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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ViacomCBS_television_programs', 'title': 'List of ViacomCBS television programs', 'header': ['Title', 'Years', 'Network'], 'data': [{'value': 'PostModern MTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PostModern_MTV', 'summary': 'PostModern MTV was a nightly program in the late 1980s and very early 1990s on MTV , originally hosted by Kevin Seal and later by Dave Kendall featuring such pre-grunge alternative artists as The Cure , They Might Be Giants , Depeche Mode , Siouxsie and The Banshees , and Love and Rockets . The show was essentially a weeknight version of the Sunday night program 120 Minutes , with an emphasis on a more mainstream appeal . After the departure of the original host , a reworked program entitled Alternative Nation was introduced , which followed a similar format and feel . The MTV Europe Edition of the PostModern show was hosted by Pip Dann in the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': '1980s-1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV', 'summary': "MTV ( originally an initialism of Music Television ) is an 24-hour clock seven day one week of New York City-based American music channel launched on August 1 , 1981 , based in New York City that serves as the flagship property of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks division of ViacomCBS headquartered in New York City . MTV originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys ( VJs ) , but in the years since its inception , the network significantly toned down its focus on music in favor of original reality programming targeting teenagers and young adults . Despite its success , the network 's programming and influence have been the subject of controversy over the years . MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the U.S. and affiliated channels internationally , some of which have gone independent , with approximately 90.6 million American households in the United States receiving the channel as of January 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Profiles in Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Headbangers Ball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Headbangers_Ball', 'summary': "Headbangers Ball was a music television program consisting of heavy metal music videos airing on MTV , MTV2 ( its sister channel ) , MTV Australia , MTV Rocks ( formerly known as MTV2 Europe ) , MTV Adria ( the MTV subsidiary covering the former Yugoslavia ) , MTV Brand New , MTV Portugal , MTV Finland , MTV Arabia , MTV Norway , MTV Sweden , MTV Denmark , MTV Greece , MTV Türkiye , MTV Israel , MTV Hungary , MTV Japan ; MTV Brasil aired a program with a similar premise , named Fúria Metal . The show began on MTV on April 18 , 1987 , playing heavy metal and hard rock music videos late at night , from both well-known and more obscure artists . The show offered ( and became famous because of ) a stark contrast to Top 40 music videos shown during the day . However , with the mainstream rise of alternative rock , grunge , pop punk and rap music in the 1990s , the relevance of Headbangers Ball came into question , and the show was ultimately canceled in 1995 . Over eight years later , as new genres of heavy metal were gaining a commercial foothold and fan interest became unavoidable , the program was reintroduced on MTV2 . It has remained in varying degrees on the network 's website , but is no longer shown on television . Many of the videos that aired on the first incarnation of the series would find a home on the similarly themed Metal Mayhem on sister channel MTV Classic ."}]}, {'value': '1987-1995 2003-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV MTV2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV2', 'summary': "MTV2 ( formerly M2 ) is an American pay television channel owned by the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks division of ViacomCBS . The channel was initially broadcast free-to-air in selected markets , where the former all-request music channel known as The Box was broadcast ( which was acquired by MTV Networks in 2001 for the sole purpose of conversion to MTV2 ) . The channel launched initially as a constant , commercial-free music videos , once the original MTV had started to change its direction to reality television and serial documentaries . As with its parent network , MTV2 's focus on music programming would gradually be downplayed during the 2000s . Since 2011 , MTV2 has been targeting young adult men with original and acquired lifestyle and reality programming , reruns of male-targeting shows from MTV , acquired sitcoms and movies , and a daily block of Hip-Hop and Rock genre videos in the early mornings . Due to Viacom 's 2017 restructuring plan , MTV2 's original programs were moved over to the flagship MTV network , while the former network would drop its music video blocks in November of that year . In February 2015 , approximately 79,416,000 American households ( 68.2% of households with television ) received MTV2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Remote Control', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Remote_Control_(game_show)', 'summary': "Remote Control is a TV game show that ran on MTV for five seasons from 1987 until 1990 . It was MTV 's first original non-musical program , and first game show . A concurrent syndicated version of the series ran during the 1989-90 season , and was distributed by Viacom . Three contestants answered trivia questions on movies , music , and television , many of which were presented in skit format . The series was created and developed by producers Joe Davola and Michael Dugan . It was written by Michael Armstrong ( head writer seasons 2-3 ) , Desmond Devlin , Emily Dodi , Michael Dugan ( head writer season 1 ) , Lee Frank , Bob Giordano , Phil Gurin , Keith Kaczorek ( also credited as Kadillac Keith ) , Chris Kreski ( head writer seasons 4-5 ) , Denis Leary , Andrew Price , Colin Quinn , Ned Rice , Rick Rosner , Adam Sandler , McPaul Smith and John Ten Eyck . It was directed by Dana Calderwood , Scott Fishman and Milt Lage ."}]}, {'value': '1987-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV Syndication', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV Unplugged', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV_Unplugged', 'summary': "MTV Unplugged is an American television series on MTV showcasing musical artists usually playing acoustic instruments . The show aired regularly from 1989 to 1999 . The show aired less frequently from 2000 to 2009 , usually billed as MTV Unplugged No . 2.0 . Since 2009 MTV Unplugged specials have aired occasionally , sometimes online-only . Episodes and specials have tended to showcase one artist or group , playing a combination of their hit songs and covers . Many of the artists who appeared on the show in the 1990s released their Unplugged session as an album , and some of these albums were commercial and critical hits . Eric Clapton 's Unplugged ( 1992 ) sold 26 million copies worldwide and remains the best-selling live album of all time . Other Unplugged albums that went platinum include Mariah Carey 's MTV Unplugged ( 1992 ) , Rod Stewart 's Unplugged.and Seated ( 1993 ) , 10,000 Maniacs ' MTV Unplugged ( 1993 ) , Tony Bennett 's MTV Unplugged ( 1994 ) , Page and Plant 's No Quarter ( 1994 ) , Nirvana 's MTV Unplugged in New York ( 1994 ) , Los Tres 's MTV Unplugged ( 1995 - platinum in their native Chile ) , Alice in Chains 's Unplugged ( 1996 ) , Shakira 's MTV Unplugged ( 1999 - platinum in the Latin market ) , La Ley 's MTV Unplugged ( 2001 - platinum USA , triple platinum in Mexico , Chile , Argentina ) , Ricky Martin 's MTV Unplugged ( 2006 - platinum USA and diamond in Mexico ) , Lauryn Hill 's MTV Unplugged No . 2.0 ( 2001 ) and Alicia Keys ' Unplugged ( 2005 ) . Some of these albums produced successful singles as well , including Mariah Carey 's # 1 hit cover of I 'll Be There . The Eagles ' 1994 live album Hell Freezes Over , which sold 9 million copies , though not part of the Unplugged series , was produced by the Unplugged producers and followed a similar format ."}]}, {'value': '1989-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV', 'summary': "MTV ( originally an initialism of Music Television ) is an 24-hour clock seven day one week of New York City-based American music channel launched on August 1 , 1981 , based in New York City that serves as the flagship property of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks division of ViacomCBS headquartered in New York City . MTV originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys ( VJs ) , but in the years since its inception , the network significantly toned down its focus on music in favor of original reality programming targeting teenagers and young adults . Despite its success , the network 's programming and influence have been the subject of controversy over the years . MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the U.S. and affiliated channels internationally , some of which have gone independent , with approximately 90.6 million American households in the United States receiving the channel as of January 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Liquid Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liquid_Television', 'summary': 'Liquid Television is an animation showcase that appeared on MTV .'}]}, {'value': '1991-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV BBC Two', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Two', 'summary': "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ."}]}, {'value': 'Real World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_World_(TV_series)', 'summary': "The Real World ( known as Real World from 2014 to 2017 ) is a reality television series produced through MTV and Bunim/Murray Productions that currently airs on Facebook Watch after airing on MTV from 1992-2017 and was originally produced by Mary-Ellis Bunim and Jonathan Murray . First broadcast in 1992 , the show , which was inspired by the 1973 PBS documentary series An American Family , is the longest-running program in MTV history , one of the longest-running reality series in history , and is credited with launching the modern reality TV genre . Seven to eight young adults are picked to temporarily live in a new city together in one residence while being filmed non-stop . The series was hailed in its early years for depicting issues of contemporary young-adulthood relevant to its core audience , such as sex , prejudice , religion , abortion , illness , sexuality , AIDS , death , politics , and substance abuse , but later garnered a reputation as a showcase for immaturity and irresponsible behavior . Following Bunim 's death from breast cancer in 2004 , Bunim/Murray Productions continues to produce the program . The final season to air on MTV , the 32nd , set in Seattle , Washington , premiered on October 12 , 2016 . The series has generated two notable related series , both broadcast by MTV : Road Rules , a sister show , which lasted for 14 seasons ( 1995-2007 ) , and the ongoing spin-off reality game show The Challenge , which has run for 34 seasons since 1998 , thus surpassing The Real World . On June 8 , 2018 , it was announced that MTV and Bunim-Murray Productions were working on a revival of The Real World , with the hopes of selling the new version to a streaming platform . In 2018 , it was announced that the revival had been sold to Facebook Watch for a new American season , plus a Mexican and a Thai version of the show . The thirty-third season was filmed in Atlanta , Georgia and premiered on June 13 , 2019 along with the first new international localized versions since 1996 : El Mundo Real in Mexico City and The Real World : Bangkok ."}]}, {'value': '1992-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beavis and Butt-Head', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head', 'summary': 'Beavis and Butt-Head is an American adult animated sitcom created by Mike Judge . The series originated from Frog Baseball , a 1992 short film by Judge originally aired on Liquid Television . After seeing the short , MTV signed Judge to develop the short into a full series . The series originally ran for seven seasons from March 8 , 1993 to November 28 , 1997 . During its initial run , Beavis and Butt-Head received widespread critical acclaim , particularly for its satirical , scathing commentary on society . It was a subject of controversy for its violent content . Fourteen years following the end of the series , the series was revived for an eighth season airing from October 27 to December 29 , 2011 . A theatrical feature-length film based on the series titled Beavis and Butt-Head Do America was released in 1996 by Paramount Pictures .'}]}, {'value': '1993-1997 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Jon Stewart Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Jon_Stewart_Show', 'summary': "The Jon Stewart Show is a late night talk show that was hosted by comedian Jon Stewart . The program premiered on MTV in 1993 as a thirty-minute daily program . At the end of its first season , MTV 's then-corporate sibling Paramount Domestic Television retooled the program , extended it to sixty minutes , and used it as a replacement for the canceled Arsenio Hall Show for the 1994-95 television season . While the show garnered high ratings on MTV , it was not a success in syndication and was canceled in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': '1993-1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV/ Syndication', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadcast_syndication', 'summary': 'Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations , without going through a broadcast network . It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates . Syndication is less of a practice in the rest of the world , as most countries have centralized networks or television stations without local affiliates . Shows can be syndicated internationally , although this is less common . The three main types of syndication are first-run syndication , which is programming that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell directly into syndication ; off-network syndication ( colloquially called a rerun ) , which is the licensing of a program that was originally run on network TV or in some cases , first-run syndication ; and public broadcasting syndication .'}]}, {'value': 'The Brothers Grunt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Brothers_Grunt', 'summary': 'The Brothers Grunt is a Canadian-American animated comedy television series by Ed , Edd n Eddy creator Danny Antonucci that originally aired from August 15 , 1994 to April 9 , 1995 on MTV . The series centered on Frank , Tony , Bing , Dean and Sammy , an ensemble cast of pale , rubbery humanoids distantly related to human beings , all of them ostensibly male , wandering around in their underpants , in search of their lost brother Perry . Despite gaining popularity at animation festivals , [ citation needed ] the series had a short run and was met with a generally negative reception .'}]}, {'value': '1994-1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': "MTV 's Oddities", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/MTV's_Oddities", 'summary': "The Head began a science-fiction mini-series that originally ran under the title MTV 's Oddities , on MTV between 1994 and 1996 . It has begun airing on MTV2 in August 2009 . It was released on DVD on December 15 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '1994-1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Æon Flux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Æon_Flux', 'summary': "Æon Flux /ˌiːɒn ˈflʌks/ is an American avant-garde science fiction animated television series that aired on MTV November 30 , 1991 , until October 10 , 1995 , with film , comic book , and video game adaptations following thereafter . It premiered on MTV 's Liquid Television experimental animation show , as a six-part serial of short films , followed in 1992 by five individual short episodes . In 1995 , a season of ten half-hour episodes aired as a stand-alone series . Æon Flux was created by American animator Peter Chung . The live-action movie Æon Flux , loosely based upon the series and starring Charlize Theron , was released in theaters on December 2 , 2005 , preceded in November of that year by a tie-in video game of the same name based mostly on the movie but containing some elements of the original TV series ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Singled Out', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singled_Out', 'summary': 'Singled Out is an American dating game show created by Burt Wheeler & Sharon Sussman which originally ran on MTV from 1995 to 1998 . Each episode featured a group of 50 singles competing for a date with one main contestant . The original hosts were Chris Hardwick and Jenny McCarthy . When McCarthy left the show in early 1997 to star in her own sitcom , Jenny , MTV hired Carmen Electra to replace her for the last season and a half . The show became a cult classic , putting a more comedic spin on traditional and formal dating shows . Contestants would most likely be unconventional and cast purely for entertainment , without any assumed compatibility put into effect . MTV revamped the series in late 2018 for its YouTube channel . The overhauled format gave a more urban contemporary hip hop theme to the show . Incorporating a main social media aspect as well , the show features rapper Justina Valentine acting as host , with rapper Conceited as a cohost . On June 4 , 2019 , it was announced that a reboot of the series will premiere in Spring 2020 on Quibi with Keke Palmer as the host .'}]}, {'value': '1995-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VH1 Storytellers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VH1_Storytellers', 'summary': 'Storytellers is a television music series produced by the VH1 network . In each episode , artists perform in front of a ( mostly small and intimate ) live audience , and tell stories about their music , writing experiences and memories , somewhat similar to MTV Unplugged . The show started in 1996 with a broadcast of Ray Davies , during his Storyteller tour , and took its name from this first show . As of February 2016 , [ citation needed ] 98 episodes have aired , and many of the performances have subsequently been released on CD or DVD . Best of collections have also been released .'}]}, {'value': '1996-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VH1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VH1', 'summary': "VH1 ( originally an initialism of Video Hits One ) is an American pay television network based in New York City owned by ViacomCBS . It was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment , at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV , and launched on January 1 , 1985 , in the former space of Turner Broadcasting System 's short-lived Cable Music Channel . The channel was originally conceived to build upon the success of sister channel MTV by playing music videos targeting a slightly older demographic than MTV by focusing on the lighter , softer side of popular music . Like MTV , VH1 ultimately drifted away from music videos and into reality television programming , albeit with a focus on music personalities and celebrities , and shows targeting female audiences . VH1 is best known for franchises such as Behind the Music , the I Love… series , the Celebreality block , and Love & Hip Hop . As of January 2016 , approximately 90.2 million US households receive VH1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Daria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daria', 'summary': "Daria is an American adult animated sitcom created by Glenn Eichler and Susie Lewis Lynn . The series ran from March 3 , 1997 to January 21 , 2002 on MTV . It is a spin-off of Mike Judge 's earlier animated Beavis and Butt-Head series , in which Daria appeared as a recurring character . Although Judge agreed to release the character to allow her to appear in the spin-off , he had no involvement in the production of Daria , as he was busy working on King of the Hill . In June 2018 , MTV announced a new Daria spin-off series , Jodie ( originally Daria & Jodie ) with actress Tracee Ellis Ross starring as the titular character , as well as executive producing . The show is the first in a series of spin-offs planned by the network based on the Daria franchise ."}]}, {'value': '1997-2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Jenny McCarthy Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Jenny_McCarthy_Show_(1997)', 'summary': 'The Jenny McCarthy Show is an American television variety show and sketch comedy series starring Jenny McCarthy that aired on MTV in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Behind the Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Behind_the_Music', 'summary': 'Behind the Music is a documentary television series on VH1 . Each episode profiles and interviews a popular musical artist or group . The program examines the beginning of their career , their road to success and the hardships they may have encountered .'}]}, {'value': '1997-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VH1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartoon Sushi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartoon_Sushi', 'summary': 'Cartoon Sushi is a Canadian-American animation showcase program that aired on MTV from 1997 to 1998 . It was developed by Eric Calderon and produced by Nick Litwinko . The title screen opening was illustrated by Danny Antonucci .'}]}, {'value': '1997-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jenny_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Jenny is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from 1997 to 1998 . The series was intended to be a star vehicle for Jenny McCarthy .'}]}, {'value': '1997-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}]}, {'value': 'BIOrhythm', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_television_series_produced_by_Paramount_Television_10', 'intro': "This is a list of television series produced and/or owned by ViacomCBS' brands, including Paramount Television Studios, CBS Television Studios, CBS Television Distribution, CBS News, and ViacomCBS media networks. This list also includes shows produced or distributed by ViacomCBS' predecessor companies, including CBS Productions, Viacom Productions/Enterprises, the older incarnation of Paramount Television, Rysher Entertainment, Republic Pictures Television, Worldvision Enterprises/Taft Entertainment, Group W Productions, KingWorld, Desilu Productions and Spelling Television."}
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Who is the star of the show on the NBC network ?
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The Jenny McCarthy Show
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Burmese_dishes', 'title': 'List of Burmese dishes', 'header': ['Burmese name', 'Burmese script', 'Origin', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chapati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chapati', 'summary': 'Chapati ( alternatively spelled chapatti , chappati , chapathi , or chappathi ) , ( pronounced as IAST : capātī , capāṭī , cāpāṭi ) , also known as roti , safati , shabaati , phulka and ( in the Maldives ) roshi , is an unleavened flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent and staple in India , Nepal , Bangladesh , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , East Africa and the Caribbean . Chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta , mixed into dough with water , edible oil and optional salt in a mixing utensil called a parat , and is cooked on a tava ( flat skillet ) . It is a common staple in the Indian subcontinent as well as amongst expatriates from the Indian subcontinent throughout the world . Chapatis were also introduced to other parts of the world by immigrants from the Indian subcontinent , particularly by Indian merchants to Central Asia , Southeast Asia , East Africa , and the Caribbean islands .'}]}, {'value': 'ချပါတီ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fried chapati , crispy and blistered , with boiled peas ( pè-byohk ) , a popular breakfast next to nan bya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chapati', 'summary': 'Chapati ( alternatively spelled chapatti , chappati , chapathi , or chappathi ) , ( pronounced as IAST : capātī , capāṭī , cāpāṭi ) , also known as roti , safati , shabaati , phulka and ( in the Maldives ) roshi , is an unleavened flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent and staple in India , Nepal , Bangladesh , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , East Africa and the Caribbean . Chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta , mixed into dough with water , edible oil and optional salt in a mixing utensil called a parat , and is cooked on a tava ( flat skillet ) . It is a common staple in the Indian subcontinent as well as amongst expatriates from the Indian subcontinent throughout the world . Chapatis were also introduced to other parts of the world by immigrants from the Indian subcontinent , particularly by Indian merchants to Central Asia , Southeast Asia , East Africa , and the Caribbean islands .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Breakfast', 'summary': 'Breakfast is the first meal of a day . The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night . There is a strong likelihood for one or more typical , or traditional , breakfast menus to exist in most places , but their composition varies widely from place to place , and has varied over time , so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast .'}]}, {'value': 'Dan bauk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ဒံပေါက်\u200c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burmese-style biryani with either chicken or mutton served with mango pickle , fresh mint and green chili', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biryani', 'summary': "Biryani ( pronounced [ bɪr.jaːniː ] ) is a mixed rice dish with its origins among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent . It can be compared to mixing a curry , later combining it with semi-cooked rice separately . This dish is especially popular throughout the Indian subcontinent , as well as among the diaspora from the region . It is also prepared in other regions such as Iraq . It is made with Indian spices , rice , meat ( chicken , goat , pork , lamb , prawn , or fish ) , vegetables or eggs . The word 'biryani ' is derived from a Persian word , birian , which means fried before cooking . It is one the most popular dishes which has acquired a niche for itself in South Asian cuisine ."}]}, {'value': 'Htat taya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ထပ်တစ်ရာ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lit . a hundred layers , fried flaky multilayered paratha with either a sprinkle of sugar or pè byouk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paratha', 'summary': 'A paratha ( parāṇṭhā ) is a flatbread that originated in the Indian subcontinent , prevalent throughout areas of India , Sri Lanka , Pakistan , Nepal and Bangladesh where wheat is the traditional staple . Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta , which literally means layers of cooked dough . Alternative spellings and names include parantha , parauntha , prontha , parontay ( in Punjabi ) , porota ( in Bengali , Malayalam ) , palata ( pronounced [ pəlàtà ] ; in Burma ) , porotha ( in Assamese ) , forota ( in Sylheti ) and farata ( in Mauritius , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Htawbat htamin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ထောပတ်ထမင်း', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Literally butter rice , rice made with butter and mostly eaten with chicken curry', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nan bya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naan', 'summary': 'Naan ( Persian : نان , romanized : nān , Hindi : नान , romanized : nān ) is a leavened , oven-baked flatbread found in the cuisines mainly of Iran , India , Western Asia , South Asia , Central Asia , Myanmar and the Caribbean .'}]}, {'value': 'နံပြား', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burmese style naan buttered or with pè byouk , also with mutton soup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naan', 'summary': 'Naan ( Persian : نان , romanized : nān , Hindi : नान , romanized : nān ) is a leavened , oven-baked flatbread found in the cuisines mainly of Iran , India , Western Asia , South Asia , Central Asia , Myanmar and the Caribbean .'}]}, {'value': 'Palata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paratha', 'summary': 'A paratha ( parāṇṭhā ) is a flatbread that originated in the Indian subcontinent , prevalent throughout areas of India , Sri Lanka , Pakistan , Nepal and Bangladesh where wheat is the traditional staple . Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta , which literally means layers of cooked dough . Alternative spellings and names include parantha , parauntha , prontha , parontay ( in Punjabi ) , porota ( in Bengali , Malayalam ) , palata ( pronounced [ pəlàtà ] ; in Burma ) , porotha ( in Assamese ) , forota ( in Sylheti ) and farata ( in Mauritius , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ) .'}]}, {'value': 'ပလာတာ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burmese style paratha with egg or mutton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paratha', 'summary': 'A paratha ( parāṇṭhā ) is a flatbread that originated in the Indian subcontinent , prevalent throughout areas of India , Sri Lanka , Pakistan , Nepal and Bangladesh where wheat is the traditional staple . Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta , which literally means layers of cooked dough . Alternative spellings and names include parantha , parauntha , prontha , parontay ( in Punjabi ) , porota ( in Bengali , Malayalam ) , palata ( pronounced [ pəlàtà ] ; in Burma ) , porotha ( in Assamese ) , forota ( in Sylheti ) and farata ( in Mauritius , Sri Lanka and the Maldives ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Samusa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'စမူဆာ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burmese-style samosa with mutton and onions served with fresh mint , green chilli , onions and lime', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samosa', 'summary': 'A samosa ( /səˈmoʊsə/ ) is a fried or baked pastry with a savoury filling , such as spiced potatoes , onions , peas , meat , or lentils . It may take different forms , including triangular , cone , or half-moon shapes , depending on the region . The Indian style , often accompanied by a chutney , is probably the most widely known of a broad family of recipes from Africa to China , which have origins in medieval times or earlier . Samosas are a popular entrée , appetizer , or snack in the local cuisines of the Indian subcontinent , Western Asia , Southeast Asia , the Mediterranean , and Africa . Due to emigration and cultural diffusion from these areas , samosas today are often prepared in other regions .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyit Sara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semolina chicken or meat paste , Chicken or meat is boiled or cooked and removed all the bones and skin . It is then mixed with Semolina and dhal . Nowadays the mixture is easily put into the grinder and ground . But originally it was put in the big pot , stirred and pounded using a big ladle with a rounded lower edge . Once it turns into a thick paste it is sprinkled with cinnamon powder and deep-fried onion . Not only it is tasty but it is highly nutritious and easily digestible', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Semolina', 'summary': 'Semolina is the coarse , purified wheat middlings of durum wheat mainly used in making upma , pasta , and couscous . The word semolina can also refer to sweet dessert made from semolina and milk . The term semolina is also used to designate coarse middlings from other varieties of wheat , and from other grains , such as rice and maize .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dhal', 'summary': 'Dal ( also spelled daal , dail , dhal , dahl ; pronunciation : [ d̪aːl ] ) is a term used in the Indian subcontinent for dried , split pulses ( legumes ) - that is , lentils , peas , and beans . The term is also used for various soups prepared from these pulses . These pulses are among the most important staple foods in South Asian countries , and form an important part of the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent .'}]}, {'value': 'Shai Mai or Sa Wai', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roasted Seviyan Kheer boiled in sweet milk , served with fried cashews , raisins and coconut shreds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seviyan_(food)', 'summary': 'Vermicelli ( /ˌvɜːrmɪˈtʃɛli , -ˈsɛli/ , also UK : /ˌvɛərmɪˈtʃɛli/ , Italian : [ vermiˈtʃɛlli ] ; lit . little worms ) is a traditional type of pasta round in section similar to spaghetti , but thinner in diameter . The term vermicelli is also used to describe various types of thin noodles from Asia . In Vietnam vermicelli is the same as angel hair pasta or capellini .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kheer', 'summary': 'Kheer or firni is a pudding , originating from the Indian subcontinent , made by boiling milk and sugar with one of the following : rice , broken wheat , tapioca , vermicelli , or sweet corn . It is flavoured with cardamom , raisins , saffron , cashews , pistachios , almonds or other dry fruits and nuts . It is typically served during a meal or as a dessert . It also has many variations not as thick as kheer , called meetha bhaat , payasam , payasa , or dudhpak .'}]}, {'value': 'Theezohn Chinyay Hin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sambar_(dish)', 'summary': 'Sambar ( IPA : sʌmbʌʀ , ISO 15919 : Sāmbār ) , also spelled sambaar , is a lentil-based vegetable stew or chowder , cooked with dal and tamarind broth . It is popular in South Indian and Sri Lankan cuisines .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Adaptation of South Indian Sambar , lit . vegetable all- sorts sour broth , with drumstick , lady 's finger , egg plant , green beans , potato , onions , ginger , dried chilli , boiled egg , dried salted fish , fish paste and tamarind", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drumstick_(poultry)', 'summary': 'Poultry ( /ˈpoʊltri/ ) are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs , their meat or their feathers . These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae ( fowl ) , especially the order Galliformes ( which includes chickens , quails , and turkeys ) . Poultry also includes other birds that are killed for their meat , such as the young of pigeons ( known as squabs ) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game . The word poultry comes from the French/Norman word poule , itself derived from the Latin word pullus , which means small animal . The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago . This may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild , but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity . Domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs , but soon it was realised how useful it was having a captive-bred source of food . Selective breeding for fast growth , egg-laying ability , conformation , plumage and docility took place over the centuries , and modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors . Although some birds are still kept in small flocks in extensive systems , most birds available in the market today are reared in intensive commercial enterprises . Together with pig meat , poultry is one of the two most widely eaten types of meat globally , with over 70% of the meat supply in 2012 between them ; poultry provides nutritionally beneficial food containing high-quality protein accompanied by a low proportion of fat . All poultry meat should be properly handled and sufficiently cooked in order to reduce the risk of food poisoning . The word poultry comes from the West & English pultrie , from Old French pouletrie , from pouletier , poultry dealer , from poulet , pullet .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Okra', 'summary': "Okra ( US : /ˈoʊkrə/ , UK : /ˈɒkrə/ ) , Abelmoschus esculentus , known in many English-speaking countries as ladies ' fingers or ochro , is a flowering plant in the mallow family . It is valued for its edible green seed pods . The geographical origin of okra is disputed , with supporters of West African , Ethiopian , and South Asian origins . The plant is cultivated in tropical , subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Egg_plant', 'summary': 'Eggplant ( USA , Australia , New Zealand , anglophone Canada ) , aubergine ( UK , Ireland , France , Quebec ) or brinjal ( South Asia , South Africa ) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae . Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit . Most commonly purple , the spongy , absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines . Although often considered a vegetable , it is a berry by botanical definition . As a member of the genus Solanum , it is related to tomato and potato . Like the tomato , its skin and seeds can be eaten , but , like the potato , it is usually eaten cooked . Eggplant is nutritionally low in macronutrient and micronutrient content , but the capability of the fruit to absorb oils and flavors into its flesh through cooking expands its use in the culinary arts . It was originally domesticated from the wild nightshade species thorn or bitter apple , S. incanum , probably with two independent domestications : one in South Asia , and one in East Asia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Green_beans', 'summary': 'Green beans are the unripe , young fruit and protective pods of various cultivars of the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) . Immature or young pods of the runner bean ( Phaseolus coccineus ) , yardlong bean ( Vigna unguiculata subsp . sesquipedalis ) , and hyacinth bean ( Lablab purpureus ) are used in a similar way . Green beans are known by many common names , including French beans , string beans ( for old varieties ; modern varieties are stringless ) , snap beans , snaps , and the French name haricot vert . They are also known as Baguio beans in Philippine English , to distinguish them from yardlong beans . Other locals in the vegetable farming regions of the Philippines refer these as habitchuelas . It is commonly grown in the northern highlands of Benguet , Mountain Province and Nueva Viscaya , and other mid-elevation areas in the country like Bukidnon , Quezon and Laguna . They are distinguished from the many other varieties of beans in that green beans are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods , before the bean seeds inside have fully matured . An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened pea pods , as is done with snow peas or sugar snap peas . Historically , green bean pods contained a string , a hard , fibrous strand running the length of both sides of the pod . This string was removed before cooking . Modern , commercially grown green bean varieties are stringless and lack strings , though heirloom varieties may retain this trait .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Indian inspired', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Burmese_dishes_3', 'intro': "The following is a list of dishes found in Burmese cuisine. Burmese cuisine includes dishes from various regions of Burma (now officially known as Myanmar). The diversity of Myanmar's cuisine has also been contributed to by the myriad of local ethnic minorities. The Bamars are the most dominant group, but other groups including the Chin people also have distinct cuisines. Burmese cuisine is characterized by extensive use of fish products like fish sauce and ngapi (fermented seafood). Owing to the geographic location of Myanmar, Burmese cuisine has been influenced by Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine and Thai cuisine."}
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What is the Burmese name of the term that is also used for various soups prepared from these pulses ?
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Kyit Sara
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02de97e0f9538c41
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)', 'title': 'Romania (European Parliament constituency)', 'header': ['Name', 'Party', 'Group'], 'data': [{'value': 'Elena Antonescu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Elena Băsescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Băsescu', 'summary': "Elena Băsescu , sometimes referred to as EBA , ( born 24 April 1980 in Constanța ) is a Romanian politician , the former secretary general of the youth wing of Romania 's Democratic Liberal Party , and a Member of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2014 . She is the youngest daughter of Traian Băsescu , the former President of Romania . She was formerly a model , and entered politics in 2007 . She has a degree in economics ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'George Becali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Becali', 'summary': 'George Becali ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈd͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe beˈkali ] ; born 25 June 1958 ) is a Romanian politician and businessman , mostly known for his ownership of the FCSB football club . He was a Member of the European Parliament between June 2009 and December 2012 and a Member of the Romanian Parliament since December 2012 up until his conviction in May 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Romania Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party', 'summary': "The Greater Romania Party ( Romanian : Partidul România Mare , PRM ) is a Romanian nationalist political party . Founded in May 1991 by Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor , it was led by the latter from that point until his death in September 2015 . The party is sometimes referred to in English as the Great Romania Party . It briefly participated in government from 1993 to 1995 ( in Nicolae Văcăroiu 's cabinet ) . In 2000 , Tudor received the second largest number of votes in Romania 's presidential elections , partially as a result of protest votes lodged by Romanians frustrated with the fractionalisation and mixed performance of the 1996-2000 Romanian Democratic Convention government . Tudor 's second-place position ensured he would compete in the second round run-off against former president and Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) candidate Ion Iliescu , who won by a large margin . Parallels are often drawn with the situation in France two years later , when far-right Front National Party leader Jean-Marie Le Pen similarly drew the second largest number of votes and was elevated , but defeated , in the presidential run-off against Jacques Chirac . Although Tudor clearly remained the central figure in the PRM , in March 2005 he briefly stepped down from the party presidency in favour of Corneliu Ciontu . A primary objective of the move was to provide the appearance of a shift toward the political center and to attempt to align PRM with the European People 's Party ( EPP ) bloc in the European Parliament . During this period the PRM also briefly changed its name to the Greater Romania 's People Party . EPP , however , rejected the PRM as a potential member . Tudor stated he refused to join the EPP because of its lack of identity ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sebastian Bodu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Bodu', 'summary': "Sebastian Valentin Bodu ( born December 7 , 1970 ) is a Romanian politician , Member of the European Parliament . He was elected in 2007 and re-elected in 2009 , being part of the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament . Bodu is a Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Legal Affairs and also a member of the delegation for relations with Canada . Between 2005 and 2007 , Sebastian Bodu was the president of ANAF . He is a member of the Democratic Liberal Party since 2002 . Bodu is a lawyer , being a member of the Bucharest Bar between 1996-1998 and 2007-2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Victor Boştinaru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victor_Boştinaru', 'summary': 'Victor Boştinaru ( born 17 May 1952 ) is a Romanian member of the European Parliament and sits on the Committee for Regional Development ( REGI ) and Committee on Petitions ( PETI ) . He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Romania and in the European Union he is part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats .'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Cristian Bușoi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cristian_Bușoi', 'summary': "Cristian Silviu Bușoi ( born March 1 , 1978 ) is a Romanian physician and politician . A member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County from 2004 to 2007 , and was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 to 2013 , a position he regained in 2014 . In 2006 he married Georgiana , then a notary 's intern ."}]}, {'value': 'National Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe', 'summary': "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Corina Crețu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corina_Crețu', 'summary': 'Corina Crețu ( born June 24 , 1967 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian politician and the incumbent European Commissioner for Regional Policy . Crețu is a member of the Romanian PRO Romania and former Member of the European Parliament ( sitting with the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ) . Between June 2014 and October 2014 , she served as a Vice-President of the European Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Sabin Cutaș', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabin_Cutaș', 'summary': "George Sabin Cutaş ( born February 23 , 1968 ) is a Romanian politician . A member of the Conservative Party ( PC ) , he sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2008 representing Teleorman County , and represented Romania in the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014 . Born in Bacău , Cutaş attended the Aerospace Engineering faculty of the Politehnica University of Bucharest from 1987 to 1992 . Between 1995 and 2004 , he held a number of posts at Dan Voiculescu-owned companies , including Grivco , Antena 1 ( which he headed from 1999 to 2004 ) and Intact Media Group ( director from 2003 to 2004 ) . A member of the Voiculescu-founded PC , he served a term in the Senate , where he led the PC parliamentary caucus in his last year there and twice served as one of the body 's vice presidents . He was , at various points , on the economics , foreign policy and culture committees . Elected to the European Parliament in 2009 , he sat on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs . He is married and has two children ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Conservative Party ( Romanian : Partidul Conservator , PC ) was a conservative political party in Romania . Founded in 1991 , after the fall of Communism in Romania , originally under the name Romanian Humanist Party ( Partidul Umanist Român , PUR ) . From 2005 until 3 December 2006 , the party was a junior member of the Government of Romania . The party adopted the name Conservative Party on 7 May 2005 . In June 2015 it merged with the Liberal Reformist Party to form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats . The Conservative Party stated that it promoted tradition , family , social solidarity , European integration , and a nationalism without chauvinism . It claimed the heritage of the historical Romanian Conservative Party , one of the two main political forces in Romania before the First World War . There was no direct , uninterrupted link between the two parties - the historical Conservative Party was dissolved after World War I - but the modern party sustained and embraced the values of the historical one .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Viorica Dăncilă', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viorica_Dăncilă', 'summary': "Vasilica Viorica Dăncilă ( Romanian pronunciation : [ va.siˈli.ka vi.oˈri.ka dənˈtʃi.lə ] ; born 16 December 1963 ) is a Romanian politician , former leader of the Social Democratic Party , and was Prime Minister of Romania from 29 January 2018 to 4 November 2019 . She was the first woman in Romanian history to hold both the office of Prime Minister and president of the PSD . In 2014 , she was elected as a member in the European Parliament for a second term from the PSD . Viorica Dăncilă was also the president of the Social Democratic Women 's Organization ( OFSD ) between 2015 and 2018 . Viorica Dăncilă became a member of the Social Democratic Party in 1996 , as part of the PSD organization of Teleorman County . Over the years she has held several positions in both PSD and the local administration . Viorica Dăncilă was a local council and a county councilor until 2009 , when she was elected MEP for her first term . Also , Viorica Dăncilă occupied several leadership positions in the party , as president of the local organization , vice president of PSD Teleorman and president of OFSD Teleorman . Before entering politics she was an engineer with Petrom SA and prior to that a teacher at Videle Industrial High School . Dăncilă 's plans for a new cabinet were approved on 26 January 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Ioan Enciu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ioan_Enciu', 'summary': 'Ioan Enciu ( born 14 April 1953 ) is a Romanian politician , who , since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Social Democratic Party . He sits , along with his party colleagues in the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group .'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Cătălin Ivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cătălin_Ivan', 'summary': 'Cătălin Sorin Ivan ( born 23 December 1978 ) is a Romanian politician , who since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Social Democratic Party . Until 2015 he was the Leader of the Romanian delegation to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group in the European Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Petru Luhan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petru_Luhan', 'summary': 'Petru Constantin Luhan ( born 19 March 1977 ) is a Romanian politician , who since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Democratic Liberal Party . He is a member of the Regional Development Committee and vice-president of EPP Young Members in the European Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Monica Macovei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Macovei', 'summary': "Monica Luisa Macovei ( Romanian pronunciation : [ moˈnika luˈisa makoˈvej ] ; born 4 February 1959 ) is a Romanian politician , lawyer and former prosecutor , currently a Member of the European Parliament from the European Conservatives and Reformists and formerly a member of the Romanian Democratic Liberal Party . She was the Minister of Justice of Romania in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu . In this position she was credited with implementing the justice reforms required for Romania to become a member state of the European Union . Macovei was also an independent candidate in Romania 's 2014 presidential elections ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Marian-Jean Marinescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian-Jean_Marinescu', 'summary': "Marian-Jean Marinescu ( born August 11 , 1952 ) is a Romanian politician and member of the [ National Liberal Party ( Romania ) | ( PNL ) , part of the European People 's Party-European Democrats . Elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County , he became a Member of the European Parliament on January 2007 , with the accession of Romania to the European Union . He is a Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Romania . Marian-Jean Marinescu has been vice-president of the PPE Group for two legislatures , chair of the PPE Working Group Budgets and Structural Policies , coordinator of the PPE working group for the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 , Vice-Coordinator of the Transport and Tourism Commission ( TRAN ) , Vice-President of the Sky and Space Intergroup , member of the Board of Directors of the European Agency for Global Navigation Satellite Systems ( GSA ) , ambassador and founding member of the Erasmus program for entrepreneurs . In the new legislature 2019 - 2024 , Marian-Jean Marinescu continues his activity in the committees of which he was a member previously , namely : member in the Committee on Transport and Tourism ( TRAN ) , alternate member in the Committee on Industry , Research and Energy ( ITRE ) ) and an alternate member of the Committee on Budgetary Control ( CONT ) , as well as coordinator of the PPE group for transport policies . A fluent speaker of French and English , Marian-Jean Marinescu has a solid administrative experience at national level , being deputy in the Romanian Parliament , County Councilor - Dolj County Council - Municipal Councilor Local Craiova and Prefect - Dolj County Prefect Institution . During the activity , Marian-Jean Marinescu was twice awarded the MEP of the Year ( 2014 and 2016 ) , in the Research - Innovation section , the Personality of the Year Award in the field of aviation , granted by the European Business Aviation Association ( EBAA ) in 2017 , Red Arrow Award 2017 for Europe 's Essential Commitment - Future Business Austria Conference . In the 2014 - 2019 legislature Marinescu was ranked the most active Romanian MEP , with a portfolio of 15 reports as principal rapporteur , 20 alternative reports and 5 opinion reports , as well as one of the ones more influential Romanian MEPs , according to VoteWatch 's April 2019 ranking . Born in Râmnicu Vâlcea , Marinescu graduated from the Bucharest Politehnica Institute 's Faculty of Aerospace engineering in 1976 , and subsequently worked as an engineer for Avioane SA and Aviation Institute branch in Craiova . He entered politics in 1992 , as a member of the PDL ( known then as Democratic Party , PD ) , when he was elected a member of the Craiova City Council . Marinescu was elected Vice-president of the PD local section in Craiova ( 1994 ) and Dolj County ( 1997 ) , and , in 2001 , Secretary for Dolj County and Oltenia . He served as prefect of Dolj under the Romanian Democratic Convention cabinet ( 1996-2000 ) , and , after 2004 , he was a member of the Dolj County Council , before winning a seat in the 2004 legislative election on the Justice and Truth common list ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ramona Mănescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramona_Mănescu', 'summary': "Ramona Nicole Mănescu ( born 6 December 1972 , Constanţa ) is a Romanian politician and lawyer . From 24 July 2019 to 4 November 2019 , she served as minister of Foreign Affairs in the Romanian Government . She was a Member of the European Parliament serving 2007 to 2013 and 2014 to 2019 from the National Liberal Party ( till July 2017 ) , active within the European People 's Party ( European Parliament group ) . As part of this group she is a member of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs , vice-chair in the Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries and a substitute member in the Committee on transport and tourism and in Delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula ."}]}, {'value': 'National Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe', 'summary': "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Iosif Matula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iosif_Matula', 'summary': 'Iosif Matula ( born August 23 , 1958 ) is a Romanian engineer and politician . A member of the Democratic Liberal Party ( PD-L ) , he was a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) from 2009 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Norica Nicolai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norica_Nicolai', 'summary': "Norica Nicolai ( born Norica Clinci ; January 27 , 1958 ) is a Romanian lawyer and politician . An independent who previously belonged to the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) and before that the Christian-Democratic National Peasants ' Party ( PNŢ-CD ) , she was a member of the Romanian Senate for Cluj County from 2000 to 2008 , and a Member of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2019 . She was at the centre of a conflict between Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu and President Traian Băsescu in early 2008 , with the latter rejecting , ultimately successfully , the former 's nomination of Nicolai to be Justice Minister . She is married and has one child ."}]}, {'value': 'National Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe', 'summary': "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Rareş Niculescu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Democratic Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': "Group of the European People 's Party", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", 'summary': "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ioan Mircea Paşcu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ioan_Mircea_Paşcu', 'summary': 'Ioan Pascu redirects here . For the actor , see Ioan Gyuri Pascu'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}, {'value': 'Rovana Plumb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rovana_Plumb', 'summary': 'Rovana Plumb ( born 22 June 1960 ) is a Romanian politician of the Social Democratic Party . She was appointed Minister of Environment and Forests ( now Minister of Environment and Climate Change ) on 7 May 2012 . From 5 March 2014 to 9 November 2015 , she was the Minister of Labor , Family , Social Protection and Elderly in the Government of Romania . [ citation needed ] In March 2015 Rovana Plumb was elected President of the National Council of PSD .'}]}, {'value': 'Social Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)', 'summary': "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats', 'summary': 'The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Members of the European Parliament -- 2009–2014', 'section_text': 'Further information : MEPs for Romania 2009–2014 As of 7 June 2009 , Romania is represented in the European Parliament by 33 MEPs .', 'uid': 'Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)_0', 'intro': 'For elections in the European Union, Romania is a European Parliament constituency, currently represented by thirty-five MEPs. It covers the member state of Romania.'}
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What is the name of the intern who married a politician that is a member of the party that was refounded in 1990 ?
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Georgiana
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02e0fe74196eef25
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_17)', 'title': 'Dancing with the Stars (American season 17)', 'header': ['Celebrity', 'Notability ( known for )', 'Professional partner', 'Status'], 'data': [{'value': 'Keyshawn Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keyshawn_Johnson', 'summary': 'Joseph Keyshawn Johnson ( born July 22 , 1972 ) is a former American football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League ( NFL ) for eleven seasons . He played college football for the University of Southern California , and earned All-American honors . The first pick in the 1996 NFL Draft , he played professionally for the New York Jets , Tampa Bay Buccaneers , Dallas Cowboys and Carolina Panthers . He retired from football following the 2006 season , and spent seven years as a television broadcaster for the sports channel ESPN . Keyshawn Johnson was a contestant on the 17th season of Dancing with the Stars , in which he was the first contestant eliminated .'}]}, {'value': 'NFL wide receiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Football_League', 'summary': "The National Football League ( NFL ) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams , divided equally between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America and the highest professional level of American football in the world . The NFL 's 17-week regular season runs from early September to late December , with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week . Following the conclusion of the regular season , six teams from each conference ( four division winners and two wild card teams ) advance to the playoffs , a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl , which is usually held on the first Sunday in February and is played between the champions of the NFC and AFC . The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season . After initially determining champions through end-of-season standings , a playoff system was implemented in 1933 that culminated with the NFL Championship Game until 1966 . Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the American Football League ( AFL ) , the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970 . Today , the NFL has the highest average attendance ( 67,591 ) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States . The Super Bowl is also among the biggest club sporting events in the world , with the individual games accounting for many of the most watched television programs in American history and all occupying the Nielsen 's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015 . The Green Bay Packers hold the most combined NFL championships with 13 , winning nine titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowls afterwards . Since the creation of the Super Bowl , the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots both have the most championship titles at six ."}]}, {'value': 'Sharna Burgess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharna_Burgess', 'summary': 'Sharna May Burgess ( born 21 June 1985 ) is an Australian ballroom dancer who is best known for being a professional partner and troupe member on the ABC series Dancing with the Stars . She is the winner of season 27 of American television show Dancing with the Stars with her celebrity partner Bobby Bones , where she has also been a runner-up in several other seasons . She has also been a judge on the Australian version of the show since 2019 , along with Craig Revel Horwood and Tristan MacManus .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 1st on September 23 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Nye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Nye', 'summary': "William Sanford Nye ( born November 27 , 1955 ) , popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy , is an American science communicator , television presenter , and mechanical engineer . He is best known as the host of the PBS and syndicated children 's science show Bill Nye the Science Guy ( 1993-1998 ) , the Netflix show Bill Nye Saves the World ( 2017-2018 ) , and for his many subsequent appearances in popular media as a science educator . Nye began his career as a mechanical engineer for Boeing Corporation in Seattle , where he invented a hydraulic resonance suppressor tube used on 747 airplanes . In 1986 , Nye left Boeing to pursue comedy , writing and performing jokes and bits for the local sketch television show Almost Live ! , where he regularly conducted wacky science experiments . Nye aspired to become the next Mr. Wizard , and with the help of several producers , successfully pitched the children 's television program Bill Nye the Science Guy to KCTS-TV , Seattle 's public television station . The show - which proudly proclaimed in its theme song that science rules ! - ran from 1993 to 1998 in national TV syndication . Known for its high-energy presentation and MTV-paced segments , the program became a hit among kids and adults , was critically acclaimed and was nominated for 23 Emmy Awards , winning 19 . Following the success of his show , Nye continued to advocate for science , becoming the CEO of the Planetary Society and helping develop sundials for the Mars Exploration Rover missions . He has written two bestselling science books on science books : Undeniable : Evolution and the Science of Creation ( 2014 ) and Unstoppable : Harnessing Science to Change the World ( 2015 ) . He has appeared frequently on other TV shows , including Dancing with the Stars , The Big Bang Theory , and Inside Amy Schumer . He starred in a documentary about his life and science advocacy , Bill Nye : Science Guy , which premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in March 2017 ; and , in October 2017 , was named a NYT Critic 's Pick ."}]}, {'value': 'Science education host', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyne Stecklein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyne_Stecklein', 'summary': "Season seventeen of Dancing with the Stars premiered on September 16 , 2013 and ended on November 26 , 2013 . Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts and Carrie Ann Inaba , Len Goodman , and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges . The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers also returned to provide the music throughout the season ( which turned out to be their last ) . This was also Brooke Burke-Charvet 's last season as co-host . The cast was announced on September 4 , 2013 , during Good Morning America . This is the first season since season one to not have a results show . Another change was the elimination of the sky-box area where host Brooke Burke-Charvet interviewed dancers after their performances . Instead , the couples were accommodated in a new seating area near the judges ' table which had been shifted to the opposite side of the ballroom . A make-up room and rehearsal room were added where Charvet could chat with the couples before and after their performances . This season also introduced a new format of voting . Each week the couples will perform , and the judges will give each couple a score based on several factors , including technical execution . Since there is no results show , those scores will be added to the public votes from the previous week , and the couple with the lowest combined score from judges and viewer votes will be eliminated from the competition toward the end of that week 's episode ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 2nd on September 30 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valerie Harper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valerie_Harper', 'summary': 'Valerie Kathryn Harper ( August 22 , 1939 - August 30 , 2019 ) was an American actress . She began her career as a dancer on Broadway , making her debut in the musical Take Me Along in 1959 . Harper is best remembered for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) and its spin-off Rhoda ( 1974-1978 ) . For her work on Mary Tyler Moore , she thrice received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series , and later received the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on Rhoda . From 1986 to 1987 , Harper appeared as Valerie Hogan on the sitcom Valerie . Her film appearances include roles in Freebie and the Bean ( 1974 ) and Chapter Two ( 1979 ) , both of which garnered her Golden Globe Award nominations . Harper returned to stage work in her later career , appearing in several Broadway productions . In 2010 , she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance as Tallulah Bankhead in the play Looped .'}]}, {'value': 'Veteran television actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tristan MacManus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tristan_MacManus', 'summary': "Tristan MacManus ( born 23 July 1982 ) is an Irish dancer , best known for his professional appearances on Dancing with the Stars , Strictly Come Dancing and Dancing with the Stars Australia . In 2017 , he went on tour with Mrs Brown 's Boys for the Good Mourning Mrs Brown Live 2017 playing Elder Peach . Since 2019 , he has been a judge on the Australian version of Dancing with the Stars , along with Craig Revel Horwood and Sharna Burgess ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 3rd on October 7 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christina Milian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christina_Milian', 'summary': "Christine Flores ( born September 26 , 1981 ) , better known as Christina Milian ( /ˌmɪliˈɑːn/ ) , is an American actress , singer and songwriter of Cuban origin . Born in Jersey City , New Jersey , and raised in Maryland , Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19 . In 2001 , Milian released her self-titled debut album , which featured the singles AM to PM and When You Look at Me ; AM to PM charted within the Top 40 of the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart . In 2004 , Milian released her second studio album It 's About Time , which provided her first major U.S. hit , Dip It Low , which reached number five on the U.S . Billboard chart . Whatever U Want was released as the album 's second single . Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart . In 2006 , Milian released her third studio album So Amazin ' . The album produced one single , Say I , which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart . A month after the release of So Amazin ' , Milian 's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences . Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Singer & actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Ballas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Ballas', 'summary': 'Mark Alexander Ballas Jr. ( born 24 May 1986 ) is an American dancer , choreographer , singer-songwriter , musician , and actor . Ballas is a professional ballroom dancer on the ABC program Dancing with the Stars . He began competing on the show in season five during the fall of 2007 and was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Choreography in 2011 . Ballas released his first solo CD HurtLoveBox in March 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 4th on October 14 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicole Snooki Polizzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicole_"Snooki"_Polizzi', 'summary': 'Nicole Elizabeth LaValle ( née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 ) , best known by her nickname Snooki , is a Chilean-American reality television personality , television host , author , professional wrestler , and dancer who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww and Jersey Shore : Family Vacation . Since appearing on Jersey Shore in 2009 , Snooki has gained popularity , leading to numerous talk show appearances , web and television series participation and hosting , and a large social media following . She reportedly earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode by the last season . She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year .'}]}, {'value': 'Jersey Shore star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3 , 2009 , to December 20 , 2012 , in the United States . The series follows the lives of eight housemates at a vacation home : in Seaside Heights , New Jersey in seasons one , three , five and six , and in South Beach , Florida and Florence , Italy in seasons two and four , respectively . The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of the terms Guido/Guidette , its portrayal of Italian-Americans and allegations of perpetuating stereotypes , as well as criticism from locals that the cast members were not residents of the area . ( Most were from New York , and at least two of them were not Italian . ) The show became a pop culture phenomenon , with classes and conferences at universities about the show , and journalists listing it as one of the most notable shows of the time . The Shore franchise spawned several international adaptations in other countries . Four of the Jersey Shore cast members received spin-off shows on MTV , with the most successful being Snooki & JWOWW . Most of the cast would go on to appear in other reality programs or receive their own shows on various networks . On August 20 , 2017 , a one-off television special called Reunion Road Trip : Return to the Jersey Shore aired on the E ! network . On November 27 , 2017 , MTV announced that the cast ( with the exception of Giancola ) would be reuniting in Miami , Florida , for a new reunion series titled Jersey Shore : Family Vacation . The series premiered globally on April 5 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sasha Farber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sasha_Farber', 'summary': 'Alexander Sasha Farber ( born 9 May 1984 ) is an Australian professional dancer known for his appearances as a pro and troupe member on Dancing with the Stars .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 5th on October 28 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brant_Daugherty', 'summary': 'Brant David Daugherty ( born August 20 , 1985 ) is an American actor , known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series Pretty Little Liars . In 2013 , he had a recurring role as Brian in the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives .'}]}, {'value': 'Pretty Little Liars actor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pretty_Little_Liars_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard . The series follows the lives of four high school girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader . One year later , the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named A who threatens to expose their deepest secrets . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings , Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery , Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin , Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields , Sasha Pieterse as Alison DiLaurentis , and Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal . The series premiered on June 8 , 2010 on ABC Family and ended on June 27 , 2017 . After an initial order of 10 episodes , ABC Family ordered an additional 12 episodes on June 28 , 2010 . The ratings success of the first 10 episodes prompted the book series to be extended beyond the initial eight novels . Since its debut , the series has received mixed reviews from television critics , but remained a relative success for ABC Family , garnering a large fandom . It is the first series in the Pretty Little Liars franchise . On March 26 , 2013 , a spin-off series was announced , titled Ravenswood , but was canceled after one season . On June 10 , 2014 , Pretty Little Liars was renewed for its sixth and seventh seasons . On August 29 , 2016 , Freeform confirmed that the series would be ending after its seventh season in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Peta Murgatroyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peta_Murgatroyd', 'summary': 'Peta Jane Murgatroyd ( born 14 July 1986 ) is a New Zealand-born American professional Latin dancer . She performed in the international tour of the dance production Burn the Floor , including its Broadway run . She is best known for her appearances on the American edition of Dancing with the Stars , which she and her partners have won twice .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 6th on November 4 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Berkley Lauren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Berkley', 'summary': "Elizabeth Berkley ( born July 28 , 1972 ) [ a ] is an American actress and reality show personality . Berkley 's most notable roles were as Jessie Spano in the television series Saved by the Bell , and as Nomi Malone in the 1995 Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls ."}]}, {'value': 'Film & television actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valentin Chmerkovskiy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valentin_Chmerkovskiy', 'summary': 'Valentin Aleksandrovich Val Chmerkovskiy ( Ukrainian : Валентин Олекса́ндрович Чмерковський ; born March 24 , 1986 ) is a Ukrainian-American professional dancer , best known for his appearances on the U.S. version of Dancing with the Stars , which he won twice . Chmerkovskiy is a two-time World Latin Dance Champion ( Junior and Youth ) and a 14-time U.S. National Latin Dance champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 7th on November 11 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leah Remini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leah_Remini', 'summary': "Leah Marie Remini ( /ˈrɛmɪni/ ; born June 15 , 1970 ) is an American actress , author , former Scientologist , Scientology critic , and activist . She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the long-running CBS comedy series The King of Queens ( 1998-2007 ) and later co-hosted The Talk in 2010-11 . Since 2016 , she has co-produced and hosted the Emmy Award-winning A & E documentary series Leah Remini : Scientology and the Aftermath . Raised as a member of the Church of Scientology from childhood , Remini left the organization in 2013 and began public criticism of Scientology . Two years later , she released Troublemaker : Surviving Hollywood and Scientology , her memoir about her experience with Scientology and reasons for leaving it . She followed up the book with the aforementioned series to highlight other former Scientologists ' experiences . After a successful first season , the series was renewed by A & E , and the second season debuted in late summer 2017 . On March 14 , 2018 , A & E announced that the series would return for a third season . From May 2017 until May 2018 , Remini also starred in Kevin Can Wait as Vanessa Cellucci , alongside Kevin James , her former co-star on The King of Queens ."}]}, {'value': 'Sitcom actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Dovolani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Dovolani', 'summary': 'Driton Tony Dovolani ( born July 17 , 1973 ) is an Albanian-American professional ballroom dancer , instructor and judge . He is known for his involvement in the American version of Dancing with the Stars on ABC . Dovolani also portrayed Slick Willy in the hit film Shall We Dance ? and spent time coaching actress Jennifer Lopez .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 8th on November 18 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Engvall', 'summary': "William Ray Engvall Jr. ( born July 27 , 1957 ) is an American comedian and actor best known for his work as a stand-up comic , his signature Here 's Your Sign bit , and as a member of the Blue Collar Comedy group ."}]}, {'value': 'Stand-up comedian & actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emma Slater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emma_Slater', 'summary': 'Emma Louise Slater ( born 25 December 1988 ) is an English professional dancer and choreographer . She is best known for her appearances on Dancing with the Stars .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 9th on November 25 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Osbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Osbourne', 'summary': "Jack Joseph Osbourne ( born 8 November 1985 ) is an English media personality with dual American and British citizenship . As the son of heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne , he starred on MTV 's reality series The Osbournes ( 2002-05 ) , along with his father , mother Sharon , and sister Kelly . Osbourne has since pursued a career as a fitness and travel reporter , presenting shows such as Jack Osbourne : Adrenaline Junkie ( 2005-09 ) and BBC 's Saving Planet Earth ( 2007 ) . He was diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in 2012 . In 2016 , he and his father Ozzy travelled the world in the History Channel reality series Ozzy & Jack 's World Detour ."}]}, {'value': 'Reality television star', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheryl Burke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheryl_Burke', 'summary': "Cheryl Stephanie Burke ( born May 3 , 1984 ) is an American dancer , model and TV host . She is best known for being one of the professional dancers on ABC 's Dancing with the Stars , where she was the first female professional to win the show and the first professional to win twice and consecutively . She has participated in 21 seasons thus far . She came in second on the NBC series I Can Do That . She replaced Abby Lee Miller on Dance Moms in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Third place on November 26 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corbin_Bleu', 'summary': "Corbin Bleu Reivers ( /bluː/ ; born February 21 , 1989 ) , known professionally as Corbin Bleu , is an American actor , model , dancer , film producer and singer-songwriter . He performed in the High School Musical film series ( 2006-2008 ) . Songs from the films also charted worldwide , with the song I Do n't Dance peaking inside the Top 70 of the Billboard Hot 100 . During this time , he also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Jump In ! ( 2007 ) . His first lead role was in the film Catch That Kid ( 2004 ) . He has since appeared in the Discovery Kids drama series Flight 29 Down ( 2005-2007 ) , as well as the film To Write Love on Her Arms ( 2015 ) . He competed in the 17th season of Dancing with the Stars , partnered with professional dancer Karina Smirnoff . He has also pursued a music career , and released his debut album Another Side on May 1 , 2007 , which included the single Push It to the Limit . The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S . Billboard 200 , selling 18,000 copies in its first week . Bleu released his second album , Speed of Light , on March 10 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'High School Musical actor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_School_Musical', 'summary': "High School Musical is a 2006 American musical television film written by Peter Barsocchini and directed by Kenny Ortega . It is the first installment in the High School Musical franchise . With a plot described by the author and numerous critics as a modern adaptation of Romeo & Juliet , High School Musical is a story about two high school juniors from rival cliques . The protagonists are Troy Bolton ( Zac Efron ) , a basketball team captain , and Gabriella Montez ( Vanessa Hudgens ) , a shy transfer student excelling in math and science . Together , they try out for the lead parts in their high school musical , and this causes division among all the school 's students . Despite other students ' attempts to thwart their dreams , Troy and Gabriella aim to resist peer pressure and rivalry and wish to inspire others along the way not to stick to the status quo . However , they have to battle high school diva Sharpay Evans ( Ashley Tisdale ) and her twin brother Ryan ( Lucas Grabeel ) . Sharpay and Ryan both seek to sabotage the friendship and romance between Troy and Gabriella and gain the leads in the school musical . Principal photography for High School Musical took place in Utah , with East High School and Murray High School used as locations , as well as Salt Lake City . Murray High School was also the set of other Disney productions : Take Down ( 1979 ) , Read It and Weep ( 2006 ) , Minutemen ( 2008 ) , and High School Musical : Get in the Picture ( 2008 ) . Additional scenes were filmed in Los Angeles . Upon its release on January 20 , 2006 , it became the most commercially successful Disney Channel Original Movie ( DCOM ) ever produced ."}]}, {'value': 'Karina Smirnoff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karina_Smirnoff', 'summary': "Karina Smirnoff ( Russian : Карина Смирнова ; January 2 , 1978 ) is an American professional ballroom dancer of Ukrainian origins . She is known as a professional dancer on Dancing with the Stars , winning the thirteenth season with army veteran and soap opera star J. R. Martinez . She 's also won two runner-up titles , a semifinal title , and several quarterfinal titles . She is a five-time U.S. National Champion , World Trophy Champion , and Asian Open Champion . Smirnoff has won the title at the UK Open , is a three-time champion at the US Open , two-time champion at the Asian Open , five-time champion at the Dutch Open , and five-time US National Professional Champion . She has taken second at the British Open Blackpool Dance Festival and she is the first woman to also ever make the British Professional Final with three different partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Runner-up on November 26 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amber_Riley', 'summary': 'Amber Patrice Riley ( born February 15 , 1986 ) is an American actress , singer and author . She is best known for her portrayal of Mercedes Jones on the Fox comedy-drama series Glee ( 2009-2015 ) . For her performance on the series , she won a Screen Actors Guild Award , and has been nominated for three Teen Choice Awards , three NAACP Image Awards , and a Grammy Award . In November 2016 , Riley led the West End debut of Dreamgirls , playing the lead role of Effie White . She won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 2017 for her role in Dreamgirls . Riley won season 17 of Dancing with the Stars in 2013 . In 2017 , Riley appeared as a judge on BBC One musical theatre talent show Let It Shine and formed a musical theatre supergroup with Beverley Knight and Cassidy Janson , known collectively as Leading Ladies and signed to East West Records/Warner . Their debut album , Songs from the Stage , was released on November 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Glee actress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Glee ( stylized in all lowercase ) is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It centers on the fictional William McKinley High School glee club , the New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality , race , relationships , and teamwork . The initial twelve-member cast included Matthew Morrison as club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester , Jane Lynch as cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester , Jayma Mays as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury , Jessalyn Gilsig as Will 's wife Terri , and Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz as eight club members . The main cast was altered throughout the series . The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Derek Hough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derek_Hough', 'summary': "Derek Hough ( /ˈhʌf/ ; born May 17 , 1985 ) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer , choreographer , actor and singer . Since September 2007 , Hough has become known for his work on the ABC dance-competition series , Dancing with the Stars , on which he has won a record six seasons . With a total of nine nominations , he has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Choreography for several routines that he choreographed for the show . Hough has also starred in various stage productions , including the 2006 original production of Footloose : The Musical at the Novello Theatre in London 's West End , as well as the 2015 New York Spring Spectacular at Radio City Music Hall in New York City . In 2013 , he starred in Make Your Move , a Romeo and Juliet-inspired South Korean-American independent dance film . As of 2014 , he has held a recurring acting role on ABC 's musical-drama , Nashville . On December 7 , 2016 , Hough played the role of Corny Collins in NBC 's live musical TV-production , Hairspray Live ! . In May 2017 , Hough joined the judges table in NBC 's new dance competition series World of Dance . He continued his role as a judge for the second and third seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Winner on November 26 , 2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Couples', 'section_text': 'The cast of twelve and their professional partners was announced on September 4 , 2013 on Good Morning America . All of the previously competing professional dancers returned for season 17 with the exception of Gleb Savchenko , Lindsay Arnold , and Kym Johnson ( who took the season off to be a judge in season 13 of the Australian version ) . They were replaced by Tyne Stecklein , Emma Slater , and Sasha Farber . However , Savchenko and Arnold joined Henry Byalikov and Witney Carson in the Dance Troupe replacing Julian Tocker and Oksana Dmytrenko , therefore reducing the troupe to four professional dancers .', 'uid': 'Dancing_with_the_Stars_(U.S._season_17)_0', 'intro': "Season seventeen of Dancing with the Stars premiered on September 16, 2013 and ended on November 26, 2013. Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts and Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers also returned to provide the music throughout the season (which turned out to be their last). This was also Brooke Burke-Charvet's last season as co-host. The cast was announced on September 4, 2013, during Good Morning America. This is the first season since season one to not have a results show. Another change was the elimination of the sky-box area where host Brooke Burke-Charvet interviewed dancers after their performances. Instead, the couples were accommodated in a new seating area near the judges' table which had been shifted to the opposite side of the ballroom. A make-up room and rehearsal room were added where Charvet could chat with the couples before and after their performances. This season also introduced a new format of voting. Each week the couples will perform, and the judges will give each couple a score based on several factors, including technical execution. Since there is no results show, those scores will be added to the public votes from the previous week, and the couple with the lowest combined score from judges and viewer votes will be eliminated from the competition toward the end of that week's episode."}
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What was the oldest man in the field best known for ?
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Science education host
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02e118cb356d7a58
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly', 'title': 'Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly', 'header': ['S. No', 'Constituency', 'Elected Member', 'Party affiliation'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Purola ( SC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purola_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': 'Purola ( Vidhan Sabha constituency ) is one of the 70 assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand a northern state of India . Purola is part of Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Raj Kumar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raj_Kumar_(politician)', 'summary': 'Raj Kumar is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand . He represents the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yamunotri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yamunotri', 'summary': "Yamunotri is the source of the Yamuna River and the seat of the Goddess Yamuna in Hinduism . It is situated at an altitude of 3,293 metres ( 10,804 ft ) in the Garhwal Himalayas and located approximately 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) North of Uttarkashi , the headquarters of the Uttarkashi district in the Garhwal Division of Uttarakhand , India . It is one of the four sites in India 's Chhota Char Dham pilgrimage . The sacred shrine of Yamunotri , source of the river Yamuna , is the westernmost shrine in the Garhwal Himalayas , perched atop a flank of Bandar Poonch Parvat . The chief attraction at Yamunotri is the temple devoted to the Goddess Yamuna and the holy thermal springs at Janki Chatti ( 7 km . Away ) . The actual source , a frozen lake of ice and glacier ( Champasar Glacier ) located on the Kalind Mountain at a height of 4,421 m above sea level , about 1 km further up , is not frequented generally as it is not accessible ; hence the shrine has been located on the foot of the hill . The approach is extremely difficult and pilgrims therefore offer puja at the temple itself . The temple of Yamuna , on the left bank of the Yamuna , was constructed by Maharaja Pratap Shah of Tehri Garhwal . The deity is made of black marble . The Yamuna , like the Ganges , has been elevated to the status of a divine mother for the Hindus and has been held responsible for nurturing and developing the Indian civilization . Close to the temple are hot water springs gushing out from the mountain cavities ."}]}, {'value': 'Kedar Singh Rawat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedar_Singh_Rawat', 'summary': 'Kedar Singh Rawat is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Rawat is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Yamunotri constituency in Uttarkashi district . He has been an MLA from 2007-2012 and has presently won second time in 2017 from Yamunotri . Has been active in political life since college days when he was elected the general secretary from DAV college dehradun . Has been a successful lawyer before quitting practise and contesting elections since 2002 when Uttarakhand first went into elections .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gangotri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gangotri', 'summary': 'Gangotri is a town and a Nagar Panchayat ( municipality ) in Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is a Hindu pilgrim town on the banks of the river Bhagirathi and origin of River Ganges . It is on the Greater Himalayan Range , at a height of 3,100 metres ( 10,200 ft ) . According to popular Hindu legend , it was here that Goddess Ganga descended when Lord Shiva released the mighty river from the locks of his hair .'}]}, {'value': 'Gopal Singh Rawat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gopal_Singh_Rawat', 'summary': 'Gopal Singh Rawat is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Rawat was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Gangotri constituency in Uttarkashi district .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Badrinath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badrinath', 'summary': "Badrinath is a holy town and a nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is one of the four sites in India 's Char Dham pilgrimage and gets its name from the temple of Badrinath ."}]}, {'value': 'Mahendra Bhatt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahendra_Bhatt', 'summary': 'Mahendra Bhatt is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Bhatt was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Nandaprayag constituency in Chamoli district .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tharali ( SC )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munni Devi Shah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karnaprayag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnaprayag', 'summary': 'Karnaprayag is a city and municipal board in Chamoli District in the Indian state of Uttarakhand . Karnaprayag is one of the Panch Prayag ( five confluences ) of Alaknanda River , situated at the confluence of the Alaknanda , and Pindar River .'}]}, {'value': 'Surendra Singh Negi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surendra_Singh_Negi', 'summary': 'Surendra Singh Negi is an Uttarkhand politician . He is a former MLA of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from Kotdwar . He is a member of the Indian National Congress . He was a minister in the Cabinets of Shri N. D. Tiwari , Shri Vijay Bahuguna and Shri Harish Rawat . In 2012 Assembly election , he defeated B. C. Khanduri by 4,623 votes .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kedarnath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedarnath_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '7-Kedarnath Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 7-केदारनाथ विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . It includes Ukhimath Tehsil & KC Chopta Jakhani of Rudraprayag Tehsil . area . Kedarnath Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Rudraprayag ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Manoj Rawat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manoj_Rawat', 'summary': 'Manoj Rawat is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand and a Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly . He represents the Kedarnath ( Uttarakhand Assembly constituency ) . Manoj is a member of the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudraprayag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudraprayag', 'summary': 'Rudraprayag is a town and a municipality in Rudraprayag district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand . Rudraprayag is one of the Panch Prayag ( five confluences ) of Alaknanda River , the point of confluence of rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini . Kedarnath , a Hindu holy town is located 86 km from Rudraprayag . The man eating Leopard of Rudraprayag hunted and written about by Jim Corbett dwelled here .'}]}, {'value': 'Bharat Singh Rawat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharat_Singh_Rawat', 'summary': 'Bharat Singh Chaudhari is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Rawat was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Lansdowne constituency in Pauri Garhwal district .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghansali ( SC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghansali', 'summary': 'Ghansali is a small town situated almost 65 kilometres from New Tehri and is an important market for adjacent areas . This small town is situated at bank of Bal Ganga and Bhilangana River and also a confluence point of these two river at the height of 976 Meters from sea level .'}]}, {'value': 'Shakti Lal Shah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Devprayag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devprayag', 'summary': 'Devprayag ( Deva prayāga ) is a town and a nagar panchayat ( municipality ) in Tehri Garhwal district in the state of Uttarakhand , India , and is one of the Panch Prayag ( five confluences ) of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda , Saraswati ( invisible as it is underground ) and Bhagirathi rivers meet and take the name Ganga .'}]}, {'value': 'Vinod Kandari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Narendranagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Narendranagar', 'summary': 'Narendranagar is a town and a municipal board in Tehri Garhwal district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand .'}]}, {'value': 'Subodh Uniyal ( Cabinet Minister )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Subodh_Uniyal', 'summary': 'Subodh Uniyal is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Uniyal is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Narendra Nagar constituency in Tehri Garhwal district .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pratapnagar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vijay Singh Panwar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tehri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tehri_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '13-Tehri Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : १३-टिहरी विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . Tehri Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Tehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Dhan Singh Negi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhan_Singh_Negi', 'summary': 'Dhan Singh Negi is a Youth face of BJP & leading Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Negi is currently a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Tehri constituency in Tehri Garhwal district . Negi won the 2017 Assembly election by the widest margin ever in an election for Tehri assembly seat , defeating an incumbent Cabinet minister . In earlier role he has been Chairman of Aanchal Milk Cooperative Society in Tehri Garhwal between 2009-2012 . Dhan Singh Negi is well known leading voice of rural villages and is acclaimed for his proactive approach , out of box thinking and passion to help .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dhanaulti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhanaulti', 'summary': 'Dhanaulti is a hill station situated in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range located 24 km ( 15 mi ) from the hill station of Mussoorie'}]}, {'value': 'Pritam Singh Panwar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pritam_Singh_Panwar', 'summary': 'Pritam Singh Panwar is an Uttarakhand Kranti Dal leader and member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in India . He was elected from Yamunotri constituency in the 2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election and 2012 . In 2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election , he defeated to Kedar Singh Rawat of Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chakrata ( ST )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chakrata_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '15-Chakrata Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 15 विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . It includes Chakrata area of Dehradun District . This seat is previously known as Chakrata Constituency before 2002 Delimitation Chakrata Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Tehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Pritam Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pritam_Singh_(Uttarakhand_politician)', 'summary': 'Pritam Singh is an Indian politician who is the current President of Uttarakhand Pradesh Congress Committee ( Uttarakhand PCC ) . He is a four term Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly . During the Congress government ( 2002-2007 & 2012-2017 ) in Uttarakhand he had served as a Cabinet Minister for Home , Rural Development , Food and Civil Supplies , Panchayti Raj and Minor Irrigation in Government of Uttarakhand.He was also elected as a Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1993 . Singh represents Chakrata ( Uttarakhand Assembly constituency ) . He is a member of the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vikasnagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vikasnagar_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '16-Vikasnagar Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 16 विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of the Indian state of Uttarakhand . It includes the Vikasnagar area of Dehradun District . Vikasnagar is adjacent to Himachal Pradesh district sirmour and paonta .VikasnagarTehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Munna Singh Chauhan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munna_Singh_Chauhan', 'summary': 'Munna Singh Chauhan is an Indian politician , four time MLA , two times in Uttarakhandand member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Chauhan was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Vikasnagar constituency in Dehradun district .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sahaspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sahaspur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '17-Sahaspur Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 17-सहसपुर विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . It includes Dehradun Cantonment area.Two times Congress . Industrial area selaqui ia part of sahaspur . Educational hub sudduwala is also here.This Sahaspur assembly seat is a part of Tehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Sahdev Singh Pundir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sahdev_Singh_Pundir', 'summary': 'Sahdev Singh Pundir is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Pundir is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Sahaspur constituency in Dehradun district . He holds a Bachelor degree in Arts . Pundir has been Vice-President of the BJP State Unit and is known to be a very amiable person .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharampur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharampur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '18-Dharampur Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 18-विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . This seat is previously known as Laxman Chowk Constituency before 2008 Delimitation . only in 2017 vidhan Sabha bjp won this seat from Congress hands Dharampur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Vinod Chamoli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinod_Chamoli', 'summary': 'Vinod Chamoli is an Indian politician from Uttarakhand and a two term Mayor of Dehradun Municipal Corporation from 3 May 2008 - 3 May 2018 . Chamoli represents the Dharampur ( Uttarakhand Assembly constituency ) . Chamoli is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . he defeated three-time Congress MLA Dinesh Agarwal .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raipur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raipur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '19-Raipur Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 19-विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . It includes Dehradun Cantonment area . Raipur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Tehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': "Umesh Sharma 'Kau '", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umesh_Sharma', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajpur Road ( SC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajpur_(Uttarakhand_Assembly_constituency)', 'summary': '20-Rajpur Legislative Assembly constituency ( Hindi : 20-विधानसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India . It includes Dehradun Cantonment area . Rajpur Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of Tehri Garhwal ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Khajan Das', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of current Assembly members [ 3 ]', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Uttarakhand_Legislative_Assembly_3', 'intro': "The Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly, also known as the Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha, is a unicameral governing and law making body of Uttarakhand, one of the 28 States in India, and is seated at Dehradun, the interim capital of Uttarakhand, with 70 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Following the Bharatiya Janta Party's historic win in 2017 election, the current Chief Minister of Uttarakhand and Leader of the House is Trivendra Singh Rawat. The Speaker of the Assembly is Premchand Aggarwal. Baby Rani Maurya is the current Governor of Uttarakhand. Between 2002 and 2020, Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly had 71 seats, including one reserved seat for the member of Anglo-Indian community that was abolished on 25 January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, reducing the strength of Assembly from 71 to 70 seats."}
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What society was the representative of the Tehri constituency in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly previously chairman of ?
