throughout the 1980s . The eastern section , from Gloucester to the Quebec border , opened in 1975 in preparation for the 1976 Montreal Olympics . Sections west of Ottawa have been under construction since the mid-1970s , with the section bypassing Arnprior opening on November 29 , 2012 and another 5.3 km stretch in December 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ottawa', 'summary': 'Ottawa ( /ˈɒtəwə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɒtəwɑː/ ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɔtawa ] ) is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . Ottawa borders Gatineau , Quebec ; the two form the core of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ) . As of 2016 , Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada . In June 2019 , the City of Ottawa estimated it had surpassed a population of a million . Founded in 1826 as Bytown , and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855 , the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada . Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area . The city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River , the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa , meaning to trade . Ottawa has the most educated population among Canadian cities and is home to a number of post-secondary , research , and cultural institutions , including the National Arts Centre , the National Gallery , and numerous national museums .'}]}, {'value': '76.4 km ( 47.5 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 417', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_417', 'summary': "King 's Highway 417 , commonly referred to as Highway 417 and the Queensway through Ottawa , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It connects Montreal ( via A40 ) with Ottawa , and is the backbone of the transportation system in the National Capital Region . Within Ottawa , it forms part of the Queensway west from Highway 7 to Ottawa Regional Road 174 ( the Queensway continues east along the 174 to Trim Road ) . Highway 417 extends from the Quebec border ( near Hawkesbury ) to Arnprior , where it continues westward as Highway 17 . Aside from the urban section through Ottawa , Highway 417 passes through farmland that dominates much of the fertile Ottawa Valley . Within Ottawa , the Queensway was built as part of a grand plan for the city between 1957 and 1966 , and later reconstructed to its present form throughout the 1980s . The eastern section , from Gloucester to the Quebec border , opened in 1975 in preparation for the 1976 Montreal Olympics . Sections west of Ottawa have been under construction since the mid-1970s , with the section bypassing Arnprior opening on November 29 , 2012 and another 5.3 km stretch in December 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 17 in Arnprior', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_17', 'summary': "King 's Highway 17 , more commonly known as Highway 17 , is a provincially maintained highway and the primary route of the Trans-Canada Highway through the Canadian province of Ontario . It begins at the Manitoba boundary , 50 km ( 31 mi ) west of Kenora , and the main section ends where Highway 417 begins just west of Arnprior . A small disconnected signed section of the highway still remains within the Ottawa Region between County Road 29 and Grants Side Rd . This makes it Ontario 's longest highway . [ note 1 ] The highway once extended even farther to the Quebec boundary in East Hawkesbury with a peak length of about 2,180 km ( 1,350 mi ) . However , a section of Highway 17 disappeared when the Ottawa section of it was upgraded to the freeway Highway 417 in 1971 . Highway 17 was not re-routed through Ottawa , nor did it share numbering with Highway 417 to rectify the discontinuity , even though Highway 417 formed a direct link between the western and eastern sections of Highway 17 . However , from East Hawkesbury to Ottawa , Highway 17 retained the Trans-Canada Highway routing and signs until it met up again and merged with Highway 417 until 1997 when Highway 17 through Ottawa was downgraded . The Trans-Canada Highway designation now extends along all of Highway 417 . Ontario Highway 17 is a very important part of the national highway system in Canada , as it is the sole highway linking the eastern and western regions of the country . Although other small roads connect the province of Ontario with the province of Manitoba , it is the only major highway that links the two , making it a crucial section of Canada 's primary commercial and leisure route for all traffic travelling between Canada 's largest cities , from Toronto and Montreal in the east to Calgary and Vancouver in the west ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Arnprior,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Arnprior is a town in Renfrew County , in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario , Canada . It is located at the confluence of the Madawaska River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley . Arnprior has experienced significant growth in populations with the widening of the 417 Provincial Highway to four lanes . The Town experienced an increase in population by 8.4% from 2011 to 2016 , at which time its population was 8,795 . The town is a namesake of Arnprior , Scotland , and is known for lumber , hydro power generation , aerospace , farming and its proximity to the National Capital Region .'}]}, {'value': 'Quebec border at Autoroute 40 towards Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40', 'summary': 'Autoroute 40 , officially known as Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal and Metropolitan Autoroute/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal , is an Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Canadian province of Quebec . It is one of the two major connections between Montreal and Quebec City , the other being Autoroute 20 on the south shore of the St. Lawrence . Autoroute 40 is currently 347 km ( 215.6 mi ) long . Between the Ontario-Quebec boundary and the interchange with Autoroute 25 , the route is signed as part of the Trans-Canada Highway .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': '181.4 km ( 112.7 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 418', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_418', 'summary': "King 's Highway 418 , or simply Highway 418 , is a tolled freeway in the Canadian province of Ontario that opened on December 9 , 2019 . The 400-series highway travels through the Regional Municipality of Durham to connect Highway 401 with the eastern extension of Highway 407 . The freeway is located entirely within Clarington near Durham Regional Road 34 ( Courtice Road ) . The route number was confirmed by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) on February 6 , 2015 . Prior to this , it was known as the East Durham Link ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 401 in Clarington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401', 'summary': "King 's Highway 401 , commonly referred to as Highway 401 and also known by its official name as the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway or colloquially referred to as the four-oh-one , is a controlled-access 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . It stretches 828 kilometres ( 514 mi ) from Windsor in the west to the Ontario-Quebec border in the east . The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North America 's busiest highway , and one of the widest . Together with Quebec Autoroute 20 , it forms the road transportation backbone of the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor , along which over half of Canada 's population resides and is also a Core Route in the National Highway System of Canada . The route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario ( MTO ) and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police . The speed limit is 100 km/h ( 62 mph ) throughout its length , with the only exceptions the posted 80 km/h ( 50 mph ) limit westbound in Windsor and in most construction zones . By the end of 1952 , three individual highways were numbered Highway 401 : the partially completed Toronto Bypass between Weston Road and Highway 11 ( Yonge Street ) ; Highway 2A between West Hill and Newcastle ; and the Scenic Highway between Gananoque and Brockville , now known as the Thousand Islands Parkway . These three sections of highway were 11.8 , 54.7 and 41.2 km , ( 7.3 , 34.0 and 25.6 mi ) , respectively . In 1964 , the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario-Quebec border . In 1965 it was given a second designation , the Macdonald-Cartier Freeway , in honour of two Fathers of Confederation . At the end of 1968 , the Gananoque-Brockville section was bypassed and the final intersection grade-separated near Kingston , making Highway 401 a freeway for its entire 817.9-km length . On August 24 , 2007 , the portion of the highway between Glen Miller Road in Trenton and the Don Valley Parkway / Highway 404 Junction in Toronto was designated the Highway of Heroes , as the road is travelled by funeral convoys for fallen Canadian Forces personnel from CFB Trenton to the coroner 's office in Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clarington,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Clarington ( 2016 population 92,013 ) is a lower-tier municipality in the Regional Municipality of Durham in Ontario , Canada . It was incorporated in 1973 as the town of Newcastle with the merging of the town of Bowmanville and the townships of Clarke and Darlington . In 1994 , the town was renamed Clarington , a portmanteau of the names of the two former townships . Bowmanville is the largest community in the municipality and is the home of the municipal offices . Clarington is part of the Oshawa census metropolitan area in the eastern end of the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) . Major employers in Clarington include the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station , General Motors Canada , and several medium to large-sized manufacturing businesses . Most residents commute for work in Durham Region or Toronto . Clarington was a candidate location to host ITER in 2001 , but the bid was withdrawn two years later .'}]}, {'value': 'Highway 407E in Clarington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407', 'summary': "King 's Highway 407 ( pronounced four-oh-seven ) is a tolled 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . Comprising a privately leased segment as well as a publicly owned segment , the route spans the entire Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) around the city of Toronto , travelling through the suburbs of Burlington , Oakville , Mississauga , Brampton , Vaughan , Markham , Pickering , Whitby , and Oshawa before ending in Clarington , north of Bowmanville . At 151.4 km long , this is the fourth longest freeway in Ontario 's 400 series network , after Highways 417 , 400 , and 401 . The segment between Burlington and Brougham in Pickering is leased to and operated by the 407 ETR Concession Company Limited and is officially known as the 407 Express Toll Route ( 407 ETR ) . It begins at the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) and Highway 403 in Burlington , and travels 108.0 km ( 67.1 mi ) across the GTA to Brock Road in Pickering . East of Brock Road , the tollway continues east as Highway 407 ( referred to as Highway 407 East during development to distinguish it from the 407 ETR ) , a toll route operated by the provincial government , for 43.4 km ( 27.0 mi ) to Highway 35/115 in Clarington . Major interchanges along the route include the QEW , Highway 403 , Highway 401 , Highway 410 , Highway 427 , Highway 400 , Highway 404 , Highway 412 , and Highway 418 . Highway 407 is an electronically operated toll highway ; there are no toll booths along the length of the route . Distances are calculated automatically using transponders or licence plates , which are scanned at entrance and exit points . Highway 407 was planned in the late 1950s as a freeway bypassing the Toronto segment of Highway 401 , the busiest highway in the world . However , construction did not begin until 1987 . During the early 1990s , the provincial government proposed tolling the highway to alleviate a revenue shortfall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clarington,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Clarington ( 2016 population 92,013 ) is a lower-tier municipality in the Regional Municipality of Durham in Ontario , Canada . It was incorporated in 1973 as the town of Newcastle with the merging of the town of Bowmanville and the townships of Clarke and Darlington . In 1994 , the town was renamed Clarington , a portmanteau of the names of the two former townships . Bowmanville is the largest community in the municipality and is the home of the municipal offices . Clarington is part of the Oshawa census metropolitan area in the eastern end of the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) . Major employers in Clarington include the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station , General Motors Canada , and several medium to large-sized manufacturing businesses . Most residents commute for work in Durham Region or Toronto . Clarington was a candidate location to host ITER in 2001 , but the bid was withdrawn two years later .'}]}, {'value': '12.8 km ( 8.0 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 9 , 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 420', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_420', 'summary': "King 's Highway 420 , commonly referred to as Highway 420 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) with downtown Niagara Falls . It continues east as a limited-access expressway named Niagara Regional Road 420 to connect with the Rainbow Bridge international crossing between Canada and the United States over the Niagara River ; this was part of Highway 420 until 1998 . West of the QEW , the freeway ends at an at-grade intersection with Montrose Road ( Niagara Regional Road 98 ) . The highway has a speed limit of 80 kilometres per hour ( 50 mph ) , making it the only 400-series highway to have a speed limit less than 100 kilometres per hour ( 62 mph ) for its entirety . Originally constructed as a divided four-lane road with two roundabouts , the route of Highway 420 formed part of the QEW between 1941 and 1972 ; then this segment was bypassed by an extension of the QEW to Fort Erie , resulting in the bypassed spur being assigned a unique route number . This re-designation took place during the reconstruction of the four-lane divided highway into a freeway and the construction of the large interchange at the freeway 's western terminus . In 1998 , the section of Highway 420 east of Stanley Avenue was transferred to the responsibility of the Regional Municipality of Niagara and redesignated as Regional Road 420 ."}]}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Way in Niagara Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario', 'summary': "Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario , with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census . The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903 . Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls , New York . The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location , creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year . The tourist area , which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and promenade , is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls . Apart from the river 's natural attractions , it includes observation towers , high-rise hotels , souvenir shops , museums , indoor water parks , casinos and theatres , mostly with colourful neon billboards and advertisements . Farther to the north or south , golf courses are operated alongside historic sites from the War of 1812 ."}]}, {'value': 'Stanley Avenue/Niagara Regional Road 102 at Niagara Falls ( Formerly at Rainbow Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario', 'summary': "Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario , with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census . The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903 . Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls , New York . The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location , creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year . The tourist area , which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and promenade , is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls . Apart from the river 's natural attractions , it includes observation towers , high-rise hotels , souvenir shops , museums , indoor water parks , casinos and theatres , mostly with colourful neon billboards and advertisements . Farther to the north or south , golf courses are operated alongside historic sites from the War of 1812 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_(Niagara_Falls)', 'summary': 'The Niagara Falls International Rainbow Bridge , commonly known as the Rainbow Bridge , is an arch bridge across the Niagara River gorge , and is a world-famous tourist site . It connects the cities of Niagara Falls , New York , United States ( to the east ) , and Niagara Falls , Ontario , Canada ( west ) .'}]}, {'value': '3.3 km ( 2.1 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 427', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_427', 'summary': "King 's Highway 427 ( pronounced four twenty-seven ) , also known as Highway 427 and colloquially as the 427 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) and Gardiner Expressway in Toronto to Highway 401 and with York Regional Road 7 ( formerly Highway 7 ) further north in the City of Vaughan . An arterial extension , known as York Regional Road 99 , continues 800 metres ( 2,600 ft ) north to Zenway Boulevard . It is Ontario 's second busiest freeway by volume and third busiest in North America , behind Highway 401 and Interstate 405 in California . Like Highway 401 , a portion of the route is divided into a collector-express system with twelve to fourteen continuous lanes . Notable about Highway 427 are its several multi-level interchanges ; the junctions with the QEW/Gardiner Expressway and Highway 401 are two of the largest interchanges in Ontario and were constructed between 1967 and 1971 , while the interchanges with Highway 409 and Highway 407 were completed in 1992 and 1995 , respectively . Highway 427 is the main feeder to Toronto Pearson International Airport from the north and south . However , while much of the traffic from Highway 407 , Highway 401 ( eastbound ) , and the QEW/Gardiner Expressway makes use of the freeway for airport access , it also serves as a major traffic route for the western portion of Toronto ( Etobicoke ) , the northeastern portion of Mississauga ( Malton ) , the southeastern portion of Brampton ( Claireville ) , and the western portion of Vaughan ( Woodbridge ) . The section between Highway 401 and Dundas Street is a heavily traversed transit corridor ; the 1.61-kilometre ( 1.00 mi ) stretch between Burnhamthorpe and Rathburn saw an average of over 400,000 vehicles and over 5,000 buses per day in 2016 . GO Transit , MiWay , and the Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC ) all operate express buses along this section of the highway . First designated in 1972 , Highway 427 assumed the recently-completed 12-lane collector-express freeway of Highway 27 , as well as a short freeway north of Highway 401 known as the Airport Expressway . Both routes were upgraded throughout the 1950s and 1960s , eventually becoming intertwined into the present configuration in 1972 . The freeway was extended north from Pearson Airport to Highway 7 over the following twenty years ."}]}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Way / Gardiner Expressway in Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gardiner_Expressway', 'summary': 'The Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway , commonly known as the Gardiner Expressway or simply the Gardiner , is a municipal expressway in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Running close to the shore of Lake Ontario , it extends from the foot of the Don Valley Parkway ( DVP ) in the east , just past the mouth of the Don River , to the junction of Highway 427 and the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) in the west , for a total length of 18.0 kilometres ( 11.2 mi ) . East of Dufferin Street to just east of the Don River , the roadway is elevated for a length of 6.8 kilometres ( 4.2 mi ) , unofficially making it the longest bridge in Ontario . It runs above Lake Shore Boulevard east of Spadina Avenue . The highway is named after the first chair of the now-defunct Metro Council , Frederick G. Gardiner . The six-lane section east of the Humber River was built in segments from 1955 until 1964 by the Metropolitan Toronto government with provincial highway funds . The ten-lane section west of the Humber was formerly part of the QEW . The Gardiner Expressway is wholly owned and operated by the City of Toronto . The condition of the highway has deteriorated over the years . The highway has been described as an out-of-date , crumbling and frequently traffic-jammed freeway . Extensive repairs became necessary in the early 1990s , and significant commercial and residential development has occurred in the core . As a result of these , the Gardiner has been the subject of several proposals to demolish it or move it underground as part of downtown waterfront revitalization efforts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 7 in Vaughan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_7', 'summary': "King 's Highway 7 , commonly referred to as Highway 7 and The 7 historically as the Northern Highway , is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . At its peak , Highway 7 measured 716 km ( 445 mi ) in length , stretching from Highway 40 east of Sarnia in Southwestern Ontario to Highway 17 west of Ottawa in Eastern Ontario . However , due in part to the construction of Highways 402 and 407 , the province transferred the sections of Highway 7 west of London and through the Greater Toronto Area to county and regional jurisdiction . The highway is now 535.7 km ( 332.9 mi ) long ; the western segment begins at Highway 4 north of London and extends 154.1 km ( 95.8 mi ) to Georgetown , while the eastern segment begins at Donald Cousens Parkway in Markham and extends 381.6 km ( 237.1 mi ) to Highway 417 in Ottawa . Highway 7 was first designated in 1920 between Sarnia and Guelph and extended to Brampton the following year . Between 1927 and 1932 , the highway was more than doubled in length as it was gradually extended eastward to Perth , where Highway 15 continued to Ottawa . In the early 1960s , that section of Highway 15 was renumbered as Highway 7 . In that same decade , the Conestoga Parkway through Kitchener and the Peterborough Bypass were constructed . During the 1970s and 1980s , many sections of Highway 7 were widened from the initial two lane cross-section to four or six lanes . Within York Region , the route was upgraded to a limited-access expressway in preparation for the construction of Highway 407 . Soon thereafter , that new tollway would act as justification for transferring the section of Highway 7 through the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) to regional governments . In the west , the construction of Highway 402 between Sarnia and London provided an uninterrupted alternative to Highway 7 , resulting in the transfer of the section west of Highway 4 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vaughan', 'summary': 'Vaughan ( 2016 population 306,233 ) is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is located in the Regional Municipality of York , just north of Toronto . Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991 . It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area , and the 17th-largest city in Canada .'}]}, {'value': '19.9 km ( 12.4 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Way', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo , New York . The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres ( 86.4 mi ) around the western end of Lake Ontario , ending at Highway 427 . The physical highway , however , continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto . The QEW is one of Ontario 's busiest highways , with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections . Major highway junctions are at Highway 420 in Niagara Falls , Highway 405 in Niagara-on-the-Lake , Highway 406 in St. Catharines , the Red Hill Valley Parkway in Hamilton , Highway 403 and Highway 407 in Burlington , Highway 403 at the Oakville-Mississauga boundary , and Highway 427 in Etobicoke . Within the Regional Municipality of Halton , between its two junctions with Highway 403 , the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403 . The history of the QEW dates back to 1931 , when work began to widen the Middle Road in a similar fashion to the nearby Dundas Highway and Lakeshore Road as a relief project during the Great Depression . Following the 1934 provincial election , Ontario Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten and his deputy minister Robert Melville Smith changed the design to be similar to the autobahns of Germany , dividing the opposite directions of travel and using grade-separated interchanges at major crossroads . When opened to traffic in 1937 , it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world . While not a true freeway at the time , it was gradually upgraded , widened , and modernized beginning in the 1950s , more or less taking on its current form by 1975 . Since then , various projects have continued to widen the route . In 1997 , the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto ."}]}, {'value': 'Peace Bridge in Fort Erie , Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peace_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Peace Bridge is an international bridge between Canada and the United States at the east end of Lake Erie at the source of the Niagara River , about 20 kilometres ( 12.4 mi ) upriver of Niagara Falls . It connects Buffalo , New York , in the United States to Fort Erie , Ontario , in Canada . It is operated and maintained by the binational Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority . The Peace Bridge consists of five arched spans over the Niagara River and a Parker deck type truss span over the Black Rock Canal on the American side of the river . The length is 5,800 feet ( 1.77 km ) . Material used in the construction included 3,500 feet ( 1.07 km ) of steelwork , 9,000 tons of structural steel and 800 tons of reinforcing steel in the concrete abutments . The Peace Bridge was named to commemorate 100 years of peace between the United States and Canada . [ citation needed ] It was constructed as a highway bridge to address pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic which could not be accommodated on the International Railway Bridge , built in 1873 . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fort_Erie,_Ontario', 'summary': "Fort Erie is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region , Ontario , Canada . It is directly across the river from Buffalo , New York and is the site of Old Fort Erie which played a prominent role in the War of 1812 . Fort Erie is one of Niagara 's fastest growing communities , and has experienced a high level of residential and commercial development in the past few years . Garrison Road ( Niagara Regional Road 3 ) is the town 's commercial corridor , stretching east to west through Fort Erie . Fort Erie is also home to other commercial core areas ( Bridgeburg , Ridgeway , Stevensville and Crystal Beach ) as a result of the 1970 amalgamation of Bertie Township and the village of Crystal Beach with Fort Erie . Crystal Beach Amusement Park occupied waterfront land at Crystal Beach , Ontario from 1888 until the park 's closure in 1989 . The beach is part of Fort Erie ."}]}, {'value': 'Highway 427 in Toronto ( Formerly at Humber River )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario_Highway_427', 'summary': "King 's Highway 427 ( pronounced four twenty-seven ) , also known as Highway 427 and colloquially as the 427 , is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that connects the Queen Elizabeth Way ( QEW ) and Gardiner Expressway in Toronto to Highway 401 and with York Regional Road 7 ( formerly Highway 7 ) further north in the City of Vaughan . An arterial extension , known as York Regional Road 99 , continues 800 metres ( 2,600 ft ) north to Zenway Boulevard . It is Ontario 's second busiest freeway by volume and third busiest in North America , behind Highway 401 and Interstate 405 in California . Like Highway 401 , a portion of the route is divided into a collector-express system with twelve to fourteen continuous lanes . Notable about Highway 427 are its several multi-level interchanges ; the junctions with the QEW/Gardiner Expressway and Highway 401 are two of the largest interchanges in Ontario and were constructed between 1967 and 1971 , while the interchanges with Highway 409 and Highway 407 were completed in 1992 and 1995 , respectively . Highway 427 is the main feeder to Toronto Pearson International Airport from the north and south . However , while much of the traffic from Highway 407 , Highway 401 ( eastbound ) , and the QEW/Gardiner Expressway makes use of the freeway for airport access , it also serves as a major traffic route for the western portion of Toronto ( Etobicoke ) , the northeastern portion of Mississauga ( Malton ) , the southeastern portion of Brampton ( Claireville ) , and the western portion of Vaughan ( Woodbridge ) . The section between Highway 401 and Dundas Street is a heavily traversed transit corridor ; the 1.61-kilometre ( 1.00 mi ) stretch between Burnhamthorpe and Rathburn saw an average of over 400,000 vehicles and over 5,000 buses per day in 2016 . GO Transit , MiWay , and the Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC ) all operate express buses along this section of the highway . First designated in 1972 , Highway 427 assumed the recently-completed 12-lane collector-express freeway of Highway 27 , as well as a short freeway north of Highway 401 known as the Airport Expressway . Both routes were upgraded throughout the 1950s and 1960s , eventually becoming intertwined into the present configuration in 1972 . The freeway was extended north from Pearson Airport to Highway 7 over the following twenty years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Humber_River_(Ontario)', 'summary': 'The Humber River is a river in Southern Ontario , Canada . It is in the Great Lakes Basin , is a tributary of Lake Ontario and is one of two major rivers on either side of the city of Toronto , the other being the Don River to the east . It was designated a Canadian Heritage River on September 24 , 1999 . The Humber collects from about 750 creeks and tributaries in a fan-shaped area north of Toronto that encompasses portions of Dufferin County , the Regional Municipality of Peel , Simcoe County , and the Regional Municipality of York . The main branch runs for about 100 kilometres ( 60 mi ) from the Niagara Escarpment in the northwest , while another major branch , known as the East Humber River , starts at Lake St. George in the Oak Ridges Moraine near Aurora to the northeast . They join north of Toronto and then flow in a generally southeasterly direction into Lake Ontario at what was once the far western portions of the city . The river mouth is flanked by Sir Casimir Gzowski Park and Humber Bay Park East .'}]}, {'value': '139.1 km ( 86.4 mi )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1939', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '400-series highways', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_highways_in_Ontario_2', 'intro': 'This is a list of current and former provincially maintained highways in the Canadian province of Ontario. For sections of provincial highways that have been decommissioned, see List of former provincial highways in Ontario.'}
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The most recently-built highway was known as what before February 2015 ?
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East Durham Link
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02d01d296656c33e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sigma_Chi_members', 'title': 'List of Sigma Chi members', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dwight Dike Eddleman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dwight_Eddleman', 'summary': "Thomas Dwight Dike Eddleman ( December 27 , 1922 - August 1 , 2001 ) is generally considered the greatest athlete in the history of athletics at the University of Illinois . Eddleman participated on the University 's basketball , track and field , and football teams between the years of 1942 and 1949 . Eddleman earned a combined 11 varsity letters in his career at the University , during which he also became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . Eddleman was born in Centralia , Illinois , and attended Centralia High School . On October 24 , 2008 Eddleman was named a Distinguished Alumni of Centralia High school . He , along with five others , including James Brady , were the first to be named Distinguished Alumni . His wife , Teddy Eddleman , accepted his award . Beginning in 1969 , Eddleman served the University of Illinois as a fundraiser for the athletic department . In tribute to his years of service to the University 's athletics , in 1993 , the University of Illinois athlete of the year awards for both men and women were named in his honor . In 2002 , the portion of Fourth Street in Champaign , Illinois that runs along the east side of Memorial Stadium between Peabody Drive and Kirby Street was designated Honorary Dike Eddleman Way ( a street in his hometown of Centralia , Third Street , which runs past the old high school , is also designated Dike Eddleman Way ) . In 1983 , Eddleman was inducted into the National Federation of State High School Associations Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Illinois , 1949', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign', 'summary': 'The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ( U of I , Illinois , UIllinois , or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC ) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana . It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867 . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes the highest research activity . In fiscal year 2017 , research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 642 million . The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University . The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus . The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study . The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres ( 2,578 ha ) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $ 2 billion . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations , including Abbott , AbbVie , Caterpillar , Capital One , Dow , State Farm , and Yahoo , among others . As of October 2018 [ update ] , 30 Nobel laureates , 2 Turing Award winners , and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni , faculty members , or researchers .'}]}, {'value': "Silver medalist , High jump , 1948 Olympics ; NBA All-Star ; generally considered the University of Illinois 's greatest athlete", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_jump', 'summary': "The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it . In its modern most practiced format , a bar is placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing . In the modern era , athletes run towards the bar and use the Fosbury Flop method of jumping , leaping head first with their back to the bar . Since ancient times , competitors have introduced increasingly effective techniques to arrive at the current form . The discipline is , alongside the pole vault , one of two vertical clearance events to feature on the Olympic athletics programme . It is contested at the World Championships in Athletics and IAAF World Indoor Championships , and is a common occurrence at track and field meetings . The high jump was among the first events deemed acceptable for women , having been held at the 1928 Olympic Games . Javier Sotomayor ( Cuba ) is the current men 's record holder with a jump of 2.45 m ( 8 ft 1⁄4 in ) set in 1993 - the longest standing record in the history of the men 's high jump . Stefka Kostadinova ( Bulgaria ) has held the women 's world record at 2.09 m ( 6 ft 10 1⁄4 in ) since 1987 , also the longest-held record in the event ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games', 'summary': "The Summer Olympic Games ( French : Jeux Olympiques d'été ) or the Games of the Olympiad , first held in 1896 , is a major international multi-sport event held once every four years . The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) organises the Games and oversees the host city 's preparations . In each Olympic event , gold medals are awarded for first place , silver medals are awarded for second place , and bronze medals are awarded for third place ; this tradition began in 1904 . The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympics . The Olympics have increased in scope from a 42 competition event programme with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 , to 306 events with 11,238 competitors ( 6,179 men , 5,059 women ) from 206 nations in 2016 . The Summer Olympics has been hosted on five continents by a total of nineteen countries . The Games have been held four times in the United States ( 1904 , 1932 , 1984 , and 1996 ) , three times in the United Kingdom ( 1908 , 1948 , and 2012 ) , twice each in Greece ( 1896 and 2004 ) , France ( 1900 and 1924 ) , Germany ( 1936 and 1972 ) , and Australia ( 1956 and 2000 ) , and once each in Sweden ( 1912 ) , Belgium ( 1920 ) , Netherlands ( 1928 ) , Finland ( 1952 ) , Italy ( 1960 ) , Japan ( 1964 ) , Mexico ( 1968 ) , Canada ( 1976 ) , Soviet Union ( 1980 ) , South Korea ( 1988 ) , Spain ( 1992 ) , China ( 2008 ) , and Brazil ( 2016 ) . The IOC has selected Tokyo , Japan , for a second time , to host the Summer Olympics in 2020 . The 2024 Summer Olympics will be held in Paris , France , for a third time , exactly one hundred years after the city 's last Summer Olympics in 1924 . The IOC has also selected Los Angeles , California , to host its third Summer Games in 2028 . To date , only five countries have participated in every Summer Olympic Games - Australia , France , Great Britain , Greece , and Switzerland ."}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Basketball_Association', 'summary': "The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is a men 's professional basketball league in North America , composed of 30 teams ( 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada ) . It is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada , and is widely considered to be the premier men 's professional basketball league in the world . [ better source needed ] The league was founded in New York City on June 6 , 1946 , as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It changed its name to the National Basketball Association on August 3 , 1949 , after merging with the competing National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The NBA 's regular season runs from October to April , with each team playing 82 games . Its playoffs extend into June . NBA players are the world 's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player . The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball ( USAB ) , which is recognized by FIBA ( also known as the International Basketball Federation ) as the national governing body for basketball in the United States . The league 's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices in Midtown Manhattan , while its NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus , New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Eric Fonoimoana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_Fonoimoana', 'summary': 'Eric Fonoimoana ( born June 7 , 1969 ) is an American former beach volleyball player of Samoan descent who paired with Dain Blanton to win the gold medal in beach volleyball at the 2000 Olympic Games . He has played professionally for more than 16 years , and has entered over 200 tournaments . Fonoimoana won at least one tournament for seven straight years between 1998 and 2004 . He is a former AVP Most Valuable Player and is in the top 10 in terms of all-time tournaments played . He has earned over 1 million dollars playing beach volleyball .'}]}, {'value': 'UCSB , 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara', 'summary': "The University of California , Santa Barbara ( UC Santa Barbara or UCSB ) is a public research university in Santa Barbara , California . It is one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system . Tracing its roots back to 1891 as an independent teachers ' college , UCSB joined the University of California system in 1944 and is the third-oldest general-education campus in the system . The university is a comprehensive doctoral university and is organized into five colleges and schools offering 87 undergraduate degrees and 55 graduate degrees . In his 2001 book The Public Ivies : America 's Flagship Public Universities , author Howard Greene labeled UCSB a Public Ivy . UC Santa Barbara is a research university with 10 national research centers , including the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Center for Control , Dynamical-Systems and Computation . Current UCSB faculty includes six Nobel Prize laureates , one Fields Medalist , 39 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 27 members of the National Academy of Engineering , and 34 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . UCSB was the No . 3 host on the ARPAnet and was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1995 . The faculty also includes two Academy and Emmy Award winners , and recipients of a Millennium Technology Prize , an IEEE Medal of Honor , a National Medal of Technology and Innovation and a Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics . The UC Santa Barbara Gauchos compete in the Big West Conference of the NCAA Division I . [ a ] The Gauchos have won NCAA national championships in men 's soccer and men 's water polo ."}]}, {'value': "Gold Medalist , Men 's Beach Volleyball , 2000 Olympics", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beach_Volleyball', 'summary': "Beach volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by a net . As in indoor volleyball , the objective of the game is to send the ball over the net and to ground it on the opponent 's side of the court , and to prevent the same effort by the opponent . Each team is allowed up to three touches to return the ball across the net , and individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively except after making a block touch ( the block touch counting as one touch , leaving only two more touches before the ball must be hit over ) . The ball is put in play with a serve - a hit by the server from behind the rear court boundary over the net to the opponents . The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court , goes out , or a fault is made in the attempt to return the ball . The team that wins the rally scores a point and serves to start the following rally . The four players serve in the same sequence throughout the match , changing server each time a rally is won by the receiving team . Beach volleyball most likely originated in 1915 on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii , while the modern two-player game originated in Santa Monica , California . It has been an Olympic sport since the 1996 Summer Olympics . The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball ( FIVB ) is the international governing body for the sport , and organizes the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships and the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Gorton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Gorton', 'summary': "Jeff Gorton ( born June 6 , 1968 ) is the current general manager of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Previously , he served four seasons as assistant general manager of the Rangers . Prior to becoming assistant general manager , Gorton spent three seasons with the Rangers as Assistant Director of Player Personnel after serving one season as a professional scout . Gorton was the interim general manager of the Boston Bruins during the 2005-06 season replacing Mike O'Connell who was fired on March 25 , 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bridgewater MA , 1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridgewater_State_College', 'summary': "Bridgewater State University is a public university in Bridgewater , Massachusetts . It is the largest college in the Massachusetts state university system outside the University of Massachusetts system . The university consists of the main campus in Bridgewater , and two satellite campuses ; one in Attleboro , and one on Cape Cod , which opened in January 2015 . The school 's sports teams are the Bears and the school colors are crimson red , black and white ."}]}, {'value': 'Hockey New York Rangers General Manager', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hockey', 'summary': "Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent 's goal using a hockey stick . There are many types of hockey such as bandy , field hockey , ice hockey and rink hockey . In most of the world , the term hockey by itself refers to field hockey , while in Canada , the United States , Finland , Sweden , Latvia , the Czech Republic and Slovakia , the term usually refers to ice hockey ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_York_Rangers', 'summary': 'The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout .'}]}, {'value': 'Samuel J. Levine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_J._Levine', 'summary': "Samuel Sam Joseph Levine ( March 8 , 1991 - March 19 , 2013 ) was an American basketball player and high school basketball coach . Levine was one of the top players in Oak Park High School ( California ) basketball program 's history . Levine was known as an excellent three-point shooter and was named Tri-Valley League ( CIF ) MVP in 2009 after his senior year . In 2013 , Levine died after accidentally falling to his death at a hotel in Cabo San Lucas , Mexico . After his death , Levine 's friends and the University of Southern California have hosted events for charity in his honor ."}]}, {'value': 'USC , 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Southern California basketball player who died in 2013 in a fall from a Cabo San Lucas hotle while on Spring Break in Mexico', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. J. Middleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T._J._Middleton', 'summary': 'T. J. Middleton ( born May 2 , 1968 ) is a former professional tennis player from the United States . Middleton attended the University of Georgia where he helped lead the Bulldogs to the 1987 National Championship . He was the 1990 SEC Doubles Champion . He is a member of the Delta chapter of the Sigma Chi fraternity . He turned professional in 1990 and had a career that spanned 10 years before his retirement at the end of 2000 . A doubles specialist , he achieved a career high singles ranking of world No . 221 and his highest doubles ranking was world No . 63 .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia , 1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis professional . 1994 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles Finalist . 2004 Over 35 Wimbledon Doubles Champion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon', 'summary': "The Championships , Wimbledon , commonly known simply as Wimbledon or The Championships , is the oldest tennis tournament in the world , and is regarded by many as the most prestigious . It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon , London , since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts , and since 2009 with a retractable roof over Centre Court . Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments , the others being the Australian Open , the French Open and the US Open . Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988 , Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass , which is widely considered as the classic tennis court . The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June and early July , starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies ' and Gentlemen 's Singles Finals , scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week . However , recent changes to the tennis calendar have seen the event moved back by a week to begin in early July . Five major events are held each year , with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place . Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors and royal patronage . Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament . In 2017 , fans consumed 34,000 kg ( 33 tons ) of English strawberries and 10,000 litres ( 2,200 gallons ) of cream . Pimm 's is a favoured and traditional refreshment . The tournament is also notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts , with the exception of Rolex , which provides timekeeping technology during matches ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Championships,_Wimbledon', 'summary': "The Championships , Wimbledon , commonly known simply as Wimbledon or The Championships , is the oldest tennis tournament in the world , and is regarded by many as the most prestigious . It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon , London , since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts , and since 2009 with a retractable roof over Centre Court . Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments , the others being the Australian Open , the French Open and the US Open . Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988 , Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass , which is widely considered as the classic tennis court . The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June and early July , starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies ' and Gentlemen 's Singles Finals , scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week . However , recent changes to the tennis calendar have seen the event moved back by a week to begin in early July . Five major events are held each year , with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place . Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors and royal patronage . Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament . In 2017 , fans consumed 34,000 kg ( 33 tons ) of English strawberries and 10,000 litres ( 2,200 gallons ) of cream . Pimm 's is a favoured and traditional refreshment . The tournament is also notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts , with the exception of Rolex , which provides timekeeping technology during matches ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Packer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Packer', 'summary': 'Anthony William Billy Hewlett Packer ( born Anthony William Paczkowski , February 25 , 1940 ) is a former American sportscaster and a published author . Packer spent more than three decades as a color analyst for television coverage of college basketball .'}]}, {'value': 'Wake Forest , 1962', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wake_Forest_University', 'summary': "Wake Forest University is a private research university in Winston-Salem , North Carolina . Founded in 1834 , the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest , north of Raleigh , North Carolina . The Reynolda Campus , the university 's main campus , has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956 . The Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center campus has two locations , the older one located near the Ardmore neighborhood in central Winston-Salem , and the newer campus at Wake Forest Innovation Quarter downtown . The university also occupies lab space at Biotech Plaza at Innovation Quarter , and at the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials . The university 's Graduate School of Management maintains a presence on the main campus in Winston-Salem and in Charlotte , North Carolina . Wake Forest has produced 15 Rhodes Scholars , including 13 since 1986 , four Marshall Scholars , 15 Truman Scholars and 92 Fulbright recipients since 1993. Notable people of Wake Forest University include author Maya Angelou , mathematician Phillip Griffiths , Senators Richard Burr and Kay Hagan , former sportscaster and athlete Billy Packer , athletes Chris Paul , Tim Duncan , Muggsy Bogues , Brian Piccolo and Arnold Palmer , and CEO Charlie Ergen . Wake Forest student athletes are known as the Demon Deacons and compete in the NCAA Division I - Atlantic Coast Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'CBS Sports Sportscaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CBS_Sports', 'summary': "CBS Sports is the sports division of the American television network CBS . Its headquarters are in the CBS Building on West 52nd Street in midtown Manhattan , New York City , with programs produced out of Studio 43 at the CBS Broadcast Center on West 57th Street . Its premier sports properties are professional basketball ( including BIG3 and the WNBA ) , NFL , Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) football , NCAA basketball ( including telecasts of the NCAA Men 's Basketball Tournament ) , and PGA Tour golf , including The Masters and the PGA Championship . The online arm of CBS Sports is CBSSports.com . CBS purchased SportsLine.com in 2004 , and today CBSSports.com is part of CBS Interactive . On February 26 , 2018 , following up on the success of their online news network CBSN , CBS Sports launched CBS Sports HQ , a 24/7 , online only , linear sports news network . The network focuses entirely on sports news , results , highlights and analysis . ( CBS Sports college sports and golf programming that it distributes over the air is generally made available for free via separate streams , as are a limited number of NFL national telecasts ; the remainder requires a CBS All Access subscription to be viewed online , with CBS Sports Network programming requiring a TV Everywhere subscription . ) CBS Sports was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Advanced Media Technology for Synchronous Enhancement of Original Television Content for Interactive Use for its program March Madness on Demand . On August 31 , 2013 , CBS Sports rolled out its previous graphics and animation package that was first used in the network 's coverage of Super Bowl XLVII . Additionally , in compliance with the Active Format Description # 10 code , CBS Sports switched to a 16:9 aspect ratio letterbox presentation used for all sports programming , including the SEC on CBS and the NFL on CBS broadcasts . On November 30 , 2015 , CBS Sports released a new logo in order to coincide with the network 's coverage of Super Bowl 50 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sportscaster', 'summary': "In sports broadcasting , a sports commentator ( also known as sports announcer , sportscaster or play-by-play announcer ) gives a running commentary of a game or event in real time , usually during a live broadcast , traditionally delivered in the historical present tense . Radio was the first medium for sports broadcasts , and radio commentators must describe all aspects of the action to listeners who can not see it for themselves . In the case of televised sports coverage , commentators are usually presented as a voiceover , with images of the contest shown on viewers ' screens and sounds of the action and spectators heard in the background . Television commentators are rarely shown on screen during an event , though some networks choose to feature their announcers on camera either before or after the contest or briefly during breaks in the action ."}]}, {'value': 'Reid Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reid_Patterson', 'summary': 'Logan Reid Patterson ( July 2 , 1932 - January 15 , 2014 ) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1956 Summer Olympics . Patterson was born in Pineville , Kentucky . He attended the University of Georgia , where he swam for the Georgia Bulldogs swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition from 1951 to 1954 . He was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . He won the NCAA national championship in the 100-yard freestyle in 1953 , setting the American record during the meet . Patterson won eight Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) titles during his tenure at Georgia . He set six SEC records while in Athens : the 50- , 100- , and 220-yard freestyles , the 100- and 200-yard backstrokes , and the 150-yard individual medley . Patterson finished fourth in the event final of the 100-meter freestyle at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , Australia . He briefly held the Olympic record in the event after his first heat . He later held the world records in the 50-meter freestyle and the 200-meter freestyle relay . He held the American record in the 400-meter freestyle and the 400-meter medley relay . He was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1984 , and the University of Georgia Circle of Honor in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia , 1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': '1956 Melbourne Olympic Games swimmer . Former 50 meter freestyle World record holder and 200 meter freestyle relay World record holder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1956_Melbourne_Olympic_Games', 'summary': "The 1956 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia from 22 November to 8 December 1956 , with the exception of the equestrian events , which were held in Stockholm , Sweden in June 1956 . These Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania , as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America . Melbourne is the most southerly city ever to host the Olympics . Due to the Southern Hemisphere 's seasons being different from those in the Northern Hemisphere , the 1956 Games did not take place at the usual time of year , because of the need to hold the events during the warmer weather of the host 's spring/summer ( which corresponds to the Northern Hemisphere 's autumn/winter ) . The Olympic equestrian events could not be held in Melbourne due to Australia 's strict quarantine regulations , so they were held in Stockholm five months earlier . This was the second time that the Olympics were not held entirely in one country , the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics , which were held in Antwerp , Belgium , with some events taking place in Ostend , Belgium and Amsterdam , Netherlands . Despite uncertainties and various complications encountered during the preparations , the 1956 Games went ahead in Melbourne as planned and turned out to be a success . The enduring tradition of national teams parading as one during the closing ceremony was started at these Olympics . Several teams boycotted the Games in protest of the IOC 's rejection to suspend the USSR after their invasion of Hungary . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/World_record', 'summary': 'A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill , sport , or other kind of activity . The book Guinness World Records collates and publishes notable records of many types , from first and best to worst human achievements , to extremes in the natural world and beyond .'}, {'url': '/wiki/World_record', 'summary': 'A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill , sport , or other kind of activity . The book Guinness World Records collates and publishes notable records of many types , from first and best to worst human achievements , to extremes in the natural world and beyond .'}]}, {'value': 'W.O . Payne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W.O._Payne', 'summary': 'William Oscar Payne ( January 10 , 1879 - March 24 , 1944 ) was a longtime professor of history at the University of Georgia . He served as athletic director at Georgia from 1936 to 1943 .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia , 1900', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletic Director at the University of Georgia 1936-1943 . Payne Hall on the Georgia campus is named in his honor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletic_Director', 'summary': 'An athletic director ( commonly athletics director or AD ) is an administrator at many clubs or institutions , like colleges and universities , as well as in larger high schools and middle schools , who oversees the work of coaches and related staff involved in athletic programs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Payne_Hall_(UGA)', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Gordon Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association', 'summary': 'The United States Tennis Association ( USTA ) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States . A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members , it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis , from the grass-roots to the professional levels . The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States . The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year . The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro . The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia , 1975', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Executive Director and COO of the United States Tennis Association . Member of the ITA Hall of Fame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Tennis_Association', 'summary': 'The United States Tennis Association ( USTA ) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States . A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members , it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis , from the grass-roots to the professional levels . The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States . The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year . The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro . The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Intercollegiate_Tennis_Association', 'summary': 'The Intercollegiate Tennis Association is an organization of tennis coaches and players at the college level in the United States . The membership includes people from NCAA Divisions I , II , III , and NAIA and Junior/Community College schools . The head office is located in Tempe , Arizona .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Trabert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Trabert', 'summary': "Marion Anthony Trabert ( born August 16 , 1930 ) is a former American World No . 1 tennis champion and long-time tennis author , TV commentator , instructor , and motivational speaker . In his 1979 autobiography Jack Kramer , the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself , included Trabert in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time . Trabert was the No . 1 ranked player in the world in both 1953 and 1955 and the winner of ten major titles - five in singles and five in doubles . Trabert took his keen mind and aptitude for tennis and created a career that included two French singles championships ( 1954 , 1955 ) , two U.S. National Men 's Singles Championships ( 1953 , 1955 ) and one Wimbledon Gentlemen Singles championship ( 1955 ) . Until Michael Chang won the French Open in 1989 , Trabert was the last American to hoist the championship trophy ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Cincinnati , 1952', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati', 'summary': 'The University of Cincinnati ( UC or Cincinnati ) is a public research university in Cincinnati , Ohio . Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College , it is the oldest institution of higher education in Cincinnati and has an annual enrollment of over 44,000 students , making it the second largest university in Ohio . It is part of the University System of Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennis champion , International Tennis Hall of Fame member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis', 'summary': "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye ."}, {'url': '/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport , Rhode Island , United States . It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis . The complex , the former Newport Casino , includes a museum , grass tennis courts , an indoor tennis facility , and a court tennis ( or real tennis ) facility .'}]}, {'value': 'Carl F. Ullrich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carl_F._Ullrich', 'summary': 'Carl Farnum Ullrich ( born June 23 , 1928 ) is a former American college rowing coach and athletics administrator who served as the first civilian athletic director at the United States Military Academy , from 1980 to 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornell University , 1950', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell_University', 'summary': "Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletic Director at West Point 1980-1990 . Executive Director of the Patriot League 1989-1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletic_Director', 'summary': 'An athletic director ( commonly athletics director or AD ) is an administrator at many clubs or institutions , like colleges and universities , as well as in larger high schools and middle schools , who oversees the work of coaches and related staff involved in athletic programs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Point', 'summary': "The United States Military Academy ( USMA ) , also known as West Point , Army , Army West Point , The Academy , or simply The Point , is a four-year federal service academy in West Point , New York . It was originally established as a fort that sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River with a scenic view , 50 miles ( 80 km ) north of New York City . It is the oldest of the five U.S. service academies . The academy traces its roots to 1801 , when President Thomas Jefferson directed , shortly after his inauguration , that plans be set in motion to establish the United States Military Academy at West Point . The entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites , buildings , and monuments . The majority of the campus 's Norman-style buildings are constructed from gray and black granite . The campus is a popular tourist destination , with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army . Candidates for admission must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination , usually from a member of Congress or Delegate/Resident Commissioner in the case of Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , Northern Mariana Islands , Guam , American Samoa , and the Virgin Islands . Other nomination sources include the President and Vice President of the United States . Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets or collectively as the United States Corps of Cadets ( USCC ) . Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation . Approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July , with about 1,000 cadets graduating ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Patriot_League', 'summary': "The Patriot League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising private institutions of higher education and two United States service academies based in the Northeastern United States . Outside the Ivy League , it is among the most selective group of higher education institutions in NCAA Division I and has a very high student-athlete graduation rate for both the NCAA graduation success rate and the federal graduation rate . The Patriot League consists of 10 core members : American University , the United States Military Academy ( Army ) , Boston University , Bucknell University , Colgate University , College of the Holy Cross , Lafayette College , Lehigh University , Loyola University Maryland and the United States Naval Academy ( Navy ) . All 10 core members participate in the NCAA 's Division I for all Patriot League sports that they offer . Since not all schools sponsor every available NCAA sport , such as ice hockey and wrestling , most schools are affiliated with other collegiate conferences . Additionally , the Patriot League has a unique arrangement for football . Bucknell , Colgate , Holy Cross , Lafayette , and Lehigh are members of the Patriot League 's Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) conference . Of the five other conference members , American , Boston University and Loyola Maryland do not sponsor football while Army and Navy play in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ; Army is an independent while Navy currently competes as an associate member of the American Athletic Conference . Four other private institutions are Patriot League members only for specific sports and are referred to as 'Patriot League associate members . ' Fordham University and Georgetown University are associate members in football , while MIT is an associate member in women 's rowing and University of Richmond is an associate member in women 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Darrin Van Horn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darrin_Van_Horn', 'summary': 'Darrin Van Horn ( born September 7 , 1968 , in Cincinnati , Ohio ) is a retired professional boxer . He was a world champion in two weight divisions .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Kentucky , 1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Kentucky', 'summary': "The University of Kentucky ( UK ) is a public university in Lexington , Kentucky . Founded in 1865 by John Bryan Bowman as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky , the university is one of the state 's two land-grant universities ( the other being Kentucky State University ) and the institution with the highest enrollment in the state , with 30,720 students as of Fall 2015 . The institution comprises 16 colleges , a graduate school , 93 undergraduate programs , 99 master programs , 66 doctoral programs , and four professional programs . [ needs update ] The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus . The largest is the William T. Young Library , a federal depository , hosting subjects related to social sciences , humanities , and life sciences collections . In recent years , the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research , following a compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1997 . The directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution , in terms of an overall ranking , to be determined by the university itself , by the year 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Professional Boxer , 1989 IBF Junior Middleweight Champion , 1991 IBF Super Middleweight Champion', 'urls': []}, {'value': "O'Neill Williams", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/O'Neill_Williams", 'summary': "O'Neill Williams , born in Atlanta in October 1943 , is host of O'Neill Outside , an outdoor based television series on FOX Sports Sun , FOX Sports Southeast , FOX Sports Arizona , Pursuit Channel , HuntTV , Amazon Prime , Outdoor Action Network , Camo Crusade , Waypoint TV , GEN 7 Outdoors to 277,000,000 subscriber households weekly and O'Neill Outside radio broadcasts to 38 states via WSB Radio in Atlanta and is in syndication nationally via the 155 SB Nation affiliates . O'Neill Outside radio is the # 1 outdoor based live radio talk show in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'Emory , 1965', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emory_University', 'summary': 'Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta , Georgia . The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford , Georgia , by the Methodist Episcopal Church and was named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory . In 1915 , Emory College moved to its present location in Druid Hills and was rechartered as Emory University . Its relocation was funded by Asa Griggs Candler , a businessman and philanthropist who wanted a major university in the city . Emory maintained a presence in Oxford ; its institution developed as Oxford College , a residential liberal arts college for the first two years of the Emory baccalaureate degree . The university is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia and among the fifty oldest private universities in the United States . Emory University has nine academic divisions : Emory College of Arts and Sciences , Oxford College , Goizueta Business School , Laney Graduate School , School of Law , School of Medicine , Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing , Rollins School of Public Health , and the Candler School of Theology . Emory University , the Georgia Institute of Technology , and Peking University in Beijing , China jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering . The university operates the Confucius Institute in Atlanta in partnership with Nanjing University . Emory has a growing faculty research partnership with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ) . Emory University students come from all 50 states , the District of Columbia , five territories of the United States , and over 100 foreign countries . Emory Healthcare is the largest healthcare system in the state of Georgia and comprises seven major hospitals , including the internationally renowned Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown .'}]}, {'value': "Professional fisherman and outdoor personality . Host of TV 's O'Neill Outside on Sun Sports , SportSouth and the Versus channels", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Sports', 'summary': 'Fox Sports Sun , formerly Sun Sports and originally Sunshine Network , is an American regional sports network that is owned by Diamond Sports Group , a joint venture between Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios , and operates as an affiliate of Fox Sports Networks . The channel broadcasts local coverage of professional , collegiate and sporting events in the state of Florida , with a focus on professional sports teams based in Miami , Tampa and Orlando . Fox Sports Sun and sister regional sports network Fox Sports Florida are headquartered in Fort Lauderdale , Florida . Fox Sports Sun is available on cable providers throughout Florida ; it is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV and Dish Network .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SportSouth', 'summary': "Fox Sports Southeast ( originally named SportSouth from its inception until October 4 , 2015 ) is an American regional sports network that is owned by Diamond Sports Group , a joint venture between Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios , and operates as an affiliate of Fox Sports Networks . Headquartered in Atlanta , Georgia , the channel broadcasts regional coverage of sports events throughout the southeastern United States , with a focus on professional sports teams based in Atlanta , Tennessee , and Charlotte . Fox Sports Southeast is available on cable providers throughout Georgia , Tennessee , Alabama , Mississippi , South Carolina and parts of North Carolina ( roughly from Asheville to Charlotte ) ; it is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV and Dish Network . The channel 's programming reaches an estimated 8.9 million cable and satellite subscribers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Versus_(TV_channel)', 'summary': "NBCSN is an American pay television channel that is owned by the NBC Sports Group division of NBCUniversal . It originally launched on July 1 , 1995 , as the Outdoor Life Network ( OLN ) , which was dedicated to programming primarily involving fishing , hunting , outdoor adventure programs , and outdoor sports . By the turn of the 21st century , OLN became better known for its extensive coverage of the Tour de France but eventually began covering more mainstream sporting events , resulting in its relaunch as Versus in September 2006 . In 2011 , Comcast , the original owner of the network , acquired a majority stake in NBCUniversal . As a result , Comcast merged the operations of its pay channels with those of NBC . In particular , it aligned the operation of its sports channels with NBC 's sports division , NBC Sports . On January 1 , 2012 , Versus was rebranded as the NBC Sports Network ( on-air branding later shortened to NBCSN ) to reflect these changes . As of September 15 , 2014 , the majority of NBC Sports ' operations , including NBCSN , is based in facilities in Stamford , Connecticut . As of September 2018 , NBCSN is available to approximately 83.3 million households ( 90.2% of households with cable ) in the United States ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Sigma_Chi_members_4', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable alumni of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. Many notable Sigma Chi Brothers are awarded the Significant Sig Award by headquarters, indicated by as superscriptS.'}
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What city and state is the university in that Carl F. Ullrich went to ?
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Ithaca , New York
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02d13d75e3b65f26
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taniec_z_Gwiazdami_(season_12)', 'title': 'Taniec z Gwiazdami (season 12)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Best dancer', 'Best score', 'Worst dancer', 'Worst score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cha-Cha-Cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Monika Pyrek Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz_(International_Standard)', 'summary': 'Waltz is one of the five dances in the Standard ( or Modern ) category of the International Style ballroom dances . It was previously referred to as Slow Waltz or English Waltz . Waltz is usually the first dance in the Dancesport competition rounds . It is danced exclusively in the closed position , unlike its American Style counterpart .'}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcin Kwaśny', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Patricia Kazadi Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Kalata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Kalata', 'summary': "Anna Kalata ( born 10 May 1964 , Milanówek , Poland ) is a Polish politician , celebrity and occasional actress . She was a member of the populist Samoobrona party . In Jarosław Kaczyński 's cabinet she was the minister of labour and social policy . She participated in the 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami ( the Polish version of Dancing With The Stars ) . After losing 38 kilograms ( 84 lb ) she appeared on the cover of Shape magazine ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Korzeniowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Korzeniowski', 'summary': 'Robert Marek Korzeniowski ( born 30 July 1968 ) is a Polish former racewalker . He won four gold medals at the Summer Olympics and three at world championships . Korzeniowski is a three-peat winner of the 50 km walk at the Summer Olympics . He won 1996 in Atlanta , 2000 in Sydney , and 2004 in Athens . In addition , he became the first athlete to claim both the long distance and the short distance crown , when he won the 20 km title at the 2000 games .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi Maria Niklińska Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcin Kwaśny', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso Doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_Doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi Paweł Staliński', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Kalata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Kalata', 'summary': "Anna Kalata ( born 10 May 1964 , Milanówek , Poland ) is a Polish politician , celebrity and occasional actress . She was a member of the populist Samoobrona party . In Jarosław Kaczyński 's cabinet she was the minister of labour and social policy . She participated in the 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami ( the Polish version of Dancing With The Stars ) . After losing 38 kilograms ( 84 lb ) she appeared on the cover of Shape magazine ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_(dance)', 'summary': 'Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz_(International_Standard)', 'summary': 'Waltz is one of the five dances in the Standard ( or Modern ) category of the International Style ballroom dances . It was previously referred to as Slow Waltz or English Waltz . Waltz is usually the first dance in the Dancesport competition rounds . It is danced exclusively in the closed position , unlike its American Style counterpart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Andrzej Deskur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_Tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' marks are as follows :", 'uid': 'Taniec_z_Gwiazdami_(season_12)_1', 'intro': 'The 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami, the Polish edition of Dancing With the Stars, started on 5 September 2010 and ended on 28 November 2010. It was broadcast by TVN. Katarzyna Skrzynecka and Piotr Gąsowski continued as the hosts, and the judges were: Iwona Szymańska-Pavlović, Zbigniew Wodecki, Beata Tyszkiewicz and Piotr Galiński.'}
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In 2003 , a Polish actress and singer starred in a film directed by Jerzy Hoffman before she performed a partner dance on season 12 of Taniec z Gwiazdami that originated along what ?
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Río de la Plata
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02d26f87a201ce2f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Dakota', 'title': 'List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota', 'header': ['Name', 'Built', 'Listed', 'Location', 'County', 'Type'], 'data': [{'value': 'Beaver Creek Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beaver_Creek_Bridge_(Finley,_North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'The Beaver Creek Bridge near Finley , North Dakota , also known as Newburgh Bridge , is a Pratt through truss bridge that was built in 1913 . It is a pinned Pratt pony truss bridge and is the oldest documented bridge in Steele County constructed by a long-term county bridge builder , the Fargo Bridge and Iron Company . Fargo built bridges in Steele County in almost every year between 1904 and 1920 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It is owned and maintained by Steele County .'}]}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finley 47°35′16″N 97°33′28″W / 47.58778°N 97.55778°W / 47.58778 ; -97.55778 ( Beaver Creek Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finley,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Finley is a city in Steele County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Steele County . The population was 445 at the 2010 census . Finley was founded in 1897 .'}]}, {'value': 'Steele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steele_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Steele County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 1,975 . Its county seat since 1919 is Finley .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caledonia Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia_Bridge_(North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'The Caledonia Bridge , also known as Goose River Bridge , over the Goose River near Caledonia , North Dakota , was built in 1895 . It was designed/built by the Wrought Iron Bridge Co. and is a Pratt through truss bridge . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caledonia 47°27′26″N 96°53′3″W / 47.45722°N 96.88417°W / 47.45722 ; -96.88417 ( Caledonia Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia,_North_Dakota', 'summary': "Caledonia is a census-designated place in Traill County , North Dakota in the United States . A former boomtown of the 1870s and the era of the Hudson 's Bay Company steamship trade , the community has now all but virtually disappeared . An unincorporated community , it was designated as part of the U.S. Census Bureau 's Participant Statistical Areas Program on March 31 , 2010 . It was not counted separately during the 2000 Census , but was included in the 2010 Census , where a population of 39 was reported ."}]}, {'value': 'Traill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traill_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Traill County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census listed the population at 8,121 . Its county seat is Hillsboro , and its largest city is Mayville .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cedar Creek Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedar_Creek_Bridge_(Haynes,_North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'The Cedar Creek Bridge near Haynes , North Dakota is a Pratt through truss structure that was built in 1908 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in 1997 . It is a rigid-connected ( riveted ) Pratt through truss . It was one of many North Dakota bridges listed on the National Register as part of a Multiple Property Submission . The bridge is located 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) north and 11 miles ( 18 km ) east of Haynes . It brings a county section road across Cedar Creek . According to its NRHP nomination , The bridge is significant . for its association with an important pattern of bridge construction in a number of counties in the state , in which one or two bridge companies received most of the contracts over a successive period of years , even with , or under the pretense of , competitive bidding . This pattern emerged in the late nineteenth century and , in some counties , continued into the 1930s . This bridge serves as a representative example of the pattern ; it is one of the two oldest documented bridges in Adams County constructed by a long-term county bridge builder , the Twin City Bridge Company .'}]}, {'value': '1908', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haynes 46°3′2″N 102°13′37″W / 46.05056°N 102.22694°W / 46.05056 ; -102.22694 ( Cedar Creek Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haynes,_North_Dakota', 'summary': "Haynes is a city in Adams County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 23 at the 2010 census . Haynes was founded as Gadsden in 1906 along the Milwaukee Road 's transcontinental rail line known as the Pacific Extension . The name was changed to Haynes in 1907 to honor George B. Haynes , president of the Milwaukee Road at the time ."}]}, {'value': 'Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adams_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 2,343 . The county seat is Hettinger . The county was created on April 17 , 1907 , and organized one week later . It was named for John Quincy Adams ( 1848-1919 ) , a railroad official for the Milwaukee Road Railroad and distant relative of sixth U.S. President John Quincy Adams ( 1767-1848 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Colton 's Crossing Bridge", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colton's_Crossing_Bridge", 'summary': "The Colton 's Crossing Bridge , in Ransom County , North Dakota near Lisbon , North Dakota , also known as Sheyenne River Bridge , was built in 1907 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in 1997 . According to its NRHP nomination , the"}]}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Lisbon 46°23′2″N 97°37′58″W / 46.38389°N 97.63278°W / 46.38389 ; -97.63278 ( Colton 's Crossing Bridge )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Lisbon is a city in Ransom County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Ransom County . The population was 2,154 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Ransom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ransom_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Ransom County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 5,457 . Its county seat is Lisbon .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crystal Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crystal_Bridge_(Crystal,_North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'Crystal Bridge in Crystal , North Dakota is a bridge which was built in 1927 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . According to its NRHP nomination , the bridge is a two-span concrete T-beam structure , some 66 feet long . Concrete T-beam designs saw occasional use in North Dakota during the first half of the twentieth century , as bridge builders began experimenting with the increased use of reinforced concrete in heavy load-bearing applications . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It is owned and maintained by Pembina County .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-05-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crystal 48°35′49″N 97°40′20″W / 48.59694°N 97.67222°W / 48.59694 ; -97.67222 ( Crystal Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crystal,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Crystal is a city in Pembina County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 138 at the 2010 census . Crystal was founded in 1879 .'}]}, {'value': 'Pembina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pembina_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Pembina County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . At the 2010 United States Census its population was 7,413 . The county seat is Cavalier .'}]}, {'value': 'Concrete T-beam bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastwood Park Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastwood_Park_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Eastwood Park Bridge in Minot , North Dakota is a cantilever type structure that was built in 1927 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . It spans an oxbow of the Souris River .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975-04-21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minot 48°14′10″N 101°17′3″W / 48.23611°N 101.28417°W / 48.23611 ; -101.28417 ( Eastwood Park Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minot,_North_Dakota', 'summary': "Minot ( /ˈmaɪnɒt/ ( listen ) MY-not ) is a city in and the county seat of Ward County , North Dakota , United States , in the state 's north-central region . It is most widely known for the Air Force base located approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) north of the city . With a population of 40,888 at the 2010 census , Minot is the fourth largest city in the state and a trading center for a large portion of northern North Dakota , southwestern Manitoba , and southeastern Saskatchewan . Founded in 1886 during the construction of James J. Hill 's Great Northern Railway , Minot is also known as Magic City , commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time . Minot is the principal city of the Minot micropolitan area , a micropolitan area that covers McHenry , Renville , and Ward counties and had a combined population of 69,540 at the 2010 census . In 2017 , it was estimated that the population of the Minot Micropolitan Area was 77,309 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ward_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Ward County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 61,675 , making it the fourth-most populous county in North Dakota . Its county seat is Minot . Ward County is part of the Minot , ND Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Cantilever type', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elliott Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elliott_Bridge', 'summary': "The Elliott Bridge , in North Dakota , United States , also known as Souris River Bridge , was built by Fargo Bridge & Iron Co. in 1902 . The bridge was designed to replace a county-owned ferry boat that had been operating across the Souris River at 'the Elliott Place . ' It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It is owned and maintained by McHenry County ."}]}, {'value': '1902', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Towner 48°24′27″N 100°23′45″W / 48.40750°N 100.39583°W / 48.40750 ; -100.39583 ( Elliott Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Towner,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Towner is a city in McHenry County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of McHenry County . The population was 533 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area . Towner was founded in 1886 . Despite their similar names , the city of Towner is not in Towner County , North Dakota .'}]}, {'value': 'McHenry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McHenry_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'McHenry County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 5,395 . Its county seat is Towner . McHenry County is part of the Minot , ND Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairview Lift Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairview_Lift_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Fairview Lift Bridge , also known as Great Northern Railway Bridge 3.2 , was built in 1913 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It was built by Gerrick & Gerrick of Steele , North Dakota . It is one of two almost identical bridges the Montana Eastern Railway built within ten miles of each other which cross different rivers in different states . Its near twin is the Snowden Bridge which crosses the Missouri River in Montana . The railway has not been used since the mid-1980s . In 1996 the bridge was owned by Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Company . It is located in McKenzie County , North Dakota , and is a few hundred feet south of a 1955-built truss bridge of North Dakota State Highway 200 . About 300 feet east of the lift bridge along the rail line is the timber-lined Cartwright tunnel , which is the only completed railroad tunnel in the state .'}]}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-03-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartwright 47°55′44″N 103°57′55″W / 47.92889°N 103.96528°W / 47.92889 ; -103.96528 ( Fairview Lift Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartwright,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Cartwright is an unincorporated community in northwestern McKenzie County , North Dakota , United States . Notable residents include Tom Voll , a local river pirate . The community is named for Samuel George Cartwright , a rancher , trapper , and hunter who was the first settler in the area . It lies along North Dakota Highway 200 west of the city of Watford City , the county seat of McKenzie County . Its elevation is 1,906 feet ( 581 m ) . Although it is unincorporated , it has a post office , with the ZIP code of 58838 .'}]}, {'value': 'McKenzie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McKenzie_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'McKenzie County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 6,360 . Its county seat is Watford City . Between 2010 and 2018 , according to Census Bureau estimates , it was the fastest growing county in the United States , growing 114.3 percent . The county lies immediately adjacent to the Williston Micropolitan Statistical Area , although the Census Bureau does not include McKenzie County in that grouping .'}]}, {'value': 'railroad lift bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grace City Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grace_City_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Grace City Bridge near Grace City , North Dakota , also known as the James River Bridge , is a Pratt through truss structure that was built in 1925 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grace City 47°32′39″N 98°49′52″W / 47.54417°N 98.83111°W / 47.54417 ; -98.83111 ( Grace City Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grace_City,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Grace City is a city in Foster County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 63 at the 2010 census . Grace City was founded in 1910 .'}]}, {'value': 'Foster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foster_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Foster County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 3,343 . Its county seat is Carrington .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Northern Railway Underpass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_Underpass', 'summary': 'The Great Northern Railway Underpass at Stanley , North Dakota is a concrete deck girder bridge that was built in 1937 . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . According to its nomination , the bridge is a heavily-built single-span steel stringer design with a concrete substructure . This design saw common use in the numerous structures built to carry North Dakota roadways under railroad lines , generally beginning in the 1930s .'}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanley 48°19′11″N 102°23′24″W / 48.31972°N 102.39000°W / 48.31972 ; -102.39000 ( Great Northern Railway Underpass )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanley,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Stanley is a city in Mountrail County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Mountrail County . The population was 1,458 at the 2010 census . making it the nineteenth largest city in North Dakota . Stanley was founded in 1902 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mountrail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountrail_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Mountrail County is a county in the northwestern part of North Dakota , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 7,673 . Its county seat is Stanley . The county was originally created in 1873 , then removed in 1892 , annexed by Ward County . It was re-created and organized in 1909 . Oil production from the Bakken formation in the early 21st century has attracted workers and reversed decades of population decline in the county . From 2010 to 2015 , especially , population has markedly increased , creating its own strains .'}]}, {'value': 'concrete deck girder bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knife River Bridge near Stanton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knife_River_Bridge_near_Stanton', 'summary': 'The Knife River Bridge near Stanton near Stanton , North Dakota is a Pratt through truss structure that was built in 1898 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 . The bridge was damaged in the spring of 1997 and was threatened with demolition . It was repaired and repainted for $ 126,400 , and reopened for use in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'by 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001-04-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanton 47°19′36″N 101°28′7″W / 47.32667°N 101.46861°W / 47.32667 ; -101.46861 ( Knife River Bridge near Stanton )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanton,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Stanton is a city in Mercer County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Mercer County . The population was 366 at the 2010 census . Stanton was founded in 1883 and became the county seat when Mercer County organized in 1884 . Stanton is home to the Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site , which houses a Hidatsa earth lodge and three abandoned villages . One of these , Awatixa , is believed to be the former home of Sakakawea .'}]}, {'value': 'Mercer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercer_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Mercer County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 8,424 . Its county seat is Stanton .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisbon Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon_Bridge_(Lisbon,_North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'The Lisbon Bridge over the Sheyenne River in Lisbon , North Dakota , also known as Sheyenne River Bridge , was built by the Works Project Administration in 1936 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisbon 46°26′49″N 97°40′52″W / 46.44694°N 97.68111°W / 46.44694 ; -97.68111 ( Lisbon Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Lisbon is a city in Ransom County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Ransom County . The population was 2,154 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Ransom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ransom_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Ransom County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 5,457 . Its county seat is Lisbon .'}]}, {'value': 'steel cantilever bean bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midland Continental Overpass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midland_Continental_Overpass', 'summary': "The Midland Continental Overpass near Jamestown , North Dakota is a steel cantilever beam bridge that was built in 1936 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . The bridge crossed the Midland Continental Railroad track . According to its nomination , the bridge is significant for its association with efforts to modernize and improve North Dakota 's roadway system during the New Deal era , including the state 's first large-scale program of railroad-highway grade separation construction . The overpass is also eligible . because it exhibits an unusual engineering design . The use of cantilevered spans during the historic period , such as exhibited at this structure , is rare in North Dakota . However , there are no records of the bridge 's construction in county records ."}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamestown 46°56′9″N 98°32′55″W / 46.93583°N 98.54861°W / 46.93583 ; -98.54861 ( Midland Continental Overpass )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamestown,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Jamestown is a city in Stutsman County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Stutsman County . The population was 15,427 at the 2010 census , making it the ninth largest city in North Dakota . Jamestown was founded in 1872 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stutsman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stutsman_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Stutsman County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 21,100 . Its county seat is Jamestown . The Jamestown , North Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Stutsman County .'}]}, {'value': 'steel cantilever beam bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midway Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midway_Bridge_(Johnstown,_North_Dakota)', 'summary': 'Midway Bridge near Johnstown , North Dakota is the only bedstead bridge known to have been built in North Dakota . It appears to have been built locally , not as part of a state or county program , during the 1920-1930 period . Also known as Bedstead Bridge , it is a Warren Bedstead-type truss bridge .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnstown 48°7′50″N 97°30′50″W / 48.13056°N 97.51389°W / 48.13056 ; -97.51389 ( Midway Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnstown,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Johnstown is an unincorporated community in Grand Forks County , North Dakota , United States . It is the nearest community to the Midway Bridge , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Forks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Forks_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Grand Forks County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 66,861 , making it the third-most populous county in North Dakota . Its county seat and largest community is Grand Forks .'}]}, {'value': 'Warren Bedstead bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nesheim Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nesheim_Bridge', 'summary': "The Nesheim Bridge near McVille , North Dakota is a Pratt through truss structure that was built in 1904 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It was argued significant partly because it is the oldest documented metal truss bridge in Nelson County . It was built in 1904 as a replacement to a bridge named Sampson Crossing that was deemed , in 1904 , to be 'entirely useless ' by county commissioners . The low bid for the job was that of Fargo Bridge & Iron Co. , for $ 2,318 ."}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McVille 47°44′15″N 98°13′6″W / 47.73750°N 98.21833°W / 47.73750 ; -98.21833 ( Nesheim Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McVille,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'McVille is a city in Nelson County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 349 at the 2010 census . McVille was founded in 1906 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Nelson County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 3,126 . Its county seat is Lakota .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rockford Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rockford_Bridge', 'summary': 'The New Rockford Bridge near New Rockford , North Dakota is a Warren through truss structure that was built in 1904 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-03-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rockford 47°41′8″N 99°8′5″W / 47.68556°N 99.13472°W / 47.68556 ; -99.13472 ( New Rockford Bridge ) Closed to traffic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rockford,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'New Rockford is a city in Eddy County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Eddy County . The population was 1,391 at the 2010 census . New Rockford was founded in 1883 .'}]}, {'value': 'Eddy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddy_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Eddy County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 2,385 . Its county seat is New Rockford .'}]}, {'value': 'Warren through truss bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwood Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwood_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Northwood Bridge , also known as Goose River Bridge , is a historic 56-foot-long ( 17 m ) bridge across the Goose River about 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) from Northwood , North Dakota . Dating from 1906 , it is significant as a relatively rare example of a half-hip type of Pratt pony truss bridge . It is also significant as the oldest surviving documented bridge in Grand Forks County , North Dakota . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . Another bridge on the same river , the Goose River Bridge , is also NRHP-listed in North Dakota . The Northwood Bridge was listed a few months later . The Northwood Bridge is one of ten bridges of the Fargo Bridge & Iron Co. in North Dakota that are listed on the National Register .'}]}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwood 47°43′3″N 97°36′25″W / 47.71750°N 97.60694°W / 47.71750 ; -97.60694 ( Northwood Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwood,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Northwood is a city in Grand Forks County , North Dakota , United States . It is part of the Grand Forks , ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area or Greater Grand Forks . The population was 945 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Forks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Forks_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Grand Forks County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 66,861 , making it the third-most populous county in North Dakota . Its county seat and largest community is Grand Forks .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt pony truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Norway Bridge near Mayville , North Dakota is a Pratt pony truss structure that was built in 1912 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1912', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mayville 47°27′26″N 97°11′55″W / 47.45722°N 97.19861°W / 47.45722 ; -97.19861 ( Norway Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayville,_North_Dakota', 'summary': "Mayville is a city in Traill County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 1,858 at the 2010 census , which makes Mayville the largest community in Traill County . Mayville was founded in 1881 . The city 's name remembers May Arnold , the first white child born in the immediate area . Mayville is often grouped with the neighboring city of Portland . The two towns are sometimes given the name May-Port . Mayville State University is located in Mayville ."}]}, {'value': 'Traill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traill_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Traill County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census listed the population at 8,121 . Its county seat is Hillsboro , and its largest city is Mayville .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt pony truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ost Valle Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ost_Valle_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Ost Valle Bridge is a bridge near Thompson , North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 . It crosses an unnamed tributary of the Red River , about one mile west of the Red River itself . It is one of the two oldest documented bridges in Grand Forks County that were built by long-term county bridge builder , the Jardine & Anderson . :7 It was probably built in 1910 , based on examining county records . :7 It includes Pratt through truss design/architecture . The property was covered in a study of Historic Roadway Bridges of North Dakota . The listing was for an area of less than one acre with just one contributing structure . The property is also denoted as 32GF292'}]}, {'value': '1910', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thompson 47°47′18″N 96°58′57″W / 47.78833°N 96.98250°W / 47.78833 ; -96.98250 ( Ost Valle Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thompson,_North_Dakota', 'summary': "Thompson is a city in Grand Forks County , North Dakota , United States . It is part of the Grand Forks , ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area or Greater Grand Forks . It is located on the border of Allendale and Walle townships , with Walle on the east and Allendale on the west . The population was 986 at the 2010 census . Thompson was founded in 1881 . The S & T Quick Stop was previously ( and more widely ) , also better , known as Tim 's Quick Stop ."}]}, {'value': 'Grand Forks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Forks_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Grand Forks County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 66,861 , making it the third-most populous county in North Dakota . Its county seat and largest community is Grand Forks .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romness Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romness_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Romness Bridge near Cooperstown , North Dakota is a Pratt through truss structure that was built in 1912 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1912', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-02-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cooperstown 47°34′22″N 98°5′37″W / 47.57278°N 98.09361°W / 47.57278 ; -98.09361 ( Romness Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooperstown,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Cooperstown is a city in Griggs County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Griggs County . The population was 984 at the 2010 census . Cooperstown was founded in 1882 .'}]}, {'value': 'Griggs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Griggs_County,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Griggs County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 2,420 . Its county seat is Cooperstown .'}]}, {'value': 'Pratt through truss', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places in the U.S. state of North Dakota . [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Dakota_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places in the U.S. state of North Dakota.'}
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What is the population of the city containing Colton 's Crossing Bridge ?
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2,154
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02d29c27ec6c35d5
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_1_(Swedish_football)', 'title': 'Division 1 (Swedish football)', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Stadium capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Akropolis IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akropolis_IF', 'summary': 'Akropolis IF is a Swedish football club located in Spånga , formed by Greek immigrants in 1968 . The club is named after the Acropolis of Athens , and Parthenon is pictured in its badge .'}]}, {'value': 'Kista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kista', 'summary': "Kista ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɕǐːsta ] ) is a district in the borough of Rinkeby-Kista , Stockholm , Sweden . It has a strategic position located in between Sweden 's main airport , the Stockholm-Arlanda International Airport and central Stockholm , and alongside the main national highway E4 economic artery . Kista comprises residential and commercial areas , the latter in the highly technological telecommunication and information technology industry . There are large research efforts in this entire area , which therefore is dubbed Kista Science City . It is the research park of KTH Royal Institute of Technology . Kista is the largest Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) cluster in Europe , and the world 's second largest cluster after Silicon Valley in California . It is the largest corporate area in Sweden , important to the national economy due to the presence of , among others , Ericsson Group , the largest corporation in Sweden . Kista Science City is the location where a large portion of the research and development of the world 's 4G LTE mobile telephony infrastructure is being developed , a European ETSI standard used worldwide and Kista Science City has been the largest such cluster in Europe for decades. [ when ? ] A majority is done at Ericsson corporation , with 100,000 employees worldwide , but with its research and worldwide Headquarters in the Kista Science City . Kista was named after an old farm Kista Gård , still located in the area . The construction of the modern parts were started in the 1970s . Most of the streets in Kista are named after towns and places in Denmark , Iceland , Greenland , and Faroe Islands ."}]}, {'value': 'Spånga IP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bodens BK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bodens_BK', 'summary': 'Bodens BK is a Swedish football club located in Boden in Norrbotten . The club , formed 1916 , is currently playing in the fourth tier of Swedish football , Division 2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boden,_Sweden', 'summary': "Boden ( Swedish : [ ˈbǔːdɛn ] , outdatedly [ ˈbûːdɛn ] ) is a locality and the seat of Boden Municipality in Norrbotten County , Sweden with 18,277 inhabitants in 2010 . It is part of the larger area around coastal city Luleå some 36 kilometres ( 22 mi ) southeast . Alongside Kiruna , it is one of the two largest towns in Northern Sweden 's interior ."}]}, {'value': 'Boden Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlstad United BK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlstad_United_BK', 'summary': 'Carlstad United BK is a Swedish football club located in Karlstad . The club , formed in 1998 , is currently playing in the third highest Swedish league , Division 1 Norra . The club is affiliated to the Värmlands Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Karlstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlstad', 'summary': "Karlstad ( US : /ˈkɑːrlstɑːd/ , Swedish : [ ˈkɑ̌ːɭsta ( d ) ] ( listen ) ) is a city , the seat of Karlstad Municipality , the capital of Värmland County , and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden . The city had 61,492 inhabitants in 2015 with 90,882 inhabitants in the wider municipality in 2017 , and is the 21st biggest municipality in Sweden . Karlstad has a university and a cathedral . Karlstad is built on the river delta where Sweden 's longest river , Klarälven , runs into Sweden 's largest lake , Vänern . It has the second largest lake port in the country after Västerås . Karlstad is often associated with sunshine and the symbol for Karlstad is a smiling sun . Karlstad is reputed to be one of the sunniest towns in Sweden and a local waitress , known as Sola i Karlstad ( the Sun in Karlstad ) for her sunny disposition , is also commemorated with a statue ."}]}, {'value': 'Tingvalla IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tingvalla_IP', 'summary': 'Tingvalla Idrottsplats , Tingvalla IP , is a stadium in Karlstad , Sweden and is the home ground of the football team Carlstad United and the American football team Carlstad Crusaders . It is also used for athletic events and other sports and gatherings . Built in 1919 , it has a capacity of 10,000 ( of which only 1,100 are seated ) . The attendance record was set on 24 August 2000 , when 10,421 spectators saw Carlstad United play S.S. Lazio . As the football club Karlstad BK ( KBK ) is about to play its matches in Division 2 ( 4th highest level ) on Tingvalla IP , the municipality decided in 2010 to make a small renovation of the facility , including a new stand for 250 persons , a new match clock and new fences .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BK Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BK_Forward', 'summary': 'Bollklubben Forward , commonly known as BK Forward , is a football team from Örebro , Sweden . They play in Division 1 Norra . The club plays in a small multipurpose stadium called Trängens IP . The club is affiliated to the Örebro Läns Fotbollförbund . The club is well known for its youth system , having created players like Jimmy Durmaz , Jiloan Hamad and Jacob Rinne . The club has also had some success playing bandy , playing in the top Swedish series in 1973/74 .'}]}, {'value': 'Örebro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Örebro', 'summary': 'Örebro ( /ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO , Swedish : [ œrɛˈbruː ] ( listen ) ) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants , the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden . It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country . It is located near the lake of Hjälmaren , although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svartån . Örebro is home to Örebro University , a major university hospital , a medieval castle , the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront .'}]}, {'value': 'Trängens IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trängens_IP', 'summary': 'Trängens IP is a football stadium in Örebro , Sweden and the home stadium for the football team BK Forward . Trängens IP has a total capacity of 4,700 spectators . When BK played a qualification match to the second-highest division in Sweden , the match took place on Behrn Aren in front of 2,643 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '4,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gefle IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gefle_IF', 'summary': "Gefle Idrottsförening , also known simply as Gefle IF , Gefle ( pronounced [ ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ ] , as if spelled Gävle ) , or locally Gif ( pronounced [ ˈɡɪfː ] ) , are a Swedish professional football club based in Gävle . The club is affiliated with Gestriklands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Gavlevallen since the 2015 season . The club colours are blue and white . Formed on 5 December 1882 as Gefle SK , the club have played fifteen seasons in Sweden 's highest football league Allsvenskan , with the first season being 1933-34 . The club is currently playing in Division 1 , the third tier of Swedish football ."}]}, {'value': 'Gävle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gävle', 'summary': "Gävle ( pronounced [ ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Sweden , the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County . It had 100 603 inhabitants in 2017 , which makes it the 13th most populated city in Sweden . It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland ( Sweden 's Northern Lands ) , having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria . However , Gävle is far nearer the greater Stockholm region than it is to the other major settlements in Norrland . In recent years , the city has received a lot of international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw - the Gävle Goat . The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalised , usually by someone setting it on fire . The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes ."}]}, {'value': 'Gavlevallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gavlevallen', 'summary': 'Gavlevallen is an association football stadium in Gävle , Sweden . The project was initiated by Allsvenskan side Gefle IF and Gävle Municipality to build a new 6,500 capacity stadium in the Sätraåsen area of Gävle , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': '6,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlslunds IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlslunds_IF_HFK', 'summary': 'Karlslunds IF HFK is a Swedish football club located in Örebro .'}]}, {'value': 'Örebro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlslund Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlstad BK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlstad_BK', 'summary': 'Karlstad BK is a Swedish football club located in Karlstad in Värmland County .'}]}, {'value': 'Karlstad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tingvalla IP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Linköping City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Linköping_City', 'summary': 'FC Linköping City is a football club based in Linköping , Sweden , affiliated with the Östergötlands Fotbollförbund . They currently play in Swedish Football Division 1 after winning Swedish Football Division 3 with 22 points ahead of second placed team their first season in 2013 , and finishing in ninth place in 2014 Swedish Football Division 2 . The club was founded around New Years Day of 2013 , replacing FK Linköping in the Swedish football league system for the 2013 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Linköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linköping', 'summary': "Linköping ( Swedish : [ ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in southern Sweden , with 161,499 inhabitants as of 2019 . It is the 5th largest city in Sweden . It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County . Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping ( Church of Sweden ) and is well known for its cathedral . Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987 . Dominating the city 's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral , Domkyrka . Nowadays , Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry . Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025 . Located on the Östergötland Plain , Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping , roughly 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) to the east , near the sea ."}]}, {'value': 'Linköping Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linköping_Arena', 'summary': "The Linköping Arena is an association football stadium in Linköping , Sweden . Opened in 2013 , the stadium has a capacity of 8,500 and hosted four games at the UEFA Women 's Euro 2013 tournament . Following the tournament , the stadium became home to Linköpings FC women 's association football team . The name was discussed for a while and the project name was Arena Linköping before at the inauguration it was announced as Linköping Arena ."}]}, {'value': '8,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nyköpings BIS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nyköpings_BIS', 'summary': 'Nyköpings BIS is a Swedish football club located in Nyköping . The club started out as a merger in 1966 between Nyköpings SK and Nyköpings AIK . Since their foundation Nyköpings BIS has participated mainly in the middle divisions of the Swedish football league system in particular Divisions 2 and 3 . During the period 1971 until 1980 and again in 1984 Nyköpings BIS played in Division 2 which at that time was the second tier of Swedish football . The club currently plays in the third tier , Division 1 . They play their home matches at the Rosvalla IP in Nyköping . Besides football Nyköpings BIS is also a track and field club . The club is affiliated to the Södermanlands Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Nyköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nyköping', 'summary': 'Nyköping ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈnŷːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ) is a locality and the seat of Nyköping Municipality , Södermanland County , Sweden with 32,759 inhabitants as of 2017 . The city is also the capital of Södermanland County . Including Arnö , the locality on the southern shore of the bay just a couple of kilometres from the city centre , Nyköping would have 33,762 inhabitants according to the same SCB source . Commonly , Arnö is referred to as a part of the city proper . It forms a wider conurbation with the neighbouring minor municipality and town of Oxelösund 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) south of its outskirts . Nyköping literally translates as Newmarket into English . The prefix Ny is translated as New and köping is an old Swedish word for a market place and a commonly used suffix for cities in the south central region of the country . The city is located near the open Baltic Sea coast , and is regarded as a coastal location . Nyköping is also the home of Stockholm Skavsta Airport which is located less than 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) from the city centre . Nyköping is part of the wider area of the Mälaren Valley , located around 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) from inner Stockholm . It retains an oceanic/continental climate hybrid , causing warm summers and snowy winters .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosvalla IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosvalla_IP', 'summary': 'Rosvalla IP is a football stadium in Nyköping , Sweden and the home stadium for the football team Nyköpings BIS . Rosvalla IP has a total capacity of 1,000 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rynninge IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rynninge_IK', 'summary': 'Rynninge IK is a Swedish football club located in Rynninge in Örebro .'}]}, {'value': 'Örebro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grenadjärvallen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandvikens IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandvikens_IF', 'summary': 'Sandvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sandviken . The club , formed 6 June 1918 , has played 21 seasons in the highest Swedish league , but is in the third highest Swedish league , Division 1 . Sandvikens IF are affiliated to the Gestriklands Fotbollförbund . As Sandviken is an industrial community , dominated by the steel and metal corporation Sandvik , the team has been much influenced by this . The name of the home ground , Jernvallen , would translate approximately as The Iron Ground , while the nicknames Järngänget and Stålmännen are self-explaining [ further explanation needed ] . Stålmännen has a double meaning , as it also is the plural form of Stålmannen , the Swedish name for Superman .'}]}, {'value': 'Sandviken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandviken', 'summary': "Sandviken is a locality and the seat of Sandviken Municipality in Gävleborg County , Sweden with 22,965 inhabitants in 2010 . It is situated about 25 km west of Gävle and lies approximately 190 km north of Stockholm . The rail journey to Stockholm takes about 2 hours and to Arlanda , Sweden 's main international airport , no more than 1.5 hours . Sandviken is the home town of the major high-technology Swedish engineering concern Sandvik and the main office of the company was located in Sandviken until January 2012 when it was moved to Stockholm . Sandviken is also home to a number of cultural activities : Kulturskolan means the culture school ( extramural music , dance and drama training ) , Sandviken Big Band , Sandviken Symphonic Orchestra and many musicians in the region . Sandvikens Art Gallery shows throughout the year various interesting exhibitions . Amongst the many popular tourist attractions in the municipality , the following merit special mention : the attractive old , carefully restored industrial villages in Gysinge and Högbo Bruk with their forges and smithies , handicraft , manor houses and possibilities they offer for outdoor recreation . During the winter months the downhill skiing facilities and the Snowpark at Kungsberget attract many visitors ."}]}, {'value': 'Jernvallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jernvallen', 'summary': 'Jernvallen is a multi-use stadium in Sandviken , Sweden . In the 1958 FIFA World Cup there were two matches played at Jernvallen . It has the distinction of being the northernmost stadium to host a World Cup match . It is currently used mostly for football matches . Although the record for the stadium is 20,000 people in 1958 , today the stadium holds 7,000 people . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '7,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sollentuna FK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sollentuna_FK', 'summary': 'Sollentuna FK is a Swedish football club located in Sollentuna , a municipality in Stockholm .'}]}, {'value': 'Sollentuna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sollentuna_Municipality', 'summary': 'Sollentuna Municipality ( Sollentuna kommun [ ˈsɔ̂lːɛnˌtʉːna kʊˈmʉːn ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden , north of Stockholm . Its seat of local government is located in Tureberg , which is a part of the Stockholm urban area . Sollentuna borders the municipalities of Solna , Sundbyberg , Stockholm , Järfälla , Upplands Väsby , Täby and Danderyd in clockwise order starting to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Sollentunavallen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IF Sylvia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IF_Sylvia', 'summary': 'IF Sylvia is a Swedish football club based in Norrköping . The club , formed on 19 May 1922 , is currently playing in the third tier of Swedish football , Division 1 . The club is affiliated to the Östergötlands Fotbollförbund . In the early years , the club was also playing bandy and other sports . In March 2013 , IF Sylvia and IFK Norrköping started a cooperation where Sylvia will act as a nursery for youth player from IFK . Sylvia will also be able to loan players from IFK at short notice .'}]}, {'value': 'Norrköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norrköping', 'summary': "Norrköping ( /ˈnɔːrtʃɜːpɪŋ/ ; Swedish : [ ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality , Östergötland County , about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm . The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016 , out of a municipal total of 130,050 , making it Sweden 's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality . The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström , at Bråviken , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city , known for its textile industry . It has several nicknames such as : Sweden 's Manchester , Peking and Surbullestan ( Surbulle [ sour bun ] was a local nickname for the textile workers , and stan is short for Staden , which means The City or The Town in Swedish ) . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Östgötaporten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nya_Parken', 'summary': 'Nya Parken , formerly known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , also known as Östgötaporten for sponsorship reasons , is a multi-purpose stadium in Norrköping , Sweden . It opened in 1903 and is currently used mostly for football matches . It is the home arena for IFK Norrköping , IK Sleipner and for IF Sylvia . The stadium had a capacity of 19,414 people until 2008-09 when the arena was re-built . During the 1958 FIFA World Cup , it hosted some group stage matches . During the Euro 1992 , it hosted CIS - Germany ( 1-1 ) , Scotland - Germany ( 0-2 ) and Scotland - CIS ( 3-0 ) , all in Group B . In 2008-2009 the arena was rebuilt . The arena now uses Artificial grass and the capacity has decreased from 19,414 to 17,234 spectators . The new arena hosts 16 VIP booths , VIP seating for 515 spectators , three bars , two restaurants and small indoor training arena called Teknikhallen . IFK Norrköping took over the ownership of the arena in 2010 from the city council of Norrköping in a 308.5 million SEK purchase . From its opening in 1904 until its renovation in 2009 , the arena had been known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , but after the renovation the name was changed to Nya Parken . In 2016 , the arena changed name for the third time in its history .'}]}, {'value': '17,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team TG FF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Team_ThorenGruppen_Fotboll', 'summary': 'Team TG FF , also known as Team ThorenGruppen , is a Swedish football club located in Umeå . The club was founded in 2014 . In 2015 the club took over Tegs SK FF , a secession of the senior team in Tegs SK .'}]}, {'value': 'Umeå', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå', 'summary': 'Umeå ( UK : /ˈuːməɔː/ OO-mə-aw , US : /ˈuːmeɪoʊ/ OO-may-oh , Swedish : [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛɔ ] ( listen ) , locally [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛ ] ( listen ) ; South Westrobothnian : [ ²ʉːm ] note ; Finnish : Uumaja ; Ume Sami : Ubmeje ; Southern Sami : Upmeje ; Northern Sami : Ubmi ) is a city in northeast Sweden . It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County . Situated on the Ume River , Umeå is the largest locality in Norrland and the thirteenth largest in Sweden , with 84,761 inhabitants in 2016 . The municipality had 123,382 inhabitants as of 2017 . When Umeå University was established in 1965 , growth sped up , and the amount of housing has doubled in the last 30 years . [ citation needed ] As of 2011 [ update ] , 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year . Umeå is a university town and centre of education , technical and medical research in northern Sweden , with two universities and over enrolled 39,000 students . [ citation needed ] Umeå was the European Capital of Culture during 2014 , along with Riga in Latvia .'}]}, {'value': 'Umeå Energi Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå_Energi_Arena', 'summary': 'Umeå Energi Arena , formerly known as T3 Arena and Gammliavallen , is a multi-purpose stadium in Umeå , Sweden . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Umeå IK , Umeå FC and Team TG FF . The stadium holds 10,000 people . The name was changed to T3 Arena in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umeå FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå_FC', 'summary': 'Umeå FC is a Swedish professional football club located in Umeå , Sweden . The club , formed in 1987 , is currently playing in the third tier of the Swedish league , Swedish Football Division 1 . The club is affiliated to the Västerbottens Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Umeå', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umeå Energi Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vasalunds IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vasalunds_IF', 'summary': 'Vasalunds IF is a Swedish football club based in Solna , Stockholm . The club is affiliated with Stockholms Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Solna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Solna_Municipality', 'summary': "Solna Municipality ( Swedish : Solna kommun or Solna stad , IPA : [ ˈsôːlna ] ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden , located just north of the Stockholm City Centre . Its seat is located in the town of Solna , which is a part of the Stockholm urban area . The municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm . None of the area is considered rural , which is unusual for Swedish municipalities , which normally are of mixed rural/urban character . Solna is the third smallest municipality in Sweden in terms of area . Solna borders Stockholm Municipality to the south , southeast and northwest ; to Sundbyberg Municipality to the west ; to Sollentuna Municipality to the north ; and finally to Danderyd Municipality to the northeast . The boundary with Danderyd Municipality is delineated by the Stocksundet sea strait . There are two parishes in Solna Municipality : Råsunda ( population 29,677 ) and Solna ( population 28,317 ) . Solna is divided into eight traditional parts with no administrative functions : Bergshamra , Haga , Hagalund , Huvudsta , Järva , Råsunda , Skytteholm and Ulriksdal . The largest districts are Råsunda , Hagalund and Huvudsta , with the Solna Centrum in between them . With few exceptions , Solna 's built-up areas have a suburban character , but there are also several large parks and Friends Arena , Sweden 's new national football stadium adjacent to the Solna station of Stockholm commuter rail . The final matches of both the 1958 FIFA ( men 's ) World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Women 's World Cup were played at Råsunda Stadium , the national football stadium from 1937 to 2012 ( demolished in 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Skytteholms IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skytteholms_IP', 'summary': 'Skytteholms IP is a football stadium in Solna , Stockholm , Sweden and the home stadium for the football team Vasalunds IF . Skytteholms IP was opened in 1967 , renovated in 1990 and 2003 and has a total capacity of 4,000 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '4,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current clubs ( 2019 season ) -- Stadia and locations', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Swedish_Football_Division_1_0', 'intro': 'Division 1, branded as Ettan (English: the one), which also is its common name in everyday speech, is the third level in the Swedish football league system and consists of 32 Swedish football teams. Division 1 was the second tier from 1987 to 1999, but was replaced by Superettan in 2000. It was reestablished for the 2006 season as the third tier below Superettan.'}
| null | null |
What county is home to Sandvikens IF ?