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Aanchal Milk Cooperative Society
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02e255481d4e950d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Washington_&_Jefferson_College_alumni', 'title': 'List of Washington & Jefferson College alumni', 'header': ['Alumni', 'Class year', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Marcus Wilson Acheson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Wilson_Acheson', 'summary': 'Marcus Wilson Acheson ( June 7 , 1828 - June 21 , 1906 ) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington 1845', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( 1891-1906 ) ; Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1880-1891 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( in case citations , 3d Cir . ) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts :'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Murray Gibson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Murray_Gibson', 'summary': 'Robert Murray Gibson ( August 20 , 1869 - December 19 , 1949 ) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania . Prior to his legal career , he briefly played professional baseball for the Chicago Colts and Pittsburgh Alleghenys .'}]}, {'value': '1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1922-1949 ) , serving as Chief Judge 1948-1949', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Dexter LeCompte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Dexter_LeCompte', 'summary': 'Samuel Dexter LeCompte was born in Dorchester County , Maryland , USA , on December 13 , 1814 . He was a lawyer and judge in Kansas . He graduated from Jefferson College ( now Washington & Jefferson College ) in 1834 . He was married in 1841 to Camilla Anderson . They had five children . He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1859 . He served in the Kansas Legislature from 1867-1868 . LeCompte died in Kansas City , Missouri , on April 24 , 1888 . Lecompton , Kansas , official capital of the Kansas Territory , was named in honor of Samuel LeCompte .'}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson 1834', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kansas Territory ( 1854-1859 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_Supreme_Court', 'summary': 'The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas . Composed of seven justices , led by Chief Justice Marla Luckert , the court supervises the legal profession , administers the judicial branch , and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process .'}]}, {'value': 'Barron Patterson McCune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barron_Patterson_McCune', 'summary': 'Barron Patterson McCune ( February 19 , 1915 - September 10 , 2008 ) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1970-2008 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'John Wilson McIlvaine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Wilson_McIlvaine', 'summary': 'John Wilson McIlvaine ( June 22 , 1907 - July 1 , 1963 ) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1955-1963 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'William McKennan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_McKennan', 'summary': 'William McKennan ( September 27 , 1816 - October 27 , 1893 ) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington 1833', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the U. S. Circuit Court for the Third Circuit ( 1869-1891 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( in case citations , 3d Cir . ) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts :'}]}, {'value': 'Andrew G. Miller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_G._Miller', 'summary': 'Andrew Galbraith Miller ( September 18 , 1801 - September 30 , 1874 ) was an American lawyer and judge . He was the first United States District Judge of the Eastern District of Wisconsin after having served as the only Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Wisconsin . Prior to Wisconsin statehood , he served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin Territory .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington 1819', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justice of the Wisconsin Territory Supreme Court ( 1838-1848 ) ; Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Wisconsin and Eastern District of Wisconsin ( 1848-1873 ) ; Pennsylvania Attorney General', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Wisconsin_Supreme_Court_Justices', 'summary': 'This is a list of justices serving in the Wisconsin Supreme Court . Territorial judges'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wisconsin_Supreme_Court', 'summary': 'The Wisconsin Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in Wisconsin . The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over original actions , appeals from lower courts , and regulation or administration of the practice of law in Wisconsin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'The following are former United States district courts , which ceased to exist because they were subdivided into smaller units . With the exception of California , each of these courts initially covered an entire U.S. state , and was subdivided as the jurisdictions which they covered increased in population . Two of the district courts - those of South Carolina and New Jersey - were subdivided but later recreated . Every change to the divisions and boundaries of these courts is effected by an act of the United States Congress , and for each such action , the statutory reference is identified .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Wisconsin', 'summary': "The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin ( in case citations , E.D . Wis. ) is a federal trial court of limited jurisdiction . The court is under the auspices of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit , although patent claims and claims against the federal government under the Tucker Act are appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit . The Eastern District was established on June 30 , 1870 . The district 's headquarters , central courthouse , and the majority of its offices are located in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , but the northern counties of the district are serviced by a courthouse in Green Bay , Wisconsin . Currently , Judge William C. Griesbach , chambered in Green Bay , is the district 's chief judge ; the United States Attorney for the District is Matthew Krueger ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania_Attorney_General', 'summary': "The Pennsylvania Attorney General is the chief law enforcement officer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . It became an elected office in 1980 . The current Attorney General is Democrat Josh Shapiro . On August 15 , 2016 , then-Attorney General Kathleen Kane was convicted of criminal charges , including conspiracy , perjury , and obstruction of justice , and announced her resignation the following day , effective August 17 . Consequently , as the Solicitor General , Bruce Castor assumed the office as Acting Attorney General . Governor Tom Wolf nominated Bruce Beemer to serve out the remaining balance of Kane 's term which expired in January 2017 in which Democrat Josh Shapiro succeeded Bruce Beemer ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethelbert Patterson Oliphant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethelbert_Patterson_Oliphant', 'summary': 'Ethelbert Patterson Oliphant was a judge of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory from 1861 to 1865 . He graduated from Jefferson College ( now Washington & Jefferson College ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory ( 1861-1865 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Supreme_Court', 'summary': "The Washington Supreme Court is the highest court in the judiciary of the US state of Washington . The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices . Members of the Court are elected to six-year terms . Justices must retire at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 75 , per the Washington State Constitution . The Chief Justice is chosen by secret ballot by the Justices to serve a 4-year term . The current Chief Justice is Debra L. Stephens who was elected by her peers on November 6 , 2019 . Chief Justice Debra Stephens was sworn in on January 5 , 2020 , and succeeds Mary Fairhurst , who retired for medical reasons . Prior to January 1997 ( pursuant to a Constitutional amendment adopted in 1995 ) the post of Chief Justice was held for a 2-year term by a justice who ( i ) was one of the Justices with 2 years left in their term , ( ii ) was the most senior in years of service of that cohort , and ( iii ) ( generally ) had not previously served as Chief Justice . The last Chief Justice under the rotation system , Barbara Durham was the architect of the present internal election system , and was the first to be elected under the new procedure , serving until her resignation in 1999 . The court convenes in the Temple of Justice , a historic building on the Washington State Capitol campus in Olympia , Washington . The persuasiveness of the Court 's decisions reaches far beyond Washington 's borders . A Supreme Court of California study published in 2007 found that the Washington Supreme Court 's decisions were the second most widely followed by the appellate courts of all other US states in the period from 1940 to 2005 ( second only to California ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Albert C. Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_C._Thompson', 'summary': 'Albert Clifton Thompson ( January 23 , 1842 - January 26 , 1910 ) was a United States Representative from Ohio and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson 1854†', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio ( 1898-1910 ) ; U.S . Congressman from Ohio ( 1885-1891 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Ohio', 'summary': "The United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio ( in case citations , S.D . Ohio ) is one of two United States district courts in Ohio and includes forty-eight of the state 's eighty-eight counties . Appeals from the court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit at Cincinnati ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) . The court is divided into two divisions . The Eastern Division , which sits in the Joseph P. Kinneary United States Courthouse at Columbus , serves the counties of Athens , Belmont , Coshocton , Delaware , Fairfield , Fayette , Franklin , Gallia , Guernsey , Harrison , Hocking , Jackson , Jefferson , Knox , Licking , Logan , Madison , Meigs , Monroe , Morgan , Morrow , Muskingum , Noble , Perry , Pickaway , Pike , Ross , Union , Vinton , and Washington The Western Division sits at both Cincinnati and Dayton . Cases from the counties of Adams , Brown , Butler , Clermont , Clinton , Hamilton , Highland , Lawrence , Scioto , and Warren are heard at Cincinnati in the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse . Cases from the counties of Champaign , Clark , Darke , Greene , Miami , Montgomery , Preble , and Shelby are heard at Dayton . The United States Attorney 's Office of the Southern District of Ohio represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court . As of October 28 , 2019 , the United States Attorney is David M. DeVillers . On February 12 , 2014 , Peter C. Tobin was confirmed to be the United States Marshal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ohio', 'summary': "Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state ."}]}, {'value': 'W. H. Seward Thomson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._H._Seward_Thomson', 'summary': 'W. H. Seward Thomson ( December 16 , 1856 - November 29 , 1932 ) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1878', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1914-1932 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'John Titus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Titus_(jurist)', 'summary': 'John Titus ( August 12 , 1812 - October 16 , 1876 ) was an American attorney and jurist . He served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Courts of both Utah and Arizona Territory .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Justice of Arizona Territorial Supreme Court ( 1870-1874 ) ; Chief Justice of Utah Territorial Supreme Court ( 1863-1868 ) ; Associate Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court ( 1869-1870 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Territorial_Supreme_Court', 'summary': "The Arizona Supreme Court is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Arizona . Sitting in the Supreme Court building in downtown Phoenix , the court consists of a chief justice , a vice chief justice , and five associate justices . Each justice is appointed by the governor of Arizona from a list recommended by a bipartisan commission . Justices stand for retention in an election two years after their appointment and then every six years . They must retire at age 70 . The Chief Justice is chosen for a five-year term by the court , and is eligible for re-election . He or she supervises the administration of all the inferior courts . He or she is Chairman of the Commission on Appellate Court Appointments , which nominates candidates to fill vacancies in the appellate courts . If the Governor fails to appoint one of the nominated candidates within sixty days of their names being submitted to her or him , the Chief Justice makes the appointment . The Vice Chief Justice , who acts as Chief Justice in the latter 's absence or incapacity , is chosen by the court for a term determined by the court . The jurisdiction of the court is prescribed by Article VI , Section 5 of the Arizona Constitution . Most of the appeals heard by the court go through the Arizona Court of Appeals , except for death penalty cases , over which the Arizona Supreme Court has sole appellate jurisdiction ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Utah_Territorial_Supreme_Court', 'summary': 'The Utah Supreme Court is the supreme court of the state of Utah , United States . It has final authority of interpretation of the Utah Constitution . The Utah Supreme Court is composed of five members : a chief justice , an associate chief justice , and three justices . All justices are appointed by the governor of Utah , with confirmation by the Utah Senate . The five justices vote among themselves for the position of chief justice and associate chief justice , who each serve a term of four years .'}]}, {'value': 'James Scott Young', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Scott_Young', 'summary': 'James Scott Young ( December 3 , 1848 - February 25 , 1914 ) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1869', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1908-1914 ) ; U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( 1902-1905 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania ( in case citations , W.D . Pa. ) sits in Pittsburgh , Erie , and Johnstown , Pennsylvania . It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law . Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act , which are appealed to the Federal Circuit ) .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Law and government -- Federal Judges', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Washington_&_Jefferson_College_alumni_5', 'intro': "Washington & Jefferson College is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, which is located in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The college traces its origin to three log cabin colleges in Washington County, Pennsylvania established by three frontier clergymen in the 1780s: John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith. These early schools eventually grew into two competing colleges, with Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania being chartered in 1802 and Washington College being chartered in 1806. These two schools merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College. As of 2009, Washington & Jefferson College had about 12,000 living alumni. Before the union of the two colleges, Washington College graduated 872 men and Jefferson College graduated 1,936 men. The alumni association recognizes as alumni all students who have completed at least one college year as full-time students. These alumni include James G. Blaine, who served in Congress as Speaker of the House, U.S. Senator from Maine, two-time United States Secretary of State and the Republican nominee for the 1884 presidential election. Other graduates have held high federal positions, including United States Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin Bristow and United States Attorney General Henry Stanbery, who successfully defended Andrew Johnson during his impeachment trial. As a U.S. Congressman, Clarence Long was a key figure in directing funds to Operation Cyclone, the CIA's effort to arm the mujahideen in the Soviet-Afghan War."}
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Prior to the American lawyer becoming the first US District Judge of the Eastern District of Wisconsin , he held what job that required him to hold jurisdiction over original actions , appeals from lower courts , and regulation or administration of the practice of law ?
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served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin Territory
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02e2eb5f078729e4
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Tippeligaen', 'title': '2009 Tippeligaen', 'header': ['Team', 'Kit maker', 'Shirt sponsor', 'UEFA Fair Play ( avg . pts . )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bodø/Glimt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diadora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diadora', 'summary': 'Diadora is an Italian sports clothing and fashion accessory manufacturer with locations in Italy , Brazil , the United States , Hong Kong , Australia and Bangladesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordlandsbanken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordlandsbanken', 'summary': 'Nordlandsbanken was a Norwegian bank serving the County of Nordland . Nordlandsbanken was at the end a wholly owned subsidiary of DnB NOR who bought the bank in 2003 . It had total assets of NOK 22 billion and headquarters in Bodø . The bank had 17 branches .'}]}, {'value': '7,82', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brann', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(company)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Vest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Vest', 'summary': "Sparebanken Vest ( OSE : SVEG ) is the third largest savings bank in Norway , and the country 's second oldest bank . Its predecessor , Bergens Sparebank , was established in 1823 . The main offices lie in Bergen , though the bank has branches throughout Hordaland , Sogn og Fjordane and Rogaland . Sparebanken Vest was previously a member of the SpareBank1 alliance ."}]}, {'value': '7,79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fredrikstad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Carnegie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carnegie_Investment_Bank', 'summary': 'Carnegie Investment Bank AB is a Swedish financial services group with activities in securities brokerage , investment banking and private banking . Founded in 1803 , Carnegie is headquartered in Stockholm with offices across the Nordic region , as well as in London , New York , and Luxembourg . The company has market leading positions in equities research and brokerage , corporate finance advisory and private wealth management . Carnegies customers include institutional investors , corporates , financial institutions , private equity firms , governments and high-net-worth individuals . In 2018 Carnegie had revenues of SEK 2.4 billion and as of 31 December 2018 assets of SEK 12.6 billion . Assets under management amounts to SEK 110 billion and the number of employees is approximately 600 as of Q2 2019 . In the wake of the economic crisis of 2008 Carnegie Investment Bank AB was nationalized on November 10 , 2008 . In May 2009 , the bank was acquired in a joint venture by the private equity company Altor Equity Partners and the investment company Bure Equity . The ambition is to re-establish Carnegie as the leading independent investment bank in the Nordic region .'}]}, {'value': '7,77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lillestrøm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diadora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diadora', 'summary': 'Diadora is an Italian sports clothing and fashion accessory manufacturer with locations in Italy , Brazil , the United States , Hong Kong , Australia and Bangladesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordea', 'summary': 'Nordea Bank Abp ( Finnish : Nordea Bank Oyj ) , commonly referred to as Nordea , is a European financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki , Finland . The bank is the result of the successive mergers and acquisitions of the Finnish , Danish , Norwegian and Swedish banks of Merita Bank , Unibank , Kreditkassen ( Christiania Bank ) and Nordbanken that took place between 1997 and 2000 . The Baltic states are today also considered part of the home market . The largest shareholder of Nordea is Sampo , a Finnish insurance company with around 20% of the shares . Nordea is listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange , Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange . Nordea operates across both the Nordic and Baltic regions with over 1,400 branches . The bank is present in 20 countries around the world , operating through full-service branches , subsidiaries and representative offices , although it primarily provides services in Finland , Norway , Denmark , Sweden , Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania . Nordea serves 11 million private and 700,000 active corporate customers . The group also operates an Internet bank , which has more than 5.9 million online customers and performs more than 260 million payments per year .'}]}, {'value': '7,70', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Carrot Communications', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,53', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Molde', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Møre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Møre', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Møre is a Norwegian savings bank , headquartered in Ålesund , Norway . The banks main market is Møre og Romsdal . The bank was established when several savings banks in Møre og Romsdal merged . The following savings banks joined the merger in 1985 :'}]}, {'value': '7,96', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Odd Grenland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Skagerak Energi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skagerak_Energi', 'summary': "Skagerak Energi is a Norwegian utility company . The company 's main focus is production and distribution of electrical power and other energy , in addition to business areas related to this . The group has about 600 employees , and an annual power production of 5 TWh , about 176,000 grid customers , and an annual revenue of NOK 2 billion . Skagerak does not sell electricity to end-users , but is a co-owner in the end-user power company Fjordkraft . Skagerak Energi is a part of Statkraft Group , and is owned 66.62% by Statkraft Regional Holding , and 33.38% by the towns in the Grenland region in Norway . It operates 17 wholly owned and 28 partially hydroelectric power plants . Skagerak Energi is a major sponsor of the first-division Norwegian football team Odd Grenland ."}]}, {'value': '7,97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosenborg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'REMA 1000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/REMA_1000', 'summary': 'REMA 1000 is a multinational no-frills supermarket chain owned entirely by the Reitan Group ( Reitangruppen ) . REMA is a short for Reitan Mat ( Reitan Food ) , referring to Odd Reitan ( founder of the company ) . 1000 refers to offering a selection of only one thousand different products ( see the history section ) . With their headquarters located in Oslo , Norway , REMA 1000 includes businesses in Norway and Denmark . The chain is based on a franchised discount concept : buying large quantities of a limited range of products and offering these to semi-independent owners under their brand . By the end of 2016 , Rema 1000 had a total amount of 868 stores spread across Norway and Denmark . By 2016 , the supermarket chain captured 24,2% of the total revenue by all Norwegian supermarkets , taking the lead over its closest rival Kiwi .'}]}, {'value': '8,12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandefjord', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jotun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jotun_(company)', 'summary': 'The Jotun Group is a Norwegian chemicals company dealing mainly in decorative paints and performance coatings ( marine , protective and powder coatings ) . As of December 2019 , the company has a presence in more than 100 countries around the world , with more than 10,000 employees , 63 companies in 45 countries , and 37 production facilities in 21 countries .'}]}, {'value': '7,63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stabæk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fornebu - nytt liv', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Start', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Sør', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Sør', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Sør is a savings bank based in Kristiansand , Norway . Sparebanken Sør´s main market is located in the counties of Aust-Agder , Vest-Agder and Telemark . There are 40 branches in this district serving the customers . The internet and mobile banking services are among the most modern in Norway . Sparebanken Sør is an independent savings bank with total assets of BNOK 90 , and 500 man-years as of 1 . January 2014 . The bank´s main products are savings , loans and domestic and international payment services . In cooperation with other savings banks , Sparebanken Sør owns companies for insurance , securities and leasing/factoring , and the bank is selling their products . Sparebanken Sør is regulated by the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway ( Finanstilsynet )'}]}, {'value': '7,73', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strømsgodset', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Drammen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tromsø', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Nord-Norge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Nord-Norge', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Nord-Norge ( OSE : NONG ) , branded as SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge is a Norwegian savings bank . The bank has 90 branch offices in Nordland , Tromsø , Finnmark and Svalbard and a head office in Tromsø . It has 250,000 private and 40,000 institutional customers with total assets of NOK 48 billion . The bank is a founding member of the bank alliance SpareBank 1 , with a 19.5% ownership .'}]}, {'value': '7,92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viking', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Lyse Energi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyse_Energi', 'summary': "Lyse ( Norwegian for ( to ) light ) is a power company based in Jæren and Ryfylke , Norway . The company operates ten hydroelectric and one thermal power plants , the power grid in 16 municipalities as well as fiberoptic broadband ( Altibox ) and other telecommunication services , natural gas distribution , district heating , burglar alarms , liquefied natural gas , retailing and installation services . The company 's head office is located in Stavanger . In 2015 the company changed its name from Lyse Energi AS to Lyse AS . The company is owned by the municipalities of Stavanger ( 43.68% ) , Sandnes ( 19.53% ) , Sola ( 8.74% ) , Time ( 5.83% ) , Klepp ( 4.23% ) , Hå ( 3.78% ) , Randaberg ( 3.28% ) , Eigersund ( 2.95% ) , Strand ( 2.53% ) , Rennesøy ( 1.15% ) , Hjelmeland ( 0.99% ) , Gjesdal ( 0.93% ) , Finnøy ( 0.91% ) , Lund ( 0.71% ) , Bjerkreim ( 0.51% ) and Kvitsøy ( 0.23% ) . Lyse operates the power grid in all these municipalities ."}]}, {'value': '7,59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vålerenga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(company)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hafslund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hafslund_(company)', 'summary': 'Hafslund ASA was listed on Oslo Børs ( Oslo Stock Exchange ) until August 4 , 2017 , and was one of the largest listed power companies in the Nordic region . Oslo municipality , with a stake of 53.73 percent , was the largest owner when the company was taken out of stock exchange . The two largest shareholders in Hafslund ASA - Oslo Municipality and Fortum - entered into an agreement in the spring of 2017 to acquire Hafslund , with a subsequent restructuring of the Group . Oslo Municipality and Fortum conducted several transactions , and from 4 August 2017 the ownership in Hafslund is as follows :'}]}, {'value': '7,93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aalesund', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Møre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Møre', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Møre is a Norwegian savings bank , headquartered in Ålesund , Norway . The banks main market is Møre og Romsdal . The bank was established when several savings banks in Møre og Romsdal merged . The following savings banks joined the merger in 1985 :'}]}, {'value': '7,72', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2009_Tippeligaen_3', 'intro': 'The 2009 Tippeligaen was the 64th completed season of top division football in Norway. The competition began on 15 March and end on 1 November. Stabæk were the defending champions. Odd Grenland, Sandefjord and Start entered as the three promoted teams from the 2008 1. divisjon. They replaced HamKam who were relegated to the 2009 1. divisjon.'}
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The kit maker for 2009 Tippeligaen 's Bodø/Glimt has is present in what South American country ?
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Brazil
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02e3598d9f478ceb
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_family_relations_in_professional_wrestling', 'title': 'List of family relations in professional wrestling', 'header': ['In-law', 'In-law', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dick Beyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Beyer', 'summary': "Richard John Beyer ( July 11 , 1930 - March 7 , 2019 ) was an American professional wrestler who is best known by his ring names , The Destroyer or Doctor X. Beyer worked extensively in Japan and in 2017 he was awarded one of the country 's highest honors , the Order of the Rising Sun ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Red Lyons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Red_Lyons', 'summary': 'William Snip ( 17 May 1932 - 22 June 2009 ) was a Canadian professional wrestler , who wrestled under the ring name Billy Red Lyons . He was an active wrestler between 1956 and 1984 , and won numerous championship throughout his career . He worked for promotions in both Canada and the United States , particularly in Ontario , California , Minneapolis , Texas , Georgia , and Oklahoma . He won numerous tag team championships throughout his career , including with Dick Beyer , who was his real-life brother-in-law , as well as Fritz Von Erich , Bill Watts , and Ray Gunkel . [ citation needed ] He also won singles championships , including the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship . After his retirement from in-ring competition , he would work for Maple Leaf Wrestling in Toronto and the World Wrestling Federation .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Bill Dundee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Dundee', 'summary': 'William Bill Cruickshanks ( born 24 October 1943 ) is a Scottish born-Australian professional wrestler and author better known by his stage name Bill Dundee . Cruickshanks is the father of Jamie Dundee and the father-in-law of wrestler Bobby Eaton .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobby Eaton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Eaton', 'summary': 'Robert Lee Eaton ( born August 14 , 1958 ) is an American retired professional wrestler , who made his debut in 1976 . He is most famous for his work in tag teams , especially his days as one-half of The Midnight Express . Under the management of Jim Cornette , he originally teamed with Dennis Condrey and , later on , with Stan Lane . He also worked with a number of other tag team partners , including Koko B. Ware , Steve Keirn , and Lord Steven Regal . In his career , Eaton wrestled for extended periods of time for various wrestling promotions : Mid-America Wrestling , Continental Wrestling Association , Mid-South Wrestling , World Class Championship Wrestling , Jim Crockett Promotions , World Championship Wrestling , and Smoky Mountain Wrestling . He also made brief guest appearances for Extreme Championship Wrestling , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , and a considerable number of independent wrestling promotions over the years .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Bestia Salvaje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bestia_Salvaje', 'summary': 'Juan Manuel Rodriguez ( February 11 , 1962 - March 20 , 2008 ) was a Mexican luchador , best known by his ringname Bestia Salvaje , who competed in Mexican and international promotions during the 1980s and 1990s , most notably with Emilio Charles Jr. and Scorpio Jr. as part of the stable Los Talibanes . A second generation wrestler , he was the son of Espectro II and the brother of Corazón Salvaje as well as the brother-in-law of Charrito de Oro . During his career he wrestled mainly for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre ( EMLL ) , later known as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) . He had several feuds during his career including ones against Ringo Mendoza , Mano Negra , and Héctor Garza . He won the CMLL World Tag Team Championship twice with Scorpio Jr. , and the CMLL World Trios Championship with Emilio Charles Jr. and Sangre Chicana . He wrestled the last match of his career two months before his death in January 2008 in Guadalajara , Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Charrito de Oro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Greg Gagne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Gagne_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Gregory Alan Greg Gagne ( born July 27 , 1948 ) is a retired American professional wrestler . He is the son of Verne Gagne . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , he achieved his biggest success as one half of the tag team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell . The High Flyers enjoyed a number of high-profile feuds within the American Wrestling Association ( AWA ) with the likes of Bobby Duncum and Blackjack Lanza , Pat Patterson and Ray The Crippler Stevens , The East-West Connection ( Adrian Adonis and Jesse The Body Ventura ) , and The Sheiks ( Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Larry Zbyszko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Zbyszko', 'summary': 'Lawrence Whistler ( born December 5 , 1951 ) , better known by the ring name Larry Zbyszko , is an American retired professional wrestler and author perhaps best known for his feud with his mentor , Bruno Sammartino , during the early 1980s . Among other accolades , he is a two-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion , and the final titleholder . Zbyszko was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on March 28 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Black Gordman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sicodelico Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Gory Guerrero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gory_Guerrero', 'summary': 'Salvador Guerrero Quesada ( January 11 , 1921 - April 18 , 1990 ) , better known as Gory Guerrero , was one of the premier Mexican American professional wrestlers in the early days of Lucha Libre when most wrestlers were imported from outside Mexico . He wrestled primarily in Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre ( EMLL ) between the 1940s and 1960s . He was also the patriarch of the Guerrero wrestling family .'}]}, {'value': 'Enrique Llanes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enrique_Llanes', 'summary': 'Enrique Juan Yañez González ( August 24 , 1919 - September 18 , 2004 ) , best known under the ring name Enrique Llanes , was one of the premier Hispanic professional wrestlers in the early days of Lucha Libre when most wrestlers were imported from outside of Mexico . Llanes held both the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship and the NWA World Middleweight Championship during his career . Enrique Llanes is the brother-in-law to Gory Guerrero and uncle to Mando Guerrero , Chavo Guerrero , Sr. , Hector Guerrero and Eddie Guerrero , his brothers Mario and Sergio Llanes also wrestled as did his son Javier Llanes . Llanes is credited with innovating the La Cerrajera ( Modified abdominal stretch ) submission hold .'}]}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Ben Bassarab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Bassarab', 'summary': "Benjamin Bassarab ( born March 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian former bodybuilder and professional wrestler , best known for his appearances for Stu Hart 's Stampede Wrestling promotion throughout the 1980s . Bassarab is a two time Stampede International Tag Team champion . Wrestling historian Dave Meltzer described Bassarab as a semi-spectacular in-ring performer ."}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Ellie Hart Georgia Hart Bret Hart Ross Hart Diana Hart Owen Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Hart', 'summary': 'Diana Joyce Hart-Smith ( born 8 October 1963 ) is a Canadian-American writer , model , valet and wrestling personality . She is the youngest daughter of Canadian wrestling promoter Stu Hart and was the second to last child born to Stu and his wife Helen . She is best known for her several appearances for Stampede Wrestling and WWE often with her brothers Bret and Owen Hart as well as her husband Davey Boy Smith , and for her book , Under the Mat . She was also the 1997 Mrs. Calgary Stampede .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Owen_Hart', 'summary': "Owen James Hart ( May 7 , 1965 - May 23 , 1999 ) was a Canadian-American professional and amateur wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling , New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He received most of his success in the WWF , where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer . A member of the Hart wrestling family , he was born in Calgary , Alberta , the youngest of 12 children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and Helen Hart . Among other accolades , Owen was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , a one-time WWF European Champion , and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion , as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , and was widely regarded as one of the company 's best in-ring performers . Hart died on May 23 , 1999 , due to injuries suffered following an equipment malfunction and subsequent fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City , Missouri , United States , during his ring entrance at the WWF 's Over the Edge pay-per-view event ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Jim Neidhart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Neidhart', 'summary': 'James Henry Neidhart ( February 8 , 1955 - August 13 , 2018 ) was an American professional wrestler known for his appearances in the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation as Jim The Anvil Neidhart , where he was a two-time WWF Tag Team Champion with his real-life brother-in-law Bret Hart in The Hart Foundation . He also won titles in Stampede Wrestling , Championship Wrestling from Florida , Mid-South , Memphis and the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation . He was part of the Hart wrestling family through marriage to his wife Elizabeth Hart , teaming with various members throughout his career , and appearing with his daughter Natalya Neidhart on the reality television show Total Divas .'}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Georgia Hart Bret Hart Alison Hart Ross Hart Diana Hart Owen Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Hart', 'summary': 'Diana Joyce Hart-Smith ( born 8 October 1963 ) is a Canadian-American writer , model , valet and wrestling personality . She is the youngest daughter of Canadian wrestling promoter Stu Hart and was the second to last child born to Stu and his wife Helen . She is best known for her several appearances for Stampede Wrestling and WWE often with her brothers Bret and Owen Hart as well as her husband Davey Boy Smith , and for her book , Under the Mat . She was also the 1997 Mrs. Calgary Stampede .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Owen_Hart', 'summary': "Owen James Hart ( May 7 , 1965 - May 23 , 1999 ) was a Canadian-American professional and amateur wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling , New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He received most of his success in the WWF , where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer . A member of the Hart wrestling family , he was born in Calgary , Alberta , the youngest of 12 children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and Helen Hart . Among other accolades , Owen was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , a one-time WWF European Champion , and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion , as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , and was widely regarded as one of the company 's best in-ring performers . Hart died on May 23 , 1999 , due to injuries suffered following an equipment malfunction and subsequent fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City , Missouri , United States , during his ring entrance at the WWF 's Over the Edge pay-per-view event ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'B.J . Annis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B.J._Annis', 'summary': 'Bradley Joseph Annis ( born 1947 ) is a retired bodybuilder , powerlifter , fitness guru , professional wrestler , gym owner and firefighter . Annis is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and his ownership and handling of the Calgary gym at which many of the wrestlers trained . Annis is married to Georgia Hart , the daughter of wrestler Stu and wrestling promoter Helen Hart .'}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Ellie Hart Bret Hart Alison Hart Ross Hart Diana Hart Owen Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Hart', 'summary': 'Diana Joyce Hart-Smith ( born 8 October 1963 ) is a Canadian-American writer , model , valet and wrestling personality . She is the youngest daughter of Canadian wrestling promoter Stu Hart and was the second to last child born to Stu and his wife Helen . She is best known for her several appearances for Stampede Wrestling and WWE often with her brothers Bret and Owen Hart as well as her husband Davey Boy Smith , and for her book , Under the Mat . She was also the 1997 Mrs. Calgary Stampede .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Owen_Hart', 'summary': "Owen James Hart ( May 7 , 1965 - May 23 , 1999 ) was a Canadian-American professional and amateur wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling , New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He received most of his success in the WWF , where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer . A member of the Hart wrestling family , he was born in Calgary , Alberta , the youngest of 12 children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and Helen Hart . Among other accolades , Owen was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , a one-time WWF European Champion , and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion , as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , and was widely regarded as one of the company 's best in-ring performers . Hart died on May 23 , 1999 , due to injuries suffered following an equipment malfunction and subsequent fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City , Missouri , United States , during his ring entrance at the WWF 's Over the Edge pay-per-view event ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Davey Boy Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davey_Boy_Smith', 'summary': "David Smith ( 27 November 1962 - 18 May 2002 ) was a British professional wrestler . Born in Golborne , Lancashire , Smith is best known for his appearances in the United States with the World Wrestling Federation under the ring names Davey Boy Smith and The British Bulldog . He was trained by Ted Betley in Winwick , England before relocating to Calgary , Alberta , Canada to further his training under Stu Hart . While training with Hart , Smith met Stu and Helen Hart 's youngest daughter Diana , whom he married on 7 October 1984 . One of their two children , Harry , is also a professional wrestler . Smith won titles within the WWF in three decades , from the 1980s to the 2000s . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events in the WWF and WCW , in which he challenged for the WWF and WCW world heavyweight championships , and defeated his real-life brother-in-law Bret Hart for the WWF Intercontinental Championship in the main event of SummerSlam 1992 at London 's Wembley Stadium , in front of 80,355 people . He was the inaugural WWF European Champion and holds the records for longest single reign ( 206 days ) and total days as champion ( 253 ) ; he also held the title on the sole occasion where a match for that championship headlined a pay-per-view event , at One Night Only in 1997 . Prior to finding singles success , Smith achieved stardom as one half of The British Bulldogs tag team , alongside his cousin Dynamite Kid ."}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Ellie Hart Georgia Hart Bret Hart Alison Hart Ross Hart Owen Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Owen_Hart', 'summary': "Owen James Hart ( May 7 , 1965 - May 23 , 1999 ) was a Canadian-American professional and amateur wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling , New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He received most of his success in the WWF , where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer . A member of the Hart wrestling family , he was born in Calgary , Alberta , the youngest of 12 children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and Helen Hart . Among other accolades , Owen was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , a one-time WWF European Champion , and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion , as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , and was widely regarded as one of the company 's best in-ring performers . Hart died on May 23 , 1999 , due to injuries suffered following an equipment malfunction and subsequent fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City , Missouri , United States , during his ring entrance at the WWF 's Over the Edge pay-per-view event ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada , Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Julie Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Ellie Hart Georgia Hart Alison Hart Ross Hart Diana Hart Owen Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Hart', 'summary': 'Diana Joyce Hart-Smith ( born 8 October 1963 ) is a Canadian-American writer , model , valet and wrestling personality . She is the youngest daughter of Canadian wrestling promoter Stu Hart and was the second to last child born to Stu and his wife Helen . She is best known for her several appearances for Stampede Wrestling and WWE often with her brothers Bret and Owen Hart as well as her husband Davey Boy Smith , and for her book , Under the Mat . She was also the 1997 Mrs. Calgary Stampede .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Owen_Hart', 'summary': "Owen James Hart ( May 7 , 1965 - May 23 , 1999 ) was a Canadian-American professional and amateur wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling , New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . He received most of his success in the WWF , where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer . A member of the Hart wrestling family , he was born in Calgary , Alberta , the youngest of 12 children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and Helen Hart . Among other accolades , Owen was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , a one-time WWF European Champion , and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion , as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring . He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF , and was widely regarded as one of the company 's best in-ring performers . Hart died on May 23 , 1999 , due to injuries suffered following an equipment malfunction and subsequent fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City , Missouri , United States , during his ring entrance at the WWF 's Over the Edge pay-per-view event ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Martha Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martha_Hart', 'summary': "Martha Joan Hart ( née Patterson ) ( born October 31 , 1966 ) is the widow of professional wrestler Owen Hart . After her husband 's death in an accident at a WWF event , Hart sued the World Wrestling Federation . She later wrote a bestselling book about her husband 's life and founded a charity in his name . She has subsequently been involved in several legal cases involving her husband 's image and has worked as a philanthropist and researcher ."}]}, {'value': 'Smith Hart Bruce Hart Keith Hart Wayne Hart Dean Hart Ellie Hart Georgia Hart Bret Hart Alison Hart Ross Hart Diana Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smith_Hart', 'summary': 'Smith Stewart Hart ( November 28 , 1948 - July 2 , 2017 ) was an American-Canadian professional wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family . His parents were Stu and Helen Hart . Smith was the first of their twelve children , being one of their eight sons , Bruce , Keith , Wayne , Dean , Bret , Ross and Owen followed him . Hart is also the father of two professional wrestlers , Mike and Matt Hart . Hart wrestled for the majority of his career in Canada but also worked briefly in other countries and is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and for his appearances for WWE . He died in 2017 due to prostate cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Bruce Ambrose Edwardious Hart Sr. , possibly Bruce Dennis Luis Hart Sr. ( born January 13 , 1950 ) is an American-Canadian retired professional wrestler , promoter , booker , trainer and school teacher . He is a second generation wrestler and a member of the Hart wrestling family , being the second child of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his brothers Bret and Owen . As a wrestler Hart carried a number of championships , including the Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship and participated in WWF 's Survivor Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Hart_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Keith William Hart ( born August 21 , 1951 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler and firefighter . He is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the third child of Helen and Stu Hart , CM . He is best known for his work for Stampede Wrestling and several appearances for WWE , often with his siblings Bret , Owen , Bruce and Diana . In Stampede he won several championships and for WWE he participated in the seventh edition of Survivor Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Hart', 'summary': 'Dean Harry Anthony Hart ( January 3 , 1954 - November 21 , 1990 ) was a Canadian-American amateur wrestler , professional wrestler , referee , wrestling as well as music promoter and member of the Hart family who wrestled in Canadian regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s , most notably in the Calgary-based Stampede Wrestling . He was the son of Stu and Helen Hart and the younger brother of Smith , Bruce , Keith and Wayne , as well as older brother of Ellie , Georgia , Bret , Alison , Ross , Diana and Owen Hart . Dean was widely regarded as the most handsome of the Hart brothers . He died at the age of 36 in 1990 , from a heart attack induced by kidney failure .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Hart_(wrestling)', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ross_Hart', 'summary': 'Ross Lindsay Hart , ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , promoter , trainer , booker , TV producer , coach and actor . Hart is a member of the Hart wrestling family and the second youngest son of Stu and Helen Hart . He is best known for his work in Stampede Wrestling and several appearances in WWE , often with his siblings Bruce , Keith , Bret , Diana and Owen Hart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Hart', 'summary': 'Diana Joyce Hart-Smith ( born 8 October 1963 ) is a Canadian-American writer , model , valet and wrestling personality . She is the youngest daughter of Canadian wrestling promoter Stu Hart and was the second to last child born to Stu and his wife Helen . She is best known for her several appearances for Stampede Wrestling and WWE often with her brothers Bret and Owen Hart as well as her husband Davey Boy Smith , and for her book , Under the Mat . She was also the 1997 Mrs. Calgary Stampede .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Dynamite Kid Thomas Billington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dynamite_Kid', 'summary': "Thomas Billington ( 5 December 1958 - 5 December 2018 ) , best known by the ring name the Dynamite Kid , was a British professional wrestler . He competed in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) , Stampede Wrestling , All Japan Pro Wrestling ( AJPW ) , and New Japan Pro Wrestling ( NJPW ) in the mid-to-late-1980s . With his cousin Davey Boy Smith , he is also known for having been one half of the tag team The British Bulldogs . He also had notable feuds with Tiger Mask in Japan and Bret Hart in Canada . Billington is considered by many , including Bret Hart and Dave Meltzer , to have been one of wrestling 's most influential in-ring performers , having increased the level of athleticism involved in the art , bringing together styles from Britain , Mexico , Canada and Japan . Billington has the distinction of being a performer ( along with Tiger Mask Satoru Sayama ) in the very first five star rated match by Dave Meltzer , for their NJPW Sumo Hall Show 1983 match . This is thought of very highly in the industry ."}]}, {'value': 'Julie Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julie_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain , Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bret Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bret_Hart', 'summary': "Bret Sergeant Hart ( born July 2 , 1957 ) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler , amateur wrestler , writer and actor . A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler , he has an amateur wrestling background , wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College . A major international draw within professional wrestling , he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore . Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of one of , if not the greatest , to have ever graced the squared circle . For most of his career , he used the nickname Hitman . Hart joined his father Stu Hart 's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978 . He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable . He left for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) following the controversial Montreal Screwjob in November 1997 , where he remained until October 2000 . Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000 , owing to a December 1999 concussion , he officially retired in October 2000 , shortly after his departure from the company . He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010-2011 with WWE , where he won his final championship , headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event , and served as the general manager of Raw . Throughout his career , Hart headlined WrestleMania IX , X , and XII , and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 - as a special enforcer and referee in the former . [ c ] Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s , with a total of 32 held throughout his career , and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW ."}]}, {'value': 'Michelle Billington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michelle_Billington', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Pete Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Wilson_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Peter Minnema better known by his ring name Pete Wilson ( born December 15 , 1985 ) is a Canadian professional wrestler . He is best known for his time in Stampede Wrestling where he held several titles , including the Stampede International Tag Team Championship which he held three times .'}]}, {'value': 'Lindsay Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindsay_Hart', 'summary': "The Hart wrestling family , sometimes known as the Hart dynasty , is a mainly Canadian family with a significant history within professional wrestling . The patriarch of the family was wrestling legend Stu Hart ( 1915-2003 ) . An amateur and professional wrestling performer , promoter and trainer , Stu owned and operated his own wrestling promotion , Stampede Wrestling . He also trained some of the most well known stars in wrestling history including Superstar Billy Graham , Fritz Von Erich , Edge , Chris Jericho , Chris Benoit , Christian and his sons Bret Hart and Owen Hart . All of Stu 's eight sons were wrestlers and two of them , Bret and Owen , achieved considerable fame and success in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) , with many of the WWF 's biggest storylines in the mid-1990s being built around Bret and Owen and their brothers-in-law . As of 2014 , the only Hart actively wrestling in WWE is Stu 's granddaughter Natalie Natalya Neidhart , but Bret makes occasional guest appearances while WWE employs Dungeon graduates Rick Victor , Tyson Kidd ( also Neidhart 's husband ) , and former world champions Christian , and Mark Henry in various roles ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg Valentine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Valentine', 'summary': 'Jonathan Anthony Wisniski ( born September 20 , 1951 ) is an American professional wrestler , better known as Greg The Hammer Valentine . He is the son of wrestler Johnny Valentine . In the course of his career , which has spanned over four decades , Valentine has held more than 40 championships , including the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship , WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship , NWA World tag team title , and WWF World Tag Team Championship . An alumnus of Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling , the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling , he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2004 and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Brian Knobs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Knobs', 'summary': 'Brian Yandrisovitz ( born May 6 , 1964 ) , better known as Brian Knobbs , is an American professional wrestler , best known as one half of the tag team The Nasty Boys along with Jerry Sags .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Buddy Wolfe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buddy_Wolfe', 'summary': 'Les Wolff ( April 11 , 1941 - July 11 , 2017 ) was an American football player and professional wrestler , known by his ring name Beautiful Buddy Wolfe , who competed in North American regional promotions including the American Wrestling Association , National Wrestling Alliance and the World Wide Wrestling Federation during the 1970s and 80s . He found his greatest success as the tag team partner of Don Jardine wrestling as the second incarnation of The Spoilers in the Tri-State territory . He was one of several men to team with Jardine as Spoiler # 2 , twice winning the NWA United States Tag Team Championship during the early 1970s . Wolff later formed a tag team with Luscious Larry Heinimi who together were considered one of the top heel tag teams in the Midwest United States during the mid-1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Vachon family', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vachon_family', 'summary': "The Vachon family is a French-Canadian family long associated with professional wrestling in Canada and the United States , headed by Maurice Mad Dog Vachon , his brother Paul Butcher Vachon - both longtime NWA and AWA veterans - and their sister Vivian . At one point the Vachons were joined by a storyline brother named Stan Vachon who worked with Maurice and Paul Vachon in tag team matches . In 1975 , the family was the subject of a documentary The Wrestling Queen and , in 2007 , was featured in World Wrestling Entertainment 's The Most Powerful Families in Wrestling . The Vachons are noted to have lived in France in the 17th century . The Vachons have been noted as tough and rough family but they have a very rich history . In 2004 , Maurice and Paul Vachon were inducted as a tag team into the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Siblings in-law -- Regular', 'section_text': "Bret Hart ( left ) with his brother-in-law Jim Neidhart ( right ) Brian Knobs , pictured here at Camp Liberty in Baghdad , Iraq , is the brother-in-law of Greg `` The Hammer '' Valentine", 'uid': 'List_of_family_relations_in_professional_wrestling_20', 'intro': 'This is a list of family relations in professional wrestling. Since the beginning of the artforms secretive history family members have been involved in all aspects of the industry, often to keep it closed off to outsiders. Although most connections are among wrestlers, there have been contributions from family members in many other fileds, such as managing, promoting, training and refereeing.'}
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What is the full name of the person that is related to Brian Knobbs ?
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Jonathan Anthony Wisniski
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02e3bd74a825c227
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Chinese_Taipei_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Chinese Taipei at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lien Te-an', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lien_Te-an', 'summary': "Lien Te-an ( Chinese : 連德安 ; pinyin : Lián Dé'ān ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ ljɛ̌n tɤ̌ án ] ; born October 29 , 1994 in Taiwan ) is a Taiwanese luger who has competed since 2012 . He competed in the first ever Youth Olympics in Innsbruck , Austria , where he finished 20th out of 25th . Te-An also competed for Chinese Taipei at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia , where he placed 39th in the men 's single competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang , South Korea . A total of four luge events were held , between 10 and 15 February 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isheau Wong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isheau_Wong', 'summary': "Wong I-sheau ( 汪亦岫 , Pinyin : Wāng Yìxiù ; born February 12 , 1989 in Taipei , Taiwan ) is a Taiwanese equestrian who competes in show jumping . She represented Chinese Taipei at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil where she competed in the Equestrian Jumping Individual event . She finished in 68th place . Wong was the flagbearer for the Chinese Taipei Olympic Team in the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations . She is the first athlete to compete in the Equestrian events in the history of the country . Wong qualified for the Rio 2016 Games in the Group G FEI qualifier in Hagen , Germany on August 25 , 2015 . Her horse is an 11-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare named Zadarijke V. Wong also trains with a Dutch gelding named Quinlan . Having represented Taiwan in the past 3 Asian Games , Wong will be once again riding for Team Taipei in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta . Wong 's sister is artist Ilyn Wong ."}]}, {'value': 'Equestrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The equestrian events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro were held between 6 and 19 August at National Equestrian Center in Deodoro . Medals were awarded in three disciplines for both individual and team competitions .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sung Ching-yang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sung_Ching-yang', 'summary': "Sung Ching-yang ( Chinese : 宋青陽 ; pinyin : Sòng Qīngyáng ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ sʊ̂ŋ tɕʰíŋ jǎŋ ] ; born 18 October 1992 ) is a Taiwanese inline speed skater and long track speed skater who specialises in the sprint distances . In international competitions he competes under the flag of Chinese Taipei . At the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou , Sung won two gold medals in roller sports , winning both the 300 metres time trial and the 500 metres sprint . In ice skating Sung participated in the 2013-14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup - Men 's 500 metres and 2013-14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup - Men 's 1000 metres and has represented Chinese Taipei at the 2014 Winter Olympics in both events in Sochi . In December 2013 he won a bronze medal at the 1000 metres at the 2013 Winter Universiade speed skating . Ching-Yang became the first speed skater to represent his country at the Winter Olympics ( in 2014 ) . In 2017 he was named to Chinese Taipei 's team at the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo , Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Adler Arena , Sochi , Russia , between 8 and 22 February 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chen Shih-chieh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chen_Shih-chieh', 'summary': "Chen Shih-chieh ( Chinese : 陳士杰 ; born 27 November 1989 in Pingtung , Taiwan , Republic of China ) is a Taiwanese male weightlifter . At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed for his country in the Men 's +105 kg , finishing in 10th with a total of 418 kg . He earned a bronze medal at the 2014 Asian Games in the same event , lifting a combined 424 kg . The 191 kg Chen lifted in the snatch set a new Chinese Taipei record . He was unable to finish the competition at the 2016 Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Weightlifting competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London were held from 28 July to 7 August in the ExCeL venue . Fifteen gold medals were awarded and 260 athletes took part ( 156 men and 104 women ) .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ma Chih-Hung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Chih-Hung', 'summary': "Ma Chih-hung ( Chinese : 馬志鴻 ; pinyin : Mǎ Zhìhóng ; sometimes listed as Chih-Hung Ma ; born November 5 , 1985 in Pingtung County , Taiwan ) is an aboriginal Taiwanese luger who has competed since 2003 . The youngest competitor in men 's luge at the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin at the age of 20 , he finished 28th in the men 's singles event and qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics at Vancouver where he finished 34th . He is also noted for being the only competitor to represent Taiwan in these two Winter events ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The luge competition events of the 2010 Winter Olympics were held between 13 and 17 February 2010 at the Whistler Sliding Centre in Whistler , British Columbia , Canada .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lai Sheng-Jung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lai_Sheng-Jung', 'summary': "Lai Sheng-jung ( simplified Chinese : 赖圣蓉 ; traditional Chinese : 賴聖蓉 ; pinyin : Lài Shèngróng ) is a Taiwanese softball player . She carried Chinese Taipei 's Olympic Flag at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Softball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Softball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Softball at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing took place over a ten-day period starting August 12 and culminating in the medal finals on August 21 . All games were played at the Fengtai Softball Field . Olympic softball is a women only competition , with men competing in the similar sport of baseball . This is the most recently contested softball tournament in Olympic history , as the International Olympic Committee voted to remove baseball from the program in the 2012 Olympics . Along with baseball , softball was rejected for inclusion in the 2016 Summer Olympics at the IOC 's meeting in October 2009 . However , following a 2016 IOC vote , softball will again be conducted for the 2020 Games ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ma Chih-Hung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Chih-Hung', 'summary': "Ma Chih-hung ( Chinese : 馬志鴻 ; pinyin : Mǎ Zhìhóng ; sometimes listed as Chih-Hung Ma ; born November 5 , 1985 in Pingtung County , Taiwan ) is an aboriginal Taiwanese luger who has competed since 2003 . The youngest competitor in men 's luge at the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin at the age of 20 , he finished 28th in the men 's singles event and qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics at Vancouver where he finished 34th . He is also noted for being the only competitor to represent Taiwan in these two Winter events ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Luge competition at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games was held at Cesana Pariol in Cesana , Italy . Three events were staged , taking place from February 11 to February 15 . These were the first games where a qualifying system was used to determine the enterants into the games .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chen Chih-Yuan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chen_Chih-Yuan', 'summary': 'Chen Chih-yuan ( Chinese : 陳致遠 ; Wade-Giles : Chen2 Chih4 Yuan3 ; born October 27 , 1976 in Taoyuan County , Taiwan ) is a Taiwanese aborigine ( tribe : Amis ) former professional baseball player ( position : outfielder ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on two separate diamonds within the Helliniko Olympic Complex , from August 15th to August 25th . For the second time in Olympic competition , professional baseball players were eligible to participate , though no active players from Major League Baseball were available . The competition consisted of a preliminary round with each team playing all the other teams once , for a total of seven games . The top four teams at the end of this round advanced to the medals round . The medals round consisted of two semifinal games with the winners advancing to the gold medal game . The losing teams of the semifinals would play in the bronze medal game .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lin Chui-Bin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Luge competition at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games was held at Utah Olympic Park in Park City . Three events were staged , taking place from February 10 to February 14 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chiang Peng-Lung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiang_Peng-Lung', 'summary': 'Chiang Peng-lung ( Chinese : 蔣澎龍 ; pinyin : Jiǎng Pénglóng ; born 24 July 1976 in Penghu ) is a Taiwanese male professional table tennis player .'}]}, {'value': 'Table tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The table tennis competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics consisted of four events .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) , and commonly known as Nagano 1998 , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 that were centered in Nagano , Japan . The Games also took place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouuchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics ( which were later cancelled ) , as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but each time Nagano was eliminated at the national level by Sapporo . The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events . The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time . The Games saw the introduction of women 's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men 's ice hockey for the first time . Five countries , Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at the Winter Olympics . The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals , including three gold . The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals , including three gold , which took his total Olympic medal total to 12 , including eight gold , which is a record for Winter Olympics . In ice hockey , professionals from the North American National Hockey League participated for the first time . Despite their participation , the Czech men 's ice hockey team won the gold medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sun Kuang-Ming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Kuang-Ming', 'summary': 'Sun Kuang-ming ( born 5 January 1961 ) is a Taiwanese bobsledder . He competed at the 1984 , 1988 , 1994 and the 1998 Winter Olympics . He also competed in the luge at the 1984 and 1988 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of two events at Spiral . The competition took place between February 16 and February 23 , 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tu Tsai-Hsing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place at the Wolf Creek Shooting Complex near Atlanta , United States . Competitions were held in men 's events and women 's events . For men 's and women 's double trap , it was the first Olympic competition , a women 's shotgun event also had been added . In addition , the number of targets in trap and skeet had been reduced from 200 to 125 , and the final rules for all events were changed so that any post-final ties would be broken by shoot-offs , as opposed to the previous rule that preferred the shooter with worse qualification score and better final score ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect .'}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sun Kuang-Ming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Kuang-Ming', 'summary': 'Sun Kuang-ming ( born 5 January 1961 ) is a Taiwanese bobsledder . He competed at the 1984 , 1988 , 1994 and the 1998 Winter Olympics . He also competed in the luge at the 1984 and 1988 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The bobsleigh competitions of the Lillehammer 1994 Olympics were held at the Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track between 19 and 27 February 1994 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wang Kuang-Shih', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wang_Kuang-Shih', 'summary': 'Wang Kuang-Shih ( Chinese : 王光熙 ; pinyin : Wáng Guāngxī ; born 2 August 1967 ) is a Taiwanese baseball player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics . He was part of the Chinese Taipei baseball team which won the silver medal . He played as infielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Baseball had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona . Eight nations competed , with the preliminary phase consisting of each team playing every other team . Playoffs were then held , with the four highest ranked teams advancing . For the semifinals , the 1st place team played the 4th place team and the 2nd place team played against the 3rd place team . The winners of those semifinals competed against each other for the gold medal , with the loser getting the silver medal . The teams defeated in the semifinal played a match for the bronze medal . Baseball was an event open only to amateurs .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Fu-an', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Fu-an', 'summary': "Lee Fu-an ( Chinese : 李福恩 ; pinyin : Lǐ Fú'ēn ; born 4 June 1964 ) is a Taiwanese decathlete . In 1990 , he set a national record for the pole vault at 5.30 meters . Hsieh Chia-han beat the record by one centimeter in 2011 . Lee twice competed once at the World Championships in Athletics , doing so in 1987 , though he failed to complete all ten events . He was twice champion at the Asian Athletics Championships , winning the gold medal at the 1983 and 1989 editions . He was the first man from Taiwan to win that title and was shortly after succeeded by his compatriot Ku Chin-shui ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul a total number of 42 events in athletics were contested : 24 by men and 18 by women . There were a total number of 1617 participating athletes from 149 countries .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chen Chin-San', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chen_Chin-San', 'summary': 'Chen Chin-san ( born 18 January 1959 ) is a Taiwanese bobsledder . He competed at the 1984 , 1988 , 1992 and the 2002 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at Canada Olympic Park . The competition took place between February 20 and February 28 , 1988 . The event included competitors from countries with little or no snow . These countries included Jamaica ( whose involvement spurred the Walt Disney Pictures film Cool Runnings ) , Mexico , and New Zealand . An informal Caribbean Cup of such countries was won by New Zealand 's Alexander Peterson and Peter Henry , who finished equal twentieth . In the two-man event , the best result from a completely snow-less country was twenty-ninth by Bart Carpentier Alting and Bart Dreschsel of the Netherlands Antilles . Alting also competed in luge , finishing thirty-sixth out of thirty-eight . This was the second and last time that Soviet Union took part in bobsleigh teams ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Fu-an', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Fu-an', 'summary': "Lee Fu-an ( Chinese : 李福恩 ; pinyin : Lǐ Fú'ēn ; born 4 June 1964 ) is a Taiwanese decathlete . In 1990 , he set a national record for the pole vault at 5.30 meters . Hsieh Chia-han beat the record by one centimeter in 2011 . Lee twice competed once at the World Championships in Athletics , doing so in 1987 , though he failed to complete all ten events . He was twice champion at the Asian Athletics Championships , winning the gold medal at the 1983 and 1989 editions . He was the first man from Taiwan to win that title and was shortly after succeeded by his compatriot Ku Chin-shui ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , 41 events in athletics were contested . There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries . Womens marathon and womens 3000 meters were contested for the first time at these Games .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chi Cheng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chi_Cheng_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Chi Cheng ( born March 15 , 1944 in Hsinchu , Japanese Taiwan ) , is a Taiwanese track and field athlete . She was an Olympic medalist in 1968 and was named the Associated Press Athlete of the Year for 1970 . She was a former pentathlete turned sprinter .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 38 events in athletics were contested , 24 for men and 14 for women . There were a total number of 1324 participating athletes from 104 countries .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Chinese Taipei at theOlympicsChinese Taipei Olympic flagIOC codeTPENOCChinese Taipei Olympic Committee ( Taiwan ) Websitewww.tpenoc.net ( in Chinese and English ) Medals Gold 5 Silver 7 Bronze 12 Total 24 Summer appearances195619601964196819721976–19801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances1972197619801984198819921994199820022006201020142018Other related appearances Republic of China ( 1932–76 ) This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Chinese Taipei at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Chinese_Taipei_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Chinese Taipei at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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For the Speed Skater who specializes in the sprint distances , how many times has he been the Flag bearer for Chinese Taipei ?
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Once
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_First_Division_(women)', 'title': 'Cypriot First Division (women)', 'header': ['Team', 'Home city', 'Home ground'], 'data': [{'value': 'Anorthosis Famagusta FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anorthosis_Famagusta_FC', 'summary': 'Αnorthosis Famagusta FC ( Greek : Ανόρθωσις Αμμοχώστου , Anorthosis Ammochostou ) , known as Anorthosis , is a Cypriot football , basketball , handball futsal and volleyball club . Originally based in Famagusta , the club is now based in Larnaca , due to the Turkish Invasion in 1974 . As a result , Anorthosis has become a refugee club with supporters all over the island of Cyprus . Anorthosis was founded in 1911 in Famagusta and in 1934 became one of the founder clubs of the Cyprus Football Association . Their home ground is the Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium , the president of the club is Evgenios Hamboullas . One of the most successful clubs in Cypriot football , Anorthosis has won 13 First Division titles , 10 Cypriot Cups and seven Super Cups . Anorthosis is one of three Cypriot clubs never to have played in the second division and the first one which had participated in the Champions League Group Stages .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayia Napa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayia_Napa', 'summary': 'Ayia Napa ( Greek : Αγία Νάπα , locally [ aˈʝanːapa ] ) , officially romanised Agia Napa , is a tourist resort at the far eastern end of the southern coast of Cyprus .'}]}, {'value': 'Dimotiko Stadio Ayia Napa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apollon Ladies F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apollon_Ladies_F.C.', 'summary': "Apollon Ladies FC is a women 's football team from Cyprus , established in 2007 . It is the leading club in the country , having won nine consecutive doubles . It is associated with men 's side Apollon Limassol . Apollon made headlines after beating two-times European champion Umeå IK in their second appearance in the Champions League . This is regarded as one of the biggest surprises in European women 's football . Apollon reached the Round of 32 , where it was knocked out by Zvezda Perm . Apollon again progressed past the qualifying stage in the 2011-12 , 2012-13 and the 2013-14 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Limassol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Limassol', 'summary': "Limassol ( /ˈlɪməsɒl/ ; Greek : Λεμεσός , romanized : Lemesós [ lemeˈsos ] ; Turkish : Limasol or Leymosun ) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and capital of the eponymous district . Limassol is the second largest urban area in Cyprus after Nicosia , with an urban population of 183,658 and a metropolitan population of 239,842 . Limassol has been ranked by TripAdvisor as the 3rd up-and-coming destination in the world , in its Top 10 Travelers Choice Destinations on the Rise . The city is also ranked 89th worldwide in Mercer 's Quality of Living Survey ( 2017 ) . In the ranking published by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , Limassol has been classified global city in the 4th category ( sufficiency level cities ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SEK Agiou Athanasiou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SEK_Agiou_Athanasiou', 'summary': 'SEK Agiou Athanasiou is a Cypriot football club based in Ayios Athanasios , Limassol . Founded in 1956 , was playing sometimes in Second and sometimes in the Third and Fourth Division .'}]}, {'value': 'Apollon Lympion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apollon_Lympion', 'summary': 'The Apollon Lympion is Athletic Club and Cultural Association based in Lympia village of Nicosia district . The official color of the Apollon Lympion is blue , symbolizing the desire of the Greek Cypriots for union of Cyprus with mainland Greece .'}]}, {'value': 'Lympia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lympia', 'summary': 'Lympia or Lymbia ( Greek : Λύμπια ) is a large village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus . In 2011 the population was 2,694 . The name derives from the original name of the settlement Olympia .'}]}, {'value': 'Stadium Apollon Lympion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona_FA', 'summary': "Barcelona Football Academy ( Greek : Σωματειο Μπαρτσελόνα Ποδοσφαίρου Ακαδημία ; Somateio Barcelona Podosfaírou Akadimía ) , is a women 's football team from Germasogeia , Limassol , Cyprus , established in 2016 . They were crowned champions of the 2017-18 Cypriot First Division , and made their European debut in the 2018-19 UEFA Women 's Champions League . For major matches , they play at Limassol 's main Tsirio Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Germasogeia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germasogeia', 'summary': 'Germasogeia ( Greek : Γερμασόγεια ) is an eastern suburb of Limassol and a municipality in the Limassol District of Cyprus . As of 2011 [ update ] , Germasogeia had a population of 13,421 . Its current mayor is Kyriakos Xidias . He won the local elections in 18 December 2016 as an independent candidate . During the elections , Xidias prevailed with 26.73% of the vote against 23.01% of two-term incumbent Andreas Gavrielides . The village was fortified in the medieval period by the Knights Templar . Germasogeia dam was built there in 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'Koinotiko Gipedo Germasogeia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football Academy of Ypsona Limassol Champions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolossi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolossi', 'summary': 'Kolossi ( Greek : Κολόσσι [ locally [ koˈlosːi ] ] ) is a village on the outskirts of Limassol , Cyprus . It lies partly in the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia . Its population in 2011 was 5,651 . Kolossi is known for its medieval castle .'}]}, {'value': 'Koinotiko Gipedo Kolossi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amok Chrysomilia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limassol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Limassol', 'summary': "Limassol ( /ˈlɪməsɒl/ ; Greek : Λεμεσός , romanized : Lemesós [ lemeˈsos ] ; Turkish : Limasol or Leymosun ) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and capital of the eponymous district . Limassol is the second largest urban area in Cyprus after Nicosia , with an urban population of 183,658 and a metropolitan population of 239,842 . Limassol has been ranked by TripAdvisor as the 3rd up-and-coming destination in the world , in its Top 10 Travelers Choice Destinations on the Rise . The city is also ranked 89th worldwide in Mercer 's Quality of Living Survey ( 2017 ) . In the ranking published by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , Limassol has been classified global city in the 4th category ( sufficiency level cities ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dimotiko Stadio Kato polemidion Den xechno', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enosis Neon THOI Lakatamia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enosis_Neon_THOI_Lakatamia', 'summary': 'Enosis Neon THOI Lakatamia ( Greek : Ένωση Νέων ΘΟΪ Λακατάμια ; Youth Union THOI Lakatamia ) is a Cypriot football club , based in Lakatamia , Nicosia . Their colours are blue and yellow and their stadium is the Municipal Stadium of Lakatamia . In 2005/2006 , it was playing in the Cypriot First Division .'}]}, {'value': 'Lakatamia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lakatamia', 'summary': 'Lakatamia ( Greek : Λακατάμια [ lakaˈtamɳa ] ; Turkish : Lakadamya ) is a southwestern suburb of Nicosia , Cyprus . In 2011 Lakatamia had a population of 38,345 . Due to the expansion of the Nicosia urban area , Lakatamia has grown from two small villages ( Upper and Lower Lakatamia ) into a sizeable suburb . Lower Lakatamia used to be inhabited by both Greek and Turkish Cypriots until the mid-1950s . Its name originates from alakatia , i.e . wells , which were apparently abundant in the old village . Lakatamia Airfield , an airstrip used by the Cypriot National Guard , is located to the east of Lakatamia .'}]}, {'value': 'THOI Lakatamia Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lefkothea Nicosia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Latsia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latsia', 'summary': "Latsia ( Greek : Λατσιά [ locally [ laˈt͡ʃʰa ] ] ; Turkish : Laçça ) , a town on the south east outskirts of Nicosia , Cyprus , is today one of the city 's largest suburbs . It hosts the new Nicosia General Hospital , the new GSP Stadium and the Mall of Cyprus . Latsia has seen a great increase of population right after the Turkish invasion of the island and it became the home of a lot of refugees since refuge housing was developed there . The population now has reached 1.097,648 people . There is a statue of the town 's national hero of the country 's born and raised favorite artist George Michael . George Michael visited several times the statue as the statue is of great proportions ."}]}, {'value': 'Dimotiko Stadio Latsia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omonia Nicosia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Omonia_Nicosia', 'summary': 'Athletic Club Omonia Nicosia ( Greek : Αθλητικός Σύλλογος Oμόνοιας Λευκωσίας , ΑΣΟΛ ; Athlitikos Sillogos Omonia Lefkosias , ASOL ) is a Cypriot professional football club based in Nicosia . The club was established on 4 June 1948 . The football team of AC Omonia joined the Cyprus Football Association in 1953 . On 29 May 2018 the football team of AC Omonia became a profesional for-profit football company . Omonia is one of the most popular and historically successful football clubs in Cyprus , having won 20 national championships , 14 cups and 16 super cups . Omonia holds an outstanding record of 14 championships in two decades ( between 1970-1989 ) , a record of being either champion or runner-up 14 times in a row in the championship ( between 1973-1986 ) , and the record of having won the Cypriot Cup four times in a row ( between 1980 and 1983 ) . The AC Omonia also operates basketball , volleyball , cycling and futsal . The latter one is being particularly successful , having won the league and cup in three consecutive years since 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nicosia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicosia', 'summary': "Nicosia ( /ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/ NIK-ə-SEE-ə ; Greek : Λευκωσία , romanized : Lefkosía [ lefkoˈsi.a ] ; Turkish : Lefkoşa [ lefˈkoʃa ] ) is the largest city , capital , and seat of government of Cyprus . It is located near the centre of the Mesaoria plain , on the banks of the River Pedieos . Nicosia is the southeasternmost of all EU member states ' capitals . It has been continuously inhabited for over 4,500 years and has been the capital of Cyprus since the 10th century . The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities of Nicosia segregated into the south and north of the city respectively in early 1964 , following the fighting of the Cyprus crisis of 1963-64 that broke out in the city . This separation became a militarised border between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus after Turkey invaded the island of Cyprus in 1974 , occupying the north of the island , including northern Nicosia . Today North Nicosia is the capital of Northern Cyprus , a state recognized only by Turkey , that is considered to be occupied Cypriot territory by the international community . Apart from its legislative and administrative functions , Nicosia has established itself as the island 's financial capital and its main international business centre . In 2018 , Nicosia was the 32nd richest city in the world in relative purchasing power ."}]}, {'value': 'THOI Lakatamia Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pafia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paphos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paphos', 'summary': "Paphos /ˈpæfɒs/ ( Greek : Πάφος [ ˈpafos ] ; Turkish : Baf ) , sometimes spelled Pafos , is a coastal city in the southwest of Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District . In antiquity , two locations were called Paphos : Old Paphos , today at Kouklia , and New Paphos . The current city of Paphos lies on the Mediterranean coast , about 50 km ( 30 mi ) west of Limassol ( the biggest port on the island ) , which has an A6 highway connection . Paphos International Airport is the country 's second-largest airport . The city has a subtropical-Mediterranean climate , with the mildest temperatures on the island . Paphos is included in the official UNESCO list of cultural and natural treasures of the world 's heritage for its spectacular ancient remains and was selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2017 , along with Aarhus ."}]}, {'value': 'Voithitiko AE Pafou', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2017–18 teams', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Cypriot_First_Division_(women)_0', 'intro': "The Cypriot First Division is the top division of women's football in Cyprus. It has been running since its establishment by the Cyprus Football Association (C.F.A) and its originator Mr. Tassos Katsikidis (vice-president of the board) during the 1998-99 season. The winning team of the league qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League. Although a Cypriot team entered the Champions League every year from 2003-04 onwards, in 2008-09 Apollon Limassol became the first team to win a point in those competitions. There is no second league in Cyprus as of 2014, thus there is no relegation in place."}
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The team established on June 4 , 1948 plays out of a home city on the banks of what river ?