|
Gävleborg County
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02d368a652fe811e
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Windows_Phone_7_devices', 'title': 'List of Windows Phone 7 devices', 'header': ['Product', 'Release Date', 'Storage', 'Display', 'Keyboard'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dell Venue Pro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dell_Venue_Pro', 'summary': 'The Dell Venue Pro , codename Lightning , was a smartphone running the Windows Phone operating system . The phone used the T-Mobile network , but was only available for purchase at Microsoft retail stores or directly from Dell . The launch of the phone suffered multiple setbacks , due to many technical and logistics issues , with poor communication between Dell and its customers . In March 2012 , Dell stopped production of Venue Pro smartphones .'}]}, {'value': 'November 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.1 AMOLED', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Active-matrix_OLED', 'summary': 'AMOLED ( active-matrix organic light-emitting diode , /ˈæmoʊˌlɛd/ ) is a display device technology used in smartwatches , mobile devices , laptops , and televisions . OLED ( organic light-emitting diode ) describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material , and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels . Since 2008 , AMOLED technology has been used in mobile phones , media players and digital cameras , and it has continued to make progress toward low-power , low-cost , high resolution and large size ( for example , 88-inch and 8K resolution ) applications . [ neutrality is disputed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HTC 7 Pro ( Arrive )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HTC_7_Pro', 'summary': 'The HTC 7 Pro ( also known as the HTC Arrive ) is a business class smartphone , part of the HTC 7 series of Internet-enabled , Windows Phone smartphones designed and marketed by HTC Corporation . It is the successor of the HTC Touch Pro2 with a left-side slide-out QWERTY keyboard , with tilting screen . The CDMA variation of the HTC 7 Pro , known on Sprint Nextel as the HTC Arrive , became available on the Sprint Nextel CDMA network on 20 March 2011 . It is also available on US Cellular and Alltel Wireless under its original name of the HTC 7 Pro . The phone initially comes with the 7.0.7389.0 firmware version , which includes NoDo update ( March Update ) that has features and fixes , which include improvements to functions like copy & paste , faster apps and games , better Marketplace search , Wi-Fi , Outlook , Facebook integration , camera , audio , and other performance improvements .'}]}, {'value': 'January 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.6 TN LCD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HTC 7 Surround', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HTC_7_Surround', 'summary': 'The HTC 7 Surround ( also known as the HTC Surround and HTC T8788 ) is a smartphone created by HTC running on the Windows Phone 7 operating system . The HTC Surround launched on November 8 , 2010 on AT & T .'}]}, {'value': 'November 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.8 TN LCD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HTC 7 Trophy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HTC_7_Trophy', 'summary': 'The HTC Trophy ( Referred to as the 7 Trophy in all countries except the US ) is one of several Windows Phone handsets produced by HTC Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.8 Super LCD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S-LCD', 'summary': "S-LCD Corporation ( Hangul : 에스 엘시디 , Japanese : エス・エルシーディー ) is a South Korean manufacturer of amorphous TFT LCD panels , owned by Samsung Electronics . The company was established in April 2004 in Chungcheongnam-do , South Korea as a joint venture between Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd ( 51% share ) and Sony Corporation ( 49% share ) . S-LCD , as of April 25 , 2008 , operated with a monthly production capacity of 100,000 seventh-generation amorphous silicon ( a-Si ) panels and 50,000 eighth-generation panels based on PVA technology , which are integrated into both Samsung Electronics and Sony LCD televisions . S-LCD originally had production facilities in both Japan and South Korea . Due to rising costs and an increasing demand from the Latin American market , S-LCD opened production facilities in Baja California , Mexico , where both Samsung and Bravia have large LCD production facilities . [ citation needed ] On December 26 , 2011 , Samsung Electronics announced that it will acquire all of Sony 's shares . On January 19 , 2012 , Sony sold to Samsung all of its shares of S-LCD for 1.07 trillion Korean won ( 72 billion Japanese yen ) in cash . SLCD , S-LCD or Super LCD is also generally used term for an evolution of TN based TFT-LCD technology ( e.g . iPhone 3GS uses S-LCD from LG Display )"}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HTC 7 Mozart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HTC_7_Mozart', 'summary': 'The HTC 7 Mozart ( also known as the HTC Mozart ) , is a mobile smartphone running the Windows Phone operating system . The phone was designed and manufactured by HTC . The HTC 7 Mozart is one of three Windows Phone handsets available from HTC in the UK at launch , and has a focus on high-fidelity audio with Dolby Mobile and SRS surround sound built in . It is also the only Windows Phone product from HTC with a Qualcomm S2 Generation chipset . All others use the S1 generation ( As of August 20 , 2011 ) . Available exclusively on Orange from 21 October 2010 to 2011 , the HTC 7 Mozart is very similar in size and styling to many other HTC handsets , save that it boasts the three standard buttons below the screen specified by Microsoft across all Windows Phone devices .'}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.7 Super LCD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S-LCD', 'summary': "S-LCD Corporation ( Hangul : 에스 엘시디 , Japanese : エス・エルシーディー ) is a South Korean manufacturer of amorphous TFT LCD panels , owned by Samsung Electronics . The company was established in April 2004 in Chungcheongnam-do , South Korea as a joint venture between Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd ( 51% share ) and Sony Corporation ( 49% share ) . S-LCD , as of April 25 , 2008 , operated with a monthly production capacity of 100,000 seventh-generation amorphous silicon ( a-Si ) panels and 50,000 eighth-generation panels based on PVA technology , which are integrated into both Samsung Electronics and Sony LCD televisions . S-LCD originally had production facilities in both Japan and South Korea . Due to rising costs and an increasing demand from the Latin American market , S-LCD opened production facilities in Baja California , Mexico , where both Samsung and Bravia have large LCD production facilities . [ citation needed ] On December 26 , 2011 , Samsung Electronics announced that it will acquire all of Sony 's shares . On January 19 , 2012 , Sony sold to Samsung all of its shares of S-LCD for 1.07 trillion Korean won ( 72 billion Japanese yen ) in cash . SLCD , S-LCD or Super LCD is also generally used term for an evolution of TN based TFT-LCD technology ( e.g . iPhone 3GS uses S-LCD from LG Display )"}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HTC HD7 ( HD7S )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HTC_HD7', 'summary': 'The HTC HD7 ( also known as the HTC Schubert , HTC HD3 ) , is a smartphone running the Windows Phone OS operating system . The phone was designed and manufactured by HTC . It is the successor to the HTC HD2 , and it has a special variant which is the HTC HD7S .'}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.3 LCD ( HD7S Super LCD )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S-LCD', 'summary': "S-LCD Corporation ( Hangul : 에스 엘시디 , Japanese : エス・エルシーディー ) is a South Korean manufacturer of amorphous TFT LCD panels , owned by Samsung Electronics . The company was established in April 2004 in Chungcheongnam-do , South Korea as a joint venture between Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd ( 51% share ) and Sony Corporation ( 49% share ) . S-LCD , as of April 25 , 2008 , operated with a monthly production capacity of 100,000 seventh-generation amorphous silicon ( a-Si ) panels and 50,000 eighth-generation panels based on PVA technology , which are integrated into both Samsung Electronics and Sony LCD televisions . S-LCD originally had production facilities in both Japan and South Korea . Due to rising costs and an increasing demand from the Latin American market , S-LCD opened production facilities in Baja California , Mexico , where both Samsung and Bravia have large LCD production facilities . [ citation needed ] On December 26 , 2011 , Samsung Electronics announced that it will acquire all of Sony 's shares . On January 19 , 2012 , Sony sold to Samsung all of its shares of S-LCD for 1.07 trillion Korean won ( 72 billion Japanese yen ) in cash . SLCD , S-LCD or Super LCD is also generally used term for an evolution of TN based TFT-LCD technology ( e.g . iPhone 3GS uses S-LCD from LG Display )"}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LG Optimus 7 ( Jil Sander Mobile )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LG_Optimus_7', 'summary': "The LG Optimus 7 ( also known as the LG-E900 ) is a slate smartphone which runs Microsoft 's Windows Phone operating system . The Optimus 7 is part of the first generation Windows Phone lineup launched October 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.8 TN LCD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LG Quantum ( Optimus 7Q )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LG_Quantum', 'summary': "The LG Quantum or Optimus 7Q ( also known as the C900 ) is a slider smartphone which runs Microsoft 's Windows Phone operating system . The LG Quantum was launched November 8 , 2010 on AT & T . The C900 ran the Windows Phone 7.0 operating system out-of-the-box and was later updated to Windows Phone 7.5 . The C900 also supports the Windows Phone 7.8 update which launched which offers the new Windows Phone 8.0 style tiles and other improvements . It is possible to upgrade it using an alternate method ."}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.5 TN LCD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samsung Focus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samsung_Focus', 'summary': "The Samsung Focus ( also known as the SGH-i917 and Samsung Cetus ) is a slate smartphone which runs Microsoft 's Windows Phone operating system . It features a 1 GHz Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ processor , a 4.0-inch Super AMOLED screen , and 8GB of internal storage ( expandable to 40GB with a 32GB microSD card ) . As of November 2011 , it is the 4th lightest and thinnest Windows Phone , behind the Samsung Focus Flash , HTC Titan and the Samsung Focus S , a more high-end version of the original Focus ."}]}, {'value': 'November 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB , microSD', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.0 Super AMOLED', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_AMOLED', 'summary': 'AMOLED ( active-matrix organic light-emitting diode , /ˈæmoʊˌlɛd/ ) is a display device technology used in smartwatches , mobile devices , laptops , and televisions . OLED ( organic light-emitting diode ) describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material , and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels . Since 2008 , AMOLED technology has been used in mobile phones , media players and digital cameras , and it has continued to make progress toward low-power , low-cost , high resolution and large size ( for example , 88-inch and 8K resolution ) applications . [ neutrality is disputed ]'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samsung Omnia 7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samsung_Omnia_7', 'summary': "The Samsung Omnia 7 ( also known as the SGH-i8700 ) is a smartphone which runs Microsoft 's Windows Phone operating system . It features a Qualcomm Snapdragon QSD8250 SoC clocked at 1 GHz , a 4.0-inch Super AMOLED screen with a resolution of 480×800 , and either 8 GB or 16 GB capacity of internal storage . The phone does not contain a microSD slot for extra storage . It was available in Europe and South Africa , whereas the Samsung Focus was sold in the United States . The Samsung Omnia 7 supports Windows Phone 7.8 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 or 16 GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.0 Super AMOLED', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_AMOLED', 'summary': 'AMOLED ( active-matrix organic light-emitting diode , /ˈæmoʊˌlɛd/ ) is a display device technology used in smartwatches , mobile devices , laptops , and televisions . OLED ( organic light-emitting diode ) describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material , and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels . Since 2008 , AMOLED technology has been used in mobile phones , media players and digital cameras , and it has continued to make progress toward low-power , low-cost , high resolution and large size ( for example , 88-inch and 8K resolution ) applications . [ neutrality is disputed ]'}]}, {'value': 'No', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Released -- Windows Phone 7.0', 'section_text': 'First generation devices come with Windows Phone 7 preinstalled and can be updated to Windows Phone 7.5 and 7.8 OS . All devices in this list feature a 1 GHz Scorpion single-core processor , 512 MB of RAM , a 480 x 800 WVGA resolution screen , a back camera of 5 megapixels and a built-in digital compass . The chipset used is the Snapdragon S1 QSD8250 on non-LG devices and the Snapdragon S1 QSD8650 on LG devices . There are two exceptions , however ; the Dell Venue Pro does not feature a compass , while the HTC 7 Mozart includes an 8 MP back camera instead of 5 MP .', 'uid': 'List_of_Windows_Phone_7_devices_0', 'intro': "This page seeks to list and compare hardware devices that are shipped with Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 operating system. HTC Corporation, Samsung, LG, Dell, Fujitsu, Nokia, Acer, Alcatel and ZTE have all released Windows Phone-based devices. Throughout its lifespan, Windows Phone 7 was shipped on 28 unique devices. This list contains devices that have been confirmed and officially announced by their manufacturers."}
| null | null |
When did the display used on the phone that was released in November with a keyboard become used in mobile phones ?
|
2008
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02d375af8b182ff9
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhavi_(actress)', 'title': 'Madhavi (actress)', 'header': ['Year', 'Film', 'Cast', 'Direction'], 'data': [{'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uyirullavarai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maro_Charitra', 'summary': 'Maro Charitra ( transl . Another History ) is a 1978 Telugu-language Indian romantic tragedy film written and directed by K. Balachander . It stars Kamal Haasan and Saritha in the lead with Madhavi appearing in prominent roles . The film deals with cross-cultural romance between a Tamil boy and a Telugu girl . Upon release , it was commercially successful and remains a cult classic . Owing to its success in Andhra Pradesh , the film was released in the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka without being dubbed into the respective languages . This film dubbed in Malayalam as Thirakal Ezhuthiya Kavitha . This movie ran 700 days . Balachander won a Best Director at the Southern Filmfare Awards in 1979 . Later in 1981 , Balachander remade the film in Hindi as Ek Duuje Ke Liye with Kamal Haasan reprising his role . Saritha , the female lead , was , however , replaced by Punjabi actress Rati Agnihotri . The Hindi remake became a success as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Hassan , Sarath Babu , Saritha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Hassan', 'summary': 'Prof . Emeritus Tan Sri Dr. Mohd . Kamal bin Hassan ( born 27 October 1942 in Pasir Mas , Kelantan ) is a Muslim academic and Islamic scholar , specializing in contemporary Islamic thought , particularly pertaining to the Southeast Asia region . He was the Rector of the International Islamic University Malaysia ( IIUM ) from 1998 to 2006 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarath_Babu', 'summary': 'Sathyam Babu Dixithulu , known by his stage name Sarath Babu , is an Indian film actor , known for his works in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . He has acted in more than 200 films , most of them in a supporting role . He has acted in more than 100 films in Tamil and 80 in Telugu , 20 in Kannada and a few in Malayalam and Hindi . He entered the film industry in 1973 through a Telugu film and later became popular through the Tamil film Nizhal Nijamagiradhu directed by K. Balachander . He has received eight state Nandi Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saritha', 'summary': 'Saritha is a South Indian actress who has acted in more than 250 films in Tamil , Malayalam , Kannada and Telugu languages . She was one of the popular and critically acclaimed lead actresses during the 1980s . She also appeared in a television serial , Selvi . She is also credited as a dubbing artist . She has dubbed her voice for Tamil and Telugu movies for actresses like Nagma , Vijayashanti , Tabu , Sushmita Sen , Ramya Krishnan and Soundarya in 1990s . She has dubbed in Kannada and Malayalam movies , too . She is a recipient of several state awards from Tamil , Telugu and Kannada , six Filmfare Awards and six Nandi Awards including a Special Jury Award for the film kannan Saritha received Tamil Nadu State Film Awards four times , Karnataka State Film Awards once and many Film fans association awards .'}]}, {'value': 'K. Balachander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Balachander', 'summary': "Kailasam Balachander ( 9 July 1930 - 23 December 2014 ) was an Indian filmmaker and playwright who worked mainly in the Tamil film industry . He was well known for his distinct film-making style , and the Indian film industry knew him as a master of unconventional themes and hard-hitting contemporary subject matter . Balachander 's films are well known for their portrayal of women as bold personalities and central characters . Popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Sigaram ( lit . the director who scaled the peak ) , his films are usually centred on unusual or complicated interpersonal relationships and social themes . He started his film career in 1964 as a screenwriter and graduated to a director with Neerkumizhi ( 1965 ) . In a career that spanned 50 years , he had contributed to nearly 100 feature films either as a screenwriter or director , thus becoming one of the most prolific filmmakers in the country . Known among his colleagues as a tough task master , he was credited with having nurtured numerous actors , notably Nagesh , Sujatha , Kamal Haasan , Rajinikanth , Chiranjeevi , Jayaprada , Sridevi , Jayasudha , Saritha , Renuka , Nassar , Prakash Raj , Ramesh Aravind and Vivek . In his film career , Balachander had won nine National Film Awards and 13 Filmfare Awards . He was honored with the Padma Shri ( 1987 ) , India 's fourth highest civilian award , and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , India 's highest award in cinema . He also made films under his production house , Kavithalaya Productions . Apart from Tamil , he made films in other languages such as Telugu , Kannada and Hindi ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pudhiya Thoranangal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarath Babu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarath_Babu', 'summary': 'Sathyam Babu Dixithulu , known by his stage name Sarath Babu , is an Indian film actor , known for his works in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . He has acted in more than 200 films , most of them in a supporting role . He has acted in more than 100 films in Tamil and 80 in Telugu , 20 in Kannada and a few in Malayalam and Hindi . He entered the film industry in 1973 through a Telugu film and later became popular through the Tamil film Nizhal Nijamagiradhu directed by K. Balachander . He has received eight state Nandi Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'M. Karnan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veera Penn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaishankar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaishankar', 'summary': 'Jaishankar ( 12 July 1938 - 3 June 2000 ) was an Indian actor known for his work in Tamil cinema . He was credited onscreen with title of Makkal Kalingnar Jaishankar or Makkal Tamilan in most of the films starring him and is sometimes referred to as the Thennagathu James Bond ( South Indian James Bond ) because of his roles in films such as Vallavan Oruvan and CID Shankar .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enga Ooru Kannagi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enga_Ooru_Kannagi', 'summary': 'Tholi Kodi Koosindi is a 1981 Telugu film directed by K. Balachander and starring Saritha , Seema , Madhavi , and Sarath Babu in the lead roles with Jeeva as the villain . This movie is the debut movie for actor Jeeva as a Villain and his debut movie in Tamil cinema . The film was simultaneously made in Tamil as Enga Ooru Kannagi ( English : Kannagi , from our village ) starring Major Sundarrajan . The film won the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film from Government of Andhra Pradesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeeva , Major Sundarrajan , Sreekanth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_Sundarrajan', 'summary': 'Sundarrajan ( 17 March 1925 - 28 February 2003 ) , popularly known as Major Sundararajan , was an Indian actor who performed in Tamil language films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sreekanth', 'summary': 'Sreekanth is a veteran Indian actor who has performed in around 200 Tamil films since his debut in 1965 . He is considered among the versatile actors of Tamil Cinema.He is also referred as Venniradai Sreekanth . He has played the lead hero in around 50 films between 1965 and 1979 and has also played supporting roles in films with actors Sivaji Ganesan , Muthuraman , Ravichandran and Jaishankar in the lead roles . In the late seventies to early nineties , he appeared as a villain opposite actors including Sivakumar , Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan . He has also acted in Television series like Mangai opposite K. R. Vijaya and others since 1996 . He was paired in many dramas opposite Sowcar Janaki in the 1960s and 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'K. Balachander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kailasam_Balachander', 'summary': "Kailasam Balachander ( 9 July 1930 - 23 December 2014 ) was an Indian filmmaker and playwright who worked mainly in the Tamil film industry . He was well known for his distinct film-making style , and the Indian film industry knew him as a master of unconventional themes and hard-hitting contemporary subject matter . Balachander 's films are well known for their portrayal of women as bold personalities and central characters . Popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Sigaram ( lit . the director who scaled the peak ) , his films are usually centred on unusual or complicated interpersonal relationships and social themes . He started his film career in 1964 as a screenwriter and graduated to a director with Neerkumizhi ( 1965 ) . In a career that spanned 50 years , he had contributed to nearly 100 feature films either as a screenwriter or director , thus becoming one of the most prolific filmmakers in the country . Known among his colleagues as a tough task master , he was credited with having nurtured numerous actors , notably Nagesh , Sujatha , Kamal Haasan , Rajinikanth , Chiranjeevi , Jayaprada , Sridevi , Jayasudha , Saritha , Renuka , Nassar , Prakash Raj , Ramesh Aravind and Vivek . In his film career , Balachander had won nine National Film Awards and 13 Filmfare Awards . He was honored with the Padma Shri ( 1987 ) , India 's fourth highest civilian award , and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , India 's highest award in cinema . He also made films under his production house , Kavithalaya Productions . Apart from Tamil , he made films in other languages such as Telugu , Kannada and Hindi ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amara Kaaviyam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amara_Kaaviyam_(1981_film)', 'summary': 'Amara Kaaviyam ( lit . Immortal Masterpiece ) is a 1981 Tamil-language Indian feature film directed by Amirtham and produced by Vishwanatham Combines . It stars Sivaji Ganesan , Sripriya and Madhavi in the lead roles . The film was a remake of the Hindi film Muqaddar Ka Sikandar .'}]}, {'value': 'Sivaji Ganesan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sivaji_Ganesan', 'summary': 'Villupuram Chinnaiya Manrayar Ganesamoorthy , [ a ] better known by his stage name Sivaji Ganesan , ( 1 October 1928 - 21 July 2001 ) was an Indian actor , and producer . He was active in Tamil cinema during the latter half of the 20th century . He was known for his versatility and variety of roles depicted on screen , which gave him also the Tamil nickname Nadigar Thilagam ( transl . the pride of actors ) . In a career that spanned close to five decades , he had acted 288 films in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ganesan was the first Indian film actor to win a Best Actor award in an International film festival , the Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Cairo , Egypt in 1960 . Many leading South Indian film actors have stated that their acting was influenced by Ganesan . He received the President Award for Best Tamil Actor on twelve occasions . In addition , he received four Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award ( Special Jury ) . In 1997 , Ganesan was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , the highest honour for films in India . He was also the first Indian actor to be made a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres . Ganesan is remembered as an iconic figure of Tamil cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'Amirthan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thillu Mullu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thillu_Mullu', 'summary': "Thillu Mullu ( transl . Hodgepodge ) is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by K. Balachander and written by Visu . A remake of the 1979 Hindi film Gol Maal , it stars Rajinikanth , Thengai Srinivasan , Nagesh , Poornam Vishwanathan , Sowcar Janaki , Madhavi and Viji Chandrasekhar . The film is about Chandran , who lies to his boss that his mother is ill to get a leave but gets caught . To save his job , he is forced to pretend to his boss that he has a twin brother . Thillu Mullu was released on 1 May 1981 . Critics particularly praised Rajinikanth 's performance , as he was known for doing mainly action films up until that point in his career . A remake of the same name was released in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rajinikanth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajinikanth', 'summary': "Shivaji Rao Gaekwad ( born 12 December 1950 ) , known professionally as Rajinikanth , is an Indian film actor who works primarily in Tamil cinema . In addition to acting , he has also worked as a producer and screenwriter . Hailed as Superstar or Thalaivaa ( leader ) , Rajinikanth is widely regarded as the most popular actor in South India and is the highest-grossing actor in Tamil cinema history . As of 2019 , Rajinikanth has won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards - four Best Actor Awards and two Special Awards for Best Actor - and a Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award . The Government of India has honored him with the Padma Bhushan ( 2000 ) and the Padma Vibhushan ( 2016 ) . He received the Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema at the 4th Vijay Awards . At the 45th International Film Festival of India ( 2014 ) , he was conferred with the Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the Year . At the 50th edition , he will be honored with the Icon of Global Jubilee award . Rajinikanth began acting in plays while working in the Bangalore Transport Service as a bus conductor . In 1973 , he joined the Madras Film Institute to pursue a diploma in acting . Following his debut in K. Balachander 's 1975 Tamil drama Apoorva Raagangal , his acting career commenced with a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films . He had his first major role in Balachander 's Telugu drama film Anthuleni Katha ( 1976 ) , and got his breakthrough in Tamil with Moondru Mudichu ( 1976 ) - also directed by Balachander ."}]}, {'value': 'K. Balachander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kailasam_Balachander', 'summary': "Kailasam Balachander ( 9 July 1930 - 23 December 2014 ) was an Indian filmmaker and playwright who worked mainly in the Tamil film industry . He was well known for his distinct film-making style , and the Indian film industry knew him as a master of unconventional themes and hard-hitting contemporary subject matter . Balachander 's films are well known for their portrayal of women as bold personalities and central characters . Popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Sigaram ( lit . the director who scaled the peak ) , his films are usually centred on unusual or complicated interpersonal relationships and social themes . He started his film career in 1964 as a screenwriter and graduated to a director with Neerkumizhi ( 1965 ) . In a career that spanned 50 years , he had contributed to nearly 100 feature films either as a screenwriter or director , thus becoming one of the most prolific filmmakers in the country . Known among his colleagues as a tough task master , he was credited with having nurtured numerous actors , notably Nagesh , Sujatha , Kamal Haasan , Rajinikanth , Chiranjeevi , Jayaprada , Sridevi , Jayasudha , Saritha , Renuka , Nassar , Prakash Raj , Ramesh Aravind and Vivek . In his film career , Balachander had won nine National Film Awards and 13 Filmfare Awards . He was honored with the Padma Shri ( 1987 ) , India 's fourth highest civilian award , and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , India 's highest award in cinema . He also made films under his production house , Kavithalaya Productions . Apart from Tamil , he made films in other languages such as Telugu , Kannada and Hindi ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garjanai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garjanai', 'summary': "Garjanai ( English : Roar ) is a 1981 Tamil language film directed by C. V. Rajendran starring Rajinikanth and Madhavi in the lead roles . Music was scored by Ilaiyaraaja . The film was first made in Malayalam , with Jayan . After his death during the filming of Kolilakkam , the film was re-shot with Rajinikanth ; simultaneously in Malayalam and Tamil owing to Rajini 's huge fan base in Tamil Nadu . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Hum Nahi Jhukenge ."}]}, {'value': 'Rajinikanth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajinikanth', 'summary': "Shivaji Rao Gaekwad ( born 12 December 1950 ) , known professionally as Rajinikanth , is an Indian film actor who works primarily in Tamil cinema . In addition to acting , he has also worked as a producer and screenwriter . Hailed as Superstar or Thalaivaa ( leader ) , Rajinikanth is widely regarded as the most popular actor in South India and is the highest-grossing actor in Tamil cinema history . As of 2019 , Rajinikanth has won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards - four Best Actor Awards and two Special Awards for Best Actor - and a Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award . The Government of India has honored him with the Padma Bhushan ( 2000 ) and the Padma Vibhushan ( 2016 ) . He received the Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema at the 4th Vijay Awards . At the 45th International Film Festival of India ( 2014 ) , he was conferred with the Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the Year . At the 50th edition , he will be honored with the Icon of Global Jubilee award . Rajinikanth began acting in plays while working in the Bangalore Transport Service as a bus conductor . In 1973 , he joined the Madras Film Institute to pursue a diploma in acting . Following his debut in K. Balachander 's 1975 Tamil drama Apoorva Raagangal , his acting career commenced with a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films . He had his first major role in Balachander 's Telugu drama film Anthuleni Katha ( 1976 ) , and got his breakthrough in Tamil with Moondru Mudichu ( 1976 ) - also directed by Balachander ."}]}, {'value': 'C. V. Rajendran', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sathyam Sundaram', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sivaji Ganesan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sivaji_Ganesan', 'summary': 'Villupuram Chinnaiya Manrayar Ganesamoorthy , [ a ] better known by his stage name Sivaji Ganesan , ( 1 October 1928 - 21 July 2001 ) was an Indian actor , and producer . He was active in Tamil cinema during the latter half of the 20th century . He was known for his versatility and variety of roles depicted on screen , which gave him also the Tamil nickname Nadigar Thilagam ( transl . the pride of actors ) . In a career that spanned close to five decades , he had acted 288 films in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ganesan was the first Indian film actor to win a Best Actor award in an International film festival , the Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Cairo , Egypt in 1960 . Many leading South Indian film actors have stated that their acting was influenced by Ganesan . He received the President Award for Best Tamil Actor on twelve occasions . In addition , he received four Filmfare Awards South and a National Film Award ( Special Jury ) . In 1997 , Ganesan was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , the highest honour for films in India . He was also the first Indian actor to be made a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres . Ganesan is remembered as an iconic figure of Tamil cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'K. S Rao', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raja Paarvai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raja_Paarvai', 'summary': "Raja Paarvai ( transl . The Royal Gaze ) is a 1981 Tamil-language Indian romance film directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao . The story was written by Kamal Haasan , for whom the film was his 100th as an actor , and first as producer . The score and soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja . The film was simultaneously made and released as Amavasya Chandrudu ( transl . Moon on a new moon day ) in Telugu . Despite being a box office failure , the film received critical acclaim , and Haasan 's performance won him the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor ."}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Hassan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Hassan', 'summary': 'Prof . Emeritus Tan Sri Dr. Mohd . Kamal bin Hassan ( born 27 October 1942 in Pasir Mas , Kelantan ) is a Muslim academic and Islamic scholar , specializing in contemporary Islamic thought , particularly pertaining to the Southeast Asia region . He was the Rector of the International Islamic University Malaysia ( IIUM ) from 1998 to 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Singeetam Srinivasa Rao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singeetam_Srinivasa_Rao', 'summary': "Singeetam Srinivasa Rao ( born 21 September 1931 ) is an Indian film director , producer , screenwriter , composer , singer , lyricist and actor , known for his works in Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi films , across multiple genres . The octogenarian is widely regarded as one of the versatile directors of India . He is credited with having revolutionised the South Indian cinema with experimental films . He has garnered two National Film Awards , seven state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South , and three Karnataka State Film Awards . In 2010 , Rao headed the Jury of the Indian Panorama at the 8th Chennai International Film Festival . In 2011 , Rao received the Life Achievement Award from the Film Federation of India at the 4th Global Film Festival . Rao was also the Guest of honor alongside Barrie Osbourne at the Media and Entertainment Business Conclave 2012 hosted by FICCI and FFI . In 2012 , Rao served as one of the selection committee members for the Sundance Institute 's screenwriters lab . The 2003 animation film , Son of Aladdin had 1100 shots and 125 characters . The film won Special Mention in the Competition section at the 2003 International Childrens Film Festival Hyderabad , and was subsequently premiered at the 37th International Film Festival of India . The 2008 animation film Ghatothkach , was premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival in the Critics ' Week section , and was also premiered to special mention at the Grand Finale - Children 's Film Festival 2014 of the 44th International Film Festival of India . Rao served as the executive director for the 1970 Kannada film , Samskara which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film , and Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tik Tik Tik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tik_Tik_Tik_(1981_film)', 'summary': 'Tik ! Tik ! Tik ! is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language crime-mystery film directed by P. Bharathiraja for producer Prakash R.C , starring Kamal Haasan in the lead role supported by Madhavi , Swapna and Radha . The film was dubbed into Telugu-language under the same name and released on 7 May 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Haasan , Radha , Nisha Noor , Swapna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Haasan', 'summary': "Kamal Haasan ( born 7 November 1954 ) is an Indian film actor , dancer , film director , screenwriter , producer , playback singer , lyricist and politician who works primarily in Tamil cinema and has also worked in Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada , Hindi and Bengali films . Haasan has won awards including three National Film Awards for Best Actor and 19 Filmfare Awards and nine International Awards . His production company , Raaj Kamal Films International , has produced several of his films . He started his career as a child artist in the 1960 Tamil language film Kalathur Kannamma , for which he won the President 's Gold Medal . He met director Vaaranam Vijay who is frequently credited with shaping Haasan 's acting skills . His breakthrough as a lead actor came in the 1975 drama Apoorva Raagangal , directed by K.Balachander , in which he played a rebellious youth who falls in love with an older woman . He won his first National Film Award for his portrayal of a guileless school teacher who cares for a woman who suffers from retrograde amnesia in Moondram Pirai ( 1983 ) . He was noted for his performances in Mani Ratnam 's Nayakan ( 1987 ) and S. Shankar 's vigilante film Indian ( 1996 ) , which saw him playing dual roles of a father and a son . Since then he has appeared in films including Hey Ram ( 2000 ) , Virumaandi ( 2004 ) , Vishwaroopam ( 2013 ) which were his own productions and Dasavathaaram ( 2008 ) in which he played ten roles . Haasan was awarded the Kalaimamani award in 1984 the Padma Shri in 1990 , the Padma Bhushan in 2014 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ( Chevalier ) in 2016 . Haasan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at 15th Mumbai International Film Festival in 2013 . On February 21 , 2018 , Haasan formally launched his political party , Makkal Needhi Maiam ( lit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Radha_(actress)', 'summary': 'Udaya Chandrika , better known by her screen name Radha ( born 3 June 1965 ) , is an Indian film actress known mostly for her work in Tamil and Telugu films . She has also acted in few Malayalam , Kannada and Hindi . She was one of the top south Indian heroine for a decade from 1981 to 1991 . Her elder sister Ambika , was also an actress . Radha is arguably the most successful among the Kallara Sisters , the three sisters ( Ambika , Mallika , Radha ) in the art scene hailing from Kallara in Thiruvananthapuram District , Kerala . Ambika was also a highly successful actress in Tamil and Malayalam . Ambika and Radha acted together in a number of films , during the peak of their careers . They also co-owned a movie studio called ARS Studios , which was later ( 2013 ) converted into the Jolly Jimkana hotel complex . She currently appears on television as one of the judges in the STAR Vijay Jodi Number One Season 6 Reality Dance program . She is one of the most successful and highest paid actresses alongside her contemporaries like Vijayshanti . She is considered one of the greatest dancers in South Indian film industry alongside star actors like Chiranjeevi and Kamal Haasan . She received a Filmfare award for best actress Tamil for her exceptional performance as a low caste , fearless , compassionate boat woman who starts a platonic relationship with the middle aged village head in Muthal mariyathai .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nisha_Noor', 'summary': 'Nisha Noor was a popular South Indian actress . She was mainly active in Tamil and Malayalam films . She also acted in few Telugu and Kannada as well .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swapna_(actress)', 'summary': "Swapna Khanna is an actress of South Indian origin who acted in Telugu , Tamil , Malayalam and Bollywood films in the 1980s and early 1990s . She was named Swapna , formerly Manjari Dhody , by Anil Sharma . Swapna began her career with the Bharathi Raja-directed Kamal Haasan-starring Tik Tik Tik ( 1981 ) and thereafter acted in several Tamil , Telugu and Malayalam language movies . She also appeared occasionally in Bollywood films like Teri Meherbaaniyan , Dak Bangla , Hukumat , Izzatdar , Janam Se Pehle and others . She guest starred in the Aditya Pancholi-starrer Qatil ( 1988 ) . She quit the film industry after her marriage in 1993 and is now actively involved with her husband , Raman Khanna in an event management company called Sangini Entertainment that organises and manages Bollywood and Indian classical dance events abroad . Some of their shows include Shaam-E-Rangeen and DreamGirls Of Bollywood , which have been performed worldwide . Along with this she also runs a resort called The Brook at Khanna 's , which is located in Karjat , Mumbai ."}]}, {'value': 'Bharathiraja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharathiraja', 'summary': "Bharathiraja ( born 23 August 1942 ) is an Indian film director who works mainly in the Tamil film industry . Making his debut in 1977 with 16 Vayathinile , he is known for realistic and sensitive portrayals of rural life in his films . As of 2017 , he has won six National Film Awards , four Filmfare Awards South , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and a Nandi Award . He has also directed films in Telugu and Hindi . The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri award , India 's fourth-highest civilian honour , in 2004 for his contribution to the film industry ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ellam Inba Mayyam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellam_Inba_Mayyam', 'summary': 'Ellam Inba Mayyam ( transl . Happiness everywhere ) is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by G. N. Rangarajan . The film stars Kamal Haasan , Jaishankar , Suman , Madhavi and Surekha . The music was handled by Ilaiyaraaja . This was the movie perhaps for the first time that Kamal Haasan played seven or more different getups . The movie was a Superhit at the box office . The film was dubbed in Telugu as Chillipi Chinnodu .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Hassan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Hassan', 'summary': 'Prof . Emeritus Tan Sri Dr. Mohd . Kamal bin Hassan ( born 27 October 1942 in Pasir Mas , Kelantan ) is a Muslim academic and Islamic scholar , specializing in contemporary Islamic thought , particularly pertaining to the Southeast Asia region . He was the Rector of the International Islamic University Malaysia ( IIUM ) from 1998 to 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'G. N. Rangarajan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Panimalar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raveendran , Pratap K. Pothen , Gandhimathi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raveendran_(actor)', 'summary': "Raveendran ( Ravindher ) is an Indian actor , primarily concentrating in Malayalam and Tamil films and he was a very busy actor of both these languages in 1980 's . A multi-faceted personality , Raveendran is also a screenwriter , interior designer , anchor , a film scholar , an acting coach , social activist and director of film festivals like Kochi Metro ( Malayalam ) Short Film Fest ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pratap_K._Pothen', 'summary': 'Pratap K. Pothen , popularly known as Pratap , is an Indian actor , director , writer , and producer who has acted in about 100 films . He has acted in Malayalam , Tamil and Telugu as well as Hindi films . He directed films in Tamil , Malayalam and Telugu .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gandhimathi', 'summary': 'Ganthimathi ( 30 August 1945 - 9 September 2011 ) was a Tamil stage and film actress . She acted in over 500 films .'}]}, {'value': 'Hemachander', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neethi Devan Mayakkam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neethi_Devan_Mayakkam', 'summary': 'Neethi Devan Mayakkam ( English : Delusion of the god of law ) in Tamil , Edi Dharmam Edi Nyayam ( English : Which is justice , which is duty ? ) in Telugu is a 1982 bilingual social drama film directed by Bapu . The film stars Bhanu Chander and Madhavi in the lead roles . Kamal Haasan acted as Military Officer in a guest appearance in the Tamil version and in Telugu by Krishna . The film was a remake of the Hindi film Insaf Ka Tarazu , which in turn was a remake of the 1976 Hollywood film Lipstick .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Haasan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Haasan', 'summary': "Kamal Haasan ( born 7 November 1954 ) is an Indian film actor , dancer , film director , screenwriter , producer , playback singer , lyricist and politician who works primarily in Tamil cinema and has also worked in Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada , Hindi and Bengali films . Haasan has won awards including three National Film Awards for Best Actor and 19 Filmfare Awards and nine International Awards . His production company , Raaj Kamal Films International , has produced several of his films . He started his career as a child artist in the 1960 Tamil language film Kalathur Kannamma , for which he won the President 's Gold Medal . He met director Vaaranam Vijay who is frequently credited with shaping Haasan 's acting skills . His breakthrough as a lead actor came in the 1975 drama Apoorva Raagangal , directed by K.Balachander , in which he played a rebellious youth who falls in love with an older woman . He won his first National Film Award for his portrayal of a guileless school teacher who cares for a woman who suffers from retrograde amnesia in Moondram Pirai ( 1983 ) . He was noted for his performances in Mani Ratnam 's Nayakan ( 1987 ) and S. Shankar 's vigilante film Indian ( 1996 ) , which saw him playing dual roles of a father and a son . Since then he has appeared in films including Hey Ram ( 2000 ) , Virumaandi ( 2004 ) , Vishwaroopam ( 2013 ) which were his own productions and Dasavathaaram ( 2008 ) in which he played ten roles . Haasan was awarded the Kalaimamani award in 1984 the Padma Shri in 1990 , the Padma Bhushan in 2014 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ( Chevalier ) in 2016 . Haasan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at 15th Mumbai International Film Festival in 2013 . On February 21 , 2018 , Haasan formally launched his political party , Makkal Needhi Maiam ( lit ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garuda Rekhai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garuda_Rekhe', 'summary': 'Garuda Rekhe ( Kannada : ಗರುಡ ರೇಖೆ ) is a 1982 Indian Kannada film , directed by P. S. Prakash and produced by G. S. Vasu , P. Sheshaiah , B. Manmatha Rao , M. Shivaji Rao , N. M. Victor and P. Venkata Reddy . The film stars Srinath , Ambika , Madhavi , Hema Chowdhary and Vajramuni in the lead roles . The film has musical score by Sathyam .'}]}, {'value': 'Srinath , Ambika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Srinath', 'summary': 'Narayana Swamy ( Kannada : ನಾರಾಯಣ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ; born 28 December 1943 ) , known by his stage name Srinath , is an Indian actor film producer who works predominantly in Kannada cinema . He also holds the position of vice-president of Kannada language television channel Udaya TV . He is also popularly known for his presenting in the Game Show , Adarsha Dampatigalu ( Kannada : ಆದರ್ಶ ದಂಪತಿಗಳು ) , meant for married couples competing on which pair is the ideal . Srinath is generally called with the nickname Pranaya Raja ( means , King of Romance ) because of his success in various movies involving love stories . In 2003 , he was conferred the Kalaratna Award by the Government of Karnataka .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ambika_(actress)', 'summary': 'Ambika is an Indian film and television actress known for her works predominantly in Tamil , Malayalam , Kannada films and serials . She also did a few Telugu and English films . She was one of the top south Indian heroines for a decade from 1978 to 1989 . Her younger sister Radha was also an actress . They acted together in a number of south Indian films and during the peak of their careers .'}]}, {'value': 'P S Prakash', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kavithai Malar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S.Devarajan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devaraj–Mohan', 'summary': 'Devaraj-Mohan was a directing duo of the Indian film industry , mainly of Tamil-language films . They were known for quality films made on a low budget , thus giving a very reasonable profit for almost every film . Actor Sivakumar played the lead in most of their films . After 1980 , the duo split and S. Devarajan directed some films . Mohan died on January 2012 due to a head injury .'}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sattam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sattam', 'summary': 'Sattam ( transl . The Law ) is a 1983 Tamil-language Indian film directed by K. Vijayan and produced by Anandavalli Balaji , starring Kamal Haasan and Sarath Babu in lead roles while Madhavi played the heroine . It is a remake of the Hindi film Dostana ( 1980 ) . The film was dubbed in Malayalam as Snehabandham .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamal Haasan , Sarath Babu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Haasan', 'summary': "Kamal Haasan ( born 7 November 1954 ) is an Indian film actor , dancer , film director , screenwriter , producer , playback singer , lyricist and politician who works primarily in Tamil cinema and has also worked in Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada , Hindi and Bengali films . Haasan has won awards including three National Film Awards for Best Actor and 19 Filmfare Awards and nine International Awards . His production company , Raaj Kamal Films International , has produced several of his films . He started his career as a child artist in the 1960 Tamil language film Kalathur Kannamma , for which he won the President 's Gold Medal . He met director Vaaranam Vijay who is frequently credited with shaping Haasan 's acting skills . His breakthrough as a lead actor came in the 1975 drama Apoorva Raagangal , directed by K.Balachander , in which he played a rebellious youth who falls in love with an older woman . He won his first National Film Award for his portrayal of a guileless school teacher who cares for a woman who suffers from retrograde amnesia in Moondram Pirai ( 1983 ) . He was noted for his performances in Mani Ratnam 's Nayakan ( 1987 ) and S. Shankar 's vigilante film Indian ( 1996 ) , which saw him playing dual roles of a father and a son . Since then he has appeared in films including Hey Ram ( 2000 ) , Virumaandi ( 2004 ) , Vishwaroopam ( 2013 ) which were his own productions and Dasavathaaram ( 2008 ) in which he played ten roles . Haasan was awarded the Kalaimamani award in 1984 the Padma Shri in 1990 , the Padma Bhushan in 2014 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres ( Chevalier ) in 2016 . Haasan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at 15th Mumbai International Film Festival in 2013 . On February 21 , 2018 , Haasan formally launched his political party , Makkal Needhi Maiam ( lit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarath_Babu', 'summary': 'Sathyam Babu Dixithulu , known by his stage name Sarath Babu , is an Indian film actor , known for his works in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . He has acted in more than 200 films , most of them in a supporting role . He has acted in more than 100 films in Tamil and 80 in Telugu , 20 in Kannada and a few in Malayalam and Hindi . He entered the film industry in 1973 through a Telugu film and later became popular through the Tamil film Nizhal Nijamagiradhu directed by K. Balachander . He has received eight state Nandi Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'K. Vijayan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pani Puyal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Onde_Guri', 'summary': 'Onde Guri ( Kannada : ಒಂದೇ ಗುರಿ ) is a 1983 Indian Kannada film , directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by M. P. Shankar . The film stars Vishnuvardhan , M. P. Shankar , Ramakrishna and Madhavi in the lead roles . The film has musical score by Rajan-Nagendra . The film is based on the dystopian film Mad Max .'}]}, {'value': 'Vishnuvardhan , Sadhana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vishnuvardhan_(actor)', 'summary': "Dr.Vishnuvardhan ( 18 September 1950 - 30 December 2009 ) , born Sampath Kumar , was an Indian film actor known for his predominantly in Kannada cinema . He appeared in over 220 films in Kannada , Hindi , Telugu , Tamil and Malayalam . He was called 'The Phoenix of Indian Cinema ' . He made his debut in the 1972 film , Vamsha Vriksha , in a supporting role . The same year he played the lead role in Puttanna Kanagal 's Naagarahaavu , and was recognized as 'The Angry Young Man of Kannada Cinema ' . He has played a variety of roles in different genres . In 2008 , a poll conducted by CNN-IBN listed Vishnuvardhan as the most popular star in the Kannada Film Industry . A road stretching 14.5 km from Banashankari Temple to Kengeri in Bengaluru has been named after the superstar . It is the longest road in Asia to be named after a celebrity . He was a martial artist , In an interview with The Hindu , he had said that it was the era of Bruce Lee and it was only Kamal Haasan and himself who had learnt martial arts in his generation . He was also the story writer of the 1997 movie Ganesha I Love You directed by Phani Ramachandra . He was also fondly called as Sahasasimha and Abhinava Bhargava by the people of Karnataka ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shari_(actress)', 'summary': 'Shari a.k.a . Sadhana is an Indian film and Tamil television actress . She was a prominent lead actress during the 1980s and 1990s in Malayalam , Tamil , Kannada , and Telugu films .'}]}, {'value': 'Bhargava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhargava', 'summary': 'Bhargava , also spelled Bhargav , is a community in India who believe themselves to be descended from the sage Bhrigu . Its members originate from the Dhosi Hill area and were also known as Dhusars .'}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sattathukku Oru Saval', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suman_(actor)', 'summary': 'Suman ( born Suman Talwar ; 28 August 1959 ) is an Indian film actor known for his work predominantly in Telugu cinema . He was one of the most prominent stars of Telugu cinema during the 1980s . He has also played the roles of Gods like Venkateswara , Shiva , and Rama in Telugu . Suman has also starred in Tamil , Malayalam , Kannada , and Odia films . He enacted the historic character Pazhayamveedan Chandhu Nambiar in the biopic Pazhassi Raja . Suman started his career in the role of a police officer in the Tamil movie Neechal kulam ( 1979 ) produced by T. R. Ramanna . Then he appeared in Tamil film Thee ( 1981 ) where he played a sincere police officer . In a career spanning almost 4 decades , he acted in more than 150 films as a hero in Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , and English language films . He has acted as the male lead in 100 Telugu films . He returned to acting by playing the villain in the Tamil films Sivaji and Kuruvi . He was cast as the main antagonist in the Malayalam movie Sagar alias Jacky . He won Nandi Award for Best Actor for the film Bava Bavamaridi .'}]}, {'value': 'M. Karnan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/M._Karnan', 'summary': 'M. Karnan ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( c. 1933 - 13 December 2012 ) was an Indian cinematographer and director who mainly worked in Tamil cinema . Starting his career as an assistant to V. Ramamurthi , Karnan gradually rose to a full-fledged cinematographer , and made a few films based on curry western featuring Jaishankar in the lead . In an interview to Behindwoods , cinematographer Ravi K. Chandran mentioned Karnan as an inspiration and noted the way he made films . He had a very good heart and he was a pure soul . He had helped many in his times . After prolonged illness , he died on 13 December 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chandi Samundi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K.S.Giri', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thambikku Entha Ooru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thambikku_Entha_Ooru', 'summary': 'Thambikku Entha Ooru ( transl . Which town are you from , brother ? ) is a 1984 Indian Tamil language film directed by Rajasekhar , starring Rajinikanth , Madhavi , Sulakshana , Sathyaraj and Senthamarai . The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja . The film was later remade in Kannada as Anjada Gandu ( 1988 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Rajinikanth , Sulakshana , Sathyaraj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajinikanth', 'summary': "Shivaji Rao Gaekwad ( born 12 December 1950 ) , known professionally as Rajinikanth , is an Indian film actor who works primarily in Tamil cinema . In addition to acting , he has also worked as a producer and screenwriter . Hailed as Superstar or Thalaivaa ( leader ) , Rajinikanth is widely regarded as the most popular actor in South India and is the highest-grossing actor in Tamil cinema history . As of 2019 , Rajinikanth has won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards - four Best Actor Awards and two Special Awards for Best Actor - and a Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award . The Government of India has honored him with the Padma Bhushan ( 2000 ) and the Padma Vibhushan ( 2016 ) . He received the Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema at the 4th Vijay Awards . At the 45th International Film Festival of India ( 2014 ) , he was conferred with the Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the Year . At the 50th edition , he will be honored with the Icon of Global Jubilee award . Rajinikanth began acting in plays while working in the Bangalore Transport Service as a bus conductor . In 1973 , he joined the Madras Film Institute to pursue a diploma in acting . Following his debut in K. Balachander 's 1975 Tamil drama Apoorva Raagangal , his acting career commenced with a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films . He had his first major role in Balachander 's Telugu drama film Anthuleni Katha ( 1976 ) , and got his breakthrough in Tamil with Moondru Mudichu ( 1976 ) - also directed by Balachander ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sulakshana_(actress)', 'summary': 'Sulakshana is an Indian film and television actress who has performed in Tamil , Malayalam , Telugu , and Kannada films and serials . She started at the age of two and half in the movie Kaaviya Thalaivi as child Krishna , she was credited as Dolly . After that she acted in Thulabharam as child artist in Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Hindi ( all versions ) and credited as Rajani . Her first leading role was with Chandra Mohan in Subhodayam in 1980 . Her second film was with Rajkumar and he gave advise to her about the importance of make-up as an actress and presented a make- up hit . After that she acted against K. Bhagyaraj as a third film Thooral Ninnu Pochi . She has acted in over 450 films . After a 12 year-break from the film industry , Sulakshana reentered the industry with the teleserial Sahana .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sathyaraj', 'summary': 'Rangaraj Subbiah ( born 3 October 1954 ) , professionally known as Sathyaraj , is an Indian actor , producer , director , media personality and a former politician who has predominantly appeared in Tamil cinema . He started his career in antagonistic roles and later played lead roles . His 200 films also include works in Telugu , Malayalam , Hindi and Kannada . He met with success through lead performances in Vedham Pudhithu ( 1987 ) , Nadigan ( 1990 ) , Amaidhi Padai ( 1994 ) and the Tamil Nadu government-sponsored film Periyar ( 2007 ) . He also received acclaim for supporting roles in Nanban ( 2012 ) , Raja Rani ( 2013 ) , his role as Karikala Kattappa in the two-part epic Baahubali and Kanaa ( 2018 ) . He was also the director of the film Villadhi Villain ( 1995 ) , starring himself in three different roles . In 2011 , he had a brief career as a television host for the game show Home Sweet Home on STAR Vijay . He has also served as a brand ambassador for Pothys and Kumaran Jewelry Shop .'}]}, {'value': 'Rajasekar', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Selected filmography -- Tamil', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Madhavi_(actress)_3', 'intro': 'Madhavi is an Indian film actress known for her works in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi and Oriya cinema. In a career spanning seventeen years, she has acted in around three hundred films. She was one of the top actresses from 1976 to 1996 in Telugu & Tamil films.'}
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Who wrote the music score of the 1981 film Madhavi starred in directed by C. V. Rajendran ?
|
Ilaiyaraaja
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02d3e73c92200e61
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finder_Darts_Masters', 'title': 'Finder Darts Masters', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner ( average in final )', 'Score', 'Runner-Up ( average in final )'], 'data': [{'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2011 Zuiderduin Masters was a British Darts Organisation darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . It was the 13th staging of the event , and the last tournament to be staged that year . Scott Waites was in blistering form as he won the tournament for the first time , beating Martin Adams to get to the final in a sudden-death leg with a 105.12 average . Darryl Fitton was his opponent in the final , and missed two match darts for a 5-3 victory and his second Zuiderduin Masters win . Waites missed the double 18 for a nine-dart finish on his way to completing the comeback . It was a very high scoring match , with Waites hitting 16 180s and Fitton hitting 15 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Hendriks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Hendriks', 'summary': 'Jimmy Hendriks ( born 19 March 1994 ) is a Dutch darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation events .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Zuydwijk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Zuydwijk', 'summary': 'Mike Zuydwijk ( born 21 May 1994 ) is a former Dutch professional darts player who played in the Professional Darts Corporation .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2013 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . Stephen Bunting won the tournament for the first time beating Alan Norris in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Quin Wester', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenny Neyens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Neyens', 'summary': 'Kenny Neyens ( born 13 January 1995 ) is a Belgian darts player from Antwerp currently playing in the Professional Darts Corporation .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2013 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . James Wilson won the tournament for the first time , beating defending champion and number one seed Stephen Bunting in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Colin Roelofs', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berry van Peer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berry_van_Peer', 'summary': 'Berry van Peer ( born August 23 , 1996 ) is a Dutch darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation events .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2014 Zuiderduin Masters is a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': 'Callan Rydz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Callan_Rydz', 'summary': 'Callan Rydz ( born 3 July 1998 , from Newcastle upon Tyne ) is a professional English darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation events .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike van Duivenbode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_van_Duivenbode', 'summary': 'Mike van Duivenbode ( born 4 January 1999 ) is a Dutch professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation events . In 2017 he won two Development Tour events , in which he beat Dimitri Van den Bergh 5-3 and Adam Hunt 5-0 in the respective finals . He won a PDC Tour Card at the second day of the 2019 European Q-School by beating Madars Razma 5-4 in the final , which coincidentally came on his 20th birthday .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2015 Zuiderduin Masters is a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': 'Justin van Tergouw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_van_Tergouw', 'summary': 'Justin Jeremy van Tergouw ( born 20 April 2000 in Utrecht , Netherlands ) is a Dutch darts player who currently plays in British Darts Organisation events . He won the 2017 BDO World Youth Darts Championship and 2018 BDO World Youth Darts Championship .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maikel Verberk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justin van Tergouw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_van_Tergouw', 'summary': 'Justin Jeremy van Tergouw ( born 20 April 2000 in Utrecht , Netherlands ) is a Dutch darts player who currently plays in British Darts Organisation events . He won the 2017 BDO World Youth Darts Championship and 2018 BDO World Youth Darts Championship .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owen Maiden', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jarred Cole ( 86.16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jarred_Cole', 'summary': 'Jarred Cole ( born 28 June 2000 ) is an English professional darts player who currently in the Professional Darts Corporation events .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathan Girvan ( 77.50 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Girvan', 'summary': 'Nathan Girvan ( born 6 November 2002 in Forfar , Angus ) is a Scottish darts player who currently plays in British Darts Organisation events . He reached the final of the 2017 BDO World Youth Darts Championship and also in 2019'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Finder_Darts_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2018 Finder Darts Masters was a major darts tournament run by the British Darts Organisation . It was held between 7 and 9 December 2018 at Hotel Zuiderduin , Egmond aan Zee .'}]}, {'value': 'Keane Barry ( 80.52 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keane_Barry', 'summary': 'Keane Neill Barry ( born 25 June 2002 ) is an Irish professional darts player who currently plays in PDC and Youth Development Tour events . He also plays in British Darts Organisation Youth Tour events , and is the current World Masters Youth Champion and BDO World Youth Champion .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levy Frauenfelder ( 75.47 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Finals -- Youth', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Zuiderduin_Masters_2', 'intro': "The Finder Darts Masters was a darts tournament held in Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands, sanctioned by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation, running intermittently under several different names from 1995 to 2018. The tournament was previously known as the Zuiderduin Masters from 2007 to 2014, as the Leendesk Masters in 2005, as the Doeland Grand Masters from 2001 to 2004, as the European Grand Masters in 2000, and as the Dutch Grand Masters in 1995 and 1996. It was held in December and was traditionally the last BDO event held before the annual World Championship. The tournament was an unranked event until 2008, when it was installed as a ranking event, along with the World Championships and the World Masters, following the cancellation of the World Darts Trophy and the International Darts League. The organizers of the event announced in 2019 that that year's event would not take place due to the termination of the sponsorship with Dutch e-commerce company Finder, and the tournament has been discontinued."}
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Who was a Belgian darts player from Antwerp at the tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee ?