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River Pedieos
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02e6a895005fc7db
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_Order_of_Merit', 'title': 'FIFA Order of Merit', 'header': ['Recipient', 'Year', 'Nationality'], 'data': [{'value': 'Roberto Marinho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Marinho', 'summary': 'Roberto Pisani Marinho ( December 3 , 1904 - August 6 , 2003 ) was a Brazilian businessman who was the owner of media conglomerate Grupo Globo from 1925 to 2003 , and during this period expanded the company from newspapers to radio and television . Born and raised in Rio de Janeiro , Marinho inherited the newspaper O Globo and began working there as a reporter . Later he became the chief editor . Marinho founded and was the president of the Brazilian TV channel , Rede Globo , the biggest television network in the country ; it now has 123 stations and associates . [ citation needed ] Marinho is considered one of the most influential and powerful figures of the 20th century .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Everwijn van Steeden', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Emilio Azcárraga Milmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilio_Azcárraga_Milmo', 'summary': 'Emilio Azcárraga Milmo or Emilio Azcárraga Jr. ( September 6 , 1930 in San Antonio , Texas - April 16 , 1997 outside Miami , Florida ) was a Mexican businessman and the son of Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta and Laura Milmo Hickman . He was educated at Culver Military Academy , he graduated in 1948 . He was married four times , to Nadine Jean , Pamela de Surmont ( dead in 2001 ) , Adriana Abascal , Miss Mexico in 1989 and most recently to Paula Cussi . He worked in various positions in television such as owner of Univision , a twelve-station Spanish-language network in the U.S. , and in the 1960s and 1970s as a controlling shareholder of Televisa , S.A . He was the owner of The National , an American daily newspaper centered on sports that was published from January 31 , 1990 to June 13 , 1991 . He also owned major Mexican television stations and was the chairman of the U.S.-based Spanish-language TV network Galavisión . He was also involved in publishing , video rental , and real estate ventures . He died on April 16 , 1997 on board his yacht ECO outside Miami . His business passed to his son Emilio Azcárraga Jean , and daughters .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Diego Lucero', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uruguay', 'summary': 'Uruguay ( /ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ uɾuˈɣwai ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Spanish : República Oriental del Uruguay ; Portuguese : República Oriental do Uruguai ) , is a country in the southeastern region of South America . It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east , with the Río de la Plata ( River of Silver ) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast . Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.45 million people , of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city , Montevideo . With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometers ( 68,000 sq mi ) , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America , after Suriname . Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4,000 years before the Portuguese established Colónia do Sacramento in 1680 ; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans relatively late compared with neighboring countries . Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century , signifying the competing claims over the region . Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828 , following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain , and later Argentina and Brazil . It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century , with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics . A series of economic crises put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century , culminating in a 1973 coup , which established a civic-military dictatorship . The military government persecuted leftists , socialists , and political opponents , resulting in several deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military ; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985 . Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic , with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government . Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy , peace , low perception of corruption , e-government , and is first in South America when it comes to press freedom , size of the middle class and prosperity .'}]}, {'value': 'Pedro Ramírez Vázquez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Ramírez_Vázquez', 'summary': "Pedro Ramírez Vázquez ( April 16 , 1919 - April 16 , 2013 ) was a late twentieth century Mexican architect . He was born in Mexico City . He was persuaded to study architecture by writer and poet Carlos Pellicer . Ramírez Vázquez earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree from UNAM in 1943 . He was responsible for the construction of some of Mexico 's most emblematic buildings . He was a modern architect with influences from the European modern movement , Latin American modern architects and precolumbian cultures . Concrete is the material he used most often . He developed a system to construct schools in rural areas , constructing thousands of schools in Mexico and abroad . The UNICEF has used such system . He was the president of the organizing committee of the Mexico City Olympics in 1968 and the World Cup in 1970 . He was a member of the International Olympic Committee . He won several awards including the National Arts Award in 1973 , Cemex Award in 2003 and IDSA 's Special Award in 1969 for notable results , creative and innovative concepts and long-term benefits to the industrial design profession , its educational functions and society at large ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Karl-Heinz Heimann', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Walter Lutz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Kissinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Kissinger', 'summary': "Henry Alfred Kissinger ( /ˈkɪsɪndʒər/ ; German : [ ˈkɪsɪŋɐ ] ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger ; May 27 , 1923 ) is an American politician , diplomat , and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford . A Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938 , he became National Security Advisor in 1969 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1973 . For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam , Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances , with two members of the committee resigning in protest . Kissinger later sought , unsuccessfully , to return the prize after the ceasefire failed . A practitioner of Realpolitik , Kissinger played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977 . During this period , he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union , orchestrated the opening of relations with the People 's Republic of China , engaged in what became known as shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East to end the Yom Kippur War , and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords , ending American involvement in the Vietnam War . Kissinger has also been associated with such controversial policies as U.S. involvement in the 1973 Chilean military coup , a green light to Argentina 's military junta for their Dirty War , and U.S. support for Pakistan during the Bangladesh War despite the genocide being perpetrated by his allies . After leaving government , he formed Kissinger Associates , an international geopolitical consulting firm . Kissinger has written over one dozen books on diplomatic history and international relations . Kissinger remains a controversial and polarizing figure in American politics , both condemned as an alleged war criminal by many journalists , political activists , and human rights lawyers , as well as venerated as a highly effective U.S. Secretary of State by many prominent international relations scholars . Along with George Shultz , he is one of only two living members of Nixon 's Cabinet ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Douglas Ivester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_Ivester', 'summary': 'Douglas Ivester ( born 1947 ) is an American businessman . He served as the chairman and chief executive officer of The Coca-Cola Company from 1997 to 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Udo Jürgens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Udo_Jürgens', 'summary': 'Udo Jürgens ( born Jürgen Udo Bockelmann ; 30 September 1934 - 21 December 2014 ) was an Austrian composer and singer of popular music whose career spanned over fifty years . He won the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 for Austria , composed close to 1,000 songs , and sold over 100 million records . In 2007 he additionally obtained Swiss citizenship . He is credited with broadening German-language pop music beyond the traditional postwar Schlager ( hit song ) in the 1950s by infusing it with a modern pop appeal and French chanson style . His compositions and arrangements attracted fans of all ages . Until his death at age 80 he continued to fill venues in Germany , Austria , and Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Fernand Sastre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernand_Sastre', 'summary': "Fernand Sastre ( 1 October 1923 - 13 June 1998 ) was a French football official who was President of the French Football Federation from 1972 to 1984 . The Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre , better known as Clairefontaine , is named after him . He died right after three days when the 1998 FIFA World Cup began to roll at his homeland . Following France 's World Cup victory later , the French squad dedicated the victory to him for his role of developing French football . He was awarded the FIFA Order of Merit in 1998 , the year of his death ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nelson Mandela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Mandela', 'summary': "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( /mænˈdɛlə/ ; Xhosa : [ xolíɬaɬa mandɛ̂ːla ] ; 18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013 ) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , political leader , and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as the president of the African National Congress ( ANC ) party from 1991 to 1997 . A Xhosa , Mandela was born to the Thembu royal family in Mvezo , British South Africa . He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg . There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics , joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944 . After the National Party 's white-only government established apartheid , a system of racial segregation that privileged whites , he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow . Mandela was appointed President of the ANC 's Transvaal branch , rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People . He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial . Influenced by Marxism , he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . Although initially committed to non-violent protest , in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Erwin Himmelseher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Kofi Annan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kofi_Annan', 'summary': "Kofi Atta Annan ( /ˈkoʊfi ˈænæn/ ; 8 April 1938 - 18 August 2018 ) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006 . Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize . He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation , as well as chairman of The Elders , an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela . Annan studied economics at Macalester College , international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva , and management at MIT . Annan joined the UN in 1962 , working for the World Health Organization 's Geneva office . He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996 . He was appointed the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council , and later confirmed by the General Assembly , making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself . He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 , and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007 . As the Secretary-General , Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy ; worked to combat HIV/AIDS , especially in Africa ; and launched the UN Global Compact . He was criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme , but was largely exonerated of personal corruption . After the end of his term as UN Secretary-General , he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development . In 2012 , Annan was the UN-Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria , to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghana', 'summary': "Ghana ( /ˈɡɑːnə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Ghana , is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean , in the subregion of West Africa . Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km2 ( 92,099 sq mi ) , Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west , Burkina Faso in the north , Togo in the east , and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south . Ghana means Warrior King in the Soninke language . The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the 11th century . Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries , of which the most powerful was the Kingdom of Ashanti . Beginning in the 15th century , numerous European powers contested the area for trading rights , with the British ultimately established control of the coast by the late 19th century . Following over a century of native resistance , Ghana 's current borders were established by the 1900s as the British Gold Coast . It became independent of the United Kingdom on 6 March 1957 . Ghana 's population of approximately 30 million spans a variety of ethnic , linguistic and religious groups . According to the 2010 census , 71.2% of the population was Christian , 17.6% was Muslim , and 5.2% practised traditional faiths . Its diverse geography and ecology ranges from coastal savannahs to tropical rain forests . Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is both head of state and head of the government ."}]}, {'value': 'Thaksin Shinawatra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra', 'summary': "Thaksin Shinawatra ( Thai : ทักษิณ ชินวัตร ; RTGS : Thaksin Chinnawat ; pronounced [ tʰák.sǐn t͡ɕʰīn.nā.wát ] ; Montenegrin : Taksin Šinavatra ; born 26 July 1949 ) is a Thai businessman , politician and visiting professor . He served in the Thai Police from 1973 to 1987 , and was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006 . After being ousted from power , he was found guilty of corruption in 2008 and is now living in self-exile . Thaksin founded the mobile phone operator Advanced Info Service and the IT and telecommunications conglomerate Shin Corporation in 1987 , ultimately making him one of the richest people in Thailand . He founded the Thai Rak Thai Party ( TRT ) in 1998 and , after a landslide electoral victory , became prime minister in 2001 . He was the first democratically elected prime minister of Thailand to serve a full term and was re-elected in 2005 by an overwhelming majority . Thaksin declared a war on drugs in which more than 2,500 people were killed . Thaksin 's government launched programs to reduce poverty , expand infrastructure , promote small and medium-sized enterprises , and extend universal healthcare coverage . Thaksin took a strong-arm approach against the separatist insurgency in the Muslim southern provinces . After selling shares of his corporation for more than a billion tax-free dollars to foreign investors , considerable criticism resulted . A citizens ' movement against Thaksin , called People 's Alliance for Democracy or Yellow Shirts , launched mass protests , accusing him of corruption , abuse of power , and autocratic tendencies . Thaksin called snap elections that were boycotted by the opposition and invalidated by the Constitutional Court ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Louis-Dreyfus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Louis-Dreyfus', 'summary': 'Robert Louis-Dreyfus ( ( 1946-06-14 ) 14 June 1946 - ( 2009-07-04 ) 4 July 2009 ) was a French businessman who had major success as chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Adidas-Salomon and Saatchi & Saatchi . He was a majority shareholder of the French football team Olympique de Marseille , and during his tenure they re-emerged as a major European football club .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Otto Schily', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otto_Schily', 'summary': 'Otto Georg Schily ( born 20 July 1932 ) was Federal Minister of the Interior of Germany from 1998 to 2005 , in the cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder . He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Rudi Michel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohammed Yusuf', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fiji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fiji', 'summary': "Fiji ( /ˈfiːdʒi/ ( listen ) FEE-jee ; Fijian : Viti [ ˈβitʃi ] ; Fiji Hindi : फ़िजी , Fijī ) , officially the Republic of Fiji ( Fijian : Matanitu Tugalala o Viti ; Fiji Hindi : फ़िजी गणराज्य , Fijī Gaṇarājya ) , is an island country in Melanesia , part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1,100 nautical miles ( 2,000 km ; 1,300 mi ) northeast of New Zealand 's North Island . Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west , New Caledonia to the southwest , New Zealand 's Kermadec Islands to the southeast , Tonga to the east , the Samoas and France 's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast , and Tuvalu to the north . Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands - of which 110 are permanently inhabited - and more than 500 islets , amounting to a total land area of about 18,300 square kilometres ( 7,100 sq mi ) . The most outlying island is Ono-i-Lau . The two major islands , Viti Levu and Vanua Levu , account for 87% of the total population of 883,483 . The capital , Suva , on Viti Levu , serves as the country 's principal cruise-ship port . [ failed verification ] About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu 's coasts , either in Suva or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi - where tourism is the major local industry - or Lautoka , where the sugar-cane industry is paramount . Due to its terrain , the interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited . The majority of Fiji 's islands formed through volcanic activity starting around 150 million years ago . Some geothermal activity still occurs today , on the islands of Vanua Levu and Taveuni . The geothermal systems on Viti Levu are non-volcanic in origin , with low-temperature ( c. 35-60 degrees Celsius ) surface discharges . Sabeto Hot Springs near Nadi is a good example ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Oumar Konaré', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpha_Oumar_Konaré', 'summary': 'Alpha Oumar Konaré ( born 2 February 1946 ) is a former President of Mali for two five-year terms from 1992 to 2002 and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mali', 'summary': "Mali ( /ˈmɑːli/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mali ] ) , officially the Republic of Mali ( French : République du Mali ; Bambara : Mali ka Fasojamana ; N'Ko script : ߡߊߟߌ ߝߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊ ) is a landlocked country in West Africa . Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa , with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) . The population of Mali is 19.1 million . 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017 . Its capital is Bamako . The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert , while the country 's southern part , where the majority of inhabitants live , features the Niger and Senegal rivers . The country 's economy centers on agriculture and mining . Some of Mali 's prominent natural resources include gold , being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent , and salt . Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade : the Ghana Empire ( for which Ghana is named ) , the Mali Empire ( for which Mali is named ) , and the Songhai Empire . During its golden age , there was a flourishing of mathematics , astronomy , literature , and art . At its peak in 1300 , the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa . In the late 19th century , during the Scramble for Africa , France seized control of Mali , making it a part of French Sudan ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Recipients -- Other individuals', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'FIFA_Order_of_Merit_6', 'intro': "The FIFA Order of Merit is the highest honour awarded by FIFA. The award is presented at the annual FIFA congress. It is normally awarded to people who are considered to have made a significant contribution to association football. At FIFA's centennial congress they made one award for every decade of their existence. These awards were also handed out to fans, organisations, clubs, and one to African Football. These were referred to as the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit. The winner doesn't have to be directly involved with football to receive it. One such notable non-footballing personality was Nelson Mandela who won it for bringing South Africa back to international football."}
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For how many years did the official from the eighth-largest country in Africa serve as President ?
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10
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02e79acf1a762a2c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Region,_Uganda', 'title': 'Central Region, Uganda', 'header': ['District', 'Population ( Census 1991 )', 'Population ( Census 2002 )', 'Population ( Census 2014 )', 'Map', 'Chief town'], 'data': [{'value': 'Buikwe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buikwe_District', 'summary': "Buikwe District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . It is named after its 'chief town ' , Buikwe , where the district headquarters are located ."}]}, {'value': '250,511', 'urls': []}, {'value': '329,858', 'urls': []}, {'value': '422,771', 'urls': []}, {'value': '82', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buikwe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buikwe', 'summary': 'Buikwe , sometimes spelled Buyikwe , is a town in Buikwe District , Uganda . It is the administrative center of the district and the location of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'Bukomansimbi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bukomansimbi_District', 'summary': 'Bukomansimbi District is a district in Central Uganda . The district is named after its main municipal center , Bukomansimbi , the location of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': '126,549', 'urls': []}, {'value': '139,556', 'urls': []}, {'value': '151,413', 'urls': []}, {'value': '84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bukomansimbi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bukomansimbi', 'summary': 'Bukomansimbi is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the chief municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Bukomansimbi District and the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'Butambala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Butambala_District', 'summary': 'Butambala District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '74,062', 'urls': []}, {'value': '86,755', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100,840', 'urls': []}, {'value': '86', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gombe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gombe,_Butambala,_Uganda', 'summary': 'Gombe , Butambala , often referred to simply as Gombe , is a municipality in Butambala District in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of the district and the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'Buvuma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buvuma_District', 'summary': 'Buvuma District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . The district is coterminous with the Buvuma Islands archipelago in Lake Victoria and does not have territory on mainland Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '18,482', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42,483', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89,890', 'urls': []}, {'value': '87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitamilo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitamilo', 'summary': 'Kitamilo is a town in Buvuma District , in Central Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative and commercial center of the district . The district headquarters are located there .'}]}, {'value': 'Gomba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gomba_District', 'summary': 'Gomba is a district in Central Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '119,550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '133,264', 'urls': []}, {'value': '159,922', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanoni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanoni', 'summary': 'Kanoni , also Kanoni , Gomba or Kanoni-Gomba , is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the commercial , administrative , and political headquarters of Gomba District .'}]}, {'value': 'Kalangala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalangala_District', 'summary': "Kalangala , also known as Ssesse is a district in Central Uganda . The district is coterminous with the Ssese Islands in Lake Victoria and does not have territory on mainland Uganda . Like other Ugandan districts , it is named after its 'chief town ' , Kalangala which is located on Bugala Island , the largest of the Ssese Islands ."}]}, {'value': '16,371', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34,766', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54,293', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kalangala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalangala', 'summary': 'Kalangala is a town in Kalangala District in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the headquarters of the district .'}]}, {'value': 'Kalungu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalungu_District', 'summary': 'Kalungu District is a district in Central Uganda . It is named after the main town of the district , Kalungu , where the district headquarters are located .'}]}, {'value': '152,028', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160,684', 'urls': []}, {'value': '183,232', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kalungu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalungu_(Uganda)', 'summary': 'Kalungu is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the chief municipal , administrative , and commercial center in Kalungu District .'}]}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kampala_District', 'summary': "Kampala ( UK : /kæmˈpɑːlə/ , US : /kɑːmˈ-/ ) is the capital and largest city of Uganda . The city proper was estimated to have a population of 1,680,800 people on 31st July 2019 and is divided into the five boroughs of Kampala Central Division , Kawempe Division , Makindye Division , Nakawa Division , and Rubaga Division . Kampala 's metropolitan area consists of the city proper and the neighboring Wakiso District , Mukono District , Mpigi District , Buikwe District and Luweero District . It has a rapidly growing population that is estimated at 6,709,900 people in 2019 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics in an area of 8,451.9 km2 ( 3,263.3 sq mi ) . In 2015 , this metropolitan area generated an estimated nominal GDP of $ 13.80221 billion ( constant US dollars of 2011 ) according to Xuantong Wang et al. , which was more than half of Uganda 's GDP for that year , indicating the importance of Kampala to Uganda 's economy . Kampala is reported to be among the fastest-growing cities in Africa , with an annual population growth rate of 4.03 percent , by City Mayors . Kampala has been ranked the best city to live in East Africa ahead of Nairobi and Kigali by Mercer , a global development consulting agency based in New York City ."}]}, {'value': '774,241', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,189,142', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,507,080', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kampala', 'summary': "Kampala ( UK : /kæmˈpɑːlə/ , US : /kɑːmˈ-/ ) is the capital and largest city of Uganda . The city proper was estimated to have a population of 1,680,800 people on 31st July 2019 and is divided into the five boroughs of Kampala Central Division , Kawempe Division , Makindye Division , Nakawa Division , and Rubaga Division . Kampala 's metropolitan area consists of the city proper and the neighboring Wakiso District , Mukono District , Mpigi District , Buikwe District and Luweero District . It has a rapidly growing population that is estimated at 6,709,900 people in 2019 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics in an area of 8,451.9 km2 ( 3,263.3 sq mi ) . In 2015 , this metropolitan area generated an estimated nominal GDP of $ 13.80221 billion ( constant US dollars of 2011 ) according to Xuantong Wang et al. , which was more than half of Uganda 's GDP for that year , indicating the importance of Kampala to Uganda 's economy . Kampala is reported to be among the fastest-growing cities in Africa , with an annual population growth rate of 4.03 percent , by City Mayors . Kampala has been ranked the best city to live in East Africa ahead of Nairobi and Kigali by Mercer , a global development consulting agency based in New York City ."}]}, {'value': 'Kayunga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kayunga_District', 'summary': "Kayunga District is a district in Central Uganda . Like most other Ugandan districts , it is named after its 'chief town ' , Kayunga ."}]}, {'value': '236,177', 'urls': []}, {'value': '294,613', 'urls': []}, {'value': '368,062', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kayunga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kayunga', 'summary': 'Kayunga is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Kayunga District .'}]}, {'value': 'Kiboga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiboga_District', 'summary': 'Kiboga District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . The town of Kiboga is the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': '98,153', 'urls': []}, {'value': '108,897', 'urls': []}, {'value': '148,218', 'urls': []}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiboga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiboga', 'summary': 'Kiboga is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Kiboga District , and the district headquarters are located there .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyankwanzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyankwanzi_District', 'summary': 'Kyankwanzi District is the northernmost district in the Central Region of Uganda and Buganda Kingdom , bordering Bunyoro . The district headquarters are in Butemba Town .'}]}, {'value': '43,454', 'urls': []}, {'value': '120,575', 'urls': []}, {'value': '214,693', 'urls': []}, {'value': '95', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyankwanzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyankwanzi', 'summary': 'Kyankwanzi is a town in Central Uganda . It is one of the major political and economic centres of Kyankwanzi District and the district headquarters are located there .'}]}, {'value': 'Luweero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luweero_District', 'summary': 'Luweero District ( also spelled as Luwero ) is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . Luweero is the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': '255,390', 'urls': []}, {'value': '341,317', 'urls': []}, {'value': '456,958', 'urls': []}, {'value': '48', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luweero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luweero', 'summary': 'Luweero is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Luweero District .'}]}, {'value': 'Lwengo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lwengo_District', 'summary': 'Lwengo District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . Lwengo is the largest town in the district and the location of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': '212,554', 'urls': []}, {'value': '242,252', 'urls': []}, {'value': '274,953', 'urls': []}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lwengo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lwengo', 'summary': 'Lwengo is a town in Central Uganda . It is the chief municipal , administrative and commercial center of Lwengo District . It was known as Mbiriizi , prior to 1 July 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lyantonde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyantonde_District', 'summary': "Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda . It is named after the 'chief town ' of the district , Lyantonde , where the district headquarters are located ."}]}, {'value': '53,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '66,039', 'urls': []}, {'value': '93,753', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyantonde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyantonde', 'summary': 'Lyantonde is a town in the southern part of the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Lyantonde District .'}]}, {'value': 'Masaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaka_District', 'summary': 'Masaka District is a district in Buganda Kingdom in Uganda . Its main town is Masaka , whose estimated population in 2011 was 74,100 .'}]}, {'value': '203,566', 'urls': []}, {'value': '228,170', 'urls': []}, {'value': '297,004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaka', 'summary': 'Masaka is a city in the Buganda Region of Uganda , west of Lake Victoria . The city is the headquarters of Masaka District .'}]}, {'value': 'Mityana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mityana_District', 'summary': 'The Mityana District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . The district was created in 2005 , by taking the Mityana and Busujju counties from Mubende District . Mityana is the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': '223,527', 'urls': []}, {'value': '266,108', 'urls': []}, {'value': '328,964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mityana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mityana', 'summary': 'Mityana , is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Mityana District , and the district headquarters are located there .'}]}, {'value': 'Mpigi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mpigi_District', 'summary': "Mpigi District is a district in Central Uganda . Like most other Ugandan districts , it is named after its 'main town ' , Mpigi ."}]}, {'value': '157,368', 'urls': []}, {'value': '187,771', 'urls': []}, {'value': '250,548', 'urls': []}, {'value': '59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mpigi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mpigi', 'summary': 'Mpigi is a town in Mawokota County , Mpigi District , in Central Uganda . Mpigi is the municipal , administrative and commercial headquarters of Mpigi District . The district is named after the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Mubende', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mubende_District', 'summary': 'Mubende is a district in the Central Region of Uganda . The town of Mubende is the site of the district headquarters . The district was reduced in size in July 2005 with the creation of the Mityana District .'}]}, {'value': '277,449', 'urls': []}, {'value': '423,422', 'urls': []}, {'value': '684,337', 'urls': []}, {'value': '60', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mubende', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mubende', 'summary': 'Mubende is a town in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial center of Mubende District and is the location of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'Mukono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mukono_District', 'summary': "Mukono is one of the districts in the Central Region of Uganda . The town of Mukono home to the district 's main commercial center and district headquarters ."}]}, {'value': '319,434', 'urls': []}, {'value': '423,052', 'urls': []}, {'value': '596,804', 'urls': []}, {'value': '61', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mukono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mukono_Town', 'summary': 'Mukono Town is a municipality in Mukono District in the Central Region of Uganda . The town is administered by the Mukono Town Council . The district headquarters are located in this town . Mukono Town has links to the English town Guildford . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Nakaseke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakaseke_District', 'summary': 'Nakaseke District is a district in Central Uganda . It is named after Nakaseke , the largest town in the district . However , the district headquarters are located at Butalangu .'}]}, {'value': '93,804', 'urls': []}, {'value': '137,278', 'urls': []}, {'value': '197,369', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nakaseke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakaseke', 'summary': 'Nakaseke is a town in Nakaseke District in the Central Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal and commercial center of the district . However , the political and administrative capital in the district is Butalangu .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Districts', 'section_text': 'As of 2010 [ update ] , the Central region contains 24 districts : [ 2 ] @ media all and ( max-width:720px ) { .mw-parser-output .mobile-float-reset { float : none ! important ; width:100% ! important } } .mw-parser-output .stack-container { box-sizing : border-box } .mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left { float : left ; clear : left } .mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right { float : right ; clear : right } .mw-parser-output .stack-left { float : left } .mw-parser-output .stack-right { float : right } .mw-parser-output .stack-object { margin:1px ; overflow : hidden } Central region in red .', 'uid': 'Central_Region,_Uganda_0', 'intro': "The Central region is one of four regions in the country of Uganda. As of Uganda's 2014 census, the region's population was 9,529,227. It is coterminous with the Kingdom of Buganda, one of the ancient African monarchies that are constitutionally recognised in Uganda."}
| null | null |
What is the Population ( Census 2014 ) of the district that was created in 2005 ?
|
328,964
|
02e99b351417db87
|
hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Malaysia_Super_League', 'title': '2012 Malaysia Super League', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Felda United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felda_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'FELDA United Football Club is a professional Malaysian football club based in Jengka , Pahang which is owned by Federal Land Development Authority ( FELDA ) . The club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , Malaysia Super League , after being crowned the 2018 Malaysia Premier League Champions to be promoted into the Super League . Known as The Fighters among the fans , FELDA United has participated in the Malaysian football league since 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Hang Jebat Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Hang Jebat Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Hang Jebat ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Krubong/Paya Rumput , Malacca , Malaysia named after a Malacca Sultanate Laksamana , Hang Jebat . The stadium is the home for Melaka United and is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 40,000 people . In 2010 , the stadium hosted the Sukma Games and the Malaysia Para Games .'}]}, {'value': '35,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johor FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_FC', 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bola Sepak Johor Darul Ta'zim ) , or simply JDT , is a football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . The club was founded in 1972 ( as PKENJ FC ) and currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim . In 2014 , JDT gained their first major honour by winning the national league during the first season under Croatian manager Bojan Hodak . Under Argentine Mario Gómez 's tutelage , they won the 2015 AFC Cup as well as the Malaysian Piala Sumbangsih and 2015 Super League . By winning the AFC Cup , JDT became the second Malaysian team since 1967 to enter a final of a major continental competition , and the first ever Malaysian club to win a continental title . JDT is the first team in the country to win six consecutive league titles ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) . Before this achievement , no team had ever won the league championship more than twice in a row since the league system was first introduced in Malaysia in 1979 . Since 2012 , Johor Darul Ta'zim FC also implied a new nickname Southern Tigers ( Malay : Harimau Selatan ) , replacing the old nickname Jengking ( Scorpion ) . The new nickname is based on the Johor State Council coat of arms . The team 's home ground is a 40,000 capacity Sultan Ibrahim Larkin Stadium . Since 2013 , the club has developed a fierce rivalry with Pahang FA and Felda United ."}]}, {'value': 'Pasir Gudang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pasir_Gudang', 'summary': 'Pasir Gudang is an industrial town located in Mukim Plentong , Johor Bahru District , Johor , Malaysia . The main industries are transportation and logistics , shipbuilding , petrochemicals and other heavy industries , and oil palm storage and distribution , which is located in Johor Port and Tanjung Langsat .'}]}, {'value': 'Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_Corporation_Stadium', 'summary': "The Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Perbadanan Pasir Gudang ) is a multi-use stadium in Pasir Gudang , Johor Bahru District , Johor , Malaysia . It has both an indoor stadium and an outdoor stadium within its compound . The outdoor stadium can hold a maximum of 15,000 people and is currently used mostly for football matches , serving as the home stadium to Johor Darul Ta'zim II F.C . in the Malaysia Premier League ."}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kedah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedah_FA', 'summary': 'Kedah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bola Sepak Kedah ) is a football association that supervises football in the state of Kedah , Malaysia . They are the only team in the history of Malaysian football to have achieved treble titles twice , in 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons . Kedah FA is a professional football team from Malaysia that is based in Alor Setar . It represents the state of Kedah , under the supervision of Kedah Football Association . Kedah FA currently plays in the Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Alor Setar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alor_Setar', 'summary': "Alor Setar ( Jawi : الور ستار ) , known as Alor Star from 2004 to 2008 , is the state capital of Kedah , Malaysia . It is the second-largest city in the state after Sungai Petani and one of the most-important cities on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It sits along the country 's longest expressway , located 400 km ( 250 mi ) from Kuala Lumpur and 79 km ( 49 mi ) north of George Town , Penang . The city is home to the Central State Administration Centre and is the administrative centre of Kota Setar District . Its location along the main travel route from Malaysia to Thailand has long made it a major transportation hub in the northern Malay Peninsula . At present , the city covers a land area of 666 km2 ( 257 sq mi ) , which is occupied by more than 300,000 inhabitants ( as per the 2010 census ) . At the local-government level , Alor Setar is administered by the Alor Setar City Council . Golden Triangle Alor Setar encompasses heritage trails , interesting places etc . It also become a place of high value property . Alor Setar is the birthplace of two Malaysian prime ministers , YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad ."}]}, {'value': 'Darul Aman Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul_Aman_Stadium', 'summary': "The Darul Aman Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Darul Aman ) is an all-seater and a multi-purpose stadium in Alor Setar , Kedah , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium was opened officially by the Sultan of Kedah in 1962 during Malaya winning 1-0 against South Korea . It has a capacity of 32,387 seats after the expansion in 1997 . It was one of the venues for the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship . It is the official stadium for Malaysian Super League 's club Kedah FA ."}]}, {'value': '32,387', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'Kota Bharu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kota_Bharu', 'summary': "Kota Bharu ( Jawi : كوت بهارو ; Chinese : 哥打峇鲁 ; Tamil : கோத்தா பாரு ; occasionally referred to as Kota Baharu ) is a city in Malaysia that serves as the state capital and royal seat of Kelantan . It is also the name of the territory ( jajahan ) or district in which Kota Bharu City is situated . The name means 'new city ' or 'new castle/fort ' in Malay . Kota Bharu is situated in the northeastern part of Peninsular Malaysia , and lies near the mouth of the Kelantan River at 6°8′N 102°15′E / 6.133°N 102.250°E / 6.133 ; 102.250 . The northeastern Malaysian city is close to the Thailand border . Kota Bharu is home to many mosques , various museums , the unique architecture of the old royal palaces ( still occupied by the sultan and sultanah and off-limits to visitors but viewable from outside ) and former royal buildings ( which can be visited ) in the centre of town . The City is served by Keretapi Tanah Melayu 's East Coast Line at the nearby Wakaf Bharu Terminal Station , in the town of Wakaf Bharu across the Kelantan River and Sultan Ismail Petra Airport , located in Pengkalan Chepa ."}]}, {'value': 'Sultan Mohammad IV Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultan_Mohammad_IV_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Sultan Muhammed IV Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Sultan Muhammed IV ) is a stadium in the state of Kelantan . It is located on Jalan Mahmood , Kota Bharu , Kelantan , Malaysia , and the home of Kelantan FA , a Malaysia football team . The stadium can accommodate up to 22,000 spectators . At this time , this stadium is the largest in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia with seating capacity of 22,000 and a pitch area to meet the standards set by the National Sports Council of Malaysia is measuring 119 meters long and 100 meters wide . The stadium is always full of supporters of Kelantan FA . Therefore , it was called the Red Warriors Stadium by the fanatical supporters of Kelantan FA .'}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Hang Jebat Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Hang Jebat Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Hang Jebat ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Krubong/Paya Rumput , Malacca , Malaysia named after a Malacca Sultanate Laksamana , Hang Jebat . The stadium is the home for Melaka United and is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 40,000 people . In 2010 , the stadium hosted the Sukma Games and the Malaysia Para Games .'}]}, {'value': '35,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Paroi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paroi', 'summary': 'Paroi is an area in Seremban District , Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . There are many housing estates and villages . There are many sport facilities built in Paroi especially the state stadium which is Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Opposite of the stadium , there is a community aquatic centre .'}]}, {'value': 'Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuanku_Abdul_Rahman_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium ( STAR ; Malay : Stadium Tuanku Abdul Rahman ) also known as the STAR of Paroi is a multi-purpose stadium in Paroi , Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 20,000 people and was opened in 1992 . In 2004 , the capacity of stadium had been upgraded to 45,000 people for the hosting of the 2004 Sukma Games . It is currently home of Negeri Sembilan Football association .'}]}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu', 'summary': "Kuala Terengganu , often abbreviated as K.T. , is a city , the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the capital of Kuala Terengganu District . It is also the only royal capital among the nine royal states of the country that bore its state 's name . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the Kuala Nerus District that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Waterfront Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port ."}]}, {'value': 'Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Nasiruddin_Shah_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ) is a multipurpose stadium in Kuala Terengganu , Terengganu , Malaysia . The stadium is named after the fourth Sultan of Terengganu . The stadium holds 15,000 people . It is used mainly for football matches and serves as the home ground of Terengganu FC II , a feeder team of Terengganu FC .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'Ipoh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ipoh', 'summary': "Ipoh ( /ˈiːpoʊ/ ) is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Perak . Located by the Kinta River , it is nearly 180 km ( 110 mi ) north of Kuala Lumpur and 123 km ( 76 mi ) southeast of George Town in neighbouring Penang . As of 2010 [ update ] , Ipoh contained a population of 657,892 , making it the third largest city in Malaysia by population . Originally a village , Ipoh began to grow rapidly in the 1880s after huge deposits of tin were discovered within its vicinity . By 1895 , it was the second largest town within the Federated Malay States , which also consisted of Selangor , Negeri Sembilan and Pahang . Ipoh was declared a city in 1988 . However , following the depletion of its tin deposits and the collapse of tin prices in the 1970s , the city suffered decades of decline and neglect . In recent years , Ipoh 's popularity as a tourist destination has been significantly boosted by efforts to conserve its British colonial-era architecture . The city is also well known for its cuisine and natural attractions , such as its limestone hills and caves within which Buddhist temples were built . In addition , Ipoh has managed to maintain its reputation as one of the cleanest cities in Malaysia . Ipoh 's location between Kuala Lumpur and George Town has made it a major land transportation hub within West Malaysia , with both the Malayan Railway 's West Coast Line and the North-South Expressway cutting through the city . Aside from the land transportation links , Ipoh is also served by the Sultan Azlan Shah Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Perak Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_Stadium', 'summary': 'Perak Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Perak ) is a stadium located in Kampung Simee in Ipoh , Kinta District , Perak , Malaysia . It is part of a large complex called the DBI Sports Complex , which houses a majority of sporting facilities used by players representing the state of Perak such as the Velodrome Rakyat ( cycling ) , Indera Mulia Stadium ( indoor stadium ) and the Sultan Azlan Shah Stadium ( hockey ) .'}]}, {'value': '42,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PKNS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PKNS_F.C.', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor II ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor II ) , also named Selangor II , is the reserve team of Selangor , and based in Shah Alam , in the state of Selangor . Founded in 1967 as part of the sports and recreation club for the Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ( Malay : Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ) ( KSR PKNS ) . The club was combined with Football Association of Selangor at end of 2019 as one club and was rebranded as a football club to be known as Selangor II . The team formerly known PKNS FC was then converted into a reserve team as part of the feeder club regulations and will begin the 2020 season as a reserve team of Selangor FA and will play in Premier League , holding home games at Selayang Stadium , with a 16,000-seat capacity . Unlike in England , reserve teams in Malaysia play in the same football pyramid as their first team rather than a separate league . However , reserve teams can not play in the same division as their first team . Therefore , the team is ineligible for promotion to Malaysia Super League , the division in which their parent side competes . Reserve teams are also no longer permitted to enter the cup competitions . The team is officially known as Selangor II on the club 's official promotion and website , but Malaysian Football League , the governing body of Malaysia football League football system rules prohibit reserve teams from having different names than their parent team ."}]}, {'value': 'Petaling Jaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petaling_Jaya', 'summary': 'Petaling Jaya ( commonly called PJ by locals ) is a major Malaysian city originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur . It is located in the Petaling District of Selangor with an area of approximately 97.2 square kilometres ( 37.5 sq mi ) . Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20 June 2006 . Petaling Jaya is surrounded by the Malaysian capital , Kuala Lumpur to the east , Sungai Buloh to the north , Shah Alam , the capital of Selangor and Subang Jaya to the west and Bandar Kinrara ( Puchong ) to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Petaling Jaya Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petaling_Jaya_Stadium', 'summary': "The Petaling Jaya Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the suburb of Kelana Jaya in Petaling Jaya , Selangor , Malaysia . The stadium was opened in 1996 and has a capacity of 25,000 . It was built in time for the 1998 Commonwealth Games , and hosted the Games ' rugby union matches . Currently , the stadium mostly being used for football matches . Current tenant for the stadium are Petaling Jaya Rangers and MISC-MIFA ."}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabah_FA', 'summary': "Sabah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sabah ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sabah . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sabah in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's top division professional football league , the Malaysia Super League . The team 's home matches are played at the 35,000 capacity Likas Stadium in Kota Kinabalu , the capital city of Sabah . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup in 1995 , the Malaysian Premier League ( top tier ) in 1996 , and the Malaysia Premier League ( second tier ) in 2019 . In 1995 , the team also advanced to the second round of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating An Giang of V-League by 3-1 on aggregate , only to crashing out later to Bellmare Hiratsuka ( current Shonan Bellmare ) of J-League by 1-7 on aggregate ."}]}, {'value': 'Kota Kinabalu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu', 'summary': 'Kota Kinabalu ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkota kinaˈbalu ] ) is the state capital of Sabah , Malaysia . It is also the capital of the Kota Kinabalu District as well as the West Coast Division of Sabah . The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea . The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies to its west and Mount Kinabalu , which gave the city its name , is located to its east . Kota Kinabalu has a population of 452,058 according to the 2010 census ; when the adjacent Penampang and Putatan districts are included , the metro area has a combined population of 628,725 . In the 15th century , the area of Kota Kinabalu was under the influence of Bruneian Empire . In the 19th century , the British North Borneo Company ( BNBC ) first set up a settlement near the Gaya Island . However , it was destroyed by fire in 1897 by a local leader named Mat Salleh . In July 1899 , the place located opposite to the Gaya Island was identified as a suitable place for settlements . Development in the area was started soon after that ; and the place was named Api-api before it was renamed after the vice-chairman of BNBC as Jesselton . Jesselton became a major trading port in the area , and was connected to the North Borneo Railway . Jesselton was largely destroyed during World War II .'}]}, {'value': 'Likas Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Likas_Stadium', 'summary': 'Likas Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Likas ) is a stadium in Likas , Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia . It is mainly used for association football and athletics and it is located within Likas Sports Complex . Likas Stadium has a capacity of 35,000 , making it the 8th largest football stadium in Malaysia in terms of seating capacity . Likas stadium is also located not far from the Kota Kinabalu city which is about 10 minutes drive or 40 minutes walk . The stadium itself is a walking distant to the nearest sport complex centre , 2km open space jogging trek which has a beautiful lake view , wall climbing facilities , skate boarding and roller blading court , tennis court and sport hostel . This stadium was originally an all-standing venue with a small grandstand that seated 200 people . A major renovation of the stadium was finished in 2001 for the hosting of the Sukma Games in 2002 . It is the home stadium for Sabah FA . It is also the start and end point of the Borneo International Marathon held annually in Kota Kinabalu . IRB Borneo Sevens Rugby is also a regularly held event here . Some big event such as music concert are also held in this stadium .'}]}, {'value': '35,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarawak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Sarawak ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sarawak ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sarawak . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sarawak in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's second division professional football league , the Malaysia Premier League . The team 's home matches are played at the 26,000 capacity Sarawak State Stadium in Kuching , the capital city of Sarawak . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup ( 1992 ) , Premier League in 1997 and the Malaysia Charity Shield ( 1998 ) . In 1999 , the team advanced to the quarter-finals of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating Ho Chi Minh Customs of V-League by 5-2 on aggregate in the first round and Yangon City Development of Myanmar Premier League by 4-0 on aggregate in the second round , only to crashing out later to Kashima Antlers of J-League by 2-14 on aggregate . In 2013 , the team won the Malaysia Premier League which is their first domestic trophy in 12 years ."}]}, {'value': 'Kuching', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuching', 'summary': 'Kuching ( /ˈkuːtʃɪŋ/ ) , officially the City of Kuching , is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia . It is also the capital of Kuching Division . The city is situated on the Sarawak River at the southwest tip of the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo and covers an area of 431 square kilometres ( 166 sq mi ) with a population about 165,642 in the Kuching North administrative region and 159,490 in the Kuching South administrative region - a total of 325,132 people . Kuching was the third capital of Sarawak in 1827 during the administration of the Bruneian Empire . In 1841 , Kuching became the capital of the Kingdom of Sarawak after the territory in the area was ceded to James Brooke for helping the Bruneian empire in crushing a rebellion particularly by the interior Borneo dweller Land Dayak people who later became his loyal followers after most of them being pardoned by him and joining his side . The town continued to receive attention and development during the rule of Charles Brooke such as the construction of a sanitation system , hospital , prison , fort , and a bazaar . In 1941 , the Brooke administration had a Centenary Celebration in Kuching . During World War II , Kuching was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945 . The Japanese government set up a Batu Lintang camp near Kuching to hold prisoners of war and civilian internees . After the war , the town survived intact . However , the last Rajah of Sarawak , Sir Charles Vyner Brooke decided to cede Sarawak as part of British Crown Colony in 1946 . Kuching remained as capital during the Crown Colony period .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarawak State Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak_State_Stadium', 'summary': 'State of Sarawak Stadium ( Stadium Negeri in Malay ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuching , Sarawak , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 26,000 people and opened in 1989 . The stadium hosted Sukma Games in 1990 , which Sarawak won . State Stadium is located in an area of 5 hectares in Petra Jaya . Officially opened on 27 August 1983 . 3 stages of construction experience . The second stage of construction was completed on 15 June 1989 while the third level with the addition of a block to be completed by 24 June 1991 . The total cost of this State Stadium is RM22.6 million . The stadium can accommodate 26,000 spectators at a time . Apart from sport and football , the stadium can also be a venue for organizing the rally events , concerts , performances , meetings , courses , workshops and so on . The stadium has been used to host Sarawak FA home matches .'}]}, {'value': '26,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'Shah Alam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shah_Alam', 'summary': "Shah Alam /ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/ is a city and the state capital of Selangor , Malaysia and situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District . Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur 's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974 . Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957 ."}]}, {'value': 'Shah Alam Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shah_Alam_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Shah Alam Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Shah Alam ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia . It is used mostly for football matches but also has facilities for athletics . The stadium is the home of Selangor FA , and has a capacity of 80,372 .'}]}, {'value': '80,372', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LionsXII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LionsXII', 'summary': "LionsXII ( Lions Twelve ) , also known as Singapore LIONSXII , was a Singaporean football club founded in 2011 that played in the Malaysian Liga Super , the top tier of Malaysian football between the 1934 season until their dissolution following the 2015 season . Their home ground was the 8,000-seat Jalan Besar Stadium , where they have played all their home matches since their establishment . Managed by the Football Association of Singapore , the squad marked the return of Singapore to the Malaysian football scene since Singapore FA ( nicknamed Lions ) dissolved following the Malaysia Cup in 1932 . The name is a combination of Lions and XII , which is a special tribute to the fans , who are generally recognised as football 's 12th Man . Its motto was For Country , For Fans . For Passion , For Football . For Makan , For Tulang Merah . For The Future , Forsake The Past . LionsXII 's home kit was in royal red , using the colours of the national flag . Their away kit was in blue , designed to evoke memories of the jersey used in the 1980s and earlier . The club emblem , designed to resemble a lion 's paw , showed a fierce and aggressive-looking fish between the white feathery lines . LionsXII 's first silverware was the 2013 Liga Super trophy , in only their second season in the competition ; they had finished second in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jalan Besar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jalan_Besar', 'summary': 'Jalan Besar ( Chinese : 惹兰勿刹 ; literally Large Road in Malay , but taken to mean Main Road ) is a one-way road in Singapore , connecting Lavender Street in Kallang and Rochor Canal Road in Rochor .'}]}, {'value': 'Jalan Besar Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jalan_Besar_Stadium', 'summary': "Jalan Besar Stadium is a 6,000-capacity football stadium located in Kallang , Singapore . The stadium is part of the Jalan Besar Sports and Recreation Centre , a community sports facility that includes the stadium and a swimming complex . It is the home ground of the Young Lions and Hougang United FC . The stadium was used for the Singapore national football team 's matches while the National Stadium was under construction . The national team may sometimes still play here as an alternative home ground to the National Stadium . Jalan Besar Stadium is located along Tyrwhitt Road , within the close proximity of the major road Jalan Besar , hence its name ."}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu', 'summary': "Kuala Terengganu , often abbreviated as K.T. , is a city , the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the capital of Kuala Terengganu District . It is also the only royal capital among the nine royal states of the country that bore its state 's name . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the Kuala Nerus District that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Waterfront Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port ."}]}, {'value': 'Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Nasiruddin_Shah_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ) is a multipurpose stadium in Kuala Terengganu , Terengganu , Malaysia . The stadium is named after the fourth Sultan of Terengganu . The stadium holds 15,000 people . It is used mainly for football matches and serves as the home ground of Terengganu FC II , a feeder team of Terengganu FC .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Team summaries -- Stadium', 'section_text': 'LionsXIIJohor FCKedahKelantanKuala LumpurFelda UnitedNegeri SembilanSarawakPerakSabahPKNSSelangorTerengganuT-Team Locations of teams in the 2012 Liga Super', 'uid': '2012_Malaysia_Super_League_0', 'intro': 'The 2012 Liga Super (English: 2012 Super League) also known as the Astro Liga Super for sponsorship reasons is the ninth season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia. The season was held from 10 January and concluded in 14 July 2012. The Liga Super champions for 2012 was Kelantan.'}
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What complex is the building in Ipoh part of ?
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DBI Sports Complex
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02ea5e35e1a70014
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway', 'title': 'Norway', 'header': ['Number', 'County ( fylke )', 'Administrative centre', 'Most populous municipality', 'Geographical region'], 'data': [{'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'City of Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Norway', 'summary': "Eastern Norway ( Bokmål : Østlandet , Nynorsk : Austlandet ) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway . It consists of the counties Vestfold og Telemark , Viken , Oslo and Innlandet . Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway . It contains the country 's capital , Oslo , which is Norway 's most populous city . In Norwegian , the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet ( The east land ) in contrast to Vestlandet ( The west land ) ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rogaland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rogaland', 'summary': "Rogaland is the region 's Old Norse name , which was revived in modern times . During Denmark 's rule of Norway until the year 1814 , the county was named Stavanger amt , after the large city of Stavanger . The first element is the plural genitive case of rygir which is probably referring to the name of an old Germanic tribe ( see Rugians ) . The last element is land which means land or region . In Old Norse times , the region was called Rygjafylki ."}]}, {'value': 'Stavanger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stavanger', 'summary': "Stavanger ( /stəˈvæŋər/ , also UK : /stæˈ-/ , US usually /stɑːˈvɑːŋər , stəˈ-/ , Norwegian : [ stɑˈvɑ̀ŋər ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality in Norway . It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway ( through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes ) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county . The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway . Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway , Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125 , the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed . Stavanger 's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city 's cultural heritage . This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses , and has contributed significantly to spreading the city 's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger . The city 's rapid population growth in the late 20th century was primarily a result of Norway 's booming offshore oil industry . Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway . [ failed verification ] Norwegian energy company Equinor , the largest company in the Nordic region , is headquartered in Stavanger . Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger . The largest of these is the University of Stavanger . Domestic and international military installations are located in Stavanger , including the NATO Joint Warfare Centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Stavanger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stavanger', 'summary': "Stavanger ( /stəˈvæŋər/ , also UK : /stæˈ-/ , US usually /stɑːˈvɑːŋər , stəˈ-/ , Norwegian : [ stɑˈvɑ̀ŋər ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality in Norway . It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway ( through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes ) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county . The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway . Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway , Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125 , the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed . Stavanger 's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city 's cultural heritage . This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses , and has contributed significantly to spreading the city 's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger . The city 's rapid population growth in the late 20th century was primarily a result of Norway 's booming offshore oil industry . Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway . [ failed verification ] Norwegian energy company Equinor , the largest company in the Nordic region , is headquartered in Stavanger . Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger . The largest of these is the University of Stavanger . Domestic and international military installations are located in Stavanger , including the NATO Joint Warfare Centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Norway', 'summary': 'Western Norway ( Norwegian : Vestlandet , Vest-Norge , Vest-Noreg ) is the region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway . It consists of the counties Rogaland , Vestland and Møre og Romsdal . The region has a population of approximately 1.3 million people . The largest city is Bergen and the second-largest is Stavanger . Historically the regions of Agder , Vest-Telemark , Hallingdal , Valdres and northern parts of Gudbrandsdal have been included in Western Norway . Western Norway , as well as other parts of historical regions of Norway , shares a common history with Denmark , the Faroe Islands and Iceland and to a lesser extent the Netherlands and Britain . For example , the Icelandic horse is a close relative of the Fjord horse and both the Faroese and Icelandic languages are based on the Old West Norse . In early Norse times , people from Western Norway became settlers at the Western Isles in the Northern Atlantic , so that Orkney , Shetland , the Faroe Islands and Iceland . During the Viking age settlements were made at the Hebrides , Man and Ireland proper . In early modern time , Western Norway has had much emigration to the United States , Canada , and to a lesser extent to the United Kingdom . This applies particularly to the US states of Minnesota , North and South Dakota , Wisconsin , Montana , and the Canadian province of Manitoba . The Icelandic and Faroese people , and many people in the British Isles , are descendants of Norsemen and Vikings who emigrated from Western Norway during the Viking Age .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Møre og Romsdal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Møre_og_Romsdal', 'summary': 'The name Møre og Romsdal was created in 1936 . The first element refers to the districts of Nordmøre and Sunnmøre , and the last element refers to Romsdal . Until 1919 , the county was called Romsdalens amt , and from 1919-1935 Møre fylke . For hundreds of years ( 1660-1919 ) , the region was called Romsdalen amt , after the Romsdalen valley in the present-day Rauma Municipality . The Old Norse form of the name was Raumsdalr . The first element is the genitive case of a name Raumr derived from the name of the river Rauma , i.e . The Dale of Rauma . Raumr may refer to stream or current , or to booming or thundering waterfalls like Sletta waterfall . The name may also refer to Raum the Old , one of the sons of Nór , the eponymous Saga King of Norway . [ citation needed ] [ disputed - discuss ] Since the majority of the residents of the county lived in the Sunnmøre region , there was some controversy over the name . In 1919 , many of the old county names were changed and this county was renamed Møre fylke . The name Møre was chosen to represent the region where the majority of the county residents lived .'}]}, {'value': 'Molde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Molde', 'summary': 'Molde ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈmɔ̂ldə ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county , Norway . It is located in the traditional district of Romsdal . The municipality is located on the Romsdal Peninsula , surrounding the Fannefjord and Moldefjord . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Molde which is also the administrative centre of Møre og Romsdal county , the commercial hub of the Romsdal region , and the seat of the Diocese of Møre . Other main population centres in the municipality include the villages of Hjelset , Kleive , Nesjestranda , Midsund , Nord-Heggdal , Eidsvåg , Rausand , Boggestranda , Myklebostad , Eresfjord , and Eikesdalen . Molde has a maritime , temperate climate , with cool-to-warm summers , and relatively mild winters . The city is nicknamed The Town of Roses . It is an old settlement which emerged as a trading post in the late Middle Ages . Formal trading rights were introduced in 1614 , and the town was incorporated through a royal charter in 1742 . Molde was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt ) The town continued to grow throughout the 18th and 19th centuries , becoming a centre for Norwegian textile and garment industry , as well as the administrative centre for the region , and a major tourist destination . After World War II , Molde experienced accelerated growth , merging with Bolsøy Municipality and parts of Veøy Municipality on 1 January 1964 , and has become a centre for not only administrative and public services , but also academic resources and industrial output . The 363-square-kilometre ( 140 sq mi ) municipality is the 254th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway .'}]}, {'value': 'Ålesund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ålesund', 'summary': "Ålesund ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈôːləsʉn ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal County , Norway . It is part of the traditional district of Sunnmøre and the centre of the Ålesund Region . The town of Ålesund is the administrative centre of Ålesund Municipality , as well as the principle shipping town of the Sunnmøre district . The town is a sea port and is noted for its concentration of Art Nouveau architecture . Although sometimes internationally spelled by its older name Aalesund , this spelling is obsolete in Norwegian . However , the local football club Aalesunds FK still carries that spelling , having been founded before the official change . The 99-square-kilometre ( 38 sq mi ) municipality is the 382nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Ålesund is the 17th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 47,199 . The municipality 's population density is 506.6 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 1,312/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 14% over the last decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Norway', 'summary': 'Western Norway ( Norwegian : Vestlandet , Vest-Norge , Vest-Noreg ) is the region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway . It consists of the counties Rogaland , Vestland and Møre og Romsdal . The region has a population of approximately 1.3 million people . The largest city is Bergen and the second-largest is Stavanger . Historically the regions of Agder , Vest-Telemark , Hallingdal , Valdres and northern parts of Gudbrandsdal have been included in Western Norway . Western Norway , as well as other parts of historical regions of Norway , shares a common history with Denmark , the Faroe Islands and Iceland and to a lesser extent the Netherlands and Britain . For example , the Icelandic horse is a close relative of the Fjord horse and both the Faroese and Icelandic languages are based on the Old West Norse . In early Norse times , people from Western Norway became settlers at the Western Isles in the Northern Atlantic , so that Orkney , Shetland , the Faroe Islands and Iceland . During the Viking age settlements were made at the Hebrides , Man and Ireland proper . In early modern time , Western Norway has had much emigration to the United States , Canada , and to a lesser extent to the United Kingdom . This applies particularly to the US states of Minnesota , North and South Dakota , Wisconsin , Montana , and the Canadian province of Manitoba . The Icelandic and Faroese people , and many people in the British Isles , are descendants of Norsemen and Vikings who emigrated from Western Norway during the Viking Age .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nordland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordland', 'summary': 'The county is divided into traditional districts . These are Helgeland in the south ( south of the Arctic Circle ) , Salten in the centre , and Ofoten in the northeast . In the northwest lie the archipelagoes of Lofoten and Vesterålen .'}]}, {'value': 'Bodø', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bodø', 'summary': "Bodø ( pronounced [ ˈbûːdøː ] ( listen ) ; Lule Sami : Bådåddjo , Swedish : Bodö ) is a municipality in Nordland county , Norway . It is part of the traditional region of Salten . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø ( which is also the capital of Nordland county ) . Some of the notable villages in Bodø include Misvær , Skjerstad , Saltstraumen , Løding , Løpsmarka , Kjerringøy , Sørvær , and Fenes . The municipality of Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle and the town of Bodø is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county , and the second-largest town in North Norway . The 1,395-square-kilometre ( 539 sq mi ) municipality is the 62nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Bodø is the 16th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 51,588 . The municipality 's population density is 39.3 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 102/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 12% over the last decade . Bodø was named one of the European Capital of Culture for 2024 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bodø', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bodø', 'summary': "Bodø ( pronounced [ ˈbûːdøː ] ( listen ) ; Lule Sami : Bådåddjo , Swedish : Bodö ) is a municipality in Nordland county , Norway . It is part of the traditional region of Salten . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø ( which is also the capital of Nordland county ) . Some of the notable villages in Bodø include Misvær , Skjerstad , Saltstraumen , Løding , Løpsmarka , Kjerringøy , Sørvær , and Fenes . The municipality of Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle and the town of Bodø is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county , and the second-largest town in North Norway . The 1,395-square-kilometre ( 539 sq mi ) municipality is the 62nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Bodø is the 16th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 51,588 . The municipality 's population density is 39.3 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 102/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 12% over the last decade . Bodø was named one of the European Capital of Culture for 2024 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Norway', 'summary': 'Northern Norway ( Bokmål : Nord-Norge , Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈnûːrˌnɔrɡə ] , Nynorsk : Nord-Noreg ; Northern Sami : Davvi-Norga ) is a geographical region of Norway , consisting of the two northernmost counties Nordland and Troms og Finnmark , in total about 35% of the Norwegian mainland . Some of the largest towns in Northern Norway ( from south to north ) are Mo i Rana , Bodø , Narvik , Harstad , Tromsø and Alta . Northern Norway is often described as the land of the midnight sun and the land of the northern lights . Further north , halfway to the North Pole , is the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard , traditionally not regarded as part of Northern Norway . The region is multi-cultural , housing not just Norwegians but also the indigenous Sami people , Norwegian Finns ( known as Kvens , distinct from the Forest Finns of Southern Norway ) and Russian populations ( mostly in Kirkenes ) . The Norwegian language dominates in most of the area ; Sami speakers are mainly found inland and in some of the fjord areas of Nordland , Troms and particularly Finnmark - though ethnic Sámi who do not speak the language are found more or less everywhere in the region . Finnish is spoken in only a few communities in the east of Finnmark .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viken_(county)', 'summary': "Viken is a county in Eastern Norway that was established on 1 January 2020 by the forced merger of Akershus , Buskerud and Østfold with the addition of three other municipalities . It takes its name from Viken , Scandinavia , the historical region in western Sweden that before the middle ages also included areas in today 's southeastern Norway , but has entirely different borders and does not include key parts of the historical region . Both its creation and its name are subjects of strong controversy and Viken is opposed by the counties concerned ; the elected regional assembly and county executive of Viken County have declared the disestablishment of Viken in 2021 as the main political goal of Viken County , while refusing to do anything to merge the counties in practice . The governing platform of Viken County describes Viken as an ill-considered construct . In practice the existing counties will continue to function with separate county administrations based on their existing infrastructure , in anticipation of their formal reestablishment . [ citation needed ] The county seat is Oslo , which has been the seat of Akershus county since the middle ages . All of Viken is located within the historical Akershus , which historically included most of Eastern Norway ."}]}, {'value': 'Oslo , Drammen , Sarpsborg and Moss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Drammen', 'summary': 'Drammen is a city in Viken , Norway . The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the eastern and most populated part of Norway .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarpsborg', 'summary': "Sarpsborg [ ˈsɑ̀ʂ.bɔr ] or [ ˈsɑ̀rps.bɔrg ] , historically Borg , is a city and municipality in Viken county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg . Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad . As of 1 January 2018 , according to Statistics Norway these two municipalities have a total population of 136,127 with 55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad . Borregaard Industries is , and always has been , the most important industry in the city . The city is also the home of Borg Bryggerier , part of the Hansa Borg Bryggerier , which is Norway 's second largest brewery-group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Moss', 'summary': 'Mosses are small flowerless plants that typically form dense green clumps or mats , often in damp or shady locations . The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick , attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients . Although some species have conducting tissues , these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants . Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores . They are typically 0.2-10 cm ( 0.1-3.9 in ) tall , though some species are much larger . Dawsonia , the tallest moss in the world , can grow to 50 cm ( 20 in ) in height . Mosses are commonly confused with lichens , hornworts , and liverworts . Lichens may superficially resemble mosses , and sometimes have common names that include the word moss ( e.g. , reindeer moss or Iceland moss ) , but they are not related to mosses . :3 Mosses were formerly grouped with the hornworts and liverworts as non-vascular plants in the division bryophytes , all of them having the haploid gametophyte generation as the dominant phase of the life cycle . This contrasts with the pattern in all vascular plants ( seed plants and pteridophytes ) , where the diploid sporophyte generation is dominant . Mosses are now classified on their own as the division Bryophyta . There are approximately 12,000 species .'}]}, {'value': 'Bærum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bærum', 'summary': "Bærum ( [ ˈbæ̂ːrʉm ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in Viken County , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika . Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 . A suburb of Oslo , Bærum is located on the west coast of the city . Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals . Bærum , particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo , is one of Norway 's priciest and most fashionable residential areas , leading Bærum residents to be frequently stereotyped as snobs in Norwegian popular culture . The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Norway', 'summary': "Eastern Norway ( Bokmål : Østlandet , Nynorsk : Austlandet ) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway . It consists of the counties Vestfold og Telemark , Viken , Oslo and Innlandet . Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway . It contains the country 's capital , Oslo , which is Norway 's most populous city . In Norwegian , the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet ( The east land ) in contrast to Vestlandet ( The west land ) ."}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Innlandet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Innlandet', 'summary': 'Innlandet is a county in Norway . It was created on 1 January 2020 with the merger of the old counties of Oppland and Hedmark ( the municipalities of Jevnaker and Lunner were transferred to the neighboring county of Viken on the same date ) . The new county has an area of 52,113 square kilometres ( 20,121 sq mi ) , making it the second largest county in Norway after Troms og Finnmark county .'}]}, {'value': 'Hamar and Lillehammer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamar', 'summary': "Hamar [ ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr ] ( listen ) is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county , Norway . It is part of the traditional region of Hedmarken . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Hamar . The municipality of Hamar was separated from Vang as a town and municipality of its own in 1849 . Vang was merged back into Hamar on 1 January 1992 . The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa , Norway 's largest lake , and is the principal city of Hedmark county . It is bordered to the northwest by the municipality of Ringsaker , to the north by Åmot , to the east by Løten , and to the south by Stange ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lillehammer', 'summary': "Lillehammer ( Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈlɪ̂lːəhɑmər ] ) is a town and municipality in Innlandet county , Norway . It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer . As of 2018 , the population of the town of Lillehammer was 28,034 . The city centre is a late nineteenth-century concentration of wooden houses , which enjoys a picturesque location overlooking the northern part of lake Mjøsa and the river Lågen , surrounded by mountains . Lillehammer hosted the 1994 Winter Olympics and 2016 Winter Youth Olympics . Before Oslo 's withdrawal from consideration , it was included as part of a bid to host events in the 2022 Winter Olympics if Oslo were to win the rights to hold the Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Ringsaker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ringsaker', 'summary': 'The municipality ( originally the parish ) is named after the old Ringsaker farm ( Old Norse : Ringisakr ) , since the first church was built there . The first element is the genitive case of ringir or ringi , of unknown meaning . One proposal is that Ringir or Hringir ( Lord of the Ring ) may have been an epithet or alias for the Norse god Ullr , based on a ceremony mentioned in the poem Atlakviða where an oath is sworn by hringi Ullar ( the ring of Ullr ) . The last element is akr , meaning acre or any field generally .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Norway', 'summary': "Eastern Norway ( Bokmål : Østlandet , Nynorsk : Austlandet ) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway . It consists of the counties Vestfold og Telemark , Viken , Oslo and Innlandet . Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway . It contains the country 's capital , Oslo , which is Norway 's most populous city . In Norwegian , the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet ( The east land ) in contrast to Vestlandet ( The west land ) ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vestfold og Telemark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vestfold_og_Telemark', 'summary': "Vestfold og Telemark ( lit . Vestfold and Telemark ) , is a Norwegian county that consists of two distinct and separate traditional regions , the former counties of Telemark and most of Vestfold . The county capital is Skien , which is also the county 's largest city . While Skien is the capital of the county municipality , the seat of the County Governor is Tønsberg . It borders the counties of Viken , Vestland , Rogaland and Agder . Telemark voted against the merger , on the basis that the regions have nothing in common and do not constitute a natural geographical , cultural , social or political entity ; regardless the Storting voted on 7 January 2018 to merge the counties by force , and the merger took effect on 1 January 2020 . Unlike Telemark or Vestfold , it does not form a traditional or cultural region , but is a purely administrative entity ."}]}, {'value': 'Skien and Tønsberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skien', 'summary': "Skien [ ˈʃêːən ] ( listen ) is a city and municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county in Norway . In modern times it is regarded as part of the traditional region of Grenland , although historically it belonged to Grenmar/Skiensfjorden , while Grenland referred the Norsjø area and Bø . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Skien . Skien is also the capital of Vestfold og Telemark county . Skien is one of Norway 's oldest cities , with an urban history dating back to the Middle Ages , and received privileges as a market town in 1358 . From the 15th century , the city was governed by a 12-member council . The modern municipality of Skien was established on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt ) . The rural municipalities of Gjerpen and Solum were merged into the municipality of Skien on 1 January 1964 . The conurbation of Porsgrunn/Skien is reckoned by Statistics Norway to be the seventh largest urban area in Norway , straddling an area of three municipalities : Skien municipality ( about 62% of the population ) , Porsgrunn ( 30% ) , and Bamble ( 8% ) . This area is home to more than 100,000 people . Skien was historically Norway 's most important port town for shipping timber and one of Norway 's leading commercial cities with extensive contact with neighbouring countries , particularly Denmark . [ citation needed ] The city was the birthplace of playwright Henrik Ibsen , and many of his famous dramas are set in places reminiscent of 19th-century Skien ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tønsberg', 'summary': "Tønsberg [ ˈtœ̂nsbær ( ɡ ) ] ( listen ) , historically Tunsberg , is a city and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county , southern Norway , located around 102 kilometres ( 63 miles ) south-southwest of Oslo on the western coast of the Oslofjord near its mouth onto the Skagerrak . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tønsberg . The municipality has a population of 41,239 and covers an area of 107 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Tønsberg is generally regarded as the oldest city in Norway , founded by Vikings in the 9th century . Tønsberg was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt ) . The rural municipality of Sem was merged into the municipality of Tønsberg on 1 January 1988 . The neighboring municipality of Re was merged into Tønsberg on 1 January 2020 . It is home to Tønsberg Fortress on Castle Mountain , which includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis , Norway 's largest castle in the 13th century . An outdoor music festival is held at Tønsberg Fortress every July . Tønsberg is also home of Oseberg Mound , where the 9th-century Oseberg Ship was excavated ."}]}, {'value': 'Sandefjord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandefjord', 'summary': "The name Sandefjord , which dates to 1200 A.D. , originates from the ancient farm name Sandar . The first element is the genitive case of the name of the parish and former municipality of Sandar . The name Sandar derives from the Old Norse term sandar , which is the plural form of sandr , translating to 'stretch of sand ' ( sandstrekning ) . The name Sandefjord was first mentioned in chapter 169 of Sverris saga from the year 1200 . It was then referring to the fjord which is now known as Sandefjordsfjord ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Norway', 'summary': "Eastern Norway ( Bokmål : Østlandet , Nynorsk : Austlandet ) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway . It consists of the counties Vestfold og Telemark , Viken , Oslo and Innlandet . Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway . It contains the country 's capital , Oslo , which is Norway 's most populous city . In Norwegian , the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet ( The east land ) in contrast to Vestlandet ( The west land ) ."}]}, {'value': '42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agder', 'summary': 'Agder is a county ( fylke ) and historical district of Norway in the southernmost region of Norway . Before 1 January 2020 , the region was divided in two counties , Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder . Since the early 1900s , the term Sørlandet ( south country ) has been more commonly used for this region , sometimes with the inclusion of neighbouring Rogaland . Prior to that time , the area was considered a part of Western Norway . The area was a medieval petty kingdom , and after the unification of Norway , the area became known as Egdafylki and later yet called Agdesiden , a county within the kingdom of Norway . The name Agder was not used after 1662 when the area was split into smaller governmental units called Nedenæs , Råbyggelaget , Lister , and Mandal . The name was resurrected in 1919 when two counties of Norway that roughly corresponded to the old Agdesiden county were renamed as Aust-Agder ( East Agder ) and Vest-Agder ( West Agder ) . Even before joining the two counties in 2020 , there was significant cooperation between the two units , such as the University of Agder that had campuses in both Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder , and many other institutions such as the Diocese of Agder og Telemark , the Agder Court of Appeal , and the Agder Police District .'}]}, {'value': 'Kristiansand and Arendal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristiansand', 'summary': 'Kristiansand [ a ] ( /ˈkrɪstʃənsænd/ , also US : /ˈkrɪstiənsɑːn/ , Norwegian : [ krɪstjɑnˈsɑnː ] ( listen ) ) , historically spelled Christianssand and Christiansand , is a city and municipality Agder county , Norway . It is the fifth largest city in Norway and the municipality is the sixth largest in Norway , with a population of around 112,000 as of January 2020 , following the incorporation of the municipalities of Søgne and Songdalen into the new and revised municipality of greater Kristiansand . In addition to the city itself , Statistics Norway counts four other densely populated areas in the municipality : Skålevik in Flekkerøy with a population of 3,526 in the Vågsbygd borough , Strai with a population of 1,636 in the Grim borough , Justvik with a population of 1,803 in the Lund borough , and Tveit with a population of 1,396 ( as of January 2012 [ update ] ) in the Oddernes borough . Kristiansand is divided into five boroughs : Grim , which is located northwest in Kristiansand with a population of 15,000 ; Kvadraturen , which is the centre and downtown Kristiansand with a population of 5,200 ; Lund , the second largest borough ; Søgne , with a population of around 12,000 and incorporated into the municipality of Kristiansand as of January 2020 ; Oddernes , a borough located in the west ; and Vågsbygd , the largest borough with a population of 36,000 , located in the southwest . Kristiansand is connected by four main roads : European Route E18 from Oslo , Aust-Agder and covers the eastern part of Kristiansand ; European route E39 from Stavanger , Flekkefjord and the coast towns and villages in Vest-Agder ; Norwegian National Road 9 from Evje , Setesdal and Grim ; and Norwegian National Road 41 from Telemark , northern Aust-Agder , Birkeland , Tveit and the airport Kristiansand Airport , Kjevik . Varodd Bridge is a large bridge and a part of E18 , which stretches over Topdalsfjorden . Tourism is important in Kristiansand , and the summer season is the most popular for tourists . Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement park is the largest zoo in Norway . It receives over 900,000 visitors every year . Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in downtown Kristiansand . Bystranda is a city beach located in Kvadraturen ; in addition , Hamresanden beach is the longest beach in Kristiansand . Hamresanden Camping is a popular family camp during the summer season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arendal', 'summary': "Arendal ( Urban East Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːl ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway . Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal ( which is also the seat of Aust-Agder county ) . Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene , Eydehavn , Færvik , Strengereid , Kongshavn , Kilsund , Brattekleiv , Torsbudalen , Longum , Saltrød , Staubø , Vrengen , and Kolbjørnsvik . The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal . The 270-square-kilometre ( 100 sq mi ) municipality is the 288th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Arendal is the 20th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 44 800 . The municipality 's population density is 174.7 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 452/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 11.3% over the last decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Kristiansand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristiansand', 'summary': 'Kristiansand [ a ] ( /ˈkrɪstʃənsænd/ , also US : /ˈkrɪstiənsɑːn/ , Norwegian : [ krɪstjɑnˈsɑnː ] ( listen ) ) , historically spelled Christianssand and Christiansand , is a city and municipality Agder county , Norway . It is the fifth largest city in Norway and the municipality is the sixth largest in Norway , with a population of around 112,000 as of January 2020 , following the incorporation of the municipalities of Søgne and Songdalen into the new and revised municipality of greater Kristiansand . In addition to the city itself , Statistics Norway counts four other densely populated areas in the municipality : Skålevik in Flekkerøy with a population of 3,526 in the Vågsbygd borough , Strai with a population of 1,636 in the Grim borough , Justvik with a population of 1,803 in the Lund borough , and Tveit with a population of 1,396 ( as of January 2012 [ update ] ) in the Oddernes borough . Kristiansand is divided into five boroughs : Grim , which is located northwest in Kristiansand with a population of 15,000 ; Kvadraturen , which is the centre and downtown Kristiansand with a population of 5,200 ; Lund , the second largest borough ; Søgne , with a population of around 12,000 and incorporated into the municipality of Kristiansand as of January 2020 ; Oddernes , a borough located in the west ; and Vågsbygd , the largest borough with a population of 36,000 , located in the southwest . Kristiansand is connected by four main roads : European Route E18 from Oslo , Aust-Agder and covers the eastern part of Kristiansand ; European route E39 from Stavanger , Flekkefjord and the coast towns and villages in Vest-Agder ; Norwegian National Road 9 from Evje , Setesdal and Grim ; and Norwegian National Road 41 from Telemark , northern Aust-Agder , Birkeland , Tveit and the airport Kristiansand Airport , Kjevik . Varodd Bridge is a large bridge and a part of E18 , which stretches over Topdalsfjorden . Tourism is important in Kristiansand , and the summer season is the most popular for tourists . Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement park is the largest zoo in Norway . It receives over 900,000 visitors every year . Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in downtown Kristiansand . Bystranda is a city beach located in Kvadraturen ; in addition , Hamresanden beach is the longest beach in Kristiansand . Hamresanden Camping is a popular family camp during the summer season .'}]}, {'value': 'Southern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Norway', 'summary': 'Southern Norway ( Norwegian : Sørlandet ; lit . The Southland ) is the geographical region ( landsdel ) along the Skagerrak coast of southern Norway . The region is an informal description since it does not have any governmental function . It roughly corresponds to the old petty kingdom of Agder as well as the two former counties of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder . From New Year 2020 , the two counties have been merged into one county , Agder . The total combined area of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder counties is 16,493 square kilometres ( 6,368 sq mi ) . The name is relatively new , having first been used in Norway around 1900 . The region includes coastal areas along the Skagerrak and extends inland to the Setesdalsheiene mountains . There are many large valleys running from the mountains to the south and east to the sea . The highest point in the region is Sæbyggjenuten at 1,507 m ( 4,944 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': '46', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vestland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vestland', 'summary': 'Vestland is a county in Norway established on January 1 , 2020 . It consists of the former counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane , with the exception of Hornindal municipality , which became part of Volda municipality in Møre og Romsdal county .'}]}, {'value': 'Bergen and Leikanger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergen', 'summary': "Bergen ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈbæ̀rɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , historically Bjørgvin , is a city and municipality in Vestland on the west coast of Norway . At the end of the first quarter of 2018 [ update ] , the municipality 's population was 280,216 , and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants . Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway . The municipality covers 465 square kilometres ( 180 sq mi ) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen . The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden , 'the city fjord ' , and the city is surrounded by mountains ; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains ' . Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland , and consists of eight boroughs : Arna , Bergenhus , Fana , Fyllingsdalen , Laksevåg , Ytrebygda , Årstad , and Åsane . Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s . According to tradition , the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bjørgvin , 'the green meadow among the mountains ' . It served as Norway 's capital in the 13th century , and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League . Until 1789 , Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was overtaken by the capital , Christiania ( now known as Oslo ) . What remains of the quays , Bryggen , is a World Heritage Site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leikanger', 'summary': "Leikanger ( Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈlæ̂ɪkɑŋər ] ( listen ) ) is a former municipality in Sogn og Fjordane county , Norway . It was located on the northern shore of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn . The administrative center was the village of Hermansverk , which also was the administrative center of the old Sogn og Fjordane county . The Leikanger/Hermansverk urban area had 2,144 inhabitants ( 2019 ) , about 90% of the municipal population . This urban area is often called Systrond , which is why a person from Leikanger is often called Systrending . The 180-square-kilometre ( 69 sq mi ) municipality is the 342nd largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Leikanger is the 302nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,331 . The municipality 's population density is 13.1 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 34/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 8.1% over the last decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergen', 'summary': "Bergen ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈbæ̀rɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , historically Bjørgvin , is a city and municipality in Vestland on the west coast of Norway . At the end of the first quarter of 2018 [ update ] , the municipality 's population was 280,216 , and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants . Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway . The municipality covers 465 square kilometres ( 180 sq mi ) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen . The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden , 'the city fjord ' , and the city is surrounded by mountains ; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains ' . Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland , and consists of eight boroughs : Arna , Bergenhus , Fana , Fyllingsdalen , Laksevåg , Ytrebygda , Årstad , and Åsane . Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s . According to tradition , the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bjørgvin , 'the green meadow among the mountains ' . It served as Norway 's capital in the 13th century , and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League . Until 1789 , Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was overtaken by the capital , Christiania ( now known as Oslo ) . What remains of the quays , Bryggen , is a World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Norway', 'summary': 'Western Norway ( Norwegian : Vestlandet , Vest-Norge , Vest-Noreg ) is the region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway . It consists of the counties Rogaland , Vestland and Møre og Romsdal . The region has a population of approximately 1.3 million people . The largest city is Bergen and the second-largest is Stavanger . Historically the regions of Agder , Vest-Telemark , Hallingdal , Valdres and northern parts of Gudbrandsdal have been included in Western Norway . Western Norway , as well as other parts of historical regions of Norway , shares a common history with Denmark , the Faroe Islands and Iceland and to a lesser extent the Netherlands and Britain . For example , the Icelandic horse is a close relative of the Fjord horse and both the Faroese and Icelandic languages are based on the Old West Norse . In early Norse times , people from Western Norway became settlers at the Western Isles in the Northern Atlantic , so that Orkney , Shetland , the Faroe Islands and Iceland . During the Viking age settlements were made at the Hebrides , Man and Ireland proper . In early modern time , Western Norway has had much emigration to the United States , Canada , and to a lesser extent to the United Kingdom . This applies particularly to the US states of Minnesota , North and South Dakota , Wisconsin , Montana , and the Canadian province of Manitoba . The Icelandic and Faroese people , and many people in the British Isles , are descendants of Norsemen and Vikings who emigrated from Western Norway during the Viking Age .'}]}, {'value': '50', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trøndelag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trøndelag', 'summary': 'The Old Norse form of the name was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means person from Trøndelag , while the second is lǫg ( plural of lag which means law ; district/people with a common law ( compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ) . A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr . Þróndheimr may be older since the first element has a stem form without umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'Steinkjer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steinkjer', 'summary': "Steinkjer is a municipality in Trøndelag county , Norway . It is part of the Innherad region . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Steinkjer which is located on the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord . The town is also the administrative centre for Trøndelag county . Other populated areas in Steinkjer include the villages of Ogndal , Hyllbrua , Gaulstad , Beitstad , Bartnes , Vellamelen , Stod , Binde , Sunnan , Byafossen , Følling , Kvam , Lerkehaug , Mære , Sparbu , Vassaunet , Vekre , Malm , Follafoss , Sela , and Verrastranda . The 1,565-square-kilometre ( 604 sq mi ) municipality is the 45th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Steinkjer is the 52nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 22,096 . The municipality 's population density is 15.5 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 40/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 6.9% over the last decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Trondheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trondheim', 'summary': 'Trondheim ( UK : /ˈtrɒndhaɪm , ˈtrɒnhaɪm/ , US : /ˈtrɒnheɪm/ , Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈtrɔ̂n ( h ) æɪm ] ( listen ) ; Southern Sami : Tråante ) , historically Kaupangen , Nidaros and Trondhjem , is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county , Norway . It has a population of 200,000 ( 01/01/2020 ) , and is the third most populous municipality in Norway , although the fourth largest urban area . Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the River Nidelva . The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology ( NTNU ) , the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research ( SINTEF ) , St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions . The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post , and it served as the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217 . From 1152 to 1537 , the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros ; since then , it has remained the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral . It was incorporated in 1838 . The current municipality dates from 1964 , when Trondheim merged with Byneset , Leinstrand , Strinda and Tiller . The city functions as the seat of the County Mayor of Trøndelag county , but not as the administrative centre , which is Steinkjer . This is to make the county more efficient and not too centralized , as Trøndelag is the second largest county in Norway .'}]}, {'value': 'Trøndelag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trøndelag', 'summary': 'The Old Norse form of the name was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means person from Trøndelag , while the second is lǫg ( plural of lag which means law ; district/people with a common law ( compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ) . A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr . Þróndheimr may be older since the first element has a stem form without umlaut .'}]}, {'value': '54', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Troms og Finnmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troms_og_Finnmark', 'summary': 'Troms og Finnmark ( Northern Sami : Romsa ja Finnmárku or Kven : Tromssa ja Finmarkku ) is a county in northern Norway that was established on January 1 , 2020 . The county is the result of a regional reform in Norway . It was formed by the merger of the former Finnmark and Troms counties plus Tjeldsund Municipality from Nordland county . The administrative centre of the new county will be based in the city of Tromsø ( the seat of the old Troms county ) , but the county governor will be based out of the town of Vadsø ( the seat of the old Finnmark county ) . On 1 January 2019 , Elisabeth Aspaker was appointed as the County Governor of Troms og Finnmark . Previously , she had been the County Governor of Troms county . The merger has not been popular , especially in the old Finnmark county . A county-wide non-binding referendum was held and about 87% of Finnmark residents who voted , voted against the merger , but the Storting did not reverse its decision to merge the county . Some political parties have since been campaigning to reverse the merger in the next parliamentary term .'}]}, {'value': 'Tromsø and Vadsø', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tromsø', 'summary': "Tromsø ( /ˈtrɒmsoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈtrɒmsɜː/ ; Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈtrʊ̂msœ ] ( listen ) ; Northern Sami : Romsa ; Kven : Tromssa , Swedish : Tromsö ) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tromsø . Tromsø lies in Northern Norway . The 2,521-square-kilometre ( 973 sq mi ) municipality is the 18th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Tromsø is the 9th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 71,590 ( 2014 ) . The municipality 's population density is 30.6 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 79/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 15.9% over the last decade . It is the largest urban area in Northern Norway and the third largest north of the Arctic Circle anywhere in the world ( following Murmansk and Norilsk ) . Most of Tromsø , including the city centre , is located on the island of Tromsøya , 350 kilometres ( 217 mi ) north of the Arctic Circle . In 2017 , the city of Tromsø had a population of about 65,000 people spread out over Tromsøya and parts of Kvaløya and the mainland . Tromsøya is connected to the mainland by the Tromsø Bridge and the Tromsøysund Tunnel , and to the island of Kvaløya by the Sandnessund Bridge . The municipality is warmer than most other places located on the same latitude , due to the warming effect of the Gulf Stream . Tromsø is even milder than places much farther south of it elsewhere in the world , such as on the Hudson Bay and in Far East Russia , with the warm-water current allowing for both relatively mild winters and tree growth in spite of its very high latitude ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vadsø', 'summary': "Vadsø [ ˈvɑ̂dsøː ] ( listen ) ( Northern Sami : Čáhcesuolu ; Kven : Vesisaari ) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark County , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vadsø , which was the administrative centre of the former Finnmark county . Other settlements in Vadsø include Ekkerøy , Kiby , Krampenes , Skallelv , Valen , and Vestre Jakobselv . The 1,258-square-kilometre ( 486 sq mi ) municipality is the 77th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Vadsø is the 173rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,033 . The municipality 's population density is 4.9 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 13/sq mi ) and its population has decreased by 0.5% over the last decade ."}]}, {'value': 'Tromsø', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tromsø', 'summary': "Tromsø ( /ˈtrɒmsoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈtrɒmsɜː/ ; Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈtrʊ̂msœ ] ( listen ) ; Northern Sami : Romsa ; Kven : Tromssa , Swedish : Tromsö ) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tromsø . Tromsø lies in Northern Norway . The 2,521-square-kilometre ( 973 sq mi ) municipality is the 18th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Tromsø is the 9th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 71,590 ( 2014 ) . The municipality 's population density is 30.6 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 79/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 15.9% over the last decade . It is the largest urban area in Northern Norway and the third largest north of the Arctic Circle anywhere in the world ( following Murmansk and Norilsk ) . Most of Tromsø , including the city centre , is located on the island of Tromsøya , 350 kilometres ( 217 mi ) north of the Arctic Circle . In 2017 , the city of Tromsø had a population of about 65,000 people spread out over Tromsøya and parts of Kvaløya and the mainland . Tromsøya is connected to the mainland by the Tromsø Bridge and the Tromsøysund Tunnel , and to the island of Kvaløya by the Sandnessund Bridge . The municipality is warmer than most other places located on the same latitude , due to the warming effect of the Gulf Stream . Tromsø is even milder than places much farther south of it elsewhere in the world , such as on the Hudson Bay and in Far East Russia , with the warm-water current allowing for both relatively mild winters and tree growth in spite of its very high latitude ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Norway', 'summary': 'Northern Norway ( Bokmål : Nord-Norge , Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈnûːrˌnɔrɡə ] , Nynorsk : Nord-Noreg ; Northern Sami : Davvi-Norga ) is a geographical region of Norway , consisting of the two northernmost counties Nordland and Troms og Finnmark , in total about 35% of the Norwegian mainland . Some of the largest towns in Northern Norway ( from south to north ) are Mo i Rana , Bodø , Narvik , Harstad , Tromsø and Alta . Northern Norway is often described as the land of the midnight sun and the land of the northern lights . Further north , halfway to the North Pole , is the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard , traditionally not regarded as part of Northern Norway . The region is multi-cultural , housing not just Norwegians but also the indigenous Sami people , Norwegian Finns ( known as Kvens , distinct from the Forest Finns of Southern Norway ) and Russian populations ( mostly in Kirkenes ) . The Norwegian language dominates in most of the area ; Sami speakers are mainly found inland and in some of the fjord areas of Nordland , Troms and particularly Finnmark - though ethnic Sámi who do not speak the language are found more or less everywhere in the region . Finnish is spoken in only a few communities in the east of Finnmark .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Politics and government -- Administrative divisions', 'section_text': "Main articles : Administrative divisions of Norway , Counties of Norway , Municipalities of Norway , List of towns and cities in Norway , and Dependencies of Norway See also : Sápmi ( area ) Norway , a unitary state , is divided into eleven first-level administrative counties ( fylke ) . The counties are administered through directly elected county assemblies who elect the County Governor . Additionally , the King and government are represented in every county by a fylkesmann , who effectively acts as a Governor . [ 151 ] As such , the Government is directly represented at a local level through the County Governors ' offices . The counties are then sub-divided into 356 second-level municipalities ( kommuner ) , which in turn are administered by directly elected municipal council , headed by a mayor and a small executive cabinet . The capital of Oslo is considered both a county and a municipality . Norway has two integral overseas territories : Jan Mayen and Svalbard , the only developed island in the archipelago of the same name , located miles away to the north . There are three Antarctic and Subantarctic dependencies : Bouvet Island , Peter I Island , and Queen Maud Land . On most maps , there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land and the South Pole until 12 June 2015 when Norway formally annexed that area . [ 152 ] An administrative map of Norway , showing the 19 fylker , the Svalbard ( Spitsbergen ) and Jan Mayen islands , which are part of the Norwegian kingdom 96 settlements have city status in Norway . In most cases , the city borders are coterminous with the borders of their respective municipalities . Often , Norwegian city municipalities include large areas that are not developed ; for example , Oslo municipality contains large forests , located north and south-east of the city , and over half of Bergen municipality consists of mountainous areas . Norway and its overseas administrative divisions The counties of Norway are :", 'uid': 'Norway_0', 'intro': "Norway (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk); Northern Sami: Norga; Lule Sami: Vuodna; Southern Sami: Nöörje), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway. [note 2] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island. Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg."}
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The most populous municipality in this county created on January 1 , 2020 is named after what ?