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Kenny Neyens
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02d4005c9d28c995
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Ohio', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adams County Paleo-Indian District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adams_County_Paleo-Indian_District', 'summary': 'The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township , Adams County , Ohio , United States .'}]}, {'value': 'October 17 , 1974 ( # 74001389 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North of U.S. Route 52 near Sandy Springs 38°36′48″N 83°17′39″W / 38.613333°N 83.294167°W / 38.613333 ; -83.294167 ( Adams County Paleo-Indian District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_52', 'summary': "U.S. Route 52 ( US 52 ) is a major United States highway in the central United States that extends from the northern to southeastern region of the United States . Contrary to most other even-numbered U.S . Highways , US 52 primarily follows a northwest-southeast route , and is signed north-south or east-west depending on the local orientation of the route . The highway 's northwestern terminus is at Portal , North Dakota , on the Canadian border , where it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 39 . Its southeastern terminus is in Charleston , South Carolina , at Number 2 Meeting Street and White Point Gardens along the Charleston Harbor ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Green Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . The 2010 census found 651 people in the township , 557 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buckeye Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buckeye_Station', 'summary': "Buckeye Station was built in 1797 by General Nathaniel Massie , a surveyor and early Ohio settler , who lived there for a brief time . It is located just east of Manchester , Ohio , in the uplands overlooking the Ohio River . Massie founded several towns in Ohio , including nearby Manchester , Ohio as well as the state 's first capital Chillicothe . Massie leased the property to John Moore for a time , and then sold it to his brother-in-law Charles Willing Byrd . The original house on the property was a c. 1791 log cabin called Buckeye Station because it was constructed of buckeye timber . It was built near Massie Station , a stockaded village established by Massie that later became Manchester . The log cabin was replaced by the current one-and-half story L-shaped house in 1797 . Today Buckeye Station is a crumbling ruin . It stands in the shadow of a cell phone tower , in a patch of woods , near a large agricultural field . A historical marker is located to the south on highway 52 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 1 , 1974 ( # 74001388 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East of Manchester off U.S. Route 52 38°42′22″N 83°32′31″W / 38.70621°N 83.54194°W / 38.70621 ; -83.54194 ( Buckeye Station )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_52', 'summary': "U.S. Route 52 ( US 52 ) is a major United States highway in the central United States that extends from the northern to southeastern region of the United States . Contrary to most other even-numbered U.S . Highways , US 52 primarily follows a northwest-southeast route , and is signed north-south or east-west depending on the local orientation of the route . The highway 's northwestern terminus is at Portal , North Dakota , on the Canadian border , where it continues as Saskatchewan Highway 39 . Its southeastern terminus is in Charleston , South Carolina , at Number 2 Meeting Street and White Point Gardens along the Charleston Harbor ."}]}, {'value': 'Monroe Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Monroe Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census the population was 686 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cockerill House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 21 , 1978 ( # 78001998 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '115 E. Main St. 38°47′41″N 83°32′42″W / 38.79459°N 83.54508°W / 38.79459 ; -83.54508 ( Cockerill House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Union,_Ohio', 'summary': 'West Union is a village in Adams County , Ohio , United States , about 55 miles ( 89 km ) southeast of Cincinnati . The population was 3,241 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Adams County . West Union is served by West Union High School , the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District , and the West Union Public Library , a branch of the Adams County Public Library .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dayton Power and Light Company Mound', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 30 , 1974 ( # 74001391 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "On the grounds of the Dayton Power and Light 's Killen Station plant , east of Wrightsville 38°41′20″N 83°28′41″W / 38.689000°N 83.478000°W / 38.689000 ; -83.478000 ( Dayton Power and Light Company Mound )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DPL_Inc.', 'summary': "DP & L Inc. is a subsidiary of AES Corporation . Through its subsidiaries The Dayton Power and Light Company and DPL Energy Resources , DP & L sells to , and generates electricity for , a customer base of over 500,000 people within a 6,000-square-mile ( 16,000 km2 ) area of West Central Ohio , including the area around Dayton , Ohio ; its namesake . Electricity for DP & L 's 24 county service area within Ohio 's Miami Valley is primarily generated at eight coal-fired power plants , but DP & L also provides service to its clients via the use of combustion turbines , diesel peaking units , and solar powered properties ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Killen_Station', 'summary': 'Killen Station was a 618 megawatt ( MW ) dual-fuel power generating facility located east of Wrightsville , Ohio in Adams County , Ohio . The power plant had two units : one coal-fired and one oil-fired . At the time of its closure , it was operated by AES Ohio Generation , a subsidiary of the AES Corporation . The plant began operations in 1982 and ceased generation on May 31 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Monroe Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Monroe Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census the population was 686 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harshaville Covered Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harshaville_Covered_Bridge', 'summary': "The Harshaville Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge spanning the Cherry Fork Creek at Harshaville , Adams County , Ohio . Built in 1855 , it is a Burr truss bridge with a 110-foot span . It has sheet metal siding , a metal roof and stone abutments . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . The Ohio Historic Places Dictionary has described it as an outstanding example of a Burr truss bridge . The name reflects the community , which was named for the Harsha family that built a mill there . In the summer of 1863 , in a campaign known as Morgan 's Raid , raiders from the Confederate States Army led by John Hunt Morgan ransacked the Harshaville general store and burned many bridges , but spared the Harshaville Covered Bridge . In June 2010 , the Ohio Department of Transportation received a $ 100,000 grant from the Federal Highway Administration to rehabilitate the bridge . The County planned to replace the bridge 's metal siding with historically correct wood siding and to replace the metal roof and failed backwall . Tom Cross , executive director of the Adams County Travel and Visitor 's Bureau , noted , Once this work is completed , this bridge will look like new ."}]}, {'value': 'March 16 , 1976 ( # 76001357 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graces Run Rd . 38°54′28″N 83°32′37″W / 38.90787°N 83.54374°W / 38.90787 ; -83.54374 ( Harshaville Covered Bridge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oliver Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oliver_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Oliver Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census the population was 1,319 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirker Covered Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirker_Covered_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Kirker Covered Bridge , near West Union , Ohio , was built in the late 1860s . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . It is a kingpost truss bridge . It is located southwest of West Union off State Route 136 . It is named for the Ohio governor during 1807-08 , Thomas Kirker , who had immigrated from Ireland in 1779 and was the first permanent settler in the area , in 1794 . The bridge was closed to vehicular traffic .'}]}, {'value': 'October 29 , 1975 ( # 75001309 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southwest of West Union off State Route 136 38°47′03″N 83°36′12″W / 38.78416°N 83.60328°W / 38.78416 ; -83.60328 ( Kirker Covered Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_136', 'summary': 'State Route 136 ( SR 136 ) is a north-south state highway in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio . Its southern terminus is at its interchange with U.S. Route 52 in Manchester and its northern terminus is at its interchange with U.S. Route 62 near Winchester .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberty Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Liberty Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . The 2010 census found 1,965 people in the township .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gov . Thomas Kirker Homestead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gov._Thomas_Kirker_Homestead', 'summary': "The Gov . Thomas Kirker Homestead , in Liberty Township , Adams County , Ohio near West Union , Ohio , was built in 1805 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . It is located southwest of West Union off State Route 136 . The original 1805-built portion of the house is a stone , three-bay by two-bay , one-and-a-half-story structure . It was home of Thomas Kirker , an immigrant from Ireland who became Ohio 's second governor during 1807-08 . The homestead was visited by Confederate soldiers raiding for horses , under John Hunt Morgan , but their quest was unsuccessful as the place had been warned of their approach ."}]}, {'value': 'November 3 , 1975 ( # 75001310 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southwest of West Union off State Route 136 38°46′28″N 83°35′57″W / 38.7745°N 83.59905°W / 38.7745 ; -83.59905 ( Gov . Thomas Kirker Homestead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_136', 'summary': 'State Route 136 ( SR 136 ) is a north-south state highway in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio . Its southern terminus is at its interchange with U.S. Route 52 in Manchester and its northern terminus is at its interchange with U.S. Route 62 near Winchester .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberty Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Liberty Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . The 2010 census found 1,965 people in the township .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. A.C. Lewis House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 31 , 1980 ( # 80002931 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '103 South St. 38°56′28″N 83°39′04″W / 38.94112°N 83.65109°W / 38.94112 ; -83.65109 ( Dr. A.C. Lewis House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winchester,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Winchester is a village in Adams County , Ohio , United States . The population was 1,051 at the 2010 census . The name of the surrounding township is also named Winchester . State Route 136 passes through Winchester . Winchester is adjacent to Ohio State Route 32 , a four lane divided highway known as the Appalachian Highway . The Appalachian Highway links Winchester to Cincinnati . A traffic signal is located at the intersection of Routes 32 and 136 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serpent Mound', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serpent_Mound', 'summary': 'The Great Serpent Mound is a 1,348-foot-long ( 411 m ) , three-foot-high prehistoric effigy mound on a plateau of the Serpent Mound crater along Ohio Brush Creek in Adams County , Ohio . Maintained within a park by Ohio History Connection , it has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of Interior . The Serpent Mound of Ohio was first reported from surveys by Ephraim Squire and Edwin Davis in their historic volume Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley , published in 1848 by the newly founded Smithsonian Museum . The Serpent Mound is the largest serpent effigy in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'October 15 , 1966 ( # 66000602 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 mi ( 8.0 km ) northwest of Locust Grove on State Route 73 39°01′33″N 83°25′49″W / 39.02573°N 83.43031°W / 39.02573 ; -83.43031 ( Serpent Mound )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_73', 'summary': "State Route 73 ( SR 73 ) is an east-west state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio . Its western terminus is on U.S. Route 27 in Oxford at the intersection of SR 732 . SR 73s eastern terminus is in Portsmouth at US 23 ; this is also the southern terminus of SR 104 , and the two state routes run concurrent for over 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) from this point north . Once SR 73 enters Scioto County , it is designated as the Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail by the Ohio Department of Transportation . In combination with SR 32 , SR 73 's easternmost 31 miles ( 50 km ) are part of the quickest route between Cincinnati and Portsmouth ."}]}, {'value': 'Bratton Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bratton_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Bratton Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census there were 1,461 people living in the township . The Great Serpent Mound , a serpent-shaped effigy mound of the Fort Ancient culture , is located within Bratton Township , along with much of the Serpent Mound crater .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 8 , 1992 ( # 92001352 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '503 E. 8th St. 38°41′37″N 83°36′16″W / 38.69349°N 83.60437°W / 38.69349 ; -83.60437 ( The Ridge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manchester,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Manchester is a village in Manchester Township , Adams County , Ohio , United States , along the Ohio River . The population was 2,023 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Treber Inn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 17 , 1976 ( # 76001358 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 mi ( 8.0 km ) northeast of West Union on State Route 41 38°50′57″N 83°29′14″W / 38.84921°N 83.4871°W / 38.84921 ; -83.4871 ( Treber Inn )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_41', 'summary': 'State Route 41 ( SR 41 ) is a north-south state highway in the southern and western portions of the U.S. state of Ohio . Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 52 , US 62 Business , and US 68 Business in Aberdeen . ( US 62 Bus . and US 68 Bus . continue south through Maysville , Kentucky crossing the Ohio River at the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge from this point ) ; and its northern terminus is along SR 48 at US 36 in Covington . Throughout its southern portion the route is quite hilly as it passes predominantly northward through scenic areas with state parks and monuments . Along its northern portion the route heads in a more westerly direction across mainly flat terrain as a major road through the cities of Washington Court House , Springfield , and Troy .'}]}, {'value': 'Tiffin Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiffin_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Tiffin Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 5,560 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wamsley Village Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 30 , 1974 ( # 74001390 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "West of Stout , near the mouth of Brush Creek . On the grounds of the Dayton Power and Light 's Killen Station plant 38°40′35″N 83°27′07″W / 38.676333°N 83.451806°W / 38.676333 ; -83.451806 ( Wamsley Village Site )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DPL_Inc.', 'summary': "DP & L Inc. is a subsidiary of AES Corporation . Through its subsidiaries The Dayton Power and Light Company and DPL Energy Resources , DP & L sells to , and generates electricity for , a customer base of over 500,000 people within a 6,000-square-mile ( 16,000 km2 ) area of West Central Ohio , including the area around Dayton , Ohio ; its namesake . Electricity for DP & L 's 24 county service area within Ohio 's Miami Valley is primarily generated at eight coal-fired power plants , but DP & L also provides service to its clients via the use of combustion turbines , diesel peaking units , and solar powered properties ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Killen_Station', 'summary': 'Killen Station was a 618 megawatt ( MW ) dual-fuel power generating facility located east of Wrightsville , Ohio in Adams County , Ohio . The power plant had two units : one coal-fired and one oil-fired . At the time of its closure , it was operated by AES Ohio Generation , a subsidiary of the AES Corporation . The plant began operations in 1982 and ceased generation on May 31 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Monroe Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Monroe Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census the population was 686 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Union Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Union_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': 'West Union Presbyterian Church is a historic congregation of the Presbyterian Church ( U.S.A. ) in the village of West Union on the southern edge of Ohio . Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century , it worships in an early nineteenth-century building constructed by a future governor of Kentucky , and it counted among its earliest members a governor of Ohio . The building has been named a historic site .'}]}, {'value': 'November 18 , 1976 ( # 76001359 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '108 S. 2nd St. 38°47′37″N 83°32′38″W / 38.7935°N 83.54375°W / 38.7935 ; -83.54375 ( West Union Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Union,_Ohio', 'summary': 'West Union is a village in Adams County , Ohio , United States , about 55 miles ( 89 km ) southeast of Cincinnati . The population was 3,241 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Adams County . West Union is served by West Union High School , the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District , and the West Union Public Library , a branch of the Adams County Public Library .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wickerham Inn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 7 , 1979 ( # 79001778 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast of Peebles on State Route 41 38°58′13″N 83°23′39″W / 38.97038°N 83.39414°W / 38.97038 ; -83.39414 ( Wickerham Inn )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_41', 'summary': 'State Route 41 ( SR 41 ) is a north-south state highway in the southern and western portions of the U.S. state of Ohio . Its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 52 , US 62 Business , and US 68 Business in Aberdeen . ( US 62 Bus . and US 68 Bus . continue south through Maysville , Kentucky crossing the Ohio River at the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge from this point ) ; and its northern terminus is along SR 48 at US 36 in Covington . Throughout its southern portion the route is quite hilly as it passes predominantly northward through scenic areas with state parks and monuments . Along its northern portion the route heads in a more westerly direction across mainly flat terrain as a major road through the cities of Washington Court House , Springfield , and Troy .'}]}, {'value': 'Franklin Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Franklin Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,110 .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John T. Wilson Homestead', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 11 , 1977 ( # 77001039 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast of Seaman on State Route 770 38°57′48″N 83°31′57″W / 38.9633°N 83.53263°W / 38.9633 ; -83.53263 ( John T. Wilson Homestead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_770', 'summary': 'State Route 770 ( SR 770 , OH 770 ) is a north-south state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio . The southern terminus of State Route 770 is at State Route 247 in Seaman . Its northern terminus is at its junction with State Route 73 about 10.5 miles ( 16.9 km ) north of Seaman , just inside of the Adams-Highland County Line .'}]}, {'value': 'Scott Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Township,_Adams_County,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Scott Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County , Ohio , United States . As of the 2010 census the population was 2,180 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tet Woods Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 25 , 1982 ( # 82003536 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '307 Main St. 38°47′41″N 83°32′52″W / 38.79477°N 83.54787°W / 38.79477 ; -83.54787 ( Tet Woods Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Union,_Ohio', 'summary': 'West Union is a village in Adams County , Ohio , United States , about 55 miles ( 89 km ) southeast of Cincinnati . The population was 3,241 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Adams County . West Union is served by West Union High School , the Adams County/Ohio Valley School District , and the West Union Public Library , a branch of the Adams County Public Library .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Adams_County,_Ohio_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Ohio. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Ohio, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map. There are 16 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.'}
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What is the population of the city that has a historic site that is the largest of its subject in the world ?
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1,461
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02d4c52c0681d812
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th_United_States_Congress', 'title': '78th United States Congress', 'header': ['State ( class )', 'Vacator', 'Reason for change', 'Successor', "Date of successor 's formal installation"], 'data': [{'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'William Warren Barbour ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Warren_Barbour', 'summary': 'William Warren Barbour ( July 31 , 1888 - November 22 , 1943 ) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1931 to 1937 and again from 1938 until his death in office in 1943 . He was also a business leader and amateur heavyweight boxing champion in both the United States ( 1910 ) and Canada ( 1911 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Died November 22 , 1943 . Successor was appointed until an election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arthur Walsh ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Walsh_(senator)', 'summary': 'Arthur Walsh ( February 26 , 1896 - December 13 , 1947 ) was an American politician and World War I veteran who served as the junior United States Senator from New Jersey from November 26 , 1943 to December 7 , 1944 . He was a member of the Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'November 26 , 1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11 , 1816 . Since then , the state has been represented in the United States Senate by 44 different men in Class 1 and 3 ; David Turpie served non-consecutive terms in Class 1 , Dan Coats served non-consecutive terms in Class 3 , and William Ezra Jenner served in both Classes . Until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , Senators were elected by the Indiana General Assembly ; after that they were elected popularly by Indiana citizens . A senatorial term lasts six years beginning on January 3 . In case of a vacancy the Governor of Indiana has the duty to appoint a new U.S. senator . The longest-serving of any Senator from Indiana is Republican Richard Lugar ( 1977-2013 ) . Indiana 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Todd Young ( serving since 2017 ) and Mike Braun ( serving since 2019 )"}]}, {'value': 'Frederick Van Nuys ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Van_Nuys', 'summary': 'Frederick Van Nuys ( April 16 , 1874 - January 25 , 1944 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana . Born in Falmouth , he attended the public schools and graduated from Earlham College ( Richmond , Indiana ) in 1898 and from Indiana Law School ( now Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law ) in 1900 . He was admitted to the bar in 1900 and commenced practice in Shelbyville moving shortly afterward to Anderson . From 1906 to 1910 he was prosecuting attorney of Madison County and was a member of the Indiana Senate from 1913 to 1916 , serving as president pro tempore in 1915 . He moved to Indianapolis in 1916 and continued the practice of law ; he was United States attorney for the district of Indiana from 1920 to 1922 . According to an interview in the Literary Digest , he pronounced his last name van-NIECE . He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1932 , soundly defeating longtime incumbent and Majority Leader James Eli Watson . He was an opponent of the Nineteenth Amendment and called for changes to the Volstead Act . In 1937 , he joined with Senator Robert F. Wagner in introducing an anti-lynching bill in the Senate . The House of Representatives passed a similar bill by a wide 277-120 margin but was successfully filibustered in the Senate in 1938 . While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments ( 76th Congress ) and a member of the Committee on the Judiciary ( 77th and 78th Congresses ) . Although he was a Democrat who was elected as part of Franklin D. Roosevelts sweeping victory , Van Nuys was not always a reliable supporter of New Deal policies and opposed the presidents plan to enlarge the United States Supreme Court .'}]}, {'value': 'Died January 25 , 1944 . Successor was appointed until an election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel D. Jackson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_D._Jackson', 'summary': 'Samuel Dillon Jackson ( May 28 , 1895 - March 8 , 1951 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana .'}]}, {'value': 'January 28 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.', 'summary': "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. ( July 5 , 1902 - February 27 , 1985 ) , sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II , was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a United States ambassador . He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon . The Republican ticket lost to Democrats John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson . Born in Nahant , Massachusetts , Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen . After graduating from Harvard University , Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives . He defeated Democratic Governor James Michael Curley in 1936 to represent Massachusetts in the United States Senate . He resigned from the Senate in 1944 to serve in Italy and France during World War II . Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general . In 1946 , Lodge defeated incumbent Democratic Senator David I. Walsh to return to the Senate . He led the Draft Eisenhower movement before the 1952 election and served as Eisenhower 's campaign manager , ensuring that his candidate triumphed at the 1952 Republican National Convention . Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II in the general election , but Lodge lost his own re-election campaign to John F. Kennedy . Lodge was named as ambassador to the United Nations in 1953 and became a member of Eisenhower 's Cabinet ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned February 3 , 1944 , to go on active duty in the US Army . Success was appointed until a special election', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Weeks ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks', 'summary': "Charles Sinclair Weeks ( June 15 , 1893 - February 7 , 1972 ) , better known as Sinclair Weeks , served as United States Senator from Massachusetts ( 1944 ) and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1953 until 1958 , during President Eisenhower 's administration ."}]}, {'value': 'February 8 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oregon ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Oregon', 'summary': 'Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14 , 1859 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrats Ron Wyden ( serving since 1996 ) and Jeff Merkley ( serving since 2009 ) . Prior to 1906 , U.S. senators were elected by the Oregon Legislative Assembly . In 1904 , Oregon voters passed a ballot measure that required U.S. senators to be selected by a popular vote and then endorsed by the state legislature . Beginning in 1914 , U.S. senators were directly elected by popular vote on the basis of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles L. McNary ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_L._McNary', 'summary': "Charles Linza McNary ( June 12 , 1874 - February 25 , 1944 ) was a United States Republican politician from Oregon . He served in the U.S. Senate from 1917 to 1944 and was Senate Minority Leader from 1933 to 1944 . In the Senate , McNary helped to pass legislation that led to the construction of Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River , and worked on agricultural and forestry issues . He also supported many of the New Deal programs at the beginning of the Great Depression . Until Mark O. Hatfield surpassed his mark in 1993 , he was Oregon 's longest-serving senator . McNary was the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1940 , on the ticket with presidential candidate Wendell Willkie ; both died in 1944 , during what would have been their first term had they won . They lost to the Democratic ticket , composed of Franklin D. Roosevelt , who was running for his third term as president , and Henry A. Wallace by just under a ten-point margin . McNary was a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1913 to 1915 and was dean of Willamette University College of Law , in his hometown of Salem , from 1908 to 1913 . Before that , he was a deputy district attorney under his brother , John Hugh McNary , who later became a federal judge for the District of Oregon . McNary died in office after unsuccessful surgery on a brain tumor . Oregon held a state funeral for him , during which his body lay in state at the Oregon State Capitol in Salem . McNary Dam , McNary Field , McNary High School , and McNary Country Club ( on land he owned ) in Oregon are named in his honor ."}]}, {'value': 'Died February 25 , 1944 . Successor was appointed and subsequently won special election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guy Cordon ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guy_Cordon', 'summary': 'Guy F. Cordon ( April 24 , 1890 - June 8 , 1969 ) was a U.S. politician and lawyer from the state of Oregon . A native of Texas , he served in the Army during World War I and later was the district attorney of Douglas County in Southern Oregon . A Republican , he was appointed and later won election to the United States Senate , serving in office from 1944 to 1955 .'}]}, {'value': 'March 4 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Washington', 'summary': 'Washington was admitted to the Union on November 11 , 1889 , and elects its United States senators to Class 1 and Class 3 . Its current US senators are Democrats Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell .'}]}, {'value': 'Homer Bone ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Homer_Bone', 'summary': 'Homer Truett Bone ( January 25 , 1883 - March 11 , 1970 ) was an American attorney and politician in Washington state , where he settled in Tacoma as a youth with his family from Indiana . He ran as a candidate for a variety of parties and was elected to the State House . In 1932 , he was elected as a Democrat as United States Senator from Washington , and re-elected to a second term . In 1944 Bone was appointed as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . He served until his death , the last years in senior status .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned November 13 , 1944 , to become Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit . Successor was appointed to finish the term , having just been elected to the next term', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_9th_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ( in case citations , 9th Cir . ) is a court of appeal that has appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts :'}]}, {'value': 'Warren Magnuson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warren_Magnuson', 'summary': 'Warren Grant Maggie Magnuson ( April 12 , 1905 - May 20 , 1989 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as a U.S. Representative ( 1937-1944 ) and a U.S . Senator ( 1944-1981 ) from Washington . He served over 36 years in the Senate , and was the most senior member of the body during his final two years in office .'}]}, {'value': 'December 14 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11 , 1816 . Since then , the state has been represented in the United States Senate by 44 different men in Class 1 and 3 ; David Turpie served non-consecutive terms in Class 1 , Dan Coats served non-consecutive terms in Class 3 , and William Ezra Jenner served in both Classes . Until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , Senators were elected by the Indiana General Assembly ; after that they were elected popularly by Indiana citizens . A senatorial term lasts six years beginning on January 3 . In case of a vacancy the Governor of Indiana has the duty to appoint a new U.S. senator . The longest-serving of any Senator from Indiana is Republican Richard Lugar ( 1977-2013 ) . Indiana 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Todd Young ( serving since 2017 ) and Mike Braun ( serving since 2019 )"}]}, {'value': 'Samuel D. Jackson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_D._Jackson', 'summary': 'Samuel Dillon Jackson ( May 28 , 1895 - March 8 , 1951 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William E. Jenner ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_E._Jenner', 'summary': 'William Ezra Jenner ( July 21 , 1908 - March 9 , 1985 ) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Indiana . A Republican , Jenner was an Indiana state senator from 1934 to 1942 , and a U.S . Senator from 1944 to 1945 and again from 1947 to 1959 . In the Senate , Jenner was a supporter of McCarthyism .'}]}, {'value': 'November 7 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ellison Durant Smith ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellison_Durant_Smith', 'summary': 'Ellison DuRant Cotton Ed Smith ( August 1 , 1864 - November 17 , 1944 ) was a Democratic Party politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina widely known for his virulently racist and segregationist views and his advocacy of white supremacy . He represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1909 until 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Died November 17 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilton E. Hall ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall', 'summary': 'Wilton Earle Hall ( March 11 , 1901 - February 25 , 1980 ) was a United States Senator from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'November 20 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Arthur Walsh ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Walsh_(senator)', 'summary': 'Arthur Walsh ( February 26 , 1896 - December 13 , 1947 ) was an American politician and World War I veteran who served as the junior United States Senator from New Jersey from November 26 , 1943 to December 7 , 1944 . He was a member of the Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H. Alexander Smith ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Alexander_Smith', 'summary': 'Howard Alexander Smith ( January 30 , 1880 - October 27 , 1966 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1944 to 1959 . He was the uncle of Peter H. Dominick , who was a Senator from Colorado ( 1963-1975 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'December 7 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Weeks ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks', 'summary': "Charles Sinclair Weeks ( June 15 , 1893 - February 7 , 1972 ) , better known as Sinclair Weeks , served as United States Senator from Massachusetts ( 1944 ) and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1953 until 1958 , during President Eisenhower 's administration ."}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected . Successor chose not to take the seat until the next Congress , but was nevertheless duly elected and qualified', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leverett Saltonstall ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall', 'summary': 'Leverett A. Saltonstall ( September 1 , 1892 - June 17 , 1979 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts . He served three two-year terms as the 55th Governor of Massachusetts , and for more than twenty years as a United States Senator ( 1945-1967 ) . Saltonstall was internationalist in foreign policy and moderate on domestic policy , serving as a well-liked mediating force in the Republican Party . He was the only member of the Republican Senate leadership to vote for the censure of Joseph McCarthy .'}]}, {'value': 'January 4 , 1945', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Changes in membership -- Senate', 'section_text': 'See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate', 'uid': '78th_United_States_Congress_0', 'intro': "The Seventy-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1945, during the last two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixteenth Census of the United States in 1940. Both chambers had a Democratic majority."}
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Over how many years in the Senate did the successor serve whose vacator settled in Tacoma as a youth with his family from Indiana ?
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36
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02d4f99dbdf3e1d9
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_NFL_Draft', 'title': '1995 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Arizona Cardinals season was the franchise 's 97th season , 76th season in the National Football League , the 8th in Arizona and the second as the Arizona Cardinal . Former Seattle Seahawks quarterback Dave Krieg started in his only season with the team . The Cardinals failed to improve upon their 8-8 record from 1994 and finished 4-12 , resulting in the firing of head coach Buddy Ryan and his entire staff ."}]}, {'value': 'Kwamie Lassiter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kwamie_Lassiter', 'summary': 'Kwamie Lassiter ( December 3 , 1969 - January 6 , 2019 ) was an American football safety . He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 1995 . He played college football at Kansas .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Kansas_Jayhawks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . They participated as members of the Big 8 Conference and were coached by head coach Glen Mason . They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence , Kansas .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Eight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Eight Conference was a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) -affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football . It was formed in January 1907 as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association ( MVIAA ) by its charter member schools : the University of Kansas , University of Missouri , University of Nebraska , and Washington University in St. Louis . Additionally , the University of Iowa was an original member of the MVIAA , while maintaining joint membership in the Western Conference ( now the Big Ten Conference ) . The conference was dissolved in 1996 . Its membership at its dissolution consisted of the University of Nebraska , Iowa State University , the University of Colorado at Boulder , the University of Kansas , Kansas State University , the University of Missouri , the University of Oklahoma , and Oklahoma State University . The Big Eight kept its headquarters in Kansas City , Missouri . In February 1994 , the Big Eight and the Southwest Conference announced that the two leagues had reached an agreement to form a new conference . The eight members of the Big Eight joined with SWC schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the Big 12 Conference the following year . A vote was conducted on whether to keep the new conference 's headquarters in Kansas City , and by a vote of 7-5 the conference members voted to move to Irving , Texas , a suburb of Dallas . The two Oklahoma schools , all four Texas schools , and Colorado voted for the move while both Kansas schools , Nebraska , Missouri , and Iowa State voted for Kansas City ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Arizona Cardinals season was the franchise 's 97th season , 76th season in the National Football League , the 8th in Arizona and the second as the Arizona Cardinal . Former Seattle Seahawks quarterback Dave Krieg started in his only season with the team . The Cardinals failed to improve upon their 8-8 record from 1994 and finished 4-12 , resulting in the firing of head coach Buddy Ryan and his entire staff ."}]}, {'value': 'Oscar McBride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oscar_McBride', 'summary': 'Oscar Bernard McBride ( born July 23 , 1972 ) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League who played for the Arizona Cardinals . He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team was coached by Lou Holtz and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend , Indiana .'}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( I-A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_independent_schools', 'summary': 'In American college sports , NCAA Division I independent schools are four-year institutions that do not belong to a conference for a particular sport .'}]}, {'value': 'Carolina Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Carolina_Panthers_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Carolina Panthers season was the franchise 's inaugural season in the National Football League and the 1st under head coach Dom Capers . They went 7-9 , the best debut year for any expansion franchise since the NFL 's inception . The Panthers would go on to make the playoffs in only their second season in 1996 . The Panthers played their first season 's home games at Clemson University because Bank of America Stadium was still under construction after a deadline point in 1995 for scheduling Carolina 's first set of NFL games ."}]}, {'value': 'Matt Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Campbell_(offensive_lineman)', 'summary': 'Matthew Thomas Campbell ( born July 14 , 1972 ) is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Carolina Panthers and the Washington Redskins . He played college football at the University of South Carolina . He is the former Offensive Coordinator at Virginia Military Institute . In January 2015 , he was named the head football coach and athletic director at Lugoff-Elgin HS in Lugoff , SC .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Gamecocks were led by head coach Brad Scott and played their home games in Williams-Brice Stadium in Columbia , South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 28th year in professional football and its 26th with the National Football League . With Jeff Blake firmly entrenched as the starting quarterback , the Bengals won their first two games . However , the Bengals would lose their next two , heading into a rematch with Don Shula and the Miami Dolphins , in which the Bengals also lost , 26-23 . The Bengals went on to play fairly well the rest of the season , but could not avoid their fifth straight losing season , ending with a 7-9 win-loss record . One of the seasons biggest disappointments was running back Ki-Jana Carter who the Bengals took with first overall pick out of Penn State . Carter would suffer a knee injury in his first preseason game , forcing him to miss his entire rookie season . He would never fully recover , in an injury plagued career ."}]}, {'value': 'Jason Burns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Burns_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Jason Burns was a member of the Cincinnati Bengals during the 1995 NFL season as a running back . Born November 27 , 1972 in Chicago , Illinois , Burns attended Percy L. Julian High School . He played at the collegiate level with the Wisconsin Badgers .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were led by fifth year head coach Barry Alvarez and participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Cleveland Browns season was the team 's 50th season overall and 46th in the National Football League . After finishing 11-5 in 1994 under head coach Bill Belichick and winning a playoff game for the first time since 1989 , the Browns were favored by many to reach Cleveland 's first ever Super Bowl . The Browns started by winning three of their first four games and were 4-4 halfway through the season . The day after the Browns recorded their fifth loss , a 37-10 blowout against the Oilers , owner Art Modell announced that he was moving the franchise to Baltimore . Stunned by this news , the team collapsed and only won one of their remaining seven games and Belichick was fired . As part of the agreement to allow Modell to move , the city of Cleveland was allowed to keep the Browns name , the team 's history from 1946 onward , and everything else associated with the Browns while Modell would receive a new franchise , which would become known as the Baltimore Ravens . The Browns ' roster would be transferred to Baltimore but the club would otherwise start from scratch as an expansion franchise would . The NFL also agreed that Cleveland would receive a new franchise once a stadium was built for it , and in 1999 the Browns franchise was reactivated under new ownership . The 1999 Browns were stocked by an expansion draft , but were otherwise a continuation of the original 1946 franchise . The team was documented in NFL Network 's A Football Life ."}]}, {'value': 'Brandon Bennett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandon_Bennett', 'summary': "Brandon Bennett ( born February 3 , 1973 ) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the Cincinnati Bengals and the Carolina Panthers . He played college football at the University of South Carolina . In high school , Brandon was on the track team as well as the basketball team . He was previously employed at Carolina High School and Academy as Dean of Students in Greenville , SC , and then served as the Director of Intramural Sports at Southside Christian School in Simpsonville , SC . In January 2017 , he became the Head Football Coach at St. Joseph 's Catholic School in Greenville , SC ."}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Gamecocks were led by head coach Brad Scott and played their home games in Williams-Brice Stadium in Columbia , South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 36th season in the National Football League and was the second year under head coach Barry Switzer and final of the three Super Bowl titles they would win during 1992 to 1995 . Dallas would be the first team to ever win three Super Bowls in a span of four seasons ( would be later matched by the New England Patriots from the 2001 to 2004 seasons ) . Switzer guided the Cowboys to a fifth Super Bowl victory by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XXX . As of 2020 , this is the last time the Cowboys appeared in the NFC Championship Game , and in turn , their last Super Bowl appearance ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Davis_(wide_receiver)', 'summary': 'Billy Davis ( born July 6 , 1972 in El Paso , Texas ) is a former professional American football wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys and Baltimore Ravens . He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Pittsburgh_Panthers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 36th season in the National Football League and was the second year under head coach Barry Switzer and final of the three Super Bowl titles they would win during 1992 to 1995 . Dallas would be the first team to ever win three Super Bowls in a span of four seasons ( would be later matched by the New England Patriots from the 2001 to 2004 seasons ) . Switzer guided the Cowboys to a fifth Super Bowl victory by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XXX . As of 2020 , this is the last time the Cowboys appeared in the NFC Championship Game , and in turn , their last Super Bowl appearance ."}]}, {'value': 'Oronde Gadsden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oronde_Gadsden', 'summary': 'Oronde Benjamin Gadsden ( pronounced o-RON-day ) ( born August 20 , 1971 ) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins . He also was a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy of the WLAF and the Portland Forest Dragons of the Arena Football League . He played college football at Winston-Salem State University .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Winston-Salem State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winston–Salem_State_Rams_football', 'summary': 'Winston-Salem State University ( WSSU ) , a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina , is a historically black public research university located in Winston-Salem , North Carolina , United States . It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . WSSU is an accredited university offering baccalaureate and graduate programs to a diverse student population .'}]}, {'value': 'CIAA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association', 'summary': 'The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association ( CIAA ) is a collegiate athletic conference , mostly consisting of historically black colleges and universities . CIAA institutions are affiliated at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . Conference members are primarily located in North Carolina ( eight ) and Virginia ( two ) . There is one school in Maryland , Pennsylvania and South Carolina respectively . Because a majority of the members are in North Carolina , the CIAA moved its headquarters to Charlotte , North Carolina from Hampton , Virginia in August 2015 . The CIAA sponsors 16 annual championships and is divided into Northern and Southern divisions for some sports . The most notable CIAA sponsored championship is the CIAA Basketball Tournament held annually in Charlotte , North Carolina which has become one of the largest college basketball events in the nation .'}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 36th season in the National Football League and was the second year under head coach Barry Switzer and final of the three Super Bowl titles they would win during 1992 to 1995 . Dallas would be the first team to ever win three Super Bowls in a span of four seasons ( would be later matched by the New England Patriots from the 2001 to 2004 seasons ) . Switzer guided the Cowboys to a fifth Super Bowl victory by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XXX . As of 2020 , this is the last time the Cowboys appeared in the NFC Championship Game , and in turn , their last Super Bowl appearance ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Gruttadauria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Gruttadauria', 'summary': 'Michael Jason Gruttadauria ( born December 6 , 1972 in Fort Lauderdale , Florida ) is a former American football center in the National Football League for the St. Louis Rams and Arizona Cardinals . He played college football at the University of Central Florida .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Central Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_UCF_Knights_football_team', 'summary': "The 1994 UCF Golden Knights football season was the sixteenth season for the team and Gene McDowell 's tenth as the head coach of the Golden Knights . After the Golden Knight 's impressive 1993 season , UCF was selected as the preseason # 1 to start the 1994 season . The 1994 season would prove disappointing however , as the Golden Knights would finish the season ranked # 20 with a 7-4 record . The school 's famous campus homecoming tradition Spirit Splash began ( by chance ) in 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( I-AA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Detroit_Lions_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Detroit Lions season was the team 's 66th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Finishing at 10-6 , it marked the Lions ' third consecutive winning season , which had not been accomplished in Detroit since the team posted four consecutive winning seasons from 1969-1972 . It was also the Lions ' third straight postseason appearance , and fourth in five seasons -- the franchises ' best stretch since the 1950s . The Lions started the season 0-3 and were 3-6 after a Week 10 loss in Atlanta . However , starting with a Week 11 win over Tampa Bay , the Lions won a franchise-record seven consecutive games to close out the season and clinch a playoff berth . Herman Moore had a career season as he broke Cris Carters NFL record for most receptions in a season ( 123 ) . Moore and teammate Brett Perriman ( 108 catches ) became the first receiver duo to each have more than 100 receptions in the same season . The Lions ' 436 points scored was the most in franchise history until it was eclipsed by the 2011 team . For the third consecutive year , however , the Lions could not win a playoff game and were eliminated as they lost to the Philadelphia Eagles 58-37 in the wild card round ."}]}, {'value': 'Ron Rice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Rice_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Ron Rice ( born November 9 , 1972 in Detroit , Michigan ) is a former American football safety in the National Football League . Rice was signed by the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 1995 . He played college football at Eastern Michigan and graduated with a BA in criminal justice .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Eastern_Michigan_Eagles_football_team', 'summary': "The 1994 Eastern Michigan Eagles football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their second and final season under head coach Ron Cooper , the Eagles compiled a 5-6 record ( 5-4 against conference opponents ) , finished in seventh place in the Mid-American Conference , and were outscored by their opponents , 285 to 247 . The team 's statistical leaders included Michael Armour with 1,629 passing yards , Stephen Whitfield with 1,232 rushing yards , and Steve Clay with 589 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Houston_Oilers_season', 'summary': 'The 1995 Houston Oilers season was the 36th season overall and 26th with the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team bested their previous seasons output of 2-14 , winning seven games , but failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season . The Oilers draft Quarterback Steve McNair with the third overall draft pick . However , McNair would start the season on the bench behind free agent signee Chris Chandler . Chandler would play solid football as the Oilers showed improvement in their first full year under Jeff Fisher finishing with a 7-9 record . However , the story of the season came on November 16th when Bud Adams announced plans to move the team to Nashville when the lease at the Astrodome expired in 1998 . The Oilers were the debut opponent of expansion team the Jacksonville Jaguars , just as they had been with the previous NFL expansion and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1976 .'}]}, {'value': 'Josh Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Evans_(defensive_lineman)', 'summary': "Mijoshki Antwon Evans ( born September 6 , 1972 in Langdale , Alabama ) is a former American football player . Evans played collegiately at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham , Alabama with whom he was a four-year starter . Evans was signed as an undrafted free agent in 1995 by the Houston Oilers and stayed with them during the franchise 's move to Tennessee . In 1999 , the Titans made it to Super Bowl XXXIV in which Evans started . However , they lost to the Kurt Warner-led St. Louis Rams . In 2000 , Evans served a one-year suspension for violating the league 's substance abuse policy . In 2002 , Evans signed to play with the New York Jets with whom he spent the last three seasons of his NFL career ."}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'UAB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_UAB_Blazers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1994 UAB Blazers football team represented the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) in the 1994 NCAA Division I-AA football season , and was the fourth team fielded by the school . The Blazers were led by head coach Jim Hilyer , who entered his fourth season as the UAB 's head coach . They played their home games at Legion Field in Birmingham , Alabama and competed as a Division I-AA Independent . The Blazers finished their second season at the I-AA level with a record of seven wins and four losses ( 7-4 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( I-AA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Houston Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Houston_Oilers_season', 'summary': 'The 1995 Houston Oilers season was the 36th season overall and 26th with the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team bested their previous seasons output of 2-14 , winning seven games , but failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season . The Oilers draft Quarterback Steve McNair with the third overall draft pick . However , McNair would start the season on the bench behind free agent signee Chris Chandler . Chandler would play solid football as the Oilers showed improvement in their first full year under Jeff Fisher finishing with a 7-9 record . However , the story of the season came on November 16th when Bud Adams announced plans to move the team to Nashville when the lease at the Astrodome expired in 1998 . The Oilers were the debut opponent of expansion team the Jacksonville Jaguars , just as they had been with the previous NFL expansion and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1976 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dennis Lundy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dennis_Lundy', 'summary': "Dennis Leonard Lundy ( born July 6 , 1972 ) is a former American football running back who played one season in the National Football League with the Houston Oilers and Chicago Bears . He played college football at Northwestern University and attended George D. Chamberlain High School in Tampa , Florida . He was sentenced to one month in prison and two years probation on May 5 , 1999 for lying to a federal grand jury investigating gambling by Northwestern athletes . Lundy admitted that he gambled on five games , while also deliberately fumbling the ball on the 1-yard line in a 1994 game against Iowa . He testified that the fumble was designed to win a $ 400 bet that the Wildcats would n't cover the point spread ."}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Northwestern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Northwestern_Wildcats_football_team', 'summary': "The 1994 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their third year under head coach Gary Barnett , the Wildcats compiled a 3-7-1 record ( 2-6 against Big Ten Conference opponents ) and finished in eighth place in the Big Ten Conference . The team 's offensive leaders were quarterback Steve Schnur with 899 passing yards , Dennis Lundy with 1,189 rushing yards , and Mike Senters with 385 receiving yards . Paul Burton was selected by the Associated Press as the first-team punter on the 1994 All-Big Ten Conference football team ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Indianapolis Colts season was the 43rd season for the team in the National Football League and 12th in Indianapolis . The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League 's 1995 season with a record of 9 wins and 7 losses , and finished tied for second in the AFC East division with the Miami Dolphins . However , the Colts finished ahead of Miami based on head-to-head sweep ( 2-0 ) . The Colts ' 9-7 record was good enough to get them into the playoffs for the first time since 1987 . They defeated the defending conference champion San Diego Chargers in their first playoff game , then upset the top-seeded Kansas City Chiefs in the Divisional Playoffs . The Colts would fall short in the AFC Championship Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers in a game that came down to the final play ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Morrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Morrison_(American_football)', 'summary': "Steven Craig Morrison ( born December 28 , 1971 ) is a retired professional American football linebacker who played for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) from 1995 to 1998 . He is currently the associate head coach/linebackers coach at Bowling Green Falcons football . He previously served as the linebackers coach for the Eastern Michigan Eagles football team , on the coaching staff at Western Michigan , and as the linebackers coach at Syracuse Orange football . Prior to these professional experiences , he had excelled in college football as an All-Big Ten Conference inside linebacker from 1990 to 1994 for the Michigan Wolverines , whom he served as captain . In high school , he had been a Detroit Free Press first-team All-State ( Michigan ) and second-team All-Midwest selection in football and an All-American in lacrosse . After retiring from professional football as a player , he gained his first two years of coaching experience as the defensive coordinator for Michigan High School Athletic Association football champion Brother Rice High School ( his high school alma mater ) . He then served as an assistant coach at the University of Michigan for three years . He then assumed a role as an assistant at Western Michigan University . At Western Michigan , he has served as the linebacker coach after spending a year as the defensive line coach . The 2009 Western Michigan Broncos season marked Morrison 's fifth season on the team 's staff , his fourth as linebacker coach and his second as defensive coordinator . He then went on to serve as the linebackers coach at Eastern Michigan and Syracuse . In 2019 , he was hired as the associate head coach/ linebackers coach at Bowling Green State University ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . Led by Gary Moeller in his last season as head coach , the Wolverines participated in the Holiday Bowl .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Indianapolis Colts season was the 43rd season for the team in the National Football League and 12th in Indianapolis . The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League 's 1995 season with a record of 9 wins and 7 losses , and finished tied for second in the AFC East division with the Miami Dolphins . However , the Colts finished ahead of Miami based on head-to-head sweep ( 2-0 ) . The Colts ' 9-7 record was good enough to get them into the playoffs for the first time since 1987 . They defeated the defending conference champion San Diego Chargers in their first playoff game , then upset the top-seeded Kansas City Chiefs in the Divisional Playoffs . The Colts would fall short in the AFC Championship Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers in a game that came down to the final play ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcus Pollard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Pollard', 'summary': 'Marcus LaJuan Pollard ( born February 8 , 1972 ) is a former American football tight end and current Director of Player Development and Youth Football for the Jacksonville Jaguars .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradley_Braves_football', 'summary': "The Bradley Braves are the intercollegiate athletics teams of Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , United States . The Braves ' athletic program is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference ( MVC ) and competes at the NCAA Division I level . The Bradley mascot is Kaboom ! the Gargoyle , and the school colors are red and white ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacksonville Jaguars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Jacksonville_Jaguars_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the franchise 's 1st season in the National Football League and the 1st under head coach Tom Coughlin . The Jaguars finished with a 4-12 record in their debut season and not making the playoffs . However , they ended the season on a high note defeating the Cleveland Browns 24-21 on December 24 of that year ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Hollis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hollis', 'summary': 'Michael Shane Hollis ( born May 22 , 1972 ) is a former professional American football placekicker in the National Football League . He spent most of his nine-year professional career with the Jacksonville Jaguars , kicking for the team from 1995-2001 and setting several team records . He then played for the Buffalo Bills and New York Giants before retiring after an injury in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Idaho_Vandals_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1994 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Vandals , led by sixth-year head coach John L. Smith , were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome , an indoor facility on campus in Moscow , Idaho . Led by quarterbacks Eric Hisaw and Brian Brennan , Idaho finished the regular season at 9-2 and 5-2 in the Big Sky , and the Vandals again made the Division I-AA playoffs .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 30th season as a professional football team , and 26th in the National Football League . This was coach Don Shula 's last season as head coach before retiring . They lost the AFC Wild Card Playoffs to the Buffalo Bills 37-22 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethan Albright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethan_Albright', 'summary': 'Lawrence Ethan Albright ( born May 1 , 1971 ) is a former American football long snapper who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for 16 seasons , primarily with the Washington Redskins . From 1995 to 2010 , he was a member of the Redskins for nine seasons , the Buffalo Bills for five seasons , and the Miami Dolphins and San Diego Chargers for one season each . Nicknamed The Red Snapper due to his position and his red hair , Albright played college football at North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'LS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_snapper', 'summary': "In gridiron football , the long snapper ( or deep snapper ) is a special teams specialist whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance , typically around 15 yards during punts , and 7-8 yards during field goals and extra point attempts . During field goal and point after touchdown attempts , the snap is received by the holder , typically 7-8 yards away . During punts , the snap is delivered to the punter from 13-15 yards away . Following a punt snap , the snapper often executes a blocking assignment and then must cover the kick by running downfield and attempting to stop the opposing team 's punt returner from advancing the ball in the opposite direction . If the punt goes uncaught , it is the snapper 's responsibility to make sure the ball does not enter the end zone or bounce backward resulting in loss of yards . The majority of snappers at the highest levels of competition are specialized , meaning that they uniquely play the position of snapper , or have limited responsibilities elsewhere . A good punt snap should hit the target -- the punter 's hands at the abdomen or waistline -- between .65 and .75 seconds and with a tight spiral for easy handling . A bad snap is an off-target snap which causes the delay or failure of a kick or forces the punter into some other potentially compromising situation ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Tar Heels played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium in Chapel Hill , North Carolina and competed in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The team was led by head coach Mack Brown .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 30th season as a professional football team , and 26th in the National Football League . This was coach Don Shula 's last season as head coach before retiring . They lost the AFC Wild Card Playoffs to the Buffalo Bills 37-22 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kirby Dar Dar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirby_Dar_Dar', 'summary': 'Kirby David Dar Dar ( born March 27 , 1972 ) is a retired American professional football wide receiver . He played college football at Syracuse as a running back . He was signed by the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League ( NFL ) as an undrafted rookie free agent in 1995 . He also played for the New York/New Jersey Hitmen of the XFL in 2001 . Dar Dar currently resides in Syracuse , New York and was the head coach of the short-lived Syracuse Soldiers of the American Indoor Football Association ( AIFL ) in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Syracuse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Syracuse_Orange_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Syracuse Orangemen football team competed in football on behalf of Syracuse University during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Orangemen were coached by Paul Pasqualoni and played their home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1995 Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 30th season as a professional football team , and 26th in the National Football League . This was coach Don Shula 's last season as head coach before retiring . They lost the AFC Wild Card Playoffs to the Buffalo Bills 37-22 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brent Moss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brent_Moss', 'summary': 'Brent Moss ( born January 30 , 1972 ) is a former American football running back for the Wisconsin Badgers from 1991-1994 . Moss also spent some time in the NFL with the Miami Dolphins and St. Louis Rams .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were led by fifth year head coach Barry Alvarez and participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Minnesota_Vikings_season', 'summary': "The 1995 season was the Minnesota Vikings ' 35th in the National Football League . Under head coach Dennis Green , they finished with an 8-8 record and still had a chance to make the playoffs entering Week 17 at Cincinnati ; however , victories for the Bears and the Falcons in their final games rendered the Vikings ' defeat to the Bengals inconsequential , and Minnesota missed the playoffs for the first time under Green . Despite the team 's poor play , rookie safety Orlando Thomas recorded a league-leading 9 interceptions of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg DeLong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_DeLong', 'summary': 'Gregory Andrew DeLong ( born April 3 , 1973 ) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League . He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 1995 . He played college football at North Carolina . DeLong also played for the Baltimore Ravens and Jacksonville Jaguars .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Tar Heels played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium in Chapel Hill , North Carolina and competed in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The team was led by head coach Mack Brown .'}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_New_York_Jets_season', 'summary': 'The 1995 New York Jets season was the 36th season for the team and the 26th in the National Football League . The Jets entered the 1995 season with their third different head coach in as many years as former Philadelphia Eagles head coach Rich Kotite was hired to replace Pete Carroll , who was fired after posting a 6-10 record in his only season as Jets head coach . Kotite did not have any success in his first year , as the team finished 3-13 . The 13 losses set a team record , while the three wins were the fewest of any Jets team since 1977 , when the team completed their third consecutive 3-11 season . Starting with their October 1 game against the Oakland Raiders , the Jets began wearing a DS graphic in the shape of a football as a memorial to general manager Dick Steinberg , who had died on September 25 from stomach cancer .'}]}, {'value': 'Chad Cascadden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chad_Cascadden', 'summary': "Chad Stevens Cascadden ( born May 14 , 1972 ) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker from 1995-1999 for the New York Jets . Cascadden scored the first and only touchdown of his career on December 13th , 1998 , when he recovered a fumble in the 4th quarter from Miami 's Dan Marino and returned it 23 yards for the game winning score . Currently serves as Principal of Integro Insurance Brokers located at 1 State Street Plaza in NYC and is also a TV Analyst for SNY Jets Post Game Live ! Chad graduated from Chippewa Falls Senior High School in Chippewa Falls Wisconsin and has a BS in Kinesiology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1994 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were led by fifth year head coach Barry Alvarez and participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers played their home games at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_New_York_Jets_season', 'summary': 'The 1995 New York Jets season was the 36th season for the team and the 26th in the National Football League . The Jets entered the 1995 season with their third different head coach in as many years as former Philadelphia Eagles head coach Rich Kotite was hired to replace Pete Carroll , who was fired after posting a 6-10 record in his only season as Jets head coach . Kotite did not have any success in his first year , as the team finished 3-13 . The 13 losses set a team record , while the three wins were the fewest of any Jets team since 1977 , when the team completed their third consecutive 3-11 season . Starting with their October 1 game against the Oakland Raiders , the Jets began wearing a DS graphic in the shape of a football as a memorial to general manager Dick Steinberg , who had died on September 25 from stomach cancer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wayne Chrebet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Chrebet', 'summary': 'Wayne Chrebet ( born August 14 , 1973 ) is a former American football wide receiver who played 11 seasons for the New York Jets of the National Football League from 1995 to 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Hofstra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hofstra_Pride_football', 'summary': "The Hofstra Pride football ( formerly the Hofstra Flying Dutchmen ) program was the intercollegiate American football team for Hofstra University located in Hempstead , New York . The team competed in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and were members of the Colonial Athletic Association . The school 's first football team was fielded in 1937 . Hofstra participated in football from 1937 to 2009 , compiling an all-time record of 403-268-11 . On December 3 , 2009 , the university announced it was terminating the football program . Under NCAA rules , any football players who chose to transfer to other schools were eligible to play immediately , and not subjected to normal residency waiting periods . Scholarship-holders who wished to stay at Hofstra were permitted to keep their scholarships . Funds previously used for the football program went into the creation of the medical school , and enhancing a variety of programs , including public health , hard sciences and engineering ."}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( Div . III )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_independent_schools', 'summary': "NCAA Division III independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the NCAA 's Division III level , but do so independently of an established athletic conference . These institutions often compete as members of an intercollegiate athletic conference in some sports . The reason for independent status varies among institutions , but it is frequently because the school 's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '† = Pro Bowler [ N 1 ]', 'uid': '1995_NFL_Draft_2', 'intro': "The 1995 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 22-23, 1995 at the Paramount Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. At the time of the draft, the Raiders were still based in Los Angeles. They would officially return to Oakland after a 13-year hiatus in July 1995. Additionally, the former Los Angeles Rams had gotten approval to move to St. Louis shortly before the draft on April 13 (they would return to Los Angeles in 2016). The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season. There were 32 picks in the first round of this draft as the two expansion teams each received two extra picks between the first and second rounds. The Carolina Panthers, having selected second in the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft, were awarded the first overall pick in this draft and the Jacksonville Jaguars, having picked first in the expansion draft, selected second. The Panthers, however, traded their number one pick to the Cincinnati Bengals for the Bengals' fifth overall pick and their fourth pick in the second round. The Panthers were also stripped of two later supplemental picks, numbers 61 and 191, for improperly recruiting the Pittsburgh Steelers Defensive Coordinator, Dom Capers, as their Head Coach. This marked only the third time to date in NFL History that two Hall of Fame players were selected by the same team in the same round (the other being the Bears in 1965 draft and the Ravens in the 1996 NFL Draft.)"}
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Which team drafted the player who also played for the Frankfurt Galaxy ?
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Dallas Cowboys
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02d595be90280ff9
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inductees_of_Canada's_Walk_of_Fame", 'title': "List of inductees of Canada's Walk of Fame", 'header': ['Year', 'Name', 'Area of Recognition', 'Achievements'], 'data': [{'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972 Canadian Summit Series hockey team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summit_Series', 'summary': "The Summit Series , or Super Series ( in Russian Суперсерия СССР - Канада ; Superseriya SSSR - Canada ) , known at the time simply as the Canada-USSR Series , was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada , held in September 1972 . It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , known as Team Canada . It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) . The series was organized with the intention to create a true best-on-best competition in the sport of ice hockey . The Soviets had become the dominant team in international competitions , which disallowed the professional players of Canada . Canada had had a long history of dominance of the sport prior to the Soviets ' rise . The first four games of the series were held in Canada and the final four in Moscow . The Soviet Union surprised the Canadian team and most of the Canadian hockey media with an opening game victory , 7-3 . Many Canadian sportswriters had predicted an overwhelming victory for Canada in the series . Canada won the next game 4-1 ; the third game was a tie and the Soviets won game four to take a two games to one lead after the Canadian segment . The series resumed two weeks later in Moscow . The Soviets won game five to take a three games to one series lead ."}]}, {'value': 'Team , ice hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Defeated the Soviet Union in the 1972 Summit Series , an eight game series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union_national_ice_hockey_team', 'summary': 'The Soviet national ice hockey team ( Russian : Сборная СССР по хоккею с шайбой ) was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union . The team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) tournament they competed in . After 1991 , the Soviet team competed as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and as the Commonwealth of Independent States at the 1992 World Championship . In 1993 , it was replaced by national teams for Belarus , Estonia , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Russia and Ukraine . The IIHF recognized the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union hockey federation and passed its ranking on to Russia . The other national hockey teams were considered new and sent to compete in Pool C. The IIHF Centennial All-Star Team included four Soviet-Russian players out of a team of six : goalie Vladislav Tretiak , defenseman Vyacheslav Fetisov and forwards Valeri Kharlamov and Sergei Makarov who played for the Soviet teams in the 1970s and the 1980s were selected for the team in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Summit_Series', 'summary': "The Summit Series , or Super Series ( in Russian Суперсерия СССР - Канада ; Superseriya SSSR - Canada ) , known at the time simply as the Canada-USSR Series , was an eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada , held in September 1972 . It was the first competition between the Soviet national team and a Canadian team represented by professional players of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , known as Team Canada . It was the first international ice hockey competition for Canada after Canada had withdrawn from international ice hockey competitions in a dispute with the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) . The series was organized with the intention to create a true best-on-best competition in the sport of ice hockey . The Soviets had become the dominant team in international competitions , which disallowed the professional players of Canada . Canada had had a long history of dominance of the sport prior to the Soviets ' rise . The first four games of the series were held in Canada and the final four in Moscow . The Soviet Union surprised the Canadian team and most of the Canadian hockey media with an opening game victory , 7-3 . Many Canadian sportswriters had predicted an overwhelming victory for Canada in the series . Canada won the next game 4-1 ; the third game was a tie and the Soviets won game four to take a two games to one lead after the Canadian segment . The series resumed two weeks later in Moscow . The Soviets won game five to take a three games to one series lead ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryan Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Adams', 'summary': "Bryan Guy Adams OC OBC ( born 5 November 1959 ) is a Canadian singer , songwriter , record producer , guitarist , photographer , philanthropist , and activist . He rose to fame in Canada and the United States with his 1983 album Cuts Like a Knife and turned into a global star with his 1984 album Reckless , which produced some of his best known songs , including Run to You , Summer of '69 , and his first number one , Heaven . In 1991 , he released the album Waking Up the Neighbours , which included the song ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You . The song became a worldwide hit and reached number 1 in many countries , including a new record of 16 consecutive weeks in the United Kingdom . Adams also had the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Please Forgive Me , All for Love and Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman ? For his contributions to music , Adams has garnered many awards and nominations , including 20 Juno Awards among 56 nominations and 15 Grammy Award nominations including a win for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television in 1992 . He has also won MTV , ASCAP , American Music awards , three Ivor Novello Awards for song composition , and has been nominated five times for Golden Globe Awards and three times for Academy Awards for his songwriting for films . Adams was awarded the Order of Canada and the Order of British Columbia for contributions to popular music and philanthropic work via his own foundation , which helps improve education for people around the world . Adams was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2011 and Canada 's Walk of Fame , Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame in 1998 , and in April 2006 he was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame at Canada 's Juno Awards . In 2008 , Adams was ranked 38th on the list of all-time top artists in the Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts . On 13 January 2010 , he received the Allan Waters Humanitarian Award for his part in numerous charitable concerts and campaigns during his career , and on 1 May 2010 was given the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award for his 30 years of contributions to the arts ."}]}, {'value': 'Musician', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won a Grammy Award , nominated for three Academy Awards for songwriting ; also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Adams was unable to attend his 1998 induction and was later honoured at a ceremony in 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song', 'summary': 'The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film . The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music , lyrics or both in their own right . The songs that are nominated for this award are performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented . The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards , the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934 . Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers , and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood , California . The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry , bearing the names of a mix of musicians , actors , directors , producers , musical and theatrical groups , fictional characters , and others . The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust . It is a popular tourist destination , with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003 . The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pamela Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pamela_Anderson', 'summary': "Pamela Denise Anderson ( born July 1 , 1967 ) is a Canadian-American actress , model and animal rights activist . Anderson is best known for her appearances in Playboy magazine and for her work on the television series Home Improvement , Baywatch , and V.I.P . She initially rose to fame after being selected as the February 1990 Playmate of the Month for Playboy magazine . Anderson went on to frequent appearances on the magazine 's cover , holding the record of the most Playboy covers by any person . She became known to a wider audience in 1991 , appearing as a recurring character , Lisa , on the award-winning ABC comedy series Home Improvement for its first two seasons . She received international recognition for her starring role as C. J. Parker in the action-drama television series Baywatch , further cementing her status as a sex symbol . Anderson has appeared in films such as Raw Justice ( 1994 ) , Barb Wire ( 1996 ) , and Blonde and Blonder ( 2008 ) . She was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame in 2006 . Anderson is a prominent activist for the animal rights movement and has conducted campaigns condemning the commercial fur industry and promoting veganism through the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Actress ; model', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Five-time Playboy cover girl ; also noted for her role in Baywatch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Playboy', 'summary': "Playboy is an American men 's lifestyle and entertainment magazine . It was founded in Chicago in 1953 , by Hugh Hefner and his associates , and funded in part by a $ 1,000 loan from Hefner 's mother . Notable for its centerfolds of nude and semi-nude models ( Playmates ) , Playboy played an important role in the sexual revolution and remains one of the world 's best-known brands , having grown into Playboy Enterprises , Inc. ( PEI ) , with a presence in nearly every medium . In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States , special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide . The magazine has a long history of publishing short stories by novelists such as Arthur C. Clarke , Ian Fleming , Vladimir Nabokov , Saul Bellow , Chuck Palahniuk , P. G. Wodehouse , Roald Dahl , Haruki Murakami , and Margaret Atwood . With a regular display of full-page color cartoons , it became a showcase for notable cartoonists , including Harvey Kurtzman , Jack Cole , Eldon Dedini , Jules Feiffer , Shel Silverstein , Erich Sokol , Roy Raymonde , Gahan Wilson , and Rowland B. Wilson . Playboy features monthly interviews of notable public figures , such as artists , architects , economists , composers , conductors , film directors , journalists , novelists , playwrights , religious figures , politicians , athletes , and race car drivers . The magazine generally reflects a liberal editorial stance , although it often interviews conservative celebrities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Baywatch', 'summary': 'Baywatch is an American action drama television series about the Los Angeles County lifeguards as well as Hawaii Lifeguards who patrol the beaches of Los Angeles County , California and Hawaii , starring David Hasselhoff . The show was cancelled after its first season on NBC , but survived through syndication and later became the most-watched television show in the world . The show ran in its original title and format from 1989 to 1999 . From 1999 to 2001 , with a setting change and large cast overhaul , it was known as Baywatch : Hawaii . The series focuses on both professional and personal challenges faced by the characters .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Anka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Anka', 'summary': "Paul Albert Anka ( born July 30 , 1941 ) OC is a Canadian singer , songwriter and actor of Syrian and Lebanese descent . Anka became famous with hit songs like Diana , Lonely Boy , Put Your Head on My Shoulder , and ( You 're ) Having My Baby . He wrote such well-known music as the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and one of Tom Jones 's biggest hits , She 's a Lady . He also wrote the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux 's music for Frank Sinatra 's signature song , My Way , which has been recorded by many , including Elvis Presley . In 1983 , he co-wrote the song I Never Heard with Michael Jackson . It was retitled and released in 2009 , under the name This Is It . An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from the 1983 session , Love Never Felt So Good , was released in 2014 on Jackson 's posthumous album Xscape . The song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984 . Anka became a naturalized US citizen in 1990 ."}]}, {'value': 'Singer , songwriter', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Credited with writing over 900 songs , member of the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame ; also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood , California . The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry , bearing the names of a mix of musicians , actors , directors , producers , musical and theatrical groups , fictional characters , and others . The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust . It is a popular tourist destination , with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003 . The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louise Arbour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louise_Arbour', 'summary': 'Louise Arbour , CC GOQ ( born February 10 , 1947 ) is a Canadian lawyer , prosecutor and jurist . She is currently the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for International Migration . Arbour was the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights , a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Court of Appeal for Ontario and a former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda . From 2009 until 2014 , she served as President and CEO of the International Crisis Group . She made history with the indictment of a sitting head of state , Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milošević , as well as the first prosecution of sexual assault as the articles of crimes against humanity .'}]}, {'value': 'Jurist , lawyer/Philanthropy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1999 to 2004 ; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 2004 to 2008 ; Companion of the Order of Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada . It was established by the Parliament of Canada through the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act of 1875 . Since 1949 , the Court has been the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system . Originally composed of six justices ( the Chief Justice of Canada and five puisne justices ) , the Court was expanded to seven justices by the creation of an additional puisne justice position in 1927 , and then to nine justices by the creation of two more puisne justice positions in 1949 . The justices are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister . When a chief justice leaves office , the vacancy is traditionally filled by elevating an incumbent puisne justice to the position , which requires a separate appointment process . The first six justices of the Court were all appointed in 1875 by Governor General the Earl of Dufferin , on the advice of Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie . Of the nine justices , three positions are required by law to be held by judges who are either judges of the superior courts of Quebec , or members of the Bar of Quebec , at the time of their appointment . Traditionally , three of the remaining judges are appointed from Ontario , two from the four western provinces , and one from the Atlantic provinces . The judges from these provinces , other than Quebec , must have been a judge of a superior court , or a member of the bar of one of those provinces for ten or more years prior to the appointment . Since the Supreme Court was created in 1875 , 88 persons have served on the Court . The length of overall service on the Court for the 79 non-incumbent justices ranges from Sir Lyman Duff 's 37 years , 101 days , to the 232-day tenure of John Douglas Armour ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights', 'summary': 'The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights , commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR ) or the UN Human Rights Office , is a department of the Secretariat of the United Nations that works to promote and protect the human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 . The office was established by the UN General Assembly on 20 December 1993 in the wake of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights . The office is headed by the High Commissioner for Human Rights , who co-ordinates human rights activities throughout the UN System and acts as the secretariat of the Human Rights Council in Geneva , Switzerland . The current High Commissioner is Michelle Bachelet of Chile , who succeeded Zeid Raad Al Hussein of Jordan on 1 September 2018 . In 2018-2019 , the department had a budget of US $ 201.6 million ( 3.7% of the regular UN budget ) , and approximately 1,300 employees based in Geneva and New York City . It is an ex officio member of the Committee of the United Nations Development Group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denys Arcand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denys_Arcand', 'summary': "Georges-Henri Denys Arcand CC GOQ ( French : [ dəni aʁkɑ̃ ] ; born June 25 , 1941 ) is a French Canadian film director , screenwriter and producer . His film The Barbarian Invasions won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film in 2004 . His films have also been nominated three further times , including two nominations in the same category for The Decline of the American Empire in 1986 and Jesus of Montreal in 1989 , becoming the only French-Canadian director in history whose films have received this number of nominations and , subsequently , to have a film win the award . Also for The Barbarian Invasions , he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay , losing to Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation . During his four decades career , he became the most globally recognized director from Quebec , winning many awards from the Cannes Film Festival , including the Best Screenplay Award , the Jury Prize , and many other prestigious awards worldwide . He won three César Awards in 2004 for The Barbarian Invasions : Best Director , Best Original Screenplay and Best Film , being the only Canadian director to have accomplished this . Arcand has directed three Canadian films that have received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Film and three films in the Toronto International Film Festival 's 2004 list of the top 10 Canadian films of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Director', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'His 2003 film The Barbarian Invasions won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ; Companion of the Order of Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Barbarian_Invasions', 'summary': "The Barbarian Invasions ( French : Les Invasions barbares ) is a 2003 Canadian-French sex comedy-drama film written and directed by Denys Arcand and starring Rémy Girard , Stéphane Rousseau and Marie-Josée Croze . The film is a sequel to Arcand 's 1986 film The Decline of the American Empire , continuing the story of the character Rémy , a womanizing history professor now terminally ill with cancer . The sequel was a result of Arcand 's longtime desire to make a film about a character close to death , also incorporating a response to the September 11 attacks of 2001 . It was produced by companies from both Canada and France , and shot mainly in Montreal , also employing a former hospital and property near Lake Memphremagog . The film received a positive response from critics and became one of Arcand 's biggest financial successes . It was the first Canadian film to win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , at the 76th Academy Awards in 2004 . It won awards at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival , six Genie Awards , including Best Motion Picture , and three César Awards , including Best Film . The Barbarian Invasions was followed by the thematically related Days of Darkness in 2007 and The Fall of the American Empire in 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film', 'summary': "The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film ( known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020 ) is one of the Academy Awards handed out annually by the U.S.-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States with a predominantly non-English dialogue track . When the first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16 , 1929 , to honor films released in 1927/28 , there was no separate category for foreign language films . Between 1947 and 1955 , the Academy presented Special/Honorary Awards to the best foreign language films released in the United States . These awards , however , were not handed out on a regular basis ( no award was given in 1953 ) , and were not competitive since there were no nominees but simply one winning film per year . For the 1956 ( 29th ) Academy Awards , a competitive Academy Award of Merit , known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award , was created for non-English speaking films , and has been given annually since then . Unlike other Academy Awards , the International Feature Film award is not presented to a specific individual ( although it is accepted on-stage by its director ) , but is considered an award for the submitting country as a whole . Over the years , the Best International Feature Film Award and its predecessors have been given predominantly to European films : out of the seventy-two awards handed out by the Academy since 1947 to foreign language films , fifty-seven have gone to European films , seven to Asian films , five to films from the Americas and three to African films . Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini directed four Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award-winning motion pictures during his lifetime , a record that remains unmatched as of 2015 [ update ] ( if Special Awards are taken into account , then Fellini 's record is tied by his countryman Vittorio De Sica ) . The most awarded foreign country is Italy , with 14 awards won ( including three Special Awards ) and 28 nominations , while France is the foreign country with the largest number of nominations ( 37 for 12 wins , including three Special Awards ) . Israel is the foreign country with the largest number of nominations ( 10 ) without winning an award , while Portugal has the largest number of submissions ( 34 ) without a nomination ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jann Arden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jann_Arden', 'summary': 'Jann Arden , CM ( born Jann Arden Anne Richards ; March 27 , 1962 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress . She is famous for her signature ballads , Could I Be Your Girl and Insensitive , which is her biggest hit to date .'}]}, {'value': 'Musician', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner of eight Juno Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Award', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards are presented annually to Canadian musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music . New members of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame are also inducted as part of the awards ceremonies . Members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ( CARAS ) , or a panel of experts , depending on the award , choose the award winners . However , sales figures are the sole basis for determining the winners of nine of the forty-two categories like Album of the Year or Artist of the Year . CARAS members determine the nominees for Single of the Year , Artist and Group of the Year . A judge vote by experts in the relevant genre , determines the nominees for the remaining categories . The names of the judges remain confidential . The judges represent all facets of the Canadian music industry . They are spread across the country and include of men and women , and speakers of both official languages ( English and French ) . No person can judge the same category two years in a row .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Will Arnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Will_Arnett', 'summary': 'William Emerson Arnett ( /ɑːrˈnɛt/ ; born May 4 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian and producer . He is best known for his role as BoJack Horseman in the Netflix series BoJack Horseman and George Oscar Gob Bluth II in the Fox/Netflix series Arrested Development ( 2003-2006 , 2013 , 2018-2019 ) , receiving a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . He has appeared in films such as Blades of Glory ( 2007 ) , Hot Rod ( 2007 ) and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( 2014 ) . His performance as Devon Banks in 30 Rock earned him four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series nominations . His deep , smooth baritone voice has landed him prolific roles within animation , including Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) , Ratatouille ( 2007 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) , Monsters vs. Aliens ( 2009 ) , Despicable Me ( 2010 ) , and as Batman in the Lego Movie franchise . He also serves as an executive producer and voices the titular character of the Netflix series BoJack Horseman ( 2014-2020 ) , for which he won an Annie Award at the 46th Annie Awards . His involvement with The LEGO Group continues as Fox Network announced him as the host of their show LEGO Masters , which premiered on February 5 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenojuak Ashevak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenojuak_Ashevak', 'summary': 'Kenojuak Ashevak , CC ONu ( Inuktitut : ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᖅ ᐋᓯᕙᒃ Qinnuajuaq Aasivak , October 3 , 1927 - January 8 , 2013 ) was an Inuit artist . She is regarded as a pioneer of modern Inuit art .'}]}, {'value': 'Painter , sculptor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Companion of the Order of Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Margaret Atwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margaret_Atwood', 'summary': "Margaret Eleanor Atwood CH CC OOnt CH FRSC ( born November 18 , 1939 ) is a Canadian poet , novelist , literary critic , essayist , inventor , teacher , and environmental activist . Since 1961 , she has published 18 books of poetry , 18 novels , 11 books of non-fiction , nine collections of short fiction , eight children 's books , and two graphic novels , as well as a number of small press editions of both poetry and fiction . Atwood has won numerous awards and honors for her writing , including the Booker Prize ( twice ) , Arthur C. Clarke Award , Governor General 's Award , Franz Kafka Prize , and the National Book Critics and PEN Center USA Lifetime Achievement Awards . A number of her works have been adapted for film and television , increasing her exposure . Atwood 's works encompass a variety of themes including gender and identity , religion and myth , the power of language , climate change , and power politics . Many of her poems are inspired by myths and fairy tales which interested her from a very early age . Atwood is a founder of the Griffin Poetry Prize and Writers ' Trust of Canada . She is also a Senior Fellow of Massey College , Toronto . Atwood is also the inventor and developer of the LongPen and associated technologies that facilitate remote robotic writing of documents ."}]}, {'value': 'Author', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won the Booker Prize for The Blind Assassin , companion of the Order of Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Man_Booker_Prize', 'summary': 'The Booker Prize for Fiction , formerly known as the Booker-McConnell Prize ( 1969-2001 ) and the Man Booker Prize ( 2002-2019 ) , is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original novel written in the English language and published in the United Kingdom . The winner of the Booker Prize is generally assured international renown and success ; therefore , the prize is of great significance for the book trade . From its inception , only novels written by Commonwealth , Irish , and South African ( and later Zimbabwean ) citizens were eligible to receive the prize ; in 2014 it was widened to any English-language novel - a change that proved controversial . A high-profile literary award in British culture , the Booker Prize is greeted with anticipation and fanfare . It is also a mark of distinction for authors to be selected for inclusion in the shortlist or even to be nominated for the longlist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Blind_Assassin', 'summary': 'The Blind Assassin is a novel by the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood . It was first published by McClelland and Stewart in 2000 . Set in Canada , it is narrated from the present day , referring to previous events that span the twentieth century . The work was awarded the Man Booker Prize in 2000 and the Hammett Prize in 2001 and also received a number of other nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dan Aykroyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd', 'summary': 'Daniel Edward Aykroyd , CM OOnt ( /ˈækrɔɪd/ AK-royd ; born July 1 , 1952 ) is a Canadian actor , producer , comedian , musician , and filmmaker who was an original member of the Not Ready for Prime Time Players on Saturday Night Live ( 1975-1979 ) . A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL , the Blues Brothers , turned into an actual performing band and then the 1980 film The Blues Brothers . He conceived and starred in Ghostbusters ( 1984 ) , which spawned a sequel and eventually an entire media franchise . In 1990 , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy . He starred in his own sitcom , Soul Man ( 1997-1998 ) . Aykroyd is also a businessman , having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand .'}]}, {'value': 'Actor , comedian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1989 for Driving Miss Daisy ; charter member of Saturday Night Live', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor', 'summary': "The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ( often referred to as the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor ) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry . The award was traditionally presented by the previous year 's Best Supporting Actress winner . At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937 , Walter Brennan was the first winner of this award for his role in Come and Get It . Initially , winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded plaques instead of statuettes . Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944 , however , winners received full-sized statuettes . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . Since its inception , the award has been given to 74 actors . Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards . Brennan , Jeff Bridges , Robert Duvall , Arthur Kennedy , Jack Nicholson , Claude Rains , and Al Pacino were nominated on four occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2020 ceremony , Brad Pitt is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Cliff Booth in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy', 'summary': "Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry , based on Uhry 's play of the same name . The film stars Jessica Tandy , Morgan Freeman , and Dan Aykroyd . Freeman reprised his role from the original Off-Broadway production . The story defines Daisy and her point of view through a network of relationships and emotions by focusing on her home life , synagogue , friends , family , fears , and concerns over a twenty five year period . Driving Miss Daisy was a critical and commercial success upon its release and at the 62nd Academy Awards received nine nominations , and won four ; Best Picture , Best Actress ( for Tandy ) , Best Makeup , and Best Adapted Screenplay ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live', 'summary': "Saturday Night Live ( known as SNL ) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol . The show premiered on NBC on October 11 , 1975 , under the original title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show 's comedy sketches , which often parody contemporary culture and politics , are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members . Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest , who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest . An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming , Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! , properly beginning the show . In 1980 , Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities . He was replaced by Jean Doumanian , who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews . Ebersol ran the show until 1985 . Since Michaels ' return he has held the job of show-runner . Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show , and achieved success in film and television , both in front of and behind the camera . Others associated with the show , such as writers , have gone on to successful careers creating , writing , and starring in television and film . Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC 's headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza , SNL has aired 884 episodes since its debut , and began its forty-fifth season on September 28 , 2019 , making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Randy Bachman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Randy_Bachman', 'summary': 'Randolph Charles Bachman , OC OM ( /ˈbækmən/ ; born September 27 , 1943 ) is a Canadian musician , lead guitarist , songwriter and a founding member of classic rock band The Guess Who and hard rock band Bachman-Turner Overdrive . Bachman was also a member of Brave Belt , Union and Ironhorse , and has recorded as a solo artist . He is also a national radio personality on CBC Radio , hosting the weekly music show , Vinyl Tap . [ citation needed ] Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Musician , singer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Has earned 120 gold and platinum album/singles awards and sold over 40 million records worldwide as a solo artist and various bands , including The Guess Who and Bachman-Turner Overdrive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Guess_Who', 'summary': "The Guess Who is a Canadian rock band , formed in Winnipeg in 1965 . Initially gaining recognition in Canada , the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles , including No Time , American Woman , Laughing , These Eyes , Undun and Share the Land . The band have continued to perform and record to the present day , and at various times have included many well-known musicians , including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman ( of Bachman-Turner Overdrive ) . Formed as a garage rock band , their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres . The band was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1987 . In 2002 , Randy Bachman , Burton Cummings , Garry Peterson , Donnie McDougall and Bill Wallace received the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement for The Guess Who 's contribution to popular music in Canada ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bachman-Turner_Overdrive', 'summary': "Bachman-Turner Overdrive , often abbreviated as BTO , was a Canadian rock group from Winnipeg , Manitoba , who had a series of hit albums and singles in the 1970s , selling over 7 million albums in that decade alone . Their 1970s catalogue included five Top 40 albums and six US Top 40 singles ( eleven in Canada ) . The band has sold nearly 30 million albums worldwide , and has fans affectionately known as gearheads ( derived from the band 's gear-shaped logo ) . Many of their songs , including Let It Ride , You Ai n't Seen Nothing Yet , Takin ' Care of Business , Hey You , and Roll on Down the Highway , still receive play on classic-rock stations . The original lineup consisted of Randy Bachman ( lead guitar , lead vocals ) , Fred Turner ( bass guitar , lead vocals ) , Tim Bachman ( guitar , vocals ) and Robbie Bachman ( drums ) . This lineup released two albums in 1973 . The second and most commercially successful lineup featured Blair Thornton ( lead guitar ) , in place of Tim Bachman . This lineup released four albums between 1974 and 1977 , including two that reached the Top 5 in the U.S. pop charts , as well as the band 's only U.S. No . 1 single ( You Ai n't Seen Nothing Yet ) . Subsequent lineups enjoyed only moderate success . After the band went into a hiatus in 2005 , Randy Bachman and Fred Turner reunited in 2009 to tour and collaborate on a new album . In 2010 , they played the halftime show at the Grey Cup in Edmonton ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donovan Bailey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donovan_Bailey', 'summary': "Donovan Bailey , OOnt ( born December 16 , 1967 ) is a retired Jamaican-Canadian sprinter , who once held the world record for the 100 metres . He recorded a time of 9.84 seconds to win the gold medal at the 1996 Olympic Games . He was the first Canadian to legally break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m. Particularly noted for his top speed , Bailey ran 27.07 mph ( 12.10 m/s ) in his 1996 Olympic title run , the fastest ever recorded by a human at the time . He was inducted into Canada 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2004 as an individual athlete and in 2008 as part of the 1996 Summer Olympics 4x100 relay team . In 2005 , he was also inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Athlete , sprinter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Band', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Band', 'summary': "The Band was a Canadian-American roots rock group including Rick Danko ( bass guitar , vocals , fiddle ) , Garth Hudson ( keyboards , accordion , saxophone ) , Richard Manuel ( keyboards , drums , vocals ) , Robbie Robertson ( guitar , vocals ) , and Levon Helm ( drums , vocals , mandolin , guitar ) . Their time backing Bob Dylan was when they first reached prominence ( as well as providing The Band their name ) , but they were originally formed as The Hawks , a backing band for rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins . They joined Hawkins one by one between 1958 and 1963 . In 1964 , they separated from Hawkins ( and subsequently The Hawks ) , after which they toured and released a few singles as Levon and the Hawks and the Canadian Squires . The next year , Bob Dylan hired them for his U.S. tour in 1965 and world tour in 1966 . Following the 1966 tour , the group moved with help from Dylan and his manager , Albert Grossman , to Saugerties , New York , where they made the informal 1967 recordings that became The Basement Tapes , the basis for their 1968 debut album , Music from Big Pink . Because they were always the band to various frontmen and the locals in Woodstock , Helm said the name the Band worked well when the group came into its own . [ a ] The group began performing as the Band in 1968 and went on to release ten studio albums . Dylan continued to collaborate with the Band over the course of their career , including a joint 1974 tour . The original configuration of The Band ended its touring career in 1976 with an elaborate performance at Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco , California , that featured numerous musical celebrities of the era . This performance was filmed for Martin Scorsese 's 1978 documentary The Last Waltz . Although the members of the group intended to continue working on studio projects , they drifted apart after the release of Islands in March 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Musicians', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ; Honoured with The Recording Academy 's Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Music_Hall_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The Canadian Music Hall of Fame was established in 1978 by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ( CARAS ) to honour Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements in music . The award presentation is held each year as part of the Juno Award ceremonies . Since 2012 , the inductee also performs at the ceremony as the final performer . A hall facility was opened in Calgary in 2016 located within The National Music Centre in Calgary , Alberta . It can be found on level five of the Studio Bell , a floor entirely dedicated to celebrating and recognizing Canadian music creators and artists who have left their mark on this country and beyond .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame', 'summary': "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ( RRHOF ) is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , on the shore of Lake Erie . The museum documents the history of rock music and the artists , producers , engineers , and other notable figures who have influenced its development . The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20 , 1983 , by Ahmet Ertegun , founder and chairman of Atlantic Records . After a long search for the right city , Cleveland was chosen in 1986 as the Hall of Fame 's permanent home . Architect I. M. Pei designed the new museum , and it was dedicated on September 1 , 1995 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award', 'summary': 'The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is a special Grammy Award that is awarded by The Recording Academy to performers who , during their lifetimes , have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording . This award is distinct from the Grammy Hall of Fame Award , which honors specific recordings rather than individuals , and the Grammy Trustees Award , which honors non-performers .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frances Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frances_Bay', 'summary': "Frances Evelyn Bay ( née Goffman ; January 23 , 1919 - September 15 , 2011 ) was a Canadian-American character actress . In a career that spanned 35 years , she acted in a variety of roles both in film and television . Bay was inducted in Canada 's Walk of Fame in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won a Gemini Award for Road to Avonlea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gemini_Award', 'summary': "The Gemini Awards were awards given by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television to recognize the achievements of Canada 's television industry . The Gemini Awards are analogous to the Emmy Awards given in the United States and the BAFTA Television Awards in the United Kingdom . First held in 1986 to replace the ACTRA Award , the ceremony celebrated Canadian television productions with awards in 87 categories , along with other special awards such as lifetime achievement awards . In April 2012 , the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television announced that the Gemini Awards and the Genie Awards would be discontinued and replaced by a new award ceremony dedicated to all forms of Canadian media , including television , film , and digital media . The first Canadian Screen Awards were held on 4 March 2013 . The Geminis covered only English-language productions . The Academy also organizes a separate awards show for French productions known as the Prix Gémeaux ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Road_to_Avonlea', 'summary': "Road to Avonlea is a Canadian television series first broadcast in Canada between January 7 , 1990 , and March 31 , 1996 , and in the United States starting on March 5 , 1990 . The program was created by Kevin Sullivan and produced by Sullivan Films ( later Sullivan Entertainment ) in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( CBC ) and the Disney Channel , with additional funding from Telefilm Canada . The Disney Channel began airing the series in the United States on March 5 , 1990 , and continued airing it in January 1997 . The series was loosely adapted from a number of novels by Lucy Maud Montgomery , and a number of the series ' episodes and situations were adapted from her stories . The characters are sourced from Montgomerys works . Later episodes included many leading characters that had no direct basis in Montgomery 's written work . Some episodes of the show were turned into the independent books by various authors . Around 30 titles have been released . In the United States , its title was shortened to simply Avonlea , and a number of episodes were retitled and reordered . When the series was released on VHS and DVD in the United States , the title changed from Road to Avonlea to Tales from Avonlea ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeanne Beker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeanne_Beker', 'summary': 'Jeanne Beker , CM ( /ˈdʒiːni ˈbɛkər/ ; born 19 March 1952 ) is a Canadian television personality , fashion editor , and author .'}]}, {'value': 'Television personality', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean Béliveau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Béliveau', 'summary': "Joseph Jean Arthur Béliveau , CC GOQ ( August 31 , 1931 - December 2 , 2014 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played parts of 20 seasons with the National Hockey League 's ( NHL ) Montreal Canadiens from 1950 to 1971 . Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972 , Le Gros Bill Béliveau is widely regarded as one of the Ten Greatest NHL players of all time . Born in Trois-Rivières , Quebec , Béliveau first played professionally in the Quebec Major Hockey League ( QMHL ) . He made his NHL debut with the Canadiens in 1950 , but chose to remain in the QMHL full-time until 1953 . By his second season in the NHL , Béliveau was among the top three scorers . He was the fourth player to score 500 goals and the second to score 1,000 points . Béliveau won two Hart Memorial Trophies as league MVP ( 1956 , 1964 ) and one Art Ross Trophy as top scorer ( 1956 ) , as well as the inaugural Conn Smythe Trophy as play-off MVP ( 1965 ) . He has 17 Stanley Cup championships , the most by any individual to date . All championships have been with the Montreal Canadiens : 10 as a player and 7 as an executive . In 2017 , Beliveau was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Athlete , ice hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame , two-time NHL MVP , won 10 Stanley Cups , companion of the Order of Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame', 'summary': "The Hockey Hall of Fame ( French : Temple de la renommée du hockey ) is an ice hockey museum located in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Dedicated to the history of ice hockey , it is a museum and a hall of fame . It holds exhibits about players , teams , National Hockey League ( NHL ) records , memorabilia and NHL trophies , including the Stanley Cup . Founded in Kingston , Ontario , the Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland . The first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945 , before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location . It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston , Ontario , due to funding issues . Its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961 . The hall was relocated in 1993 , and is now in Downtown Toronto , inside Brookfield Place , and a historic Bank of Montreal building . The Hockey Hall of Fame has hosted International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) exhibits and the IIHF Hall of Fame since 1998 . An 18-person committee of players , coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees , who are inducted as players , builders or on-ice officials . In 2010 , a subcategory was established for female players . The builders ' category includes coaches , general managers , commentators , team owners and others who have helped build the game ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy', 'summary': "The Hart Memorial Trophy , originally known as the Hart Trophy , is awarded annually to the player judged most valuable to his team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The original trophy was donated to the league in 1923 by David Hart , the father of Cecil Hart , the longtime head coach of the Montreal Canadiens . The Hart Trophy has been awarded 92 times to 56 different players since its beginnings in 1924 . Each year , members of the Professional Hockey Writers ' Association vote to determine the player who was the most valuable to his team during the regular season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stanley_Cup', 'summary': "The Stanley Cup ( French : La Coupe Stanley ) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League ( NHL ) playoff winner . It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America , and the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) considers it to be one of the most important championships available to the sport . The trophy was commissioned in 1892 as the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup and is named after Lord Stanley of Preston , the Governor General of Canada who donated it as an award to Canada 's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club . The entire Stanley family supported the sport , the sons and daughters all playing and promoting the game . The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal Hockey Club , and winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games and league play . Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906 . In 1915 , professional ice hockey organizations National Hockey Association ( NHA ) and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association ( PCHA ) reached a gentlemen 's agreement in which their respective champions would face each other annually for the Stanley Cup . It was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926 and then the de jure NHL championship prize in 1947 . There are actually three Stanley Cups : the original bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup , the authenticated Presentation Cup , and the spelling-corrected Permanent Cup on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame . While the NHL has maintained control over the trophy itself and its associated trademarks ; the NHL does not actually own the trophy but uses it by agreement with the two Canadian trustees of the cup . The NHL has registered trademarks associated with the name and likeness of the Stanley Cup , although there has been dispute as to whether the league has the right to own trademarks associated with a trophy that it does not own . The original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres ( 7.69 inches ) high and 29 centimetres ( 11.420 inches ) wide ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Graham Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell', 'summary': "Alexander Graham Bell ( /ˈɡreɪ.əm/ ; March 3 , 1847 - August 2 , 1922 ) was a Scottish-born [ N 2 ] American inventor , scientist , and engineer who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone . He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company ( AT & T ) in 1885 . Bell 's father , grandfather , and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf , profoundly influencing Bell 's life 's work . His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone , on March 7 , 1876 . [ N 3 ] Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study . [ N 4 ] Many other inventions marked Bell 's later life , including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications , hydrofoils , and aeronautics . Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society , he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7 , 1898 , until 1903 . Beyond his scientific work , Bell was an advocate of compulsory sterilization , and served as chairman or president of several eugenics organizations ."}]}, {'value': 'Inventor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inventor of the telephone', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Berton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Berton', 'summary': "Pierre Francis de Marigny Berton CC OOnt ( July 12 , 1920 - November 30 , 2004 ) was a noted Canadian author of non-fiction , especially Canadiana and Canadian history , and was a television personality and journalist . He won many honours and awards for his books . An accomplished storyteller , Berton was one of Canada 's most prolific and popular authors . He wrote on popular culture , Canadian history , critiques of mainstream religion , anthologies , children 's books and historical works for youth . He was also a founder of the Writers ' Trust of Canada , a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada 's writing community . Berton 's 50 books became popular in part due to his light and fast-paced writing style ."}]}, {'value': 'Author', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Winner of four Governor General 's Awards , companion of the Order of Canada", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Governor_General's_Award", 'summary': "The Governor General 's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the Governor General of Canada , recognizing distinction in numerous academic , artistic , and social fields . The first was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir , a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction ; he created the Governor General 's Literary Award with two award categories . Successive governors general have followed suit , establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important . Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General 's Awards : the Governor General 's Award in Visual and Media Arts , the Governor General 's Northern Medal , and the Governor General 's Medal in Architecture ( though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal , first established in 1950 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Order of Canada ( French : Ordre du Canada ) is a Canadian national order and the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders , decorations , and medals of Canada , after the Order of Merit . To coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation , the three-tiered order was established in 1967 as a fellowship that recognizes the outstanding merit or distinguished service of Canadians who make a major difference to Canada through lifelong contributions in every field of endeavour , as well as the efforts by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions . Membership is accorded to those who exemplify the order 's Latin motto , desiderantes meliorem patriam , meaning they desire a better country , a phrase taken from Hebrews 11:16 . The three tiers of the order are Companion , Officer , and Member ; specific individuals may be given extraordinary membership and deserving non-Canadians may receive honorary appointment into each grade . The Canadian monarch , Queen Elizabeth II , is Sovereign of the order and the serving governor general , currently Julie Payette , is its Chancellor and Principal Companion and administers the order on behalf of the Sovereign . Appointees to the order are recommended by an advisory board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign . As of January 2020 [ update ] , 7,212 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada , including scientists , musicians , politicians , artists , athletes , business people , film stars , benefactors , and others . Some have resigned or have been removed from the order , while other appointments have been controversial . Appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blue Rodeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Rodeo', 'summary': 'Blue Rodeo is a Canadian country rock band formed in 1984 in Toronto , Ontario . They have released 15 full-length studio albums , four live recordings , one greatest hits album , and two video/DVDs , along with multiple solo albums , side projects , and collaborations .'}]}, {'value': 'Musicians', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won 11 Juno Awards , including five for Group of the Year', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juno_Award', 'summary': 'The Juno Awards are presented annually to Canadian musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music . New members of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame are also inducted as part of the awards ceremonies . Members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ( CARAS ) , or a panel of experts , depending on the award , choose the award winners . However , sales figures are the sole basis for determining the winners of nine of the forty-two categories like Album of the Year or Artist of the Year . CARAS members determine the nominees for Single of the Year , Artist and Group of the Year . A judge vote by experts in the relevant genre , determines the nominees for the remaining categories . The names of the judges remain confidential . The judges represent all facets of the Canadian music industry . They are spread across the country and include of men and women , and speakers of both official languages ( English and French ) . No person can judge the same category two years in a row .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Juno_Award_for_Group_of_the_Year', 'summary': 'The Juno Award for Group of the Year has been awarded annually since 1970 in recognition of the best musical group or band in Canada . It is presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ( CARAS ) . The five nominees in the category are decided through a combination of sales and CARAS member voting , and the recipient is chosen from among these nominees by member voting . The award was previously named as Top Vocal Instrumental Group ( 1970-1971 ) , Vocal Instrumental Group of the Year ( 1972-1973 ) , and Best Group ( 1999-2002 ) . In 1972 and 1973 , awards were also given for Outstanding Performance of the Year - Group .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Inductees', 'section_text': 'Some inductees were unable to attend the ceremony the year they were inducted , and as a result were honoured in a ceremony in a later year .', 'uid': "List_of_inductees_of_Canada's_Walk_of_Fame_0", 'intro': "Canada's Walk of Fame, located in Toronto, Ontario, is a walk of fame that acknowledges the achievements and accomplishments of successful Canadians. It consists of a series of stars imbedded in 13 designated blocks worth of sidewalks in Toronto, located in front of Roy Thomson Hall, the Princess of Wales Theatre, and the Royal Alexandra Theatre on King and Simcoe streets. The first group of members was inducted in 1998, and it has since expanded to include the RBC Emerging Artist Music Mentorship Prize competition, which assists emerging Canadian musicians with getting their careers off the ground. The Walk of Fame was first conceived in 1996 when Peter Soumalias suggested the idea of a Walk of Fame for famous Torontonians to the board of the Toronto Entertainment District Association. They rejected his idea but he went on to establish a Walk of Fame for Canadians. Canada's Walk of Fame runs an annual contest in which Canadians can nominate potential inductees. In 2000, prior to the introduction of the online voting system, over 30,000 nominations were received via letters, fax and e-mail. The committee then analyzes the nominees based on the following criteria: the nominee was born in Canada or has spent their formative or creative years in Canada; they have had a minimum of 10 years experience in their field; they have had a national or international impact on Canadas Cultural heritage. Following the Selection Committee's evaluation, the nominees that meet all of the requirements are forwarded to the board of directors, who then select the inductees. New inductees are inducted annually at an unveiling ceremony where their star, a stylized maple leaf, is revealed. The first was held in 1998 and only four of the twelve then-living inductees attended: Karen Kain, Norman Jewison, Barbara Ann Scott and Rich Little. Since 2008, the Walk of Fame also hands out the Cineplex Legends Award, which is posthumously awarded to Canadian pioneers in film, music, sport, arts, and innovation."}
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what is the area of recognition of the inductee born June 25 , 1941 ?