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the old Ringsaker farm
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02eafde6a7d5d522
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_San_Francisco_49ers_season', 'title': '2009 San Francisco 49ers season', 'header': ['Date Signed', 'Position', 'Player', '2008 Team', 'Contract'], 'data': [{'value': '01-22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_F._Williams', 'summary': "James Franklin Williams , Jr. ( born March 8 , 1984 ) is a former American football cornerback who previously played for the Atlanta Falcons and San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Virginia Tech , and was recognized as a unanimous All-American . He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft , but was later suspended for violating the NFL 's banned substances policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Did not play', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}, {'value': '01-23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Micheal Spurlock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Micheal_Spurlock', 'summary': "At Gentry High School in Indianola , Mississippi , he passed for Class 5A state records of 3,348 yards and 35 touchdowns in 2000 , also rushed for another 1,161 yards and scored 10 touchdowns , giving him 4,509 total yards and 45 touchdowns during senior campaign . He also currently holds the Mississippi High School State record for passing yards in a single game ( 581 ) and touchdowns in a single game ( 9 ) . He earned three letters in football , four in baseball and three in basketball , playing as a shortstop-pitcher in baseball , was three-time selection as team 's Most Valuable Player and Best Defensive Player . He was also the starting guard in basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'Tampa Bay Buccaneers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers', 'summary': "The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are a professional American football team based in Tampa , Florida . The Buccaneers currently compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) South division . The club joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team , along with the Seattle Seahawks . Tampa Bay played its first season in the American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division as part of the 1976 expansion plan , whereby each new franchise would play every other franchise over the first two years . After the season , the team switched conferences with the Seahawks and became a member of the NFC Central division . During the 2002 league realignment , the Buccaneers joined three former NFC West teams to form the NFC South . The club is owned by the Glazer family , and plays its home games at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa . The Buccaneers are the first post-merger expansion team to win a division championship , a playoff game , and to host and play in a conference championship game ; all three accomplishments occurred during the 1979 season . They are also the first team since the merger to complete a winning season when starting 10 or more rookies , which happened in the 2010 season . In 1976 and 1977 , the Buccaneers lost their first 26 games . They would not win their first game in franchise history until Week 13 , of 14 , in 1977 . After a brief winning era in the late 1970s and early 1980s , the team suffered through 14 consecutive losing seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '01-29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maurice Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Price', 'summary': 'Maurice Price ( born September 11 , 1985 ) is a former gridiron football wide receiver who played for the Calgary Stampeders and Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Charleston Southern . Price was also a member of the New England Patriots , San Francisco 49ers , Baltimore Ravens , Florida Tuskers , Washington Redskins , and Tampa Bay Buccaneers .'}]}, {'value': 'New England Patriots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Patriots', 'summary': "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston area . The Patriots compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at Gillette Stadium in the town of Foxborough , Massachusetts , which is located 28 miles ( 45 km ) southwest of Boston , Massachusetts . The Patriots are also headquartered at Gillette Stadium . Founded in 1959 as the Boston Patriots , an original member of the American Football League ( AFL ) , the team joined the NFL in the leagues ' 1970 merger , then changed its name when it moved to Foxborough in 1971 . The New England Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium through 2001 , then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season . The Patriots ' rivalry with the New York Jets is considered one of the most bitter rivalries in the NFL . Since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000 , the Patriots have become one of the most successful teams in NFL history , claiming 16 AFC East titles as part of 18 consecutive winning seasons since 2001 . The franchise has since set numerous notable records , including most wins in a ten-year period ( 126 , in 2003-2012 ) , an undefeated 16-game regular season in 2007 , the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history ( a 21-game streak from October 2003 to October 2004 ) , and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history ( eleven straight division titles from 2009 to 2019 ) . The team owns the record for most Super Bowl appearances ( nine ) and wins ( six ) by a head coach-quarterback tandem , most conference championships overall ( eleven ) , most Super Bowl appearances overall ( eleven ) . The Patriots are tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers for the most Super Bowl wins ( six ) , and with the Denver Broncos for the most Super Bowl losses ( five ) ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brandon Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandon_Jones_(wide_receiver)', 'summary': 'Brandon Cornell Jones is a former American Football wide receiver . He played college football at Oklahoma . He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft . Jones also played for the San Francisco 49ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee Titans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Titans', 'summary': "The Tennessee Titans are a professional American football team based in Nashville , Tennessee . The Titans compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) South division . Previously known as the Houston Oilers , the team began play in 1960 in Houston , Texas , as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . The Oilers won the first two AFL Championships , and joined the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 . The team relocated from Houston to Tennessee in 1997 , and played at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis for one season . The team then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium . For those two years , they were known as the Tennessee Oilers , but changed their name to Tennessee Titans for the 1999 season . The team currently plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville , which opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum . The Titans ' training facility is at Saint Thomas Sports Park , a 31-acre ( 13 ha ) site at the MetroCenter complex in Nashville . Throughout the club 's history , the Titans have played in the Super Bowl once ( XXXIV , at the end of the 1999 NFL season ) ; the Titans lost 23-16 to the St. Louis Rams ."}]}, {'value': '5 yrs / $ 16.5 mil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moran Norris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moran_Norris', 'summary': 'Torrance Moran Norris /ˈmɒrən/ ; born June 16 , 1978 ) is a former American football fullback . He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the fourth round of the 2001 NFL Draft . He played college football at Kansas . Norris has also played for the Houston Texans , Detroit Lions and San Francisco 49ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Lions', 'summary': "The Detroit Lions are a professional American football team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at Ford Field in Downtown Detroit . Originally based in Portsmouth , Ohio and called the Portsmouth Spartans , the team formally joined the NFL on July 12 , 1930 and began play in the 1930 season . Despite success within the NFL , they could not survive in Portsmouth , then the NFL 's second smallest city . The team was purchased and relocated to Detroit and subsequently renamed the Lions for the 1934 season . The Lions have won four NFL championships . However , their last was in 1957 , which gives the club the second-longest NFL championship drought behind the Arizona Cardinals ( who last won in 1947 ) . They are one of four current teams and the only NFC team to have not yet played in the Super Bowl . They are also the only franchise to have been in operation for all 54 seasons of the Super Bowl era without having appeared in one ( the Cleveland Browns were not in operation for the 1996 to 1998 seasons ) ."}]}, {'value': '3 yrs / $ 5 mil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-04', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Damon Huard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damon_Huard', 'summary': 'Damon Paul Huard ( born July 9 , 1973 ) is a former American football quarterback . He is the director of community relations and fundraiser for the University of Washington football program , his alma mater . Huard was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 1996 , and played twelve seasons in the NFL with the Miami Dolphins , New England Patriots , and Kansas City Chiefs . While with the Patriots , he won two Super Bowl rings .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs', 'summary': "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . ( It is not associated with the NFL Dallas Texans . ) In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City and assumed its current name . The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . The team is valued at over $ 2 billion . Hunt 's son , Clark , serves as chairman and CEO . While Hunt 's ownership stakes passed collectively to his widow and children after his death in 2006 , Clark is the operating head of the franchise ; he represents the Chiefs at all league meetings and has ultimate authority on personnel changes . The Chiefs have won three AFL championships , in 1962 , 1966 , and 1969 . They became the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to defeat an NFL team in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game , when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV . The team 's victory on January 11 , 1970 , was the final such competition before the leagues ' merger went into full effect ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demetric Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demetric_Evans', 'summary': 'Demetric Untrell Evans ( born September 3 , 1979 ) is a former professional American football defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Dallas Cowboys ( 2001-2003 ) , Washington Redskins ( 2004-2008 ) and the San Francisco 49ers ( 2008-2010 ) . He also was a member of the Cologne Centurions in NFL Europe ( 2004 ) . He played college football at the University of Georgia ( 1997-2000 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington Redskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Redskins', 'summary': 'The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover , Maryland ; its headquarters and training facility are at Inova Sports Performance Center at Redskins Park in Ashburn , Virginia and the Redskins Complex in Richmond , Virginia , respectively . The Redskins have played more than one thousand games since their founding 88 years ago in 1932 , and are one of only five franchises in the NFL to record over six hundred regular season and postseason wins , reaching that mark in 2015 . The Redskins have won five NFL Championships ( the latter three in Super Bowls ) , and have captured fourteen divisional titles and six conference championships . The Redskins were the first NFL franchise with an official marching band , the Redskins Band , and the first with a fight song , Hail to the Redskins . The team began play in Boston as the Braves in 1932 , and became the Redskins the following year . In 1937 , the team relocated to Washington , D.C. , where they have been based since . The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 NFL championship games , as well as Super Bowls XVII , XXII , and XXVI . They have been league runner-up six times , losing the 1936 , 1940 , 1943 , and 1945 title games , and Super Bowls VII and XVIII . With 24 postseason appearances , the Redskins have an overall postseason record of 23-18 . Their three Super Bowl wins are tied with the Oakland Raiders and Denver Broncos , behind the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots ( six each ) , San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys ( five each ) , and the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants ( four each ) .'}]}, {'value': '2 yrs / $ 3.8 mil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lewis Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_Baker_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Lewis Baker ( born October 12 , 1984 ) is a former gridiron football safety who played for the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2008 . He played college football at Oklahoma . He has also been a member of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats .'}]}, {'value': 'Did not play', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Washington_(linebacker)', 'summary': 'Mark Washington ( born August 20 , 1985 ) is a former American football linebacker . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Texas State . Washington has also been a member of the Miami Dolphins , Arizona Cardinals , and Minnesota Vikings .'}]}, {'value': 'Did not play', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03-27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marvel Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marvel_Smith', 'summary': 'Marvel Amos Smith ( born August 6 , 1978 ) is a former American football offensive tackle who played nine seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Arizona State University . He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round of the 2000 NFL Draft , and also was a member of the San Francisco 49ers . A one-time Pro Bowl selection , Smith earned two Super Bowl rings with the Steelers .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Steelers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . Founded in 1933 , the Steelers are the seventh-oldest franchise in the NFL , and they are the oldest franchise in the AFC . In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL , where they were the oldest team never to have won a league championship , the Steelers of the post-merger ( modern ) era are among the most successful NFL franchises . The team is tied with the New England Patriots for the most Super Bowl titles at six , and they have both played in ( 16 times ) and hosted ( 11 times ) more conference championship games than any other team in the NFL . The Steelers have also won eight AFC championships , tied with the Denver Broncos , but behind the Patriots ' record 11 AFC championships . The team is tied with the Broncos and Dallas Cowboys for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight . They lost their most recent championship appearance , Super Bowl XLV , on February 6 , 2011 . The Steelers , whose history may be traced to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s , joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8 , 1933 . The team was owned by Art Rooney and took its original name from the baseball team of the same name , as was common practice for NFL teams at the time . To distinguish them from the baseball team , local media took to calling the football team the Rooneymen , an unofficial nickname that persisted for decades after the team had adopted its current nickname . The ownership of the Steelers has remained within the Rooney family since the organization 's founding ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Boone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Boone', 'summary': 'Alexander Boone ( born May 4 , 1987 ) is an American football guard who is currently a free agent . He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He has also spent time with the Minnesota Vikings and Arizona Cardinals .'}]}, {'value': 'Ohio State Buckeyes †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes', 'summary': "The Ohio State Buckeyes are the athletic teams that represent Ohio State University , located in Columbus , Ohio . The athletic programs are named after the colloquial term for people from the state of Ohio and after the state tree , the Ohio Buckeye . The Buckeyes participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I in all sports and the Big Ten Conference in most sports . The Ohio State women 's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . The school colors are scarlet and gray . Ohio State 's mascot is Brutus Buckeye . Ohio State is one of only six universities to have won a NCAA national championship in baseball and men 's basketball , and be recognized as a national champion in football . Ohio State has also won national championships in men 's swimming & diving , men 's outdoor track & field , men 's volleyball , men 's golf , men 's gymnastics , men 's fencing , women 's rowing , co-ed fencing , co-ed and women 's pistol , synchronized swimming , and wrestling . Since the inception of the Athletic Director 's Cup , Ohio State has finished in the top 25 each year , including top 6 finishes in three of the last five years . During the 2005-2006 school year Ohio State became the first Big Ten team to win conference championships in football , men 's basketball and women 's basketball in the same season . They repeated this feat in the 2006-2007 season , which also included a February 25 , 2007 men 's basketball game which saw the Buckeyes defeat the Wisconsin Badgers in the Big Ten 's first basketball game between the number one and number two ranked squads in the nation . A few of the many outstanding sports figures who were student athletes at Ohio State include Jesse Owens , The Buckeye Bullet , ( track and field ) , John Havlicek , Jerry Lucas , and Katie Smith ( basketball ) , Frank Howard ( baseball ) , Jack Nicklaus ( golf ) , Archie Griffin ( football running back , the only two-time Heisman Trophy winner ) , and Chic Harley ( three-time All-American football running back ) ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diyral Biggs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowling Green Falcons †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons', 'summary': "The Bowling Green Falcons are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Bowling Green State University ( BGSU ) , in Bowling Green , Ohio , United States . The Falcons compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) at the Division I level as a member of the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) East Division , while the men 's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . Bowling Green sponsors teams in seven men 's and 11 women 's NCAA-sanctioned sports and the football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level for college football . BGSU is one of only 15 universities in the United States that plays Division I FBS football and Division I men 's ice hockey . The Falcons ' main rivals are the Toledo Rockets from the University of Toledo , separated by 20 miles ( 32 km ) of Interstate 75 in northwestern Ohio , a rivalry contested in several sports . The best known of these games is the annual football game , known as the Battle of I-75 . Originally , the winner of the game was awarded the Peace Pipe , a Native American peace pipe placed upon a wood tablet . Since 2011 , the winner is awarded a bronzed I-75 road sign . The 1984 Falcons hockey team defeated Minnesota-Duluth in the longest college hockey championship game in history , to win the NCAA national championship , Bowling Green 's first and only Division I national championship ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dobson Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dobson_Collins', 'summary': 'Dobson Collins ( born July 12 , 1987 ) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent . He was originally signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Gardner-Webb . Collins has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles , BC Lions , Edmonton Eskimos , Hamilton Tiger-Cats , Ottawa Redblacks and Baltimore Ravens .'}]}, {'value': "Gardner-Webb Runnin ' Bulldogs †", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gardner–Webb_Runnin'_Bulldogs", 'summary': "The Gardner-Webb Runnin ' Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Gardner-Webb University , located in Boiling Springs , North Carolina . Gardner-Webb participates in 21 varsity sports at the NCAA Division I level . The school 's programs are a part of the Big South Conference . Gardner-Webb has also produced many notable athletes and coaches , including : Artis Gilmore , Gerry Vaillancourt , John Drew , Eddie Lee Wilkins , Jim Washburn , Blake Lalli , Jim Maxwell , Gabe Wilkins , Cara Saunders , and Brian Johnston ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pannel Egboh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pannel_Egboh', 'summary': 'Pannel Egboh ( born March 23 , 1986 ) is an American football defensive end . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Stanford , under current University of Michigan head coach Jim Harbaugh . He currently attends McGovern Medical School .'}]}, {'value': 'Stanford Cardinal †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal', 'summary': "The Stanford Cardinal are the athletic teams that represent Stanford University . As of December 22 , 2019 , Stanford 's program has won 126 NCAA team championships , as well as 25 consecutive NACDA Directors ' Cups , awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation . As of February 15 , 2019 , Stanford-affiliated athletes have won 270 Olympic medals . Stanford 's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , along with other schools from the western third of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirby Freeman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirby_Freeman', 'summary': 'Kirby Lyn Freeman ( born March 28 , 1985 ) is a former American football quarterback . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Miami and Baylor .'}]}, {'value': 'Baylor Bears †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baylor_Bears', 'summary': "The Baylor Bears are the athletic teams that represent Baylor University . Baylor 's men 's sports teams are named the Bears , and some women 's teams are named the Lady Bears . The teams participate in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as one of only two private school members of the Big 12 Conference . Prior to joining the Big 12 , Baylor was a member of the Southwest Conference from their charter creation in 1914 until its dissolution in 1996 . Baylor is also a founding member of the Big 12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyle Howard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wyoming Cowboys †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wyoming_Cowboys', 'summary': "The Wyoming Cowboys and Cowgirls are the athletic teams that represent the University of Wyoming . Wyoming is a member of the Mountain West Conference ( MW ) and competes in NCAA Division I , fielding 17 NCAA-sanctioned sports . Two Wyoming teams compete in other conferences in sports that the MW does not sponsor . The men 's swimming and diving team competes in the Western Athletic Conference , and the wrestling team competes in the Big 12 Conference . Tom Burman has served as Wyoming 's athletic director since October 9 , 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G/C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matthew Huners', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Florida Bulls †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Florida_Bulls', 'summary': "The South Florida Bulls ( also known as USF Bulls ) are the athletic teams that represent the University of South Florida . The university competes in NCAA Division I of the NCAA , and as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . The university currently sponsors varsity sports : baseball , men 's and women 's basketball , men 's and women 's golf , football , men 's and women 's soccer , softball , men 's and women 's tennis , men 's and women 's cross country , men 's and women 's track , volleyball , sailing ."}]}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terrail Lambert', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre Dame Fighting Irish †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish', 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish are the athletic teams that represent the University of Notre Dame . The Fighting Irish participate in 23 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I intercollegiate sports and in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports , with many teams competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Notre Dame is one of only 16 universities in the United States that plays Division I FBS football and Division I men 's ice hockey . The school colors are Gold and Blue and the mascot is the Leprechaun . It was founded on November 23 , 1887 with football in South Bend , Indiana ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khalif Mitchell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khalif_Mitchell', 'summary': 'Khalif Quadree Mitchell ( born April 7 , 1985 ) is a professional Canadian football and American Football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent . He has played for the B.C . Lions , Toronto Argonauts in the CFL and San Francisco 49ers in the NFL . In 2011 , he won a Grey Cup with the BC Lions . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 and released in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'East Carolina Pirates †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Carolina_Pirates', 'summary': "The East Carolina Pirates are the athletic teams that represent East Carolina University ( ECU ) , located in Greenville , North Carolina . All varsity-level sports teams except for women 's lacrosse participate at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for football ) level as a member of the American Athletic Conference . The women 's lacrosse team , newly launched for the 2018 season ( 2017-18 school year ) , is playing its inaugural season as a Division I independent before becoming a charter member of The American 's new women 's lacrosse league in the 2019 season . The school became an NCAA member in 1961 ."}]}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04-30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kory Sheets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kory_Sheets', 'summary': 'Kory Gerren Sheets ( born March 31 , 1985 ) is a former American running back . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Purdue . Sheets was also a member of the Miami Dolphins , Carolina Panthers and Oakland Raiders of the NFL and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League Sheets holds the professional football ( NFL and CFL ) number two spot for the most yards gained in a championship game , second only to Timmy Smith who gained 204 yards in Super Bowl XXII on January 31 , 1988 . Sheets gained 197 yards in the 101st Grey Cup surpassing the previous professional football number two spot of 191 yards by NFL Hall of Famer , Marcus Allen in Super Bowl XVIII on January 22 , 1984 . As a result of this achievement as well as scoring two touchdowns in the championship game , Sheets was named 2013 Grey Cup Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Purdue Boilermakers †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers', 'summary': "The Purdue Boilermakers are the official intercollegiate athletics teams representing Purdue University , located in West Lafayette , Indiana . As is common with athletic nicknames , the Boilermakers nickname is also used as colloquial designation of Purdue 's students and alumni at large . The nickname is often shortened to Boilers by fans . Purdue is one of the few college athletic programs that is not funded by student fees or subsidized by the university ."}]}, {'value': 'Released', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Offseason -- Roster changes', 'section_text': 'The following are players signed by the 49ers in the 2009 off-season :', 'uid': '2009_San_Francisco_49ers_season_0', 'intro': "The 2009 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 64th season, 60th in the National Football League, and the first full year with Mike Singletary as head coach after being named interim head coach in 2008. It is the seventh year in which the 49ers have their seventh offensive coordinator. They were looking to improve upon their 7-9 record from 2008 with the 10th overall pick in the 2009 NFL Draft,\n The 49ers started the 2009 season hot by winning three of the first four games. Their only loss in that span was against the Minnesota Vikings on a last-second, 32-yard touchdown from QB Brett Favre to WR Greg Lewis. With that, and a week-5 blowout loss against the Atlanta Falcons, the team got a bad omen for the remainder of the year. The 49ers' defense, led by linebacker Patrick Willis, kept the 49ers in games, while their offense was inconsistent. Most of the blame was due to their weak offensive line, namely, the injury of left tackle Joe Staley in a week 7 game against the Indianapolis Colts. The 49ers won a week 12 home game over the Jacksonville Jaguars, 20-3. The win helped keep the 49ers' season alive. Going into week 13 against the Seattle Seahawks, the 49ers were heavily favored to win the game; however, critical mistakes in the game cost them the win and gave the team a huge blow of any chances of making the playoffs. The following week on Monday Night Football, the 49ers played the Arizona Cardinals, who were trying to clinch the NFC West. The 49ers' defense came out and exploded on the Cardinals top-ranked offense, causing them to turn over the ball 7 times."}
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How many Super Bowl rings does the player signed to the San Francisco 49ers on March 27 , 2009 have ?
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two
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02ec0e4430ad0e0b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carnegie Public Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carnegie_Public_Library_(Havre,_Montana)', 'summary': "The Carnegie Public Library in Havre , Montana is a historic Carnegie library built in 1914 which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . It is in the Classical revival style . It was also known as the Havre Public Library and later as the Old Carnegie Library . In 2017 it is a former library building and is occupied by the Old Library Gallery . Hopes for obtaining Carnegie funds for a library were expressed in the Milk River Eagle newspaper by 1901 . A first library in Havre was started by 50 women who formed a Women 's Club and subscribed for twenty-five cents per month . A room in the Havre Security State Bank was used to lend out its initial 200 donated books . The library moved to the Havre City Hall by 1906 . The Havre Plaindealer newspaper noted that Glasgow , Montana , fifty miles away , successfully built a Carnegie library in 1908 . By 1911 the women 's club and others had lobbied for local tax funding to support a librarian , and the Havre Library Board lobbied the City Council to purchase land at 4th Avenue and 5th Street to build a library . ( Having land and demonstrating community support/ability to maintain a library were requirement for Carnegie funding . ) In 1913 , $ 12,000 funding for construction was approved by Carnegie , and the building was built within a year ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24 , 1986 ( # 86001934 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '447 4th Ave. 48°32′57″N 109°40′35″W / 48.549167°N 109.676389°W / 48.549167 ; -109.676389 ( Carnegie Public Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H. Earl Clack House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H._Earl_Clack_House', 'summary': 'The H. Earl Clack House is a historic house located at 532 Second Avenue in Havre , Montana . It is locally significant as a very good example of a classically-inspired Georgian Revival dwelling . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24 , 1985 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 24 , 1985 ( # 85003385 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '532 2nd Ave. 48°32′54″N 109°40′48″W / 48.548333°N 109.680000°W / 48.548333 ; -109.680000 ( H. Earl Clack House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Assinniboine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Assinniboine', 'summary': "Fort Assinniboine was a United States Army fort located in present-day north central Montana ( historically within the military Department of Dakota ) . It was built in 1879 and operated by the Army through 1911 . The 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers , made up of African-American soldiers , were among the units making up the garrison at the fort . Determining that this fort was no longer needed after the end of the Indian Wars , the US Army closed and abandoned it . In 1916 Congress authorized a reservation for the Rocky Boy 's Band of Chippewa , who were landless . It became known as Rocky Boy 's Indian Reservation , named after the chief who had sought the reservation . A portion of the fort was ceded in 1916 for use as a reservation ; the land extended in both Hill and Chouteau counties . This was intended for landless Chippewa who had been pushed west out of their traditional territory . In the event , landless Cree and Metis , refugees from Canada , also settled at the reservation ."}]}, {'value': 'May 31 , 1989 ( # 89000040 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Route 82nd Ave. West , 0.5 miles southeast of U.S. Route 87 48°29′59″N 109°47′39″W / 48.499722°N 109.794167°W / 48.499722 ; -109.794167 ( Fort Assinniboine )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_87', 'summary': "U.S. Highway 87 ( US 87 ) is a north-south United States highway ( though it is signed east-west in New Mexico ) that runs for 1,998 miles ( 3,215 km ) from northern Montana to southern Texas . Most of the portion from Billings , Montana , to Raton , New Mexico , is co-signed along Interstates 90 and 25 . It is also co-signed along the majority of Interstate 27 in Texas . As of 2004 , the highway 's northern terminus is Havre , Montana , at U.S. Highway 2 . Its southern terminus is Port Lavaca , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre Residential Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre_Residential_Historic_District', 'summary': "The Havre Residential Historic District is a site on the National Register of Historic Places encompassing 36 blocks in Havre , Montana . The Havre Residential Historic District represents Havre 's economic growth and social change from 1895 to the 1940s . Located primarily at the district 's northwestern edge , turn-of-the-century homes of the social and business elite are large residences built in Queen Anne/Colonial Revival and Neo-Colonial styles . Their owners fortunes were made from providing supplies and services to soldiers at nearby Fort Assinniboine , homesteaders , and Great Northern Railway employees . As a railroad division point , Havre became home to white-collar workers who built smaller homes in the district . By 1907 , the Craftsman bungalow was the preferred housing style . These smaller , one- or one-and-a-half-story dwellings reflect the security of the middle class in Montana during the first decades of the twentieth century . Havre 's establishment as Hill County seat in 1912 coincided with the Progressive political movement that sought clean cities with suitable housing for all . Between 1913 and 1917 , the Home Builders Investment Company - created by local Progressives - built more than 100 homes . Post World War I depression dampened construction in the district , but late-1920s railroad expansion caused a housing boom . Homes subsequently built here during the Great Depression utilized lower-cost materials and simpler designs ."}]}, {'value': 'October 5 , 1989 ( # 89001630 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by 3rd St. , 7th Ave. , 11th St. , 5th Ave. , 10th St. , 3rd Ave. , 7th St. , and 1st Ave. 48°32′48″N 109°40′38″W / 48.546667°N 109.677222°W / 48.546667 ; -109.677222 ( Havre Residential Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heltne Oil Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heltne_Oil_Company', 'summary': 'The Heltne Oil Company is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Havre , Montana . It was added to the Register on August 16 , 1984 . It was built in 1939 by the Northwest Refining Company of Cut Bank , Montana and was leased by Danfield Heltne ; the business stayed in the Heltne family through the date of NRHP application . The building is described in its NRHP nomination as an outstanding example of the transitional period of gas station design between the more ornate styling of the early 1930s and the porcelain-enameled oblong box so dominant after the war . It has two-toned decorative brickwork , which , together with ornamental pilasters blend nicely with the more modern and functional aspects of the design . Large windows to display company products and accessories together with more spacious enclosed service bays reflect the changes taking place in the service station industry during the late 1930s . It was deemed significant for its association with automobile travel along US 2 from the late 1930s through the early post-war era , as well as for its architecture .'}]}, {'value': 'August 16 , 1994 ( # 94000865 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '140 1st St. 48°33′14″N 109°40′44″W / 48.553889°N 109.678889°W / 48.553889 ; -109.678889 ( Heltne Oil Company )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiwanis Meeting Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiwanis_Meeting_Hall', 'summary': 'The Kiwanis Meeting Hall , also known as Kiwanis Chapel , is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located near Havre , Montana . It was added to the Register on March 31 , 2010 . The Kiwanis Meeting Hall is within Kiwanis Camp , located in Beaver Creek Park , the largest county-owned park in Montana .'}]}, {'value': 'March 31 , 2010 ( # 10000133 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17863 Beaver Creek Rd . 48°17′32″N 109°39′51″W / 48.292222°N 109.664167°W / 48.292222 ; -109.664167 ( Kiwanis Meeting Hall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Too Close for Comfort Site ( 24HL101 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Too_Close_for_Comfort_Site', 'summary': "The Too Close for Comfort Site is an archaeological site located in Havre , Montana , United States . The area was used as a buffalo jump . The site , also known as Wahkpa Chu'gn has yielded artifacts from three Native American groups . Between 2000-1500 years ago , the site was inhabited by the Besent peoples , followed about 200-300 years later by the Avonlea peoples for a brief period of time , and lastly by the Saddle Butte peoples who were using the site until about 600 years ago . Wahkpa Chu'gn was discovered in 1962 by John Brumley , followed by further excavations in the 1960s and 1970s by the Montana State Archaeological Society and the Milk River Archaeological Society . John Brumley took over the excavations in the late 1970s , and in 1992 he and his wife began managing the site as an extremely experiential non-sterile archaeological site . The site is open to the public , operated by the H. Earl Clack Memorial Museum . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12 , 1974 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 30 , 1974 ( # 74001098 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Behind the Wahkpa Chu'gn Meat Market on U.S. Route 2 48°33′40″N 109°42′55″W / 48.561111°N 109.715278°W / 48.561111 ; -109.715278 ( Too Close for Comfort Site ( 24HL101 ) )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_2', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 2 or U.S. Highway 2 ( US 2 ) is an east-west U.S. Highway spanning 2,571 miles ( 4,138 km ) across the northern continental United States . US 2 consists of two segments connected by various roadways in southern Canada . Unlike some routes , which are disconnected into segments because of encroaching Interstate Highways , the two portions of US 2 were designed to be separate in the original 1926 highway plan . The western segment of US 2 has its western terminus at an interchange with Interstate 5 ( I-5 ) and State Route 529 ( Maple Street ) in Everett , Washington , and its eastern terminus at I-75 in St. Ignace , Michigan . The eastern segment of US 2 has its western terminus at US 11 in Rouses Point , New York and its eastern terminus at I-95 in Houlton , Maine . As its number indicates , it is the northernmost east-west U.S. Route in the country . It is the lowest primary-numbered east-west U.S. Route , whose numbers otherwise end in zero , and was so numbered to avoid a US 0 . Sections of US 2 in New England were once New England Route 15 , part of the New England road marking system .'}]}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Post Office and Courthouse-Havre Main', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse–Havre_Main', 'summary': 'The U.S. Post Office and Courthouse-Havre Main , located in Havre , Montana , was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore in Classical Revival style and was built in 1932 . Also known as Havre Post Office and Courthouse or Havre Main Post Office , it served historically as a courthouse and as a post office . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . As of 2015 , it was purchased by a local family to be their place of residence and is undergoing extensive restoration . Its construction in 1932 was a major local happening , symbolizing assistance of the national government to the local area during the Depression .'}]}, {'value': 'March 14 , 1986 ( # 86000682 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '306 3rd Ave. 48°33′05″N 109°40′42″W / 48.551389°N 109.678333°W / 48.551389 ; -109.678333 ( US Post Office and Courthouse-Havre Main )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young-Almas House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young-Almas_House', 'summary': 'The Young-Almas House is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Havre , Montana . It was designed by local architect Frank Bossuot , following photos taken by Mr. Young of a plantation house in Cuba . It was built in 1914 with masonry and terra cotta roofing by contractor Chris Fuglevand . It has also been known as Eliason Funeral Home , which was housed in an addition . It was added to the Register on October 14 , 1980 . It is a stucco building in the Spanish Revival style .'}]}, {'value': 'October 14 , 1980 ( # 80002421 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '419 4th Ave. 48°32′59″N 109°40′35″W / 48.549722°N 109.676389°W / 48.549722 ; -109.676389 ( Young-Almas House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Havre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Havre,_Montana', 'summary': 'Havre ( /ˈhævər/ HAV-ər ) is the county seat and largest city in Hill County , Montana , in the United States . Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line . It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France . As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Hill County', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana_8', 'intro': "This is a list of properties and historic districts in Montana that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The state's more than 1,100 listings are distributed across all of its 56 counties. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below), may be seen in an online map by clicking on Map of all coordinates."}
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How many blocks does the historical site with date listed # 89001630 encompass ?
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36
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02ed1a0110cad63a
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_of_the_Seattle_School_District', 'title': 'List of schools of the Seattle School District', 'header': ['School', 'Est', 'Location', 'Nickname', "'11-'12 Enrollment"], 'data': [{'value': 'Ballard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballard_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)', 'summary': 'Ballard High School is a high school in Seattle , Washington , United States , located in the Ballard neighborhood .'}]}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballard,_Seattle', 'summary': "Ballard is a neighborhood and former city in northwestern Seattle , Washington , U.S . The City of Seattle 's official boundaries for Ballard define it as bounded to the north by Crown Hill , ( N.W . 85th Street ) , to the east by Greenwood , Phinney Ridge and Fremont ( along 3rd Avenue N.W . ) , to the south by the Lake Washington Ship Canal , and to the west by Puget Sound 's Shilshole Bay . Other neighborhood or district boundaries existed in the past , and other boundaries are recognized by various Seattle City Departments , commercial or social organizations , and other Federal , State , and local government agencies . Ballard 's landmarks include the Ballard Locks , the Nordic Museum , the Shilshole Bay Marina , and Golden Gardens Park . The neighborhood 's main thoroughfares running north-south are Seaview , 32nd , 24th , Leary , 15th , and 8th Avenues N.W . East-west traffic is carried by N.W . Leary Way and N.W . 85th , 80th , 65th , and Market Streets ( east- and westbound ) . The Ballard Bridge carries 15th Avenue over Salmon Bay to the Interbay neighborhood , and the Salmon Bay Bridge carries the BNSF Railway tracks across the bay , west of the Ballard Locks . Ballard is entirely within Seattle City Council District 6 , which also includes all of the neighborhoods Crown Hill , Green Lake , and Phinney Ridge , as well as most of Fremont , North Beach/Blue Ridge , and Wallingford ."}]}, {'value': 'Beavers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,636', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Center School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Center_School_(Seattle)', 'summary': 'The Center School is a small arts and college preparatory public school in Seattle , Washington and is part of Seattle Public Schools . It is located in the Center House , a multi-purpose building on the grounds of the Seattle Center . Because of its unique placement , the Center School is affiliated with several local arts organizations , including the Seattle Repertory Theatre , KCTS and Pacific Northwest Ballet .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lower Queen Anne ( Seattle Center )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Anne,_Seattle', 'summary': "Queen Anne Hill is an affluent neighborhood and geographic feature in Seattle , northwest of downtown . The neighborhood sits on the highest named hill in the city , with a maximum elevation of 456 feet ( 139 m ) . It covers an area of 7.3 square kilometers ( 2.8 sq mi ) , and has a population of about 28,000 . Queen Anne is bordered by Belltown to the south , Lake Union to the east , the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the north and Interbay to the west . The hill became a popular spot for the city 's early economic and cultural elite to build their mansions , and the name derives from the architectural style typical of many of the early homes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Center', 'summary': "Seattle Center is an arts , educational , tourism and entertainment center in Seattle , Washington , United States . Spanning an area of 74 acres ( 30 ha ) , it was originally built for the 1962 World 's Fair . Its landmark feature is the 605-foot ( 184 m ) tall Space Needle , which at the time of its completion was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River . Seattle Center is located just north of Belltown in the Uptown neighborhood ."}]}, {'value': 'Dragons', 'urls': []}, {'value': '278', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Sealth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Sealth_International_High_School', 'summary': 'Chief Sealth International High School ( CSIHS ) is a public high school in the Seattle Public Schools district of Seattle , Washington . Opened in 1957 in southern West Seattle , Chief Sealth students comprise one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse student bodies in Washington State . The school is named for Chief Seattle , a Duwamish chief and a recognized leader amongst the local peoples at the time of the arrival of white settlers in the area . The school shares a campus with Denny International Middle School ( DIMS ) .'}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Seattle,_Seattle', 'summary': "West Seattle is a conglomeration of suburban neighborhoods in Seattle , Washington , United States . It comprises two of the thirteen districts , Delridge and Southwest , and encompasses all of Seattle west of the Duwamish River . It was incorporated as an independent town in 1902 before being annexed by Seattle five years later . Among the area 's attractions are its saltwater beach parks along Elliott Bay and Puget Sound , including Alki Beach Park and Lincoln Park . The area is also known for its views of the Olympic Mountains to the west and the Cascade Range to the east . One-third of Seattle 's green space and urban forest is located in West Seattle , much of it in the West Duwamish Greenbelt ."}]}, {'value': 'Seahawks', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,239', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)', 'summary': 'Cleveland High School , also known as Grover Cleveland High School , is a public secondary school located in Seattle , Washington . It is operated as part of the Seattle Public Schools system and serves the Beacon Hill and Georgetown neighborhoods . The school was established in 1927 and named for President Grover Cleveland , and its building is a designated city landmark .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beacon Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_Seattle', 'summary': "Beacon Hill is a hill and neighborhood in southeast Seattle , Washington . It is roughly bounded on the west by Interstate 5 , on the north by Interstate 90 , on the east by Rainier Avenue South , Cheasty Boulevard South , and Martin Luther King Junior Way South , and on the south by the Seattle city boundary . It is part of Seattle 's South End . The neighborhood has a major population of Asian Americans and African Americans and is among the most racially diverse in Seattle . It was formerly home to the world headquarters of Amazon.com ( at the Pacific Tower ) and present home to the Seattle Division of the Department of Veterans Affairs ' Puget Sound Health Care System ."}]}, {'value': 'Eagles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '822', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)', 'summary': 'Franklin High School is a public high school in the northwest United States , located in Seattle , Washington , and administered by Seattle Public Schools . As of the 2014-15 school year , the school had an enrollment of 1,315 students and 65.1 classroom teachers ( on an FTE basis ) , for a student-teacher ratio of 20.2:1 . There were 676 students ( 51.4% of enrollment ) eligible for free lunch and 206 ( 15.7% of students ) eligible for reduced-cost lunch .'}]}, {'value': '1912', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Baker,_Seattle', 'summary': "Mount Baker is a neighborhood in southeast Seattle . The neighborhood 's name comes from the view of Mount Baker in Whatcom County , that is seen by looking north over Lake Washington . It is bounded by Lake Washington to the east , Interstate 90 and then Leschi to the north , Rainier Valley to the west , and Columbia City to the south . The neighborhood has a community club and a rowing team . It hosts Seattle 's annual Seafair , which includes an airshow featuring the U.S. Navy Blue Angels , hydroplane races , a fireworks show , and other festivities . Franklin High School and Garfield High School serve this area . It is part of Seattle 's South End ."}]}, {'value': 'Quakers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,415', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garfield_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)', 'summary': "James A. Garfield High School is a public high school in the Seattle Public Schools district of Seattle , Washington , United States . Located along 23rd Avenue between E. Alder and E. Jefferson Streets in Seattle 's urban Central District , Garfield draws students from all over the city . Garfield is also one of two options for the district 's Highly Capable Cohort for academically highly gifted students , with the other being Ingraham International School . As a result , it has many college-level classes available ranging from calculus-based physics to Advanced Placement ( AP ) studio art ."}]}, {'value': '1920', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Central District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_District,_Seattle', 'summary': "The Central Area , commonly called the Central District or CD , is a mostly residential district in Seattle located east of First Hill ( 12th Avenue and Rainier Avenue ) ; west of Madrona , Leschi and Mt . Baker ; south of Capitol Hill , and north of Rainier Valley . Historically , the Central District has been one of Seattle 's most racially and ethnically diverse neighborhoods , and was once the center of Seattle 's black community and a major hub of African-American businesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Bulldogs', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_College_High_School_(Seattle)', 'summary': 'Middle College High School is a high school in Seattle , Washington . Established on January 30 , 1990 , the main goal of Middle College High School is to give underserved and underrepresented students a second chance at earning their high school diploma . Middle College High School had four locations in Seattle but the school district shut down High Point School for Social Justice in the summer of 2015 :'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '121', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathan Hale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Hale_High_School_(Washington)', 'summary': 'Nathan Hale High School is a public high school in Seattle , Washington , United States , operated by Seattle Public Schools . It was a member of the Coalition of Essential Schools and uses a project-based learning curriculum .'}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meadowbrook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meadowbrook,_Seattle', 'summary': 'Meadowbrook is a neighborhood in the Lake City district ( township annexed in 1954 ) of Seattle , Washington . Meadowbrook is centered on open fields adjacent to the Community Center , Meadowbrook swimming pool , and Nathan Hale High School . It is bounded on the south by NE 95th Street and the Wedgwood neighborhood , on the north by NE 120th Street and Cedar Park , on the west by Lake City Way NE ( State Route 522-SR 522 ) and Victory Heights. , and on the east by 35th Avenue NE and Matthews Beach . The neighborhood is almost entirely residential . There are no commercial strips , though there are some small restaurants and other businesses . The area is served by a number of public schools , including John Rogers Elementary , Jane Addams Middle School , and Nathan Hale High School .'}]}, {'value': 'Raiders', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,129', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ingraham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ingraham_High_School', 'summary': "Ingraham International School is a public high school , serving grades 9-12 in the Haller Lake neighborhood of Seattle , Washington . Opened in 1959 , the school is named after Edward Sturgis Ingraham , the first superintendent of the Seattle Public Schools . Since 2002 , Ingraham has been an International Baccalaureate school , and also offers programs such as the Academy of Information Technology . Ingraham is one of several Seattle high schools offering an International Baccalaureate diploma and classes for high school students in 11th and 12th grades . Since the 2011 school year , Ingraham has also offered an accelerated model of the International Baccalaureate program ( IBx ) , modeled on a similar program in Bellevue School District , allowing students in Seattle Public Schools ' highly capable cohort ( formerly Accelerated Progress Program ) . The IBx program was established to provide an alternative to the normal routing to Garfield High School , for the highly capable students . In 2013 , Ingraham officially became an International Pathway school , continuing the immersion languages of Spanish and Japanese from Hamilton International Middle School , along with John Stanford and Mcdonald International Schools . Ingraham was recently honored as a Newsweek magazine Top High School . On May 10 , 2011 , Seattle Schools Interim Superintendent Susan Enfield fired Principal Martin Floe . A week later , on May 18 , after a series of protests , Enfield reversed her decision and Floe was reinstated ."}]}, {'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haller Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haller_Lake,_Seattle', 'summary': "Haller Lake is a small lake and neighborhood in north central Seattle , Washington , US , named for Theodore N. Haller , who platted the neighborhood in 1905 . His father , Granville O. Haller , was one of Seattle 's early settlers , an army officer who amassed a large estate in the region . The Duwamish tribe called the lake Calmed Down a Little ( Lushootseed : seesáhLtub ) , probably referring to the lake site as a place of refuge during slave raids . Early settlers called it Welch Lake after it was claimed in the 1880s by a British immigrant named John Welch . The lake is located between N. 128th Street to the north , N. 122nd Street to the south , Densmore Avenue N. to the west , and Corliss Avenue N. to the east . It covers 15 acres ( 6.1 ha ) ; its volume is 247 acre⋅ft ( 305,000 cubic metres ) and its maximum depth is 36 feet ( 11 m ) . Its shoreline is private except for two public access points , the Meridian Avenue N. right-of-way on the north shore and the N. 125th Street right-of-way on the west . Haller Lake , which has a drainage area of about 280 acres ( 110 ha ) , discharges through an outlet control structure on the west side of the lake that drains to Lake Union . The boundaries of the neighborhood are N. 145th Street to the north , beyond which is the city of Shoreline ; N. Northgate Way to the south , beyond which is Licton Springs ; State Route 99 ( Aurora Avenue ) to the west , beyond which is Bitter Lake ; and Interstate 5 to the east , beyond which is Jackson Park . Within the neighborhood are Northacres Park , a large , forested public park east of the lake on 1st Avenue N.E . ; Ingraham High School , north of the lake on N. 130th Street ; Lakeside School , alma mater of Microsoft founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen , actor Adam West , and former Washington Governor Booth Gardner , in the northeast corner of the neighborhood ; and Northwest Hospital & Medical Center , which occupies a 33-acre ( 13 ha ) campus southwest of the lake on N. 115th Street . The Haller Lake Community Club , just northwest of the lake at 12579 Densmore Avenue N. , was formed in 1922 as the Haller Lake Improvement Club ."}]}, {'value': 'Rams', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,029', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Nova_Project', 'summary': 'The Nova Project , also known as Nova , is a small public alternative high school in Seattle , Washington , operated by the Seattle Public School District . Its goal is to be a democratically governed learning community of broadly educated , creative , and independent thinkers who work collaboratively and demonstrate a high degree of individual responsibility .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Capitol Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capitol_Hill_(Seattle)', 'summary': "Capitol Hill is a densely populated residential district in Seattle , Washington , United States . It is one of the city 's most prominent nightlife and entertainment districts and is the center of the city 's LGBT and counterculture communities ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '345', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rainier Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rainier_Beach_High_School', 'summary': 'Rainier Beach High School is a public secondary school ( grades 9-12 ) in the Seattle Public Schools system . It is located in the Rainier Beach area , in the southeastern part of the city of Seattle , Washington , United States . The school historically has had a strong emphasis on team sports , and many championship teams . The building has a capacity of 1,200 students , but enrollment has declined greatly in recent years . In 2006 , 1,302 of the 1,600 high school students living in the Rainier Beach neighborhood traveled out of the area each morning to attend other high schools . In 2008-09 , Rainier Beach began the year with 453 students and ended with about 295 , giving an average monthly enrollment of 374 . Sixty students chose it as their first choice . In 2013 the school began offering an International Baccalaureate program .'}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rainier Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rainier_Beach,_Seattle', 'summary': 'Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle , Washington that are mostly residential . Also called Atlantic City , Rainier Beach can include Dunlap , Pritchard Island , and Rainier View neighborhoods . The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington . Its primary arterials are Rainier and Renton Avenues South ( northwest- and southeast-bound ) . Neighborhood boundaries are informal and sometimes overlapping in Seattle ; formal designations have not existed since 1910 . Rainier Beach blends with the Rainier Valley neighborhood of Dunlap ( also called Othello ) on the north . On the east is Lake Washington , and the South Beacon Hill neighborhood lies to the west . South of Rainier Beach is Rainier View , bounded by South Bangor Street on the north and the city boundary on its south , east , and west . The Lakeridge and Skyway neighborhoods of unincorporated King County lie to the southeast and southwest , respectively , of Rainier View . The city of Tukwila abuts Rainier View on the west .'}]}, {'value': 'Vikings', 'urls': []}, {'value': '448', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roosevelt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Seattle,_Washington)', 'summary': 'Roosevelt High School ( RHS ) is a public secondary school located in the Roosevelt neighborhood of Seattle , Washington . Opened in 1922 to relieve overcrowding at Lincoln High School , it ranks as the second-largest high school in Seattle Public Schools . NPR described RHS as an above-average school in a below-average school district based on test scores in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roosevelt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roosevelt,_Seattle', 'summary': "Roosevelt is a neighborhood in north Seattle , Washington . Its main thoroughfare , originally 10th Avenue , was renamed Roosevelt Way upon Theodore Roosevelt 's death in 1919 . The neighborhood received the name as the result of a Community Club contest held eight years later , in 1927 . Roosevelt 's principal and minor arterials are the one-way pair Roosevelt Way ( southbound ) and 12th Avenue NE ( northbound ) , Lake City Way ( SR 522 ) and 15th Avenue NE , and NE 65th and 75th Streets . City streets are laid out and designated in a pattern ; see street layout of Seattle , directionals . The boundaries of the neighborhood are Interstate 5 to the west , beyond which lies Green Lake ; NE Ravenna Boulevard and NE 60th Street to the south , beyond which is the University District ; 15th Avenue NE to the east , beyond which is Ravenna ; and Lake City Way ( SR 522 ) to the north , beyond which lies Maple Leaf , ( map ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Rough Riders', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,742', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Lake_High_School_(Seattle)', 'summary': 'South Lake High School is a public secondary school located in the Rainier Beach neighborhood of Seattle , Washington . South Lake High School is an alternative high school for students suspended or expelled from other schools , teenage parents or students who prefer smaller schools .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rainier Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rainier_Beach,_Seattle', 'summary': 'Rainier Beach is a set of neighborhoods in Seattle , Washington that are mostly residential . Also called Atlantic City , Rainier Beach can include Dunlap , Pritchard Island , and Rainier View neighborhoods . The neighborhood is located in the far southeastern corner of the city along Lake Washington . Its primary arterials are Rainier and Renton Avenues South ( northwest- and southeast-bound ) . Neighborhood boundaries are informal and sometimes overlapping in Seattle ; formal designations have not existed since 1910 . Rainier Beach blends with the Rainier Valley neighborhood of Dunlap ( also called Othello ) on the north . On the east is Lake Washington , and the South Beacon Hill neighborhood lies to the west . South of Rainier Beach is Rainier View , bounded by South Bangor Street on the north and the city boundary on its south , east , and west . The Lakeridge and Skyway neighborhoods of unincorporated King County lie to the southeast and southwest , respectively , of Rainier View . The city of Tukwila abuts Rainier View on the west .'}]}, {'value': 'Blue Sharks', 'urls': []}, {'value': '143', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Seattle_High_School', 'summary': "West Seattle High School ( known to students as Westside ) is a comprehensive public high school in Seattle 's West Seattle neighborhood that serves grades nine through twelve as part of the Seattle School District ."}]}, {'value': '1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Seattle,_Seattle', 'summary': "West Seattle is a conglomeration of suburban neighborhoods in Seattle , Washington , United States . It comprises two of the thirteen districts , Delridge and Southwest , and encompasses all of Seattle west of the Duwamish River . It was incorporated as an independent town in 1902 before being annexed by Seattle five years later . Among the area 's attractions are its saltwater beach parks along Elliott Bay and Puget Sound , including Alki Beach Park and Lincoln Park . The area is also known for its views of the Olympic Mountains to the west and the Cascade Range to the east . One-third of Seattle 's green space and urban forest is located in West Seattle , much of it in the West Duwamish Greenbelt ."}]}, {'value': 'Wildcats', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,361', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current Schools -- High Schools , Grades 9–12', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_schools_of_the_Seattle_School_District_3', 'intro': 'This is the list of schools within the Seattle Public Schools school district. Seattle Public Schools operates elementary schools, K-8 schools, middle schools serving grades 6-8, high schools, and Alternative schools and special programs. The tables below provide data on the demographics of students in Seattle Public Schools. All data is obtained from the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) of Washington state and is from October 2007.'}
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What is the school whose location was incorporated as an independent town in 1902 ?
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Chief Sealth
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02ed3fea2b97368b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials', 'title': 'List of Christmas television specials', 'header': ['Series', 'Episode', 'Year', 'Channel'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aggretsuko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aggretsuko', 'summary': 'Aggretsuko , also known by its original Japanese title Aggressive Retsuko ( Japanese : アグレッシブ烈子 , Hepburn : Aguresshibu Retsuko ) , is a Japanese anime musical comedy franchise based on the eponymous character created by Yeti for the mascot company Sanrio . The character first appeared in a series of animated shorts by Fanworks which aired on TBS Television ( Tokyo Broadcasting System Television ) between April 2016 and March 2018 . An original net animation ( ONA ) anime series adaptation was launched worldwide on Netflix in April 2018 . A second season premiered in June 2019 . In August 2019 , Netflix renewed the series for a third season . Courtesy of Oni Press , a comic book series is currently in production by Daniel Barnes and D.J . Kirkland . The first issue releases on February 5 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'We Wish You a Metal Christmas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netflix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netflix', 'summary': "Netflix , Inc. ( /ˈnɛtflɪks/ ) is an American media-services provider and production company headquartered in Los Gatos , California , founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley , California . The company 's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television programs , including those produced in-house . As of April 2019 , Netflix had over 148 million paid subscriptions worldwide , including 60 million in the United States , and over 154 million subscriptions total including free trials.Although Netflix has decided to end its free one-month trial offer for maximum countries on February 2020 . It is available worldwide except in mainland China ( due to local restrictions ) , Syria , North Korea , and Crimea ( due to U.S. sanctions ) . The company also has offices in the Netherlands , Brazil , India , Japan , and South Korea . Netflix is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . Netflix 's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail , but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company 's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business . Netflix expanded its business in 2010 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business . The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada , followed by Latin America and the Caribbean . Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2012 , debuting its first series Lilyhammer . Since 2012 , Netflix has taken more of an active role as producer and distributor for both film and television series , and to that end , it offers a variety of Netflix Original content through its online library . By January 2016 , Netflix services operated in more than 190 countries ."}]}, {'value': 'Astro Boy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astro_Boy_(1980_TV_series)', 'summary': "Astro Boy ( 鉄腕アトム , Tetsuwan Atomu , lit . Mighty Atom ) , sometimes referred to as New Mighty Atom ( 新・鉄腕アトム , Shin Tetsuwan Atomu ) , is a color remake of the 1960s anime black-and-white series of the same name ( s ) ; both series are adapted from the manga series by Osamu Tezuka . This series places more focus on Astro 's robotic abilities and has a darker story line than previous incarnations of the series . The series ran for 52 color episodes ( edited down to 51 color episodes for the English versions ) ."}]}, {'value': 'The Light Ray Robot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nippon_Television', 'summary': "Nippon Television Network Corporation ( 日本テレビ放送網株式会社 , Nippon Terebi Hōsōmō Kabushiki-gaisha ) , doing business as Nippon TV ( 日本テレビ , Nihon Terebi , stylized as NIPP日N TV ) , is a television network based in the Shiodome area of Minato , Tokyo , Japan and is owned by The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings , Japan 's largest media conglomerate . Broadcasting terrestrially across Japan , the network is sometimes contracted to Nittere ( 日テレ ) , and abbreviated as NTV or AX ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobobo-bo_Bo-bobo', 'summary': 'Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo ( Japanese : ボボボーボ・ボーボボ , Hepburn : Bobobōbo Bōbobo ) is a Japanese comedy manga series written and illustrated by Yoshio Sawai . It was published by Shueisha Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from March 2001 to November 2005 . It was followed by a sequel titled Shinsetsu Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo , serialized from December 2005 to July 2007 . A 76-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Toei Animation was broadcast from November 2003 to October 2005 . In North America , Viz Media published some volumes of the manga . The anime series aired on Cartoon Network from 2005 to 2007 .'}]}, {'value': "Let 's Get Wiggy With It", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Cyborg 009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyborg_009', 'summary': "Cyborg 009 ( Japanese : サイボーグゼロゼロナイン , Hepburn : Saibōgu Zero-Zero-Nain ) is a manga created by Shotaro Ishinomori . It was serialized in many different Japanese magazines , including Monthly Shōnen King , Weekly Shōnen Magazine , Shōnen Big Comic , COM , Shōjo Comic , Weekly Shōnen Sunday , Monthly Shōnen Jump , and Monthly Comic Nora . In 2012 , comiXology acquired the digital distribution rights to Shotaro Ishinomori 's catalogue , including Cyborg 009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Christmas Eve Mirage', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Tokyo', 'summary': 'TV Tokyo Corporation ( or TX ) ( 株式会社テレビ東京 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Tōkyō ) TYO : 9413 is a television station headquartered in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan majorly controlled by Nikkei , Inc. Also known as Teleto ( テレ東 , Teretō ) , a blend of terebi and Tokyo , it is the flagship station of TX Network . It is one of the major Tokyo television stations , particularly specializing in anime .'}]}, {'value': 'Fairy Tail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairy_Tail', 'summary': "Fairy Tail ( Japanese : フェアリーテイル , Hepburn : Fearī Teiru ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiro Mashima . It was serialized in Kodansha 's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from August 2 , 2006 to July 26 , 2017 , with the individual chapters collected and published into 63 tankōbon volumes . The story follows the adventures of Natsu Dragneel , a member of the popular wizard guild Fairy Tail , as he searches the fictional world of Earth-land for the dragon Igneel . The manga has been adapted into an anime series produced by A-1 Pictures , Dentsu Inc. , Satelight , Bridge , and CloverWorks which began broadcasting in Japan on October 12 , 2009 . Additionally , A-1 Pictures has developed nine original video animations and two animated feature films . The series ended its initial run on March 30 , 2013 . A second series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5 , 2014 , and ended on March 26 , 2016 . A third and final series aired from October 7 , 2018 to September 29 , 2019 . The series has also inspired numerous spin-off manga , including a sequel storyboarded by Mashima , titled Fairy Tail : 100 Years Quest , which launched on July 25 , 2018 . The manga series was originally licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga , which began releasing the individual volumes on March 25 , 2008 and ended its licensing with the 12th volume release in September 2010 . In December 2010 , Kodansha USA took over the North American release of the series . The Southeast Asian network Animax Asia aired an English-language version of the anime for seven seasons from 2010 to 2015 ."}]}, {'value': "Fairies 's Christmas", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flint the Time Detective', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flint_the_Time_Detective', 'summary': 'Flint the Time Detective , known in Japan as Jikū Tantei Genshi-kun ( 時空探偵ゲンシクン , Space-Time Detective Genshi-kun ) , is an animated Japanese television series directed by Hiroshi Fukutomi . It was based on a manga by Hideki Sonoda and Akira Yamauchi and was published by Bros. Comics in Japan . A second manga by Bom Bom Comics was also produced and was released as a special promo for the anime . The anime aired from 1998 to 1999 in Japan and ran for 39 episodes . In the US , Flint the Time Detective aired from 5 March to 5 November 2000 on Fox Kids . The series also aired in the Philippines via GMA 7 and dubbed in Filipino language which runs from late 2000 until mid-2001 . Sanrio , the company perhaps best known for creating Hello Kitty , holds the license to Flint the Time Detective in Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Cavemen 's Christmas", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hayate no Gotoku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hayate_no_Gotoku', 'summary': "Hayate the Combat Butler ( Japanese : ハヤテのごとく ! , Hepburn : Hayate no Gotoku ! , lit . Like a Gale ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kenjiro Hata . It was serialized in Shogakukan 's Weekly Shōnen Sunday magazine from October 2004 to April 2017 . Shogakukan released 52 volumes in Japan from February 2005 to June 2017 . Viz Media publishes an English edition in North America . The manga is about a boy who starts a new job as a butler and the events he experiences with his employer . The style of the manga has a comedic gag with a slight harem feel and constantly breaks the fourth wall . The series includes numerous references to other anime , manga , video games , and popular culture . A 52-episode anime adaptation of the manga by SynergySP aired between April 2007 and March 2008 on TV Tokyo . A second , 25-episode anime season by J.C.Staff aired between April and September 2009 . Bandai Entertainment licensed the first anime series in 2008 , but the series went out of print in 2012 . An anime film adaption produced by Manglobe was released in August 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'In English , Unmei Means Destiny', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeanie with Light Brown Hair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeanie_with_the_Light_Brown_Hair_(anime)', 'summary': 'The Girl in the Wind : Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair ( 風の中の少女 金髪のジェニー , Kaze no Naka no Shōjo : Kinpatsu no Jenī ) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Nippon Animation which ran for 52 episodes on TV Tokyo in 1992-1993 . It is based on the 1854 song Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair by Stephen Foster .'}]}, {'value': 'Alone on Christmas Eve', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyouran Kazoku Nikki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyouran_Kazoku_Nikki', 'summary': 'A thousand years ago , Enka ( 閻禍 ) , the god of destruction , died saying that its child would destroy the world . In order to prevent this , the Great Japanese Empire Paranormal Phenomena Bureau of Measures begins Operation Cozy Family ( なごやか家族作戦 , Nagoyaka Kazoku Sakusen ) ( code name : code-Olympus ) . The family is composed of Ōka Midarezaki , an official of the Bureau , and Kyōka Midarezaki , a self-proclaimed goddess , as parents ; the children , human and otherwise , are the candidates - all potentially the prophesied Child of Enka . The goal of the operation is to discern which child the prophecy applies to , as well as to teach him or her about the love of family in hopes of convincing him or her to not destroy the world . The story focuses on the mishaps and adventures that the ad hoc family experiences together .'}]}, {'value': 'Black Santa is Sleepless in the Night', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Love Hina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Love_Hina', 'summary': 'Love Hina ( Japanese : ラブ ひな , Hepburn : Rabu Hina ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ken Akamatsu . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Magazine from October 21 , 1998 to October 31 , 2001 , with the chapters collected into 14 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha . The series tells the story of Keitarō Urashima and his attempts to find the girl with whom he made a childhood promise to enter the University of Tokyo . The manga was licensed for an English-language release in North America and the United Kingdom by Tokyopop , in Australia by Madman Entertainment , and in Singapore by Chuang Yi . Two novelizations of Love Hina , written by two anime series screenwriters , were also released in Japan by Kodansha . Both novels were later released in North America and the United Kingdom by Tokyopop . A twenty-four episode anime adaptation of the manga series , produced by Xebec , aired in Japan from April 19 , 2000 , to September 27 , 2000 . It was followed by a bonus DVD episode , Christmas and Spring television specials , and a three episode original video animation ( OVA ) entitled Love Hina Again . The anime series , special , and OVA were licensed for release in North America by Bandai Entertainment . In July 2007 , the license was acquired by Funimation , who released a boxset of the television series in February 2009 . The series is also licensed in Australia by Madman Entertainment and in the United Kingdom by MVM Films . The series has proved extremely popular around the world , both commercially and critically .'}]}, {'value': 'Love Hina Christmas Special - Silent Eve', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magical Princess Minky Momo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magical_Princess_Minky_Momo', 'summary': "Magical Princess Minky Momo ( 魔法のプリンセス ミンキー モモ , Mahō no Purinsesu Minkī Momo ) is a Japanese magical-girl anime franchise by Ashi Productions . The original series ran between 1982 and 1983 on TV Tokyo and inspired three OVAs between 1985 and 1987 . A second television series , titled Magical Princess Minky Momo : Hold on to Your Dreams ( 魔法のプリンセス ミンキーモモ 夢を抱きしめて , Mahō no Purinsesu Minkī Momo Yume wo Dakishimete ) , ran on NTV between 1991 and 1992 , and like the original , it spawned home video follow-ups . A third Momo series began in 2004 , this time as a manga known as Miracle Dream Minky Momo ( みらくる・ドリーム ミンキーモモ , Mirakuru Dorīmu Minkī Momo ) in Shogakukan 's Shōgaku Ninensei magazine . In 2006 , series writer Takeshi Shudo expressed interest in making a third Momo anime series . In 2009 , Reed announced a new Momo production , but it has yet to surface , likely due to Shudo 's passing in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Please Santa Claus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Tokyo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ranma ½', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ranma_½', 'summary': 'Ranma ½ ( Japanese : らんま 1/2 , Hepburn : Ranma Nibun-no-Ichi , pronounced Ranma One-Half ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 1987 to March 1996 , with the chapters collected into 38 tankōbon volumes by Shogakukan . The story revolves around a teenage boy named Ranma Saotome who has trained in martial arts since early childhood . As a result of an accident during a training journey , he is cursed to become a girl when splashed with cold water , while hot water changes him back into a boy . Throughout the series Ranma seeks out a way to rid himself of his curse , while his friends , enemies and many fiancées constantly hinder and interfere . Ranma ½ has a comedic formula and a sex-changing main character , who often willfully transforms into a girl to advance his goals . The series also contains many other characters , whose intricate relationships with each other , unusual characteristics , and eccentric personalities drive most of the stories . Although the characters and their relationships are complicated , they rarely change once they are firmly introduced and settled into the series . The manga has been adapted into two anime series created by Studio Deen : Ranma ½ and Ranma ½ Nettōhen ( らんま1/2熱闘編 ) , which together were broadcast on Fuji Television from 1989 to 1992 . In addition , they developed 12 original video animations and three films . In 2011 , a live-action television special was produced and aired on Nippon Television . The manga and anime series were licensed by Viz Media for English-language releases in North America .'}]}, {'value': 'Tendo Family Christmas Scramble', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fuji_TV', 'summary': "Fuji Television Network , Inc. ( 株式会社フジテレビジョン , Kabushiki gaisha Fuji Terebijon ) is a Japanese television station based in Odaiba , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , also known as Fuji TV ( フジテレビ , Fuji Terebi ) or CX , based on the station 's call sign JOCX-DTV . It is the flagship station of the Fuji News Network ( FNN ) and the Fuji Network System . It is also known for its long-time slogan , If it 's not fun , it 's not TV ! [ a ] Fuji Television also operates three premium television stations , known as Fuji TV One ( Fuji TV 739 - sports/variety ) , Fuji TV Two ( Fuji TV 721 - drama/anime ) , and Fuji TV Next ( Fuji TV CSHD - live premium shows ) ( called together as Fuji TV OneTwoNext ) , all available in high-definition . Fuji Television is owned by Fuji Media Holdings , Inc. ( 株式会社フジ・メディア・ホールディングス , Kabushiki-gaisha Fuji Media Hōrudingusu ) and affiliated with the Fujisankei Communications Group . The current Fuji Television was established in 2008 . Fuji Media Holdings is the former Fuji Television founded in 1957 ."}]}, {'value': 'Science Ninja Team Gatchaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Science_Ninja_Team_Gatchaman', 'summary': "Science Ninja Team Gatchaman ( 科学忍者隊ガッチャマン , Kagaku Ninja Tai Gatchaman , lit . Science Ninja Squad Gatchaman ) is a Japanese animated franchise about a five-member superhero team created by Tatsuo Yoshida and produced by Tatsunoko Productions . The original anime series , which debuted in 1972 , was eponymously entitled Kagaku Ninja Tai Gatchaman and is best known in the English-speaking world as the adaptation entitled Battle of the Planets ( 1978 ) . The series had additional English adaptations with G-Force : Guardians of Space ( 1986 ) and ADV Films ' uncut 2005 release . Tatsunoko also uses the official translation Science Commando Gatchaman in related products and media . The original Kagaku Ninja Tai Gatchaman series was followed by an animated film and two direct sequel series , Gatchaman II ( 1978 ) and Gatchaman Fighter ( 1979 ) . During the 1990s , episodes from both series were dubbed into English by Saban as Eagle Riders . In the years since , the franchise has spawned many different productions , some that were left unproduced or evolved significantly from its development . This includes a 1994 original animated video remake , a cancelled 2011 animated film reboot by Imagi Animation Studios , a 2013 Japanese live-action film reboot by Nikkatsu Studios , various spinoffs , re-imaginings , and merchandise ."}]}, {'value': 'A Christmas Present of Death', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toriko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toriko', 'summary': 'Toriko ( トリコ ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 19 , 2008 to November 21 , 2016 , with the chapters collected into 43 tankōbon volumes by Shueisha . It follows the adventures of Toriko , a Gourmet Hunter , as he searches for rare , diverse foods to complete a full-course meal . On his journey , he is accompanied by a timid chef who wants to improve his skills . A short film was created by Ufotable for the Jump Super Anime Tour 2009 , with another created for the 2010 tour . The manga has also been adapted into an anime television series produced by Toei Animation , which was broadcast in Japan from 2011 to 2014 . Additionally , Toei developed a 2011 animated 3D short film and a 2013 feature film . The manga series has been licensed for an English-language release by Viz Media in North America and Madman Entertainment in Australasia . Madman also licensed the anime series in Australasia , while Funimation licensed it in North America . In June 2014 , Shueisha announced in volume 29 of Toriko that the series had more than 20 million volumes in print .'}]}, {'value': "Merry Feasttmas ! Gourmet Santa 's Present !", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fuji TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wallflower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wallflower_(manga)', 'summary': 'The Wallflower ( Japanese : ヤマトナデシコ七変化 , Hepburn : Yamato nadeshiko Shichi Henge , lit . Perfect Girl Evolution ) is a manga series written by Tomoko Hayakawa . The individual chapters have been serialized in Bessatsu Friend since 2000 , and in 36 tankōbon volumes in Japan by Kodansha . The series was licensed for an English language release in North America by Del Rey Manga and in Singapore by Chuang Yi , under the name My Fair Lady . The series ended in January 2015 after 36 volumes . Nippon Animation adapted part of the manga series into a twenty-five episode anime series which aired on TV Tokyo and TV Aichi from October 3 , 2006 through March 27 , 2007 . The anime adaptation has been licensed for Region 1 release by A.D . Vision , who paid $ 500,000 . In 2008 , The WallFlower became one of over 30 ADV titles whose North American rights were transferred to Funimation Entertainment .'}]}, {'value': 'Oh , My Sweet Home !', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vandread', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vandread', 'summary': 'Vandread ( ヴァンドレッド , Vandoreddo ) is a Japanese anime mecha space opera series directed by Takeshi Mori and created by the animation studios Gonzo and Media Factory . The series is composed of two seasons ( Vandread , released in 2000 and Vandread : The Second Stage , released in 2001 ) , each composed of thirteen episodes of twenty-five minutes . The first series is summarized in the Vandread Taidōhen ( Integral ) OVA in 2001 , and the second in the Vandread Gekitōhen ( Turbulence ) OVA , released in 2002 . There is a Vandread Extra Stage Novel , that explains the events after Vandread : The Second Stage . Along with acquiring the licenses for the two original series from Geneon , Funimation also licensed the two OVAs .'}]}, {'value': 'White Love', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Japan -- Anime', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Christmas_television_specials_14', 'intro': 'The following is a list of Christmas television specials and miniseries, as well as Christmas-themed episodes of regular television series.'}
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Which channel airs the series that is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro ?
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Fuji TV
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02eeb0dfbdb7e872
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Major_League_Soccer_season', 'title': '2011 Major League Soccer season', 'header': ['Team', 'Head Coach', 'Captain', 'Kit manufacturer', 'Shirt sponsor'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chicago Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Soccer_Club', 'summary': "Chicago Fire Football Club is an American professional soccer franchise based in Chicago , Illinois . The team competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference , having moved to the conference in 2002 . The franchise is named after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , and was founded as the Chicago Fire Soccer Club on October 8 , 1997 , the event 's 126th anniversary . The team began play in 1998 as one of the league 's first expansion teams . The Fire won the MLS Cup as well as the U.S. Open Cup ( the double ) in their first season in 1998 . They also won U.S. Open Cups in 2000 , 2003 , and 2006 , in addition to the 2003 MLS Supporters ' Shield . In 2015 , the club won the first ever MLS Wooden Spoon , and repeated the feat in 2016 . The Fire maintains an extensive development system , consisting of the Chicago Fire Development Academy and the Chicago Fire Juniors youth organization . They also operate the Chicago Fire Foundation , the team 's community-based charitable division . The Fire 's home stadium is Soldier Field ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Klopas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Klopas', 'summary': 'Fotios Frank Klopas ( Greek : Φώτιος « Φρανκ » Κλόπας ; born September 1 , 1966 ) is a retired American soccer forward . Following his retirement , he served as a color commentator for the Chicago Fire before later working as a front office executive and manager for both the Fire and Montreal Impact .'}]}, {'value': 'Logan Pause', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Logan_Pause', 'summary': 'Logan Pause ( born August 22 , 1981 ) is a coach and a former soccer player who spent his entire twelve-year professional career with the Chicago Fire in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chivas USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chivas_USA', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Chivas USA was an American professional soccer team based in Carson , California , a suburb of Los Angeles . The club played from 2005 to 2014 in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and was a subsidiary of Mexican club C.D . Guadalajara , sharing common ownership and branding . The club was the eleventh MLS team upon its entry into the league in 2004 . Chivas USA was intended to be seen as a little brother to its parent club C.D . Guadalajara , one of the most widely supported and successful teams in Mexico . Chiva is Latin American Spanish for goat , seen as a tough and resilient animal in Mexico , and is the nickname of C.D . Guadalajara . Chivas USA played its home games at the StubHub Center in Carson , which it shared with its rival , the LA Galaxy . The club was originally owned by Antonio Cue and Jorge Vergara , who also owns C.D . Guadalajara . In 2014 , MLS purchased the club from Vergara with plans to sell to new owners .'}]}, {'value': 'Robin Fraser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Fraser', 'summary': "Robin Fraser ( born December 17 , 1966 ) is an American soccer coach and former player . He is currently the head coach of Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . Fraser was formerly an assistant coach for Real Salt Lake , New York Red Bulls , and Toronto FC , and was the head coach of Chivas USA for two seasons . Fraser played six seasons in the American Professional Soccer League and ten in Major League Soccer . He earned 27 caps with the United States men 's national soccer team between 1988 and 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Simon Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simon_Elliott', 'summary': 'Simon John Elliott ( born 10 June 1974 in Wellington ) is a retired New Zealand International footballer who most recently served as head coach of USL Championship side Sacramento Republic FC .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corona_(beer)', 'summary': 'Corona Extra ( stylized as Corona . Extra ) is a pale lager produced by Cervecería Modelo in Mexico for domestic distribution and export to all other countries besides the United States , and by Constellation Brands in Mexico for export to the United States . The Corona brand is one of the top-selling beers worldwide . Outside Mexico , Corona is commonly served with a wedge of lime or lemon in the neck of the bottle to add tartness and flavor . In the US , Corona Extra is the top-selling imported drink .'}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Rapids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Rapids', 'summary': "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Smith_(footballer,_born_1968)', 'summary': "Gary Neil Smith ( born 3 December 1968 ) is an English former footballer . He is currently Head Coach of Nashville SC in the USL Championship , the second tier in the US soccer pyramid . He will also serve as Head Coach for Nashville SC in the club 's inaugural season in Major League Soccer , beginning in March 2020 . Smith 's playing career began at Fulham , progressing through the youth team before making one first-team appearance for the club . After a brief spell with Colchester United , Smith joined non-league side Enfield in 1989 . His most successful spell during his playing days was at Wycombe Wanderers , spending two seasons with the club . After a season with Welling United , Smith returned to the Football League in 1993 , when he signed for Barnet . Following a spell at Aylesbury United , Smith retired as a professional player , with his career blighted through numerous injuries . He turned to the coaching side of the game in an attempt to forge a career for himself following his premature retirement . After a spell coaching at Wimbledon , Smith was appointed youth team coach at Wycombe Wanderers in 2004 . He joined Watford ahead of the 2005-06 campaign , combining the roles of reserve team manager with his U18 managerial duties . Smith then worked as a scout for Arsenal in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pablo Mastroeni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Mastroeni', 'summary': 'Pablo Mastroeni ( born August 29 , 1976 ) is an American soccer coach and former soccer player ; he was head coach of the Colorado Rapids . He is currently assistant coach of the Houston Dynamo in MLS .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus Crew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Crew', 'summary': "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Warzycha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Warzycha', 'summary': 'Robert Warzycha ( Polish pronunciation : [ ˈrɔbɛrt vaˈʐɨxa ] ) ( born 20 August 1963 ) is a Polish former professional association football player . Warzycha had a long career in Europe , playing for teams in Poland , Hungary and England with Everton in the Premier League . He won two Polish Ekstraklasa titles and a Polish Super Cup with Górnik Zabrze . Warzycha was also a regular member of the Poland national football team throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s , amassing 47 caps . He moved to the United States in 1996 and subsequently spent seven seasons in Major League Soccer with Columbus Crew . He later served as a coach for the team , serving as head coach for five seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Chad Marshall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chad_Marshall', 'summary': 'Chad Marshall ( born August 22 , 1984 ) is a retired American soccer player . During his 16-year career , he played for Columbus Crew and Seattle Sounders FC in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D.C. United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D.C._United', 'summary': "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington , D.C . The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the top level of professional American soccer . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS , winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena . United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters ' Shields , has four MLS Cups , and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times . It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters ' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively . On the international stage , D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup , making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament . Subsequently , United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil . This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club . The team 's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium , owned by the District of Columbia . The team moved into the new Audi Field , a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ben Olsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Olsen', 'summary': "Benjamin Robert Olsen ( born May 3 , 1977 ) is an American former professional Association football player and the current head coach of D.C. United . Born in Middletown , Pennsylvania , Olsen grew up playing for FC Delco , an elite club program near Philadelphia . He then played for Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer and was named 1997 Soccer America Player of the Year . Olsen spent the vast majority of his professional career in the United States with D.C. United in Major League Soccer , which he joined straight out of college . Over the course of 12 seasons with United , Olsen made 221 appearances , scoring 29 goals and making 49 assists . During that time he won two MLS Cup titles , two MLS Supporters ' Shields and one U.S. Open Cup winners medal . His individual honors include two-time MLS All-Star , 1998 MLS Rookie of the Year , MLS Cup '99 MVP and 2007 MLS Best XI . Olsen also earned 37 caps with the United States men 's national team , winning the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup and representing the United States at the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Olsen announced his retirement from professional competition on November 24 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Wolff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Wolff', 'summary': 'Joshua Trump-Kennedy Josh Wolff ( born February 25 , 1977 ) is an American soccer coach and former player . He is currently the head coach of Austin FC ahead of their inaugural season in Major League Soccer in 2021 .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volkswagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volkswagen', 'summary': "Volkswagen ( German : [ ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ; English : /ˈvoʊksvɑːɡən , ˈvɒlkswɑːɡən , -wæɡən , ˈfɒlksvɑːɡən/ ) , shortened to VW ( German : [ faʊ̯ ˈveː ] ( listen ) ) , is a German automaker founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front , a Nazi labour union , and headquartered in Wolfsburg . It is the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group , the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2016 and 2017 . The group 's biggest market is in China , which delivers 40% of its sales and profits . Volkswagen translates to people 's car in German . The company 's current international advertising slogan is just Volkswagen , referencing the name 's meaning ."}]}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'Schellas Hyndman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schellas_Hyndman', 'summary': "Schellas Hyndman ( born November 4 , 1951 ) is the head men 's soccer coach at Grand Canyon University . He was previously head coach of FC Dallas in Major League Soccer . Despite having a limited career as a professional athlete , Hyndman is one of the most successful college soccer coaches in American sports history , compiling a 466-122-49 record as the head coach at Southern Methodist University . He was the 1981 NSCAA Coach of the Year ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Hernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Hernández_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Daniel Demetrio Hernández ( born July 23 , 1976 in Tyler , Texas ) is a retired American soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houston Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Dynamo', 'summary': "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Dominic Kinnear', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dominic_Kinnear', 'summary': 'Dominic Kinnear ( born July 26 , 1967 ) is an American soccer coach and former player . He is currently the assistant coach of LA Galaxy . As a player , he began his professional career with Scottish club St Johnstone , and went on to play for several teams in the United States and Mexico , including the San Jose Hawks , San Jose Clash , Tampa Bay Mutiny and Necaxa . He also earned 54 caps with the United States national team . Kinnear has been involved in coaching MLS teams since 2001 . His most notable stint was from 2006 to 2014 with the Houston Dynamo , a club he led to the MLS Cup in 2006 and again in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Brian Ching', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Ching', 'summary': "Brian Ching ( born May 24 , 1978 ) an American retired professional soccer player who played for twelve years in Major League Soccer and represented the U.S. national team for eight years . Ching 's professional career began when he was the 16th pick overall by the Los Angeles Galaxy in the 2001 MLS SuperDraft , making him the first Gonzaga player and the first player from his native Hawaii selected in the MLS draft . After winning the U.S. Open Cup with Los Angeles , Ching was released from the team and played with the second division Seattle Sounders . He returned to first division soccer when the San Jose Earthquakes acquired him in the 2003 MLS Supplemental Draft . He won an MLS Cup and Supporters ' Shield with the Earthquakes , collected the MLS Comeback Player of the Year Award , the MLS Golden Boot , and was named to the MLS Best XI . In 2006 , Ching relocated to Houston when the Earthquakes team became the Houston Dynamo . He led the team to back-to-back MLS Cup Championships in 2006 and 2007 and four MLS finals overall . A six-time MLS All-Star , Ching retired from professional soccer in 2013 as Houston Dynamo 's all-time leading scorer . Ching made his international debut May 26 , 2003 , becoming the first Hawaiian-born player to represent the United States . He became the first Hawaiian to be named to the U.S. roster for the 2006 FIFA World Cup , although he did not see any playing time . His only international silverware is the 2007 Gold Cup . Off the field , Ching is a pillar in the Houston community where he is partnered with Habitat for Humanity to build homes for underprivileged families in the Houston area through fundraising efforts under his program The House that Ching Built ."}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greenstar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy', 'summary': "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Arena', 'summary': "Bruce Arena ( born September 21 , 1951 ) is an American soccer coach who is currently is the head coach and sporting director of the New England Revolution . He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame and the NJCAA Lacrosse Hall of Fame . Arena has had a long and distinguished coaching career and is considered to be one of the most successful coaches in North American soccer history , having won five College Cup titles and five MLS Cup titles . He was the United States national team head coach at the 1996 Summer Olympics , the 2002 FIFA World Cup and the 2006 FIFA World Cup , head coach of the New York Red Bulls , D.C. United , LA Galaxy , and the New England Revolution in Major League Soccer , and coached Virginia Cavaliers men 's soccer to several college soccer championships . He is the U.S. soccer team 's longest-serving head coach . Before beginning his coaching career , Arena was a goalkeeper for Cornell University , and earned one cap with the United States men 's national soccer team ."}]}, {'value': 'Landon Donovan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landon_Donovan', 'summary': "Landon Timothy Donovan ( born March 4 , 1982 ) is an American retired professional soccer player who is currently the manager of USL Championship side San Diego Loyal SC . He holds numerous individual records in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and for the United States national team and is regarded as one of the greatest U.S. men 's soccer players of all time . A native of Southern California , Donovan was a member of the inaugural class of the U.S. Soccer youth residency program in Bradenton , Florida . He was named Player of the Tournament for his role in the United States under-17 squad that finished fourth in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship before signing with German club Bayer Leverkusen later that year . In 2005 , after six years with Leverkusen , the majority of which were spent on loan with the San Jose Earthquakes of MLS , Donovan moved back to the United States permanently to sign with the Los Angeles Galaxy . He later returned to Germany for a loan with Bayern Munich , and twice went on short loans to English Premier League club Everton in 2010 and 2012 . He retired as a player in 2014 , but made a brief comeback with LA Galaxy late in the 2016 season and then in 2018 to play for Club León . In MLS , Donovan won a record six MLS Cups and is the league 's all-time assists leader with 136 . The Major League Soccer MVP Award has been renamed the Landon Donovan MVP Award in his honor . For the United States men 's national team , Donovan is the all-time leader in assists and tied with Clint Dempsey as all-time leader in scoring , and is the second-most-capped player of his country . Donovan is the only American player to reach the 50 goals/50 assists mark . He is a four-time winner of the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year award ( the only man to do so and the first man to win in consecutive years ) , as well as the only seven-time winner of the Honda Player of the Year award ."}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herbalife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbalife', 'summary': "In February 1980 , Mark Hughes began selling the original Herbalife weight management product from the trunk of his car . Hughes often stated that the genesis of his product and program stemmed from the weight loss concerns of his mother Joanne , whose premature death he attributed to an eating disorder and an unhealthy approach to weight loss . According to one Herbalife website , the company 's goal was to change the nutritional habits of the world . His first product was a protein shake designed to help people manage their weight . He structured his company using a direct-selling , multi-level marketing model . [ citation needed ] In 1982 , Herbalife received complaints from the Food and Drug Administration for claims made about certain products and the inclusion of mandrake , poke root , and 'food grade ' linseed oil in another . As a result of the complaints , the company modified its product claims and reformulated the product . The Department of Justice of Canada filed criminal charges against the company in November 1984 for misleading medical claims in advertisements . By 1985 , the company was considered the fastest-growing private company in America by Inc. after its sales increased from $ 386 thousand to $ 423 million over the previous five years . That same year , the California Attorney General sued the company for making inflated claims about the efficacy of its products . The company suffered as a result of the lawsuit and was forced to lay off nearly 800 employees by May 1985 . The company settled the suit for $ 850,000 without admitting wrongdoing , but discontinued the sale of two products ."}]}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Nicol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Nicol', 'summary': 'Stephen Nicol ( born 11 December 1961 ) is a Scottish former professional footballer who mainly played as a defender . He played for the successful Liverpool teams of the 1980s . He was also a regular member of the Scotland national football team and represented his country at the 1986 FIFA World Cup . As a player , Nicol won five Football League First Division titles , three FA Cup winners medals , and the 1984 European Cup during 14 years with Liverpool . Nicol also played with several other English teams , including Notts County , Sheffield Wednesday and Doncaster Rovers , before emigrating to the United States in 1999 . He was most recently coach of the New England Revolution and was the longest-tenured head coach in MLS to coach a single club . Nicol is now a commentator for ESPN FC .'}]}, {'value': 'Shalrie Joseph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shalrie_Joseph', 'summary': 'Shalrie Jamal Joseph ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is a Grenadian former footballer who is currently the head coach of the Grenada national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UnitedHealthcare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UnitedHealthcare', 'summary': 'UnitedHealth Group Incorporated is an American for-profit managed health care company based in Minnetonka , Minnesota . It offers health care products and insurance services . It is the largest healthcare company in the world by revenue , with 2018 revenue of $ 226.2 billion and 115 million customers . The company is ranked 6th on the 2019 Fortune 500 .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Red Bulls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls', 'summary': "The New York Red Bulls are an American professional soccer club based in Harrison , New Jersey . The Red Bulls compete as a member of the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established in October 1994 and began play in the league 's inaugural season in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey MetroStars . In 2006 , the team was sold to Red Bull GmbH and re-branded as part of the company 's global network of football clubs , leading to the team 's current name . The Red Bulls have played their home matches at Red Bull Arena since 2010 , having previously played at Giants Stadium . The club is one of two teams in MLS based in the New York metropolitan region along with New York City FC , which entered the league in 2015 . The two sides compete against each other in the Hudson River Derby . The team 's current head coach is former United States international midfielder Chris Armas . The Red Bulls have reached the MLS Cup final once in 2008 where they were defeated by the Columbus Crew . The club has won three regular season Supporters ' Shield titles in 2013 , 2015 and 2018 , and has also twice reached the final of the U.S. Open Cup in 2003 and 2017 , losing on both occasions ."}]}, {'value': 'Hans Backe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Backe', 'summary': "Hans Hasse Backe ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈhɑːns ˈhâsːɛ ˈbâkːɛ ] ; born 14 February 1952 ) is a Swedish former football player and unattached manager who most recently led Finland 's national team . Prior to this he managed the New York Red Bulls . He has coached clubs in Sweden , Norway , Greece , England and the United States , and achieved his greatest successes in Denmark at FC Copenhagen and Aalborg BK ."}]}, {'value': 'Thierry Henry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thierry_Henry', 'summary': "Thierry Daniel Henry ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ tjɛʁi ɑ̃ʁi ] ; born 17 August 1977 ) is a French professional football coach and former player who is currently the manager of Major League Soccer club Montreal Impact . Considered one of the best strikers of all-time , Henry made his professional debut with Monaco in 1994 , where good form led to an international call-up in 1998 , after which he signed for defending Serie A champions Juventus . Limited playing time , combined with disagreements with club hierarchy , led to him signing for Premier League club Arsenal for £11 million in 1999 . It was at Arsenal that Henry made his name as a world-class player . Under long-time mentor and coach Arsène Wenger , Henry became a prolific striker and Arsenal 's all-time leading scorer with 228 goals in all competitions . He received the Premier League Golden Boot a record four times . Henry won two FA Cups and two league titles at the club , including one unbeaten . In 2003 and 2004 , Henry was the runner-up for the FIFA World Player of the Year . He was named the PFA Players ' Player of the Year twice , and the FWA Footballer of the Year three times , and has been named in the UEFA Team of the Year five times . Henry spent his final two seasons with Arsenal as club captain , leading them to the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final . In June 2007 , after eight years with Arsenal , he transferred to Barcelona for a fee of €24 million . In 2009 , he was an integral part of the club 's historic treble when they won La Liga , the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Bull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Bull', 'summary': "Red Bull is an energy drink sold by Red Bull GmbH , an Austrian company created in 1987 . Red Bull has the highest market share of any energy drink in the world , with 6.790 billion cans sold in a year ( as of 2018 [ update ] ) . Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz was inspired by an existing energy drink named Krating Daeng , which was first introduced and sold in Thailand by Chaleo Yoovidhya . He took this idea , modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of Westerners , and , in partnership with Chaleo , founded Red Bull GmbH in 1987 in Chakkapong , Thailand . In Thai , daeng means red , and a krating ( known in English as a gaur or Indian bison ) is a large species of wild bovine native to South Asia . Yoovidhya 's heirs own majority stakes in both brands , and they both use the same red bull on yellow sun logo while continuing to market the separate drinks to the respective Thai and Western markets . Red Bull is sold in a tall and slim blue-silver can . Originally only available in a single nondescript flavor and regular or sugar-free formulas , a line of color editions with artificial fruit flavors were added to the line beginning in 2013 . The Red Bull company slogan is Red Bull gives you wings , occasionally No Red Bull , no wings . Rather than following a traditional approach to mass marketing , Red Bull has generated awareness and created a 'brand myth ' through proprietary extreme sport event series such as Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series , Red Bull Air Race , Red Bull Crashed Ice and stand-out stunts such as the Stratos space diving project . Red Bull 's marketing also includes multiple sports team ownerships ( Formula One teams Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso , football clubs RB Leipzig , FC Red Bull Salzburg , FC Liefering , Red Bull Brasil and New York Red Bulls ) , celebrity endorsements , and music , through its record label Red Bull Records . Energy drinks have been associated with health risks , such as masking the effects of intoxication when consumed with alcohol , and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to cardiac and psychiatric conditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Union', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Union is an American professional soccer team based in Chester , Pennsylvania . The Union competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference . The club began play in 2010 as an expansion team of the league . The club plays their home matches at Subaru Park , a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester on the banks of the Delaware River . Jim Curtin is the Union 's head coach . The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014 , 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments . In the 2014 edition , they lost to the Seattle Sounders FC 3-1 in extra time , and to Sporting Kansas City 6-7 on penalties after a 1-1 draw in the 2015 edition . They lost 3-0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition ."}]}, {'value': 'Piotr Nowak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piotr_Nowak', 'summary': "Piotr Peter Nowak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ˈpjɔtr ˈnɔvak ] ; born 5 July 1964 ) is a Polish former professional football player . Nowak was most recently the sporting director of Ekstraklasa side Lechia Gdańsk . Nowak enjoyed a successful playing career in Europe , playing for Polish clubs such as Zawisza Bydgoszcz and Widzew Łódź , before going on to play in Turkey , Switzerland and Germany . He was voted one of the best players in the Bundesliga for the 1995-96 season while playing with 1860 Munich . He moved to the United States in 1998 and played four years with Chicago Fire . Nowak was also an important member of the Poland national football team throughout the 1990s , earning 24 caps , serving as national captain for several years , and being voted Polish Player of the Year in 1996 . As a coach , he is a former assistant coach of the United States men 's national soccer team under Bob Bradley , former head coach of United States U-23 men 's national soccer team , and former head coach of D.C. United and Philadelphia Union of MLS ; however his reputation in the USA took a big hit after he was accused of seriously mistreating and abusing players whilst being coach of the latter . He had a brief stint whilst still being a player in the United States as chairman of Górnik Konin , but was hugely unpopular and widely blamed for the club 's demise . Over a decade later , he became Technical and Personal advisor to the President of Caribbean Football Union and Technical Director and Head Coach to the Antigua and Barbuda Football Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Faryd Mondragón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faryd_Mondragón', 'summary': 'Faryd Camilo Mondragón Alí ( born 21 June 1971 ) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . Since his debut in 1993 , he has played over 50 times for the Colombian national team , making him alongside Mario Yepes the last active members of the original 1990s golden generation of Colombian football . He was named in the Colombian squads for the 1992 Olympics , two Copa América tournaments , two CONCACAF Gold Cups , and the World Cups of 1994 , 1998 and 2014 . On 24 June 2014 , Mondragón made history by becoming the oldest player to play a FIFA World Cup match at the age of 43 years and 3 days , a record that was broken four years later by 45-year-old Egyptian goalkeeper Essam El-Hadary .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bimbo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bimbo_Bakeries_USA', 'summary': "Bimbo Bakeries USA ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈbimbo ] ) is the American corporate arm of the Mexican multinational bakery product manufacturing company Grupo Bimbo . It is the largest bakery company in the United States . The company , headquartered in Horsham , Pennsylvania , a suburb of Philadelphia , owns many fresh bread and sweet baked goods brands in the United States , including Entenmann 's , Sara Lee , and Thomas ' . It is also a top advertising sponsor for many major soccer teams around the globe ."}]}, {'value': 'Portland Timbers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland_Timbers', 'summary': "The Portland Timbers is an American professional soccer club based in Portland , Oregon . The Timbers compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Western Conference . The Timbers have played their home games at Providence Park since 2011 , when the team began play as an expansion team in the league . The club was founded in 2009 , when the city of Portland was awarded an expansion berth to Major League Soccer . The team is owned by Peregrine Sports under the majority ownership of Merritt Paulson , whose companies had acquired the then-USL Pro team in 2007 and later established the Portland Thorns women 's team in 2012 . The club is a phoenix club , and the fourth soccer franchise based in Portland to carry the legacy of the Timbers name , which originated with the original team , in the North American Soccer League in 1975 . In 2013 , the Timbers finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference , clinching both their first-ever playoff appearance and a CONCACAF Champions League berth . In 2015 , the franchise won the Western Conference Finals in the playoffs , and their first major trophy , the MLS Cup , becoming the first team in Cascadia to do so . In 2017 , the club again finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference . In 2018 , the Timbers again made the playoffs , advancing in three rounds , defeating archrival Seattle in the semifinals along the way , and made the MLS Cup where they lost 2-0 to Atlanta United FC ."}]}, {'value': 'John Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Spencer_(Scottish_footballer)', 'summary': 'John Spencer ( born 11 September 1970 ) is a Scottish former professional footballer and coach . As a player , he was a forward from 1988 until 2004 , notably in the Premier League for Chelsea and Everton and the Scottish Premier League for Rangers and Motherwell . He also played in his native country for Morton , in Hong Kong for Lai Sun and back in England in the Football League with Queens Park Rangers . He finished his career in the United States with a three-year spell with the Colorado Rapids . He also earned 14 caps for Scotland . Since retiring in 2004 , Spencer has remained in America , and was assistant coach of Houston Dynamo before becoming head coach of the Portland Timbers in 2011 until being relieved of his coaching position on 9 July 2012 . Spencer returned to the Colorado Rapids as an assistant coach in 2016 , before joining the San Jose Earthquakes in a similar role for the 2017 season , until both Spencer and head coach Dominic Kinnear were let go on 25 June 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack Jewsbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Jewsbury', 'summary': 'Jack Jewsbury ( born April 13 , 1981 ) is a retired American soccer player who played primarily as a midfielder . Upon his retirement in 2016 , Jewsbury was one of ten players to have appeared in more than 350 matches in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alaska Airlines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alaska_Airlines', 'summary': "Alaska Airlines is a major American airline headquartered in SeaTac , Washington , within the Seattle metropolitan area . It is the fifth largest airline in the United States when measured by fleet size , scheduled passengers carried , and number of destinations served . Alaska , together with its regional partners , operates a large domestic route network , primarily focused on connecting from the Pacific Northwest and Alaska to over one hundred destinations in the contiguous United States , Hawaii , Canada , Costa Rica , and Mexico . The company was founded in 1932 as McGee Airways , offering flights from Anchorage , Alaska . Today , most of the airline 's revenue and traffic comes from locations outside of Alaska , but the airline plays a major role in air transportation in the state . It operates many flights linking small towns to major transportation hubs and carries more passengers between Alaska and the contiguous United States than any other airline . The airline operates its largest hub at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport , and it also operates hubs in Anchorage , Los Angeles , Portland , and San Francisco and focus cities at San Diego and San Jose . Alaska Airlines is currently not a member of any of the three major airline alliances , but it plans to join oneworld by early 2021 . However , it has codeshare agreements with 17 airlines , including member airlines of Oneworld , SkyTeam , Star Alliance , and unaffiliated airlines . Regional service is operated by sister airline Horizon Air and independent carrier SkyWest Airlines Through its parent company , Alaska Air Group , the airline is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE ) under the symbol ALK and is part of the Dow Jones Transportation Average and the S & P 500 Index . As of 2018 , the airline employs over 21,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for twelve consecutive years ."}]}, {'value': 'Real Salt Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake', 'summary': "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'Jason Kreis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Kreis', 'summary': "Jason Clarence Kreis ( born December 29 , 1972 ) is an American soccer manager and former player who currently serves as head coach of USL League One club Fort Lauderdale CF and the United States U-23 team . He coached Orlando City SC in Major League Soccer and was previously an assistant coach under Jürgen Klinsmann for the United States men 's national soccer team . Prior to that he was the head coach of New York City FC and Real Salt Lake . Kreis spent the majority of his playing career in MLS in the United States , initially with the Dallas Burn , and later with Real Salt Lake . In total he made over 300 professional appearances , was Major League Soccer MVP in 1999 , and is currently tied for the fifth highest scorer in MLS regular season history , with 108 goals . He also earned fourteen international caps for the United States national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Kyle Beckerman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyle_Beckerman', 'summary': 'Kyle Robert Beckerman ( born April 23 , 1982 ) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Real Salt Lake . He also gained 59 caps for the USA national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XanGo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/XanGo', 'summary': 'Xango , LLC , ( sometimes stylized as XANGO and XanGo ) was a privately owned Lehi , Utah-based multilevel marketing company founded in 2002 . It was acquired by Zija International in May 2017 . The company marketed and distributed Xango juice , a blended juice product consisting of mangosteen and other juices , and skin care , personal care , energy supplement and nutritional supplement products . The company was warned in 2006 by the FDA for illegally marketing more than 20 human health benefits for Xango juice .'}]}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Yallop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Yallop', 'summary': "Frank Walter Yallop ( born 4 April 1964 ) is a British-Canadian former professional soccer player and former head coach . He played 13 years in England for Ipswich , including the club 's first three seasons in the Premier League . He also played in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) for the Tampa Bay Mutiny , and earned 52 caps for the Canada men 's national soccer team . He spent a further 13 years as a manager in MLS for San Jose Earthquakes , LA Galaxy , and Chicago Fire , as well as 3 years coaching the Canadian men 's national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Ramiro Corrales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramiro_Corrales', 'summary': 'Ramiro Corrales ( born March 12 , 1977 ) is an American soccer player who is currently a player-coach for Premier Development League team Santa Cruz Breakers FC . He spent most of his professional career with the San Jose Earthquakes in Major League Soccer . Known as a reliable contributor who [ is ] strong in defense , composed and responsible with the ball and who works hard to make his teammates better , Corrales was the last remaining active MLS player from its inaugural season in 1996 upon his 2013 retirement .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amway Global', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amway_Global', 'summary': 'Amway North America ( formerly known as Quixtar North America ) is an American worldwide multi-level marketing ( MLM ) company , founded 1959 in Ada , Michigan , United States . It is privately owned by the families of Richard DeVos and Jay Van Andel through Alticor which is the holding company for businesses including Amway , Amway Global , Fulton Innovation , Amway Hotel Corporation , Hatteras Yachts , and manufacturing and logistics company Access Business Group . After the launch of Amway Global ( originally operating under the name Quixtar ) , it replaced the Amway business in the United States , Canada and the Caribbean , with the Amway business continuing to operate in other countries around the world . On May 1 , 2009 , Quixtar made the name change to Amway Global and fused the various different entities of the parent company . [ needs update ] Amway Global is a member of the Direct Selling Association and the Better Business Bureau .'}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': 'Sigi Schmid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sigi_Schmid', 'summary': 'Siegfried Sigi Schmid ( German : [ ˈziːkfʀiːt ˈziːɡiː ʃmiːt ] ; March 20 , 1953 - December 25 , 2018 ) was a German-American soccer coach who had the most wins in the history of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . Born in Tübingen , West Germany , he moved to the United States with his family when he was a child . He played college soccer from 1972 to 1975 at the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) , where he was a starting midfielder in each of his four years . He coached his former college team , the UCLA Bruins , between 1980 and 1999 . During that period , he became one of the most successful collegiate coaches of all time , leading the Bruins to a record of 322-63-33 ( wins-losses-draws ) . The team made 16 consecutive playoff appearances from 1983 to 1998 , winning the national championship in 1985 , 1990 , and 1997 . Schmid also worked with U.S. Soccer throughout the 1990s . Schmid coached the Los Angeles Galaxy and the Columbus Crew in MLS , before becoming the head coach of Seattle Sounders in 2009 . Despite never having played soccer at a professional level , he has the most coaching wins in MLS history and was the recipient of the MLS Coach of the Year Award in 1999 and 2008 . Throughout his career , Schmid received praise from critics for his ability to identify new talent . His defensive tactics were also highly regarded in the press and often cited as a factor in his success . However , their deployment in his final two seasons with Los Angeles led directly to the termination of his contract .'}]}, {'value': 'Kasey Keller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kasey_Keller', 'summary': "Kasey C. Keller ( born November 29 , 1969 ) is an American former soccer player who played professionally in Europe and the United States , as well as being the starting goalkeeper for the U.S. national team . He is a four-time FIFA World Cup participant and was the first American goalkeeper to become a regular in the German Bundesliga , the English Premier League , and the Spanish La Liga . He now works as the Sounders ' color commentator in local broadcasts , and assistant coach for Newport High School Boys Soccer in Bellevue , Washington ."}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox', 'summary': "Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft . It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft , with three consoles released in the sixth , seventh , and eighth generations , respectively . The brand also represents applications ( games ) , streaming services , an online service by the name of Xbox Live , and the development arm by the name of Xbox Game Studios . The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001 , with the launch of the original Xbox console . The original device was the first video game console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996 . It reached over 24 million units sold as of May 2006 . Microsoft 's second console , the Xbox 360 , was released in 2005 and has sold 84 million units as of June 2014 . The Xbox One has been released in 21 markets in total , with a Chinese release in September 2014 . The head of Xbox is Phil Spencer , who succeeded former head Marc Whitten in late-March 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sporting Kansas City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Vermes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Vermes', 'summary': 'Peter Joseph Vermes ( /ˈvɜːrmiːz/ ; born November 21 , 1966 ) is an American professional soccer coach and former player . He is currently the head coach of Sporting Kansas City in Major League Soccer . As of 2018 , Vermes is currently the longest tenured head coach in MLS and has won four major trophies as a manager , the second most of all active coaches in MLS . As a player , Vermes spent several seasons playing in Hungary , the Netherlands , before establishing himself as a defender in Major League Soccer , playing for MetroStars , Colorado Rapids and the Kansas City Wizards . Vermes was also a regular member of the United States national team throughout the 1990s , and represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics , the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup . On April 4 , 2013 , Vermes was elected to the U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Davy Arnaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davy_Arnaud', 'summary': 'Davy Arnaud ( /ˈɑːrnoʊ/ ; born June 22 , 1980 ) is a retired American soccer player who previously played for Sporting Kansas City , the Montreal Impact , and D.C. United .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_FC', 'summary': "Toronto Football Club is a Canadian professional soccer club based in Toronto . The club competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home matches at BMO Field , located at Exhibition Place on Toronto 's shoreline . Toronto FC joined MLS in 2007 as an expansion team and was the first Canadian-based franchise in the league . The first team is coached by Greg Vanney and operated by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , which also operates the USL League One affiliate team Toronto FC II and most other professional sports franchises in the city . In 2017 , Toronto FC won the domestic treble with the MLS Cup , Supporters ' Shield and Canadian Championship . They are seven-time winners of the Canadian Championship and were runners-up of the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League , as well as MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the club has an estimated value of US $ 395 million and the highest player payroll in Major League Soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'Aron Winter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aron_Winter', 'summary': 'Aron Mohamed Winter ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈaːrɔn ˈʋɪntər ] ; born 1 March 1967 ) is a Dutch former professional football midfielder and current assistant manager of Greece national football team . He has played for Ajax and Sparta Rotterdam in the Netherlands , for Italian sides Lazio and Internazionale , and for the Netherlands national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Torsten Frings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torsten_Frings', 'summary': 'Torsten Klaus Frings ( born 22 November 1976 ) is a German former footballer , and a manager who most recently managed Darmstadt 98 . A former midfielder , throughout his career he played for several German clubs , namely Alemannia Aachen , Werder Bremen , Borussia Dortmund , and Bayern Munich , before ending his career with Canadian MLS side Toronto FC . At international level , he played 79 matches for the Germany national team since his debut in 2001 , and represented his nation at two European Championships and two FIFA World Cups .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bank of Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal', 'summary': "The Bank of Montreal ( French : Banque de Montréal ) is a Canadian multinational investment bank and financial services company . Founded in Montreal , Quebec in 1817 , its head office remains in Montreal , with its operational headquarters and executive offices located in Toronto , Ontario since 1977 . One of the Big Five banks in Canada , it is the fourth-largest bank in Canada by market capitalization and assets , as well as one of the ten largest banks in North America . It is commonly known by its acronym BMO ( pronounced /ˈbiːmoʊ/ ) , which is also its stock symbol on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange . On 23 June 1817 , John Richardson and eight merchants signed the Articles of Association to establish the Bank of Montreal in a rented house in Montreal , Quebec . The bank officially began conducting business on 3 November 1817 , making it Canada 's oldest bank . BMO 's Institution Number ( or bank number ) is 001 . In Canada , the bank operates as BMO Bank of Montreal and has more than 900 branches , serving over seven million customers . In the United States , it does business as BMO Financial Group , where it has substantial operations in the Chicago area and elsewhere in the country , where it operates BMO Harris Bank . BMO Capital Markets is BMO 's investment and corporate banking division , while the wealth management division is branded as BMO Nesbitt Burns . The company is ranked at number 131 on the Forbes Global 2000 list . The company has not missed a dividend payment since 1829 , paying dividends consistently through major world crises such as World War I , the Great Depression , World War II , and the 2008 financial crisis ; this makes the Bank of Montreal 's dividend payment history one of the longest in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Vancouver Whitecaps FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC', 'summary': "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Vancouver , British Columbia that competes in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The Whitecaps were the 17th team to enter Major League Soccer and replaced the USSF Division 2 team of the same name in the city . The club has been owned and managed by the same group since their USSF days , having graduated to MLS after the conclusion of the USSF 's 2010 season . The MLS version of the team is a phoenix club , and the third to carry the legacy of the Whitecaps name . In the 2012 season , the team became the first Canadian team to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom Soehn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Soehn', 'summary': 'Tom Soehn ( born April 15 , 1966 ) is an American soccer coach who is the head coach of USL Championship club Birmingham Legion . A former player , his career as a defender spanned seven clubs across 12 seasons , both indoors and outdoors .'}]}, {'value': 'Jay DeMerit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_DeMerit', 'summary': 'Jay Michael DeMerit ( born December 4 , 1979 ) is an American retired soccer player who played as a center back . He played college soccer for the UIC Flames and was in the Chicago Fire Premier development squad , but after not being drafted for Major League Soccer , he moved to look for a club in England . He played for non-league sides Southall and Northwood before signing for Watford of the Championship in 2004 . DeMerit played 211 total games for Watford over six seasons , including one in the 2006-07 Premier League , having scored in their victory in the 2006 Football League Championship play-off Final . After his release from Watford , he was the first player signed by the Vancouver Whitecaps FC for their entrance in MLS , where he played four seasons before retiring through injury . DeMerit was first capped for the United States in March 2007 , earning 25 caps up to 2011 . He was part of their squads that won the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup and came runners-up at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup , also featuring at the 2007 Copa América and the 2010 FIFA World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bell Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bell_Canada', 'summary': "Bell Canada ( commonly referred to as Bell ) is a Canadian telecommunications company headquartered in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It is the incumbent local exchange carrier for telephone and DSL Internet services in most of Canada east of Saskatchewan and in the northern territories . It is also a major competitive local exchange carrier for enterprise customers in the western provinces . Its subsidiary Bell Aliant provides services in the Atlantic provinces . It provides mobile service through its Bell Mobility ( including flanker brand Virgin Mobile Canada ) subsidiary , and television through its Bell TV ( direct broadcast satellite ) and Bell Fibe TV ( IPTV ) subsidiaries . Bell Canada 's principal competitors are Rogers Communications in Ontario , Telus and Shaw Communications in Western Canada , and Quebecor ( Videotron ) and Telus in Quebec . The company serves over 13 million phone lines and is headquartered at the Campus Bell complex in Montreal . Bell Canada is one of the main assets of the holding company BCE Inc. , formerly known as Bell Canada Enterprises . In addition to the Bell Canada telecommunications properties , BCE also owns Bell Media ( which operates mass media properties including the national CTV Television Network ) and holds significant interests in the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , owner of several Toronto professional sports franchises . BCE ranked number 262 on the 2011 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Personnel and sponsoring', 'section_text': 'Both of the new teams to MLS received jersey sponsors , while several existing teams saw changes in jersey sponsorships for the 2011 season . Alaska Airlines signed on as the first MLS shirt sponsor for the Portland Timbers . Bell Canada became the first shirt sponsor for Vancouver Whitecaps FC in its MLS incarnation . Glidden declined to renew its jersey sponsorship of the Columbus Crew , [ 14 ] which has not yet found a replacement . Greenstar are the new shirt sponsor for the Houston Dynamo , [ 15 ] replacing Amigo Energy . Bimbo will serve as the first ever shirt sponsor for the Philadelphia Union . [ 16 ] Chivas USA continue to be sponsored by Grupo Modelo , but this sponsorship is now through its Corona beer brand , as opposed to the Extra convenience store brand as used in 2010 . [ 17 ] UnitedHealthcare became the first ever kit sponsor for New England Revolution . [ 18 ]', 'uid': '2011_Major_League_Soccer_season_0', 'intro': "The 2011 Major League Soccer season was the 99th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer, the 33rd with a national first-division league, in the United States and Canada, and the 16th season of Major League Soccer. The season marked the arrival of two new league clubs, Portland Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps FC, whose cities previously had clubs of similar name play in the USSF D2 Pro League. Those two new West Coast clubs led to a realignment of the league's conferences, with Houston Dynamo moving to the Eastern Conference to create two conferences of nine teams each. Each team played a balanced 34-match regular season schedule, playing every team twice (once at home and once away). The regular season began on March 15, when the Los Angeles Galaxy defeated the Seattle Sounders FC 1-0 at Qwest Field, and concluded with the host Houston Dynamo defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy 3-1 on October 23 at Robertson Stadium. The season also featured the 2011 MLS All-Star Game on July 27, when Manchester United defeated the MLS All-Stars 4-0 at Red Bull Arena (hosted by the New York Red Bulls). The 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs ran from October 26 until November 20, when the Los Angeles Galaxy claimed their third MLS championship by defeating Houston Dynamo 1-0 in MLS Cup 2011 at Home Depot Center in Carson, California."}
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Which team had a head coach born on September 1 , 1966 ?
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Chicago Fire
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02eed6f8d2de28a8
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites_in_Houghton_County', 'title': 'List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Houghton County', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'City', 'Listing date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Amphidrome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amphidrome', 'summary': 'An amphidromic point , also called a tidal node , is a geographical location which has zero tidal amplitude for one harmonic constituent of the tide . The tidal range ( the peak-to-peak amplitude , or height difference between high tide and low tide ) for that harmonic constituent increases with distance from this point . The term amphidromic point derives from the Greek words amphi ( around ) and dromos ( running ) , referring to the rotary tides running around them .'}]}, {'value': '700 E Lakeshore Dr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'August 6 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big Traverse Bay Historic District †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Traverse_Bay_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Big Traverse Bay Historic District is a historic district located east of Lake Linden , Michigan at the mouth of the Traverse River . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': 'East of Lake Linden at mouth of Traverse River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traverse_River', 'summary': 'The Traverse River is an 11.9-mile-long ( 19.2 km ) river in Keweenaw and Houghton counties on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States . It flows into Lake Superior just north of Keweenaw Bay .'}]}, {'value': 'Lake Linden vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Linden,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Lake Linden is a village in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,007 at the 2010 census . The village is mostly within Schoolcraft Township , though a tiny portion lies in Torch Lake Township .'}]}, {'value': 'February 21 , 1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Birth of Professional Hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': '700 E Lakeshore Dr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'August 6 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Bosch Building †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Bosch_Building', 'summary': 'The Joseph Bosch Building is a commercial structure located at 302 Calumet Avenue in the Lake Linden Historic District in Lake Linden , Michigan . It is also known as the Lindell Chocolate Shoppe . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1982 .'}]}, {'value': '302 Calumet Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Linden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Linden,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Lake Linden is a village in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,007 at the 2010 census . The village is mostly within Schoolcraft Township , though a tiny portion lies in Torch Lake Township .'}]}, {'value': 'January 13 , 1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Bosch House Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': '334 Hecla Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Linden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Linden,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Lake Linden is a village in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,007 at the 2010 census . The village is mostly within Schoolcraft Township , though a tiny portion lies in Torch Lake Township .'}]}, {'value': 'February 7 , 1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet and Hecla Industrial District †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet_and_Hecla_Industrial_District', 'summary': 'The Calumet and Hecla Industrial District is a historic district located in Calumet , Michigan and roughly bounded by Hecla and Torch Lake railroad tracks , Calumet Avenue , Mine and Depot Streets . The district contains structures associated with the copper mines worked by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company , located along a line above the copper lode , where railroad tracks connected separate mine heads . The Historic District is completely contained in the Calumet Historic District ( a National Historic Landmark District ) and the Keweenaw National Historical Park . It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by Hecla and Torch Lake Railroad tracks , Calumet Ave , Mine and Depot streets', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan', 'summary': "Calumet ( /ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ or /ˈkæljʊˌmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET ) is a village in Calumet Township , Houghton County , in the U.S. state of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula , that was once at the center of the mining industry of the Upper Peninsula . Also known as Red Jacket , the village includes the Calumet Downtown Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) . The village may itself be included within the Calumet Historic District , a larger area which is NRHP-listed and which is a National Historic Landmark District . It is bordered on the north by Calumet Township , on the south by the unincorporated towns of Newtown and Blue Jacket , on the east by Blue Jacket and Calumet Township , and on the west by Yellow Jacket and Calumet Township . The population was 726 at the 2010 census . Calumet 's nickname is Copper Town U.S.A ."}]}, {'value': 'November 15 , 1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet and Hecla Mining Company Office', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet_and_Hecla_Mining_Company', 'summary': "The Calumet and Hecla Mining Company was a major copper-mining company based within Michigan 's Copper Country . In the 19th century , the company paid out more than $ 72 million in shareholder dividends , more than any other mining company in the United States during that period . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '53102 M-26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Linden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Linden,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Lake Linden is a village in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,007 at the 2010 census . The village is mostly within Schoolcraft Township , though a tiny portion lies in Torch Lake Township .'}]}, {'value': 'September 17 , 1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet and Hecla/ Quincy Reclaiming Sand Dredge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quincy_Reclaiming_Sand_Dredge', 'summary': 'The Quincy Dredge Number Two ( previously known as the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One ) is a dredge currently sunk in shallow water in Torch Lake , across M-26 from the Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District and just east of Mason in Osceola Township . It was constructed to reclaim stamping sand from the lake for further processing , and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1978 .'}]}, {'value': 'M-26 , along Torch Lake', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason,_Michigan', 'summary': "Mason is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is named after the state 's first governor , Stevens T. Mason . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 8,252 . It is the county seat of Ingham County . Mason is the only city in the U.S. that serves as a county seat ahead of a state capital , with the capital of Lansing also in Ingham County . Despite Mason being the county seat , many county offices and courtrooms are located in Lansing ."}]}, {'value': 'July 26 , 1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet Theatre †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet_Theatre', 'summary': 'The Calumet Theatre is a historic theatre located at 340 Sixth Street in the town of Calumet , Michigan . It is also known as the Calumet Opera House or the Calumet Civic Auditorium . It is integral to , but a separate unit of , the Calumet municipal building . The structure was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 . It is one of the 21 Heritage Sites which partners with the Keweenaw National Historical Park . The theatre is home to The Red Jacket Jamboree , an old-time radio variety show . The show is performed/recorded in front of a live audience at the theatre for later broadcasts on public radio stations .'}]}, {'value': '340 Sixth Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan', 'summary': "Calumet ( /ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ or /ˈkæljʊˌmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET ) is a village in Calumet Township , Houghton County , in the U.S. state of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula , that was once at the center of the mining industry of the Upper Peninsula . Also known as Red Jacket , the village includes the Calumet Downtown Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) . The village may itself be included within the Calumet Historic District , a larger area which is NRHP-listed and which is a National Historic Landmark District . It is bordered on the north by Calumet Township , on the south by the unincorporated towns of Newtown and Blue Jacket , on the east by Blue Jacket and Calumet Township , and on the west by Yellow Jacket and Calumet Township . The population was 726 at the 2010 census . Calumet 's nickname is Copper Town U.S.A ."}]}, {'value': 'April 23 , 1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet-Hecla Mill Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53102 M-26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Linden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Linden,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Lake Linden is a village in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,007 at the 2010 census . The village is mostly within Schoolcraft Township , though a tiny portion lies in Torch Lake Township .'}]}, {'value': 'April 14 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'College Avenue Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'College Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'August 6 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copper Country Informational Designation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copper_Country', 'summary': "The Copper Country is an area in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States , including Keweenaw County , Michigan , Houghton , Baraga and Ontonagon counties as well as part of Marquette County . The area is so named as copper mining was prevalent there from 1845 until the late 1960s , with one mine ( the White Pine mine ) continuing through 1995 . In its heyday in the latter half of the 19th century and the early 20th century , the area was the world 's greatest producer of copper ."}]}, {'value': 'Roadside Park off US-41 , midway between Hancock and Calumet', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan', 'summary': "Calumet ( /ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ or /ˈkæljʊˌmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET ) is a village in Calumet Township , Houghton County , in the U.S. state of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula , that was once at the center of the mining industry of the Upper Peninsula . Also known as Red Jacket , the village includes the Calumet Downtown Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) . The village may itself be included within the Calumet Historic District , a larger area which is NRHP-listed and which is a National Historic Landmark District . It is bordered on the north by Calumet Township , on the south by the unincorporated towns of Newtown and Blue Jacket , on the east by Blue Jacket and Calumet Township , and on the west by Yellow Jacket and Calumet Township . The population was 726 at the 2010 census . Calumet 's nickname is Copper Town U.S.A ."}]}, {'value': 'July 19 , 1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John A. Doelle School', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34961 Tapiola Rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chassell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chassell,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Chassell is an unincorporated community in Chassell Township of Houghton County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan . It is located on Pike Bay at the south end of Portage Lake 47°01′42″N 88°31′30″W / 47.02833°N 88.52500°W / 47.02833 ; -88.52500 and is the largest community in the township . Chassell is known for the Copper County Strawberry Festival which is always the weekend after the 4th of July . https : //web.archive.org/web/20101028121554/http : //einerlei.com/community/strawFest/home.html'}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finnish Evangelical Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': '501 Reservation Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hancock,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Hancock is a city in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is located across the Keweenaw Waterway from the city of Houghton on the Keweenaw Peninsula . The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census . The city has been consistently ranked as the third-snowiest city in the United States by The Weather Channel .'}]}, {'value': 'August 3 , 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Use of Concrete Paving Informational Designation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seventh and Portland streets', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calumet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan', 'summary': "Calumet ( /ˌkæljʊˈmɛt/ or /ˈkæljʊˌmɛt/ KAL-yuu-MET ) is a village in Calumet Township , Houghton County , in the U.S. state of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula , that was once at the center of the mining industry of the Upper Peninsula . Also known as Red Jacket , the village includes the Calumet Downtown Historic District , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) . The village may itself be included within the Calumet Historic District , a larger area which is NRHP-listed and which is a National Historic Landmark District . It is bordered on the north by Calumet Township , on the south by the unincorporated towns of Newtown and Blue Jacket , on the east by Blue Jacket and Calumet Township , and on the west by Yellow Jacket and Calumet Township . The population was 726 at the 2010 census . Calumet 's nickname is Copper Town U.S.A ."}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rufus R. Goodell House', 'urls': []}, {'value': '205 Pewabic Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'September 24 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grace Methodist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': '201 Isle Royale St', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'July 26 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hancock Town Hall and Fire Hall †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hancock_Town_Hall_and_Fire_Hall', 'summary': 'The Hancock Town Hall and Fire Hall is a public building located at 399 Quincy Street in the Quincy Street Historic District in Hancock , Michigan . It is also known as the Hancock City Hall . It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 .'}]}, {'value': '399 Quincy Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hancock,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Hancock is a city in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is located across the Keweenaw Waterway from the city of Houghton on the Keweenaw Peninsula . The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census . The city has been consistently ranked as the third-snowiest city in the United States by The Weather Channel .'}]}, {'value': 'April 15 , 1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoar Family Mausoleum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forest Hill Cemetery near Michigan Tech campus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_Tech', 'summary': "Michigan Technological University ( Michigan Tech , MTU , or simply Tech ) is a public research university in Houghton , Michigan . Its main campus sits on 925 acres ( 374 ha ) on a bluff overlooking Portage Lake . Michigan Tech was founded in 1885 as the first post-secondary institution in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and was created to train mining engineers to operate the local copper mines . Science , technology , forestry and business have been added to the numerous engineering disciplines , and Michigan Tech now offers more than 130 degree programs through its five colleges and schools . Michigan Tech 's athletic teams are nicknamed the Huskies and compete primarily in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( GLIAC ) . The men 's hockey team competes in Division I as a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) , and has won three national championships . The women 's basketball team were national runners-up in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Portage Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portage_Township,_Houghton_County,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Portage Charter Township is a charter township of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . As of the 2010 census , the township population was 3,221 . The city of Houghton is adjacent to the north side of the township . Portage Lake is the eastern boundary in the north , and the township extends well south of Houghton to the Baraga County line .'}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton County Courthouse †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton_County_Courthouse', 'summary': 'The Houghton County Courthouse is a government building located at 401 E. Houghton Street in Houghton , Michigan . It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': '401 East Houghton Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houghton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan', 'summary': 'Houghton ( /ˈhoʊtən/ ) is the largest city and county seat of Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan . Located on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Houghton is the largest city in the Copper Country region . It is the fifth largest city in the Upper Peninsula , with a population of 7,708 at the 2010 census . Houghton is the principal city of the Houghton micropolitan area , which includes all of Houghton and Keweenaw County . The city of Houghton and the county were named after Douglass Houghton , an American geologist and physician , primarily known for his exploration of the Keweenaw Peninsula . Houghton has been listed as one of the 100 Best Small Towns in America . Houghton is home to Michigan Technological University , a public research college founded in 1885 . Michigan Tech hosts a yearly Winter Carnival in February , drawing thousands of visitors from around the world .'}]}, {'value': 'July 26 , 1974', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites_in_Houghton_County,_Michigan_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of Michigan State Historic Sites in Houghton County, Michigan. Sites marked with a dagger (†) are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Houghton County, Michigan.'}
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What is the location of the historic site that was previously known as the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One ?
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M-26 , along Torch Lake
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02efbe35f455bba5
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Basketball_Invitational', 'title': 'College Basketball Invitational', 'header': ['Year', 'Champion', 'Runner-up', 'MVP'], 'data': [{'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2008 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the 2008 National Invitation Tournament . The inaugural tournament began on March 18 on campus sites and ended on April 4 , won by the University of Tulsa , defeating their former Missouri Valley Conference rivals Bradley University in the best-of-three final . Tulsa center Jerome Jordan was the tournament MVP . The CBI was the first newly created post-season tournament since the Collegiate Commissioners Association Tournament in 1974 . The opening round was played on March 18 and 19 , 2008 with the second round being played on March 24 and the semifinals on March 26 . The championship was a best-of-three series with games being played on March 31 , April 2 , and April 4 of that year . The bracketing was done in East , West , South and Midwest regions . Following the quarterfinals , the teams were reseeded . Besides Tulsa and Bradley , Brown , Cincinnati , Houston , Miami ( Ohio ) , Nevada , Old Dominion , Ohio , Richmond , Rider , Utah , UTEP , Valparaiso , Virginia and Washington also participated in the tournament . New Mexico State turned down a CBI bid for financial reasons . Alabama , Seton Hall , Texas Tech , and Wake Forest turned down invitations as well for other various reasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulsa', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2007–08_Tulsa_Golden_Hurricane_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2007-08 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men 's basketball team represented the University of Tulsa in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I men 's basketball during the 2007-08 season . Playing in Conference USA ( C-USA ) and led by third-year head coach Doug Wojcik , the Golden Hurricane finished the season with a 25-14 overall record and won the 2008 College Basketball Invitational - the first year of the tournament 's existence . In C-USA play , the Golden Hurricane finished in sixth place with a 8-8 record . They advanced to the championship game of the 2008 C-USA Tournament , where they lost to top-seeded Memphis , 77-51 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Jerome Jordan , Tulsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerome_Jordan', 'summary': 'Jerome Adolphus Jordan ( born September 29 , 1986 ) is a Jamaican professional basketball player for Coosur Real Betis of the Liga ACB . He played college basketball for the University of Tulsa and represents the Jamaican national team in international competition .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2009 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the 2009 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the 2009 National Invitation Tournament . The opening round began Tuesday , March 17 . A best-of-three championship series between Oregon State and UTEP resulted in an Oregon State victory on April 3 . The 2009 CBI marked the first ever postseason tournament championship for Oregon State as well as a successful conclusion to head coach Craig Robinson 's first year . The Beavers were honored with a visit to the White House with president Barack Obama ; Robinson is the brother of First Lady Michelle Obama ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008–09_Oregon_State_Beavers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2008-09 Oregon State Beavers men 's basketball team represented Oregon State University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I men 's basketball during the 2008-09 season . Playing in the Pacific-10 Conference ( Pac-10 ) and led by first-year head coach Craig Robinson , the Beavers finished the season with a 18-18 overall record and won the 2009 College Basketball Invitational . It was Oregon State 's first-ever postseason tournament championship . Their 12-win improvement over the previous season was the third-highest turnaround in Division I in 2008-09 . In Pac-10 play , the Beavers finished in eighth place with a 7-11 record . They lost in the first round of the 2009 Pac-10 Tournament to Stanford , 62-54 ."}]}, {'value': 'UTEP', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UTEP_Miners_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UTEP Miners basketball team plays for University of Texas at El Paso in El Paso , Texas . The team is an NCAA Division I men 's college basketball team competing in the Conference USA . Home games are played at Don Haskins Center ."}]}, {'value': 'Roeland Schaftenaar , Oregon State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roeland_Schaftenaar', 'summary': 'Roeland Pieter Schaftenaar ( born July 29 , 1988 ) is a Dutch professional basketball player for Ionikos Nikaias of the Greek Basket League .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2010 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) is a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the 2010 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the 2010 National Invitation Tournament . The opening round began Tuesday , March 16 . A best-of-three championship series between the two teams in the final was held on March 29 , March 31 , and April 2 ."}]}, {'value': 'VCU', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009–10_VCU_Rams_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2009-10 VCU Rams men 's basketball team represented Virginia Commonwealth University during the 2009-10 college basketball season . This was head coach Shaka Smart 's first season at VCU . The Rams compete in the Colonial Athletic Association and played their home games at Stuart C. Siegel Center . They finished the season 27-9 , 11-7 in CAA play and lost in the semifinals of the 2010 CAA Men 's Basketball Tournament . They were champions of the 2010 College Basketball Invitational ."}]}, {'value': 'Saint Louis', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009–10_Saint_Louis_Billikens_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2009-10 Saint Louis Billikens men 's basketball team represented Saint Louis University in the 2009-10 college basketball season . This was head coach Rick Majerus 's third season at Saint Louis . The Billikens compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference and played their home games at Chaifetz Arena . They finished the season 23-13 , 11-5 in A-10 play and lost in the quarterfinals of the 2010 Atlantic 10 Men 's Basketball Tournament . They were invited to the 2010 College Basketball Invitational where they advanced to the best-of-3 games final . They lost 0-2 to VCU ."}]}, {'value': 'Joey Rodriguez , VCU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': 'The 2011 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 NCAA Division I teams that did not participate in the 2011 NCAA Tournament nor the 2011 National Invitation Tournament . The opening round began Tuesday , March 15 . A best-of-three championship series between the two teams in the final was held on March 28 , March 30 , and April 1 . The tournament was won by Oregon who defeated Creighton in the finals after losing game one but winning the next two games at home to claim the title . This was the second time that the tournament was won by a team from the Pacific-10 Conference who entered the tournament with a losing record ( Oregon State , 2009 ) . Coach Dana Altman , who was in his first year at Oregon , coached at Creighton the year before .'}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010–11_Oregon_Ducks_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2010-11 Oregon Ducks men 's basketball team represented the University of Oregon during the 2010-11 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Ducks , led by first year head coach Dana Altman , played the first part of their home games at McArthur Court until the completion of their new stadium , Matthew Knight Arena , in January . They are members of the Pacific-10 Conference . They finished the season 21-18 , 7-11 in Pac-10 play and lost in the semifinals of the 2011 Pacific-10 Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament to Washington . They were invited to and were champions of the 2011 College Basketball Invitational , defeating Creighton in the best-of-three games finals 2-1 . The Ducks were the second team from the Pac-10 to enter the CBI with a losing record and win the tournament ( Oregon State , 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Creighton', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010–11_Creighton_Bluejays_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2010-11 Creighton Bluejays men 's basketball team represented Creighton University during the 2010-11 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Bluejays , led by first year head coach Greg McDermott , played their home games at the Qwest Center Omaha and are members of the Missouri Valley Conference . They finished the season 23-16 , 10-8 in MVC play and lost in the semifinals of the 2011 Missouri Valley Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament to Missouri State . There were invited to the 2011 College Basketball Invitational where they advanced to the best-of-three finals against Oregon where they lost the series 1-2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Joevan Catron , Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joevan_Catron', 'summary': 'Joevan Eugene Catron ( born February 25 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': 'The 2012 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 NCAA Division I teams that did not participate in the 2012 NCAA Tournament or the 2012 National Invitation Tournament . The opening games began on Tuesday , March 13 . A best-of-three championship series between the final two teams was held on March 26 , March 28 , and March 30 . HDNet covered select games from the first and second rounds as well as the semifinals and the championship games for the fourth consecutive year . The tournament was won by Pittsburgh who defeated Washington State 2-1 in the finals series .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011–12_Pittsburgh_Panthers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2011-12 Pittsburgh Panthers men 's basketball team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 2011-12 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . Their head coach was Jamie Dixon , who was in his ninth year as head coach at Pittsburgh and 13th overall at the University . The team played its home games in the Petersen Events Center in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania and are members of the Big East Conference . Pitt entered the 2011-12 season picked to finish fourth in the Big East Conference , ranked # 11 in the pre-season ESPN/USA Today Coaches Poll , and with the Big East pre-season player of the year , Ashton Gibbs . They finished the season 22-17 , 5-13 in Big East play for a disappointing 13th-place finish . They lost in the second round of the Big East Basketball Tournament to Georgetown . They were invited to the 2012 College Basketball Invitational where they advanced to the best of three game finals series against Washington State . They defeated the Cougars 2 games to 1 to be the 2012 CBI Champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011–12_Washington_State_Cougars_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2011-12 Washington State Cougars men 's basketball team represented Washington State University during the 2011-12 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The team played its home games on Jack Friel Court at Beasley Coliseum in Pullman , Washington and are members of the Pac-12 Conference . They were led by third year head coach Ken Bone . They finished with the record of 19-18 overall , 7-11 in Pac-12 play . They lost in the first round of the Pac-12 Basketball Tournament to Oregon State . They were invited to the 2012 College Basketball Invitational where they advanced to the best of three finals series , falling to Pittsburgh 2 games to 1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamar Patterson , Pittsburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamar_Patterson', 'summary': 'Lamar Patterson ( born August 12 , 1991 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . He played college basketball for the Pittsburgh Panthers .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': 'The 2013 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the NCAA Tournament or the NIT . The opening games were held on Tuesday , March 19 . A best-of-three championship series between the final two teams was held on April 1 , April 3 , and April 5 .'}]}, {'value': 'Santa Clara', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_Santa_Clara_Broncos_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2012-13 Santa Clara Broncos men 's basketball team represented the University of Santa Clara during the 2012-13 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . This was head coach Kerry Keating 's sixth season at Santa Clara . The Broncos played their home games at the Leavey Center and were members of the West Coast Conference . They finished the season 26-12 , 9-7 in WCC play to finish in fourth place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the WCC Tournament to Loyola Marymount . They were invited to the 2013 College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Vermont , Purdue and Wright State to advance to the best-of-three games finals against George Mason . They won the series 2 games to 1 to become the 2013 CBI Champions . Santa Clara is the first school to win a CBI championship and a CIT championship ( CIT won by the 2010-11 team ) ."}]}, {'value': 'George Mason', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_George_Mason_Patriots_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2012-13 George Mason Patriots men 's basketball team represented George Mason University during the 2012-13 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . This was the 47th season for the program . The Patriots , led by head coach Paul Hewitt , were members of the Colonial Athletic Association and played their home games at the Patriot Center , with one home game at the Recreation and Athletic Complex . They finished the season 22-16 , 10-8 in CAA play to finish in a tie for fifth place . They advanced to the semifinals of the CAA Tournament where they lost to Northeastern . They were invited to the 2013 College Basketball Invitational where they defeated the College of Charleston , Houston , and Western Michigan to advance to the best-of-three games finals series vs Santa Clara . They lost the series to Santa Clara 2 games to 1 to be the CBI Runner-Up . This was the Patriots final season as a member of the CAA . They joined the Atlantic 10 Conference in July , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Foster , Santa Clara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Foster_(basketball)', 'summary': "Kevin Foster ( born June 17 , 1990 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Beşiktaş of the Turkish Basketball League ( TBL ) . The 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) shooting guard played college basketball for Santa Clara University between 2008-09 and 2012-13 . Foster made 431 three-point field goals in his career , which is tied for the fourth-most all-time in NCAA Division I history . He finished his collegiate career as Santa Clara 's all-time leading scorer with 2,423 points , which is also the most in San Francisco Bay Area Division I history and second most in West Coast Conference history . Foster holds a rare distinction of being named a most valuable player ( MVP ) in two different postseason tournaments : the 2011 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament ( CIT ) and the 2013 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) , both of which Santa Clara won ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': 'The 2014 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the NCAA Tournament or the NIT . The opening games were held on Tuesday , March 18 and Wednesday , March 19 . After the quarterfinals , the bracket was reseeded . A best-of-three championship series between the eventual winner Siena College and the loser Fresno State was held on March 31 , April 2 , and April 5 in a best of three series . Games were televised by the CBS Sports Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Siena', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013–14_Siena_Saints_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2013-14 Siena Saints men 's basketball team represented Siena College during the 2013-14 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Saints , led by first year head coach Jimmy Patsos , played their home games at the Times Union Center , with some exhibition and postseason games at Alumni Recreation Center , and were members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference . They finished the season 20-18 , 11-9 in MAAC play to finish in fifth place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the MAAC Tournament to Canisius . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Stony Brook , Penn State and Illinois State to advance to the best-of-3 finals vs Fresno State . In the finals , they defeated Fresno State 2 games to 1 to be crowned 2014 CBI champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Fresno State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013–14_Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2013-14 Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represented California State University , Fresno during the 2013-14 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . This was head coach Rodney Terry 's third season at Fresno State . The Bulldogs played their home games at the Save Mart Center and they were members of the Mountain West Conference . They finished the season 21-18 , 9-9 in Mountain West play to finish in a tie for fifth place . They lost in the quarterfinals of the Mountain West Conference Tournament to New Mexico . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they advanced to the best of 3 finals where they lost to Siena 1 games to 2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brett Bisping , Siena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2015 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 NCAA Division I teams that did not participate in the NCAA Tournament or the NIT . The opening games and the quarterfinals were held in mid-March on the home courts of participating teams . After the quarterfinals , the bracket were reseeded . A best-of-three championship series between the two finalist teams was held , with Loyola-Chicago winning the title with a two-game sweep . One change from this year 's CBI Tournament was the use of a 30-second shot clock ( instead of a 35-second clock ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Loyola Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2014–15_Loyola_Ramblers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Loyola Ramblers men 's basketball team represented Loyola University Chicago during the 2014-15 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Ramblers , led by fourth year head coach Porter Moser , played their home games at the Joseph J. Gentile Arena and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference . They finished the season 24-13 , 8-10 in MVC play to finish in sixth place . They advanced to the semifinals of the Missouri Valley Tournament where they lost to Northern Iowa . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Rider , Oral Roberts , and Seattle to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Louisiana-Monroe . They defeated Louisiana-Monroe 2 games to 0 to become the CBI champions ."}]}, {'value': 'UL Monroe', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2014–15_Louisiana–Monroe_Warhawks_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Louisiana-Monroe Warhawks men 's basketball team represented the University of Louisiana at Monroe in the 2014-15 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Warhawks , led by fifth year head coach Keith Richard , played their home games at Fant-Ewing Coliseum and were members of the Sun Belt Conference . They finished the season 24-14 , 14-6 in Sun Belt play to finish in a tie for second place . They advanced to the semifinals of the Sun Belt Tournament where they lost to Georgia Southern . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Eastern Michigan , Mercer , and Vermont to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Loyola-Chicago . They lost to Loyola-Chicago in the finals 2 games to 0 ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl Peterson , Loyola Chicago', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': 'The 2016 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the NCAA Tournament or the NIT . The opening games and the quarterfinals were held in mid-March on the home courts of participating teams . After the quarterfinals , the bracket was reseeded for the semifinals . A best-of-three championship series was held between the two finalist teams . An experimental rule allowing players six personal fouls instead of five was used in all national postseason tournaments except for the NCAA Tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015–16_Nevada_Wolf_Pack_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2015-16 Nevada Wolf Pack men 's basketball team represented the University of Nevada , Reno during the 2015-16 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Wolf Pack , led by first year head coach Eric Musselman , played their home games at the Lawlor Events Center and were members of the Mountain West Conference . They finished the season 24-14 , 10-8 in Mountain West play to finish in a tie for fourth place . They defeated New Mexico in the quarterfinals of the Mountain West Tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to San Diego State . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Montana , Eastern Washington , and Vermont to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Morehead State . They defeated Morehead State 2 games to 1 to become the CBI champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Morehead State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015–16_Morehead_State_Eagles_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2015-16 Morehead State Eagles men 's basketball team represented Morehead State University during the 2015-16 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Eagles , led by fourth year head coach Sean Woods , played their home games at Ellis Johnson Arena and were members of the East Division of the Ohio Valley Conference . They finished the season 23-14 , 11-5 in OVC play to finish in a three-way tie for second place in the East Division . They defeated Morehead State in the quarterfinals of the OVC Tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to UT Martin . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Siena , Duquesne , and Ohio to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Nevada where they lost 2 games to 1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tyron Criswell , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2017 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination tournament of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate on the 2017 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the NIT . The opening games were held on March 15 and the quarterfinals were held on March 20 on campus sites . After the quarterfinals , the brackets were reseeded for the semi-finals which was held on March 22 . A best of three championship series closed out the tournament on March 27 , 29 , and 31 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016–17_Wyoming_Cowboys_basketball_team', 'summary': "The 2016-17 Wyoming Cowboys basketball team represented the University of Wyoming during the 2016-17 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . Their head coach was Allen Edwards in his first year . They played their home games at the Arena-Auditorium in Laramie , Wyoming as a member of the Mountain West Conference . They finished the season 23-15 , 8-10 in Mountain West play to finish in seventh place . They lost in the first round of the Mountain West Tournament to Air Force . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Eastern Washington , UMKC and Utah Valley to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Coastal Carolina . They defeated Coastal Carolina 2 games to 1 to become CBI champions . They become the second consecutive Mountain West team to win the CBI after Nevada in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Coastal Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2016–17_Coastal_Carolina_Chanticleers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2016-17 Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men 's basketball team represented Coastal Carolina University during the 2016-17 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Chanticleers , led by tenth-year head coach Cliff Ellis , played their home games at the HTC Center in Conway , South Carolina as first-year members of the Sun Belt Conference . They finished the season 20-19 , 10-8 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three-way tie for sixth place . As the No . 8 seed in the Sun Belt Tournament , they defeated South Alabama before losing to Texas-Arlington in the quarterfinals . They received an invitation to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Hampton , Loyola ( MD ) and UIC to advance to the best-of-three finals series against Wyoming where they lost 2 games to 1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Justin James , Wyoming', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2018 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination men 's college basketball tournament consisting of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the 2018 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the NIT . It was held from March 13 through March 30 , 2018 in various arenas . This marked the 11th year the Tournament had been held . North Texas defeated San Francisco two games to one in the best-of-three championship series to win the CBI championship ."}]}, {'value': 'North Texas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2017–18_North_Texas_Mean_Green_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2017-18 North Texas Mean Green men 's basketball team represented the University of North Texas during the 2017-18 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Mean Green , led by first-year head coach Grant McCasland , played their home games at UNT Coliseum , nicknamed The Super Pit , in Denton , Texas , as members of Conference USA . They finished the season 20-18 , 8-10 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for seventh place . They lost in the first round of the C-USA Tournament to Louisiana Tech . They were invited to participate in the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated South Dakota , Mercer , and Jacksonville State to advance to the best-of-three finals series against San Francisco . After losing in game 1 , they won games 2 and 3 to become CBI champions . They also had the biggest crowd since 2010 at 6,291 ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2017–18_San_Francisco_Dons_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2017-18 San Francisco Dons men 's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco during the 2017-18 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The Dons , led by second-year head coach Kyle Smith , played their home games at the War Memorial Gymnasium as members of the West Coast Conference . They finished the season 22-17 , 9-9 in WCC play to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place . They defeated Pacific in the quarterfinals of the WCC Tournament before losing in the semifinals to Gonzaga . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Colgate , Utah Valley , and Campbell to advance to the best-of-three championship series against North Texas where they won game 1 before losing game 2 and 3 ."}]}, {'value': 'Roosevelt Smart , North Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_College_Basketball_Invitational', 'summary': "The 2019 College Basketball Invitational ( CBI ) was a single-elimination men 's college basketball tournament consisting of 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I teams that did not participate in the 2019 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament or the NIT . It was held from March 19 through April 5 , 2019 in various arenas . This event marked the 12th year the tournament has been held ."}]}, {'value': 'South Florida', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2018–19_South_Florida_Bulls_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2018-19 South Florida Bulls men 's basketball team represented the University of South Florida during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . The season marked the 47th basketball season for USF , the sixth as a member of the American Athletic Conference , and the second season under head coach Brian Gregory . The Bulls played their home games at Yuengling Center on the university 's Tampa , Florida campus . They finished the season 24-14 , 8-10 in AAC play to finish in a tie for seventh place . They lost in the first round of the AAC Tournament to UConn . They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Stony Brook , Utah Valley , and Loyola Marymount to advance to the best-of-three finals vs DePaul . They defeated DePaul 2 games to 1 to become CBI champions ."}]}, {'value': 'DePaul', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2018–19_DePaul_Blue_Demons_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 2018-19 DePaul Blue Demons men 's basketball team represented DePaul University during the 2018-19 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . They were led by fourth-year ( seventh overall with DePaul ) head coach Dave Leitao and played their home games at the Wintrust Arena in Chicago as members of the Big East Conference . They finished the season 19-17 , 7-11 in Big East play to finish in a three-way tie for last place . As the No . 10 seed in the Big East Tournament , they lost in the first round to St. John 's . They received a bid to the College Basketball Invitational where they defeated Central Michigan , Longwood , and Coastal Carolina to advance to the championship series against South Florida . There , in a best-of-three series , they lost to South Florida two games to one ."}]}, {'value': 'David Collins , South Florida', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Champions', 'section_text': 'TulsaOregon StateVCUOregonPittsburghSantaClaraSienaLoyolaNevadaWyomingNorth TexasSouth Florida CBI Champions – 1 championship', 'uid': 'College_Basketball_Invitational_1', 'intro': "The College Basketball Invitational (CBI) is a men's college basketball tournament created in 2007 by The Gazelle Group. The inaugural tournament occurred after the conclusion of the 2007-08 men's college basketball regular season. The CBI selects 16 teams that are not selected for the NCAA Tournament or the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), and who are willing to pay a $50,000 entry fee to participate. In the CBI, teams compete on home courts. The CBI is a single-elimination tournament until the final two teams are determined, after which the championship is determined by a championship series with a best-two-out-of-three format."}
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Which team was runner-up when the team that plays home games at the Lawlor Events Center won the tournament ?