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_East_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Player_of_the_Year", 'title': "America East Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year", 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'School', 'Position', 'Class'], 'data': [{'value': '1979-80', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 17 , 1979 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24 , 1980 , at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis . The Louisville Cardinals won their first NCAA national championship with a 59-54 victory over the UCLA Bruins ."}]}, {'value': 'Rufus Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rufus_Harris', 'summary': 'Rufus D. Harris is a retired American professional basketball player . He was the America East Conference co-Player of the Year as a senior in 1979-80 while playing for the University of Maine . After graduating , Harris was selected in the 1980 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics , although he never played in the National Basketball Association . Instead , he carved a professional career in both the Continental Basketball Association and international leagues . Harris played from 1980 to 1983 in the CBA , for the Maine Lumberjacks and Lancaster Lightning . In 88 CBA games he averaged 18.8 points per game . While playing for the Maine Black Bears between 1976-77 and 1979-80 , Harris scored a still-standing school record 2,206 points . His 718 total points and 25.6 per game average in 1979-80 are both single season records as well . Rufus is the nephew of Larry Garron , a well known former Boston Patriot running back .'}]}, {'value': 'Maine', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maine_Black_Bears_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Maine Black Bears men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents University of Maine in Orono , Maine , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference , which they joined upon its founding in 1979 . Their current head coach is Richard Barron , who previously served as the head coach of the women 's basketball program from 2011-2017 before taking a leave of absence . The Black Bears have never appeared in the NCAA tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979-80', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 17 , 1979 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24 , 1980 , at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis . The Louisville Cardinals won their first NCAA national championship with a 59-54 victory over the UCLA Bruins ."}]}, {'value': 'Ron Perry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Perry_(basketball,_born_1958)', 'summary': "Ronald K. Perry ( born March 20 , 1958 ) is an American former basketball and baseball player . He is known particularly for his standout college career at Holy Cross . Perry , the son of former Holy Cross athletic director Ron S. Perry , was a high school star at Catholic Memorial in West Roxbury , Massachusetts . While there , Perry set a Massachusetts state scoring record with 2,481 points in his career , averaging 35 points per game as a senior . He followed in his father 's footsteps , playing both basketball and baseball at Holy Cross . As a freshman shooting guard for the Crusaders , Perry led all freshmen nationally in scoring , netting 23 points per game . Over the course of his four-year career , Perry set the school scoring record with 2,524 points ( 23.2 per game ) . He was named ECAC North co-Player of the Year with Maine 's Rufus Harris as a senior and earned All-American recognition in all four of his varsity seasons . In addition to his basketball career , Perry also excelled as a baseball player for the Crusaders at shortstop . In 1978 and 1979 he played collegiate summer baseball for the Hyannis Mets of the Cape Cod Baseball League ( CCBL ) . At Hyannis , Perry was a two-time all-star , batting .357 and .401 in his two seasons . In the 1979 season he led the Mets to the league championship while being named the league MVP ."}]}, {'value': 'Holy Cross', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Holy Cross Crusaders men 's basketball team represents the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I competition . The team competes in the Patriot League and plays their home games in the Hart Center . The program boasts such notable alumni as Boston Celtics legends Bob Cousy and Tom Heinsohn , and longtime Providence College basketball coach Joe Mullaney ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980-81', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1980–81_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 28 , 1980 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1981 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 30 , 1981 , at The Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Indiana Hoosiers won their fourth NCAA national championship with a 63-50 victory over the North Carolina Tar Heels ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Ferrara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Ferrara', 'summary': "Michael James Ferrara ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player best known for his collegiate career . He was the America East Conference Player of the Year as a senior in 1980-81 while playing for Colgate University . After graduating , Ferrara was selected in the 1981 NBA draft by the Washington Bullets , due to a serious knee injury sustained in the preseason , he never played in the National Basketball Association . Ferrara grew up in Franklin , New Jersey and starred at Franklin High School . Ferrara began his career at Niagara University , where after one season he transferred because the head coach who recruited him , Frank Layden , left prior to the start of Ferrara 's career . After sitting out a season as a transfer redshirt , Ferrara spent his final three seasons playing for Colgate University . He scored a then-school record 1,763 points ( later broken in 1995 ) and still holds Colgate records for points in a season ( 772 ) and game ( 50 ) . Ferrara finished as the second leading scorer in all of NCAA Division I in 1980-81 with a 28.6 points per game average and was named the conference 's player of the year . His jersey number was retired by Colgate in 2005 ."}]}, {'value': 'Colgate', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colgate_Raiders_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Colgate Raiders men 's basketball team represents Colgate University in Hamilton , New York in NCAA Division I competition . The school 's team competes in the Patriot League and play their home games in Cotterell Court ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-82', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1981–82_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1981-82 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 27 , 1981 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 29 , 1982 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels won their second NCAA national championship with a 63-62 victory over the Georgetown Hoyas ."}]}, {'value': 'Perry Moss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perry_Moss_(basketball)', 'summary': "Perry Victor Moss ( born November 11 , 1958 ) is a former National Basketball Association ( NBA ) basketball player . Moss played basketball at Northeastern University under coach Jim Calhoun , where he averaged 15.2 points per game and 3.7 rebounds per game in four seasons there . In his senior season , Moss was named the America East Conference Men 's Basketball Player of the Year . Moss graduated as the schools second-leading career scorer with 1722 points and a 15.2 average in 113 games . He was considered the most explosive guard in New England and one of the most athletic players in the nation . In 1982 he went head to head with future NBA All-Star Dominique Wilkins and the Georgia Bulldogs in the first round of the Gotten State Classic . Despite a big game from Moss , the Huskies lost , but Lakers GM Jerry West , who was in the audience , noted that Moss was the best guard he had seen that year . On his home court , Moss would dazzle the fans with his acrobatic dunks created by his 41-inch vertical leap . As a junior in 1981 , Moss teamed with guard Pete Harris to lead the Huskies to their first of seven conference titles . His career included a number of clutch shots , including Moss 's halfcourt bomb that sent the championship game versus Holy Cross into overtime , which NU eventually won 76-69 . He also hit a last second shot in the opening round of the NCAA tournament when NU knocked off 20th ranked Fresno State before bowing out to Utah . Moss and the Huskies repeated the feat a year later , as Moss averaged 23.7 points per game ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's basketball team represents Northeastern University , located in Boston , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . The team has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association since 2005 and has won two tournament titles , having previously played in the America East Conference , where they won seven tournament titles . The Huskies currently play home games at the 6,000-seat Matthews Arena . Since 2006 , the Huskies have been coached by Bill Coen ."}]}, {'value': 'PG / SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-83', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Cross_(basketball)', 'summary': "Jeffrey Andrew Cross ( born September 1 , 1961 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played for the Los Angeles Clippers in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Cross , a forward/center from Worcester Academy in Massachusetts , played collegiately at the University of Maine where he enjoyed a standout career , scoring 1,337 points ( average of 13.4 per game ) , grabbing 894 rebounds ( 8.9 ) and blocking 209 shots ( 2.1 ) . Cross was named all conference his junior and senior years and was ECAC North ( now the America East Conference ) player of the year as a junior in 1983 . He left Maine as one of the school 's top all-time scorers and rebounders . Cross was drafted in the third round of the 1984 NBA Draft by the Dallas Mavericks ( 61st overall ) . However , his rights were traded to the Philadelphia 76ers and he was later waived . After nearly two years , he would make his NBA debut in the form of a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Clippers in the 1985-86 NBA season . He was subsequently signed for the remainder of the year . Cross ' NBA career lasted 21 games as he averaged 6.1 minutes per game in a reserve role . His career averages were 1.2 points and 1.4 rebounds per game ."}]}, {'value': 'Maine', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maine_Black_Bears_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Maine Black Bears men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents University of Maine in Orono , Maine , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference , which they joined upon its founding in 1979 . Their current head coach is Richard Barron , who previously served as the head coach of the women 's basketball program from 2011-2017 before taking a leave of absence . The Black Bears have never appeared in the NCAA tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983-84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Halsel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Halsel', 'summary': "Mark Halsel ( born November 8 , 1962 ) is a member of the Northeastern University athletics Hall of Fame . Halsel was elected for his exploits in basketball . Halsel played for the Huskies from 1981 to 1984 and when his career was over he had the most rebounds in school history ( 1,115 ) , and is the only NU player to top both 1,000 points ( 1,651 ) and 1,000 rebounds . Halsel also holds the distinction for being on the first ever NCAA Men 's Basketball Tournament team in the 1981 season . Halsel was a two time All-New England selection , along with being All-East , All-District , and Honorable Mention All-American . Bobby Knight invited Halsel to the 1984 Olympic Trials where he was beat out by Michael Jordan and Chris Mullin for a spot on the squad . Halsel played professional basketball around the world for seven seasons after leaving Northeastern and was a 1984 NBA Draft pick of the Chicago Bulls in the 4th round . Halsel also appeared on the game show Deal or No Deal , winning $ 168,000 . Halsey originally had case # 22 , yet instantly swapped for case # 13 . Halsel took the deal at $ 168,000 with 4 cases remaining , $ .01 , $ 300 , $ 250,000 , and $ 500,000 . The case Halsel had , # 13 actually held $ .01 , while his original case , # 22 held the $ 500,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's basketball team represents Northeastern University , located in Boston , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . The team has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association since 2005 and has won two tournament titles , having previously played in the America East Conference , where they won seven tournament titles . The Huskies currently play home games at the 6,000-seat Matthews Arena . Since 2006 , the Huskies have been coached by Bill Coen ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984-85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Lewis', 'summary': "Reggie Lewis ( November 21 , 1965 - July 27 , 1993 ) was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association 's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's basketball team represents Northeastern University , located in Boston , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . The team has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association since 2005 and has won two tournament titles , having previously played in the America East Conference , where they won seven tournament titles . The Huskies currently play home games at the 6,000-seat Matthews Arena . Since 2006 , the Huskies have been coached by Bill Coen ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Sophomore', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985-86', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie Lewis ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Lewis', 'summary': "Reggie Lewis ( November 21 , 1965 - July 27 , 1993 ) was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association 's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's basketball team represents Northeastern University , located in Boston , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . The team has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association since 2005 and has won two tournament titles , having previously played in the America East Conference , where they won seven tournament titles . The Huskies currently play home games at the 6,000-seat Matthews Arena . Since 2006 , the Huskies have been coached by Bill Coen ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986-87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie Lewis ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Lewis', 'summary': "Reggie Lewis ( November 21 , 1965 - July 27 , 1993 ) was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association 's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's basketball team represents Northeastern University , located in Boston , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . The team has competed in the Colonial Athletic Association since 2005 and has won two tournament titles , having previously played in the America East Conference , where they won seven tournament titles . The Huskies currently play home games at the 6,000-seat Matthews Arena . Since 2006 , the Huskies have been coached by Bill Coen ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987-88', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Jones_(Boston_University)', 'summary': 'Larry Jones is a retired American basketball player . He was the ECAC North Player of the Year as a senior in 1987-88 while playing for Boston University . That season he led the Terriers to a second-place finish in the regular season conference standings as well as capturing the ECAC North Tournament championship . Jones led BU to the 1988 NCAA Tournament where they would lose to Duke in the first round . In three seasons , Jones finished with 1,130 points , which was 10th in school history at the time of his graduation .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Boston University in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Patriot League ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Jeff Robinson ( born July 8 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player . Robinson is 6 ft 6 in tall and usually plays the power forward or small forward position .'}]}, {'value': 'Siena', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Siena_Saints_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Siena Saints men 's basketball team ( formerly the Siena Indians ) represents Siena College in Loudonville , New York , United States . The NCAA Division I program competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference and the annual Franciscan Cup . The Saints are currently coached by Carmen Maciariello . He was named the program 's 18th head coach in school history on March 25 , 2019 . Siena plays its home games at the 14,500 all-seater Times Union Center in downtown Albany . Since 1988 , the team has appeared in six NCAA Tournaments ( 1989 , 1999 , 2002 , 2008 , 2009 and 2010 ) and five NIT Tournaments ( 1988 , 1991 , 1994 , 2000 , and 2003 ) . Siena has advanced to the Round of 32 three times in program history . In 1989 they defeated Stanford 80-78 . In 2008 Siena beat Vanderbilt 83-62 and the following year they edged Ohio State 74-72 in double overtime . In 2014 Siena competed in their first College Basketball Invitational tournament and won the championship defeating Stony Brook , Penn State , Illinois State and Fresno State two games to one in the best-of-three championship series . Siena 's cumulative record in postseason play is 18-13 ( 4-6 NCAA , 9-5 NIT , 5-2 CBI ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SF / SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-90', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steven Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steven_Key', 'summary': 'Steven Key ( born May 14 , 1968 ) is an American professional basketball coach and former professional player .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Boston University in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Patriot League ."}]}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990-91', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Johnson_(basketball)', 'summary': "Matthew Johnson ( born circa 1969 ) is an American basketball coach and former player best known for his collegiate playing career at the University of Vermont from 1987 to 1991 . His professional basketball career was a one-year stint in Ireland in 1994-95 . He served as the head boys ' basketball coach at Burlington High School in Burlington , Vermont from 2002-2016 , winning four Vermont Division I boys ' basketball championships , and an overall record of 265-61 . He is currently the head boys ' basketball coach at Jefferson County High School in Dandridge , Tennessee ."}]}, {'value': 'Vermont', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Vermont_Catamounts_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Vermont Catamounts Men 's Basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents the University of Vermont in Burlington , Vermont . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at Patrick Gym . The team has reached the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament seven times , in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2010 , 2012 , 2017 , and 2019 . UVM famously upset Syracuse University in the first round of the 2005 tournament . The Catamounts are coached by John Becker ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Roberson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Roberson_(basketball)', 'summary': "Kevin A. Roberson ( October 25 , 1970 - May 8 , 1993 ) was an American basketball player known for his collegiate playing career at the University of Vermont from 1988 to 1992 . He etched himself into the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) record book for blocks ; Roberson 's 409 career blocks was the third-highest total in Division I history at the time of his graduation , and as of the 2013-14 season it remains the 21st highest . Five different times he recorded 10 or more blocks in a single game , including a career-high 13 against New Hampshire on January 9 , 1992 . Roberson also scored 1,503 points and grabbed 1,054 rebounds , which were second and first in school history , respectively , at the time of his graduation . Roberson recorded five triple-doubles in his career as well . In his junior and senior seasons he was a two-time All-North Atlantic Conference ( NAC ) First Team selection , and his senior year in 1991-92 saw him be named the NAC Player of the Year . He averaged 18 points and 11.2 rebounds en route to the award ."}]}, {'value': 'Vermont', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Vermont_Catamounts_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Vermont Catamounts Men 's Basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents the University of Vermont in Burlington , Vermont . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at Patrick Gym . The team has reached the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament seven times , in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2010 , 2012 , 2017 , and 2019 . UVM famously upset Syracuse University in the first round of the 2005 tournament . The Catamounts are coached by John Becker ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992-93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vin Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vin_Baker', 'summary': 'Vincent Lamont Baker ( born November 23 , 1971 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games . As of 2019 , Baker serves as an assistant coach for the Milwaukee Bucks .'}]}, {'value': 'Hartford', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hartford_Hawks_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Hartford Hawks men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents University of Hartford in Hartford , Connecticut , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference . In 2008 Hartford made the America East Tournament Championship game falling to UMBC 82-65 ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-94', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Drapeau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Drapeau', 'summary': "Scott Drapeau ( born July 25 , 1972 ) is an American former basketball player known for his collegiate career at the University of New Hampshire ( UNH ) . In just two seasons with the team , Drapeau scored 1,290 points , was a two-time First Team All-North Atlantic Conference selection , and as a junior in 1993-94 was named the NAC Player of the Year . Prior to UNH , the Penacook , New Hampshire native starred at Merrimack Valley High School . He scored over 2,000 career points before enrolling at UMass as a freshman in 1991-92 . After playing for the Minutemen for just one season , Drapeau then transferred to Southern New Hampshire University ( then called New Hampshire College ) and also played one season there . Drapeau ended up at UNH in 1993-94 . The 6 ' 8 power forward is credited with being the cornerstone of the two most successful seasons in UNH men 's basketball history . They secured a school-record 19 wins in 1994-95 and went 34-22 between 1993-94 and 1994-95 . Drapeau holds UNH career averages of 23.0 points and 9.8 rebounds , which are second and fourth all-time , respectively , as of the end of the 2012-13 season . He has the top two single season scoring records with 648 and 642 points . He tried to pursue a professional basketball career as he entered the NBA Draft ; however , he had torn his ACL but did not tell his agent , which forced him out of the draft and ended his playing career . As of 2017 he resides in Penacook , New Hampshire with his two daughters , son , and wife ."}]}, {'value': 'New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Hampshire_Wildcats_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The New Hampshire Wildcats Basketball team is the basketball team that represent the University of New Hampshire in Durham , New Hampshire . The school 's team currently competes in the America East Conference and plays its home games at Lundholm Gym . The team has never qualified for the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament and are currently coached by Bill Herrion ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994-95', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malik Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malik_Rose', 'summary': 'Malik Jabari Rose ( born November 23 , 1974 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Rose played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association , winning NBA championships with the San Antonio Spurs in 1999 and 2003 . In 2018 , Rose became an assistant general manager for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association . Previously , Rose served as general manager of the Erie BayHawks and manager of basketball operations for the Atlanta Hawks . He is a former broadcaster for the Philadelphia 76ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Drexel_Dragons_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Drexel Dragons men 's basketball program represents intercollegiate men 's basketball at Drexel University . The team currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and plays home games at the Daskalakis Athletic Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995-96', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malik Rose ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malik_Rose', 'summary': 'Malik Jabari Rose ( born November 23 , 1974 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Rose played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association , winning NBA championships with the San Antonio Spurs in 1999 and 2003 . In 2018 , Rose became an assistant general manager for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association . Previously , Rose served as general manager of the Erie BayHawks and manager of basketball operations for the Atlanta Hawks . He is a former broadcaster for the Philadelphia 76ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Drexel_Dragons_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Drexel Dragons men 's basketball program represents intercollegiate men 's basketball at Drexel University . The team currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and plays home games at the Daskalakis Athletic Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996-97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunji Awojobi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunji_Awojobi', 'summary': 'Tunji Femi Awojobi ( born July 30 , 1973 ) is a retired Nigerian professional basketball player . A former boxer , Awojobi graduated from Boston University in 1997 . Following graduation , he played in several European countries , most notably in Israel . Awojobi was also a member of the Nigerian national team , and he participated in the 1998 and 2006 FIBA World Championship . His best achievement in European basketball was winning the ULEB cup as the starting Center for Hapoel Jerusalem from Israel . In the finals Jerusalem beat Real Madrid 83:72 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Boston University in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Patriot League ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1997–98_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1997-98 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1998 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Alamodome in San Antonio , Texas . The Kentucky Wildcats earned their seventh national championship by defeating the Utah Utes 78-69 on March 30 , 1998 . They were coached by Tubby Smith and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was Kentucky 's Jeff Shepherd . In the 32-team 1998 National Invitation Tournament , the Minnesota Golden Gophers defeated the Penn State Nittany Lions at the Madison Square Garden in New York City . Following the season , the 1998 NCAA Men 's Basketball All-American Consensus First team included Mike Bibby , Antawn Jamison , Raef LaFrentz , Paul Pierce , and Miles Simon . The consensus second team was composed of Vince Carter , Mateen Cleaves , Pat Garrity , Richard Hamilton , and Ansu Sesay ."}]}, {'value': 'Craig Speedy Claxton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speedy_Claxton', 'summary': "Craig Elliot Speedy Claxton ( born May 8 , 1978 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Claxton won an NBA championship in 2003 as a member of the San Antonio Spurs . In 2013 , he was named as a special assistant to the head coach for the Hofstra University men 's basketball program ."}]}, {'value': 'Hofstra', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hofstra_Pride_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Hofstra Pride men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Hofstra University in Hempstead , New York , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Colonial Athletic Association ."}]}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': 'Sophomore', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Winners', 'section_text': 'Malik Rose was a two-time Player of the Year as a Drexel Dragon ( 1995 , 1996 ) . Drexel has since left America East to join the Colonial Athletic Association .', 'uid': "America_East_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Player_of_the_Year_0", 'intro': "The America East Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year, known also as the Kevin Roberson America East Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year, is a basketball award given to the America East Conference's most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1979-80 season, the first year of the conference's existence (then called ECAC North). Nine players have earned the award multiple times. Only three, however, have been named player of the year three times: Reggie Lewis of Northeastern (1985-1987), Taylor Coppenrath of Vermont (2003-2005), and Jameel Warney of Stony Brook (2014-2016). The award was named in honor of former winner Kevin Roberson of Vermont after he was killed by a drunk driver in his hometown of Buffalo, New York in May 1993. Vermont has had the most all-time awards with 11. Northeastern, Stony Brook, and Boston University (the latter of which left the conference in 2013) are second with five, while four other schools have at least two awards apiece. In terms of individual winners, Vermont and BU are tied for the lead with five each. There has been one co-player of the year award tie (1979-80). Coincidentally, it was the first year that the award was given."}
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How many times has the university attended by Scott Drapeau gotten into the NCAA tourney ?
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never
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02d5a42ae1471c07
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Custer_County,_Idaho', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Idaho', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayhorse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayhorse,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Bayhorse is a ghost town in Custer County , Idaho , United States , founded in 1877 . After a new gold mine failed , silver was discovered in the area and a mine was started . Bayhorse was originally established by the silver mine . [ citation needed ] In 1976 , the entire community was added to the National Register of Historic Places . The town property was purchased by the state in 2006 and opened to the public in 2009 as part of the Land of the Yankee Fork State Park .'}]}, {'value': 'March 15 , 1976 ( # 76000671 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South of Challis off U.S. Route 93 44°23′52″N 114°18′42″W / 44.397778°N 114.311667°W / 44.397778 ; -114.311667 ( Bayhorse )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_93', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 93 ( US 93 ) is a major north-south United States highway in the western United States . The southern terminus is at US 60 in Wickenburg , Arizona . The northern terminus is at the Canada-US border north of Eureka in Lincoln County , Montana , where the roadway continues into Roosville , British Columbia , as Highway 93 . Major cities that US 93 travels through include : Las Vegas , Nevada ; Twin Falls , Idaho ; Missoula , Montana ; and Kalispell , Montana .'}]}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Board-and-Batten Commercial Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001300 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'about 260 Main Ave. 44°30′19″N 114°14′09″W / 44.505278°N 114.235833°W / 44.505278 ; -114.235833 ( Board-and-Batten Commercial Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Building at 247 Pleasant Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001301 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '247 Pleasant Ave. 44°30′13″N 114°14′10″W / 44.503611°N 114.236111°W / 44.503611 ; -114.236111 ( Building at 247 Pleasant Avenue )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buster Meat Market', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buster_Meat_Market', 'summary': 'The Buster Meat Market , located at about 250 Main Ave. in Challis in Custer County , Idaho was a historic building built in c.1897 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It was a one-story stone building with a galvanized iron front manufactured by the Mesker Bros. of St. Louis , Missouri . It was built for George McGowan , a merchant , and was rented to William Buster until Buster outright purchased the building . The building was considered the finest building in Challis for a number of years . The building no longer existed in 2008 . [ note 1 ] Another NRHP-listed stone building , the Challis Cold Storage , located at about 300 Main Ave. , collapsed in the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake .'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80004551 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'about 250 Main Ave. 44°30′19″N 114°14′10″W / 44.505278°N 114.236111°W / 44.505278 ; -114.236111 ( Buster Meat Market )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bux 's Place", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bux's_Place", 'summary': "Bux 's Place in Challis , Idaho was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It is a two-story log building which is significant as the only one known to be log and surviving of commercial buildings on Main Avenue in Challis in the 1880s . In 1980 , the building had a neon sign reading Bux 's Place . Its front lower fenestration dated from the 1930s ."}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001302 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "321 Main Ave. 44°30′17″N 114°14′06″W / 44.504722°N 114.235°W / 44.504722 ; -114.235 ( Bux 's Place )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Archeological Spring District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 12 , 1981 ( # 81000206 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Bison Jump Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1975 ( # 75000628 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Brewery Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis_Brewery_Historic_District', 'summary': 'Challis Brewery Historic District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It includes four buildings from the 1879-founded Klug Brewery . Fred Albiez , Ferdinand Klug , and George Fuchs teamed up to open the brewery ; it may have closed by 1886 . In 1980 it was claimed that there had been no operating breweries at all in Idaho for twenty years ; this brewery was deemed notable as one of only two surviving former breweries . The main building is a 37.5 by 28 feet ( 11.4 m × 8.5 m ) cut stone and rubble brewery building . There are also two rubble-stone houses and a stone-walled outbuilding , and the stone foundation of another building .'}]}, {'value': 'February 5 , 1980 ( # 80001303 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Creek Rd . 44°30′28″N 114°13′38″W / 44.507778°N 114.227222°W / 44.507778 ; -114.227222 ( Challis Brewery Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Cold Storage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis_Cold_Storage', 'summary': 'The Challis Cold Storage was a historic stone building located at about 300 Main Avenue in Challis , Idaho . It was built in 1881 for Idaho governor George L. Shoup . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . The building collapsed , killing two children , in the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake . It was a one-story building with a stepped parapet facade , with part of an outset cornice on its top tier . The Buster Meat Market , located at about 250 Main Avenue , was another stone building that also was NRHP-listed in 1980 , and also no longer exists .'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001304 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'about 300 Main Ave. 44°30′19″N 114°14′07″W / 44.505278°N 114.235278°W / 44.505278 ; -114.235278 ( Challis Cold Storage )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis_High_School', 'summary': 'Challis Jr. Sr. High School is a school in Challis , Idaho .'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001305 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '701 Main Ave. 44°30′17″N 114°13′52″W / 44.504722°N 114.231111°W / 44.504722 ; -114.231111 ( Challis High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Chivers House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Chivers_House', 'summary': 'The Bill Chivers House , on 3rd St. in Challis in Custer County , Idaho , is a historic house built in 1900 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It is a one-story house asserted to have elements of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles . Its Idaho State Historical Society review states :'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001306 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd St. 44°30′21″N 114°14′07″W / 44.505833°N 114.235278°W / 44.505833 ; -114.235278 ( Bill Chivers House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Chivers Cellar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Chivers_Cellar', 'summary': 'The Thomas Chivers Cellar , on Challis Creek Rd . in Challis , Idaho was built in 1895 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It is a partial dugout building , with horizontal log walls on the outside , vertical log braces on the interior , and dry rock retaining walls extending out from both sides of the front . It is built into the Challis Bluff , and is across the Challis Creek Road from the later Thomas Chivers House . Its logs are of peeled round logs , square-notched at the corners . The roof is dirt-covered , supported by log purlins . It was deemed significant as an example of the framing of a log and dugout cellar and a representative of the cellars still extant in Challis . Among those cellars still visible , the Chivers cellar is the best preserved and the most evident from a public right-of-way .'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001307 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Creek Rd . 44°30′27″N 114°13′34″W / 44.5075°N 114.226111°W / 44.5075 ; -114.226111 ( Thomas Chivers Cellar )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Chivers House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Chivers_House', 'summary': 'The Thomas Chivers House , on Challis Creek Rd . in Challis , Idaho , was built in 1910 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It was assessed to be the most elaborate , least altered , and best preserved two-story Queen Anne-style house in Challis . It is relatively large for Challis , and is a plain implementation of Queen Anne style with Colonial Revival influences . It is a frame house built of roughly finished lumber , upon a mortared rock foundation . It has window head moldings , eave returns , and enclosed eaves , as well as the only known stained glass in Challis .'}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001308 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis Creek Rd . 44°30′27″N 114°13′52″W / 44.5075°N 114.231111°W / 44.5075 ; -114.231111 ( Thomas Chivers House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Custer County Jail', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001309 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '801 Main Ave. , Rear 44°30′18″N 114°13′49″W / 44.505°N 114.230278°W / 44.505 ; -114.230278 ( Custer County Jail )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Custer Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Custer,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Custer is a ghost town in Custer County , Idaho , United States . Established in 1877 , it is at 44°23′15″N 114°41′45″W / 44.38750°N 114.69583°W / 44.38750 ; -114.69583 ( 44.3874133 , -114.6959118 ) , at an elevation of 6,470 feet ( 1,972 m ) . It lies along Yankee Fork Road southwest of the city of Challis , within the Challis National Forest . In 1981 , the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district . Although the district covers 29 acres ( 12 ha ) , only seven buildings retain enough historic integrity to qualify as contributing properties . Most of Custer is now included in the Land of the Yankee Fork State Park , which also includes the nearby historic Yankee Fork gold dredge .'}]}, {'value': 'February 3 , 1981 ( # 81000207 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Along Yankee Fork Road southwest of the city of Challis , within the Challis National Forest 44°23′15″N 114°41′45″W / 44.3875°N 114.695833°W / 44.3875 ; -114.695833 ( Custer Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Challis_National_Forest', 'summary': 'Salmon-Challis National Forest is located in east central sections of the U.S. state of Idaho . At 4,235,940 acres ( 6,618.66 sq mi , or 17,142.24 km2 ) it is one of the largest national forests in the lower 48 states and also has most of the land area of the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness , which is the largest wilderness area south of Alaska . Borah Peak , the tallest mountain in Idaho , is also found here . The Wild and Scenic Salmon River weaves through the rugged terrain of the Sawtooth Mountains and Sawtooth National Recreation Area , while it flows for over 75 miles ( 121 km ) through the forest . The Big Lost River has its headwaters within the national forest . Challis National Forest , the more southerly of its two parts , lies primarily in Custer County , but also has major areas in Lemhi and Butte counties , as well as smaller areas in Clark and Blaine counties . It has a total area of 2,463,471 acres ( 3,849.17 sq mi , or 9,969.31 km2 ) . There are local ranger district offices located in Challis , Clayton , and Mackay . Salmon National Forest , which lies to the north , is primarily located in Lemhi County , with spillover into Valley and Idaho counties . It has a total area of 1,772,469 acres ( 2,769.48 sq mi , or 7,172.93 km2 ) . There are local ranger district offices located in Leadore , North Fork , and Salmon . The combined forest headquarters are located in Salmon , Idaho .'}]}, {'value': 'Custer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Custer,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Custer is a ghost town in Custer County , Idaho , United States . Established in 1877 , it is at 44°23′15″N 114°41′45″W / 44.38750°N 114.69583°W / 44.38750 ; -114.69583 ( 44.3874133 , -114.6959118 ) , at an elevation of 6,470 feet ( 1,972 m ) . It lies along Yankee Fork Road southwest of the city of Challis , within the Challis National Forest . In 1981 , the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district . Although the district covers 29 acres ( 12 ha ) , only seven buildings retain enough historic integrity to qualify as contributing properties . Most of Custer is now included in the Land of the Yankee Fork State Park , which also includes the nearby historic Yankee Fork gold dredge .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan W. Day House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivan_W._Day_House', 'summary': 'The Ivan W. Day House near Stanley , Idaho is a c.1936-built Rustic style log cabin also known as Doc Day Cabin . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . It was deemed architecturally significant as a well-preserved and nearly unaltered example of Depression era log housing in the Stanley Basin-Sawtooth Valley region . The building represents the influence of the Rustic Style , which used log construction in a self-conscious attempt to create a countrified atmosphere , upon vernacular construction .'}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 1986 ( # 86000754 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boise Meridian 44°16′06″N 114°57′05″W / 44.268333°N 114.951389°W / 44.268333 ; -114.951389 ( Ivan W. Day House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanley,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Stanley is a town in Custer County , Idaho , United States . The population was 63 at the 2010 census ; down from 100 in 2000 . The center of population of Idaho in 2000 was located in Stanley .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Fork Lookout', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 27 , 1976 ( # 76000672 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clayton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clayton,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Clayton is a city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . The population was 7 at the 2010 census , down from 27 in 2000 . The name is derived from early resident Clayton Smith , who is alleged to be the owner of a bawdy house . [ citation needed ] It is adjacent to the Salmon River .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'False-Front Commercial Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001310 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'about 291 Main Ave. 44°30′17″N 114°14′09″W / 44.504722°N 114.235833°W / 44.504722 ; -114.235833 ( False-Front Commercial Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmett Hosford House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001311 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd St. 44°30′22″N 114°14′07″W / 44.506111°N 114.235278°W / 44.506111 ; -114.235278 ( Emmett Hosford House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I.O.O.F . Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I.O.O.F._Hall_(Challis,_Idaho)', 'summary': "The I.O.O.F . Hall is an Independent Order of Odd Fellows building located on Main Avenue in Challis , Idaho . The building was constructed in two sections ; the first was built prior to 1894 , while the second was added in 1896 . The front facade features two raised gables with decorative Queen Anne woodwork ; both gables were connected by a larger gable in 1930 . The Odd Fellows were a significant social group in Challis ' early history , as almost all of the town 's founders were members of the organization . The hall was used for nearly every large community event in Challis during the early 1900s , including dances , public exhibitions , and even the meetings of other fraternal organizations . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3 , 1980 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1980 ( # 80001312 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '521 Main Ave. 44°30′17″N 114°13′59″W / 44.504722°N 114.233056°W / 44.504722 ; -114.233056 ( I.O.O.F . Hall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Challis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Challis,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Challis is the largest city in Custer County , Idaho , United States . It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census , up from 909 in 2000 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Custer_County,_Idaho_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Idaho. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Custer County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map. There are 37 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. More may be added; properties and districts nationwide are added to the Register weekly.'}
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What is the date listed of the historic place that is a one-story house asserted to have elements of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles ?
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# 80001306
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02d6fc7d66d3615e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Ferguson', 'title': 'Craig Ferguson', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Modern Vampires', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_Vampires', 'summary': 'Modern Vampires ( also known as Revenant ) is a 1998 American black comedy-horror film written by Matthew Bright , directed by Richard Elfman and starring Casper Van Dien , Natasha Gregson Wagner , Kim Cattrall , Natasha Lyonne , Udo Kier and Rod Steiger . It was released direct to video on October 19 , 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Richard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Big Tease', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Big_Tease', 'summary': 'The Big Tease is a 1999 American comedy film starring Craig Ferguson , directed by Kevin Allen , and written by Ferguson and Sacha Gervasi .'}]}, {'value': 'Crawford Mackenzie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chain of Fools', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chain_of_Fools_(film)', 'summary': 'Chain of Fools ( also known by its production title Shiny New Enemies ) is a 2000 heist comedy film , directed by LA-based Swedish production collective , Traktor , starring Steve Zahn , Salma Hayek , Jeff Goldblum , and Elijah Wood .'}]}, {'value': 'Melander Stevens', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Born Romantic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Born_Romantic', 'summary': 'Born Romantic is a 2000 British film directed by David Kane . The film is centered on a salsa club and depicts four love stories . Fergus is trying to find the one he left behind on the eve of their wedding , charmer and Rat Pack fanatic Frankie woos the beautiful Eleanor and the robber Eddie falls hopelessly in love with dowdy cemetery worker Jocelyn . Meanwhile , taxi driver Jimmy is transporting all of them and dealing with a love story of his own .'}]}, {'value': 'Frankie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saving Grace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saving_Grace_(2000_film)', 'summary': "Saving Grace is a 2000 British comedy film , directed by Nigel Cole , starring Brenda Blethyn and Craig Ferguson . The screenplay was written by Ferguson and Mark Crowdy . Set in Cornwall , the film tells the story of a middle aged widow whose irresponsible husband left her in an enormous debt , forcing her to grow cannabis in her greenhouse along with her gardener Matthew to avoid losing her house . It was co-produced by Fine Line Features , Homerun Productions , Portman Entertainment , Sky Pictures , and Wave Pictures and filmed in London and the villages of Boscastle and Port Isaac in Cornwall . Distributed by 20th Century Fox in major territories , the film premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival , where it won Cole the Audience Award for World Cinema . Critical reaction to Saving Grace was generally positive and it received favourable commercial notice for an independent British comedy film , eventually grossing $ 26,330,482 worldwide , following its theatrical release in the United States . The film received awards from the Norwegian International Film Festival and the Munich Film Festival , also receiving a BAFTA Award nomination for Crowdy , and ALFS Award , Golden Globe and Satellite Award nominations for Blethyn and her performance . Following Saving Grace 's release , two television film prequels to the film were produced along with a highly successful ITV spin off series called Doc Martin , starring Martin Clunes in his role as Dr. Martin Ellingham in a name switch after appearing in the film as Bamford"}]}, {'value': 'Matthew Stewart', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Life Without Dick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Life_Without_Dick', 'summary': "Life Without Dick is a direct-to-video 2002 American black comedy film written and directed by Bix Skahill . The film focuses on the relationship that develops between an incompetent hitman and a woman who accidentally kills her boyfriend when she discovers he 's leaving her for another woman ."}]}, {'value': "Jared O'Reilly", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Prendimi l'anima ( The Soul Keeper )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Soul_Keeper', 'summary': "The Soul Keeper ( Italian : Prendimi l'anima , French : L'âme en jeu ) is a 2002 Italian-French-British romance-drama film directed by Roberto Faenza . It is loosely based on real life events of Russian psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein and notably on her therapeutic and sentimental relationship with Carl Gustav Jung ."}]}, {'value': 'Richard Fraser', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': "I 'll Be There", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/I'll_Be_There_(2003_film)", 'summary': "I 'll Be There is a 2003 British-American comedy drama film directed and co-written by Craig Ferguson , who , in his directorial debut , also stars in the film with singer Charlotte Church in her film debut ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Kerr', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lemony_Snicket's_A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events", 'summary': "Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events ( also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events ) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling . It is a film adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket , covering the first three novels : The Bad Beginning , The Reptile Room , and The Wide Window . The film stars Jim Carrey , Liam Aiken , Emily Browning , Timothy Spall , Catherine O'Hara , Billy Connolly , Cedric the Entertainer , Luis Guzmán , Jennifer Coolidge and Meryl Streep , as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket ( the pen name of American writer Daniel Handler ) . Nickelodeon Movies purchased the film rights to Daniel Handler 's book series in 2000 and soon began development of a film with Barry Sonnenfeld attached to direct . Handler adapted the screenplay and courted Jim Carrey for Count Olaf . Sonnenfeld eventually left over budget concerns in January 2003 and Brad Silberling took over . Robert Gordon rewrote Handler 's script , and principal photography started in November 2003 . A Series of Unfortunate Events was entirely shot using sound stages and backlots at Paramount Pictures and Downey Studios . The film received positive reviews , with many praising Carrey 's performance , while some criticized its comical tone and short length - only focusing on the first 3 books in the series . The film also grossed $ 209 million worldwide , and won the Academy Award for Best Makeup ."}]}, {'value': 'Person of Indeterminate Gender', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lenny the Wonder Dog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lenny_the_Wonder_Dog', 'summary': 'Lenny the Wonder Dog is a 2004 American comedy film about the eponymous dog , Lenny , directed by Oren Goldman from a screenplay written by Michael Winslow , and filmed on locations in Florida . The cast included many prominent actors and celebrities such as Craig Ferguson and Andy Richter as the voice of Lenny . The movie had television release in Europe and after video release received generally poor reviews .'}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Wagner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niagara Motel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Motel', 'summary': 'Niagara Motel is a 2006 Canadian drama film directed by Gary Yates . It was adapted by George F. Walker from Suburban Motel his series of six plays . The film earned numerous nominations , including a Genie Award for Best Supporting Actress for Caroline Dhavernas .'}]}, {'value': 'Phillie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trust Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trust_Me_(2007_film)', 'summary': 'Trust Me is a 2006 film written and directed by Andrew Kazamia . Trust Me is produced by Quadriga Productions and stars Enn Reitel , Tony Curran , Craig Ferguson , and Shelley Long . It won three awards at its first festival screening at the Breckenridge Festival of Film , June 2007 , for Best Supporting Actor for Enn Reitel , Best Comedy and an Audiences Award . At the next festival , the Honolulu International Film Festival , July 2007 , it won Best Director , then at the Kansas Universal Film Festival , September 2007 , it won Best Director and Best Editor . It screened at the Braunschweig Film Festival in Germany where its director Andrew Kazamia won the Heinrich award for best first time European film maker 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ted Truman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ugly Truth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Ugly_Truth_(film)', 'summary': 'The Ugly Truth is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Robert Luketic , written by Nicole Eastman , Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith , and starring Katherine Heigl and Gerard Butler . The film was released in North America on July 24 , 2009 by Columbia Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'How to Train Your Dragon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/How_to_Train_Your_Dragon_(film)', 'summary': "How to Train Your Dragon is a 2010 American computer-animated action fantasy film loosely based on the 2003 book of the same name by British author Cressida Cowell , produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . The film was directed by Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois from a screenplay by Will Davies , Sanders , and DeBlois , and stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , T.J. Miller , and Kristen Wiig . The story takes place in a mythical Viking world where a young Viking teenager named Hiccup aspires to follow his tribe 's tradition of becoming a dragon slayer . After finally capturing his first dragon , and with his chance at last of gaining the tribe 's acceptance , he finds that he no longer wants to kill the dragon and instead befriends it . The film premiered at the Gibson Amphitheater on March 21 , 2010 , and was released in the United States five days later on March 26 . The film was a critical and commercial success , earning praise from film critics and audiences and earning nearly $ 500 million worldwide . It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Score at the 83rd Academy Awards , but lost to Toy Story 3 and The Social Network , respectively . How to Train Your Dragon also won ten Annie Awards , including Best Animated Feature . Two sequels , How to Train Your Dragon 2 and How to Train Your Dragon : The Hidden World , were released on June 13 , 2014 , and February 22 , 2019 , respectively . Much like their predecessor , both sequels were widely praised and became box office successes . The film 's success has also inspired other merchandise , including a video game and a television series ."}]}, {'value': 'Gobber ( voice )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kick-Ass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kick-Ass_(film)', 'summary': "Kick-Ass is a 2010 superhero black comedy film based on the comic book of the same name [ a ] by Mark Millar and John Romita , Jr. which was published by Marvel Comics . The film was directed by Matthew Vaughn , who produced with Brad Pitt and co-wrote the screenplay with Jane Goldman . The film was produced in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Its general release was on 25 March 2010 in the United Kingdom and on 16 April 2010 in the United States . It is the first installment of the Kick-Ass film series . It tells the story of an ordinary teenager , Dave Lizewski ( Aaron Johnson ) , who sets out to become a real-life superhero , calling himself Kick-Ass . Dave gets caught up in a bigger fight when he meets Big Daddy ( Nicolas Cage ) , a former cop who , in his quest to bring down the crime boss Frank D'Amico ( Mark Strong ) and his son Red Mist ( Christopher Mintz-Plasse ) , has trained his eleven-year-old daughter ( Chloë Grace Moretz ) to be the ruthless vigilante Hit-Girl . Despite having generated some controversy for its profanity and violence performed by a child , Kick-Ass was well received by both critics and audiences . In 2011 it won the Empire Award for Best British Film . The film has gained a strong cult following since its release on DVD and Blu-ray . A sequel , written and directed by Jeff Wadlow and produced by Vaughn , was released in August 2013 , with Johnson , Mintz-Plasse , and Moretz reprising their roles . In 2018 , Vaughn announced his intentions to open up Marv Studios and reboot the series ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Legend_of_the_Boneknapper_Dragon', 'summary': 'Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon is a 2010 American computer-animated short film produced by DreamWorks Animation and set within the How to Train Your Dragon universe . The film features most of the cast from the original film reprising their roles , and follows Hiccup and his young fellows accompanying their mentor , Gobber , on a quest to kill the legendary Boneknapper Dragon . It originally aired on television via Cartoon Network on October 14 , 2010 , and was released as a special feature on Blu-ray and double DVD editions of How to Train Your Dragon the next day .'}]}, {'value': 'Gobber ( voice )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gift of the Night Fury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gift_of_the_Night_Fury', 'summary': 'Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 American computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons . Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse all reprise their roles from the original film .'}]}, {'value': 'Gobber ( voice )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Book of Dragons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Book_of_Dragons', 'summary': 'Book of Dragons is a computer-animated/2D-animated short film based on the How to Train Your Dragon franchise . It was produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Steve Hickner . The short was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with Gift of the Night Fury , another short film based on the Dragons .'}]}, {'value': 'Gobber ( voice )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winnie the Pooh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_(2011_film)', 'summary': "Winnie the Pooh is a 2011 American animated musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The 51st Disney animated feature film , [ a ] the film was inspired by A . A. Milne 's stories of the same name and is part of Disney 's Winnie the Pooh franchise , the fifth theatrical Winnie the Pooh film released and the second theatrical Winnie the Pooh feature after the 1977 film The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh . It is also Disney 's latest animated film using traditional animation as of 2020 . Jim Cummings and Travis Oates reprise their voice roles as Winnie the Pooh and Tigger and Piglet , while newcomers Tom Kenny , Craig Ferguson , Bud Luckey and Kristen Anderson-Lopez provide the voices of Rabbit , Owl , Eeyore and Kanga , respectively . In the film , the aforementioned residents of the Hundred Acre Wood embark on a quest to save Christopher Robin from an imaginary culprit while Pooh deals with a hunger for honey . The film is directed by Stephen Anderson and Don Hall , adapted from Milne 's books by a story team led by Burny Mattinson , produced by Peter Del Vecho , Clark Spencer , John Lasseter and Craig Sost , and narrated by John Cleese . Production began in September 2009 with John Lasseter announcing that they wanted to create a film that would transcend generations . The film features six songs by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez , as well as a rendition of the Sherman Brothers ' Winnie the Pooh theme song by actress/musician Zooey Deschanel . The film was released on April 14 , 2011 in Germany , on April 15 , 2011 in the United Kingdom and on July 15 , 2011 in the United States . It received generally positive reviews from critics but was not commercially successful , having grossed $ 50.1 million worldwide on a $ 30 million budget . The film is dedicated to Dan Read , who had worked on Disney animated films including The Emperor 's New Groove and Chicken Little , and died on May 25 , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Owl ( voice )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owl_(Winnie-the-Pooh)', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters appearing in the Winnie-the-Pooh books and the Disney adaptations of the series .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Brave is a 2012 American computer-animated fantasy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It was directed by Mark Andrews and Brenda Chapman and co-directed by Steve Purcell . The story is by Chapman , with the screenplay by Andrews , Purcell , Chapman and Irene Mecchi . The film was produced by Katherine Sarafian , with John Lasseter , Andrew Stanton , and Pete Docter as executive producers . The film 's voice cast features Kelly Macdonald , Billy Connolly , Emma Thompson , Julie Walters , Robbie Coltrane , Kevin McKidd , and Craig Ferguson . Set in the Scottish Highlands , the film tells the story of a princess named Merida who defies an age-old custom , causing chaos in the kingdom by expressing the desire not to be betrothed . Merida is the first , and currently , only Disney princess created by Pixar . The film is also dedicated to Steve Jobs , who died before the film 's release . Chapman drew inspiration for the film 's story from her relationship with her own daughter . Co-directing with Mark Andrews , Chapman became Pixar 's first female director of a feature-length film . To create the most complex visuals possible , Pixar completely rewrote their animation system for the first time in 25 years . Brave is the first film to use the Dolby Atmos sound format ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Macintosh ( voice )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Craig_Ferguson_0', 'intro': 'Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962) is a Scottish-American television host, comedian, author, and actor. He hosted the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game (2014-17), for which he won two Daytime Emmy Awards, and Join or Die with Craig Ferguson (2016) on History. He was also the host of the CBS late-night talk show The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (2005-14). In 2017 he released a web show with his wife Megan, titled Couple Thinkers. It ran for six episodes from 9 October 2017, and is available on YouTube. After starting his career in the UK with music, comedy and theatre, Ferguson moved to the U.S. where he appeared in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show (1996-2004). He has written and starred in three films, directing one of them, and has appeared in several others, including several voice-over roles for animations. Ferguson has also written three books: Between the Bridge and the River, a novel; American on Purpose, a memoir; and Riding the Elephant: A Memoir of Altercations, Humiliations, Hallucinations & Observations. He holds both British and American citizenship.'}
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What year was the film written that the Director Andrew Kazamia won the Heinrich award for best first time European film maker ?