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Morehead State
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02f0213ad112dae5
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CNBC_channels', 'title': 'List of CNBC channels', 'header': ['Channel', 'Established', 'Owner ( s )', 'Language', 'Headquarters', 'Area served'], 'data': [{'value': 'Class CNBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Class_CNBC', 'summary': "Class CNBC ( formerly CFN/CNBC ) is an Italian pay television channel , working as a localised version of CNBC Europe , albeit with a major focus on the Italian financial markets . The channel is headquartered in Milan , site of the Borsa Italiana , and is a joint venture between the publishing house Class Editori , which holds a majority stake , along with NBC Universal ( owner of CNBC Europe ) and Italy 's largest commercial television company Mediaset , who hold 20% of the channel each . The channel broadcasts for sixteen hours per day , covering trading in Europe , Asia and the United States and it has correspondents in other countries , such as at CNBC Europe in London . Class CNBC uses the current on-air graphical look of CNBC Europe , but it has used the same ticker since the launch of the channel . The director is Andrea Cabrini ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Class Editori ( 60% ) , Mediaset ( 20% ) , NBCUniversal ( 20% )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Class_Editori', 'summary': 'Class Editori S.p.A. is an Italian media conglomerate that is based in Milan and listed on the Italian Stock Exchange since November 30 , 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mediaset', 'summary': "Mediaset S.p.A. , also known as Gruppo Mediaset in Italian , is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country . Founded in 1987 by former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and still controlled today with a 38.6% stake by his family 's holding company Fininvest , the group competes primarily against the public broadcaster RAI , the privately owned La7 and Sky plc 's Sky Italia . Mediaset 's headquarters are in Milan , Lombardy . Many of its studios are located in the Milano 2 area of Segrate , a municipality bordering Milan , where broadcasts of local station TeleMilano ( now airing nationally as Mediaset 's Canale 5 ) began in 1978 . After merging with various local broadcaster to form the Canale 5 syndication , much production was moved to Cologno Monzese , where the infrastructure of the former Telealtomilanese was present . The company currently has three main television production centres , in Milan ( Segrate , Cologno Monzese ) and Rome . Due to their proximity to Italy , other countries including France , Croatia , Switzerland , Spain , Greece , Albania , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro and Slovenia also receive Mediaset broadcasts . In addition to its domestic television interests , Mediaset also operates a series of news , entertainment and sport websites ; holds 50.1% of the Spanish broadcasting firm Mediaset España Comunicación ; owns the film production company Medusa Film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/NBCUniversal', 'summary': "NBCUniversal Media , LLC is an American mass media conglomerate owned by Comcast and headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . NBCUniversal is primarily involved in the media and entertainment industry . It is named for its most significant divisions , the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) - one of the United States ' Big Three television networks - and the major Hollywood film studio Universal Pictures . It also has a significant presence in broadcasting through a portfolio of domestic and international properties , including USA Network , SyFy , Bravo , Telemundo , Universal Kids , and the streaming service Peacock . Via its Universal Parks & Resorts division , NBCUniversal is also the third-largest operator of amusement parks in the world . NBCUniversal was formed on August 2 , 2004 with the merger of General Electric 's NBC with Vivendi Universal 's film and television subsidiary Vivendi Universal Entertainment , after GE had acquired 80% of the subsidiary , giving Vivendi a 20% share of the new company . In 2011 , Comcast attained 51% and thereby the control of newly reformed NBCUniversal , by purchasing shares from GE , while GE bought out Vivendi . Since 2013 , the company has been wholly owned by Comcast , which bought GE 's ownership stake ."}]}, {'value': 'Italian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italian_language', 'summary': 'Italian ( italiano [ itaˈljaːno ] ( listen ) or lingua italiana [ ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna ] ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family . Italian descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire and , together with Sardinian , is by most measures the closest language to it of the Romance languages . Italian is an official language in Italy , Switzerland ( where it is the first language in Canton Ticino and in the districts of Moesa and Bernina in Canton Graubünden ) , San Marino and Vatican City . It has an official minority status in western Istria ( Croatia and Slovenia ) . It formerly had official status in Albania , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro ( Kotor ) and Greece ( Ionian Islands and Dodecanese ) , and is generally understood in Corsica ( due to its close relation with the Tuscan-influenced local language ) and Savoie . It also used to be an official language in the former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa , where it still plays a significant role in various sectors . Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia . Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania , although Italian is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries . Many speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian ( either in its standard form or regional varieties ) and other regional languages . Italian is a major European language , being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of the working languages of the Council of Europe . It is the fourth most widely spoken first language in the European Union with 69 million native speakers ( 13% of the EU population ) and it is spoken as a second language by 16 million EU citizens ( 3% ) . Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries ( such as Switzerland and Albania ) and on other continents , the total number of speakers is around 90 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Milan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milan', 'summary': "Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC', 'summary': 'CNBC is an American pay television business news channel that is owned by NBCUniversal Broadcast , Cable , Sports and News , a division of NBCUniversal , with both being ultimately owned by Comcast . Headquartered in Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey , the network primarily carries business day coverage of U.S. and international financial markets ; following the end of the business day and on non-trading days , CNBC primarily carries financial and business-themed documentaries and reality shows . CNBC was originally established on April 17 , 1989 as a joint venture between NBC and Cablevision as the Consumer News and Business Channel . Two years later , in 1991 , the network acquired its main competitor , the Financial News Network , a move which expanded both its distribution and its workforce . Cablevision subsequently sold its stake to NBC , giving NBC sole ownership . As of February 2015 , CNBC is available to approximately 93,623,000 pay television households ( 80.4% of households with television ) in the United States . In 2007 , the network was ranked as the 19th most valuable cable channel in the United States , worth roughly $ 4 billion . In addition to the domestic U.S. feed , various localized versions of CNBC also operate , serving different regions and countries . NBCUniversal is the owner , or a minority stakeholder , in many of these versions .'}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_language', 'summary': 'English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and eventually became a global lingua franca . It is named after the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name , as England . Both names derive from Anglia , a peninsula in the Baltic Sea . The language is closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon , and its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages , particularly Norse ( a North Germanic language ) , and to a greater extent by Latin and French . English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years . The earliest forms of English , a group of West Germanic ( Ingvaeonic ) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century , are collectively called Old English . Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England ; this was a period in which the language was influenced by French . Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London , the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift . Modern English has been spreading around the world since the 17th century by the worldwide influence of the British Empire and the United States . Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries , English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science , navigation and law . English is the largest language by number of speakers , and the third most-spoken native language in the world , after Standard Chinese and Spanish . It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states .'}]}, {'value': 'Englewood Cliffs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Englewood Cliffs is a borough in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 5,281 , reflecting a decline of 41 ( -0.8% ) from the 5,322 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn declined by 312 ( -5.5% ) from the 5,634 counted in the 1990 Census . The borough houses the world headquarters of CNBC ( NBCUniversal ) , the North American headquarters of South Korean conglomerate LG Corp , and the American headquarters of global CPG conglomerate Unilever , and is home to both Ferrari and Maserati North America . The borough 's formation dates back to an election for Road Commissioner in Road District 1 between William Outis Allison and Clinton Blake , a future mayor of Englewood . Blake won the vote , but Allison challenged the result , arguing that women had been improperly allowed to vote . The vote was overturned , but Englewood officials would not seat Allison , which ultimately led to his successful efforts in 1895 to have Road District 1 secede to form the Borough of Englewood Cliffs , with Allison serving as the new municipality 's first mayor . Englewood Cliffs was formed as a borough on May 10 , 1895 , from portions of the now defunct townships of Englewood Township and Palisades Township , based on the results of a referendum held the previous day . The borough was formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County , as of one two boroughs created in 1895 after 26 boroughs had been formed in the county in 1894 alone ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Africa', 'summary': 'CNBC Africa is an African pay television network launched on 1 June 2007 . Founded by Rakesh Wahi and Zafar Siddiqi , the network is produced under license from CNBC International and is owned by Africa Business News . It is headquartered in Sandton , Johannesburg . The channel features programmes and updates from CNBC Europe , the Middle East , India , Pakistan , the US and other CNBC affiliates around the world .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal / Africa Business News', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johannesburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}]}, {'value': 'Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Africa', 'summary': "Africa is the world 's second-largest and second-most populous continent , after Asia . At about 30.3 million km2 ( 11.7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6% of Earth 's total surface area and 20% of its land area . With 1.3 billion people as of 2018 , it accounts for about 16% of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states ( countries ) , four territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition . The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere , with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere . Africa 's average population is the youngest amongst all the continents ; the median age in 2012 was 19.7 , when the worldwide median age was 30.4 . Algeria is Africa 's largest country by area , and Nigeria is its largest by population . Africa , particularly central Eastern Africa , is widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade ( great apes ) , as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors as well as later ones that have been dated to around 7 million years ago , including Sahelanthropus tchadensis , Australopithecus africanus , A. afarensis , Homo erectus , H. habilis and H. ergaster - the earliest Homo sapiens ( modern human ) , found in Ethiopia , date to circa 200,000 years ago . Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas ; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones . Africa hosts a large diversity of ethnicities , cultures and languages ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Arabiya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Arabiya', 'summary': "CNBC Arabiya ( Arabic : CNBC العربية ) is an Arab free-to-air television channel . It covers regional and international affairs from an Arab economic perspective . CNBC Arabiya 's daily program schedule features the region 's business news summary , including regional stock market summary , regional corporate news , news about women in business , news about green businesses , and personal finance . It also includes developments from Europe and America , concentrating on how they affect the Middle East . It is the only business-focused channel that delivers live regional market data in the Middle East market , providing both a ticker and analytical reporting . The channel also offers an interactive website at cnbcarabia.com ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle East Business News ( franchisee )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arabic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arabic_language', 'summary': 'Arabic ( Arabic : اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ , al-ʿarabiyyah , [ al ʕaraˈbijːa ] ( listen ) or عَرَبِيّ , ʿarabīy , [ ˈʕarabiː ] ( listen ) or [ ʕaraˈbij ] ) is a Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE . It is now the lingua franca of the Arab world . It is named after the Arabs , a term initially used to describe peoples living in the area bounded by Mesopotamia in the east and the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west , in Northwestern Arabia and in the Sinai Peninsula . The ISO assigns language codes to thirty varieties of Arabic , including its standard form , Modern Standard Arabic , also referred to as Literary Arabic , which is modernized Classical Arabic . This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists ; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic , but rather refer to both as al-ʿarabiyyatu l-fuṣḥā ( اَلعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ , the purest Arabic ) or simply al-fuṣḥā ( اَلْفُصْحَىٰ ) . Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities and is used to varying degrees in workplaces , government and the media . Arabic , in its standard form , is the official language of 26 states , as well as the liturgical language of the religion of Islam , since the Quran and Hadith were written in Arabic . During the Middle Ages , Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe , especially in science , mathematics and philosophy . As a result , many European languages have also borrowed many words from it . Arabic influence , mainly in vocabulary , is seen in European languages - mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese and Catalan - owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and almost 800 years of Arabic culture and language presence in the Iberian Peninsula , referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus . Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words , many of which relate to agriculture and related activities , [ full citation needed ] as a legacy of the Emirate of Sicily from the mid-9th to mid-10th centuries , while Maltese language is a Semitic language developed from a dialect of Arabic and written in the Latin alphabet . The Balkan languages , including Greek and Bulgarian , have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish .'}]}, {'value': 'Dubai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubai', 'summary': "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ."}]}, {'value': 'Arab World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arab_World', 'summary': 'The Arab world ( Arabic : العالم العربي al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī ; formally : Arab homeland , الوطن العربي al-waṭan al-ʿarabī ) , also known as the Arab nation ( الأمة العربية al-ummah al-ʿarabīyyah ) , the Arabsphere , or the Arab states , consists of the 22 Arabic-speaking countries which are members of the Arab League . These countries are located in Western Asia , North Africa , and the Horn of Africa , while the southernmost member , the Comoros , is an island country off the coast of East Africa . The region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east , and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Indian Ocean in the southeast . Arabic is used as the lingua franca throughout the Arab world . Malta , an island country in Southern Europe whose national language also derives from Arabic ( through Sicilian Arabic ) , is not included in the region . Similarly , Chad , Eritrea , and Israel recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League ( although Chad and Eritrea applied for full membership in 2014 ) . The Arab world has a combined population of around 422 million inhabitants ( as of 2012 ) and a gross domestic product of $ 2.782 trillion ( 2018 ) . The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the Mashriq , and the western part as the Maghreb . In post-classical history , the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates . Arab nationalism arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire . The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries ; a project known as Pan-Arabism .'}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Asia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Asia', 'summary': 'CNBC Asia is a Southeast Asian pay television business channel in Asia . A subsidiary of NBCUniversal , it is the Asian service of CNBC ( Consumer News and Business Channel ) . Its programmes originate from Singapore , Hong Kong and Sydney .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Singapore , Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singapore', 'summary': "Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mumbai', 'summary': "Mumbai ( English : /mʊmˈbaɪ/ , Marathi : [ ˈmumbəi ] ; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . According to United Nations , as of 2018 , Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million . As per Indian government population census of 2011 , Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai . Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India . Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Elephanta Caves , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus , and the city 's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings . The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people , who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea ."}]}, {'value': 'Asia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asia', 'summary': "Asia ( /ˈeɪʒə , ˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) ) is Earth 's largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres . It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa . Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres ( 17,212,000 sq mi ) , about 30% of Earth 's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth 's total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements , as well as vast barely populated regions . Its 4.5 billion people ( as of June 2019 [ update ] ) constitute roughly 60% of the world 's population , more than all other continents combined . In general terms , Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean , on the south by the Indian Ocean , and on the north by the Arctic Ocean . The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct , as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them . It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity . The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural , linguistic , and ethnic differences , some of which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line . The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa ; and to the east of the Turkish Straits , the Ural Mountains and Ural River , and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas , separating it from Europe . China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Awaaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Awaaz', 'summary': "CNBC Awaaz is an Indian pay television channel , owned by CNBC and TV18 based in New Delhi . CNBC Awaaz launched 'CNBC Awaaz Travel Awards ' ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV18 ( 90% ) , NBCUniversal ( 10% )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV18', 'summary': "TV18 Broadcast Ltd. is an Indian entity belonging to Network 18 Group based in Mumbai . TV18 owns and operates various channels of the NBCUniversal group for the Indian viewers such as CNBC-TV18 , CNBC Awaaz & CNBC-TV18 Prime HD as well as WarnerMedia - CNN-News18 . TV18 has also forayed into the Indian factual entertainment space through a joint venture with A+E Networks and operates History TV18 and fyi TV18 . In the regional space , the group operates a Gujarati business news channel - CNBC Bajar , a Marathi general news channel - News18 Lokmat and operates ten regional news channels under the News18 umbrella and 3 regional entertainment channels under the News18 brand . The group also operates a 24-hour Indian news channel in English - News18 India , targeting global audiences . TV18 and Viacom18 have formed a strategic joint venture called IndiaCast , a multi-platform 'content asset monetization ' entity that drives domestic and international channel distribution , placement services and content syndication for the bouquet of channels from the group and third parties . On 31 January 2018 TV18 increased its stake in the Viacom 18 joint venture to 51% taking operational control ."}]}, {'value': 'Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Standard_Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai', 'summary': "Mumbai ( English : /mʊmˈbaɪ/ , Marathi : [ ˈmumbəi ] ; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . According to United Nations , as of 2018 , Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million . As per Indian government population census of 2011 , Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai . Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India . Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Elephanta Caves , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus , and the city 's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings . The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people , who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Europe', 'summary': 'CNBC Europe ( referred to on air simply as CNBC ) is a business and financial news television channel which airs across Europe . The station is based in London , where it shares the Adrian Smith-designed 10 Fleet Place building with organisations including Dow Jones & Company . Along with CNBC Asia , the channel is operated by the Singapore-headquartered CNBC subsidiary company CNBC International , which is in turn wholly owned by NBCUniversal .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Europe', 'summary': "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere . It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , and Asia to the east . The eastern border comprises a long and mixed line of mountain ranges and waterways that would normally define a subcontinent . However , Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition . It is the 6th largest continent in the world . Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres ( 3,930,000 sq mi ) , or 2% of the Earth 's surface ( 6.8% of land area ) . Politically , Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which Russia is the largest and most populous , spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population . Europe had a total population of about 741 million ( about 11% of the world population ) as of 2018 [ update ] . The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent , even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe . Further from the sea , seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast . Europe , in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome , was the birthplace of Western civilisation ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC TV18', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_TV18', 'summary': 'CNBC TV18 is an Indian pay television news channel owned by CNBC and TV18 .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV18 ( 90% ) , NBCUniversal ( 10% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CNBC World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_World', 'summary': "CNBC World is an American pay television business news channel operated by NBCUniversal which provides coverage of world markets alongside the domestic CNBC service , using programmes from CNBC 's international networks based in Europe , Asia , India , and other regions served by a domestic CNBC channel or affiliate . Effectively , this makes the network 's prime time timeslot the graveyard slot , due to timezone differences , when it simulcasts live programming from their overseas sister networks . During U.S. trading hours covered by the main CNBC network , several other pre-taped shows from CNBC 's different international channels ( e.g . CNBC-TV18 ) are also seen on the channel , along with CNBC Prime reality programming such as American Greed and other CNBC specials are shown , in order to force viewers to tune in to the main CNBC service for business information outside the Eurasian market days . As of 2017 , the network is not offered in high definition and the only way to watch CNBC 's international networks in that format in the United States is through the premium monthly/yearly streaming service , CNBC Pro . Before 2001 , CNBC Asia 's coverage was seen on American cable via the International Channel , both before and after that network 's merger with Asia Business News ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Englewood Cliffs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nikkei CNBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikkei_CNBC', 'summary': 'Nikkei CNBC ( 日経CNBC ) is a business and financial news television channel broadcast in Japan . It is owned primarily by CNBC Asia and Japanese media group Nihon Keizai Shimbun and TV Tokyo Holdings Corporation . The channel is a result of the merger of the former Nikkei Satellite News ( launched 1990 ) and Asia Business News ( launched 1997 , renamed CNBC Business News in 1998 ) by an agreement with CNBC Asia and Nihon Keizai Shimbun .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nikkei ( 51% ) , NBCUniversal , TV Tokyo , Jupiter TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nihon_Keizai_Shimbun', 'summary': "The Nikkei , formally known as The Nihon Keizai Shinbun ( 日本経済新聞 , Japan Economics Newspaper ) , is Nikkei , Inc. 's flagship publication and the world 's largest financial newspaper , with a daily circulation exceeding three million . The Nikkei 225 , a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange , has been calculated by the newspaper since 1950 . The roots of the Nikkei started with an in-house newspaper department of Mitsui & Company in 1876 when it started publication of Chugai Bukka Shimpo ( literally Domestic and Foreign Commodity Price Newspaper ) , a weekly market-quotation bulletin . The department was spun out as the Shokyosha in 1882 . The paper became daily ( except Sunday ) in 1885 and was renamed Chugai Shogyo Simpo in 1889 . It was merged with Nikkan Kogyo and Keizai Jiji and renamed Nihon Sangyo Keizai Shimbun in 1942 . The paper changed its name to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun in 1946 . As of 30 November 2015 Nikkei became the official owner of the Financial Times , having bought the newspaper from Pearson PLC ."}, {'url': '/wiki/TV_Tokyo', 'summary': 'TV Tokyo Corporation ( or TX ) ( 株式会社テレビ東京 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Tōkyō ) TYO : 9413 is a television station headquartered in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan majorly controlled by Nikkei , Inc. Also known as Teleto ( テレ東 , Teretō ) , a blend of terebi and Tokyo , it is the flagship station of TX Network . It is one of the major Tokyo television stations , particularly specializing in anime .'}]}, {'value': 'Japanese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japanese_language', 'summary': "Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo [ ɲihoŋɡo ] ( listen ) ) is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people , primarily in Japan , where it is the national language . It is a member of the Japonic ( or Japanese-Ryukyuan ) language family , and its relation to other languages , such as Korean , is debated . Japanese has been grouped with language families such as Ainu , Austroasiatic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals has gained widespread acceptance . Little is known of the language 's prehistory , or when it first appeared in Japan . Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words , but substantial texts did not appear until the 8th century . During the Heian period ( 794-1185 ) , Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese . Late Middle Japanese ( 1185-1600 ) included changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language , and the first appearance of European loanwords . The standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo ( modern Tokyo ) region in the Early Modern Japanese period ( early 17th century-mid-19th century ) . Following the end of Japan 's self-imposed isolation in 1853 , the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly . English loanwords , in particular , have become frequent , and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated . Japanese is an agglutinative , mora-timed language with simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system , phonemic vowel and consonant length , and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject-object-verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words , and sentence structure is topic-comment ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo', 'summary': "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SBS-CNBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SBS-CNBC', 'summary': 'SBS CNBC is a 24-hour business news channel in South Korea .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal and SBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': 'Seoul Broadcasting System ( SBS ) ( Korean : 에스비에스 ; RR : Eseubieseu ) is a national South Korean television and radio network company . In March 2000 , the company legally became known as SBS , changing its corporate name from Seoul Broadcasting System ( 서울방송 ) . It has provided terrestrial digital TV service in the ATSC format since 2001 , and T-DMB ( Digital Multimedia Broadcasting ) service since 2005 . Its flagship terrestrial television station is Channel 6 for Digital and Cable .'}]}, {'value': 'Korean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Korean_Language', 'summary': 'The Korean language ( South Korean : 한국어/韓國語 hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선말/朝鮮말 chosŏn-mal ) is an East Asian language spoken by about 77 million people . It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of both Koreas : North Korea and South Korea , with different standardized official forms used in each country . It is a recognised minority language in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin province , China . It is also spoken in parts of Sakhalin , Russia , and Central Asia . Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate ; however , it does have a few extinct relatives , which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language ( spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct ) form the Koreanic language family . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria .'}]}, {'value': 'Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul', 'summary': "Seoul ( /soʊl/ , like soul ; Korean : 서울 [ sʌ.ul ] ( listen ) ; lit . Capital ) , officially the Seoul Special City , is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea . Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area . Ranked as an alpha world city , Seoul was the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US $ 635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport , notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years ( 2005-2013 ) by the Airports Council International . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis , with the GDP per capita ( PPP ) in Seoul being around $ 40,000 . In 2017 , the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally . In 2018 , Seoul 's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. , Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan . With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies , including Samsung , LG , and Hyundai . Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . Seoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms , including Baekje , Joseon , and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo ."}]}, {'value': 'Republic of Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CNBC_Indonesia', 'summary': "CNBC Indonesia is an Indonesian television channel owned by Trans Media in collaboration with Comcast 's NBCUniversal under its CNBC division . It was launched on 10 October 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBCUniversal and Trans Media', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trans_Corp', 'summary': 'Trans Media is a business unit of Indonesian corporation CT Corp , through Trans Corp , in the field of media . Trans Media was initially founded as a subsidiary of Trans Corp , a liaison between the television station Trans TV and a station that had just taken over 49% ownership stake by CT Corp of Kompas Gramedia Group , Trans 7 ( formerly TV7 ) . Trans Media is a subsidiary of Trans Corp , a division of CT Corp , owned by Chairul Tanjung .'}]}, {'value': 'Indonesian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesian_Language', 'summary': 'Indonesian ( bahasa Indonesia [ baˈha.sa in.doˈne.sja ] ) is the official language of Indonesia . It is a standardised variety of Malay , an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries . Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world . Of its large population , the majority speak Indonesian , making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world . Most Indonesians , aside from speaking the national language , are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages ; examples include Javanese , Sundanese and Balinese , which are commonly used at home and within the local community . However , most formal education , and nearly all national mass media , governance , administration , judiciary , and other forms of communication , are conducted in Indonesian . The term Indonesian is primarily associated with the national standard dialect ( bahasa baku ) . However , in a more loose sense , it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago . Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations , existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties , which are commonly used for daily communication . The Indonesian name for the language ( bahasa Indonesia ) is also occasionally found in English and other languages .'}]}, {'value': 'Jakarta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jakarta', 'summary': "Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑːrtə/ ; Indonesian pronunciation : [ dʒaˈkarta ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( Indonesian : Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta ) , is the capital and largest city of Indonesia . Situated on the northwest coast of the world 's most populous island of Java , it is the centre of economy , culture and politics of Indonesia with a population of more than ten million as of 2014 [ update ] . Although Jakarta only covers 699.5 square kilometres ( 270.1 sq mi ) , the smallest among any Indonesian provinces , its metropolitan area covers 6,392 square kilometres ( 2,468 sq mi ) ; it is the world 's second most populous urban area after Tokyo , with a population of about 30 million as of 2010 [ update ] . Jakarta 's business opportunities , as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living , have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago , making it a melting pot of numerous cultures . Jakarta is nicknamed the Big Durian , the thorny strongly-odored fruit native to the region , as the city is seen as the Indonesian equivalent of New York ( Big Apple ) . Established in the fourth century as Sunda Kelapa , the city became an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom . It was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies when it was known as Batavia . Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status , though it is commonly referred to as a city . Its provincial government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency . Jakarta is an alpha world city and is the seat of the ASEAN secretariat , making it an important city for international diplomacy . Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia , Indonesia Stock Exchange , and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city . Jakarta has grown more rapidly than Kuala Lumpur , Bangkok and Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'JKN-CNBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JKN Global Media ( franchisee )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thai_language', 'summary': 'Thai , [ a ] Central Thai [ b ] ( historically Siamese ; [ c ] Thai : ภาษาไทย ) , is the sole official and national language of Thailand and the first language of the Central Thai people . [ d ] It is a member of the Tai group of the Kra-Dai language family . Over half of Thai vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon and Old Khmer . It is a tonal and analytic language , similar to Chinese and Vietnamese . Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers . Spoken Thai is mutually intelligible with Lao and Isan , fellow Southwestern Tai languages , to a significantly high degree where its speakers are able to effectively communicate each speaking their respective language . These languages are written with slightly different scripts but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum .'}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok', 'summary': "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Bajar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV18 ( 75% ) , NBCUniversal and Zee Network ( 10-25% )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV18', 'summary': "TV18 Broadcast Ltd. is an Indian entity belonging to Network 18 Group based in Mumbai . TV18 owns and operates various channels of the NBCUniversal group for the Indian viewers such as CNBC-TV18 , CNBC Awaaz & CNBC-TV18 Prime HD as well as WarnerMedia - CNN-News18 . TV18 has also forayed into the Indian factual entertainment space through a joint venture with A+E Networks and operates History TV18 and fyi TV18 . In the regional space , the group operates a Gujarati business news channel - CNBC Bajar , a Marathi general news channel - News18 Lokmat and operates ten regional news channels under the News18 umbrella and 3 regional entertainment channels under the News18 brand . The group also operates a 24-hour Indian news channel in English - News18 India , targeting global audiences . TV18 and Viacom18 have formed a strategic joint venture called IndiaCast , a multi-platform 'content asset monetization ' entity that drives domestic and international channel distribution , placement services and content syndication for the bouquet of channels from the group and third parties . On 31 January 2018 TV18 increased its stake in the Viacom 18 joint venture to 51% taking operational control ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zee_Network', 'summary': 'Zee Entertainment Enterprises ( formerly Zee Telefilms ) is an Indian mass media company owned by Essel Group . Headquartered in Mumbai , it has interests in television , print , internet , film , mobile content and allied businesses .'}]}, {'value': 'Gujarati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujarati_language', 'summary': "Gujarati ( /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːti/ ; ગુજરાતી gujarātī [ ɡudʒəˈɾɑtiː ] ) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people . Gujarati is part of the greater Indo-European language family . Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati ( circa 1100-1500 AD ) . In India , it is the official language in the state of Gujarat , as well as an official language in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . As of 2011 , Gujarati is the 6th most widely spoken language in India by number of native speakers , spoken by 55.5 million speakers which amounts to about 4.5% of the total Indian population . It is the 26th most widely spoken language in the world by number of native speakers as of 2007 . The Gujarati language is more than 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide . Outside of Gujarat , Gujarati is spoken in many other parts of South Asia by Gujarati migrants , especially in Mumbai and Pakistan ( mainly in Karachi ) . Gujarati is also widely spoken in many countries outside South Asia by the Gujarati diaspora . In North America , Gujarati is one of the fastest growing and most widely spoken Indian languages in the United States and Canada . In Europe , Gujaratis form the second largest of the British South Asian speech communities , and Gujarati is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the U.K. 's capital London . Gujarati is also spoken in Southeast Africa , particularly in Kenya , Uganda , Tanzania , Zambia , and South Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Tamilan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV18 ( 25% ) , NBCUniversal and Zee Network ( 65-10% )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV18', 'summary': "TV18 Broadcast Ltd. is an Indian entity belonging to Network 18 Group based in Mumbai . TV18 owns and operates various channels of the NBCUniversal group for the Indian viewers such as CNBC-TV18 , CNBC Awaaz & CNBC-TV18 Prime HD as well as WarnerMedia - CNN-News18 . TV18 has also forayed into the Indian factual entertainment space through a joint venture with A+E Networks and operates History TV18 and fyi TV18 . In the regional space , the group operates a Gujarati business news channel - CNBC Bajar , a Marathi general news channel - News18 Lokmat and operates ten regional news channels under the News18 umbrella and 3 regional entertainment channels under the News18 brand . The group also operates a 24-hour Indian news channel in English - News18 India , targeting global audiences . TV18 and Viacom18 have formed a strategic joint venture called IndiaCast , a multi-platform 'content asset monetization ' entity that drives domestic and international channel distribution , placement services and content syndication for the bouquet of channels from the group and third parties . On 31 January 2018 TV18 increased its stake in the Viacom 18 joint venture to 51% taking operational control ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zee_Network', 'summary': 'Zee Entertainment Enterprises ( formerly Zee Telefilms ) is an Indian mass media company owned by Essel Group . Headquartered in Mumbai , it has interests in television , print , internet , film , mobile content and allied businesses .'}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamil_language', 'summary': 'Tamil ( /ˈtæmɪl/ ; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [ t̪amiɻ ] , pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka , and by the Tamil diaspora , Sri Lankan Moors , Chindians , and Douglas . Tamil is an official language in three countries : India , Sri Lanka and Singapore . In India , it is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry . Furthermore , Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English , Malay and Mandarin . Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world . A. K. Ramanujan described it as the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past . The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world . A recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years . The earliest period of Tamil literature , Sangam literature , is dated from ca . 300 BC - AD 300 .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'CNBC Bangles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV18 ( 75% ) , NBCUniversal and Zee Network ( 10-25% )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV18', 'summary': "TV18 Broadcast Ltd. is an Indian entity belonging to Network 18 Group based in Mumbai . TV18 owns and operates various channels of the NBCUniversal group for the Indian viewers such as CNBC-TV18 , CNBC Awaaz & CNBC-TV18 Prime HD as well as WarnerMedia - CNN-News18 . TV18 has also forayed into the Indian factual entertainment space through a joint venture with A+E Networks and operates History TV18 and fyi TV18 . In the regional space , the group operates a Gujarati business news channel - CNBC Bajar , a Marathi general news channel - News18 Lokmat and operates ten regional news channels under the News18 umbrella and 3 regional entertainment channels under the News18 brand . The group also operates a 24-hour Indian news channel in English - News18 India , targeting global audiences . TV18 and Viacom18 have formed a strategic joint venture called IndiaCast , a multi-platform 'content asset monetization ' entity that drives domestic and international channel distribution , placement services and content syndication for the bouquet of channels from the group and third parties . On 31 January 2018 TV18 increased its stake in the Viacom 18 joint venture to 51% taking operational control ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zee_Network', 'summary': 'Zee Entertainment Enterprises ( formerly Zee Telefilms ) is an Indian mass media company owned by Essel Group . Headquartered in Mumbai , it has interests in television , print , internet , film , mobile content and allied businesses .'}]}, {'value': 'Bangla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangla_language', 'summary': "Bengali ( /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ ) , also known by its endonym Bangla ( বাংলা [ ˈbaŋla ] ) , is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Bengalis in South Asia , specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent , presently divided between Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal , Tripura , Assam 's Barak Valley . It is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India , behind Hindi . With approximately 228 million native speakers and another 37 million as second language speakers , Bengali is the fifth most-spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world . The official and de facto national language of Bangladesh is Modern Standard Bengali ( Literary Bengali ) . It serves as the lingua franca of the nation , with 98% of Bangladeshis being fluent in Bengali as their first language . Within India , Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal , Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam . It is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal , and is spoken by significant populations in other states including in Arunachal Pradesh , Delhi , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland and Uttarakhand . Bengali is also spoken by the significant global Bengali diaspora ( Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis ) communities in Pakistan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and the Middle East . Bengali has developed over the course of more than 1,300 years . Bengali literature , with its millennium-old literary history , has extensively developed since the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia . The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding Bengali to be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 . In 1999 , UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of the language movement ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}], 'section_title': 'List of channels', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_CNBC_channels_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of channels broadcast under the CNBC brand by NBCUniversal and its affiliates around the world. Following on from the original United States-based channel, launched in 1989, European and Asian versions were established in 1995 and 1996 respectively. Since then, sub-continental and local language versions of the channel have been created in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, many under a licensing agreement. At present, sixteen distinct CNBC channels exist worldwide, of which seven are wholly owned by NBCUniversal and a further nine have NBCUniversal as a minority stakeholder. A further channel, the Korean language operated SBS-CNBC, began broadcasting on December 28, 2009 in conjunction with Seoul Broadcasting System. Later, the Indonesian Language operated CNBC Indonesia, is launched in 2018 in conjunction with Trans Media.'}
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How do linguists classify the language of SBS-CNBC ?
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language isolate
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02f059bbfae47fa2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vanuatu', 'title': 'List of airports in Vanuatu', 'header': ['City and/or Island', 'Province', 'ICAO', 'IATA', 'Airport name'], 'data': [{'value': 'Anatom ( Aneityum ) / Inyeug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatom', 'summary': 'Aneityum ( also known as Anatom or Keamu ) is the southernmost island of Vanuatu , in the province of Tafea .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Inyeug', 'summary': 'Inyeug Island is a small uninhabited island in Tafea Province of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean . Inyeug means Small Island in a local language . Inyueg is also called Mystery Island by the cruise ships that regularly visit the island .'}]}, {'value': 'Tafea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tafea_Province', 'summary': 'Tafea is the southernmost of the six provinces of Vanuatu . The name is an acronym for the five main islands that make up the province : Tanna , Aneityum , Futuna , Erromango and Aniwa .'}]}, {'value': 'NVVA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AUY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anatom Airport ( Aneityum Airport )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatom_Airport', 'summary': 'Anatom Airport ( IATA : AUY , ICAO : NVVA ) , also known as Aneityum Airport , is an airfield serving the island of Aneityum , in the Taféa province in Vanuatu . The airfield is actually located on the smaller Inyeug island .'}]}, {'value': 'Aniwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aniwa_Island', 'summary': 'Aniwa is a small island in the southernmost province of Tafea , Vanuatu . As a coral island ( a raised coral atoll ) , it rises a mere 42 m above sea level . In the northwest is Itcharo ( Tiaro ) lagoon , which is open to the sea . The nearest large island is Tanna , about 24 km to the southwest .'}]}, {'value': 'Tafea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tafea_Province', 'summary': 'Tafea is the southernmost of the six provinces of Vanuatu . The name is an acronym for the five main islands that make up the province : Tanna , Aneityum , Futuna , Erromango and Aniwa .'}]}, {'value': 'NVVB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AWD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aniwa Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aniwa_Airport', 'summary': 'Aniwa Airport ( IATA : AWD , ICAO : NVVB ) is an airfield on the island of Aniwa , in the Taféa province in Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Craig Cove , Ambrym', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ambrym', 'summary': 'Ambrym is a volcanic island in Malampa Province in the archipelago of Vanuatu . Volcanic activity on the island includes lava lakes in two craters near the summit .'}]}, {'value': 'Malampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malampa_Province', 'summary': 'Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country . It consists of three main islands : Malakula , Ambrym and Paama , and takes its name from the first syllable of their names . It includes a number of other islands - the small islands of Uripiv , Norsup , Rano , Wala , Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malakula , and the volcanic island of Lopevi ( currently uninhabited ) . Also included are the Maskelynes Islands and some more small islands along the south coast of Malakula .'}]}, {'value': 'NVSF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CCV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Craig Cove Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Cove_Airport', 'summary': 'Craig Cove Airport is an airport in Craig Cove on Ambrym Island in Vanuatu ( IATA : CCV , ICAO : NVSF ) .'}]}, {'value': "Dillon 's Bay , Erromango", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erromango', 'summary': "Erromango is the fourth largest island in the Vanuatu archipelago . With a land area of 891.9 square kilometres ( 344.4 sq mi ) it is the largest island in Tafea Province , the southernmost of Vanuatu 's six administrative regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Tafea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tafea_Province', 'summary': 'Tafea is the southernmost of the six provinces of Vanuatu . The name is an acronym for the five main islands that make up the province : Tanna , Aneityum , Futuna , Erromango and Aniwa .'}]}, {'value': 'NVVD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DLY', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Dillon 's Bay Airport", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Dillon's_Bay_Airport", 'summary': "Dillon 's Bay Airport ( IATA : DLY , ICAO : NVVD ) is an airfield near Dillon 's Bay on the island of Erromango , in the Taféa province in Vanuatu . It is one of two airfields in the island , the other being Ipota Airport in the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Sangafa , Emae , Shepherd Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emae', 'summary': 'Emae is an island in the Shepherd Islands , Shefa , Vanuatu .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shepherd_Islands', 'summary': 'The Shepherd Islands ( coordinates 16°48′S 168°30′E / 16.8°S 168.5°E / -16.8 ; 168.5Coordinates : 16°48′S 168°30′E / 16.8°S 168.5°E / -16.8 ; 168.5 ) are a group of islands lying between the larger islands of Epi and Éfaté , in the Shefa province of Vanuatu . The aggregate land area is 88 square kilometres ( 34 square miles ) . They were named by Captain Cook after Anthony Shepherd , a British astronomer and friend of Cook . From north to south , the principal islands are : Laika , Tongoa ( Kuwaé ) , Buninga ( Mbining ) , Ewose , Falea , Tongariki ( Atong ) , Émaé ( Mai ) , Makura ( Emwae ) , Mataso ( Matah ) , and Monument ( Étarik ) . Émaé and Tongoa are the largest islands in the group . The region includes two submarine volcanoes , Kuwae and Makura . The islands are principally in the outlines of the calderas of these volcanoes . The highest of the islands is Émaé , at 644 metres ( 2,113 feet ) above sea level , Tongariki is also above 500 metres ( 1,640 feet ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Shefa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shefa_Province', 'summary': "Shefa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country and including the islands of Epi and Efate and the Shepherd Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of SHepherd and EFAte . It has a population of 78,723 people and an area of 1,455 km² . Its capital is Port Vila , which is also the capital of the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EAE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Siwo Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siwo_Airport', 'summary': 'Aromai Airport is an airport in Siwo on Emae Island in Vanuatu ( IATA : EAE , ICAO : NVSE ) . A departure tax is charged for departures from this airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Futuna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Futuna_Island,_Vanuatu', 'summary': 'Futuna is an island in the Tafea province of Vanuatu . It is the easternmost island in the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Tafea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tafea_Province', 'summary': 'Tafea is the southernmost of the six provinces of Vanuatu . The name is an acronym for the five main islands that make up the province : Tanna , Aneityum , Futuna , Erromango and Aniwa .'}]}, {'value': 'NVVF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FTA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Futuna Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Futuna_Airport', 'summary': 'Futuna Airport ( IATA : FTA , ICAO : NVVF ) is an airfield on the island of Futuna , in the Taféa province in Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Gaua , Banks Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaua', 'summary': 'Gaua ( formerly known as Santa Maria Island ) is the largest and second most populous of the Banks Islands in Torba Province of northern Vanuatu . It covers 342 km² .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Banks_Islands', 'summary': 'The Banks Islands ( in Bislama Bankis ) are a group of islands in northern Vanuatu . Together with the Torres Islands to the northwest , they make up the northernmost province of Torba . The group lies about 40 km ( 25 mi ) north of Maewo , and includes Gaua and Vanua Lava , two of the 13 largest islands in Vanuatu . In 2009 , the islands supported a population of 8,533 on a land area of 780 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Torba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torba_Province', 'summary': "Torba ( or TorBa ) is the northernmost province of Vanuatu , consisting of the Banks Islands and the Torres Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of TORres and BAnks ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSQ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZGU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaua Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaua_Airport', 'summary': 'Gaua Airport ( IATA : ZGU , ICAO : NVSQ ) is an airport on the island of Gaua , one of the Banks Islands in the Torba province in Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Ipota , Erromango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ipota', 'summary': 'Ipota is a village in the municipality of Jajce , Bosnia and Herzegovina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Erromango', 'summary': "Erromango is the fourth largest island in the Vanuatu archipelago . With a land area of 891.9 square kilometres ( 344.4 sq mi ) it is the largest island in Tafea Province , the southernmost of Vanuatu 's six administrative regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Tafea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tafea_Province', 'summary': 'Tafea is the southernmost of the six provinces of Vanuatu . The name is an acronym for the five main islands that make up the province : Tanna , Aneityum , Futuna , Erromango and Aniwa .'}]}, {'value': 'NVVI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IPA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ipota Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ipota_Airport', 'summary': "Ipota Airport ( IATA : IPA , ICAO : NVVI ) is an airfield near Ipota on the island of Erromango , in the Taféa province in Vanuatu . It is one of two airfields in the island , the other being Dillon 's Bay Airport in the west ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamap , Malekula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamap', 'summary': 'Lamap ( former named Port Sandwich ) is a village in Malampa Province on the Malekula island in Vanuatu .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Malekula', 'summary': 'Malakula Island , also spelled Malekula , is the second-largest island in the nation of Vanuatu , in the Pacific Ocean region of Melanesia .'}]}, {'value': 'Malampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malampa_Province', 'summary': 'Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country . It consists of three main islands : Malakula , Ambrym and Paama , and takes its name from the first syllable of their names . It includes a number of other islands - the small islands of Uripiv , Norsup , Rano , Wala , Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malakula , and the volcanic island of Lopevi ( currently uninhabited ) . Also included are the Maskelynes Islands and some more small islands along the south coast of Malakula .'}]}, {'value': 'NVSL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LPM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malekula Airport ( Lamap Airport )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malekoula_Airport', 'summary': 'Malekoula Airport ( IATA : LPM , ICAO : NVSL ) , also known as Lamap Airport , is an airfield near Lamap on the island of Malekoula , in the Malampa province in Vanuatu . It is one of two airfields on the island , the other being Norsup Airport in the north .'}]}, {'value': 'Lamen Bay , Epi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Epi_(island)', 'summary': 'Epi ( or Épi , Api ; formerly known as Tasiko or Volcano Island ) is an island in Shefa Province , Vanuatu , at the north end of the Shepherd Islands . The island is 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) long northwest-southeast , and 18 kilometres ( 11 mi ) wide , with an area of 444 square kilometres ( 171 sq mi ) . Its shoreline measures 130 km . In 1986 it had a population of 3,035 but in 2009 it had increased to 5,200 .'}]}, {'value': 'Shefa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shefa_Province', 'summary': "Shefa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country and including the islands of Epi and Efate and the Shepherd Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of SHepherd and EFAte . It has a population of 78,723 people and an area of 1,455 km² . Its capital is Port Vila , which is also the capital of the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LNB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamen Bay Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamen_Bay_Airport', 'summary': 'Lamen Bay Airport ( IATA : LNB , ICAO : NVSM ) is an airport in Lamen Bay on Epi , Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Longana , Ambae', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longana', 'summary': 'Longana is a village located on the eastern part of Ambae island in Penama Province , Vanuatu . It covers land area of approximately 50 square kilometres ( 19 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aoba_Island', 'summary': "Ambae Island , also known as Aoba or Oba and formerly Leper 's Island , is an island in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu , located near 15°30′S 167°30′E / 15.500°S 167.500°E / -15.500 ; 167.500 , approximately 165 miles ( 266 km ) NNW of Vanuatu 's capital city , Port Vila ."}]}, {'value': 'Penama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penama_Province', 'summary': 'Penama is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the northeast of the country and consisting of three major islands :'}]}, {'value': 'NVSG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LOD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Longana Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longana_Airport', 'summary': 'Longana Airport is an airport in Longana , Vanuatu ( IATA : LOD , ICAO : NVSG ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Lonorore , Pentecost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pentecost_Island', 'summary': 'Pentecost Island is one of the 83 islands that make up the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu . It lies 190 kilometres ( 120 mi ) due north of capital Port Vila . Pentecost Island is known as Pentecôte in French and Pentikos in Bislama . The island was known in its native languages by names such as Vanu Aroaroa , although these names are not in common use today . Pentecost has also been referred to as Raga or Araga , a tribal name that originated in the north but is now widely applied to the whole island . In old sources it is occasionally referred to as Whitsuntide Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Penama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penama_Province', 'summary': 'Penama is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the northeast of the country and consisting of three major islands :'}]}, {'value': 'NVSO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LNE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lonorore Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lonorore_Airport', 'summary': 'Lonorore Airport ( IATA : LNE , ICAO : NVSO ) or Lonoror ( possibly from Ske lon or or in the fences ) is an airport on south-western Pentecost Island , Vanuatu , 3 km south of Baravet village .'}]}, {'value': 'Luganville , Espiritu Santo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luganville', 'summary': "Luganville is the second largest city in Vanuatu . Its population is 16,312 . The city is called Santo by people from Vanuatu 's northern islands , who use Luganville as their big city . It is called Kanal ( from French Second Canal ) by rural residents of the large island of Espiritu Santo on which the city lies . The main street that runs through Luganville contains most of the commercial businesses . It is unusually wide as a result of the American base commander insisting that four army tanks must be able to be driven side by side along the road . [ citation needed ] Small side streets and outlying roads cater for the residential zones . The main street contains the port at one end and the markets and municipal council building at the other end . In the centre there are two main types of stores : tourist boutiques and all-in-one stores ( best described as a cross between a supermarket and a hardware store ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Espiritu_Santo', 'summary': 'Espiritu Santo [ a ] ( UK : /ɛˌspɪrɪtuː ˈsæntoʊ/ , US : /- ˈsɑːntuː , - ˈsɑːntoʊ/ ; French : [ ɛspiʁity sɑ̃to ] ) is the largest island in the nation of Vanuatu , with an area of 3,955.5 km2 ( 1,527.2 sq mi ) and a population of around 40,000 according to the 2009 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Sanma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanma_Province', 'summary': "Sanma is a province located in the Northern part of the nation of Vanuatu , occupying the nation 's largest island , Espiritu Santo , which is located approximately 2,500 km northeast of Sydney , Australia . Sanam The name Sanma is derived from the initial letters of the main islands of ( Espiritu ) SANto and MAlo ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santo-Pekoa International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santo-Pekoa_International_Airport', 'summary': 'Santo-Pekoa International Airport is an airport in Luganville on Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu ( IATA : SON , ICAO : NVSS ) . Airports Vanuatu Limited provides aviation services for the airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Maewo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maewo', 'summary': 'Maewo ( local pronunciation : [ ŋʷaewo ] ; formerly Aurora Island ) is an island in Vanuatu in Penama province , 105 km to the east of Espiritu Santo . It is 47 km long , and 6 km wide , with an area of 269 km² . Its highest point is 795 m above sea level . In 2009 the island had a population of almost 3,600 . Maewo is covered with dense vegetation : tropical forests in which banyan trees grow .'}]}, {'value': 'Penama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penama_Province', 'summary': 'Penama is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the northeast of the country and consisting of three major islands :'}]}, {'value': 'NVSN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MWF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maewo-Naone Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maewo-Naone_Airport', 'summary': 'Maewo-Naone Airport ( IATA : MWF , ICAO : NVSN ) is an airport on Maewo in Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Mota Lava , Banks Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mota_Lava', 'summary': 'Mota Lava or Motalava ( coordinates 13°42′S 167°39′E / 13.7°S 167.65°E / -13.7 ; 167.65 ) is the fourth largest island in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu , after Gaua , Vanua Lava and Ureparapara , with an area of 24 km2 ( 9.3 sq mi ) . It is the largest and highest ( 411 m or 1,348 ft ) of the eastern chain of islands . 270 meters ( 886 ft ) off its southern coast , attached by high corals that one can wade through at low tide , is the islet of Ra , with an area of 50 ha ( 120 acres ) . The climate on the island is humid tropical . The average annual rainfall exceeds 4000 mm . Mota-Lava is subject to frequent earthquakes and cyclones . The 2009 census figures give a population of 1640 inhabitants ( Mota Lava + Ra ) , yielding a population density of 67 per km² .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Banks_Islands', 'summary': 'The Banks Islands ( in Bislama Bankis ) are a group of islands in northern Vanuatu . Together with the Torres Islands to the northwest , they make up the northernmost province of Torba . The group lies about 40 km ( 25 mi ) north of Maewo , and includes Gaua and Vanua Lava , two of the 13 largest islands in Vanuatu . In 2009 , the islands supported a population of 8,533 on a land area of 780 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Torba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torba_Province', 'summary': "Torba ( or TorBa ) is the northernmost province of Vanuatu , consisting of the Banks Islands and the Torres Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of TORres and BAnks ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mota Lava Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mota_Lava_Airport', 'summary': 'Mota Lava Airport ( IATA : MTV , ICAO : NVSA ) is an airport located on the island of Mota Lava , one of the Banks Islands in the Torba province in Vanuatu . Also known as Valua Airport , it is located on the eastern end of Motalava island , near the village of Aplow ( formerly known as Valuwa ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Norsup , Malekoula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norsup', 'summary': 'Norsup is an island and village in the province of Malampa on Malakula Island in Vanuatu . It is located near Malampa Province capital Lakatoro .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Malekoula', 'summary': 'Malakula Island , also spelled Malekula , is the second-largest island in the nation of Vanuatu , in the Pacific Ocean region of Melanesia .'}]}, {'value': 'Malampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malampa_Province', 'summary': 'Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country . It consists of three main islands : Malakula , Ambrym and Paama , and takes its name from the first syllable of their names . It includes a number of other islands - the small islands of Uripiv , Norsup , Rano , Wala , Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malakula , and the volcanic island of Lopevi ( currently uninhabited ) . Also included are the Maskelynes Islands and some more small islands along the south coast of Malakula .'}]}, {'value': 'NVSP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NUS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norsup Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norsup_Airport', 'summary': 'Norsup Airport ( IATA : NUS , ICAO : NVSP ) is an airfield near Norsup on the island of Malakula , in the Malampa province in Vanuatu . It is one of three airfields on the island , the others being Lamap Airport and South West Bay in the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Olpoi , Espiritu Santo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Espiritu_Santo', 'summary': 'Espiritu Santo [ a ] ( UK : /ɛˌspɪrɪtuː ˈsæntoʊ/ , US : /- ˈsɑːntuː , - ˈsɑːntoʊ/ ; French : [ ɛspiʁity sɑ̃to ] ) is the largest island in the nation of Vanuatu , with an area of 3,955.5 km2 ( 1,527.2 sq mi ) and a population of around 40,000 according to the 2009 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Sanma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanma_Province', 'summary': "Sanma is a province located in the Northern part of the nation of Vanuatu , occupying the nation 's largest island , Espiritu Santo , which is located approximately 2,500 km northeast of Sydney , Australia . Sanam The name Sanma is derived from the initial letters of the main islands of ( Espiritu ) SANto and MAlo ."}]}, {'value': 'NVSZ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OLJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olpoi Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olpoi_Airport', 'summary': 'Olpoi Airport ( IATA : OLJ , ICAO : NVSZ ) , also known as North West Santo Airport , is an airport in Olpoi on Espiritu Santo , Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Tavie , Paama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paama', 'summary': "Paama ( Paama language : Voum ) is a small island in the Malampa Province , Vanuatu . The island is about 8 km from north to south and only 5 km or so at its widest point . The island is dominated by hills , rising to a height of around 550 m in the north . Paama lies a short distance south of Ambrym , a little further east of Malakula , about 7 km west of the large active volcano Lopevi ( Ulvae , in the vernacular ( see Crowley 1982 ) , and a short distance north of the island of Epi . During daylight , all of Paama 's neighbouring islands are clearly visible from various locations on the island . Indeed , on a clear night the red glow of Ambrym 's twin volcanos can be seen clearly from the black sand beach at Liro . The now uninhabited island of Lopevi dominates the view east from the village of Lulep , on the northeast coast of the island . This active volcano is reasonably regular , erupting every two years or so , causing quite serious problems for those living in the villages of Lulep and Luli in the northeast of the island . The acidic volcanic ash falls onto gardens , ruining crops , and onto the natangura thatched roofs , rotting it ."}]}, {'value': 'Malampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malampa_Province', 'summary': 'Malampa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country . It consists of three main islands : Malakula , Ambrym and Paama , and takes its name from the first syllable of their names . It includes a number of other islands - the small islands of Uripiv , Norsup , Rano , Wala , Atchin and Vao off the coast of Malakula , and the volcanic island of Lopevi ( currently uninhabited ) . Also included are the Maskelynes Islands and some more small islands along the south coast of Malakula .'}]}, {'value': 'NVSI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PBJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paama Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paama_Airport', 'summary': 'Paama Airport ( IATA : PBJ , ICAO : NVSI ) is an airport on Paama island , in the Malampa Province of Vanuatu .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Vila , Efate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Vila', 'summary': "Port Vila ( French : Port-Vila ) , or simply Vila ( English : /ˈviːlə/ ; French : Vila ; Bislama : Vila [ viˈla ] ) , is the capital and largest city of Vanuatu and is on the island of Efate . Its population in the last census ( 2009 ) was 44,040 , an increase of 35% on the previous census result ( 29,356 in 1999 ) . In 2009 , the population of Port Vila formed 18.8% of the country 's population , and 66.9% of the population of Efate . On the south coast of the island of Efate , in Shefa Province , Port Vila is the economic and commercial centre of Vanuatu . The mayor is Mambo Albert Sandy Daniel , of the Vanua'aku Pati , elected in January 2018 ; his deputy is Eric Puyo Festa , of the Grin Confederation . On March 13 , 2015 , Port Vila bore extensive damage from Cyclone Pam ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Efate', 'summary': 'Efate is an island in the Pacific Ocean which is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu . It is also known as Île Vate .'}]}, {'value': 'Shefa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shefa_Province', 'summary': "Shefa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country and including the islands of Epi and Efate and the Shepherd Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of SHepherd and EFAte . It has a population of 78,723 people and an area of 1,455 km² . Its capital is Port Vila , which is also the capital of the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'NVVV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VLI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bauerfield International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bauerfield_International_Airport', 'summary': "Bauerfield International Airport ( IATA : VLI , ICAO : NVVV ) is an airport located in Port Vila , Vanuatu . The airport is relatively small in size , but its runway has the capability and length to accept jets up to the Airbus A330 . It serves as the hub for Vanuatu 's flag carrier airline , Air Vanuatu ."}]}, {'value': 'Quoin Hill , Efate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Efate', 'summary': 'Efate is an island in the Pacific Ocean which is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu . It is also known as Île Vate .'}]}, {'value': 'Shefa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shefa_Province', 'summary': "Shefa is one of the six provinces of Vanuatu , located in the center of the country and including the islands of Epi and Efate and the Shepherd Islands . The province 's name is derived from the initial letters of SHepherd and EFAte . It has a population of 78,723 people and an area of 1,455 km² . Its capital is Port Vila , which is also the capital of the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'NVVQ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UIQ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quoin Hill Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quoin_Hill_Airport', 'summary': 'Quoin Hill Airfield was an airfield in North Efate , in Vanuatu ( IATA : UIQ , ICAO : NVVQ ) . The airfield was used during World War II but is no longer usable as an airstrip .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Airports', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_airports_in_Vanuatu_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of airports in Vanuatu, sorted by location.'}
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What is the airport in the area formerly known as Port Sandwich also known as ?
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Lamap Airport
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02f1d14f2d537529
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Crystal_Skate_of_Romania', 'title': '2005 Crystal Skate of Romania', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'Total Points', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gheorghe Chiper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gheorghe_Chiper', 'summary': 'Gheorghe Chiper ( born 8 April 1978 ) is a Romanian former competitive figure skater . He is an eight-time Romanian national champion and competed at two Olympic Games . He is the first Romanian skater to win a medal on the Grand Prix circuit and the first Romanian to land a quadruple toe loop in competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '193.76', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Shubin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Shubin', 'summary': 'Alexander Alexandrovich Shubin ( Russian : Александр Александрович Шубин ; born 14 July 1983 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . He is the 2003 World Junior champion and the 2002 JGP Final champion . He retired from competition in 2007 . He works as a coach in Moscow .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '181.15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel Contesti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Contesti', 'summary': 'Samuel Contesti ( born 4 March 1983 ) is a French-Italian former competitive figure skater . He originally competed for France , then switched to Italy after the 2006-07 season . He is the 2009 European silver medalist and a five-time Italian national champion ( 2008-12 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '169.70', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikhail Magerovski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Magerovski', 'summary': 'Mikhail Alexandrovich Magerovski ( Russian : Михаил Александрович Магеровский ; born 7 April 1986 in Moscow ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . He won silver at the 2005 Skate Israel and two gold medals on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series . He also qualified to compete at two Junior Grand Prix Finals . He was coached by Viktor Kudriavtsev in Moscow . He is the younger brother of Sergei Magerovski , an ice dancer who represented the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '160.29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoann Deslot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoann_Deslot', 'summary': 'Yoann Deslot ( born May 15 , 1984 in La Tronche ) is a French former competitive figure skater . He placed 12th in his senior Grand Prix debut at the 2008 Trophée Eric Bompard .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '148.88', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anton Kovalevski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Kovalevski', 'summary': 'Anton Volodymyrovych Kovalevski ( Ukrainian : Антон Володимирович Ковалевський ; born 9 March 1985 in Kiev ) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater . He won medals at the Crystal Skate of Romania , Golden Spin of Zagreb , Ice Challenge , and Ondrej Nepela Memorial , and is a four-time ( 2006-07 , 2009-10 ) Ukrainian national champion . He decided to take a break from competitive skating after the 2010-11 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '147.32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adrian Matei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Matei', 'summary': 'Adrian Matei ( born 25 February 1985 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian figure skater . He is a four-time Romanian national silver medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '120.57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tommi Piiroinen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': '118.07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoltán Kelemen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoltán_Kelemen_(figure_skater)', 'summary': 'Zoltán Kelemen ( born 31 July 1986 ) is a Romanian figure skater . He is an eight-time Romanian national champion . He qualified for the free skate at the 2014 Winter Olympics , the 2014 World Championships , five European Championships , and two World Junior Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '109.10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgi Kenchadze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgi_Kenchadze', 'summary': 'Georgi Kenchadze ( born August 16 , 1986 in Tbilisi , Georgia ) is a Bulgarian figure skater of Georgian descent . He is the 2006 & 2007 Bulgarian national silver medalist and the 2005 national bronze medalist . He is a two-time competitor at the World Junior Championships . His twin brother , Leri Kenchadze , has competed in pair skating . George now competes for Bulgaria with his partner Sarah May Coward . They are the current Bulgarian National Ice Dance Champions .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '106.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leri Kenchadze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leri_Kenchadze', 'summary': 'Leri Kenchadze ( Georgian : ლერი კენჭაძე , Bulgarian : Лери Кенчадзе , born 16 August 1986 ) is a Bulgarian former competitive pair skater . With Elizaveta Makarova , he is the 2013 Toruń Cup champion , the 2015 Bavarian Open bronze medalist , and a four-time Bulgarian national champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '93.55', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Men', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2005_Crystal_Skate_of_Romania_0', 'intro': "The 2005 Crystal Skate of Romania was the Crystal Skate of Romania competition for the 2005-2006 figure skating season. It was the 7th edition of the Crystal Skate of Romania to be held. The Crystal Skate of Romania is an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Romania. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles. The 2005 Crystal Skate of Romania was held between November 4 and 5, 2005 in Bucharest."}
| null | null |
What was the Middle Ages predecessor state of the home country of Alexander Shubin ?
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Rus
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02f22d818af47c8f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Saluda_County,_South_Carolina', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Saluda County, South Carolina', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bonham House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bonham_House', 'summary': 'Bonham House , also known as Flat Grove , is a historic home located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built about 1780 , and is a two-story , log dogtrot house . The house sits on fieldstone pillars . It was the boyhood home of Battle of the Alamo soldier James Bonham and his brother politician Milledge Luke Bonham , who served as governor of South Carolina during the American Civil War . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 . The Bonham House is under restoration by the Saluda County Historical Society , which provides tours .'}]}, {'value': 'December 30 , 1974 ( # 74001875 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southeast of Saluda off U.S. Route 178 34°00′29″N 81°41′53″W / 34.008056°N 81.698056°W / 34.008056 ; -81.698056 ( Bonham House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_178', 'summary': 'U.S. Highway 178 is a spur of U.S. Highway 78 . It currently runs for 240.49 miles ( 387.03 km ) from Dorchester , South Carolina , at U.S. Highway 78 to Rosman , North Carolina , at U.S. Highway 64 . It passes through the states of South Carolina and North Carolina . It goes through the cities of Pickens , Anderson , North , Orangeburg , Harleyville , South Carolina and Bowman , South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saluda,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Saluda is a town in Saluda County , South Carolina , United States , along the Little Saluda River . The population was 3,565 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Saluda County .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Butler Family Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Butler_Family_Cemetery', 'summary': "Butler Family Cemetery is a historic family cemetery located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It is located behind the Butler Methodist Church . It was established about 1802 , and includes the graves of members of one of South Carolina 's leading families . Notable burials include : William Butler ( 1759-1821 ) , Pierce Mason Butler ( 1798-1847 ) and Andrew Pickens Butler ( 1796-1857 ) . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 31 , 1974 ( # 74001874 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast of Saluda off South Carolina Highway 194 34°03′56″N 81°43′33″W / 34.065556°N 81.725833°W / 34.065556 ; -81.725833 ( Butler Family Cemetery )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_194', 'summary': 'South Carolina Highway 194 ( SC 194 ) is a 14.7-mile-long ( 23.7 km ) state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina . The highway connects Saluda and rural areas of Saluda County .'}]}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marsh-Johnson House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marsh-Johnson_House', 'summary': 'Marsh-Johnson House , also known as Robert Johnson House , is a historic home located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built about 1817 , and is a two-story , log farmhouse sheathed in weatherboard . The house sits on a brick foundation and has a one-story , shed-roofed porch . It is considered one of the earliest and intact log residences in South Carolina . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 . The Saluda County Historical Society owns the house and is working to restore it for future use as a historic house museum .'}]}, {'value': 'June 17 , 1982 ( # 82003904 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intersection of S-41-21 and S-41-37 33°54′25″N 81°49′48″W / 33.906944°N 81.83°W / 33.906944 ; -81.83 ( Marsh-Johnson House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Strother Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Strother_Place', 'summary': 'Old Strother Place , also known as Fruit Hill , is a historic plantation home and national historic district located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built about 1856 , and is a two-story , frame vernacular Greek Revival style farmhouse . Also on the property are a contributing barn and kitchen building ( c. 1856 ) , garage ( c. 1930 ) , and water tower ( c. 1936 ) . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 25 , 1994 ( # 94000063 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern side of Fruit Hill Rd. , 0.3 miles north of the junction with Chappells Ferry Rd . 33°56′59″N 81°51′22″W / 33.949722°N 81.856111°W / 33.949722 ; -81.856111 ( Old Strother Place )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridge Hill High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridge_Hill_High_School', 'summary': 'Ridge Hill High School , also known as Ridge Spring Star Community Center , is a historic high-school building for African-American students located at Ridge Spring , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built in 1934 , and is a large , one-story , H-shaped building with a central multipurpose room and six classrooms . Ridge Hill was used as a high school until the 1956-1957 school year . It remains in use as a community center . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 9 , 2010 ( # 10000341 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '206 Ridge Hill Dr. 33°51′12″N 81°39′25″W / 33.853208°N 81.656814°W / 33.853208 ; -81.656814 ( Ridge Hill High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridge Spring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridge_Spring,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Ridge Spring is a town in Saluda County , South Carolina , United States . The population was 823 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Augusta-Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda Old Town Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saluda_Old_Town_Site', 'summary': 'Saluda Old Town Site is a historic archaeological site located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . Archaeological remains indicate the site was occupied between 5,000 and 2,000 years ago . It was the site of a town of the Saluda people of the late-17th and early-18th century . On July 2 , 1755 , it was the site of a treaty signing recognizing the sovereignty of the King of England over all 360,000 square miles of Cherokee lands in South Carolina . In 1769 , those lands formed the Ninety-Six District . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 28 , 1972 ( # 72001223 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saluda_Theatre', 'summary': 'Saluda Theatre is a historic movie theater located at Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built in 1936 , and is a two-story , stuccoed masonry building in the Art Deco style . The theater closed in 1981 . It was restored after 1987 , and is home to the Saluda Players . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 .'}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 1993 ( # 93001406 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '107 Law Range 34°00′04″N 81°46′16″W / 34.001111°N 81.771111°W / 34.001111 ; -81.771111 ( Saluda Theatre )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spann Methodist Church and Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spann_Methodist_Church_and_Cemetery', 'summary': 'Spann Methodist Church and Cemetery is a historic Methodist church and cemetery located at 150 Church Street in Ward , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built in 1873 , and is a one-story , frame meeting house form church with Greek Revival style elements . The front facade features an engaged tetrastyle portico with a pedimented gable roof . The cemetery was established about 1842 , and includes a significant collection of funerary art dating to the late-19th and early-20th centuries . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 18 , 2003 ( # 03001059 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '150 Church St. 33°51′24″N 81°43′40″W / 33.856667°N 81.727778°W / 33.856667 ; -81.727778 ( Spann Methodist Church and Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ward,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Ward is a town in Saluda County , South Carolina , United States . The population was 110 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Augusta , Ga-SC Metropolitan Area .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stevens-Dorn Farmstead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stevens-Dorn_Farmstead', 'summary': 'Stevens-Dorn Farmstead , also known as the Peter M. Dorn Homeplace , is a historic home and farmstead located near Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . The house was built in three phases between 1880 and 1900 , and is a one-story , rectangular , frame dwelling . The house consists of 1 1/2 rooms , with three major front doors and one minor front door . Also on the property are a contributing woodshed/buggy house , smokehouse , corn crib , and barn , all built about 1880 ; and three brooder houses dated to about 1945 . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 25 , 1997 ( # 97000778 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Road 156 , 0.5 miles south of its junction with U.S. Route 178 34°01′11″N 81°53′39″W / 34.019722°N 81.894167°W / 34.019722 ; -81.894167 ( Stevens-Dorn Farmstead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_178', 'summary': 'U.S. Highway 178 is a spur of U.S. Highway 78 . It currently runs for 240.49 miles ( 387.03 km ) from Dorchester , South Carolina , at U.S. Highway 78 to Rosman , North Carolina , at U.S. Highway 64 . It passes through the states of South Carolina and North Carolina . It goes through the cities of Pickens , Anderson , North , Orangeburg , Harleyville , South Carolina and Bowman , South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Webb-Coleman House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Webb-Coleman_House', 'summary': "Webb-Coleman House , also known as Christian 's Post Office , is a historic home located near Chappells , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built between 1800 and 1825 , and is a 2 1/2-story , five-bay , Federal style farmhouse . It has a gable roof and is sheathed in weatherboard . A one-story , frame wing was added in the mid-19th century and in 1915 , a one-story , gable-roofed , frame ell and shed-roofed porch . Also on the property are the contributing mid-to late-19th century cotton house , an early-20th century garage , an early 1930s dollhouse , and an early-20th century tenant house . The house operated as a post office from 1833-1844 . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 24 , 1992 ( # 92000365 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 miles south of Chappells , 0.3 miles east of South Carolina Highway 39 , at the junction of three dirt roads 34°08′54″N 81°50′37″W / 34.148333°N 81.843611°W / 34.148333 ; -81.843611 ( Webb-Coleman House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_39', 'summary': 'South Carolina Highway 39 ( SC 39 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina . The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state .'}]}, {'value': 'Chappells', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chappells,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Chappells ( also Chappell , Chappells Bridge ) is an unincorporated community , in Newberry and Saluda Counties , South Carolina , United States . The community was named after the local Chappell family of pioneer citizens . The Moon-Dominick House and Webb-Coleman House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whitehall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whitehall_(Saluda,_South_Carolina)', 'summary': 'Whitehall is a historic home located at Saluda , Saluda County , South Carolina . It was built about 1893 , and is a Classical Revival style frame dwelling with a two-story , rectangular main block with additions . Two façades feature tetrastyle , two-story porticos with Corinthian order columns . Also on the property are 11 outbuildings . It was the home of the locally prominent Etheredge family . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 21 , 1980 ( # 80003697 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Etheredge Rd . 33°59′34″N 81°46′08″W / 33.992778°N 81.768889°W / 33.992778 ; -81.768889 ( Whitehall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saluda', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Saluda_County,_South_Carolina_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Saluda County, South Carolina. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Saluda County, South Carolina, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. Eleven properties and districts are listed on the National Register in the county.'}
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When was the cemetery in Saluda added to the National Register ?