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2007
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02d804290afe1dfe
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1342_papal_conclave', 'title': '1342 papal conclave', 'header': ['Elector', 'Title', 'Elevated', 'Elevator'], 'data': [{'value': 'Pierre Desprès', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Desprès', 'summary': 'Pierre Desprès ( or Des Près , or Des Prés ; Lat . de Pratis ) ( born 1288 , at Montpezat-de-Quercy - died 1361 , in Avignon ) was a French Cardinal during the period of Avignon Papacy . He was son of Raymond II Desprès , seigneur of Montpezat , and Aspasie de Montaigut , the heiress of Bertrand , seigneur de Montaigut . He had a brother , Raymond , who was ennobled in 1325 . Pesserat points out that Montpezat was an important town , being the seat of the Archdeacon of Montpezat in the diocese of Cahors , who was also Sacristan of the Cathedral . Not at all coincidentally , Pope John XXII was a native of Cahors , and his father had been Sieur de Saint-Félix en Quercy . With his expertise in the law as a teacher and practitioner , and with his experience as a judge in the Roman Curia , Pierre Desprès was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Church by John XXII , where he served from 1325 to 1361 . He was thus head of the Papal Secretariat , in charge of the drafting of papal bulls and letters , and a principal papal advisor . The post was also one of the most lucrative in the Roman Curia , since a fee was charged for every document and the Vice-Chancellor received a share of every fee .'}]}, {'value': 'Bishop of Palestrina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Palestrina', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina ( Latin : Diocesis Praenestina ) is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy . The current Bishop of Palestrina is Domenico Sigalini , who from 3 November 2010 until 5 April 2014 was also appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the general ecclesiastical assistant of Italian Catholic Action .'}]}, {'value': '20 December 1320', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_XXII', 'summary': "Pope John XXII ( Latin : Ioannes XXII ; 1244 - 4 December 1334 ) , born Jacques Duèze ( or d'Euse ) , was Pope from 7 August 1316 to his death in 1334 . He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope , elected by the Conclave of Cardinals , which was assembled in Lyon through the work of King Louis X 's brother Philip , the Count of Poitiers , later King Philip V of France . Like his predecessor , Clement V , Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in Avignon . He opposed the political policies of Louis IV of Bavaria as Holy Roman Emperor , which prompted Louis to invade Italy and set up an antipope , Nicholas V. Pope John XXII faced controversy in theology involving his views on the Beatific Vision , and he opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles , famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power . He canonized St. Thomas Aquinas ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertrand du Pouget', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertrand_du_Pouget', 'summary': "Bertrand du Pouget ( Italian Bertrando del Poggetto ) ( 1280 - 3 February 1352 ) was a French papal diplomat and Cardinal . Bertrand was born in Castelnau-Montratier . He may have been a nephew of Pope John XXII . As cardinal he was closely involved in dealing with the practical consequences of the migration of the papacy to Avignon , and also in striving to uphold papal prestige in Italy , for example by artistic commissions in Bologna . He expelled Galeazzo I Visconti , imperial vicar for Emperor Henry VII , from Piacenza and in 1329 arranged for a public burning of Dante 's De monarchia . He was created cardinal priest of S. Marcello in 1316 , and became bishop of Ostia in 1327 . He participated in the conclave of 1334 that elected Pope Benedict XII and the conclave of 1342 that elected Pope Clement VI . He died at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon ."}]}, {'value': 'Bishop of Ostia e Velletri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Ostia_e_Velletri', 'summary': 'The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia , one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome . The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals , as it has been since 1150 , with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of Rome . Ostia and Velletri , Ostia e Velletri in Italian , was a single suburbicarian diocese from 1105 to 1914 . In 1914 , Velletri ( now Velletri-Segni ) was split off as a separate suburbicarian diocese . Starting then , a new Dean would add the see of Ostia to the suburbicarian see he already had .'}]}, {'value': '17 December 1316', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean-Raymond de Comminges', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Porto_e_Santa_Rufina', 'summary': 'The Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina ( Latin : Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae ) is a suburbicarian diocese of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy . It was formed from the union of two dioceses . The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida . From 1967 , the diocese has had both a titular cardinal bishop , and a resident bishop who handles the diocesan business .'}]}, {'value': '18 December 1327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Annibaldo di Ceccano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annibaldo_di_Ceccano', 'summary': "Annibale Gaetani di Ceccano ( c. 1282 - 1350 ) was an Italian Cardinal . His palace , the Livrée Ceccano at Avignon , begun in about 1335/1340 , still survives ; it is now a public library . He was Archbishop of Naples from 1326 to 1328 and undertook diplomatic missions , for example setting up the 1343 truce between England and France . He was Bishop of Frascati from 1332 to 1350 . He was archpriest of Saint Peter 's Basilica ( 1342-1350 ) , as well as Archdeacon of Cornwall from 1342 to 1344 , and Archdeacon of Nottingham from 1331 to 1348 . He is celebrated for the luxury of a feast he gave in 1343 for Pope Clement VI , an eye-witness account of which has survived ."}]}, {'value': 'Bishop of Frascati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Frascati', 'summary': 'The Diocese of Frascati ( Lat . : Tusculana ) is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy , based at Frascati , near Rome . The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop ; from the Latin name of the area , the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum . [ A ] Tusculum was destroyed in 1191 . The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati , a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV . Until 1962 , the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see in addition to any curial duties he possessed . Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses , and made the title purely honorific .'}]}, {'value': '18 December 1327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro Gómez de Barroso', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bishop of Sabina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Sabina', 'summary': 'The Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto ( originally , Sabina ) ( Lat . : Sabinensis-Mandelensis ) a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church ( which means it carries the rare rank of cardinal-bishop ) and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy in the Roman province of the Pope .'}]}, {'value': '18 December 1327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imbert du Puy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imbert_du_Puy', 'summary': "Imbert du Puy ( DuPuy , Dupuis ; Lat . Imbertus de Podio , Ital . Umberto del Pozzo ) ( born at Montpellier in Languedoc , died in Avignon on 26 May 1348 ) was a French Cardinal of the fourteenth century . He was a nephew of Pope John XXII . Imbert du Puy was a Protonotary Apostolic . At the time of his elevation to the cardinalate Imbert Du Puy was Archdeacon of Langres . In his fourth Consistory for the creation of cardinals , held on 18 December 1327 , Pope John XXII created ten new cardinals , among them Imbert Du Puy . He was named Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles ( XII Apostolorum ) , which had been unassigned since 1281 . He was given a Prebend in the Cathedral of St. Paul 's in the diocese of London in January 1328 , but such a conflict arose at the time of the installation that the cathedral needed to be reconsecrated . Cardinal du Puy participated in the Conclave of 1334 , which elected Pope Benedict XII . He was granted the Priory of Saintville in the diocese of Aix ; the Priory of Vaugines in the diocese of Aix ; and the Priory of Saint-Baudile in the diocese of Nîmes . Early in 1340 , Cardinal Imbert was a member of a committee of cardinals , with Pierre Després of Palestrina and Napoleone Orsini of S. Adriano , to examine the election and suitability of Jean de Tréal , Abbot of Rothonensis in the diocese of Vannes ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of SS . XII Apostoli', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hélie_de_Talleyrand-Périgord,_Bishop_of_Auxerre', 'summary': "Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord ( 1301-17 January , 1364 ) was a French Cardinal , from one of the most aristocratic families in Périgord , south-west France . Hélie was born at Périgueux , third son of Elias VII , Count of Périgord , and Brunissende of Foix , daughter of Roger Bernard III , comte de Foix . His elder brothers were Archambaud ( IV ) , who inherited the County , and Roger-Bernard ( who married Eleanor , daughter of Bouchard , Comte de Vendôme ) ; his younger brother was Fortanier , and his sisters were Agnes ( who married John of Sicily Duke of Durazzo and de Gravina in 1321 ) , Jeanne ( who married Ponce , Seigneur de Castillon ) , Marguerite ( who married Éméric de Lautrec ) , and Rosemburge ( who married Jacques de Lavie , grand-nephew of Pope John XXII ) . As a third son Hélie was destined for an ecclesiastical career . His brother , Roger Bernard , too , had an ecclesiastical career , becoming Canon of Lyon . But then , the eldest son died , and Roger-Bernard became the Count of Périgord . Hélie became a major figure in the Avignon papacy , and also a diplomat engaged in the negotiations of the Hundred Years ' War , having friendships in both English and French royal families . In his last months he had been appointed Papal Legate for a crusade against the Turks ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25 May 1331', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Bertrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Bertrand_(cardinal)', 'summary': "Pierre Bertrand ( 1280 - 1348 or 1349 ) was a French Cardinal , theologian , and canonist . Pierre Bertrand was born at Annonay in Vivarais . His noble parentage is known to us through the manuscript memoir of Grasset , a Celestine monk of the seventeenth century ( Discours généalogique de la noble maison de Bertrand et de leur alliance avec celle de Colombier ) . The legal profession seems to have been the first aim of his education . He successively studied and taught law in the Universities of Avignon , Montpellier , Orléans , and Paris . A highly competent lawyer , he soon reached high positions in the Parliament of Paris , the King 's Council , and the Queen 's Chancery . His interests lay , however , in another direction , and he became a priest . His priestly career was as successful as his legal success . In rapid succession he was Dean of Puy-en-Valais , Bishop of Nevers , and Bishop of Autun . In 1331 Pope John XXII made him a cardinal . Among his services were several charitable institutions founded at Annonay , and the Collège d'Autun , or Collège Cardinal , established in Paris on behalf of fifteen poor students , five for theology , five for law , and five for the fine arts . Bertrand defended the rights of the Church both by word of mouth and with his pen ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Clemente', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 December 1331', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gozzio Battaglia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Prisca', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 18 , 1338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benedict_XII', 'summary': 'Pope Benedict XII ( Latin : Benedictus XII ; 1285 - 25 April 1342 ) , born Jacques Fornier , was Pope from 30 December 1334 to his death in April 1342 . He was the third Avignon Pope . Benedict was a careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism . Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna , he started the great palace at Avignon . He decided against a notion of Pope John XXII by saying that souls may attain the fulness [ sic ] of the beatific vision before the Last Judgment . Whilst being a stalwart reformer , he attempted unsuccessfully to reunite the Orthodox Church and Catholic Church , almost 3 centuries after the Great Schism ; he also failed to come to an understanding with Louis IV , Holy Roman Emperor .'}]}, {'value': 'Bertrand de Déaulx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertrand_de_Déaulx', 'summary': 'Bertrand de Déaulx ( or Deaulx , or Deux ; Lat . Bertrandus de Deucio ) was a French bishop , diplomat and Cardinal . He was born , perhaps around 1290 , in Castrum de Blandiaco in the diocese of Uzès ; or in Déaulx . He died in Avignon in 1355 . Trained as a lawyer and teacher of law , he practiced in the papal courts , and became an arbitrator and diplomat for the Papacy . He had several assignments in Italy and one in Catalonia . He was responsible for the reorganization of the University of Montpellier and the granting of revised charters .'}]}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Marco', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Roger , O.S.B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pope_Clement_VI', 'summary': "Pope Clement VI ( Latin : Clemens VI ; 1291 - 6 December 1352 ) , born Pierre Roger , was Pope from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352 . He was the fourth Avignon pope . Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death ( 1348-1350 ) , during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague . Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church 's ecclesiastical jurisdiction and , as Clement VI , entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy . He recruited composers and music theorists for his court , including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries . His nepotism was ultimately reflected in the 44 statues of relatives which surrounded his sarcophagus ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of SS . Nereo ed Achilleo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guillaume Court , O.Cist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guillaume_Court', 'summary': 'Guillaume Court ( died 1361 ) was a French Cistercian theologian and Cardinal . He was briefly bishop of Nîmes , and then bishop of Albi , in 1337 , but only for a year , as Pope Benedict XII shortly elevated him to the cardinalate . He was the nephew of Benedict , who as Jacques Fournier had been a bishop of Mirepoix active in hunting heresy in south-west France ; and in any case was a countryman and supporter in these activities . Subsequently he investigated several cases of Franciscan spirituals under suspicion . The major work Liber secretorum eventuum of Joannes de Rupescissa was written to his order . In decisions of an Avignon theological tribune he headed in 1354 , Joannes de Rupescissa was cleared ; John of Castillon and Francis of Arquata were condemned and burned .'}]}, {'value': 'Priest of SS . IV Coronati', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bernard dAlbi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_d’Albi', 'summary': "Bernard d'Albi , was born at Saverdun in the diocese of Pamiers in the Pyrenees foothills , south of Toulouse , and died on 23 November 1350 at Avignon . He was a French cardinal of the 14th century ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Ciriaco alle Terme', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1338', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Guillaume d'Aure , O.S.B", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Guillaume_d'Aure", 'summary': "Guillaume d'Aure , OSB , was born in Toulouse , and died on 3 December 1353 in Avignon . He was a French Benedictine monk and Cardinal . He was the son of Bernard VII Dodon , Count of Comminges , and Bertrande , Countess d'Aure , daughter of Arnaud , Vicomte de l'Arboust . He had a brother Raymond Roger d'Aure ."}]}, {'value': 'Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 1339', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benedict XII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raymond Guillaume des Farges', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deacon of S. Maria Nuova', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 December 1310', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clement V', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clement_V', 'summary': 'Pope Clement V ( Latin : Clemens V ; c. 1264 - 20 April 1314 ) , born Raymond Bertrand de Got ( also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth ) , was Pope from 5 June 1305 to his death in 1314 . He is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members , and as the Pope who moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon , ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy .'}]}, {'value': 'Gaillard de la Mothe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaillard_de_la_Mothe', 'summary': "Gaillard de La Mothe ( also spelled de La Motte , de LaMotte , della Motta ) was a fourteenth-century prelate and Cardinal , of Gascon extraction . Gaillard was born towards the end of the 13th century , either in Toulouse or Bordeaux , and died in Avignon on 20 December 1356 . He was the son of Amanieu Levieux de La Motte , seigneur de Langon et de Rochetaillé . His mother was Elips ( Alix ) de Got , daughter of Arnaud-Garsale de Got , brother of Bertrand de Got . He was therefore a nephew of Pope Clement V ( Bertrand de Got ) . Gaillard had a brother , Bertrand . Another uncle , his father 's brother , Guillaume de la Mothe , was Bishop of Bazas from 1303-1313 , when he was transferred to Saintes , and again from 1318 to 1319 ."}]}, {'value': 'Deacon of S. Lucia in Silice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 December 1316', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanni Colonna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giovanni_Colonna_(1295-1348)', 'summary': 'Giovanni Colonna ( 1295 , Arezzo , Tuscany , Italy - 3 July 1348 , Avignon , France ) was a Roman Catholic cardinal during the Avignon papacy and was a scion of the famous Colonna family that played an important role in Italian history .'}]}, {'value': 'Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 December 1327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John XXII', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Cardinal electors', 'section_text': 'Pope Benedict XII died at Avignon on 25 April 1342 . At the time of his death , there were nineteen Cardinals in the Sacred College , of whom seventeen participated in the subsequent conclave : [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'Papal_conclave,_1342_0', 'intro': 'The papal conclave of 1342 (5 May to 7 May) - the papal conclave convened after the death of Pope Benedict XII, it elected Cardinal Pierre Roger, who became the fourth Pope of the period of Avignon Papacy under the name Clement VI.'}
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From the electors elevated in 1327 , who had been archbishop of Naples and archdeacon of Cornwall ?
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Annibaldo di Ceccano
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02d853931acc86b0
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_sports', 'title': '2015 in sports', 'header': ['Date', 'Sport', 'Venue/Event', 'Status', 'Winner/s'], 'data': [{'value': '1-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Multi-sport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Multi-sport_event', 'summary': 'A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event , often held over multiple days , featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from ( mostly ) nation-states . The first major , modern , multi-sport event of interna . Most have the same basic structure . Games are held over the course of several days in and around a host city , which changes for each competition . Countries send national teams to each competition , consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports . Athletes or teams are awarded gold , silver or bronze medals for first , second and third place respectively . The games are generally held every four years , though some are annual competitions .'}]}, {'value': '2015 European Masters Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Masters_Games', 'summary': 'The European Masters Games ( EMG ) is a multi-sport event , consisting of summer sports , that is held every four years . The European Masters Games are owned by the International Masters Games Association ( IMGA ) , who also own the World Masters Games . The age categories vary depending on the sport but the competition is generally for people 30-35 years or older . The first games were held in 2008 in Malmö , Sweden . The European Masters Games are held once every four year , while the last games were held in 2015 in Nice , France , the next games will be celebrated in Turin , Italy , in 2019 . The International Masters Games Association ( IMGA ) , which is based in Lausanne , Switzerland , is the body responsible for the bidding and placing of the games .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'For results , click here', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Multi-sport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Multi-sport_event', 'summary': 'A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event , often held over multiple days , featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from ( mostly ) nation-states . The first major , modern , multi-sport event of interna . Most have the same basic structure . Games are held over the course of several days in and around a host city , which changes for each competition . Countries send national teams to each competition , consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports . Athletes or teams are awarded gold , silver or bronze medals for first , second and third place respectively . The games are generally held every four years , though some are annual competitions .'}]}, {'value': '2015 Military World Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Military_World_Games', 'summary': 'The 2015 Military World Games , officially known as the 6th CISM Military World Games , is hosted from October 2-11 , 2015 in Mungyeong , South Korea . The games is the largest military sports event ever held in South Korea , with approximately 8,700 athletes from 110 countries competing in 24 sports . The Games were organized by the Ministry of National Defense Republic of Korea in accordance with CISM regulations and the rules of the International Sports Federations .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '3-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triathlon', 'summary': "A triathlon is a multisport race with three continuous and sequential endurance races . The word is of Greek origin , from τρεῖς or treis ( three ) and ἆθλος or athlos ( competition ) . While variations of the sport exist , the most common form includes swimming , cycling , and running over various distances . Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion , including timed transitions between the three races . A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race . This is where the switches from swimming to cycling and cycling to running occur . These areas are used to store bicycles , performance apparel , and any other accessories needed for the next stage of the race . The transition from swim to bike is referred to as T1 and that between the bike and run is referred to as T2 . The athlete 's overall time for the race includes time spent in T1 and T2 . Transition areas vary in size depending on the number of participants expected . In addition , these areas provide a social headquarters before the race . The nature of the sport focuses on persistent and often periodized training in each of the three disciplines , as well as combination workouts and general strength conditioning ."}]}, {'value': 'Triathlon World Cup # 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Men : Richard Murray Women : Ai Ueda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Murray_(triathlete)', 'summary': "Richard Murray ( born 4 January 1989 in Cape Town ) is a South African triathlete . Murray won the Junior ITU Duathlon World Championships in 2007 and 2008 , entered the adult Tri in 2009 , and was the Under-23 African champion in both triathlon and duathlon in 2010 , and was the elite African triathlon champion in 2011 and 2012 . He scored his first win in the ITU World Triathlon Series in Hamburg in 2012 . At the 2012 Summer Olympics men 's triathlon on Tuesday , August 7 , he placed 17th . In 2014-2015 , he was part of ECS Triathlon , an elite club based in Sartrouville , France . At the 2014 Commonwealth Games , he won a silver medal in the mixed team relay and a bronze in the men 's triathlon . He won the Gran Final of the World Triathlon Series ( WTS ) in Chicago in 2015 . He won the ITU Duathlon World Championships in Asturias ( Spain ) in 2016 . He was disqualified from the World Series race in Hamburg for unsportsmanlike conduct in July 2016 . At the 2016 Summer Olympics men 's triathlon on Thursday , August 18 , he placed 4th ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ai_Ueda', 'summary': 'Ai Ueda ( Japanese : 上田藍 , born 26 October 1983 in Kyoto ) is a Japanese triathlete . She is the winner of the 2005 and 2008 Asian Triathlon Championship and the winner of the 2013 ITU Duathlon World Championships . She has represented Japan in triathlon in both the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '3-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radio-controlled 1:10 off-road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1:10_radio-controlled_off-road_buggy', 'summary': 'The 1:10 radio-controlled off-road buggy is a 1:10 scale radio-controlled dune buggy designed for off-road racing . These cars are originally based on their full-scale equivalents that are commonly found in desert racing . The buggies are split into two race categories , two ( 2WD ) and four-wheel drive ( 4WD ) . These can easily be distinguished visually by their wheel size at the front . Cars are typically electric powered , but nitro versions do exist but are less common because racing classes exist for electric cars . The class is inexpensive and similar to a number of other classes , and this makes them popular with newcomers . The cars are also known as 1/10 off-road . The class was created by Kyosho as a miniature version of their 1:8 scale buggy and popularized by its archrival Tamiya , the latter after witnessing an off-road race at the Baja Peninsula on a business trip . It became popularized in the United States as a racing class , where they helped to lead the radio-controlled car market in the 1980s before the touring car class suddenly took over for the next decade with many manufacturers abandoning the off-road class as a result . The Deutsche Meisterschaften ( in West Germany ) and ROAR Nationals ( in North America ) were amongst the first to host an official national championship a year before the International Federation of Model Auto Racing ( IFMAR ) hosted their official world championship in 1985 . 1984 saw an introduction of 4WD cars that offered better traction thus 2WD car owners found themselves being forced to compete against its all-wheeled counterpart , resulting in the unlimited/modified category being split into its respective drivetrain classes . This division was first adopted by Remotely Operated Auto Racers ( ROAR ) and Japan Model Racing Car Association ( JMRCA ) in 1986 to become used in the Worlds in 1987 then became widely used .'}]}, {'value': '2015 IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_IFMAR_1:10_Electric_Off-Road_World_Championship', 'summary': "The 2015 IFMAR 1:10 scale Electric Off-Road World Championships ( 2015年IFMAR EP オフロード世界選手権 ) is the 16th edition of the IFMAR 1:10 Electric Off-Road World Championship for 1:10 scale radio-controlled electric off-road buggies sanctioned by the International Federation of Model Auto Racing ( IFMAR ) . It was run over two separate classes ( 2WD and 4WD ) over eight days from 3 to 10 October , with each class running for three days each in total . The national sanctioning body , Japan Model Racing Car Association ( JMRCA ) , acted as the host nation on behalf of the Far East Model Car Association ( FEMCA ) , with JMRCA Kanto acting as the host club for the championship taking place at the Yatabe Arena in Tsukuba in Ibaraki Prefecture . This was the arena 's third time hosting the event and its second time hosting a 1:10 off-road race , the first since the 1995 event . It also became the first Off-Road Worlds to take place in an indoor venue since 1999 . The event was best known for its decision to be run on artificial turf for the first time , ending a tradition of dirt tracks in the tournament 's entire 30-year history , a decision that has not been met without controversy . As a result of this controversy , the decision became known as Astrogate and the event as Turf Worlds . Jared Tebo and Steven Hartson , both of the United States , were the defending champions of the 2WD and 4WD class respectively . The 2WD class was won by Team Associated 's Spencer Rivkin who , at the age of 16 , became the youngest driver to win the 1:10 off-road race . After losing to Naoto Matsukura in electric touring car when he won the last two of three heats needed to secure a title the previous year , XRAY 's Bruno Coelho of Portugal won the 4WD class ."}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2WD : Spencer Rivkin ( Team Associated ) 4WD : Bruno Coelho ( XRAY )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associated_Electrics', 'summary': "Associated Electrics , Incorporated of Lake Forest , California is one of the world 's leading manufacturers of radio controlled cars , trucks and accessories . Associated Electrics is now owned by Thunder Tiger Corporation from Taiwan . The company is usually referred to as Team Associated ."}]}, {'value': '3-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis', 'summary': "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye ."}]}, {'value': '2015 China Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_China_Open_(tennis)', 'summary': "The 2015 China Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 17th edition of the China Open for the men ( 19th for the women ) . It was part of ATP World Tour 500 series on the 2015 ATP World Tour , and the last WTA Premier Mandatory tournament of the 2015 WTA Tour . Both the men 's and the women 's events were held at the National Tennis Center in Beijing , China , from October 5 to October 11 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Men : Novak Djokovic Women : Garbiñe Muguruza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novak_Djokovic', 'summary': "Novak Djokovic ( Serbian : Новак Ђоковић , romanized : Novak Đoković , pronounced [ nôʋaːk dʑôːkoʋitɕ ] ( listen ) ; born 22 May 1987 ) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No . 1 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . Djokovic has won 17 Grand Slam singles titles , the third-most in history for a male player , five ATP Finals titles , 34 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles , 13 ATP Tour 500 titles , and has held the No . 1 spot in the ATP rankings for over 275 weeks . In majors , he has won a record eight Australian Open titles , five Wimbledon titles , three US Open titles , and one French Open title . By winning the 2016 French Open , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam and the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . He is the only male player to have won all nine of the Masters 1000 tournaments . Djokovic was also a member of Serbia 's winning Davis Cup team in 2010 and in the 2020 ATP Cup . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No . 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . He is a six-time ITF World Champion and a five-time ATP year-end No . 1 ranked player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Garbiñe_Muguruza', 'summary': 'Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaɾˈβiɲe muɣuˈɾuθa ˈβlaŋko ] ; [ a ] born 8 October 1993 ) is a Spanish-Venezuelan tennis player and former world No . 1 . Since turning professional in 2012 , she has won seven singles titles , including two majors , the 2016 French Open and the 2017 Wimbledon Championships . With powerful groundstrokes and an aggressive style , Muguruza came to prominence in 2014 after reaching the last 16 at the Australian Open , beating former world No . 1 Caroline Wozniacki en route . She then defeated then world No . 1 Serena Williams in the second round of the French Open , beating her in straight sets in Williams most lopsided loss at a Grand Slam , and reaching the quarterfinals . In 2015 , at the Wimbledon Championships , she made it to her first Grand Slam final where she lost to Serena Williams , and then won her maiden Premier-level crown by capturing the China Open title . The same year , she qualified for her first WTA Finals in singles , scoring a perfect winning record in the round-robin stage before losing to eventual champion Agnieszka Radwańska in the semi-finals . Muguruza has been successful in doubles , winning five titles , finishing runner-up at the 2015 WTA Finals and reaching the 2014 French Open semifinals . She achieved those results with her compatriot Carla Suárez Navarro .'}]}, {'value': '5-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volleyball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volleyball', 'summary': "Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net . Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team 's court under organized rules . It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964 . The complete set of rules are extensive , but play essentially proceeds as follows : a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally ' by serving the ball ( tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm ) , from behind the back boundary line of the court , over the net , and into the receiving team 's court . The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court . The team may touch the ball up to 3 times , but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively . Typically , the first two touches are used to set up for an attack , an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court . The rally continues , with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches , until either ( 1 ) : a team makes a kill , grounding the ball on the opponent 's court and winning the rally ; or ( 2 ) : a team commits a fault and loses the rally . The team that wins the rally is awarded a point and serves the ball to start the next rally . A few of the most common faults include :"}]}, {'value': "2015 Men 's NORCECA Volleyball Championship", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015_Men's_NORCECA_Volleyball_Championship", 'summary': "The 2015 Men 's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 24th edition of the tournament , played from 5 to 10 October 2015 in Córdoba , Mexico . The top 4 teams who had not yet qualified from the 2016 Summer Olympics automatically qualified to the NORCECA Olympic Qualifier ."}]}, {'value': 'Continental', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canada_men's_national_volleyball_team", 'summary': "The Canada men 's national volleyball team represents Canada in international volleyball competitions . The team placed third in the Pan American Games in 1979 , 1999 , and 2015 . Canada 's other achievements include a fourth place at the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games and two bronze medals at the Pan American Games in 1979 and 1999 . They have participated in four Olympic Games , including most recently a fifth-place finish at Rio 2016 , after returning to the Games following a quartercentury absence . Canada hosted the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto where they beat Puerto Rico for the bronze medal . Canada competed at the FIVB Volleyball Men 's World Cup in 2015 for the first time in 12 years , finishing seventh . They last appeared in 2003 , also finishing seventh . They finished joint-seventh at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men 's World Championship ."}]}, {'value': '5-15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amateur boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amateur_boxing', 'summary': 'Amateur boxing is a variant of boxing practised at the collegiate level , at the Olympic Games , Pan American Games and Commonwealth Games , as well as many associations .'}]}, {'value': '2015 AIBA World Boxing Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_AIBA_World_Boxing_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2015 AIBA World Boxing Championships was held at the Ali Bin Hamad Al Attiya Arena in Doha , Qatar from 5 to 18 October 2015 . This was a qualifying tournament for the 2016 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': '8-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Golf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golf', 'summary': "Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible . Golf , unlike most ball games , can not and does not utilize a standardized playing area , and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game . The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes , though recreational courses can be smaller , often having nine holes . Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from , and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup 4 1⁄4 inches ( 11 cm ) in diameter . There are other standard forms of terrain in between , such as the fairway , rough ( long grass ) , bunkers ( or sand traps ) , and various hazards ( water , rocks ) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement . Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual , known as stroke play , or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team , known as match play . Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels , but most especially at the elite level . The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland . The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764 . Golf 's first major , and the world 's oldest tournament in existence , is The Open Championship , also known as the British Open , which was first played in 1860 in Ayrshire , Scotland . This is one of the four major championships in men 's professional golf , the other three being played in the United States : The Masters , the U.S. Open , and the PGA Championship ."}]}, {'value': '2015 Presidents Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Presidents_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2015 Presidents Cup was the 11th Presidents Cup , played at the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club Korea in Incheon , South Korea from 8-11 October . It was the first time the Presidents Cup was played in Asia . The United States won for the sixth successive time with a 15\u200b1⁄2-14\u200b1⁄2 victory over the International team .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '9-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volleyball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volleyball', 'summary': "Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net . Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team 's court under organized rules . It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964 . The complete set of rules are extensive , but play essentially proceeds as follows : a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally ' by serving the ball ( tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm ) , from behind the back boundary line of the court , over the net , and into the receiving team 's court . The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court . The team may touch the ball up to 3 times , but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively . Typically , the first two touches are used to set up for an attack , an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court . The rally continues , with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches , until either ( 1 ) : a team makes a kill , grounding the ball on the opponent 's court and winning the rally ; or ( 2 ) : a team commits a fault and loses the rally . The team that wins the rally is awarded a point and serves the ball to start the next rally . A few of the most common faults include :"}]}, {'value': "/ 2015 Men 's European Volleyball Championship", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015_Men's_European_Volleyball_Championship", 'summary': "The 2015 Men 's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the Men 's European Volleyball Championship , organised by Europe 's governing volleyball body , the CEV . It was held in Bulgaria and Italy from 9 to 18 October 2015 . For the first time the competition had an official song ; Heroes featuring vocals by Niki Bakalov . France won their first title in the tournament by defeating Slovenia , which went to the final for the first time , in straight sets . Antonin Rouzier was elected the Most Valuable Player ."}]}, {'value': 'Continental', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/France_men's_national_volleyball_team", 'summary': "The France national men 's volleyball team represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches . It is the reigning European Champion since 2015 and is ranked 10th ( as of August 2016 ) in the FIVB world ranking . France have been competing in the World League ever since the inaugural edition in 1990 and continuously since 1999 . In 2006 they finished second to Brazil but had their share of disappointment in subsequent seasons . In 2009 they narrowly missed making the Final Six , falling at the last hurdle to Argentina . They suffered another setback in 2010 when they again missed the finals and finished 12th . France competed in the Olympic Games for the fourth time in Rio 2016 , finishing ninth . Their best ever Olympic performance was an eighth place in Seoul 1988 . France in 2015 year winner gold medalist European Championship and World League ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Association football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Association_football', 'summary': "Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , [ a ] is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players . It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies , making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal . Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The ball is 68-70 cm ( 27-28 in ) in circumference and known as the football . The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team 's goal ( between the posts and under the bar ) , thereby scoring a goal . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner ; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw . Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game : to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks . Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play , except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms . The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins ."}]}, {'value': '2015 CONCACAF Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_CONCACAF_Cup', 'summary': "The CONCACAF Cup ( officially the CONCACAF Cup presented by Scotiabank for sponsorship reasons ) was an international football play-off match to determine CONCACAF 's entry into the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia . The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup winner United States played against the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup winner Mexico on 10 October 2015 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , United States . Mexico won the match 3-2 after extra time , therefore qualifying for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Continental', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Mexico national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de México ) represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation ( Spanish : Federación Mexicana de Fútbol ) . It competes as a member of CONCACAF , which encompasses the countries of North and Central America , and the Caribbean . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca . Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994 , making it one of six countries to do so . The Mexico national team , along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups . Mexico played France in the very first match of the first World Cup on 13 July 1930 . Mexico 's best progression in World Cups has been reaching the quarter-finals in both the 1970 and 1986 World Cups , both of which were staged on Mexican soil . Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region , having won eleven confederation titles , including eight CONCACAF Gold Cups and three CONCACAF Championships ( the precursor to the Gold Cup ) , as well as three NAFC Championships , one North American Nations Cup , and one CONCACAF Cup . It is one of eight nations [ a ] to have won two of the three most important football tournaments ( the World Cup , Confederations Cup , and Summer Olympics ) , having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics . Mexico is also the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition , winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF , the national team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América from 1993 to 2016 , finishing runner-up twice - in 1993 and 2001 - and obtaining the third-place medal on three occasions ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Formula One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Formula_One', 'summary': "Formula One ( also known as Formula 1 or F1 ) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) and owned by the Formula One Group . The World Drivers ' Championship , which became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981 , has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950 . The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants ' cars must conform . A Formula One season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( French for 'grand prizes ' or 'great prizes ' ) , which take place worldwide on purpose-built circuits and on public roads . The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships : one for drivers , the other for constructors . Drivers must hold valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races must run on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA . Most events occur in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but several events take place on city streets . Formula One cars are the fastest regulated road-course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . The cars underwent major changes in 2017 , allowing wider front and rear wings , and wider tyres , resulting in peak cornering forces near 6.5 lateral g and top speeds of up to approximately 350 km/h ( 215 mph ) . As of 2019 [ update ] the hybrid engines are limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm , the cars are very dependent on electronics and aerodynamics , suspension and tyres . Traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2015 Russian Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Russian_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "The 2015 Russian Grand Prix ( formally known as the 2015 Formula 1 Russian Grand Prix ; Russian : Гран-при России 2015 года , romanized : Gran-pri Rossii 2015 goda ) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 11 October 2015 . The fifty-three lap race was held at the Sochi Autodrom . This was the fifteenth round of the 2015 season and marked the second time that the Russian Grand Prix was run as a round of the Formula One World Championship since its inception in 1950 . Lewis Hamilton won the race for the second season in a row , extending his Drivers ' Championship lead to 66 points . With Nico Rosberg retiring early in the race , Sebastian Vettel reclaimed second place in the standings for the first time since his round two victory in Malaysia with a second-place finish . Sergio Pérez completed the podium in third for Force India . Mercedes secured their second consecutive Constructors ' Championship , having done so at the same event the previous season ."}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lewis Hamilton ( Mercedes )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton', 'summary': "Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE HonFREng ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British racing driver who races in Formula One for Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport . A six-time Formula One World Champion , he is widely regarded as one of the greatest drivers in the history of the sport , and considered by some to be the greatest of all time . [ note 2 ] He won his first World Drivers ' Championship with McLaren in 2008 , before moving to Mercedes in 2013 , with whom he has won a further five titles . One of the most successful drivers in the history of the sport , Hamilton 's six World Championship titles is the second-most of all time , as is his tally of 84 race victories and 151 podium finishes . He currently holds the records for the all-time most career points ( 3431 ) , the all-time most pole positions ( 88 ) , the most grand slams in a season ( 3 ) and the most points in a season ( 413 ) . [ note 3 ] Born and raised in Stevenage , Hertfordshire , Hamilton enjoyed a successful ascent up the racing ladder and was signed to the McLaren young driver programme in 1998 . This later resulted in a Formula One drive with McLaren in 2007 , making Hamilton the first and only black driver to race in the sport . [ note 4 ] That season , Hamilton set numerous records as he finished runner-up to Kimi Räikkönen by one point . The following season , he won his maiden title in dramatic fashion - making a crucial overtake on the last corner of the last lap in the last race of the season - to become the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history . After four more years with McLaren without finishing higher than fourth in the drivers ' standings , Hamilton signed with Mercedes in 2013 , reuniting with his childhood karting teammate , Nico Rosberg . Changes to regulations for 2014 mandating the use of turbo-hybrid engines contributed to the start of a highly successful period for Hamilton , during which he has won five further World Championship titles . Hamilton won consecutive titles in 2014 and 2015 during an intense and sometimes volatile rivalry with teammate Nico Rosberg , to match his hero Ayrton Senna 's three World Championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Mercedes-Benz , through its subsidiary Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix Limited , is currently involved in Formula One as a constructor under the name of Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team . The team is based in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom , using a German licence . Mercedes-Benz competed in the pre-war European Championship winning three titles and debuted in Formula One in 1954 , running a team for two years . The team is also known by their nickname , the Silver Arrows . After winning their first race at the 1954 French Grand Prix , driver Juan Manuel Fangio won another three Grands Prix to win the 1954 Drivers ' Championship and repeated this success in 1955 . Despite winning two Drivers ' Championships , Mercedes-Benz withdrew from motor racing in response to the 1955 Le Mans disaster and did not return to Formula One until rejoining as an engine supplier in association with Ilmor , a British independent high-performance autosport engineering company later acquired by Mercedes , in 1994 . In addition to its factory team , Mercedes currently supplies engines to Racing Point and Williams . The manufacturer has collected more than 180 wins as an engine supplier and is ranked second in Formula One history . Seven Constructors ' and 11 Drivers ' Championships have been won with Mercedes-Benz engines . Mercedes has become one of the most successful teams in recent Formula One history , having achieved consecutive Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships from 2014 to 2019 . In 2014 , Mercedes managed 11 one-two finishes beating McLaren 's 1988 record of 10 . The record was extended the following year with 12 one-two finishes ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marathon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marathon', 'summary': 'The marathon is a long-distance race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometres ( approximately 26 miles 385 yards ) , usually run as a road race . The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides , a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens , who reported the victory . The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy . There are also wheelchair divisions . The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896 , though the distance did not become standardized until 1921 . More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year , with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes , as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants .'}]}, {'value': '2015 Chicago Marathon ( WMM # 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Chicago_Marathon', 'summary': 'The 2015 Chicago Marathon was the 38th edition of the Chicago Marathon , held in Chicago , Illinois , on Sunday , October 11 .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Men : Dickson Chumba Women : Florence Kiplagat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dickson_Chumba', 'summary': 'Dickson Kiptolo Chumba ( born 27 October 1986 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in marathon races . He has won the Rome , Eindhoven , Tokyo , and Chicago marathons and has a personal best of 2:05:30 for the distance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Florence_Kiplagat', 'summary': "Florence Jebet Kiplagat ( born 27 February 1987 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner . She is a two-time world champion , having won at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the world record holder for the women 's half marathon with a time of 1:05:09 hours until it was broken by Peres Jepchirchir on 10 February 2017 at the RAK Half Marathon . She has also represented Kenya on the track , having won the silver medal over 5000 m at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics . She competed in the 10,000 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and was the Kenyan record holder in the event with her best of 30:11.53 minutes until it was broken by Vivian Cheruiyot on 12 August 2016 at the Rio Olympic Games . Kiplagat is currently part of the NN Running Team , an international team of elite long-distance runners managed by Global Sports Communication ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Motorcycle racing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motorcycle_racing', 'summary': 'Motorcycle racing ( also called moto racing and motorbike racing ) is the motorcycle sport of racing motorcycles . Major varieties include motorcycle road racing and off-road racing , both either on circuits or open courses , and track racing . Other categories include hill climbs , drag racing and land speed record trials .'}]}, {'value': '2015 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Japanese_motorcycle_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'The 2015 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifteenth round of the 2015 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season , consisting of the MotoGP , Moto2 and Moto3 classes . It was held at the Twin Ring Motegi in Motegi on 11 October 2015 . In the premier class , the race began in damp conditions but dried out over the course of the race . Jorge Lorenzo had started on pole but faded to third with tyre issues , and it was Dani Pedrosa that achieved his first victory since the 2014 Czech Republic Grand Prix , and as a result , became the eighth rider to record 50 victories at World Championship level . Valentino Rossi extended his championship lead to eighteen with a second-place finish , ahead of Lorenzo . During free practice , Alex de Angelis crashed heavily and was taken to hospital in a critical but stable condition . De Angelis missed the remainder of the season as a result of the crash . In the intermediate Moto2 class , Esteve Rabat pulled out of the weekend due to injury and as a result , Johann Zarco won his first World Championship title , and the first by a French rider in the intermediate class since Olivier Jacque in 2000 . Zarco went on to win the shortened race ahead of German duo Jonas Folger and Sandro Cortese . In the Moto3 race also shortened by weather delays , Niccolò Antonelli took his second win of the season ahead of Miguel Oliveira and Jorge Navarro , while championship leader Danny Kent maintained his points lead with sixth place .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MotoGP : Dani Pedrosa ( Repsol Honda Team ) Moto2 : Johann Zarco ( Ajo Motorsport ) Moto3 : Niccolò Antonelli ( Ongetta-Rivacold )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dani_Pedrosa', 'summary': "Daniel Pedrosa Ramal ( born 29 September 1985 ) is a Spanish former Grand Prix motorcycle racer who retired from competition at the end of the 2018 season . He grew up in Castellar del Vallès , a village near Sabadell . He was a 125 cc world champion in 2003 , and is the youngest world champion in 250 cc Grands Prix in the 2004 season . In 2019 , the former Curva Dry Sac , a corner at the Jerez racetrack in Spain was renamed Pedrosa Corner after him . In spite of never being a MotoGP world champion , Pedrosa won races in twelve consecutive seasons in the championship ( 2006-2017 ) . He has also finished as championship runner-up on three occasions ( 2007 , 2010 and 2012 ) . Pedrosa spent 13 seasons riding for Repsol Honda until the end of 2018 . In a televised press announcement , he confirmed his retirement from MotoGP competition on 12 July . In late October , it was confirmed he signed for the KTM MotoGP team as a development test rider for 2019 and 2020 , ending his long association with Honda . Pedrosa replaced KTM 's regular test rider Mika Kallio , who suffered a serious knee injury when racing as a scheduled wildcard entry in July 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Repsol_Honda', 'summary': 'Repsol Honda is the official factory team of Repsol S.A. and the Honda Racing Corporation in the MotoGP World Championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Johann_Zarco', 'summary': 'Johann Zarco ( born 16 July 1990 ) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from France , best known for winning the 2015 and 2016 Moto2 World Championships . Following a difficult 2019 season , for 2020 Zarco is contracted to ride in MotoGP with Avintia Ducati . From 2017 he was a member of the Tech 3 Yamaha MotoGP satellite team , and in early 2018 it was announced that he would ride for the factory KTM MotoGP team from 2019 . In August 2019 , Zarco announced he would not ride for KTM in 2020 , the second-year of his contract . The KTM team then announced in September 2019 he would not ride in the remaining six 2019 events , with test rider Mika Kallio taking his place . Zarco was offered a Honda for the last three races of the 2019 season . Riding for Honda effectively removed the possibility of becoming a Yamaha factory test rider for 2020 . With 16 Grands Prix victories , Zarco is also the most successful French rider in Grand Prix racing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ajo_Motorsport', 'summary': "Ajo Motorsport is a Finnish team competing in the Moto2 and Moto3 classes of Grand Prix motorcycle racing , in the road racing World Championship and in the Spanish and European championships . The team 's leader is former racer Aki Ajo . His son is racer Niki Ajo . The team debuted in 2001 and took its first win in 2003 . Ajo Motorsport has won six world championship titles ; the 125cc championship with Mike Di Meglio in 2008 and Marc Márquez in 2010 , the Moto3 championship in 2012 with Sandro Cortese and 2016 with Brad Binder , and the Moto2 championship in 2015 and 2016 , both with Johann Zarco ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Niccolò_Antonelli', 'summary': 'Niccolò Antonelli ( born 23 February 1996 ) is an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer , and the 2011 winner of the Italian 125GP Championship . Antonelli has also competed in the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup and the Spanish 125GP Championship .'}]}, {'value': '11-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis', 'summary': "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye ."}]}, {'value': '2015 Shanghai Rolex Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Shanghai_Rolex_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2015 Shanghai Rolex Masters was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the seventh edition of the Shanghai ATP Masters 1000 , classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2015 ATP World Tour . It took place at Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai , China from October 11 to October 18 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Novak Djokovic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novak_Djokovic', 'summary': "Novak Djokovic ( Serbian : Новак Ђоковић , romanized : Novak Đoković , pronounced [ nôʋaːk dʑôːkoʋitɕ ] ( listen ) ; born 22 May 1987 ) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No . 1 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . Djokovic has won 17 Grand Slam singles titles , the third-most in history for a male player , five ATP Finals titles , 34 ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles , 13 ATP Tour 500 titles , and has held the No . 1 spot in the ATP rankings for over 275 weeks . In majors , he has won a record eight Australian Open titles , five Wimbledon titles , three US Open titles , and one French Open title . By winning the 2016 French Open , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam and the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces . He is the only male player to have won all nine of the Masters 1000 tournaments . Djokovic was also a member of Serbia 's winning Davis Cup team in 2010 and in the 2020 ATP Cup . Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No . 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . He is a six-time ITF World Champion and a five-time ATP year-end No . 1 ranked player ."}]}, {'value': '13-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amateur wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amateur_wrestling', 'summary': 'Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling . [ citation needed ] There are two international wrestling styles performed in the Olympic Games : freestyle and Greco-Roman . Both styles are under the supervision of United World Wrestling ( UWW ; formerly known as FILA , from the French acronym for International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles ) . A similar style , commonly called collegiate ( also known as scholastic or folkstyle ) , is practiced in colleges and universities , secondary schools , middle schools , and among younger age groups in the United States . Where the style is not specified , this article refers to the international styles of competition on a mat . In February 2013 , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) voted to remove the sport from the 2020 Summer Olympics onwards . On 8 September 2013 , the IOC announced that wrestling would return to the Summer Olympics in 2020 . The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts ( MMA ) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness in the sport and it is considered a core discipline .'}]}, {'value': '2015 World Veterans Wrestling Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'For results , click here', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14-17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triathlon', 'summary': "A triathlon is a multisport race with three continuous and sequential endurance races . The word is of Greek origin , from τρεῖς or treis ( three ) and ἆθλος or athlos ( competition ) . While variations of the sport exist , the most common form includes swimming , cycling , and running over various distances . Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion , including timed transitions between the three races . A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race . This is where the switches from swimming to cycling and cycling to running occur . These areas are used to store bicycles , performance apparel , and any other accessories needed for the next stage of the race . The transition from swim to bike is referred to as T1 and that between the bike and run is referred to as T2 . The athlete 's overall time for the race includes time spent in T1 and T2 . Transition areas vary in size depending on the number of participants expected . In addition , these areas provide a social headquarters before the race . The nature of the sport focuses on persistent and often periodized training in each of the three disciplines , as well as combination workouts and general strength conditioning ."}]}, {'value': '2015 ITU Duathlon World Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Men : Emilio Martín Women : Emma Pallant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Track cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Track_cycling', 'summary': 'Track cycling is a bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes using track bicycles .'}]}, {'value': '2015 UEC European Track Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_UEC_European_Track_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2015 UEC European Track Championships was the sixth edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the Velodrome Suisse in Grenchen , Switzerland , between 14 and 18 October . The Event was organised by the European Cycling Union . All European champions are awarded the UEC European Champion jersey which may be worn by the champion throughout the year when competing in the same event at other competitions . The 10 Olympic events ( sprint , team sprint , team pursuit , keirin and omnium for men and women ) , as well as 11 other events are on the program for these European Championships . For the first time , the elimination races , known within track cycling as Devils ( from the saying Devil take the hindmost ) were contested in their own right .'}]}, {'value': 'Continental', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '16-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Table tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis', 'summary': "Table tennis , also known as ping-pong , is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets . The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net . Except for the initial serve , the rules are generally as follows : players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table , and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once . A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules . Play is fast and demands quick reactions . Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent 's options , giving the hitter a great advantage . Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) , founded in 1926 . ITTF currently includes 226 member associations . The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook . Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988 , with several event categories . From 1988 until 2004 , these were men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles and women 's doubles . Since 2008 , a team event has been played instead of the doubles ."}]}, {'value': "2015 Men 's World Cup", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ma Long', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Long_(table_tennis)', 'summary': "Ma Long ( simplified Chinese : 马龙 ; traditional Chinese : 馬龍 ; pinyin : Mǎ Lóng ; born 20 October 1988 ) is a Chinese table tennis player . The current Olympic and World Champion , he is ranked number 3 in the world ( as of December 2019 ) by the International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) . He has held the ranking of number 1 for a total of 64 months ( and 34 consecutive months from March 2015 ) , the most by any male player in the history of table tennis . Ma was born in Anshan , Liaoning , China . He won a record 5 straight ITTF World Tour tournaments in a row , including a streak of 35 sets , and a record total of 28 ITTF World Tour titles . Since 2014 , he has been the captain of the Chinese National Table Tennis Men 's Team . After a clean sweep victory in the Men 's Singles at the 2016 Rio Olympics , Ma Long became the fifth player to complete a career Grand Slam ( winning the Olympics , World Championships , and World Cup ) , joining Sweden 's Jan-Ove Waldner and China 's Liu Guoliang , Kong Linghui , and Zhang Jike . Additionally , he became the first male player ( and second overall ) in the world to have won every singles title in table tennis . These records have led many to consider him to be the greatest player of all time ."}]}, {'value': '17-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Air racing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_racing', 'summary': 'Air racing is a highly specialised type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course , with the winner either returning the shortest time , the one to complete it with the most points , or to come closest to a previously estimated time .'}]}, {'value': 'Red Bull Air Race World Championship - Las Vegas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Master Class : Matt Hall ( Aircraft : MXS-R from MX Aircraft ) Challenger Class : Mikael Brageot ( Aircraft : Extra 330LX from Extra Flugzeugbau )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Hall_(pilot)', 'summary': 'Matt Hall ( born 16 September 1971 in Newcastle , Australia ) is a third-generation pilot , a former Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) fighter combat instructor , international unlimited aerobatic competitor and the first Australian to be selected to compete in the Red Bull Air Race World Championship , starting in 2009 . He won the championship in the final season of Red Bull Air Race in 2019 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/MX_Aircraft_MXS', 'summary': "The MXS is a single-seat aerobatic aircraft made of carbon fiber and built by MX Aircraft , a manufacturer located in North Carolina . The MXS-R is a race variant flown by several pilots in the Red Bull Air Race World Championship . The planes are all-composite in construction , piston-powered , low-wing monoplanes . They are produced both in kit form for amateur construction , and completed ready to fly at the factory . The two-seat version is called the MX2 and has reached notable fame , becoming vice-world aerobatics advanced champion in 2010 . There are only 12 MXS ' in existence ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Extra_EA-300', 'summary': 'The Extra Flugzeugbau EA300 is a two-seat aerobatic monoplane capable of Unlimited category competition . It was designed in 1987 by Walter Extra , a German aerobatic pilot , and built by Extra Flugzeugbau .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Extra_Aircraft', 'summary': 'The Extra Aircraft company was established in 1980 as Extra Flugzeugbau in Germany by Walter Extra , an aerobatic pilot , to design and develop his own aerobatic aircraft . The company is located at Dinslaken airfield in Hünxe , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . Worldwide production of aircraft is about three units per month with a six-month backlog .'}]}, {'value': '17-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triathlon', 'summary': "A triathlon is a multisport race with three continuous and sequential endurance races . The word is of Greek origin , from τρεῖς or treis ( three ) and ἆθλος or athlos ( competition ) . While variations of the sport exist , the most common form includes swimming , cycling , and running over various distances . Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion , including timed transitions between the three races . A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race . This is where the switches from swimming to cycling and cycling to running occur . These areas are used to store bicycles , performance apparel , and any other accessories needed for the next stage of the race . The transition from swim to bike is referred to as T1 and that between the bike and run is referred to as T2 . The athlete 's overall time for the race includes time spent in T1 and T2 . Transition areas vary in size depending on the number of participants expected . In addition , these areas provide a social headquarters before the race . The nature of the sport focuses on persistent and often periodized training in each of the three disciplines , as well as combination workouts and general strength conditioning ."}]}, {'value': 'Triathlon World Cup # 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Men : João José Pereira Women : Yuliya Yelistratova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/João_José_Pereira', 'summary': 'João José Sales Henriques de Carvalho Pereira ( born 28 December 1987 ) is a Portuguese professional triathlete and member of the Portugal national team . In the Portuguese ranking of the year 2009 Pereira was number 4 in the U23 category , but he took part in only two of the four relevant Portuguese cups . In 2010 , Pereira is number 6 in the Elite ranking . At club level , Pereira represents S.L . Benfica .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yuliya_Yelistratova', 'summary': "Yuliya Oleksandrivna Yelistratova ( Ukrainian : Юлія Олександрівна Єлістратова ; born 15 February 1988 in Ovruch , Zhytomyr Oblast , Ukraine , Russian : Юлия Елистратова ) is a Ukrainian professional triathlete , European U23 champion of the year 2009 , Number 1 in the ITU ranking ( women 's standing ) of the year 2009 with by far the highest total number of races ( 6 ) , several times national champion in various categories and member of the Ukrainian national team . She competed at the 2008 , 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Calendar by month -- October', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2015_in_sports_9', 'intro': "2015 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. This year, some sporting events listed below are qualifying ones, for athletes, to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. From July 2015 to May 2016, the venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will be tested, by hosting various events in them."}
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What Sport does the Participant born on 22 May 1987 play ?