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1974
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02f25a766c74c14c
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hybridqa
|
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'title': "NCAA Women's Ice Hockey Tournament", 'header': ['Year', 'Champion', 'Score', 'Runner-up', 'City', 'Arena'], 'data': [{'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2001_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2001 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved four schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The 2001 tournament was the first women 's ice hockey tournament to be sponsored by the NCAA . The tournament began on March 23 , 2001 , and ended with the championship game on March 25 ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Lawrence', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Lawrence_Saints_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The St. Lawrence Saints represent St. Lawrence University in Canton , New York . The Saints play at Appleton Arena and are part of the Eastern College Athletic Conference . In 2001 , St. Lawrence participated in the inaugural NCAA Championship tournament . Their current head coach is St. Lawrence alumna Chris Wells , who is in his second season , and has a record of 131 wins , 98 losses , and 29 ties .'}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis', 'summary': "Minneapolis ( /ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs/ ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Hennepin County and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2018 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 425,403 . The Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of Minneapolis , its neighbor Saint Paul and suburbs which altogether contain about 3.63 million people , and is the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with 13 lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls ; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle . Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies , and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States . Minneapolis has one of the highest percentages of LGBT populations in the U.S . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes , producing artists such as Lizzo , Brother Ali , Atmosphere , and Dessa ."}]}, {'value': 'Mariucci Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariucci_Arena', 'summary': "3M Arena at Mariucci is the home arena for the Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's ice hockey team of the University of Minnesota . The arena is located on the Minneapolis campus and seats approximately 10,000 fans ( 9,600 in the main bowl plus club room and suite seating ) . The arena opened in 1993 and is named after John Mariucci , the longtime Gopher coach who is considered the godfather of Minnesota hockey . Under the gate is a quote from Mariucci : Through these gates walk the greatest fans in college hockey . The ice sheet is Olympic sized ( 200 feet by 100 feet ) . The women 's ice hockey team played at Mariucci from 1997 until 2002 when they moved to Ridder Arena , which is connected to Mariucci via a tunnel ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2002_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2002 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved four schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The tournament began on March 22 , 2002 , and ended with the championship game on March 24 ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brown', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Brown_Bears_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Brown Bears womens ice hockey program is a NCAA Division I ice hockey team that represents Brown University . The Bears play at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence , Rhode Island . Brown women 's hockey is the oldest women 's hockey program in the United States . It was the first collegiate women 's ice hockey program in the United States , started in 1964 . The team was led from 1989 to 2011 by Head Coach Margaret ( Digit ) Murphy , who became the winningest coach in Division I women 's ice hockey history during her 18th season at Brown ( 2006-2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Durham , NH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durham,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': 'Durham is a town in Strafford County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 14,638 at the 2010 census . Durham is home to the University of New Hampshire . The primary settlement in the town , where 10,345 people resided at the 2010 census , is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Durham census-designated place ( CDP ) and includes the densely populated portion of the town centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 108 and Main Street , which includes the university that dominates the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Whittemore Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whittemore_Center', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2003_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2003 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved four schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 21 , 2003 , and ended with the championship game on March 23 . A total of four games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4-3 ( 2OT )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson women 's ice hockey team represents Harvard University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I women 's hockey . Harvard competes as a member of the ECAC Conference and plays its home games at the Bright Hockey Center in Cambridge , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Duluth , MN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Duluth /dəˈluːθ/ ( listen ) is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County . Duluth has a population of 85,884 and is the 4th largest city in Minnesota . It is the 2nd largest city on Lake Superior , after Thunder Bay , Ontario . It has the largest metropolitan area on the lake , with a population of 279,771 in 2010 , the second-largest in the state . Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes , Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior , Wisconsin ; together they are called the Twin Ports . The cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port , transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain . A tourist destination for the Midwest , Duluth features the United States ' only all-freshwater aquarium , the Great Lakes Aquarium ; the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor ; and Minnesota Point ( known locally as Park Point ) , the world 's longest freshwater baymouth bar , spanning 6 miles ( 10 km ) . The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota 's North Shore . The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut , the first known European explorer of the area ."}]}, {'value': 'DECC Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duluth_Entertainment_Convention_Center', 'summary': "Duluth Entertainment Convention Center ( DECC ) , is a multi-purpose arena and convention center complex located in Duluth , Minnesota , United States . It has been home to the University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldog hockey team since 1966 . The DECC is located on the waterfront near Duluth 's famous Aerial Lift Bridge ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2004_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2004 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved four schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 26 , 2004 , and ended with the championship game on March 28 . A total of four games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '6-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson women 's ice hockey team represents Harvard University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I women 's hockey . Harvard competes as a member of the ECAC Conference and plays its home games at the Bright Hockey Center in Cambridge , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Providence , RI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island', 'summary': "Providence is the capital and most populous city of the state of Rhode Island and is one of the oldest cities in the United States . It was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams , a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of God 's merciful Providence which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay . Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city is the third most populous city in New England after Boston and Worcester , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': "Dunkin ' Donuts Center", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Dunkin'_Donuts_Center", 'summary': "The Dunkin ' Donuts Center ( originally Providence Civic Center ) is an indoor arena located in downtown Providence , Rhode Island . It was built in 1972 , as a home court for the emerging Providence College men 's basketball program , due to the high demand for tickets to their games in Alumni Hall , as well as for a home arena for the then-Providence Reds , who played in the nearly 50-year-old Rhode Island Auditorium . Current tenants include the Providence Bruins , of the AHL and the Providence College men 's basketball team ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2005_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2005 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The tournament began on March 18 , 2005 , and ended with the championship game on March 27 . The 2005 tournament was the first to feature eight teams . The highest four seeds were invited to host first round competition for the right to advance to the Frozen Four . The expanded field also allowed for the creation of auto-bids for each of the four conferences in Division I women 's hockey at the time . The 2005 tournament was also the last to feature a consolation game . From 2006 forward , both teams losing semi-final games were awarded third place ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '4-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson women 's ice hockey team represents Harvard University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I women 's hockey . Harvard competes as a member of the ECAC Conference and plays its home games at the Bright Hockey Center in Cambridge , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Durham , NH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whittemore Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2006_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2006 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 17 , 2006 , and ended with the championship game on March 26 . The quarterfinals were conducted at the homes of the teams considered to be higher seeds , although no seed was given for either team in two of the games . The Frozen Four was conducted in Minneapolis . A total of seven games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mariucci Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2007_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2007 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 9 , 2007 , and ended with the championship game on March 18 . The quarterfinals were conducted at the homes of the seeded teams , and the Frozen Four was conducted at Lake Placid , NY . A total of seven games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Lake Placid , NY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York', 'summary': 'Lake Placid is a village in the Adirondack Mountains in Essex County , New York , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,521 . The village of Lake Placid is near the center of the town of North Elba , 50 miles ( 80 km ) southwest of Plattsburgh . Lake Placid , along with nearby Saranac Lake and Tupper Lake , comprise what is known as the Tri-Lakes region . Lake Placid hosted the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics . Lake Placid also hosted the 1972 Winter Universiade , the 2000 Goodwill Games , and will host the 2020 ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships and the 2023 Winter Universiade .'}]}, {'value': 'Herb Brooks Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herb_Brooks_Arena', 'summary': 'The Herb Brooks Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Lake Placid , New York . This surface , along with the USA Rink , was built for the 1980 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2008 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were conducted at the homes of the seeded teams and the Frozen Four was conducted in Duluth , MN It began on March 14 , 2009 , and ended with the championship game on March 22 . A total of seven games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Duluth , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DECC Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2009 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 14 , 2009 , and ended with the championship game on March 22 . The quarterfinals were played at the home sites of the seeded teams and the Frozen Four was played in Boston . A total of seven games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '5-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercyhurst', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Mercyhurst_Lakers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Mercyhurst Lakers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the Mercyhurst College in Erie , Pennsylvania . The program started in 1999 and Michael Sisti has been the only coach in the history of the program . From 2000 to 2002 , the Lakers were part of the Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association . While in the Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association , the Lakers qualified for the GLWHA twice ( in 2001 , and 2002 ) . The Lakers were regular season champions in 2000-01 and 2001-02 , and won the playoff championships in 2002 . Starting in the 2002-03 season , the Lakers joined the College Hockey America conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston , MA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston', 'summary': "Boston ( UK : /ˈbɒstən/ , US : /ˈbɔːstən/ ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States , and the 21st most populous city in the United States . The city proper covers 49 square miles ( 127 km2 ) with an estimated population of 694,583 in 2018 , also making it the most populous city in New England . Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . As a combined statistical area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people , making it the sixth most populous in the United States . Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States , founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public park ( Boston Common , 1634 ) , first public or state school ( Boston Latin School , 1635 ) and first subway system ( Tremont Street Subway , 1897 ) . Today , Boston is a thriving center of scientific research as well as port of entry for commerce and international immigration ."}]}, {'value': 'Agganis Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agganis_Arena', 'summary': "Agganis Arena is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Boston , Massachusetts , United States , on the campus of Boston University , built on the location of the former Commonwealth Armory . It is home to the five-time national champion Boston University Terriers men 's ice hockey team . It is named after Harry Agganis , an outstanding football and baseball athlete for BU and the Boston Red Sox , who died at the age of 26 from a massive pulmonary embolism . A life-size bronze statue of Agganis sculpted by Armand LaMontagne stands outside the arena at the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Harry Agganis Way . The hockey rink is named Jack Parker Rink , after the legendary BU hockey player and coach . The arena is part of Boston University 's John Hancock Student Village , which also includes dormitories and the university 's five-story Fitness and Recreation Center . Agganis was dedicated in 2004 and hosted its first event in 2005 . It replaced Walter Brown Arena , located at the Case Athletic Center , as the home of BU Men 's Ice Hockey , though Walter Brown Arena is still in use as the home of BU Women 's Ice Hockey . In the arena 's first decade , Boston University basketball played select home games at Agganis , with the remainder being played at Case Gym . The school made the decision before the 2015-2016 season to move all home games back to Case Gym due to poor attendance at Agganis . The last BU basketball game played at Agganis was a 77-70 loss to rival Holy Cross on Feb. 28 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2010 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were held at the home sites of the seeded teams and the Frozen Four was hosted by the University of Minnesota at Ridder Arena in Minneapolis , Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota-Duluth ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota–Duluth_Bulldogs_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota Duluth at the AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . The team is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the Division I tier . The Bulldogs have won five NCAA Championships ."}]}, {'value': '3-2 ( 3OT )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Cornell Big Red women 's ice hockey program represents Cornell University and participates in ECAC Hockey ."}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridder Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridder_Arena', 'summary': "Ridder Arena is an indoor ice rink at the University of Minnesota , and home to the Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team . The arena is adjacent to the men 's 3M Arena at Mariucci . It was completed in 2002 , and includes the connected Baseline Tennis Center for the men 's and women 's tennis teams . It was the first facility in the United States built specifically for college women 's ice hockey , and has hosted the NCAA Women 's Frozen Four on four occasions ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2011 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play that determined the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The Frozen Four was hosted by Mercyhurst College at Erie Insurance Arena in Erie , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers women 's ice hockey represent Boston University . The Terriers play in the Hockey East conference . Finishing their 10th season as a D-I varsity team , the Terriers have won five Hockey East Championships and have made six consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances ."}]}, {'value': 'Erie , PA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Erie ( /ˈɪəri/ ; EER-ee ) is a city on the south shore of Lake Erie and the county seat of Erie County , Pennsylvania , United States . Named for the lake and the Native American Erie people who lived in the area until the mid-17th century , Erie is the fourth-largest city in Pennsylvania , as well as the largest city in Northwestern Pennsylvania , with a population of 101,786 at the 2010 census . The estimated population in 2018 had decreased to 96,471 . The Erie metropolitan area , equivalent to all of Erie County , consists of 276,207 residents . The Erie-Meadville , PA Combined Statistical Area has a population of 369,331 , as of the 2010 Census . Erie is halfway between the cities of Buffalo , New York , and Cleveland , Ohio , and due north of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Erie 's manufacturing sector remains prominent in the local economy , though healthcare , higher education , technology , service industries , and tourism are emerging as significant economic drivers . Over four million people visit Erie during summer months for recreation at Presque Isle State Park , as well as attractions such as Waldameer Park . Erie is known as the Flagship City because of its status as the home port of Oliver Hazard Perry 's flagship Niagara . Erie won the All-America City Award in 1972 , and in 2012 hosted the Perry 200 , a commemoration , celebrating 200 years of peace between Britain , America and Canada following the War of 1812 and Battle of Lake Erie ."}]}, {'value': 'Erie Insurance Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erie_Insurance_Arena', 'summary': 'Erie Insurance Arena ( originally known as Erie Civic Center and later , Louis J. Tullio Arena ) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the downtown area of Erie , Pennsylvania . It is home to the Erie Otters of the Ontario Hockey League and the Erie BayHawks of the NBA G League . It was built in 1983 as part of the Louis J. Tullio Plaza , which also includes the Warner Theatre and UPMC Park - all of which are administered by the Erie County Convention Center Authority . The arena is named for the Erie Insurance Group , which purchased the naming rights in May 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2012 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play that determined the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The Frozen Four were hosted by the Minnesota-Duluth Bulldogs at AMSOIL Arena in Duluth , Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Duluth , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMSOIL Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AMSOIL_Arena', 'summary': "AMSOIL Arena is a multipurpose arena in Duluth , Minnesota , home to the UMD Men 's and UMD Women 's hockey teams . It opened in 2010 , replacing the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center Arena on the waterfront near Duluth 's landmark Aerial Lift Bridge . Naming rights for 20 years were purchased by AMSOIL , a corporation based in Superior , Wisconsin , for $ 6 million , one-third up front . The facility cost nearly $ 80 million ; about half ( $ 38 million ) paid by the State of Minnesota through a 2008 bond bill , another 27% ( about $ 21.6 million ) by a voter-approved city food-and-beverage tax increase , 12% ( about $ 9.6 million ) by UMD , and the last 11% ( about $ 8.8 million ) by the DECC . Construction ran from September 2008 to December 2010 , and included a 475-space parking garage with a skywalk connecting it to the arena . The first event held at the arena was on December 30 , 2010 . UMD men 's hockey team lost 0-5 to North Dakota before a crowd of 6,764 , tied for the team 's highest home attendance that season . In their first season in the arena , the UMD men 's hockey team won the NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Championship . In 2012 , the arena hosted the 2012 NCAA Division I Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament , in which Minnesota beat Wisconsin , 4-2 . The arena 's attendance record was set on June 20 , 2018 during a President Donald Trump rally , which drew 8,372 people . The attendance record for a sporting event was set on January 25 , 2020 , when UMD men 's hockey team lost to their rival , North Dakota , 2-3 in front of 7,711 fans ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2013 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play that determined the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . Regional quarterfinals were contested on March 15 and 16 , 2013 . The Frozen Four was played on March 22 and 24 , 2013 at Ridder Arena in Minneapolis , with the University of Minnesota as the host school . The University of Minnesota won the title with a 6-3 win over Boston University , becoming the first NCAA women 's hockey team ever to complete a perfect season ( 41-0-0 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '6-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston University Terriers women 's ice hockey represent Boston University . The Terriers play in the Hockey East conference . Finishing their 10th season as a D-I varsity team , the Terriers have won five Hockey East Championships and have made six consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances ."}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridder Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2014 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were contested at the campuses of the seeded teams on March 15 , 2014 . The Frozen Four was played on March 21 and 23 , 2014 at TD Bank Sports Center in Hamden , Connecticut with Quinnipiac University as the host . Clarkson University defeated the University of Minnesota 5-4 in the national championship game , in the process becoming the fourth school to have won a National Collegiate championship . This championship was the first by a team not from the WCHA as well as the first by a team from the Eastern United States . It also proved to be the final game for Clarkson 's co-head coach Shannon Desrosiers , who had finished her sixth season sharing head coaching duties with her husband Matt . About a month after the championship game , Shannon stepped down , leaving Matt in sole charge . Shannon cited a wish to spend more time raising the couple 's young daughter and soon-to-be-born second child ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights women 's hockey team is an NCAA Division I ice hockey team that represents Clarkson University in rural Potsdam , New York . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 2004 , and play home games in Cheel Arena on the Clarkson University campus ."}]}, {'value': '5-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamden , CT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamden,_Connecticut', 'summary': "Hamden is a town in New Haven County , Connecticut , United States . The town 's nickname is The Land of the Sleeping Giant . The population was 60,960 at the 2010 census . Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven . The town of Hamden ranked # 53 in the CNN Money list of America 's best small cities in 2012 . In 2008 , Fortune Magazine and CNN Money picked Hamden as # 33 on their Best Place to Live and Launch list , citing Hamden 's great blend of urban and suburban lifestyles . The article also pointed out Hamden 's exceptional education system as well as its New England Charm ."}]}, {'value': "People 's United Center", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/People's_United_Center", 'summary': "People 's United Center , previously known as TD Bank Sports Center , is a multi-purpose arena in Hamden , Connecticut . Its design is unusual in that it consists of two separate playing and seating areas , one intended for basketball and one intended for ice hockey , joined together within a common facility . It seats 3,570 for basketball and 3,386 for hockey . Officially , the hockey side is known as the Frank Perrotti , Jr . Arena at the People 's United Center ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015_NCAA_National_Collegiate_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2015 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were contested at the campuses of the seeded teams on March 14 , 2015 . The Frozen Four was played on March 20 and 22 , 2015 at Ridder Arena in Minneapolis , Minnesota with the University of Minnesota as the host . The tournament was won by Minnesota with a 4-1 win over Harvard , giving the Golden Gophers their fifth overall title and third in four years ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson women 's ice hockey team represents Harvard University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I women 's hockey . Harvard competes as a member of the ECAC Conference and plays its home games at the Bright Hockey Center in Cambridge , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridder Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2016_NCAA_National_Collegiate_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2016 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were contested at the campuses of the seeded teams on March 12 , 2016 . The Frozen Four was played on March 18 and 20 , 2016 at Whittemore Center Arena in Durham , New Hampshire with the University of New Hampshire as the host ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles women 's ice hockey team represent Boston College in the NCAA and participate in Hockey East . The Eagles are coached by former Olympic gold medallist Katie King-Crowley and play their home games at Conte Forum ."}]}, {'value': 'Durham , NH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whittemore Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whittemore_Center', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2017_NCAA_National_Collegiate_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2017 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals were contested at the campuses of the seeded teams on March 11 , 2017 . The Frozen Four was played on March 17 and 19 , 2017 at Family Arena in St. Charles , Missouri with Lindenwood University as the host . An agreement with the Big Ten Network resulted in the championship game being televised live for the first time since 2010 . The tournament was won by Clarkson with a 3-0 win over Wisconsin , giving the Golden Knights their second title in program history ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights women 's hockey team is an NCAA Division I ice hockey team that represents Clarkson University in rural Potsdam , New York . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 2004 , and play home games in Cheel Arena on the Clarkson University campus ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Charles , MO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri', 'summary': "Saint Charles ( commonly abbreviated St. Charles ) is a city in , and the county seat of , St. Charles County , Missouri , United States . The population was 65,794 at the 2010 census , making St. Charles the ninth-largest city in Missouri . Situated on the Missouri River , it is a northwestern suburb of St. Louis . Founded circa 1769 as Les Petites Côtes , or The Little Hills in French , by Louis Blanchette , a French-Canadian fur trader , when the area was nominally ruled by Spain following the Seven Years ' War , St. Charles is the third-oldest city in Missouri . For a time , it played a significant role in the United States ' westward expansion as a river port and starting point of the Boone 's Lick Road to the Boonslick . St. Charles was settled primarily by French-speaking colonists from Canada in its early days and was considered the last civilized stop by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1804 , which was exploring the western territory after the United States made the Louisiana Purchase . The city served as the first Missouri capital from 1821 to 1826 , and is the site of the Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne shrine ."}]}, {'value': 'Family Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family_Arena', 'summary': 'The Family Arena is a multi-purpose arena in St. Charles , Missouri , built in 1999 . The arena seats 9,643 for hockey , 9,755 for football , 10,467 for basketball , 6,339 for half-house concerts and up to 11,522 for end-stage concerts . In addition to sporting events , concerts , circuses and ice shows the arena is also used for trade shows with a total of 39,900 square feet ( 3,710 m2 ) of exhibit space ( 17,900 square feet ( 1,660 m2 ) on the arena floor and 22,000 square feet ( 2,000 m2 ) on the arena concourse ) .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2018_NCAA_National_Collegiate_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2018 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involves eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals will be played at the campuses of the seeded teams on Saturday , March 10 , 2018 . The Frozen Four will be played on March 16 and 18 , 2018 at Ridder Arena in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The University of Minnesota will host the tournament . This will be the fourth time that Ridder Arena will host the Frozen Four and the sixth time it has been played in Minneapolis . This will be the second year that the Big Ten Network will air the Championship Game live and the first year the semifinals will be aired live on BTN ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights women 's hockey team is an NCAA Division I ice hockey team that represents Clarkson University in rural Potsdam , New York . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 2004 , and play home games in Cheel Arena on the Clarkson University campus ."}]}, {'value': '2-1 ( OT )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colgate', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colgate_Raiders_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Colgate Raiders women 's ice hockey team is an NCAA Division I ice hockey team that represents Colgate University and play in ECAC Hockey . The Raiders play their home games at Class of 1965 Arena . The Raiders have played in Division I hockey since the 2001-02 season after playing at the NCAA Division III from 1997-2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , MN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridder Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridder_Arena', 'summary': "Ridder Arena is an indoor ice rink at the University of Minnesota , and home to the Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team . The arena is adjacent to the men 's 3M Arena at Mariucci . It was completed in 2002 , and includes the connected Baseline Tennis Center for the men 's and women 's tennis teams . It was the first facility in the United States built specifically for college women 's ice hockey , and has hosted the NCAA Women 's Frozen Four on four occasions ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2019_NCAA_National_Collegiate_Women's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2019 NCAA National Collegiate Women 's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . The quarterfinals was played at the campuses of the seeded teams on Saturday , March 16 , 2019 . The Frozen Four was played on March 22 and 24 , 2019 at People 's United Center in Hamden , Connecticut . Quinnipiac University hosted the tournament , the second time that it and People 's United Center hosted the Frozen Four . It was the third year that the Big Ten Network aired the championship game live and the second year the semifinals was aired live on BTN ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin in Madison , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers women 's ice hockey team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis . The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in Division I . The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as an American Women 's College Hockey Alliance Championship . In the WCHA , they have also been regular season champions 8 times and tournament champions five times . In addition to their overall success as a competitive team , the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation 's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport , and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women 's collegiate hockey , drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women 's hockey game on November 2 , 1997 . The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women 's or men 's college hockey at 62 games from February 17 , 2012 to November 17 , 2013 , winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch . In 2004-2005 , Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships . Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American , and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award . Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points ( 42 Goals , 72 Assists ) and most assists in 40 games in her final season . Minnesota Gophers women 's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award twice ( Krissy Wendell and Amanda Kessel ) , as well as having all three finalists in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamden , CT', 'urls': []}, {'value': "People 's United Center", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/People's_United_Center", 'summary': "People 's United Center , previously known as TD Bank Sports Center , is a multi-purpose arena in Hamden , Connecticut . Its design is unusual in that it consists of two separate playing and seating areas , one intended for basketball and one intended for ice hockey , joined together within a common facility . It seats 3,570 for basketball and 3,386 for hockey . Officially , the hockey side is known as the Frank Perrotti , Jr . Arena at the People 's United Center ."}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston , MA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agganis Arena', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'History', 'section_text': "Although many schools from many conferences have been competitive , the first 13 championships were won by only three different schools all originating from the WCHA : Minnesota-Duluth , Minnesota , and Wisconsin . In 2014 , the WCHA 's hold on the championship was finally broken when Clarkson defeated Minnesota . The ECAC , from which Clarkson originated , has easily been the second most competitive conference , with appearances in eight national title games , including the first five . Hockey East has had three title game appearances , twice by Boston University and once by Boston College , and CHA has had one title appearance , by Mercyhurst in 2009 .", 'uid': "National_Collegiate_women's_ice_hockey_championship_0", 'intro': "The annual NCAA Women's Ice Hockey Tournament - officially known as the National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Championship - is a college ice hockey tournament held in the United States by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the top women's team in the NCAA."}
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Which team was runner-up in the tournament held in the city halfway between the cities of Buffalo , New York , and Cleveland , Ohio ?
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Wisconsin ( 5 )
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02f2a8555f4c02a3
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia', 'title': '1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia', 'header': ['Name', 'Position', 'Province'], 'data': [{'value': "Archie D'Arcy", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archie_D'Arcy", 'summary': "Archibald Archie D'Arcy ( 18 September 1870 - 22 June 1919 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . D'Arcy was born and raised in Masterton , New Zealand , and first played rugby for the Red Star club before later playing with Masterton . He was first selected for Wairarapa Rugby Football Union , his provincial side , at age 16 , and continued to play for them until 1894 . As an administrator he represented the Wairarapa Rugby Football Union in 1891 at an inter-provincial meeting where the formation of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union ( NZRFU ) as first discussed . He was selected , as a fullback , for the first NZRFU-sanctioned New Zealand side , which toured Australia in 1893 . Captained by Thomas Ellison , the team played eleven matches , including three against New South Wales , and lost only one . Despite being selected as a fullback , D'Arcy played two matches on the tour in the forwards . He was again selected for New Zealand in 1894 , this time to play the touring New South Wales side . That was his final match for New Zealand - his seventh international appearance . In later life he worked in the insurance industry , and died in 1919 in either Sydney or Auckland ."}]}, {'value': 'Fullback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wairarapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wairarapa_Bush_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wairarapa-Bush Rugby Football Union is the body that regulates rugby union in Masterton , New Zealand . It was formed in 1971 with the amalgamation of the Wairapapa and Bush Unions . The Wairarapa-Bush team play in the Heartland Championship from Memorial Park , Masterton . They were the inaugural winners of the Meads Cup after beating Wanganui 16-14 on 21 October 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry Clarke Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Wilson_(rugby_union)', 'summary': 'Henry Clarke Wilson ( 2 February 1869 - 16 December 1945 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player and cricketer .'}]}, {'value': 'Fullback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wellington Rugby Football Union ( known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region . The main stadium is Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) which is located in Wellington . The union also represents the Wellington Lions , which is professional rugby union team who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Lions competed in the National Provincial Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Alan Good', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Good', 'summary': 'Alan Good ( 12 July 1867 - 30 April 1938 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented the All Blacks in 1893 . His position of choice was wing three-quarter . Good did not play any test matches as New Zealand did not play their first until 1903 . Good was born in Urenui and received his education at Wanganui Collegiate . He was also an amateur athlete and in 1898 won the national amateur long jump title with a recorded jump of 19 inches and a half .'}]}, {'value': 'Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Taranaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taranaki_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Taranaki Rugby Football Union is a governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Taranaki . The main stadium is Yarrow Stadium which is located in New Plymouth . The union also represents the Taranaki Bulls , a professional rugby union team competing in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Bulls competed in the National Provincial Championship . On 25 October 2014 Taranaki won their first ITM Cup , defeating Tasman 36-32 in New Plymouth . This was the first time a team from outside the main population centres had won the premier New Zealand domestic rugby competition since Manawatu in 1980 . Taranaki has won the NPC second division more than any other Union in New Zealand , a record that the club will keep now the NPC is defunct . Taranaki also plays for the Ryan Wheeler memorial trophy , a trophy played for annually with the Waikato Rugby Union . In 2013 , Taranaki changed the Super Rugby allegiance to the Chiefs , after severing ties with the Hurricanes , which it had been part of since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'George Harper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Harper_(rugby_player)', 'summary': 'George Harper ( 19 August 1867 - 7 June 1937 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . A three-quarter , Harper represented Nelson at a provincial level , and was a member of the New Zealand national side , the All Blacks , on the 1893 tour to Australia . He played three matches for the All Blacks , but did not play in an international . Harper was educated at Nelson College from 1882 to 1885 . He died suddenly in 1937 after boarding a train at Paeroa station .'}]}, {'value': 'Three-quarter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Rugby_Union', 'summary': 'Nelson Rugby Union was founded in 1885 , and played provincial rugby until 1967 when they decided to merge with the Golden Bay-Motueka Rugby Union to create Nelson-Bays .'}]}, {'value': 'Francis Doss Mahon Jervis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Jervis', 'summary': 'Francis Mahon Jervis ( 26 December 1870 - 20 December 1952 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . A wing three-quarter , Jervis represented Auckland . He was a member of the New Zealand national side on their 1893 tour of Australia , playing in 10 of the 11 matches and scoring 38 points in all , making him the highest scorer on tour . His great grandsons are former New Zealand cricketers , Martin and Jeff Crowe through his daughter Ngaire .'}]}, {'value': 'Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': "The Auckland Rugby Union ( known as Auckland for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Auckland . The ARU governs the running of the Auckland representative team which have won New Zealand 's first-tier domestic competition , National Provincial Championship ( Air New Zealand Cup and ITM Cup ) 17 times - more than any other team . Their most recent victory was the 2018 competition . Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues , who play in the Super Rugby competition . The union is being coached by former All Black midfielder , Alama Ieremia . The union also administers all club rugby within the region , including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby . As well , the union is responsible for school rugby ."}]}, {'value': 'William Tabby Wynyard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tabby_Wynyard', 'summary': 'William Thomas Tabby Wynyard ( 1 January 1867 - 15 March 1938 ) was a rugby union footballer who toured with the 1888-89 New Zealand Native football team and the 1893 New Zealand team . He also played first-class cricket for both Wellington and Auckland .'}]}, {'value': 'Three-quarter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wellington Rugby Football Union ( known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region . The main stadium is Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) which is located in Wellington . The union also represents the Wellington Lions , which is professional rugby union team who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Lions competed in the National Provincial Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry Butland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Butland', 'summary': 'Henry Butland ( 11 February 1872 - 2 December 1956 ) was a rugby union player who represented New Zealand in the national side ( the All Blacks ) , playing in the halfback position . Born in Westport in 1872 , he represented West Coast at a provincial level . He was a member of the All Blacks in 1893 and 1894 , playing nine matches for the team , but no internationals . Following the death of Robert Oliphant in January 1956 , Butland held the distinction of being the oldest living All Black . He died on 2 December 1956 and was buried at Hokitika Cemetery .'}]}, {'value': 'Half back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'West Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The West Coast Rugby Football Union , formed in 1890 , is the official governing body for rugby union in a substantial part of the West Coast region of New Zealand and is affiliated to the New Zealand Rugby Union . The team is based in Greymouth and plays home matches at John Sturgeon Park ( known as Rugby Park until 2018 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'David Gage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Gage', 'summary': "David Richmond Davy Gage ( 11 January 1868 - 12 October 1916 ) was a New Zealand rugby union footballer . He played with the 1888-89 New Zealand Native football team , and represented New Zealand in 1893 , and once in 1896 when he captained the side . Gage was born in Kihikihi to Annie ( daughter of Joseph Jenner Merrett and Rangitetaea Koa ) and John Gage ( son of George Gage and Waana Pororua ) . After an early education in Auckland , he was awarded a scholarship to attend Te Aute College in the Hawke 's Bay . After joining the Poneke Football Club of fellow Te Aute old-boy Thomas Ellison in 1887 , he made his provincial debut for Wellington in that same year . It was probably at Ellison 's suggestion that he was selected for Joe Warbrick 's Native Football team that toured New Zealand , Australia , and Britain in 1888 and 1889 . Gage played in 68 of the Natives side 's 74 matches when in Britain , and appeared in their fixtures against Ireland , Wales , and England . The 74 British Isles matches were played over a period of six months , averaging a match every 2.3 days , and the Natives ' team often struggled to field a fit side . He could play anywhere in the backs , and ended up appearing in every back-line position despite originally being selected as a fullback . When the Natives toured Australia after the British Isles leg of their tour , Gage returned to New Zealand due to an ill relative . He did turn out for the team once they returned to New Zealand however , when he played a further five matches . After returning to Wellington , Gage continued playing for Poneke , and represented Wellington in 1889 ."}]}, {'value': 'Utility back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wellington Rugby Football Union ( known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region . The main stadium is Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) which is located in Wellington . The union also represents the Wellington Lions , which is professional rugby union team who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Lions competed in the National Provincial Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Maurice Herrold', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Herrold', 'summary': "Maurice Herrold ( 25 June 1869 - 26 August 1949 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . Born in India to English parents , Herrold arrived with his family in New Zealand in 1880 . He was educated at Napier Boys ' High School and then Auckland Grammar School . A halfback , Herrold eight times represented Auckland at a provincial level including two matches against touring 1888 British Lions . He was a member of the New Zealand national side on their 1893 tour to Australia . Troubled by injury he played two matches on the tour , but did not appear in any of the major games against New South Wales or Queensland ."}]}, {'value': 'Half back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': "The Auckland Rugby Union ( known as Auckland for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Auckland . The ARU governs the running of the Auckland representative team which have won New Zealand 's first-tier domestic competition , National Provincial Championship ( Air New Zealand Cup and ITM Cup ) 17 times - more than any other team . Their most recent victory was the 2018 competition . Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues , who play in the Super Rugby competition . The union is being coached by former All Black midfielder , Alama Ieremia . The union also administers all club rugby within the region , including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby . As well , the union is responsible for school rugby ."}]}, {'value': 'Graham Shannon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half back / Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Manawatu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manawatu_Rugby_Union', 'summary': "The Manawatu Rugby Football Union ( MRU ) is the governing body of the sport of rugby union in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand . Founded in 1886 , Manawatu is one of New Zealand 's oldest rugby unions . In 1892 , the MRU , amongst other unions , was instrumental in the founding of the New Zealand Rugby Union ( NZRU ) . In 1997-98 Manawatu entered into an amalgamation with Hawke 's Bay , as the Central Vikings , and wore orange and blue . The union is based in the city of Palmerston North though its catchment area includes players and clubs from nearby towns in the province , including Ashhurst , Feilding , Rongotea , Linton , Bulls , Pahiatua , Woodville and Dannevirke . It has over 5,000 players , making it the tenth largest union in New Zealand in terms of player numbers . In 2011 , the union celebrated its 125th jubilee . Manawatu have traditionally played in a distinctive green and white tramline jersey , which is thought to have been established in 1909 . In 1996 , a jersey including red was worn , and colours worn have varied since the union was formed . The union 's home ground is Central Energy Trust Arena . It was host to two matches during the 2011 Rugby World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Alfred Bayly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Bayly', 'summary': 'Alfred Bayly ( 20 May 1866 - 14 December 1907 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player and administrator , and cricketer .'}]}, {'value': 'Loose forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Taranaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taranaki_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Taranaki Rugby Football Union is a governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Taranaki . The main stadium is Yarrow Stadium which is located in New Plymouth . The union also represents the Taranaki Bulls , a professional rugby union team competing in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Bulls competed in the National Provincial Championship . On 25 October 2014 Taranaki won their first ITM Cup , defeating Tasman 36-32 in New Plymouth . This was the first time a team from outside the main population centres had won the premier New Zealand domestic rugby competition since Manawatu in 1980 . Taranaki has won the NPC second division more than any other Union in New Zealand , a record that the club will keep now the NPC is defunct . Taranaki also plays for the Ryan Wheeler memorial trophy , a trophy played for annually with the Waikato Rugby Union . In 2013 , Taranaki changed the Super Rugby allegiance to the Chiefs , after severing ties with the Hurricanes , which it had been part of since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sam Cockroft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Cockroft', 'summary': "Samuel Cockroft ( 13 May 1864 - 1 January 1955 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . A hooker , Cockroft represented Wellington , Manawatu and Hawke 's Bay at a provincial level , and was a member of the New Zealand national side , the All Blacks , in 1893 and 1894 . He played 12 matches for the All Blacks but did not play any internationals . He also played for Queensland in 1895 and 1896 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hooker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Manawatu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manawatu_Rugby_Union', 'summary': "The Manawatu Rugby Football Union ( MRU ) is the governing body of the sport of rugby union in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand . Founded in 1886 , Manawatu is one of New Zealand 's oldest rugby unions . In 1892 , the MRU , amongst other unions , was instrumental in the founding of the New Zealand Rugby Union ( NZRU ) . In 1997-98 Manawatu entered into an amalgamation with Hawke 's Bay , as the Central Vikings , and wore orange and blue . The union is based in the city of Palmerston North though its catchment area includes players and clubs from nearby towns in the province , including Ashhurst , Feilding , Rongotea , Linton , Bulls , Pahiatua , Woodville and Dannevirke . It has over 5,000 players , making it the tenth largest union in New Zealand in terms of player numbers . In 2011 , the union celebrated its 125th jubilee . Manawatu have traditionally played in a distinctive green and white tramline jersey , which is thought to have been established in 1909 . In 1996 , a jersey including red was worn , and colours worn have varied since the union was formed . The union 's home ground is Central Energy Trust Arena . It was host to two matches during the 2011 Rugby World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Ellison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Ellison', 'summary': "Thomas Rangiwahia Ellison , also known as Tom Ellison or Tamati Erihana ( c. 1867 - 2 October 1904 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player and lawyer . He led the first New Zealand representative rugby team organised by the New Zealand Rugby Football Union ( NZRFU ) on their 1893 tour of Australia . Ellison also played in the 1888-89 New Zealand Native football team on their epic 107-match tour , scoring 113 points , and 43 tries with the side . Born in Otakou , Otago Heads , Ellison was educated at Te Aute College , where he was introduced to rugby . After moving to Wellington , Ellison played for the Poneke Football Club , and was selected to play for Wellington province . He was recruited into Joe Warbrick 's privately organised Native football team in 1888 , and continued to play for both Poneke and Wellington on his return from that tour . In 1892 , he started to refine and popularise the wing-forward system of play , which was a vital element of New Zealand rugby 's success until 1932 . At the first NZRFU annual general meeting in 1893 , he proposed that the playing colours of the New Zealand side should be predominantly black with a silver fern - a playing strip that would give the team their famous name of All Blacks . He retired from playing rugby after captaining the 1893 New Zealand side to New South Wales and Queensland , but continued in the sport as a coach and administrator . Ellison was the author of a coaching manual , The Art of Rugby Football , published in 1902 . As well as being one of the first Māori admitted to the bar , practising as a solicitor , and later as a barrister , Ellison also stood unsuccessfully for the Southern Maori parliamentary seat several times . After contracting tuberculosis in 1904 , he was briefly institutionalised before dying later that year ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wellington Rugby Football Union ( known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons ) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region . The main stadium is Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) which is located in Wellington . The union also represents the Wellington Lions , which is professional rugby union team who compete in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Lions competed in the National Provincial Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'John Henry Gardner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Gardner_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "John Henry Gardner ( 30 January 1870 - 5 March 1909 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . A loose forward , Gardner has the distinction of being the first player to represent the New Zealand national team before gaining provincial representation . He was a member of the New Zealand team on their 1893 tour of Australia , playing in four matches . He did not win a test cap , as New Zealand did not play its first full international match until 1903 . After the tour of Australia , Gardner represented South Canterbury at a provincial level for two seasons , and captained the side in 1894 . Gardner was born in Timaru on 30 January 1870 . In 1896 he took over the licence of the Sportsman 's Arms Hotel at Saltwater Creek , just south of Timaru , from his father . The following year Gardner married Margaret Catherine Kennedy , and the couple had three children . In 1908 Gardner moved to Australia . He died in Melbourne Gaol on 5 March 1909 following a heavy drinking session ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'South Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Canterbury_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The South Canterbury Rugby Football Union ( SCRFU ) is a rugby province based in the central South Island city of Timaru , New Zealand . The South Canterbury team play from Alpine Energy Stadium located in Timaru .'}]}, {'value': 'Rod Gray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roderick_Gray', 'summary': "Roderick Gray ( 22 October 1870 - 27 May 1951 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . Gray was born in Masterton in 1870 , and he received his education there . A utility forward , Gray represented Wairarapa at a provincial level , playing 15 games for the team between 1891 and 1897 . He played two games for the New Zealand national rugby union team on their 1893 tour of Australia . Initially passed over in the trials , he was called up ( together with Billy Watson ) as reinforcement , and arrived in time to play the last two games of the tour . He did not appear in any Test matches as New Zealand did not play its first full international until 1903 . Gray worked as a farmer and is said to have been a 'fine miler ' . He died on 27 May 1951 at Taratahi in the Wairarapa , and was buried at the Archer Street Cemetery in Masterton ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wairarapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wairarapa_Bush_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wairarapa-Bush Rugby Football Union is the body that regulates rugby union in Masterton , New Zealand . It was formed in 1971 with the amalgamation of the Wairapapa and Bush Unions . The Wairarapa-Bush team play in the Heartland Championship from Memorial Park , Masterton . They were the inaugural winners of the Meads Cup after beating Wanganui 16-14 on 21 October 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'James Taylor Lambie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Lambie_(rugby_union)', 'summary': 'James Taylor Lambie ( 9 April 1870 - 15 April 1905 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented the All Blacks between 1893 and 1894 . His position of choice was forward . Lambie did not play in any test matches as New Zealand did not play their first until 1903 .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Taranaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taranaki_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Taranaki Rugby Football Union is a governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Taranaki . The main stadium is Yarrow Stadium which is located in New Plymouth . The union also represents the Taranaki Bulls , a professional rugby union team competing in the Mitre 10 Cup competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield . Before 2006 the Bulls competed in the National Provincial Championship . On 25 October 2014 Taranaki won their first ITM Cup , defeating Tasman 36-32 in New Plymouth . This was the first time a team from outside the main population centres had won the premier New Zealand domestic rugby competition since Manawatu in 1980 . Taranaki has won the NPC second division more than any other Union in New Zealand , a record that the club will keep now the NPC is defunct . Taranaki also plays for the Ryan Wheeler memorial trophy , a trophy played for annually with the Waikato Rugby Union . In 2013 , Taranaki changed the Super Rugby allegiance to the Chiefs , after severing ties with the Hurricanes , which it had been part of since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Nicholson Macintosh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Macintosh_(rugby_union)', 'summary': 'Charles Nicholson Macintosh ( 6 June 1869 - 14 September 1918 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player and politician . He served as Mayor of Timaru between 1901 and 1902 .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'South Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Canterbury_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The South Canterbury Rugby Football Union ( SCRFU ) is a rugby province based in the central South Island city of Timaru , New Zealand . The South Canterbury team play from Alpine Energy Stadium located in Timaru .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert McKenzie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_McKenzie_(rugby_player)', 'summary': "Robert Rab McKenzie ( 1 June 1869 - 24 June 1940 ) , was a rugby union player who represented New Zealand twice in 1893 . He first played provincial rugby for Auckland in 1888 , including three against the touring 1888 British Isles team . He scored Auckland 's first ever try against a British Isles side in the first match , and was in the team less than a week later for the second ; the second match resulted in a 4-0 loss for the tourists . He continued representing Auckland until 1891 , and the following year was living in the Taranaki , for whom he played provincial rugby that season . The following year he was back in Auckland and playing for the Auckland Suburbs club . In 1892 the New Zealand Rugby Football Union was founded by the majority of New Zealand 's provincial unions ( with the exceptions of Canterbury , Otago , and Southland ) , and in 1893 the newly formed national union organised a New Zealand representative team to tour Australia . McKenzie was not originally able to tour , but traveled to Australia late in the tour to bolster the tourists following some injuries . He played in two matches , including one against New South Wales . McKenzie returned to the Auckland team in 1894 and played against the touring New South Wales side . He also played for the North Island against the tourists ."}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'Auckland are the top representative rugby union team of the Auckland Rugby Football Union in New Zealand . They currently compete in the Mitre 10 Cup Premiership . Auckland has been the most successful team in NPC and its successors , winning the title a record 16 times . Auckland have also produced a record number of All Blacks , 181 , the most recent being Akira Ioane in 2017 . Auckland are currently coached by Alama Ieremia .'}]}, {'value': 'William McKenzie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_McKenzie_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "William Mac McKenzie ( 12 June 1871 - 1 July 1943 ) , also known as Offside Mac , was a rugby union player who represented New Zealand in the 1890s . Playing at wing-forward , McKenzie was first selected for the New Zealand national team on their 1893 tour of Australia , and continued to be selected up until the end of New Zealand 's 1897 tour of Australia . In his 20 matches for the national side , McKenzie scored 23 points . McKenzie was first selected provincially for Wairarapa in 1889 at the age of 18 . He eventually relocated to Wellington in 1893 , and joined the Petone Rugby Club . He was selected for Wellington that year , and was included in the New Zealand team to tour Australia . The 1893 tour of Australia was the first New Zealand team selected under the authority of the newly formed New Zealand Rugby Football Union . Captained by Thomas Ellison , the team played eleven matches , including three against New South Wales , and lost only one . McKenzie , playing at wing-forward , appeared in nine matches on the tour , including the team 's only loss , which was to New South Wales . He did not appear in any test matches as New Zealand did not play its first full international until 1903 . McKenzie became infamous for being the first New Zealand player ordered off . In the last of the tour 's matches against New South Wales referee Edward McCausland ordered McKenzie from the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Wing forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Wairarapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wairarapa_Bush_Rugby_Football_Union', 'summary': 'The Wairarapa-Bush Rugby Football Union is the body that regulates rugby union in Masterton , New Zealand . It was formed in 1971 with the amalgamation of the Wairapapa and Bush Unions . The Wairarapa-Bush team play in the Heartland Championship from Memorial Park , Masterton . They were the inaugural winners of the Meads Cup after beating Wanganui 16-14 on 21 October 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'John Mowlem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Mowlem_(rugby_player)', 'summary': 'John Mowlem ( 9 August 1870 - 12 October 1951 ) was a New Zealand rugby union player . A forward , Mowlem thirteen times represented Manawatu at a provincial level , and after transfer to Greytown he played four matches for Wairarapa . He was a member of the New Zealand national side , the All Blacks , on the 1893 tour to Australia . He played four matches for the All Blacks , but did not play in an international .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_positions', 'summary': 'In the game of rugby union , there are 15 players on each team , comprising eight forwards ( wearing jerseys numbered 1-8 ) and seven backs ( numbered 9-15 ) . In addition , there may be up to eight replacement players on the bench , numbered 16-23 . Players are not restricted to a single position , although they generally specialise in just one or two that suit their skills and body types . Players that play multiple positions are called utility players . Forwards compete for the ball in scrums and line-outs and are generally bigger and stronger than the backs . Props push in the scrums , while the hooker tries to secure the ball for their team by hooking it back with their heel . The hooker is also the one who is responsible for throwing the ball in at line-outs , where it is mostly competed for by the locks , who are generally the tallest players on the team . The flankers and number eight are expected to be the first players to arrive at a breakdown and play an important role in securing possession of the ball for their team . The backs play behind the forwards and are usually more lightly built and faster . Successful backs are skilful at passing and kicking . Full-backs need to be good defenders and kickers , and have the ability to catch a kicked ball . The wingers are usually among the fastest players in a team and score many of the tries .'}]}, {'value': 'Manawatu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manawatu_Rugby_Union', 'summary': "The Manawatu Rugby Football Union ( MRU ) is the governing body of the sport of rugby union in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand . Founded in 1886 , Manawatu is one of New Zealand 's oldest rugby unions . In 1892 , the MRU , amongst other unions , was instrumental in the founding of the New Zealand Rugby Union ( NZRU ) . In 1997-98 Manawatu entered into an amalgamation with Hawke 's Bay , as the Central Vikings , and wore orange and blue . The union is based in the city of Palmerston North though its catchment area includes players and clubs from nearby towns in the province , including Ashhurst , Feilding , Rongotea , Linton , Bulls , Pahiatua , Woodville and Dannevirke . It has over 5,000 players , making it the tenth largest union in New Zealand in terms of player numbers . In 2011 , the union celebrated its 125th jubilee . Manawatu have traditionally played in a distinctive green and white tramline jersey , which is thought to have been established in 1909 . In 1996 , a jersey including red was worn , and colours worn have varied since the union was formed . The union 's home ground is Central Energy Trust Arena . It was host to two matches during the 2011 Rugby World Cup ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Touring party', 'section_text': 'Manager : G.F.C . Campbell Captain : Thomas Ellison', 'uid': '1893_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia_0', 'intro': 'The 1893 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the second tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia. Ten matches were played against regional and district sides, but no Test matches were played. It was first tour arranged by New Zealand Rugby Football Union which was founded the year before. The only previous New Zealand national team was the side that toured New South Wales in 1884. Immediately before departing for Sydney, the tourists played a match against a Combined XV in Wellington, which New Zealand won 7-4.'}
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Which position did the player born in Urenui and educated at Wanganui Collegiate play in ?
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Wing
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02f39021bef904e8
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Thai_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film', 'title': 'List of Thai submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film', 'header': ['Year ( Ceremony )', 'Film title used in nomination', 'Original title', 'Director', 'Result'], 'data': [{'value': '1984 ( 57th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of events in 1984 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . The year 's highest-grossing film was Beverly Hills Cop . Ghostbusters overtook it , however , with a re-release the following year . It was the first time in five years that the top-grossing film did not involve George Lucas or Steven Spielberg although Spielberg directed the third placed Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and executive produced the fourth placed Gremlins . U.S. boxoffice grosses reached $ 4 billion for the first time and it was the first year that two films had returned over $ 100 million to their distributors with both Ghostbusters and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom achieving this . Beverly Hills Cop made it three for films released in 1984 after its performance during 1985 took it to rentals of $ 108 million . Other popular films included The NeverEnding Story , which was the most expensive film produced in West Germany , The Karate Kid and Romancing the Stone . A high number of sci-fi/fantasy films were released in 1984 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/57th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 57th Academy Awards were presented March 25 , 1985 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . Jack Lemmon presided over the ceremonies . The big winner at the ceremony was Miloš Forman 's Amadeus , which had received 11 nominations and won 8 awards including Best Picture and Best Actor for F. Murray Abraham . As of the 90th Academy Awards , Amadeus is the most recent film to receive two lead actor nominations . The winner of Best Supporting Actor was also significant . Haing S. Ngor , a Cambodian surgeon who survived the horrors of the Khmer Rouge , won the award for his performance as Dith Pran in Roland Joffé 's The Killing Fields , despite having had no previous acting experience . Ngor and Harold Russell are the only two non-professional actors to win Academy Awards for acting . Sally Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Places in the Heart , her second Oscar , after winning in the same category in 1980 for Norma Rae . In her acceptance speech , she exclaimed , The first time I did n't feel it , but this time I feel it , and I ca n't deny the fact that you like me , right now , you like me ! ( often misquoted as you really like me ! ) 77-year-old Peggy Ashcroft won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in A Passage to India , making her the oldest winner in that category . This ceremony marked the first time that multiple black nominees would win an Oscar , when Prince and Stevie Wonder won for their respective work on Purple Rain and The Woman in Red ."}]}, {'value': 'The Story of Nampoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Story_of_Nampoo', 'summary': 'The Story of Nampoo ( Thai : น้ำพุ ) is a 1984 Thai drama film directed by Euthana Mukdasanit . It is based on the book of the same name ( known in Thai as เรื่องของน้ำพุ ) by Suwanni Sukhontha . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'น้ำพุ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Euthana Mukdasanit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Euthana_Mukdasanit', 'summary': "Euthana Mukdasanit ( Thai : ยุทธนา มุกดาสนิท , born May 25 , 1952 ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . As a contemporary of Chatrichalerm Yukol , Euthana was among a group of directors that during the 1970s made films that focused on social problems . Among his early efforts was the 1977 docudrama , Tongpan , which was initially banned in Thailand for its socialist themes . His 1984 film , Story of Nam Poo , was submitted as Thailand 's official entry to the Academy Awards . Butterfly and Flowers , an acclaimed drama set in Muslim-majority southern Thailand , was screened and won Best Film at the Hawaii International Film Festival in 1985 . He also directed the remake of the 1965 musical comedy film , Ngern Ngern Ngern ( Money Money Money ) , and the romantic drama Sunset at Chaophraya ( 1996 ) . Euthana served as stunt coordinator and third-unit director on Chatrichalerm 's The Legend of Suriyothai , and he also works as an acting coach . He was awarded the Lotus Award for lifetime achievement by the World Film Festival of Bangkok in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 ( 62nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1989 involved many significant films .'}, {'url': '/wiki/62nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 62nd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 1989 and took place on March 26 , 1990 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California on March 3 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Richard Dysart and Diane Ladd . Driving Miss Daisy won four awards including Best Picture and Best Actress for Jessica Tandy , the oldest person at the time to win a competitive acting Oscar . Other winners included Glory with three awards , Born on the Fourth of July , The Little Mermaid , and My Left Foot with two , and The Abyss , Balance , Batman , Cinema Paradiso , Common Threads : Stories from the Quilt , Dead Poets Society , Henry V , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , The Johnstown Flood , and Work Experience with one . The telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'The Elephant Keeper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Elephant_Keeper', 'summary': 'The Elephant Keeper ( Thai : คนเลี้ยงช้าง ; RTGS : Khon liang chang ) is a 1987 Thai drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'คนเลี้ยงช้าง', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatrichalerm Yukol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatrichalerm_Yukol', 'summary': 'Prince Chatrichalerm Yukol ( Thai : หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล ; RTGS : Chatrichaloem Yukhon ; born November 29 , 1942 ) , or usually known by his nickname Mui ( Thai : มุ้ย ) , is a Thai film director , screenwriter and film producer . A prolific director since the 1970s , among his films is the 2001 historical epic , The Legend of Suriyothai . A member of the Thai royal family , his official royal title is Mom Chao , or M.C. , the most junior title still considered royalty . For Suriyothai as well as his 2007 historical epic , King Naresuan , Chatrichalerm was backed by Queen Sirikit . Four of his films have been submitted by Thailand for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film : The Elephant Keeper , Song for Chao Phya , Daughter 2 and King of Fire . In 1981 , he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival . In June 2012 , he was adjudged bankrupt , causing his ongoing film project to be halted indefinitely .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990 ( 63rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1990 in film involved many significant events as shown below . Universal Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1990 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/63rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 63rd Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 25 , 1991 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) were presented in 23 categories . The ceremony , which was televised in the United States on ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the second consecutive year . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Geena Davis . Dances with Wolves won seven awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Dick Tracy with three awards , Ghost with two awards , and American Dream , Creature Comforts , Cyrano de Bergerac , Days of Waiting , Goodfellas , The Hunt for Red October , Journey of Hope , The Lunch Date , Misery , Reversal of Fortune , and Total Recall with one . The telecast garnered nearly 43 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Song for Chao Phraya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Song_for_Chao_Phraya', 'summary': 'Song for Chao Phraya ( Thai : น้องเมีย ; RTGS : Nawng mia ) is a 1990 Thai drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'น้องเมีย', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatrichalerm Yukol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatrichalerm_Yukol', 'summary': 'Prince Chatrichalerm Yukol ( Thai : หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล ; RTGS : Chatrichaloem Yukhon ; born November 29 , 1942 ) , or usually known by his nickname Mui ( Thai : มุ้ย ) , is a Thai film director , screenwriter and film producer . A prolific director since the 1970s , among his films is the 2001 historical epic , The Legend of Suriyothai . A member of the Thai royal family , his official royal title is Mom Chao , or M.C. , the most junior title still considered royalty . For Suriyothai as well as his 2007 historical epic , King Naresuan , Chatrichalerm was backed by Queen Sirikit . Four of his films have been submitted by Thailand for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film : The Elephant Keeper , Song for Chao Phya , Daughter 2 and King of Fire . In 1981 , he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival . In June 2012 , he was adjudged bankrupt , causing his ongoing film project to be halted indefinitely .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 ( 68th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_in_film', 'summary': "This is a list of films released in 1995 . The highly anticipated sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance was the year 's biggest box-office hit , and Braveheart won the Academy Award for Best Picture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/68th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 68th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 1995 in the United States and took place on March 25 , 1996 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Quincy Jones and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 66th ceremony in 1994 . Three weeks earlier , in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Richard Dreyfuss . Braveheart won five awards , including Best Director for Mel Gibson and Best Picture . Other winners included Apollo 13 , Pocahontas , Restoration and The Usual Suspects with two awards , and Anne Frank Remembered , Antonia 's Line , Babe , A Close Shave , Dead Man Walking , Il Postino : The Postman , Leaving Las Vegas , Lieberman in Love , Mighty Aphrodite , One Survivor Remembers and Sense and Sensibility with one . The telecast garnered almost 45 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Once Upon A Time ... This Morning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(1994_film)', 'summary': 'Once Upon a Time or Once Upon a Time . This Morning ( Thai : กาลครั้งหนึ่งเมื่อเช้านี้ or Kalla khrung nueng . muea chao nee ) is a 1994 Thai drama film directed by Bhandit Rittakol . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 68th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'กาลครั้งหนึ่ง เมื่อเช้านี้', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bhandit Rittakol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhandit_Rittakol', 'summary': 'Bhandit Rittakol ( Thai : บัณฑิต ฤทธิ์ถกล , b . 21 March 1951 in Ayutthaya Province , Thailand d. 1 October 2009 in Bangkok ) was an award-winning Thai film director , producer and screenwriter . His films include the controversial biographical film of Thai communist revolutionary Seksan Prasertkul , The Moonhunter ; the jungle thriller Tigress of King River and The Seed ( Duay Klao or Thai : ด้วยเกล้า ) , a semi-documentary story of Isan farmers hit by drought who are saved by cloud seeding operations sponsored by King Bhumibol Adulyadej , as well as the Boonchu teen comedy series of the 1980s and 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 ( 70th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1997 in film involved many significant films , including Titanic , and the beginning of the film studio DreamWorks .'}, {'url': '/wiki/70th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 70th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 23 , 1998 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the show , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 1997 . The ceremony , which was televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the sixth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 , and he had hosted the previous year 's gala . Nearly a month earlier in an event held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on February 28 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Ashley Judd . Titanic won a record-tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture . Other winners included As Good as It Gets , Good Will Hunting and L.A . Confidential with two awards , and The Full Monty , Geri 's Game , Karakter , The Long Way Home , Visas and Virtue , Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one . The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Daughter 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daughter_2', 'summary': 'Daughter 2 ( Thai : เสียดาย 2 , Sia dai 2 ) is a 1996 Thai drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'เสียดาย 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatrichalerm Yukol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatrichalerm_Yukol', 'summary': 'Prince Chatrichalerm Yukol ( Thai : หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล ; RTGS : Chatrichaloem Yukhon ; born November 29 , 1942 ) , or usually known by his nickname Mui ( Thai : มุ้ย ) , is a Thai film director , screenwriter and film producer . A prolific director since the 1970s , among his films is the 2001 historical epic , The Legend of Suriyothai . A member of the Thai royal family , his official royal title is Mom Chao , or M.C. , the most junior title still considered royalty . For Suriyothai as well as his 2007 historical epic , King Naresuan , Chatrichalerm was backed by Queen Sirikit . Four of his films have been submitted by Thailand for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film : The Elephant Keeper , Song for Chao Phya , Daughter 2 and King of Fire . In 1981 , he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival . In June 2012 , he was adjudged bankrupt , causing his ongoing film project to be halted indefinitely .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 ( 71st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1998 in film involved many significant films including ; Shakespeare in Love ( which won the Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Saving Private Ryan , American History X , The Truman Show , Primary Colors , Rushmore , Rush Hour , There 's Something About Mary , The Big Lebowski , and Terrence Malick 's directorial return in The Thin Red Line . Animated releases included Antz , A Bug 's Life , Mulan , The Prince of Egypt and The Rugrats Movie . Warner Bros. Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1998 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/71st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 71st Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best of 1998 in film and took place on March 21 , 1999 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the third time . She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 68th ceremony in 1996 . Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on February 27 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Anne Heche . Shakespeare in Love won seven awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Saving Private Ryan with five awards , Life Is Beautiful with three , and Affliction , Bunny , Election Night , Elizabeth , Gods and Monsters , The Last Days , The Personals , The Prince of Egypt and What Dreams May Come with one . The telecast garnered nearly 46 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Who Is Running ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Who_Is_Running?', 'summary': "Who is Running ? ( Thai : ท้าฟ้าลิขิต or Ta fa likit ) is a 1997 Thai drama film directed by Oxide Pang Chun . The directorial debut of Oxide Pang , it was Thailand 's official entry to the Academy Awards in 1998 ."}]}, {'value': 'ท้าฟ้าลิขิต', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxide Pang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxide_Pang', 'summary': 'Danny Pang Phat and Oxide Pang Chun , collectively known as the Pang Brothers , are a filmmaking duo of screenwriters and film directors . The pair are twins , born in Hong Kong in 1965 . Among their films is the hit Asian horror film , The Eye , which has spawned two sequels , as well as a Hollywood version also titled The Eye and a Hindi film called Naina . Besides working in Hong Kong , the pair frequently work in the Thai film industry , where they made their directorial debut as a team , Bangkok Dangerous .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 ( 73rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2000 in film involved some significant events . The top grosser worldwide was Mission : Impossible 2 . Domestically in North America , Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor ( Russell Crowe ) . Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success .'}, {'url': '/wiki/73rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 73rd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best of 2000 in film and took place on March 25 , 2001 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles , beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 3 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Renée Zellweger . Gladiator won five awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon and Traffic with four awards , and Almost Famous , Big Mama , Erin Brockovich , Father and Daughter , How the Grinch Stole Christmas , Into the Arms of Strangers : Stories of the Kindertransport , Pollock , Quiero ser ( I want to be . ) , U-571 , and Wonder Boys with one . The telecast garnered almost 43 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': '6ixtynin9', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/6ixtynin9', 'summary': 'Ruang Talok 69 ( Thai : เรื่องตลก 69 , English : 6ixtynin9 or A Funny Story About 6 and 9 ) , is a 1999 Thai crime film written and directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang . It is the second feature film by the Thai writer-director . It stars Lalita Panyopas , a popular star of Thai soap operas .'}]}, {'value': 'เรื่องตลก 69', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pen-Ek Ratanaruang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pen-Ek_Ratanaruang', 'summary': "Pen-Ek Ratanaruang ( Thai : เป็นเอก รัตนเรือง ; RTGS : Pen-ek Rattanarueang ; born 8 March 1962 , Bangkok , Thailand ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his arthouse work , Last Life in the Universe , and is considered to be one of Thai cinema 's leading new wave auteurs , alongside Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul . He goes by the nickname Tom and is sometimes credited as Tom Pannet ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 ( 74th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_in_film', 'summary': "The year 2001 in film involved some significant events , including the first of the Harry Potter series , the first of The Fast and the Furious franchise , the first of The Lord of the Rings trilogy , the first of the Ocean 's Trilogy , and the first of the Shrek franchise . Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding and Amélie ."}, {'url': '/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 74th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 24 , 2002 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2001 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the fourth time . She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 71st ceremony in 1999 . Three weeks earlier , in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Charlize Theron . A Beautiful Mind won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Ron Howard . Other winners included The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring also with four awards , Black Hawk Down , and Moulin Rouge ! with two , and The Accountant , For the Birds , Gosford Park , Iris , Monster 's Ball , Monsters , Inc. , Murder on a Sunday Morning , No Man 's Land , Pearl Harbor , Shrek , Thoth , and Training Day , with one . Despite a record length of four hours and twenty-three minutes , the telecast garnered nearly 42 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'The Moonhunter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Moonhunter', 'summary': "The Moonhunter ( Thai : 14 tula , songkram prachachon , 14 ตุลา สงครามประชาชน ) is a 2001 Thai film directed by Bhandit Rittakol . It was Thailand 's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee . It is based on the autobiography of Seksan Prasertkul ."}]}, {'value': '14 ตุลา สงครามประชาชน', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bhandit Rittakol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhandit_Rittakol', 'summary': 'Bhandit Rittakol ( Thai : บัณฑิต ฤทธิ์ถกล , b . 21 March 1951 in Ayutthaya Province , Thailand d. 1 October 2009 in Bangkok ) was an award-winning Thai film director , producer and screenwriter . His films include the controversial biographical film of Thai communist revolutionary Seksan Prasertkul , The Moonhunter ; the jungle thriller Tigress of King River and The Seed ( Duay Klao or Thai : ด้วยเกล้า ) , a semi-documentary story of Isan farmers hit by drought who are saved by cloud seeding operations sponsored by King Bhumibol Adulyadej , as well as the Boonchu teen comedy series of the 1980s and 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 ( 75th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2002 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 75th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) took place on March 23 , 2003 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2002 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted for the second time , having previously presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 1 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Kate Hudson . Chicago won six awards including Best Picture . Other winners included The Pianist with three awards , Frida and The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers with two , and Adaptation , Bowling for Columbine , The ChubbChubbs ! , 8 Mile , The Hours , Nowhere in Africa , Road to Perdition , Spirited Away , Talk to Her , This Charming Man , and Twin Towers with one . The telecast garnered about 33 million viewers in the United States , making it the least-watched and lowest-rated televised Oscar ceremony to that point .'}]}, {'value': 'Monrak Transistor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monrak_Transistor', 'summary': 'Monrak Transistor ( Thai : มนต์รักทรานซิสเตอร์ , English : Transistor Love Story ) is a 2001 Thai film directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang . Blending several genres , including comedy , romance , musical and crime , it is the story of a young man named Pan and his odyssey after he goes AWOL from the army and tries to make it as a luk thung singing star .'}]}, {'value': 'มนต์รักทรานซิสเตอร์', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pen-Ek Ratanaruang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pen-Ek_Ratanaruang', 'summary': "Pen-Ek Ratanaruang ( Thai : เป็นเอก รัตนเรือง ; RTGS : Pen-ek Rattanarueang ; born 8 March 1962 , Bangkok , Thailand ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his arthouse work , Last Life in the Universe , and is considered to be one of Thai cinema 's leading new wave auteurs , alongside Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul . He goes by the nickname Tom and is sometimes credited as Tom Pannet ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003 ( 76th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2003 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 76th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2003 and took place on February 29 , 2004 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Joe Roth and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the eighth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 72nd ceremony held in 2000 . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel & Spa in Pasadena , California held on February 14 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jennifer Garner . The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King won all eleven awards it was nominated for , tying the Academy Awards record for most awards won ( alongside Ben-Hur and Titanic ) , including Best Director for Peter Jackson and Best Picture . Other winners included Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World and Mystic River with two awards and The Barbarian Invasions , Chernobyl Heart , Cold Mountain , Finding Nemo , The Fog of War , Harvie Krumpet , Lost in Translation , Monster and Two Soldiers with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in North America the United States , making it the most-watched telecast in four years .'}]}, {'value': 'Last Life in the Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Last_Life_in_the_Universe', 'summary': 'Last Life in the Universe ( Thai title : เรื่องรัก น้อยนิด มหาศาล , Ruang rak noi nid mahasan ) is a 2003 Thai film directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang . The film is notable for being trilingual ; the two main characters flit from Thai to Japanese to English as their vocabulary requires . The film stars Japanese actor Tadanobu Asano and Sinitta Boonyasak .'}]}, {'value': 'เรื่องรัก น้อยนิด มหาศาล', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pen-Ek Ratanaruang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pen-Ek_Ratanaruang', 'summary': "Pen-Ek Ratanaruang ( Thai : เป็นเอก รัตนเรือง ; RTGS : Pen-ek Rattanarueang ; born 8 March 1962 , Bangkok , Thailand ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his arthouse work , Last Life in the Universe , and is considered to be one of Thai cinema 's leading new wave auteurs , alongside Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul . He goes by the nickname Tom and is sometimes credited as Tom Pannet ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 ( 77th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_in_film', 'summary': '2004 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , a list of country-specific lists of films released , notable deaths and film debuts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 77th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on February 27 , 2005 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2004 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel & Spa in Pasadena , California held on February 12 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Scarlett Johansson . The Aviator won the most awards of the night with five . Million Dollar Baby won four awards , including Best Picture . Other winners included The Incredibles , and Ray with two awards , and Born into Brothels , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , Finding Neverland , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events , Mighty Times : The Children 's March , The Motorcycle Diaries , Ryan , The Sea Inside , Sideways , Spider-Man 2 and Wasp each with one . The telecast garnered over 42 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'The Overture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Overture', 'summary': "The Overture ( Thai : โหมโรง or Hom rong ) is a 2004 Thai tragic-nostalgia music-drama film . A fictionalised account based on the life story of Thai palace musician Luang Pradit Phairoh ( Sorn Silapabanleng ) , it follows the life of a Thai classical musician from the late 19th century to the 1940s . The film was the winner of several awards in Thailand and was the country 's official selection for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . It was directed by Ittisoontorn Vichailak and producers included Nonzee Nimibutr and Chatrichalerm Yukol . The film was also credited with a revival in the popularity of piphat - Thai classical music . In 2015 , this film had been remade into a musical play from the 4th of April to 17 May at KBank Siam Pic-Ganesha Theatre ."}]}, {'value': 'โหมโรง', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Itthisoontorn Vichailak', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 ( 78th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_in_film', 'summary': '2005 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , a list of country-specific lists of films released , notable deaths and film debuts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/78th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 78th Academy Awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid a clash with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle & Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'The Tin Mine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tin_Mine', 'summary': "The Tin Mine ( Thai : มหาลัย เหมืองแร่ or Maha'lai muang rae ) is a 2005 Thai biographical drama film directed by Jira Maligool . It is adapted from short stories by Ajin Panjapan and his semi-autobiographical account of growing up in a mining camp in Kapong District of Phang Nga Province from 1949 to 1953 . The Tin Mine was the official entry from Thailand for Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards ."}]}, {'value': "มหา ' ลัย เหมืองแร่", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jira Maligool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jira_Maligool', 'summary': 'Jira Maligool ( Thai : จิระ มะลิกุล ; RTGS : Chira Malikun ; born 1961 ) is a Thai film director , screenwriter and producer . He has directed three films , Mekhong Full Moon Party , The Tin Mine and Seven Something ( part 42.195 ) , and was the screenwriter behind the international hit , The Iron Ladies .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 ( 79th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 2006 , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/79th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 79th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2006 and took place February 25 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 10 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Maggie Gyllenhaal . The Departed won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Martin Scorsese . Other winners included Pan 's Labyrinth with three , An Inconvenient Truth , Dreamgirls and Little Miss Sunshine with two , and Babel , The Blood of Yingzhou District , The Danish Poet , Happy Feet , The Last King of Scotland , Letters from Iwo Jima , The Lives of Others , Marie Antoinette , Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , The Queen and West Bank Story with one . The telecast garnered nearly 40 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahimsa ... Stop to Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahingsa-Jikko_mee_gam', 'summary': 'Ahingsa-Jikko mee gam ( Thai : อหิงสา จิ๊กโก๋ มีกรรม , also Ahimsa . Stop to Run ) is a 2005 Thai karmic-crime-comedy-drama written and directed by Kittikorn Kiasirikun ( Leo Kittikorn ) .'}]}, {'value': 'อหิงสา จิ๊กโก๋ มีกรรม', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kittikorn Liasirikun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kittikorn_Liasirikun', 'summary': 'Kittikorn Liasirikun ( Thai : กิตติกร เลียวศิริกุล , born 1967 ) , also known as Leo Kittikorn , is a Thai film director , screenwriter and producer . His films include Bus Lane and Saving Private Tootsie .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 ( 80th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End , which was just ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century . As of 2019 , this was the last year in which no film grossed at least $ 1 billion at the worldwide box office ."}, {'url': '/wiki/80th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 80th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2007 and took place on February 24 , 2008 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J , Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 78th ceremony held in 2006 . Two weeks earlier in a gala at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 9 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Alba . No Country for Old Men won the most awards of the ceremony with four including Best Picture . Other winners included The Bourne Ultimatum with three awards , La Vie en Rose ( La môme ) and There Will Be Blood with two awards , and Atonement , The Counterfeiters , Elizabeth : The Golden Age , Freeheld , The Golden Compass , Juno , Michael Clayton , The Mozart of Pickpockets , Once , Peter & the Wolf , Ratatouille , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street , and Taxi to the Dark Side with one . The telecast garnered 31 million viewers , making it the least watched Oscar broadcast since 1974 , when Nielsen began keeping records of viewership .'}]}, {'value': 'King of Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Naresuan_(film)', 'summary': 'The Legend of King Naresuan ( Thai : ตำนานสมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช ; RTGS : Tamnan Somdet Phra Naresuan Maha Rath ) is a Thai biographical historical drama film about King Naresuan the Great , who ruled Siam from 1590 until his death in 1605 . The films are directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol and are a followup to his 2003 film , The Legend of Suriyothai . The films were released in the U.S. under the titles Kingdom of War .'}]}, {'value': 'ตำนานสมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช ตอนประกาศอิสรภาพ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatrichalerm Yukol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatrichalerm_Yukol', 'summary': 'Prince Chatrichalerm Yukol ( Thai : หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล ; RTGS : Chatrichaloem Yukhon ; born November 29 , 1942 ) , or usually known by his nickname Mui ( Thai : มุ้ย ) , is a Thai film director , screenwriter and film producer . A prolific director since the 1970s , among his films is the 2001 historical epic , The Legend of Suriyothai . A member of the Thai royal family , his official royal title is Mom Chao , or M.C. , the most junior title still considered royalty . For Suriyothai as well as his 2007 historical epic , King Naresuan , Chatrichalerm was backed by Queen Sirikit . Four of his films have been submitted by Thailand for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film : The Elephant Keeper , Song for Chao Phya , Daughter 2 and King of Fire . In 1981 , he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival . In June 2012 , he was adjudged bankrupt , causing his ongoing film project to be halted indefinitely .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 ( 81st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2008 involved many major movie events . Its highest-grossing films included The Dark Knight , Kung Fu Panda , WALL-E and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .'}, {'url': '/wiki/81st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 81st Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2008 and took place on February 22 , 2009 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark and directed by Roger Goodman . Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 7 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Biel . Slumdog Millionaire won eight awards , the most of the evening , including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle . Other winners were The Curious Case of Benjamin Button with three awards , The Dark Knight and Milk with two awards , and Departures , The Duchess , La Maison en Petits Cubes , Man on Wire , The Reader , Smile Pinki , Toyland , Vicky Cristina Barcelona , and WALL-E with one . The telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Love of Siam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Love_of_Siam', 'summary': "Love of Siam ( Thai : รักแห่งสยาม , RTGS : Rak Haeng Sayam , pronounced [ rák hɛ̀ŋ sà.jǎːm ] ) is a 2007 Thai multi-layered romantic-drama film written and directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul . The film tells a story of love , friendship and family . The film was released in Thailand on November 22 , 2007 . The fact that the gay romance storyline was not apparent from the film 's promotional material initially caused controversy , but the film was received with critical acclaim and proved financially successful . It dominated Thailand 's 2007 film awards season , winning the Best Picture category in all major events ."}]}, {'value': 'รักแห่งสยาม', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chookiat Sakveerakul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chookiat_Sakveerakul', 'summary': "Chookiat Sakveerakul ( Thai : ชูเกียรติ ศักดิ์วีระกุล , RTGS : Chukiat Sakwirakun ) , born 1981 in Chiang Mai , Thailand ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . He is also credited as Ma-Deaw Chukiatsakwirakul or Matthew Chukiat Sakwirakul . Chookiat 's first feature-length film was an ensemble drama , The Passenger of Li , which was an independent production . His next film was Pisaj , a 2004 horror film produced by Sahamongkol Film International . Chookiat garnered critical acclaim for this next film , 13 Beloved , a gritty drama about a deadly underground reality television game , which won several awards in Thailand and from film festivals . He graduated from Montfort College in Chiang Mai ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 ( 82nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2009 saw the release of many films . Seven made the top 50 list of highest-grossing films . Also in 2009 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that as of that year , their Best Picture category would consist of ten nominees , rather than five ( the first time since the 1943 awards ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/82nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 82nd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2009 and took place on March 7 , 2010 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2010 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Mechanic and Adam Shankman and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actors Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin hosted the show . Martin hosted for the third time ; he first presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 and last hosted the 75th ceremony held in 2003 . Meanwhile , this was Baldwin 's first Oscars hosting stint . This was also the first telecast to have multiple hosts since the 59th ceremony held in 1987 . On June 24 , 2009 , Academy president Sid Ganis announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2010 ceremony would feature ten Best Picture nominees instead of five , a practice that was discontinued after the 16th ceremony in 1944 . On February 20 , 2010 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Elizabeth Banks . The Hurt Locker won six awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Kathryn Bigelow , the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director . Other winners were Avatar with three awards , Crazy Heart , Precious : Based on the Novel 'Push ' by Sapphire , and Up , with two awards , and The Cove , Inglourious Basterds , The Blind Side , Logorama , Music by Prudence , The New Tenants , The Secret in Their Eyes , Star Trek , and The Young Victoria with one ."}]}, {'value': 'Best of Times', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Best_of_Times_(2009_film)', 'summary': "Best of Times ( Thai : ความจำสั้น แต่รักฉันยาว , RTGS : Khwam Cham San Tae Rak Chan Yao ) is a Thai romantic drama film directed by Yongyoot Thongkongtoon and released by GTH in 2009 . Starring Arak Amornsupasiri , Yarinda Bunnag , Krissana Sreadthatamrong and Sansanee Wattananukul , it features the story of Keng , a young veterinarian who , during giving computer classes to a group of seniors as part of a community service sentence , comes to know an elderly couple , Jamras and Sompit , who are rediscovering romance late in life . As Keng helps Jamras and Somphit with their problems , he learns from them and forms a relationship with his former school crush and friend 's ex-wife , Fai . The film received multiple national awards and was Thailand 's submission to the 82nd Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ."}]}, {'value': 'ความจำสั้น แต่รักฉันยาว', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Youngyooth Thongkonthun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Youngyooth_Thongkonthun', 'summary': 'Yongyoot Thongkongtoon ( Thai : ยงยุทธ ทองกองทุน ; born February 18 , 1967 ) is a Thai film director , producer and screenwriter . He made his debut in 2000 with the sports comedy The Iron Ladies .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 ( 83rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_in_film', 'summary': 'In the year 2010 , there was a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking after the success of Avatar in the format , with releases such as Alice in Wonderland , Clash of the Titans , Jackass 3D , all animated films , with numerous other titles being released in 3D formats . 20th Century Fox celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/83rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 83rd Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2010 in the United States and took place on February 27 , 2011 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST ( 8:30 p.m. EST ) . During the ceremony , Academy Awards ( commonly called the Oscars ) were presented in 24 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Bruce Cohen and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actors James Franco and Anne Hathaway co-hosted the ceremony , marking the first time for each . In related events , the Academy held its second annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 13 , 2010 . On February 12 , 2011 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Marisa Tomei . Inception and The King 's Speech won four awards each with the latter film winning Best Picture . Other winners included The Social Network with three awards , Alice in Wonderland , The Fighter , and Toy Story 3 , with two awards , and Black Swan , God of Love , In a Better World , Inside Job , The Lost Thing , Strangers No More , and The Wolfman with one . The telecast garnered almost 38 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uncle_Boonmee_Who_Can_Recall_His_Past_Lives', 'summary': "Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives ( Thai : ลุงบุญมีระลึกชาติ ; RTGS : Lung Bunmi Raluek Chat ) is a 2010 Thai art drama film written , produced , and directed by Apichatpong Weerasethakul . The film , which explores the theme of reincarnation , won the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival , becoming the first Thai film to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'ลุงบุญมีระลึกชาติ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apichatpong Weerasethakul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apichatpong_Weerasethakul', 'summary': "Apichatpong Joe Weerasethakul [ a ] ( Thai : อภิชาติพงศ์ วีระเศรษฐกุล ; RTGS : Aphichatphong Wirasetthakun ; IPA : [ ʔà.pʰí.tɕʰâːt.pʰōŋ wīː.rá.sèːt.tʰà.kūn ] ; born 16 July 1970 ) is a Thai independent film director , screenwriter , and film producer . Working outside the strict confines of the Thai film studio system , Weerasethakul has directed several features and dozens of short films . His feature films include Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives , winner of the 2010 Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or prize ; Tropical Malady , which won a jury prize at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival ; Blissfully Yours , which won the top prize in the Un Certain Regard program at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival ; Syndromes and a Century , which premiered at the 63rd Venice Film Festival and was the first Thai film to be entered in competition there ; and Cemetery of Splendour , which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival to critical acclaim . Weerasethakul has received numerous additional accolades , including the 2016 Principal Prince Claus Award and the eighth edition of the Artes Mundi Prize . Themes reflected in his films ( frequently discussed in interviews ) include dreams , nature , sexuality ( including his own homosexuality ) , and Western perceptions of Thailand and Asia , and his films display a preference for unconventional narrative structures ( like placing titles/credits at the middle of a film ) and for working with non-actors . Cinephiles affectionately refer to him as Joe ( a nickname that he , like many with similarly long Thai names , has adopted out of convenience ) . Apichatpong has also widely exhibited in galleries , including at FACT , Liverpool and , in 2010 at the British Film Institute , in the BFI Gallery , London , the contemporary Art space sited within BFI Southbank ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 ( 84th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of the events of 2011 in film , including the highest-grossing films , film festivals , award ceremonies and a list of films released and notable deaths . More film sequels were released in 2011 than any other year before it , with 28 sequels released . Film critic Scout Tafoya considers 2011 as the best year for cinema , countering the notion of 1939 being film 's best year overall and citing important developments in cinematic expression during 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre [ a ] in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Kon Khon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kon_Khon', 'summary': 'Kon Khon ( Thai : คนโขน ) is a 2011 Thai film by Sarunyoo Wongkrachang . It concerns a love triangle involving three rival Khon dancers The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .'}]}, {'value': 'คนโขน', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarunyu Wongkrachang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarunyu_Wongkrachang', 'summary': "Sarunyoo Wongkrachang or spelt Sarunyu Wongkrachang ( Thai : ศรัณยู วงษ์กระจ่าง ; nickname : Tua-ตั้ว ; born October 17 , 1960 in Bang Khonthi District , Samut Songkhram Province , Thailand ) , is a Thai actor , singer , host , screenwriter , director and producer . Now working as a veteran actor , director , screenwriter , and producer of Thai TV dramas , Sarunyoo reached his peak as Thailand 's top actor during 80s-90s , best known for his various hughly successful TV drama roles , including Gao Ee Kao Nai Hong Dang ( 1984 ) , Massaya ( 1985 ) , Baan Sai Thong ( 1987 ) , Jaosao Kong Arnon ( 1988 ) , Rattikarn Yod Rak ( 1989 ) , Wanalee ( 1990 ) , Roymarn ( 1990 ) , Wanida ( 1991 ) , Tawipop ( 1992 ) , Mon Rak Look Thoong ( 1995 ) , Duay Rang Atittarn ( 1996 ) and Nai Hoy Tamil ( 2001 ) . Sarunyoo has acted in more than 50 TV dramas , 20 films , and 20 stage plays , including legendary Mon Rak Look Thoong which became the 3rd most-watched TV drama of all time in Thailand with viewership rating of 36% . He won a Mekhala Award for Best Actor for his role in Tawipop . Under Saman Karn Lakorn company , Sarunyoo directed , screen-wrote and produced a stage play named Langkha Daeng and TV dramas for Channel 7 including Suparb Buroot Look Puchai ( 2003 & 2013 ) , Hua Jai Tuan ( 2014 ) , Roy Rak Rang Kaen ( 2015 ) , and Ballang Hong ( 2016 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 ( 85th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_in_film', 'summary': 'The following tables list films released in 2012 . Most notably , the two oldest surviving American film studios , Universal and Paramount both celebrated their centennial anniversaries , marking the first time that two major film studios celebrate 100 years , and the Dolby Atmos sound format was launched for the premiere of Brave . The James Bond film series celebrated its 50th anniversary and released its 23rd film , Skyfall . Six box-office blockbusters from previous years ( Beauty and the Beast , Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace , Titanic , Raiders of the Lost Ark , Finding Nemo , and Monsters , Inc. ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX . Also 2012 in film marked the debut for high frame rate technology . The first film using 48 fps , a higher frame rate than the film industry standard 24 fps , was The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 85th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2012 and took place on February 24 , 2013 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was the first in the Academy 's 85-year history to adopt the phrase The Oscars as the ceremony 's official name during the broadcast and marketing . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron and directed by Don Mischer . Actor Seth MacFarlane hosted the show for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 4th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on December 1 , 2012 . On February 9 , 2013 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Chris Pine and Zoe Saldana . Life of Pi won four awards including Best Director for Ang Lee . Argo won three awards , including Best Picture , the fourth film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture without its director nominated . Other winners included Les Misérables also with three awards , Django Unchained , Lincoln , and Skyfall with two , and Amour , Anna Karenina , Brave , Curfew , Inocente , Paperman , Searching for Sugar Man , Silver Linings Playbook and Zero Dark Thirty with one . The telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Headshot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Headshot_(2011_film)', 'summary': 'Headshot ( Thai : ฝนตกขึ้นฟ้า ) , is a 2011 Thai thriller film directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang . It screened at the 2012 San Diego Asian Film Festival Spring Showcase as well as the 2012 Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .'}]}, {'value': 'ฝนตกขึ้นฟ้า', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pen-Ek Ratanaruang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pen-Ek_Ratanaruang', 'summary': "Pen-Ek Ratanaruang ( Thai : เป็นเอก รัตนเรือง ; RTGS : Pen-ek Rattanarueang ; born 8 March 1962 , Bangkok , Thailand ) is a Thai film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his arthouse work , Last Life in the Universe , and is considered to be one of Thai cinema 's leading new wave auteurs , alongside Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul . He goes by the nickname Tom and is sometimes credited as Tom Pannet ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 ( 86th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_in_film', 'summary': 'The following tables list films released in 2013 . Three popular films ( Top Gun , Jurassic Park , and The Wizard of Oz ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX .'}, {'url': '/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 86th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2013 and took place on March 2 , 2014 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2014 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted the show for the second time , having previously hosted the 79th ceremony held in 2007 . In related events , the Academy held its 5th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 16 , 2013 . On February 15 , 2014 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Kristen Bell and Michael B. Jordan . 12 Years a Slave won three awards including Best Picture . Gravity won the most awards with seven including Best Director for Alfonso Cuarón . Other winners included Dallas Buyers Club also with three awards , Frozen , and The Great Gatsby with two , and Blue Jasmine , The Great Beauty , Helium , Her , The Lady in Number 6 , Mr Hublot , and 20 Feet from Stardom with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscar ceremony since the 72nd Academy Awards in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Countdown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Countdown_(2012_film)', 'summary': 'Countdown ( Thai : เคาท์ดาวน์ ) is a 2012 Thai thriller film written and directed by Nattawut Poonpiriya . The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . The film was remade in 2015 in Kannada as Ringmaster .'}]}, {'value': 'เคาท์ดาวน์', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nattawut Poonpiriya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nattawut_Poonpiriya', 'summary': 'Nattawut Baz Poonpiriya ( Thai : นัฐวุฒิ พูนพิริยะ , born 1981 ) is a Thai director , working extensively on television commercials and music videos , but best known for the thriller films Countdown and Bad Genius .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Submissions', 'section_text': 'The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956 . [ 4 ] The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Following this , they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award . [ 5 ] Thai Oscar submissions are selected annually by the Federation of National Film Associations of Thailand . All submissions were made in Thai .', 'uid': 'List_of_Thai_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film_0', 'intro': 'The Kingdom of Thailand has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film[nb 1] since 1984, when it became the second independent nation in Southeast Asia to join the competition, after the Philippines. The award is given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. To date Thailand has submitted twenty-two films to AMPAS for Oscar consideration but thus far no Thai candidate has received an Oscar nomination. Four submissions were directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol, a member of the Thai nobility, and four were directed by Pen-Ek Ratanaruang.'}
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During the year Universal Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary , what is the RTGS of the Thai movie submitted for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film ?