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Tennis
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_European_Grand_Prix', 'title': '2000 European Grand Prix', 'header': ['Pos', 'No', 'Driver', 'Constructor', 'Time', 'Gap'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Coulthard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Coulthard', 'summary': "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_HighPerformanceEngines', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.529', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Schumacher', 'summary': "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.667', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.138', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mika Häkkinen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mika_Häkkinen', 'summary': "Mika Pauli Häkkinen ( Finnish : [ ˈmikɑ ˈhækːinen ] ( listen ) ; born 28 September 1968 ) , nicknamed The Flying Finn , is a Finnish former racing driver . He was the 1998 and 1999 Formula One World Champion , driving for McLaren and has been ranked among the greatest Formula One drivers in various motorsport polls . Häkkinen currently works in driver management and is a brand ambassador for various companies . Häkkinen began his career in karting at the age of five and achieved success by winning regional and national kart championships . He progressed to car racing when he entered the Formula Ford and Formula Three series in Italy and the United Kingdom . After success in the series , Häkkinen entered Formula One in 1991 with the Team Lotus where he remained until 1992 . The following year , he moved to McLaren as test driver before he was promoted to the race team following the departure of Michael Andretti . After four years which yielded minor success for Häkkinen , he scored his first Formula One victory in 1997 . He went on to win eight races of the 1998 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the season ending Japanese Grand Prix ; his success also helped McLaren secure the World Constructors ' Championship . Häkkinen repeated his World Championship success in 1999 , taking five victories . He finished as runner-up in the Drivers ' Championship in 2000 , behind Michael Schumacher and secured two more victories in 2001 before announcing a sabbatical from the sport , which became full-time retirement in mid-2002 . For 2005 , he moved to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ( DTM ) series , where he secured his first victory that year ."}]}, {'value': 'McLaren - Mercedes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLaren', 'summary': "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_HighPerformanceEngines', 'summary': "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1:17.785', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.256', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rubens Barrichello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello', 'summary': "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ."}]}, {'value': 'Ferrari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari', 'summary': "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.227', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.698', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralf Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher', 'summary': "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ."}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.515', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jarno Trulli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jarno_Trulli', 'summary': "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Mugen-Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports', 'summary': "Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co. , Ltd ) ( 無限 ) is a Japanese company formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda , the son of Honda Motor Company founder Soichiro Honda , and Masao Kimura . Mugen , meaning Without Limit , Unlimited or Vast , ( hence the commonly placed word Power after , denoting Unlimited Power ) is an engine tuner and parts manufacturer that manufactures OEM parts such as body kits and sports exhausts for Honda Motor Company . Despite the family connections , however , Mugen is not , and has never been , owned by Honda Motor Company ; Mugen owner Hirotoshi Honda has been the biggest shareholder in Honda since his father 's death in 1991 . The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship , and , additionally , sells aftermarket parts to amateur enthusiasts . It was part of partnerships that won the Formula 3000 championship in 1990 and 1991 , and that eventually led to Mugen 's involvement in Formula One , from 1992 to 2000 , and up to 2005 was the exclusive supplier of Formula Nippon engines ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.612', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.083', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giancarlo Fisichella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella', 'summary': "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Benetton - Playlife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benetton_Formula', 'summary': 'Benetton Formula Ltd. , commonly referred to simply as Benetton , was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001 . The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name . In 2000 , the team was purchased by Renault , but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons . In 2002 , the team became Renault F1 . The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Playlife', 'summary': "Playlife is a fashion company based in Treviso , Italy . The company is owned by the Benetton family and is the sporting label of the clothes manufacturer . Playlife put their name to the engine supply of Formula One team Benetton 's cars from 1998 to 2000 . Playlife engines were re-badged Renault engines that had been acquired by Mecachrome in 1998 and Supertec in 1999 and 2000 . Other teams ran the same engines but kept the Mecachrome/Supertec name such as Williams , Arrows and BAR ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.697', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.168', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Irvine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Irvine', 'summary': "Edmund Irvine Jr. ( born 10 November 1965 ) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland . He competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2002 , and finished runner-up in the 1999 World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Scuderia Ferrari . He began his career at the age of seventeen when he entered the Formula Ford Championship , achieving early success , before progressing to the Formula Three and Formula 3000 Championships . He made his Formula One debut in 1993 with Jordan Grand Prix , where he achieved early notoriety for his involvement in incidents on and off the track . He scored his first podium in 1995 with Jordan , before moving to Ferrari in 1996 . His most successful season was in 1999 when he took four victories and challenged McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen for the World Championship . He moved to Jaguar Racing in 2000 , scoring the team 's first podium in 2001 and his final podium in 2002 . Irvine retired from competitive motorsport at the end of the 2002 season . Since retiring , Irvine became a media personality in Great Britain . He was linked with the takeover of the Jordan and Minardi Formula One teams in 2005 , but talks came to nothing . Irvine also expanded his interests in the property market , having built up an investment portfolio during his racing career ."}]}, {'value': 'Jaguar - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaguar_Racing', 'summary': "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:18.703', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.174', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacques Villeneuve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve', 'summary': "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ."}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.742', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.213', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heinz-Harald Frentzen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heinz-Harald_Frentzen', 'summary': "Heinz-Harald Frentzen ( born 18 May 1967 ) , nicknamed HHF , is a German former racing driver . He finished runner-up in the 1997 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Williams ."}]}, {'value': 'Jordan - Mugen-Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mugen_Motorsports', 'summary': "Mugen Motorsports ( M-TEC Co. , Ltd ) ( 無限 ) is a Japanese company formed in 1973 by Hirotoshi Honda , the son of Honda Motor Company founder Soichiro Honda , and Masao Kimura . Mugen , meaning Without Limit , Unlimited or Vast , ( hence the commonly placed word Power after , denoting Unlimited Power ) is an engine tuner and parts manufacturer that manufactures OEM parts such as body kits and sports exhausts for Honda Motor Company . Despite the family connections , however , Mugen is not , and has never been , owned by Honda Motor Company ; Mugen owner Hirotoshi Honda has been the biggest shareholder in Honda since his father 's death in 1991 . The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the Super GT championship , and , additionally , sells aftermarket parts to amateur enthusiasts . It was part of partnerships that won the Formula 3000 championship in 1990 and 1991 , and that eventually led to Mugen 's involvement in Formula One , from 1992 to 2000 , and up to 2005 was the exclusive supplier of Formula Nippon engines ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.830', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.301', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jenson Button', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jenson_Button', 'summary': "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ."}]}, {'value': 'Williams - BMW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering', 'summary': "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:18.887', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.358', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro de la Rosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Rosa', 'summary': 'Pedro Martínez de la Rosa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpeðɾo ðe la ˈrosa ] ; born 24 February 1971 ) is a Spanish former Formula One driver who has participated in 107 Grands Prix for the Arrows , Jaguar , McLaren , Sauber and HRT teams , debuting on 7 March 1999 , becoming one of very few drivers to score a point at his first race . He has scored a total of 35 championship points , which includes a podium finish at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix . On 21 November 2011 , De la Rosa signed a two-year contract to drive for the HRT F1 team , but he only remained with the team for one season , after HRT withdrew from the 2013 team list , leaving him without a drive for the 2013 season . On 16 January 2013 , De la Rosa was announced as the Ferrari development driver for the 2013 Formula One season . De la Rosa , along with Michael Schumacher was the last F1 driver that had raced in the sport in the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Arrows - Supertec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International', 'summary': 'Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Supertec', 'summary': "Supertec was a brand of Formula One engines supplied by Dutch company Super Performance Competition Engineering BV , managed by Flavio Briatore and Bruno Michel . Supertec engines were updated 1998 Renault RS9 units , built by Mecachrome . In May 1998 Super Performance Competition Engineering signed an exclusive distribution agreement with Mecachrome to begin in the 1999 season . The engines were purchased and rebadged as Supertec . Supertecs powered Williams , Benetton and BAR in 1999 , and Benetton and Arrows in 2000 . The Benetton team rebadged the engines as Playlife . After the 2000 season , Supertec were collapsed due to financial problems and thus Renault Sport F1 bought Supertec 's assets in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.495', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EX', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Heidfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld', 'summary': 'Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E .'}]}, {'value': 'Prost - Peugeot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'Prost Grand Prix was a Formula One racing team owned and managed by four-time Formula One world champion Alain Prost . The team participated in five seasons from 1997 to 2001 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peugeot', 'summary': "Peugeot ( UK : /ˈpɜːʒoʊ/ , US : /p ( j ) uːˈʒoʊ/ ( listen ) , French : [ pøʒo ] ) is a French automotive manufacturer , part of Groupe PSA . The family business that preceded the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810 in France , and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles . On 20 November 1858 , Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot built the company 's first car , an unreliable steam tricycle , in collaboration with Léon Serpollet in 1889 ; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard-Daimler engine . Due to family discord , Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot , in 1896 . The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux , France . Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there . In February 2014 , the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan for Groupe PSA , in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company . Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles , including five European Car of the Year awards . In 2013 and 2014 , Peugeot ranked the second lowest for average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe , the Renault car maker group being ranked first , with 114.9g CO2/km . Peugeot is known as a very reliable brand , citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in Africa and Cuba in the 2010s , where Peugeot is called the lion . Peugeot has been involved successfully in motor sport for more than a century ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.618', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jos Verstappen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jos_Verstappen', 'summary': 'Johannes Franciscus Jos Verstappen ( born 4 March 1972 ) is a Dutch former racing driver . After his F1 career Jos Verstappen has won races in A1 Grand Prix and Le Mans Series LMP2 races ( winning the 24 hours of Le Mans LMP2 class in 2008 ) . Prior to his F1 debut in 1994 , he was also the German Formula Three champion and Masters of Formula Three winner in 1993 . Jos was considered the most successful Dutch F1 racing driver before he retired and began mentoring his son Max in Formula 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Arrows - Supertec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International', 'summary': 'Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Supertec', 'summary': "Supertec was a brand of Formula One engines supplied by Dutch company Super Performance Competition Engineering BV , managed by Flavio Briatore and Bruno Michel . Supertec engines were updated 1998 Renault RS9 units , built by Mecachrome . In May 1998 Super Performance Competition Engineering signed an exclusive distribution agreement with Mecachrome to begin in the 1999 season . The engines were purchased and rebadged as Supertec . Supertecs powered Williams , Benetton and BAR in 1999 , and Benetton and Arrows in 2000 . The Benetton team rebadged the engines as Playlife . After the 2000 season , Supertec were collapsed due to financial problems and thus Renault Sport F1 bought Supertec 's assets in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.190', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.661', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Wurz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Wurz', 'summary': "Alexander Wurz ( born 15 February 1974 ) is an Austrian former professional racing driver , driver training expert and businessman . He competed in Formula One from 1997 until 2007 , and is also a two-time winner of the Le Mans 24 Hours . He is currently under contract to race for the Toyota factory racing team in the WEC ( World Endurance Championship ) . In Formula 1 , he is a commentator for TV and media , as well as being Williams F1 Team 's driver coach , [ citation needed ] chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association , and occasionally a driver steward ."}]}, {'value': 'Benetton - Playlife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benetton_Formula', 'summary': 'Benetton Formula Ltd. , commonly referred to simply as Benetton , was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001 . The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name . In 2000 , the team was purchased by Renault , but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons . In 2002 , the team became Renault F1 . The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Playlife', 'summary': "Playlife is a fashion company based in Treviso , Italy . The company is owned by the Benetton family and is the sporting label of the clothes manufacturer . Playlife put their name to the engine supply of Formula One team Benetton 's cars from 1998 to 2000 . Playlife engines were re-badged Renault engines that had been acquired by Mecachrome in 1998 and Supertec in 1999 and 2000 . Other teams ran the same engines but kept the Mecachrome/Supertec name such as Williams , Arrows and BAR ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.378', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.849', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro Diniz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Diniz', 'summary': "Pedro Paulo Falleiros dos Santos Diniz ( born 22 May 1970 ) is a Brazilian businessman and former racing driver . Diniz began karting at the age of eighteen and achieved minor success , before progressing to car racing in the Brazilian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Forti for the 1995 season . The following year he switched to Ligier and moved to Arrows for 1997 . In 1998 , he finished 14th in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently moved to Sauber for 1999 . He left Sauber after the 2000 season and bought a share in the Prost team , which folded a year later . Since leaving motorsport , Diniz founded the Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship which he ran from 2002 and 2006 , later becoming a partner in Pão de Açúcar and operates an organic produce and dairy farm alongside his wife Tatiana Diniz . He is a Board Member of Food Tank , a non-profit organization that spotlights environmentally , socially , and economically sustainable ways of alleviating hunger , obesity , and poverty and works to create networks of people , organizations , and content to push for food system change . Diniz was considered a pay driver during his career due to his family backing , but he scored ten points during his Formula One career while most pay drivers did not score any ."}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.422', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.893', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Herbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Herbert', 'summary': 'John Paul Johnny Herbert ( born 25 June 1964 ) is a retired British racing driver and television announcer . He raced in Formula One from 1989 to 2000 , for 7 different teams , winning three races and placed 4th in the 1995 championship . He also raced sports cars winning the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1991 driving a Mazda 787B . He enjoyed much success in lower-level motor racing .'}]}, {'value': 'Jaguar - Cosworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaguar_Racing', 'summary': "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosworth', 'summary': 'Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.638', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.109', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean Alesi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Alesi', 'summary': "Jean Alesi ( born Giovanni Alesi ; 11 June 1964 ) is a French racing driver of Italian origin . His father , Franco , was a mechanic from Alcamo , Sicily , and his mother was from Riesi . After successes in the minor categories , notably winning the 1989 Formula 3000 Championship , his Formula One career included spells at Tyrrell , Benetton , Sauber , Prost , Jordan and Ferrari , where he proved very popular among the tifosi . During his spell at Ferrari from 1991 to 1995 , his aggressive driving style , combined with the use of the number 27 on his car , led some journalists , and the tifosi , to compare him to Gilles Villeneuve and he won the 1995 Canadian Grand Prix , but this proved to be the only win of his Formula One career . During his time in Formula One , Alesi was particularly good in the wet , and was a mercurial and passionate racer , whose emotions sometimes got the better of him . After leaving Formula One , from 2002 to 2006 Alesi raced in the DTM championship , winning some races , and his best result was a fifth place in the drivers ' championship . He raced in the Speedcar Series in 2008 and 2009 , and raced at Le Mans in 2010 . He raced in the Indianapolis 500 in 2012 and became the oldest professional driver to perform the rookie test for admission to the competition . For several years he was also a commentator for the Italian TV show Pole Position . In 2006 Alesi was awarded Chevalier de la Légion dhonneur ."}]}, {'value': 'Prost - Peugeot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'Prost Grand Prix was a Formula One racing team owned and managed by four-time Formula One world champion Alain Prost . The team participated in five seasons from 1997 to 2001 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peugeot', 'summary': "Peugeot ( UK : /ˈpɜːʒoʊ/ , US : /p ( j ) uːˈʒoʊ/ ( listen ) , French : [ pøʒo ] ) is a French automotive manufacturer , part of Groupe PSA . The family business that preceded the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810 in France , and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles . On 20 November 1858 , Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot built the company 's first car , an unreliable steam tricycle , in collaboration with Léon Serpollet in 1889 ; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard-Daimler engine . Due to family discord , Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot , in 1896 . The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux , France . Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there . In February 2014 , the shareholders agreed to a recapitalisation plan for Groupe PSA , in which Dongfeng Motors and the French government each bought a 14% stake in the company . Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles , including five European Car of the Year awards . In 2013 and 2014 , Peugeot ranked the second lowest for average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe , the Renault car maker group being ranked first , with 114.9g CO2/km . Peugeot is known as a very reliable brand , citing how its 1950s and 1960s models are still running in Africa and Cuba in the 2010s , where Peugeot is called the lion . Peugeot has been involved successfully in motor sport for more than a century ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.651', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.122', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricardo Zonta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Zonta', 'summary': 'Ricardo Luiz Zonta ( born March 23 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian professional racing driver .'}]}, {'value': 'BAR - Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_American_Racing', 'summary': "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One', 'summary': "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ."}]}, {'value': '1:19.766', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.237', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mika Salo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mika_Salo', 'summary': 'Mika Juhani Salo ( born 30 November 1966 ) is a Finnish former professional racing driver . He competed in Formula One between 1994 and 2002 . His best ranking was 10th in the world championship in 1999 , when he stood in for the injured Michael Schumacher at Ferrari for six races , scoring two podiums . He also won the GT2 class in the 2008 and 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans .'}]}, {'value': 'Sauber - Petronas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sauber', 'summary': "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering', 'summary': 'Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended .'}]}, {'value': '1:19.814', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2.285', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Qualifying -- Qualifying classification', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2000_European_Grand_Prix_0', 'intro': "The 2000 European Grand Prix (officially the XLIV Warsteiner Grand Prix d'Europe) was a Formula One motor race held on 21 May 2000 at the Nürburgring in the German town of Nürburg in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. 142,000 spectators attended the event. It was the sixth round of the 2000 Formula One World Championship and the ninth edition of the event as a standalone race. The 67-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from second place. Mika Häkkinen of the McLaren team finished in second and his teammate David Coulthard was third. Coulthard won the ninth pole position of his career by recording the fastest lap in qualifying. His teammate Häkkinen made a brisk getaway from third to take the lead into the first corner. He led the first ten laps until Michael Schumacher overtook him on lap 11. Heavy rain on lap 12 prompted the entire field to make pit stops and switch from the dry compound tyres to the wet-weather tyres. Michael Schumacher continued to lead until his second pit stop on lap 36, relinquishing the position to Häkkinen for the following nine laps, after which the Ferrari driver regained the position. Michael Schumacher won the race, with Häkkinen 13.822 seconds behind in second, and Coulthard one lap adrift in third. It was Schumacher's second victory at the Nürburgring, his fourth of the season, and the 39th of his career."}
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Which race did the driver that finished with a time of 1:18.697 in the qualifying classification of the 2000 European Grand Prix which had been abandoned for safety reasons ?
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Brazilian Grand Prix
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02dab0faed6217e7
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald's_All-American_Game", 'title': "McDonald's All-American Game", 'header': ['Year', 'Dunk Contest', '3-Point Contest'], 'data': [{'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Porter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerome Harmon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerome_Harmon_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Jerome Harmon ( born February 6 , 1969 in Gary , Indiana ) is a retired professional basketball shooting guard who spent one season in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the Philadelphia 76ers . He attended the University of Louisville .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Steigenga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Steigenga', 'summary': "Matthew Todd Steigenga ( born March 27 , 1970 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . He was a 6 ' 7 , 220-40 lbs . power forward who most notably played a part of one season with the Chicago Bulls and a season in the Liga ACB ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': 'James Hollywood Robinson ( born August 31 , 1970 ) is a former American professional basketball player , most notably in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Robinson , an undersized 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) shooting guard , attended the University of Alabama before being selected with the 21st overall pick in the 1993 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers .'}]}, {'value': 'Pat Graham', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darrin Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darrin_Hancock', 'summary': "Darrin Hancock ( born November 3 , 1971 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . In high school and college he was known for his strong offense , while his quick and agile moves to the basket drew comparisons to the likes of Dominique Wilkins . A Parade Magazine and McDonald 's All-American standout at Griffin High School ( Griffin , GA ) , Hancock was ranked among the country 's best high school basketball players in the late 1980s . He played his first two college seasons at Garden City Community College , where he was considered one of the top junior college recruits in the nation before transferring to the University of Kansas . There he was the starting small forward on the Kansas Jayhawks ' Final Four-bound squad in the 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament . Hancock left college after his junior year to play professional basketball and eventually found success in United States semi-pro basketball leagues after several uneventful stints in the NBA . He is considered to be among the best all-time Georgia high school basketball players in the state 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Adrian Autry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Autry', 'summary': "Adrian Red Christopher Autry ( born February 28 , 1972 ) is a retired American basketball player and current assistant coach for Syracuse University men 's basketball team . A former point guard for the Orange , Autry played from 1990-1994 and is currently ranked fifth in career assist ( 631 ) and sixth in career steals ( 217 ) . After leaving Syracuse , Autry played professionally from 1995-2005 for Besiktas Istanbul , SSV Ulm 1846 , Long Island Surf , Sicc BPA Jesi , Paf Bologna , Fabriano Basket , Mabo Livorno , Brooklyn Kings , SLUC Nancy Basket , Brandt Hagen , Lokomotiv Novosibirsk , Verviers-Pepinster , and Deichman Śląsk Wrocław . Autry also played for the USBL . After a 10-year career , Autry retired in 2005 and returned to the states to begin his career as a coach ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_King', 'summary': "Jimmy Hal King ( born August 9 , 1973 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . King played in the NBA and other leagues . He is most famous for his time spent on the famed University of Michigan Wolverines Fab Five along with Ray Jackson , Juwan Howard , Chris Webber , and Jalen Rose , who reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores . He played all four years at Michigan and averaged 15 points per game as a senior in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sharone Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharone_Wright', 'summary': "Sharone Addaryl Wright ( born January 30 , 1973 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . Born in Macon , Georgia , he played collegiately at Clemson University from 1990 until 1994 . Wright was selected 6th overall in the 1994 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers . He played four NBA seasons with the 76ers and Toronto Raptors . His best year as a professional came during his rookie season with the 76ers when he appeared in 79 games and averaged 11.4 points and 6 rebounds per game . He was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team . While still a member of the Raptors , Wright 's NBA career was cut short by a car accident in Macon , Georgia in which he suffered multiple injuries , including broken arms and collarbone . In 203 career games , he averaged 9.7 points ( from .456 FG and .618 FT ) , 5.0 rebounds and 1.6 blocks in 22.3 minutes per game . He also played professionally in Spain , Poland , South Korea as well as in the Netherlands with the EiffelTowers , where he won the Dutch title as a player and also the Dutch cup . He also won the game against Real Madrid Wright later became a coach for HOOP-CAMPS in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Strong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Collins_(basketball)', 'summary': "Christopher Ryan Collins ( born April 19 , 1974 ) is an American basketball player and coach from Northbrook , Illinois . He is currently the head men 's coach at Northwestern University . Collins previously served as associate head coach of the Duke University men 's basketball team and is the son of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player , coach , and commentator Doug Collins ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Stackhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Stackhouse', 'summary': 'Jerry Darnell Stackhouse ( born November 5 , 1974 ) is an American basketball coach and retired professional basketball player . He is currently the head coach of the Vanderbilt Commodores , and he played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He formerly was the head coach of Raptors 905 and an assistant coach for the Toronto Raptors and Memphis Grizzlies . Additionally , he has worked as an NBA TV analyst . Stackhouse played college basketball at North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Kingsbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Kingsbury', 'summary': 'Christopher J. Kingsbury ( born September 18 , 1974 ) is an American former professional basketball player . A shooting guard who was known for his long range 3-point shooting , he was one of the top ranked players in the 1993 high school class . He played 3 years of college basketball with the Iowa Hawkeyes , and left after his junior year to declare for the 1996 NBA Draft . After going undrafted he played in the CBA , the IBL and in Italy before retiring from professional basketball in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricky Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Price', 'summary': 'Ricky Earl Price ( born September 16 , 1987 ) is a former American football safety . He was signed by the Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2009 and played for the Chiefs in the 2009 and 2010 season . He played college football at Oklahoma State .'}]}, {'value': 'Trajan Langdon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trajan_Langdon', 'summary': 'Trajan Shaka Langdon ( born May 13 , 1976 ) is an American basketball executive and former professional player . He is the current general manager of the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) and 211 lb ( 96 kg ) shooting guard , he first gained fame in the U.S. while playing college basketball at Duke University . Following a three-year NBA stint , Langdon had a very successful career in Europe . A three-time All-EuroLeague Team member and the EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 2008 , he won two EuroLeague titles with CSKA Moscow in 2006 and 2008 . In March 2016 , he was named the assistant general manager of the Brooklyn Nets , serving in the role until May 2019 , when he was named the general manager of the Pelicans .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vince Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vince_Carter', 'summary': "Vincent Lamar Carter Jr. ( born January 26 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He is 6 feet 6 inches ( 1.98 m ) tall and plays both shooting guard and small forward but occasionally has played power forward during the latter part of his career . Carter is the only player in NBA history to play 22 seasons ; the only player to play in four different decades ( 1990s , 2000s , 2010s , and 2020s ) ; and , at 43 years old , he is the oldest active NBA player , and the last one that was born in the 1970s . Carter is widely regarded as one of the greatest dunkers of all time . A high school McDonald 's All-American , Carter played college basketball for three years with the North Carolina Tar Heels and twice advanced to the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament . He was selected with the fifth overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors , who traded him to the Toronto Raptors . Carter emerged as a star in Toronto . He won the 1999 NBA Rookie of the Year Award and won the Slam Dunk Contest at the 2000 NBA All-Star Weekend . That summer , he represented the United States in the Summer Olympics , winning a gold medal . He entertained crowds with his leaping ability and slam dunks , earning nicknames such as Vinsanity , Air Canada , and Half-Man , Half-Amazing . In December 2004 , Carter was traded to the New Jersey Nets , where he continued to put up big numbers . Carter has also played for the Orlando Magic , Phoenix Suns , Dallas Mavericks , Memphis Grizzlies , Sacramento Kings , and Atlanta Hawks ."}]}, {'value': 'Louis Bullock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Bullock', 'summary': "Louis Lou Bullock , Jr. ( born May 20 , 1976 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Although his records have officially been vacated , due to the University of Michigan basketball scandal , his vacated records are unsurpassed for most single-season three-point field goals and career free throws in Michigan Wolverines men 's basketball . In 2011 , Jon Diebler surpassed his career three point total , for the Big Ten Conference record ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lester Earl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nate James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nate_James_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Nate James ( born August 7 , 1977 ) is a retired American basketball player and a current associate head coach at Duke University .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baron Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baron_Davis', 'summary': 'Baron Walter Louis Davis ( born April 13 , 1979 ) is an American former professional basketball player who is a studio analyst for The NBA on TNT . He is a two-time NBA All-Star . He was drafted with the third overall pick in the 1999 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets . He also played in the NBA for the New Orleans Hornets , Golden State Warriors , Los Angeles Clippers , Cleveland Cavaliers and New York Knicks . Davis played college basketball for UCLA , where he was an All-American honoree before turning professional after his sophomore year . He was a star high school player while at Crossroads School .'}]}, {'value': 'Shane Battier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shane_Battier', 'summary': "Shane Courtney Battier ( born September 9 , 1978 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played for various teams of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has also been a member of the U.S. national basketball team . Battier was born and raised in Birmingham , Michigan , and attended Detroit Country Day School in nearby Beverly Hills , where he won many awards including the 1997 Mr. Basketball award . He went on to play four years of college basketball at Duke , where he captured the 2001 National Championship and swept the major National Player of the Year awards . Battier was selected with the sixth overall pick of the 2001 NBA draft by the Vancouver Grizzlies ( who soon became the Memphis Grizzlies ) . He was traded five years later to the Houston Rockets , and was then traded back to the Memphis Grizzlies during the 2010-2011 NBA season . He signed with the Miami Heat in 2011 . His number has been retired by both Detroit Country Day School and Duke University . He has been recognized for his aggressive defense and has routinely guarded the league 's most dangerous offensive players . He is the only basketball player to have ever won both the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award ( 1997 ) and the Naismith College Player of the Year ( 2001 ) . Battier won two NBA championships with the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronald Curry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Curry', 'summary': 'Ronald Antonio Curry ( born May 28 , 1979 ) is a former American football wide receiver and current wide receivers coach with the New Orleans Saints . He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the seventh round of the 2002 NFL Draft after playing college football at North Carolina . Curry was also briefly a member of the Detroit Lions and St. Louis Rams .'}]}, {'value': 'Teddy Dupay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donnell Harvey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donnell_Harvey', 'summary': "Donnell Eugene Harvey ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He previously played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for the New Jersey Nets , Denver Nuggets , Dallas Mavericks , Orlando Magic , and Phoenix Suns . Harvey was born in Shellman , Georgia . He attended Randolph-Clay High School in Cuthbert , Georgia where he was the consensus 1999 national high school player of the year . In 1999 , he was in the McDonald 's All-America Game , was in the USA Today All-USA 1st Team in 1999 , and got the Naismith Award as nation 's top high school player in 1999 . Harvey accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida , where he played for coach Billy Donovan 's Florida Gators men 's basketball team during the 1999-2000 season . After starting three-fourths of the Gators ' first 12 games , he lost his starting spot to Brent Wright after returning home over the New Year 's break because of homesickness . Harvey averaged 10.2 points , 7.0 rebounds and 1.0 assists per game and was voted to the SEC All-Freshman Team in his only season playing college basketball . Harvey was selected by the New York Knicks with the 22nd overall pick of the 2000 NBA Draft and then traded , along with John Wallace , to the Mavericks in exchange for Erick Strickland and Pete Mickeal . He was in Dallas until he was traded to the Denver Nuggets in February 2002 . Harvey then latched on to the Orlando Magic in September 2003 , only to be traded to the Phoenix Suns in December 2003 . He was signed then waived by the Atlanta Hawks in October 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jason Kapono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Kapono', 'summary': "Jason Alan Kapono ( born February 4 , 1981 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He was the first National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player to lead the league in three-point field goal percentage in two consecutive seasons , and he also won the Three-Point Shootout twice ( 2007 , 2008 ) . He won an NBA championship with the Miami Heat in 2006 . Kapono played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins . He was the first player in the school 's history to earn first-team All-Pac-10 honors for four years and was also the first UCLA player to lead the team in scoring four straight years . Kapono began his NBA career with the Cleveland Cavaliers , who drafted him in the second round of the 2003 NBA Draft . He later played in the NBA for the Charlotte Bobcats , Miami , Toronto Raptors , Philadelphia 76ers , and the Los Angeles Lakers before joining Panathinaikos B.C . in Greece ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DeShawn Stevenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DeShawn_Stevenson', 'summary': 'DeShawn Stevenson ( born April 3 , 1981 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Stevenson played for six teams in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) during a 13-year career . He originally committed to play at the University of Kansas , but decided to enter the NBA directly from high school and was picked by the Utah Jazz with the 23rd selection of the 2000 NBA draft . Stevenson is known for his defense and his athleticism . He was a member of the Dallas Mavericks team that won an NBA championship in 2011 . In 2017 , Stevenson joined Power , one of the eight BIG3 basketball league teams .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Duhon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Duhon', 'summary': "Christopher Nicholas Duhon ( born August 31 , 1982 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Duhon was a point guard for the Duke Blue Devils men 's basketball team from 2000 to 2004 . He then played for the Chicago Bulls , New York Knicks , Orlando Magic and Los Angeles Lakers ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Lee_(basketball)', 'summary': 'David Lee ( born April 29 , 1983 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played college basketball for the Florida Gators before he was drafted 30th overall by the New York Knicks in the 2005 NBA draft . In the 2009-10 season , Lee received his first All-Star selection with the Knicks . In the 2010 offseason , Lee was signed and traded to the Golden State Warriors . With the Warriors , Lee received a second All-Star selection , became an All-NBA Team member , and won an NBA championship in 2015 in his fifth and final season with the team . After short stints with three other NBA teams and becoming a free agent in June 2017 , Lee retired in November 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mo Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mo_Williams', 'summary': "Maurice Williams ( born December 19 , 1982 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . After a successful high school career at Murrah High School , Williams attended college at the University of Alabama , where he led his team as a freshman to a 27-8 record , and also shared an SEC regular-season championship . After two seasons at Alabama , Williams entered the 2003 NBA draft where he was selected with the 47th overall pick by the Utah Jazz . Throughout his career , he has also played for the Milwaukee Bucks , Los Angeles Clippers , Portland Trail Blazers , Minnesota Timberwolves , Charlotte Hornets and Cleveland Cavaliers . In 2009 , Williams was selected as an NBA All-Star . In 2016 , he won his first NBA championship with the Cavaliers . In May 2018 , he became an assistant coach for the Cal State Northridge Matadors men 's basketball team ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carmelo Anthony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmelo_Anthony', 'summary': "Carmelo Kyam Anthony ( born May 29 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has been named an NBA All-Star ten times and an All-NBA Team member six times . He played college basketball for the Syracuse Orange , winning a national championship as a freshman in 2003 while being named the NCAA Tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . After one season at Syracuse , Anthony entered the 2003 NBA draft and was selected with the third overall pick by the Denver Nuggets . While playing for Denver , he led the Nuggets to the playoffs every year from 2004 to 2010 ; the team won two division titles in that span . In 2009 , Anthony led the Nuggets to their first Conference Finals appearance since 1985 . In 2011 , he was traded from Denver to the New York Knicks days before the NBA trade deadline . In a January 24 , 2014 game against the Charlotte Bobcats , Anthony scored a career-high 62 points , setting a Knicks ' single-game scoring record and a Madison Square Garden single-game scoring record . Anthony was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder , where he played one season before signing with the Rockets . Anthony has played in the Olympics for the US national team a record four times , winning a bronze medal with the 2004 squad and gold medals on the 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 Olympic teams . As of April 2016 , he was the US Olympic team 's all-time leader in points , rebounds , and games played ."}]}, {'value': 'J.J. Redick ( boys ) Shanna Zolman ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J.J._Redick', 'summary': "Jonathan Clay JJ Redick ( born June 24 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He was selected 11th overall by the Orlando Magic in the 2006 NBA draft . He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils . In college , Redick was known for his good three-point and free throw shooting . He set ACC records during his career for most points and most career ACC tournament points , though his ACC career points record was subsequently broken at UNC in 2009 . Redick is currently the all-time leading scorer for Duke . He also set several other Duke records , including most points in a single season . Redick 's jersey was retired by Duke on February 4 , 2007 . After being drafted by the Magic , he played for seven seasons in Orlando , followed by a short spell with the Milwaukee Bucks , then four seasons with the Los Angeles Clippers . In 2017 , he signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia 76ers , and re-signed with them on a one-year deal the following year . In 2019 , Redick signed a two-year deal with the New Orleans Pelicans . In addition to his basketball career , Redick is a podcaster , and hosts a basketball and entertainment podcast for The Ringer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shanna_Crossley', 'summary': "Shanna Annette Zolman ( born September 7 , 1983 ) is an American professional basketball player , most recently for the Tulsa Shock of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She attended college at the University of Tennessee and graduated in 2006 with a degree in Broadcasting . Following her collegiate career , she was selected 16th overall in the 2006 WNBA Draft by the San Antonio Silver Stars ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LeBron James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LeBron_James', 'summary': "LeBron Raymone James Sr. ( /ləˈbrɒn/ ; born December 30 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association . He is often regarded as the greatest basketball player of all time , which has resulted in frequent comparisons to Michael Jordan . His accomplishments include three NBA championships , four NBA MVP Awards , three NBA Finals MVP Awards , and two Olympic gold medals . Lebron 's teams appeared in eight consecutive NBA Finals ( 2011-2018 seasons ) . Lebron leads with the record for all-time NBA playoffs points scored , is third in all-time NBA points scored , and eighth in all-time NBA assists . James was selected to the All-NBA First Team a record twelve times , made the All-Defensive First Team five times , played in sixteen NBA All-Star Games as All-Star MVP three times . James played basketball for St. Vincent-St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron , Ohio , where he was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar . A prep-to-pro , he joined the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003 as the first overall draft pick . Named the 2003-04 NBA Rookie of the Year , he soon established himself as one of the league 's premier players ; he won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2009 and 2010 . After failing to win a championship with Cleveland , James left in 2010 to sign as a free agent with the Miami Heat . This move was announced in an ESPN special titled The Decision , and is one of the most controversial free agent decisions in American sports history . James won his first two NBA championships while playing for the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 ; in both of these years , he also earned league MVP and Finals MVP ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Jones ( boys ) Ivory Latta ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Jones_(basketball,_born_1984)', 'summary': 'Michael Mike Jones ( born July 24 , 1984 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the University of Maryland , College Park .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivory_Latta', 'summary': "Ivory Latta ( born September 25 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player who is currently a free agent . She was drafted 11th overall by the Detroit Shock in the 2007 WNBA Draft . A 5 ' 6 ( 1.68 m ) guard noted for her three-point shooting and on-court enthusiasm , she played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels . She is the all-time leading scorer in South Carolina high school basketball history ( men 's and women 's ) with a total of 4,319 career points ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Candace Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Candace_Parker', 'summary': "Candace Nicole Parker ( born April 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft . In 2016 , along with other stars such as Alana Beard and Nneka Ogwumike , Parker helped the Sparks to win their first WNBA Finals title since 2002 . In high school , Parker won the 2003 and 2004 Gatorade National Girls Basketball Player of the Year awards , becoming just the second junior and the only woman to receive the award twice . A versatile player , Parker mainly plays the forward position . In college she was listed on Tennessee 's roster as a forward , center and guard . Parker was the first woman to dunk in an NCAA tournament game and the first woman to dunk twice in a college game . She set both milestones as a redshirt freshman on March 19 , 2006 . Parker became the second player to dunk in a WNBA game on June 22 , 2008 . Prior to her first WNBA game , Parker had signed long-term endorsement deals with Adidas and Gatorade . In leading the Lady Vols to two consecutive national championships , Parker was named the Final Four 's most outstanding player in both occasions , and was a two-time consensus national player of the year . Parker has won a WNBA championship ( 2016 ) , two WNBA Most Valuable Player Awards ( 2008 , 2013 ) , WNBA Finals MVP Award ( 2016 ) , WNBA All-Star Game MVP ( 2013 ) , two Olympic gold medals ( 2008 , 2012 ) , and the WNBA Rookie of the Year Award ( 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': "Darius Washington Jr. ( boys ) Sa'de Wiley-Gatewood ( girls )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darius_Washington_Jr.', 'summary': "Darius Myron Washington Jr. ( born December 6 , 1985 ) is an American-Macedonian professional basketball player who last played for Rabotnički of the Macedonian First League . He is a combo guard and played college basketball with the University of Memphis . He has also played with the NBA 's San Antonio Spurs and the NBA D-League 's Austin Toros in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerald Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerald_Green', 'summary': "Gerald Green ( born January 26 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player . He was drafted by the Boston Celtics with the 18th overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft . Known for his dunking skill , he has performed well in many slam dunk competitions , having won the 2005 McDonald 's All-American Slam Dunk Contest and the 2007 NBA Slam Dunk Contest , while finishing as the runner-up in the 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest ."}]}, {'value': 'Mario Chalmers ( boys ) Erika Arriaran ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Chalmers', 'summary': "Almario Vernard Mario Chalmers ( born May 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for AEK Athens of the Greek Basket League and the Basketball Champions League . He was selected with the 34th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves after playing three seasons of college basketball for the University of Kansas , including being a part of the 2007-08 national championship team . Chalmers was named the 2006-07 Co-Defensive Player of the Year and the Most Outstanding Player of the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Sprite/Powerade Jam Fest Award Winners', 'section_text': "The slam dunk contest was first held as an unofficial event in 1985 , and became an official part of the festivities in 1987 . The three-point contest was first held for boys in 1989 , with a girls ' competition added alongside the inaugural girls ' game in 2002 . The skills contest was added for both boys and girls in 2002 , with separate events held for both sexes through 2015 . In 2016 , the skills contest was discontinued and replaced with a `` Legends & Stars Shootout '' , involving teams consisting of one boy , one girl , and one All-American Game alumnus of either sex . Within each individual entry of Legends & Stars Shootout winners , the teams are listed in the aforementioned order . The Shootout is a timed competition in which each team must make a layup , free throw , three-pointer , and halfcourt shot in that order . [ 14 ]", 'uid': "McDonald's_All-American_Game_3", 'intro': "The McDonald's All-American Game is the all-star basketball game played each year for American and Canadian boys' and girls' high school basketball graduates. Consisting of the top players, each team plays a single exhibition game after the conclusion of the high-school basketball season, in an East vs. West format. As part of the annual event, boys and girls compete in a slam dunk contest and a three-point shooting competition, and compete alongside All-American Game alumni in a timed team shootout. The last of these competitions replaced separate overall timed skills competitions for boys and girls. It is rare for girls to compete in the slam dunk contest. However, that contest has been won twice by girls - first in 2004 by Candace Parker, and most recently in 2019 by Fran Belibi. The boys' game has been contested annually since 1978, and the girls game has been played each year since it was added in 2002. The McDonald's All-American designation began in 1977 with the selection of the inaugural team. That year, the All-Americans played in an all-star game against a group of high school stars from the Washington, D.C. area. The following year, the McDonald's game format of East vs. West was begun with a boys contest. In 2002, with the addition of a girls contest, the current girl-game / boy-game doubleheader format began. The McDonald's All-American Team is the best-known of the American high-school basketball All-American teams."}
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What was the college team of the player that won the 3-point contest in the 2000 McDonald 's All-American Game ?
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Duke Blue Devils
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