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Nawng mia
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02f3ff69edf7a7e0
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities', 'title': 'Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities', 'header': ['2010', '2009', '2008', 'University', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvard University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvard_University', 'summary': "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Michigan- Ann Arbor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Michigan', 'summary': "The University of Michigan ( UM , U-M , U of M , or UMich ) , often simply referred to as Michigan , is a public research university in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The university is Michigan 's oldest ; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit , as the Catholepistemiad , or University of Michigania , 20 years before the territory became a state . The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres ( 16 ha ) of what is now known as Central Campus . Since its establishment in Ann Arbor , the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet ( 780 acres ; 3.2 km2 ) spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus , two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn , and a Center in Detroit . The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities . Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States with annual research expenditures approaching $ 1.5 billion , Michigan is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 25 Nobel Prize winners , 6 Turing Award winners and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the University of Michigan . Its comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities , social sciences , and STEM fields ( science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) as well as professional degrees in architecture , business , medicine , law , pharmacy , nursing , social work , public health , and dentistry . Michigan 's body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people , one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world . Michigan 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Wolverines . They are members of the Big Ten Conference . More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in Olympic events , winning more than 150 medals ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbia University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_University', 'summary': "Columbia University ( also known as Columbia , and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York ) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City . Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan , Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States . It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence , seven of which belong to the Ivy League . It has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Columbia was established as King 's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain in reaction to the founding of Princeton University in New Jersey . It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution , and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay . In 1896 , the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University . Columbia scientists and scholars have played an important role in the development of notable scientific fields and breakthroughs including : brain-computer interface ; the laser and maser ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; the first nuclear pile ; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas ; Thomas Hunt Morgan 's drosophila experiment - considered the origin of modern genetics ; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift ; and much of the initial research and planning of the Manhattan Project during World War II . The Columbia University Physics Department has been affiliated with 33 Nobel Prize winners as alumni , faculty or research staff , the third most of any American institution behind MIT and Harvard . In addition , 22 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine have been affiliated with Columbia , the third most of any American institution . The university 's research efforts include the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Goddard Institute for Space Studies and accelerator laboratories with major technology firms such as IBM . Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "The University of Pennsylvania ( Penn or UPenn ) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The University claims a founding date of 1740 [ note 2 ] and is one of the nine colonial colleges founded prior to the U.S . Declaration of Independence . Benjamin Franklin , Penn 's founder and first president , advocated an educational program that trained leaders in commerce , government , and public service , similar to a modern liberal arts curriculum . Penn has four undergraduate schools as well as twelve graduate and professional schools . Among its graduate and professional schools are the first school of medicine in North America ( Perelman School of Medicine , 1765 ) , the first collegiate business school ( Wharton School , 1881 ) , and the first student union building and organization ( Houston Hall , 1896 ) . In 2019 , the university had an endowment of $ 14.65 billion , the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States , as well as a research budget of $ 1.02 billion . The university 's athletics program , the Quakers , fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference . As of 2018 , distinguished alumni include 14 heads of state , 64 billionaires , 3 U.S. Supreme Court justices , 33 U.S . Senators , 44 U.S. Governors , 159 members of the U.S. House of Representatives , 8 signers of the U.S . Declaration of Independence , 12 signers of the U.S. Constitution , 24 members of the Continental Congress , and the current U.S. President , Donald Trump . Other notable alumni include 29 Rhodes Scholars , 15 Marshall Scholars , 16 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 48 Fulbright Scholars ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California- Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Washington- Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Washington', 'summary': "The University of Washington ( UW , simply Washington , or informally U-Dub ) is a public research university in Seattle , Washington . Founded in 1861 , Washington was first established in downtown Seattle approximately a decade after the city 's founding to aid its economic development . Today , the university 's 703-acre main Seattle campus is in the University District above the Montlake Cut , within the urban Puget Sound region of the Pacific Northwest . The university has additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell . Overall , UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space , including one of the largest library systems in the world with over 26 university libraries , as well as the UW Tower , lecture halls , art centers , museums , laboratories , stadiums , and conference centers . The university offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through 140 departments in various colleges and schools , sees about 46,000 in total student enrollment every year , and functions on a quarter system . Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . It is cited as a leading university in the world for scientific performance and research output by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the CWTS Leiden Ranking . In the 2015 fiscal year , the UW received nearly $ 1.2 billion in research funding , the 3rd largest among all universities in the United States . As the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington State , it is known for its research in medicine , science , as well as its highly-competitive computer science and engineering programs . Additionally , Washington continues to benefit from its deep historical ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region , such as Amazon , Boeing , Nintendo , and particularly Microsoft . Paul G. Allen , Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill', 'summary': "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC , UNC-Chapel Hill , North Carolina , Chapel Hill , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . The flagship of the University of North Carolina system , it is considered a Public Ivy , or a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university . After being chartered in 1789 , the university first began enrolling students in 1795 , which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States . Among the claimants , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the only one to have held classes and graduated students as a public university in the eighteenth century . The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina , the school opened its doors to students on February 12 , 1795 . Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle , in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House . In 1952 , North Carolina opened its own hospital , UNC Health Care , for research and treatment , and has since specialized in cancer care . The school 's students , alumni , and sports teams are known as Tar Heels . The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study and is administratively divided into 13 separate professional schools and a primary unit , the College of Arts & Sciences . Five of the schools have been named : the UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School , the UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media , the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , and the UNC Adams School of Dentistry . All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status . UNC 's faculty and alumni include 9 Nobel Prize laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 49 Rhodes Scholars ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California - Berkeley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California_-_Berkeley', 'summary': 'The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Minnesota- Twin Cities', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Minnesota', 'summary': "The University of Minnesota , Twin Cities , ( the U of M , UMN , Minnesota , or simply the U ) is a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul , Minnesota . The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and St. Paul approximately 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) apart , and the St. Paul location is in neighboring Falcon Heights . The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States , with 51,327 students in 2019-20 . It is the flagship institution of the University of Minnesota System , and is organized into 19 colleges , schools , and other major academic units . The University of Minnesota is included in a 1985 book describing America 's Public Ivy universities . The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for a territorial university in 1851 , the university took significant time to fully organize and the first college classes were n't held until 1867 . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Minnesota is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked 14th in research activity , with $ 881 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . University of Minnesota faculty , alumni , and researchers have won 26 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes . Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two vice presidents of the United States , Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale , and Bob Dylan , who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johns Hopkins University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University', 'summary': "Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore , Maryland . Founded in 1876 , the university was named for its first benefactor , the American entrepreneur , abolitionist , and philanthropist Johns Hopkins . His $ 7 million bequest ( approximately $ 147.5 million in today 's dollars ) - of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital - was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time . Daniel Coit Gilman , who was inaugurated as the institution 's first president on February 22 , 1876 , led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research . Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany 's ancient Heidelberg University , Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States . Over the course of several decades , the university has led all U.S. universities in annual research and development expenditures . In fiscal year 2016 , Johns Hopkins spent nearly $ 2.5 billion on research . The university has additional graduate campuses in Italy , China , and Washington , D.C. , in addition to its main campus in Baltimore , Maryland . The university has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top universities in the world . Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington , D.C. , with international centers in Italy and China . The two undergraduate divisions , the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering , are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore 's Charles Village neighborhood . The medical school , the nursing school , and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The University of Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago', 'summary': "The University of Chicago ( UChicago , U of C , or Chicago ) is a private research university in Chicago , Illinois . Founded in 1890 , the school is located on a 217-acre ( 88-hectare ) campus in Chicago 's Hyde Park neighborhood , near Lake Michigan . The University of Chicago holds top positions in various national and international rankings . The university is composed of the undergraduate college as well as various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions . Beyond the arts and sciences , Chicago is also well known for its professional schools , which include the Pritzker School of Medicine , the Booth School of Business , the Law School , the School of Social Service Administration , the Harris School of Public Policy Studies , the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies , as well as the recently launched Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering . The university has additional campuses and centers in London , Paris , Beijing , Delhi , and Hong Kong , as well as in downtown Chicago . University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines , including economics , law , literary criticism , mathematics , religion , sociology , and the behavioralism school of political science , establishing the Chicago schools in various fields . Chicago 's Metallurgical Laboratory produced the world 's first man-made , self-sustaining nuclear reaction in Chicago Pile-1 beneath the viewing stands of the university 's Stagg Field . The university research efforts include administration of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory , as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory . The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press , the largest university press in the United States . The Barack Obama Presidential Center is expected to be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation . The university is also home to Frank Lloyd Wright 's Robie House , a World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yale University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yale_University', 'summary': "Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven , Connecticut . Founded in 1701 , it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution . Chartered by Connecticut Colony , the Collegiate School was established in 1701 by clergy to educate Congregational ministers . It moved to New Haven in 1716 and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale . Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages , the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution . In the 19th century , the college expanded into graduate and professional instruction , awarding the first Ph.D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887 . Its faculty and student populations grew after 1890 with rapid expansion of the physical campus and scientific research . Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools : the original undergraduate college , the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and twelve professional schools . While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation , each school 's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs . In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven , the university owns athletic facilities in western New Haven , a campus in West Haven , Connecticut and forest and nature preserves throughout New England . The university 's assets include an endowment valued at $ 30.3 billion as of September 2019 , the second largest endowment of any educational institution in North America . The Yale University Library , serving all constituent schools , holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_University', 'summary': "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Oxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Oxford', 'summary': "The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford , England . There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096 , making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's second-oldest university in continuous operation . It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris . After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209 , some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge . The two ancient universities are frequently jointly called Oxbridge . The history and influence of the University of Oxford has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The university is made up of 39 constituent colleges , and a range of academic departments , which are organised into four divisions . All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university , each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities . It does not have a main campus , and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre . Undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls , supported by classes , lectures , seminars , and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments ; some postgraduate teaching includes tutorials organised by faculties and departments . It operates the world 's oldest university museum , as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide . In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2018 , the university had a total income of £2.2 billion , of which £579 million was from research grants and contracts ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Toronto', 'summary': "The University of Toronto ( U of T or UToronto ) is a public research university in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , located on the grounds that surround Queen 's Park . It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King 's College , the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada . Originally controlled by the Church of England , the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution . As a collegiate university , it comprises eleven colleges each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history . The university also operates two satellite campuses located in Scarborough and Mississauga . Academically , the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory , known collectively as the Toronto School . The university was the birthplace of insulin and stem cell research , and was the site of the first practical electron microscope , the development of deep learning , multi-touch technology , the identification of the first black hole Cygnus X-1 , and the development of the theory of NP-completeness . It receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university and is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States , the other being McGill University . The Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches , with long and storied ties to gridiron football , rowing and ice hockey . The earliest recorded college football game was played in the University of Toronto 's University College in the early 1860s . The university 's Hart House is an early example of the North American student centre , simultaneously serving cultural , intellectual , and recreational interests within its large Gothic-revival complex . The University of Toronto has educated three Governors General of Canada , four Prime Ministers of Canada , three foreign leaders , and fourteen Justices of the Supreme Court ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Wisconsin- Madison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin-_Madison', 'summary': "The University of Wisconsin-Madison ( also known as University of Wisconsin , Wisconsin , UW , regionally as UW-Madison , or simply Madison ) is a public research university in Madison , Wisconsin . Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848 , UW-Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin , and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System . It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state . It became a land-grant institution in 1866 . The 933-acre ( 378 ha ) main campus , located on the shores of Lake Mendota , includes four National Historic Landmarks . The University also owns and operates a historic 1,200-acre ( 486 ha ) arboretum established in 1932 , located 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) south of the main campus . UW-Madison is organized into 20 schools and colleges , which enrolled 30,361 undergraduate and 14,052 graduate students in 2018 . Its comprehensive academic program offers 136 undergraduate majors , along with 148 master 's degree programs and 120 doctoral programs . A major contributor to Wisconsin 's economy , the university is the largest employer in the state , with over 21,600 faculty and staff . The UW is one of America 's Public Ivy universities , which refers to top public universities in the United States capable of providing a collegiate experience comparable with the Ivy League . UW-Madison is also categorized as a Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . In 2012 , it had research expenditures of more than $ 1.1 billion , the third highest among universities in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwestern University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Pittsburgh- Pittsburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh', 'summary': "The University of Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier . It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819 . After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area , the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city ; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 . Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education . The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus , home to the university 's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate , graduate , and professional students . The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania : Bradford , Greensburg , Johnstown , and Titusville . The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District , most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece , the Cathedral of Learning . The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) , as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , Schenley Park , and Carnegie Mellon University . The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $ 2 billion . This includes nearly $ 940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017 , the 16th-highest in the nation . A member of the Association of American Universities , Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California- San Francisco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco', 'summary': 'The University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) is a public research university in San Francisco , California . It is part of the University of California system and it is dedicated entirely to health science . It is a major center of medical and biological research and teaching . UCSF was founded as Toland Medical College in 1864 , and in 1873 it affiliated itself with the University of California , becoming its Medical Department . In the same year , it incorporated the California College of Pharmacy and in 1881 it established a dentistry school . Its facilities were located in both Berkeley and San Francisco . In 1964 , the school gained full administrative independence as a campus of the UC system headed by a chancellor , and in 1970 it gained its current name . Historically based at Parnassus Heights and several other locations throughout the city , in the early 2000s it developed a second major campus in the newly redeveloped Mission Bay . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates have been affiliated with UCSF as faculty members or researchers , and the University has been the site of many scientific breakthroughs . The UCSF School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the Western United States and is highly ranked by international and national rankings of prestige and funding . The UCSF Graduate Division offers 19 PhD programs , 11 MS programs , two certificates and a physical therapy program . UCSF is ranked 5th among research-oriented medical schools in the United States and ranked 3rd for primary care by U.S. News and World Report and is ranked 1st among medical schools in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities ( Clinical Medicine , 2019 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}], 'section_title': 'HEEACT World University Rankings ( Top 20 by field ) -- Social Sciences', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities_6', 'intro': 'The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities or NTU Ranking is a ranking system of world universities by scientific paper volume, impact, and performance output. The ranking was originally published from 2007-2011 by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT) and has been published since 2012 by the National Taiwan University. It uses bibliometric methods to analyze and rank the scientific paper performance. In addition to the overall ranking, it includes a list of the top universities in six fields and fourteen subjects. The rankings were introduced in 2007. The original ranking methodology favored toward universities with medical schools. In 2008, HEEACT began publishing a Field Based Ranking including six fields: agriculture and environmental sciences (AGE), clinical medicine (MED), engineering, computing, and technology (ENG), life sciences (LIFE), natural sciences (SCI), and social sciences (SOC). In 2010, HEEACT began publishing subject rankings in fields of various field of science and technology. Science fields are divided into physics, chemistry, mathematics, and geosciences. Technology fields are split up into electrical engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering (including energy and fuels), materials science, and civil engineering (including environmental engineering). HEEACT ended the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities Project in 2012. Due to disagreement about ranking results, the Taiwanese education authorities announced that the government would no longer support the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan to do this ranking.'}
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From what country is the university that was ranked 3 in 2008 ?
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US
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02f434a6c4e0a88d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebertfest', 'title': 'Ebertfest', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Year', 'Starring', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Hamlet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamlet_(1996_film)', 'summary': "Hamlet is a 1996 film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play Hamlet , adapted and directed by Kenneth Branagh , who also stars as Prince Hamlet . The film also features Derek Jacobi as King Claudius , Julie Christie as Queen Gertrude , Kate Winslet as Ophelia , Michael Maloney as Laertes , Richard Briers as Polonius , and Nicholas Farrell as Horatio . Other cast members include Robin Williams , Gérard Depardieu , Jack Lemmon , Billy Crystal , Rufus Sewell , Charlton Heston , Richard Attenborough , Judi Dench , John Gielgud and Ken Dodd . The film is the first unabridged theatrical film version of Hamlet , running just over four hours . The setting is updated to the 19th century , but its Elizabethan English prose remains the same . Blenheim Palace is the setting used for the exterior grounds of Elsinore Castle and interiors were all photographed at Shepperton Studios , blended with the footage shot at Blenheim . Hamlet was also the last major dramatic motion picture to be filmed entirely on 70 mm film until 2012 , with the release of Paul Thomas Anderson 's The Master . Hamlet has been regarded as one of the best Shakespeare film adaptations . However , it was not a box office success , grossing just under $ 5 million on a budget of $ 18 million . The film received four Oscar nominations for the 69th Academy Awards for Best Art Direction ( Tim Harvey ) , Best Costume Design ( Alexandra Byrne ) , Best Original Score ( Patrick Doyle ) , and Best Writing ( Adapted Screenplay ) ( Kenneth Branagh ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth Branagh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh', 'summary': "Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh ( /ˈbrænə/ ; born 10 December 1960 ) is a Northern Irish actor , director , film producer and screenwriter . Branagh trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London ; in 2015 he succeeded Richard Attenborough as its president . He has both directed and starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeare 's plays , including Henry V ( 1989 ) ( for which he was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Actor and Best Director ) , Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) , Othello ( 1995 ) , Hamlet ( 1996 ) ( for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay ) , Love 's Labour 's Lost ( 2000 ) and As You Like It ( 2006 ) . Branagh has starred in numerous other films and television series including Fortunes of War ( 1987 ) , Woody Allen 's Celebrity ( 1998 ) , Wild Wild West ( 1999 ) , as the voice of Miguel in The Road to El Dorado ( 2000 ) , as SS leader Reinhard Heydrich in Conspiracy ( 2001 ) , Shackleton ( 2002 ) , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , Warm Springs ( 2005 ) , as Major General Henning von Tresckow in Valkyrie ( 2008 ) , The Boat That Rocked ( 2009 ) , Wallander ( 2008-2016 ) , My Week with Marilyn ( 2011 ) as Sir Laurence Olivier ( Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ) , and as Royal Navy Commander Bolton in the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) . He has directed such films as Dead Again ( 1991 ) , in which he also starred , Swan Song ( 1992 ) ( Academy Award nominated for Best Live Action Short Film ) , Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ( 1994 ) in which he also starred , The Magic Flute ( 2006 ) , Sleuth ( 2007 ) , the Marvel superhero film Thor ( 2011 ) , the action thriller Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) in which he also co-stars , the live-action adaptation of Disney 's Cinderella ( 2015 ) , and the mystery drama adaptation of Agatha Christie 's Murder on the Orient Express ( 2017 ) , in which he also starred as Hercule Poirot . He narrated the series Cold War ( 1998 ) , the BBC documentary miniseries Walking with Dinosaurs ( 1999 ) ( as well as The Ballad of Big Al ) , Walking with Beasts ( 2001 ) and Walking with Monsters ( 2005 ) . Branagh has been nominated for five Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards ; he has won three BAFTAs and two Emmy Awards . He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2012 Birthday Honours and knighted on 9 November 2012 . He was made a Freeman of his native city of Belfast in January 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenneth Branagh , Julie Christie , Derek Jacobi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh', 'summary': "Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh ( /ˈbrænə/ ; born 10 December 1960 ) is a Northern Irish actor , director , film producer and screenwriter . Branagh trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London ; in 2015 he succeeded Richard Attenborough as its president . He has both directed and starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeare 's plays , including Henry V ( 1989 ) ( for which he was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Actor and Best Director ) , Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) , Othello ( 1995 ) , Hamlet ( 1996 ) ( for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay ) , Love 's Labour 's Lost ( 2000 ) and As You Like It ( 2006 ) . Branagh has starred in numerous other films and television series including Fortunes of War ( 1987 ) , Woody Allen 's Celebrity ( 1998 ) , Wild Wild West ( 1999 ) , as the voice of Miguel in The Road to El Dorado ( 2000 ) , as SS leader Reinhard Heydrich in Conspiracy ( 2001 ) , Shackleton ( 2002 ) , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , Warm Springs ( 2005 ) , as Major General Henning von Tresckow in Valkyrie ( 2008 ) , The Boat That Rocked ( 2009 ) , Wallander ( 2008-2016 ) , My Week with Marilyn ( 2011 ) as Sir Laurence Olivier ( Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ) , and as Royal Navy Commander Bolton in the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) . He has directed such films as Dead Again ( 1991 ) , in which he also starred , Swan Song ( 1992 ) ( Academy Award nominated for Best Live Action Short Film ) , Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ( 1994 ) in which he also starred , The Magic Flute ( 2006 ) , Sleuth ( 2007 ) , the Marvel superhero film Thor ( 2011 ) , the action thriller Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) in which he also co-stars , the live-action adaptation of Disney 's Cinderella ( 2015 ) , and the mystery drama adaptation of Agatha Christie 's Murder on the Orient Express ( 2017 ) , in which he also starred as Hercule Poirot . He narrated the series Cold War ( 1998 ) , the BBC documentary miniseries Walking with Dinosaurs ( 1999 ) ( as well as The Ballad of Big Al ) , Walking with Beasts ( 2001 ) and Walking with Monsters ( 2005 ) . Branagh has been nominated for five Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards ; he has won three BAFTAs and two Emmy Awards . He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2012 Birthday Honours and knighted on 9 November 2012 . He was made a Freeman of his native city of Belfast in January 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Julie_Christie', 'summary': "Julie Frances Christie ( born 14 April 1940 ) is a British actress . An icon of the swinging London era of the 1960s , she has received such accolades as an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a BAFTA Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . She has appeared in six films that were ranked in the British Film Institute 's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century , and in 1997 , she received the BAFTA Fellowship . Christie 's breakthrough film role was in Billy Liar ( 1963 ) . She came to international attention for her performances in Darling ( 1965 ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress , and Doctor Zhivago ( also 1965 ) , the eighth highest-grossing film of all time after adjustment for inflation . In the following years , she starred in Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , Far from the Madding Crowd ( 1967 ) , Petulia ( 1968 ) , The Go-Between ( 1971 ) , McCabe & Mrs. Miller ( 1971 ) , for which she received her second Oscar nomination , Do n't Look Now ( 1973 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , and Heaven Can Wait ( 1978 ) . From the early 1980s , her appearances in mainstream films decreased , though she held roles as Thetis in Wolfgang Petersen 's historical epic Troy and as Madam Rosmerta in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( both 2004 ) . She has continued to receive significant critical recognition for her work , including Oscar nominations for the independent films Afterglow ( 1997 ) and Away from Her ( 2007 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Derek_Jacobi', 'summary': "Sir Derek George Jacobi CBE ( /ˈdʒækəbi/ ; born 22 October 1938 ) is an English actor and stage director . A forceful , commanding stage presence , Jacobi has enjoyed a successful stage career , appearing in such stage productions as Hamlet , Uncle Vanya , and Oedipus the King . He has twice been awarded a Laurence Olivier Award , first for his performance of the eponymous hero in Cyrano de Bergerac in 1983 and the second for his Malvolio in Twelfth Night in 2009 . He also received a Tony Award for his performance in Much Ado About Nothing in 1984 and a Primetime Emmy Award in 1988 for The Tenth Man . His stage work includes playing Octavius Caesar , Edward II , Richard III and Thomas Becket . In addition to being a founder member of the Royal National Theatre and winning several prestigious theatre awards , Jacobi has also enjoyed a successful television career , starring in the critically praised adaptation of Robert Graves 's I , Claudius ( 1976 ) , for which he won a BAFTA ; in the titular role in the medieval drama series Cadfael ( 1994-1998 ) , as Stanley Baldwin in The Gathering Storm ( 2002 ) , as Stuart Bixby in the ITV comedy Vicious ( 2013-2016 ) and as Alan Buttershaw in Last Tango in Halifax ( 2012-2016 ) . Jacobi also portrayed a version of the Master in the long running science fiction series Doctor Who . Though principally a stage actor , Jacobi has appeared in a number of films , including The Day of the Jackal ( 1973 ) , Henry V ( 1989 ) , Dead Again ( 1991 ) , Gladiator ( 2000 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , The Riddle ( 2007 ) , The King 's Speech ( 2010 ) , My Week with Marilyn ( 2011 ) , Cinderella ( 2015 ) , and Murder on the Orient Express ( 2017 ) . He was knighted in 1994 and has also been made a member of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog ."}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included actors Timothy Spall and Rufus Sewell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_Spall', 'summary': "Timothy Leonard Spall OBE ( born 27 February 1957 ) is an English character actor and occasional presenter . He became a household name in the UK after appearing as Barry Spencer Taylor in the 1983 ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen , Pet . Spall received critical acclaim for his performance in Secrets & Lies ( 1996 ) , for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Subsequently , he starred in many films , including Hamlet ( 1996 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Enchanted ( 2007 ) , The Damned United ( 2009 ) , The Kings Speech ( 2010 ) , Ginger and Rosa ( 2012 ) , Denial ( 2016 ) , and The Party ( 2017 ) . He also gained international acclaim for his role as Peter Pettigrew in the Harry Potter films . He has famously collaborated with director Mike Leigh , making six films together , including Home Sweet Home ( 1982 ) , Life is Sweet ( 1990 ) , Secrets & Lies ( 1996 ) , Topsy-Turvy ( 1999 ) , All or Nothing ( 2002 ) , and Mr. Turner ( 2014 ) . In 2019 he appeared as Lord Arthur Wallington in the acclaimed 6-part BBC Cold War drama Summer of Rockets . He starred in the television documentary Timothy Spall : .at Sea ( 2010-2012 ) and in 2014 won the Best Actor award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for portraying J. M. W. Turner in Mike Leigh 's biographical film Mr. Turner ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rufus_Sewell', 'summary': "Rufus Frederik Sewell ( /ˈsuːəl/ ; born 29 October 1967 ) is an English actor . He has appeared in films such as Carrington ( 1995 ) , Hamlet ( 1996 ) , Dangerous Beauty ( 1998 ) , Dark City ( 1998 ) , The Legend of Zorro ( 2005 ) , The Illusionist ( 2006 ) , Amazing Grace ( 2006 ) , The Holiday ( 2006 ) , Paris , je t'aime ( 2006 ) , and Judy ( 2019 ) . On television , he has starred in Middlemarch ( 1994 ) , John Adams ( 2008 ) , Eleventh Hour ( 2008-09 ) , Zen ( 2011 ) , The Pillars of the Earth ( 2010 ) , Parade 's End ( 2012 ) , Victoria ( 2016-17 ) , The Man in the High Castle ( 2014-19 ) , and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel ( 2019 ) . On stage , he originated the role of Septimus Hodge in Tom Stoppard 's Arcadia and the role of Jan in Stoppard 's Rock ' n ' Roll , with the latter earning him an Olivier Award win and a Tony Award nomination ."}]}, {'value': 'Delirious', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delirious_(2006_film)', 'summary': "Delirious is a 2006 film directed by Tom DiCillo . It stars Steve Buscemi , Michael Pitt and Alison Lohman . It is the story of twenty-year-old Toby Grace ( Michael Pitt ) who progresses from a homeless scavenger in New York City to the assistant of a neurotic paparazzo , Les Galantine ( Steve Buscemi ) , then falls in love with a famous singer , K'harma ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom DiCillo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_DiCillo', 'summary': 'Thomas A. Tom DiCillo ( born August 14 , 1953 ) is an American film director , screenwriter and cinematographer .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Buscemi , Michael Pitt , Alison Lohman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Buscemi', 'summary': "Steven Vincent Buscemi ( /buːˈsɛmi/ boo-SEM-ee , [ Note 1 ] Italian : [ buʃˈʃɛːmi ] ; born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer . He has starred in a number of successful movies , including Parting Glances ( 1986 ) , New York Stories ( 1989 ) , Mystery Train ( 1989 ) , Reservoir Dogs ( 1992 ) , Desperado ( 1995 ) , Con Air , Armageddon ( 1998 ) , The Grey Zone ( 2001 ) , Ghost World ( 2001 ) , Big Fish ( 2003 ) , and The Death of Stalin ( 2017 ) . Buscemi is also known for his supporting roles in the Coen brothers films such as Miller 's Crossing ( 1990 ) , Barton Fink ( 1991 ) , The Hudsucker Proxy ( 1994 ) , Fargo ( 1996 ) , and The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) . Buscemi has had lead voiceover roles in films including Monster House ( 2006 ) , Charlotte 's Web ( 2006 ) , Igor ( 2008 ) and The Boss Baby ( 2017 ) . He portrayed the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. film franchise Monsters , Inc. , and Wayne the Werewolf in the Hotel Transylvania film franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , Buscemi portrayed Enoch Nucky Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial film debut with Trees Lounge ( 1996 ) , in which he also starred . Other films he has directed include Animal Factory ( 2000 ) , Lonesome Jim ( 2005 ) , and Interview ( 2007 ) . Buscemi played the role of Pete Wittel in the tragicomedy web series Horace and Pete ( 2016 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Pitt', 'summary': "Michael Carmen Pitt ( born April 10 , 1981 ) is an American actor , model , and musician . Pitt is known in film for his roles in Murder by Numbers ( 2002 ) , Bernardo Bertolucci 's The Dreamers ( 2003 ) , Gus Van Sant 's Last Days ( 2005 ) , Michael Haneke 's Funny Games ( 2007 ) and M. Night Shyamalan 's The Village ( 2004 ) , and in television for his roles as Henry Parker in the teen drama Dawson 's Creek , Jimmy Darmody in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Mason Verger in the NBC series Hannibal . He has also appeared in the films Hedwig and the Angry Inch ( 2001 ) , Bully ( 2001 ) , Silk ( 2007 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , I Origins ( 2014 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alison_Lohman', 'summary': 'Alison Marion Lohman ( born September 18 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She starred as Astrid in White Oleander ( 2002 ) , and has appeared in Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , Where the Truth Lies ( 2005 ) , The Big White ( 2005 ) , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 2005 ) , Flicka ( 2006 ) , and Drag Me to Hell ( 2009 ) ; as well as smaller parts in Big Fish ( 2003 ) , Beowulf ( 2007 ) , and Gamer ( 2009 ) . She has also been on television shows such as Tucker and Pasadena .'}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included DiCillo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yes_(film)', 'summary': "Yes is a 2004 film written and directed by Sally Potter and starring Joan Allen , Simon Abkarian , Samantha Bond , Sam Neill , Shirley Henderson , Raymond Waring , Stephanie Leonidas , and Sheila Hancock . The film 's dialogue is almost entirely in iambic pentameter and usually rhymes . This artistic choice polarized film critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Sally Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_Potter', 'summary': 'Charlotte Sally Potter OBE ( born 19 September 1949 ) is an English film director and screenwriter . She is known for directing Orlando ( 1992 ) , which won the audience prize for Best Film at the Venice Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joan Allen , Simon Abkarian , Sam Neill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joan_Allen', 'summary': "Joan Allen ( born August 20 , 1956 ) is an American actress . She began her career with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1977 , won the 1984 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for And a Nightingale Sang , and won the 1988 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Burn This . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee ; receiving Best Supporting Actress nominations for Nixon ( 1995 ) and The Crucible ( 1996 ) , and a Best Actress nomination for The Contender ( 2000 ) . Allen 's other film roles include Manhunter ( 1986 ) , Peggy Sue Got Married ( 1986 ) , Tucker : The Man and His Dream ( 1988 ) , The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) , Face/Off ( 1997 ) , Pleasantville ( 1998 ) , The Bourne Supremacy ( 2004 ) , The Upside of Anger ( 2005 ) , The Bourne Ultimatum ( 2007 ) , Death Race ( 2008 ) , and The Bourne Legacy ( 2012 ) . She won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 2015 film Room . She has also starred in the Broadway plays The Heidi Chronicles ( 1988 ) , Impressionism ( 2009 ) , and The Waverly Gallery ( 2018 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Simon_Abkarian', 'summary': 'Simon Abkarian ( Armenian : Սիմոն Աբգարեան ; born 5 March 1962 ) is an Armenian-French actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sam_Neill', 'summary': 'Nigel John Dermot Neill DCNZM OBE ( born 14 September 1947 ) , known professionally as Sam Neill , is a Northern Irish-born New Zealand actor , writer , producer , and director . By family tradition , he enjoys an avocation as vigneron . Born in Omagh , Northern Ireland , he moved to Christchurch , New Zealand , with his family in 1954 . Neill first achieved recognition with his appearance in the 1977 film Sleeping Dogs , which he followed with leading roles in My Brilliant Career ( 1979 ) , Omen III : The Final Conflict , Possession ( both 1981 ) , A Cry in the Dark ( 1988 ) , Dead Calm ( 1989 ) , and The Piano ( 1993 ) . He came to international prominence as Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) . Outside of film , Neill has appeared in numerous television series , including Reilly , Ace of Spies ( 1983 ) , Merlin ( 1998 ) , The Tudors ( 2007 ) , Crusoe ( 2008-2010 ) , Happy Town ( 2010 ) , Alcatraz ( 2012 ) , Peaky Blinders ( 2013-2014 ) and Rick & Morty ( 2019 ) . He has also presented and narrated several documentaries . Neill is the recipient of the Longford Lyell Award and the New Zealand Film Award and also the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actor . He has three Golden Globe and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations . He lives in Queenstown and has three children and one stepchild .'}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included John Penotti ( executive producer )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Citizen Cohl : The Untold Story ( short )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry Avrich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_Avrich', 'summary': "Barry Michael Avrich ( born May 9 , 1963 ) is a Canadian film director , film producer , author , marketing executive , and arts philanthropist . Avrich 's film career has included critically acclaimed films about the entertainment business including The Last Mogul about film producer Lew Wasserman ( 2005 ) , Glitter Palace about the Motion Picture Country Home ( 2005 ) , and Guilty Pleasure about the Vanity Fair columnist and author Dominick Dunne ( 2004 ) . In addition , Avrich produced the Gemini-nominated television special Caesar and Cleopatra ( 2009 ) with Christopher Plummer . Avrich also produced Canada 's Sports Hall of Fame Awards ( 2015 ) as well as the Canadian Screen Awards ( 2016 ) . Besides films , Avrich has authored three books and one play as well as supporting many leading cultural institutions including The Toronto International Film Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada . Avrich was responsible for creating the world 's first state of the art movie theatre in a children 's hospital at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto , Ontario . Avrich won the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2008 . In 2016 , Avrich published his memoir , Moguls , Monsters and Madmen ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry Avrich , Dusty Cohl , Michael Cohl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murray_Cohl', 'summary': "Murray Dusty Cohl , CM ( February 21 , 1929 - January 11 , 2008 ) was a Canadian film producer and co-founder of Toronto International Film Festival and Canada 's Walk of Fame . Murray Cohl was born in Toronto , Ontario to Karl and Lillian Cohl in 1929 . His father Karl was a Communist who worked as a house painter in the city . Cohl attended at Charles G. Fraser elementary school and Camp Naivelt in Brampton northwest of Toronto from the age of five . He began his adult life as a real estate lawyer after graduating from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1954 . Cohl was invested into the Order of Canada in May 2003 for his pride in Canadian talent and his desire to celebrate our achievements . He was diagnosed with liver cancer in late 2007 . On January 11 , 2008 he died at a hospital in Toronto ."}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Avrich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canvas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canvas_(2006_film)', 'summary': 'Canvas is a 2006 drama film written and directed by Joseph Greco about a Florida family dealing with a mother who has schizophrenia . The film premiered October 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival in New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Greco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Greco', 'summary': "Joseph Greco ( born 1972 ) is a writer , director and producer living in Los Angeles . He wrote & directed the feature film Canvas . Greco was interested in magic , entering the Society of American Magicians aged 14 , but shifted his interest to film shortly before attending university . He graduated from Florida State University 's School of Motion Picture , Television and Recording Arts in 1994 . He began making short films in Hollywood , Florida in the mid-90s , before moving to Hollywood in 1995 . He has worked with director James Cameron and has received awards for his short films , The Ghost of Drury Lane and Lena 's Spaghetti , which premiered in the Telluride Film Festival 's Filmmakers of Tomorrow Program . Greco is a member of the Directors Guild of America . Greco has directed many plays , short films , music videos & PSAs , working with actors such as Harrison Ford , Matthew Modine , and Cloris Leachman . He directed the music video Hope Is a Thing for singer/songwriter Lisbeth Scott , working alongside two-time Academy Award-winning cinematographer Haskell Wexler . Joseph Greco directed the Disney internet commercial Dance Star Mickey starring Quest Crew . Greco is the producer & director of the 2011 Emmy winning documentary series Profiles of Hope and the producer of Joe Pantoliano 's documentary No Kidding , Me Too , both of which were released on PBS . Canvas is Greco 's first feature film , and was inspired by his own experience of living with his mother , who suffered from schizophrenia ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Pantoliano , Marcia Gay Harden , Devon Gearhart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Pantoliano', 'summary': "Joseph Peter Pantoliano ( born September 12 , 1951 ) is an American actor who has often played shady characters , criminals or corrupt individuals . Early roles include playing a wounded soldier in the television series M*A*S*H* before getting the role of the pimp Guido in 1983 's Risky Business , the criminal Francis Fratelli in 1985 's The Goonies , Snake in Running Scared ( 1986 ) , record producer Bob Keane in La Bamba and bail bondsman Eddie Moscone in 1988 's Midnight Run . He portrayed Norby in Baby 's Day Out , Deputy U.S . Marshal Cosmo Renfro in both 1993 's The Fugitive and its sequel , 1998 's U.S . Marshals . Other roles include Caesar in Bound , Cypher in The Matrix , Teddy in Memento , Captain Conrad Howard in the Bad Boys trilogy , and Ralph Cifaretto during seasons 3-4 of The Sopranos . He also starred in two episodes of Tales from the Crypt . In addition , he had smaller roles in the 2010s in television shows and films , such as 2016 's romantic comedy The Perfect Match , and the Netflix series Sense8 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marcia_Gay_Harden', 'summary': "Marcia Gay Harden ( born August 14 , 1959 ) is an American actress . Her film breakthrough was in the 1990 Coen brothers-directed Miller 's Crossing . She followed this with roles in films including Used People ( 1992 ) , The First Wives Club ( 1996 ) , and Flubber ( 1997 ) . For her performance as artist Lee Krasner in the 2000 film Pollock , she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She earned another Academy Award nomination for her performance as Celeste Boyle in Mystic River ( 2003 ) . Other notable film roles include American Gun ( 2005 ) , and 2007 's The Mist and Into the Wild . Harden made her Broadway debut in 1993 , starring in Angels in America , for which she was nominated for a Tony Award . She returned to Broadway in 2009 as Veronica in God of Carnage . Her performance won her the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . Harden was nominated for her second Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler . Harden 's other notable television roles include Dr Leanne Rorish in the CBS medical drama Code Black and attorney Rebecca Halliday in the HBO Aaron Sorkin series The Newsroom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Devon_Gearhart', 'summary': 'Devon Gearhart ( born May 5 , 1995 ) is an American actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Greco , Pantoliano , Adam Hammel ( producer ) , Bill Erfurth ( producer )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shotgun Stories', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shotgun_Stories', 'summary': 'Shotgun Stories is a 2007 drama film about a feud between two sets of half-brothers following the death of their father in rural Arkansas . The film was written and directed by Jeff Nichols , and stars Michael Shannon , Barlow Jacobs , Michael Abbott Jr. and Glenda Pannell .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Nichols', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Nichols', 'summary': 'Jeff Nichols ( born December 7 , 1978 ) is an American film director and screenwriter from Little Rock , Arkansas . He studied filmmaking at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts . Nichols is most known for his films Take Shelter ( 2011 ) , Mud ( 2012 ) , and Loving ( 2016 ) , which have been critically acclaimed .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Shannon , Douglas Ligon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Shannon', 'summary': "Michael Corbett Shannon ( born August 7 , 1974 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and musician . He has been nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his roles in Revolutionary Road ( 2008 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . He earned Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for his role in 99 Homes ( 2014 ) , and a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 2016 ) . Shannon made his film debut in 1993 with Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile ( 2002 ) . He is known for his on-screen versatility , performing in both comedies and dramas . His performances include Pearl Harbor ( 2001 ) , Bad Boys II ( 2003 ) , Bug ( 2006 ) , Before the Devil Knows You 're Dead ( 2007 ) , Bad Lieutenant : Port of Call New Orleans ( 2009 ) , The Iceman ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) , The Shape of Water ( 2017 ) , and Knives Out ( 2019 ) . Shannon is a frequent collaborator of Jeff Nichols , appearing in all of his films : Shotgun Stories ( 2007 ) , Take Shelter ( 2011 ) , Mud ( 2012 ) , Midnight Special , and Loving ( both 2016 ) . He is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010-2014 ) , for which he was nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Nichols', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underworld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Underworld_(1927_film)', 'summary': "Underworld ( also released as Paying the Penalty ) is a 1927 American silent crime film directed by Josef von Sternberg . The film launched Sternberg 's eight-year collaboration with Paramount Pictures , with whom he would produce his seven films with actress Marlene Dietrich . Journalist and screenwriter Ben Hecht won an Academy Award for Best Original Story ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef von Sternberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg', 'summary': "Josef von Sternberg ( born Jonas Sternberg , 29 May 1894 - 22 December 1969 ) was an Austrian-American filmmaker whose career successfully spanned the transition from the silent to the sound era , during which he worked with most of the major Hollywood studios . He is best known for his film collaboration with actress Marlene Dietrich in the 1930s , including the highly regarded Paramount/UFA production , The Blue Angel ( 1930 ) . Sternberg 's finest works are noteworthy for their striking pictorial compositions , dense décor , chiaroscuro illumination and relentless camera motion , endowing the scenes with emotional intensity . He is also credited with initiating the gangster film genre with his silent era movie Underworld ( 1927 ) . Sternberg 's themes typically offer the spectacle of an individual 's desperate struggle to maintain their personal integrity as they sacrifice themselves for lust or love . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for Morocco ( 1930 ) and Shanghai Express ( 1932 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clive Brook , Evelyn Brent , George Bancroft , Larry Semon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clive_Brook', 'summary': "Clifford Hardman Clive Brook ( 1 June 1887 - 17 November 1974 ) was an English film actor . After making his first screen appearance in 1920 , Brook emerged as a leading British actor in the early 1920s . After moving to the United States in 1924 , Brook became one of the major stars for Paramount Pictures in the late silent era . During 1928-29 he successfully made the transition to sound and continued to be featured in many of Hollywood 's most prestigious films , including a number of literary adaptations . In the mid-1930s he returned to England , where he appeared regularly in leading film roles for a further decade ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Evelyn_Brent', 'summary': 'Evelyn Brent ( born Mary Elizabeth Riggs , October 20 , 1895- June 4 , 1975 ) was an American film and stage actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Bancroft_(actor)', 'summary': 'George Bancroft ( September 30 , 1882 - October 2 , 1956 ) was an American film actor , whose career spanned more than thirty years from 1925 to 1956 . He was cast in many notable films alongside major film stars throughout his Hollywood years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Larry_Semon', 'summary': 'Lawrence Larry Semon ( February 9 , 1889 - October 8 , 1928 ) was an American actor , director , producer , and screenwriter during the silent film era . In his day , Semon was considered a major movie comedian , but he is now remembered mainly for working with both Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy before they started working together . He is also sometimes noted for directing ( as well as appearing in ) the 1925 silent film The Wizard of Oz , which had a slight influence on the better-known 1939 talkie The Wizard of Oz released by MGM . The film was included in the 2005 three-disc DVD version of the 1939 film , along with other silent Oz movies .'}]}, {'value': 'Alloy Orchestra played live accompaniment . Post-film Q & A was scheduled to include members of the Alloy Orchestra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alloy_Orchestra', 'summary': "Alloy Orchestra is a musical ensemble based in Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States , that performs its own accompaniments to silent films of the classic movie era . Percussionists Terry Donahue and Ken Winokur and keyboardist Caleb Sampson founded the group in 1990 . After Sampson 's death in 1998 , the band was joined by keyboardist Roger Miller , better known as the guitarist of post-punk band Mission of Burma . They have released four collections of film music and have toured both North America and Europe in support of cinematic shows ."}]}, {'value': 'The Real Dirt on Farmer John', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Real_Dirt_on_Farmer_John', 'summary': "The Real Dirt on Farmer John is a 2005 documentary film directed by Taggart Siegel about the life of Midwestern farmer John Peterson , operator of Angelic Organics . It tells the history of the eccentric farmer 's family farm in rural Caledonia , Illinois ."}]}, {'value': 'Taggart Siegel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taggart_Siegel', 'summary': 'Taggart Siegel is an American documentary filmmaker . For 30 years , he has produced and directed Emmy-nominated , award-winning documentaries and dramas that reflect cultural diversity . He is co-founder of Collective Eye Films , a nonprofit media production and distribution organization .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Peterson , Anna Nielsen , John Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Siegel and Peterson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mishima : A Life in Four Chapters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mishima:_A_Life_in_Four_Chapters', 'summary': "Mishima : A Life in Four Chapters is a 1985 American biographical drama film co-written and directed by Paul Schrader . The film is based on the life and work of Japanese writer Yukio Mishima ( portrayed by Ken Ogata ) , interweaving episodes from his life with dramatizations of segments from his books The Temple of the Golden Pavilion , Kyoko 's House , and Runaway Horses . Francis Ford Coppola and George Lucas were executive producers of the film ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Schrader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Schrader', 'summary': 'Paul Joseph Schrader ( /ˈʃreɪdər/ ) ( born July 22 , 1946 ) is an American screenwriter , film director , and film critic . Schrader wrote or co-wrote screenplays for four Martin Scorsese films : Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , Raging Bull ( 1980 ) , The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , and Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) . He has directed 18 feature films , including his directing debut , the crime drama Blue Collar ( co-written with his brother , Leonard Schrader ) , the crime drama Hardcore ( a loosely autobiographical film also written by Schrader ) , his 1982 remake of the horror classic Cat People , the crime drama American Gigolo ( 1980 ) , the biographical drama Mishima : A Life in Four Chapters ( 1985 ) , the true life biopic Patty Hearst ( 1988 ) , the cult film Light Sleeper ( 1992 ) , the drama Affliction ( 1997 ) , the biographical film Auto Focus ( 2002 ) , the erotic dramatic thriller The Canyons ( 2013 ) , and the dramatic thriller First Reformed ( 2017 ) , which earned him his first Academy Award nomination .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ken Ogata , Masayuki Shionoya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Ogata', 'summary': 'Akinobu Ogata ( 緒形 明伸 , Ogata Akinobu , 20 July 1937 - 5 October 2008 ) , better known by his stage name Ken Ogata ( 緒形 拳 , Ogata Ken ) , was a Japanese actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Schrader and Eiko Ishioka ( costume designer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka', 'summary': "Eiko Ishioka ( 石岡 瑛子 , Ishioka Eiko , July 12 , 1938 - January 21 , 2012 ) was a Japanese art director , costume designer , and graphic designer known for her work in stage , screen , advertising , and print media . Noted for her advertising campaigns for the Japanese boutique chain Parco , her collaboration with sportswear company Descente in designing uniforms and outerwear for members of the Swiss , Canadian , Japanese , and Spanish teams at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and was the director of costume design for the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . She won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design for her work in Francis Ford Coppola 's 1992 film Bram Stoker 's Dracula and was posthumously nominated for an Academy Award in the same category for her work in Tarsem Singh 's 2012 film Mirror Mirror ."}]}, {'value': 'Hulk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hulk_(film)', 'summary': "Hulk is a 2003 American superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name . It was directed by Ang Lee and written by James Schamus , Michael France , and John Turman , from a story by Schamus . Eric Bana stars as Bruce Banner / Hulk , alongside Jennifer Connelly , Sam Elliott , Josh Lucas , and Nick Nolte . The film explores the origins of Bruce Banner , who after a lab accident involving gamma radiation , finds himself able to turn into a huge green-skinned monster whenever he is emotionally provoked or stressed , while he is pursued by the United States military and comes into a conflict with his biological father , who has his own dark agenda for his son . Development for the film started as far back as 1990 . The film was at one point to be directed by Joe Johnston and then Jonathan Hensleigh . More scripts had been written by Hensleigh , John Turman , Michael France , Zak Penn ( who would go on to write The Incredible Hulk ) , J. J. Abrams , Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski , Michael Tolkin , and David Hayter before Ang Lee and James Schamus ' involvement . Hulk was shot mostly in California , primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area . Hulk grossed $ 245 million worldwide , becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 2003 . The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes calls it an ambitious and stylish film that focuses too much on dialogue at the cost of action . A reboot , titled The Incredible Hulk , was released on June 13 , 2008 , as the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ."}]}, {'value': 'Ang Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ang_Lee', 'summary': "Ang Lee OBS ( Chinese : 李安 ; pinyin : Lǐ Ān ; born 23 October 1954 ) is a Taiwanese filmmaker . Born in the Pingtung County of southern Taiwan , Lee was educated in Taiwan and later in the United States for further study . His filmmaking career has seen him experience international critical and popular acclaim and a range of accolades . Lee garnered success with Pushing Hands ( 1991 ) , The Wedding Banquet ( 1993 ) , and Eat Drink Man Woman ( 1994 ) , which explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity , Eastern and Western ; the three films are informally known as the Father Knows Best trilogy . The films garnered Lee success both in his native Taiwan and internationally , precipitating his arrival in Hollywood with Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , for which he received critical praise and a number of accolades . He went on to direct films in a broad range of genres , including the drama The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) ; the Western Ride with the Devil ( 1999 ) ; the martial arts wuxia drama Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ( 2000 ) ; the superhero blockbuster Hulk ( 2003 ) ; the romantic drama Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) ; the erotic espionage period drama Lust , Caution ( 2007 ) ; and the magic realist survival film Life of Pi ( 2012 ) . Much of Lee 's work is known for its emotional charge and exploration of repressed , hidden emotions , which commentators believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers and achieving international recognition . Lee has been nominated for nine Academy Awards , of which he has won three : Best Foreign Language Film for Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Best Director for Brokeback Mountain and Life of Pi , becoming the first non-white person to win the latter . For The Wedding Banquet and Sense and Sensibility , Lee won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival ; for Brokeback Mountain and Lust Caution , he won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival . Lee is one of four directors to win the Golden Lion twice and the sole filmmaker to have been awarded the Golden Bear twice . Lee has also been awarded Directors Guild of America , Golden Globe and British Academy Film Awards , among others , and is the recipient of the Order of Brilliant Star , the second highest civilian honor bestowed by the government of Taiwan ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eric Bana , Jennifer Connelly , Sam Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_Bana', 'summary': "Eric Banadinović , AM ( born 9 August 1968 ) , known professionally as Eric Bana ( /ˈbænə/ ) , is an Australian actor . He began his career in the sketch comedy series Full Frontal before gaining notice in the comedy-drama The Castle ( 1997 ) . Soon after he gained critical recognition in the biographical crime film Chopper ( 2000 ) . After a decade of roles in Australian TV shows and films , Bana gained Hollywood 's attention for his performance in the war film Black Hawk Down ( 2001 ) and the title character in Hulk ( 2003 ) . He has since played Hector in the movie Troy ( 2004 ) , the lead in Steven Spielberg 's historical drama and political thriller Munich ( 2005 ) , Henry VIII in The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , and the villain Nero in the science-fiction film Star Trek ( 2009 ) . Bana also played Henry De Tamble in The Time Traveler 's Wife ( 2009 ) . In 2013 , he played Lt. Cmdr . Erik S. Kristensen in the war film Lone Survivor and in the following year he played police sergeant Ralph Sarchie in the horror film Deliver Us from Evil . An accomplished dramatic actor and comedian , he received Australia 's highest film and television awards for his performances in Chopper , Full Frontal and Romulus , My Father . Bana has performed across a wide spectrum of leading roles in a variety of low-budget and major studio films , ranging from romantic comedies and drama to science fiction and action films ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jennifer_Connelly', 'summary': "Jennifer Lynn Connelly ( born December 12 , 1970 ) is an American actress who began her career as a child model . She appeared in magazine , newspaper and television advertising , before she made her film acting debut in the crime film Once Upon a Time in America ( 1984 ) . Connelly continued modeling and acting , starring in a number of films , including the horror film Phenomena ( 1985 ) , the musical fantasy film Labyrinth ( 1986 ) , the romantic comedy Career Opportunities ( 1991 ) , and the period superhero film The Rocketeer ( 1991 ) . She gained critical acclaim for her work in the science fiction film Dark City ( 1998 ) and for playing a drug addict in Darren Aronofsky 's drama Requiem for a Dream ( 2000 ) . In 2002 , Connelly won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Alicia Nash in Ron Howard 's biopic A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) . Her subsequent credits include the Marvel superhero film Hulk ( 2003 ) , in which she played Bruce Banner 's love interest Betty Ross , the horror film Dark Water ( 2005 ) , the drama Blood Diamond ( 2006 ) , the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still ( 2008 ) , the romantic comedy He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , and the biopic Creation ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , she took on supporting roles in Aronofsky 's epic film Noah ( 2014 ) and in the action film Alita : Battle Angel ( 2019 ) . Connelly was named Amnesty International Ambassador for Human Rights Education in 2005 . She has been the face of Balenciaga fashion advertisements , as well as for Revlon cosmetics . In 2012 , she was named the first global face of the Shiseido Company . Magazines , including Time , Vanity Fair and Esquire , as well as the Los Angeles Times newspaper , have included her on their lists of the world 's most beautiful women ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sam_Elliott', 'summary': "Samuel Pack Elliott ( born August 9 , 1944 ) is an American actor . His lanky physique , thick moustache , deep , resonant voice , and Western drawl have led to frequent roles as cowboys and ranchers . His accolades include an Academy Award nomination , two Golden Globe Award nominations , two Primetime Emmy Award nominations , and a National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor . Elliott began his film career with minor appearances in The Way West ( 1967 ) and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) , and guest-starred on television in the Western Gunsmoke ( 1972 ) and the television films Murder in Texas ( 1981 ) and The Shadow Riders ( 1982 ) . His film breakthrough was in the drama Lifeguard ( 1976 ) . He then appeared in several Louis L'Amour adaptations such as The Quick and the Dead ( 1987 ) and Conagher ( 1991 ) , the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film . He received his second Golden Globe and first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Buffalo Girls ( 1995 ) . Other film credits from the early 1990s include as John Buford in the historical drama Gettysburg ( 1993 ) and as Virgil Earp in the Western Tombstone ( also 1993 ) . In the 2000s , Elliott appeared in supporting roles in the drama We Were Soldiers ( 2002 ) , and the action films Hulk ( 2003 ) , and Ghost Rider ( 2007 ) . In 2015 , he guest-starred on the series Justified , which earned him a Critics ' Choice Television Award , and in 2016 began starring in the Netflix series The Ranch . He subsequently had a lead role in the comedy-drama The Hero ( 2017 ) . The following year , Elliott was cast in the musical drama A Star Is Born ( 2018 ) , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , a Critics ' Choice Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award and won a National Board of Review Award ."}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Lee', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The Band 's Visit", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Band's_Visit", 'summary': "The Band 's Visit ( Hebrew : ביקור התזמורת - Bikur Ha-Tizmoret ) is a 2007 comedy-drama film directed and written by Eran Kolirin , and starring Saleh Bakri , Ronit Elkabetz , Sasson Gabai and Uri Gavriel . It is an international co-production between Israel , France and the United States . The film received acclaim from critics and audiences . It won eight Ophir Prizes awarded by the Israeli Film Academy . It was Israel 's original Foreign Language Film submission for the 80th Academy Awards , but was rejected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences because it contained over 50% English dialogue . Thus , Israel sent Beaufort instead ; Beaufort was eventually included in the five final nominees ."}]}, {'value': 'Eran Kolirin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eran_Kolirin', 'summary': "Eran Kolirin ( Hebrew : ערן קולירין ) ( born 4 November 1973 ) is an Israeli screenwriter and film director . In 2004 he directed the feature-length television drama The Long Journey . His cinema directorial debut , The Band 's Visit ( 2007 ) , was a critical success , winning eight Awards of the Israeli Film Academy and prizes at several international film festivals . Kolirin himself won the Israeli Film Academy 's awards for Best Director and Best Screenplay . His second film , The Exchange , was in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival in September 2011 . His next film Beyond the Mountains and Hills was selected to be screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . It was screened in film festivals around world , winning several awards , including Best Feature Film at the 2016 UK Jewish Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sasson Gabai , Ronit Elkabetz , Saleh Bakri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sasson_Gabai', 'summary': "Sasson Gabai ( Hebrew : ששון גבאי ; born 24 November 1947 ) is an Israeli actor . He is the winner of an Ophir Award , Asia Pacific Screen Award ( nominated ) , European Film Awards and Jerusalem Film Festival in 2007 as Best Actor in a highly acclaimed Israeli film The Band 's Visit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ronit_Elkabetz', 'summary': 'Ronit Elkabetz ( Hebrew : רונית אלקבץ ; 27 November 1964 - 19 April 2016 ) was an Israeli actress , screenwriter and filmmaker . She worked in both Israeli and French cinema . She won three Ophir Awards and received a total of seven nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saleh_Bakri', 'summary': 'Saleh Bakri is an Israeli Arab film and theatre actor . He began his career in the theater . Saleh is the son of actor and film director Mohammad Bakri , brother of actors Ziad and Adam Bakri .'}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Kolirin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Housekeeping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Housekeeping_(film)', 'summary': 'Housekeeping is a 1987 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Bill Forsyth and starring Christine Lahti , Sara Walker , and Andrea Burchill . Based on the 1980 novel Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson , the film is about two young sisters growing up in Idaho during the 1950s . After being abandoned by their mother and raised by elderly relatives , the sisters are looked after by their eccentric aunt whose unconventional and unpredictable ways affect their lives . Filmed on location in Alberta and British Columbia , Canada , Housekeeping won two awards at the 1987 Tokyo International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Bill Forsyth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Forsyth', 'summary': "William David Forsyth ( born 29 July 1946 ) is a Scottish film director and writer known for his films Gregory 's Girl ( 1981 ) , Local Hero ( 1983 ) , and Comfort and Joy ( 1984 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christine Lahti , Sara Walker , Andrea Burchill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christine_Lahti', 'summary': "Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress and filmmaker . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include .And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) , and The Fear Inside . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995-99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009-11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012-19 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015-17 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Post-film Q & A included Forsyth and Lahti', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cell', 'summary': "The Cell is a 2000 American science fiction crime horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his directorial debut , and starring Jennifer Lopez , Vince Vaughn , and Vincent D'Onofrio . The film received mixed reviews upon its release , with critics praising its visuals , direction , make-up , costumes and D'Onofrio 's performance , while criticizing its Silence of the Lambs-inspired plot , an emphasis on style rather than substance , clunky dialogue and masochistic imagery . Nonetheless , the film was a box office success , grossing over $ 104 million against a $ 33 million budget ."}]}, {'value': 'Tarsem Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarsem_Singh', 'summary': 'Tarsem Singh Dhandwar ( born 26 May 1961 ) , known professionally as Tarsem , is an Indian director who has worked on films , music videos , and commercials .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jennifer Lopez , Vince Vaughn , Vincent DOnofrio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez', 'summary': 'Jennifer Lynn Lopez ( born July 24 , 1969 ) , also known by her nickname J.Lo , is an American actress , singer , dancer , fashion designer , producer , and businesswoman . In 1991 , Lopez began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color , where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . For her first leading role in the 1997 Selena biopic of the same name , Lopez received a Golden Globe nomination and became the first Latin actress to earn over US $ 1 million for a film . She went on to star in Anaconda ( 1997 ) and Out of Sight ( 1998 ) , later establishing herself as the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood . Lopez ventured into the music industry with her debut studio album On the 6 ( 1999 ) , which helped propel the Latin pop movement in American music . With the simultaneous release of her second studio album J.Lo and her romantic comedy The Wedding Planner in 2001 , Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album and film in the same week . Her 2002 remix album , J to tha L-O ! The Remixes , became the first in history to debut at number one on the U.S . Billboard 200 . Later that year , she released her third studio album This Is Me . Then , and starred in the US box office number-one Maid in Manhattan . After starring in Gigli ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure , Lopez subsequently starred in the successful romantic comedies Shall We Dance ?'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vince_Vaughn', 'summary': 'Vincent Anthony Vaughn ( born March 28 , 1970 ) is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Vaughn began acting in the late 1980s , appearing in minor television roles before attaining wider recognition with the 1996 comedy-drama film Swingers . He has appeared in a number of films in the 1990s , including the sports film Rudy ( 1993 ) , the sci-fi adventure dinosaur film The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) , and the drama-thriller Return to Paradise ( 1998 ) . Other than his dramatic role in The Cell ( 2000 ) , in the 2000s he acted primarily in comedies , including Old School ( 2003 ) , Dodgeball : A True Underdog Story ( 2004 ) , Wedding Crashers ( 2005 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Fred Claus ( 2007 ) , and Four Christmases ( 2008 ) . He continued his comedic roles in the 2010s with The Dilemma ( 2011 ) , The Watch ( 2012 ) , and The Internship ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , he starred as Frank Semyon in the second season of the HBO anthology crime drama television series True Detective alongside Colin Farrell , Taylor Kitsch and Rachel McAdams , and since then has taken dramatic roles such as in Hacksaw Ridge , Brawl in Cell Block 99 and Dragged Across Concrete .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vincent_D’Onofrio', 'summary': "Vincent Philip D'Onofrio ( /dəˈnɒfrioʊ/ ; born June 30 , 1959 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and singer . He is known for his supporting and starring roles in both film and television . He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Saturn Awards , winning one for his supporting role in Men in Black . His roles include Private Leonard Gomer Pyle Lawrence in Full Metal Jacket ( 1987 ) , Wilson Fisk / Kingpin in Daredevil ( 2015-2018 ) , NYPD Detective Robert Goren in Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Edgar the Bug in Men in Black ( 1997 ) , and Vic Hoskins in Jurassic World ( 2015 ) . Among other honors , D'Onofrio is a Saturn Award winner , an Emmy Award nominee and a Jay Award 2018 winner ."}]}, {'value': 'Post film Q & A included Singh , Eiko Ishioka ( costume designer ) , and Nico Soultanakis ( producer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka', 'summary': "Eiko Ishioka ( 石岡 瑛子 , Ishioka Eiko , July 12 , 1938 - January 21 , 2012 ) was a Japanese art director , costume designer , and graphic designer known for her work in stage , screen , advertising , and print media . Noted for her advertising campaigns for the Japanese boutique chain Parco , her collaboration with sportswear company Descente in designing uniforms and outerwear for members of the Swiss , Canadian , Japanese , and Spanish teams at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and was the director of costume design for the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . She won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design for her work in Francis Ford Coppola 's 1992 film Bram Stoker 's Dracula and was posthumously nominated for an Academy Award in the same category for her work in Tarsem Singh 's 2012 film Mirror Mirror ."}]}, {'value': 'Romance & Cigarettes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romance_&_Cigarettes', 'summary': 'Romance & Cigarettes is a 2005 American musical romantic comedy film written and directed by John Turturro . The film stars an ensemble cast which includes James Gandolfini , Susan Sarandon , Kate Winslet , Steve Buscemi , Bobby Cannavale , Mandy Moore , Mary-Louise Parker , Aida Turturro , Christopher Walken , Barbara Sukowa , Elaine Stritch , Eddie Izzard , and Amy Sedaris . The film was nominated for a Golden Lion at the 2005 Venice Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'John Turturro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Turturro', 'summary': "John Michael Turturro ( /tərˈtʊəroʊ/ ; born February 28 , 1957 ) is an American actor , writer and filmmaker , known for his association with the independent film movement . He has appeared in over sixty feature films and has worked frequently with the Coen brothers , Adam Sandler and Spike Lee . He began acting on-screen in the early 1980s , with his mainstream breakthrough coming with Lee 's Do the Right Thing ( 1989 ) and the Coens ' Miller 's Crossing ( 1990 ) and Barton Fink ( 1991 ) , for which he won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival . His subsequent roles included Herb Stempel in Quiz Show ( 1994 ) , Jesus Quintana in The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Pete in O Brother , Where Art Thou ? ( 2000 ) , and Seymour Simmons in the Transformers film series . An Emmy Award winner , Turturro has also been nominated for four Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , and four Independent Spirit Awards . He directed Mac ( 1992 ) , which won the Golden Camera Award at the Cannes Film Festival , Illuminata ( 1998 ) , and Romance and Cigarettes ( 2005 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Gandolfini , Susan Sarandon , Kate Winslet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Gandolfini', 'summary': "James Joseph Gandolfini Jr. ( Italian : [ ɡandolˈfiːni ] ; September 18 , 1961 - June 19 , 2013 ) was an American actor and producer best known for his role as Tony Soprano , the Italian-American crime boss in HBO 's television series The Sopranos , for which he won three Emmy Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and one Golden Globe Award . Gandolfini 's performance as Tony Soprano is widely regarded as among the greatest performances in television history . His notable film roles include mob henchman Virgil in True Romance ( 1993 ) , Lt. Bobby Dougherty in Crimson Tide ( 1995 ) , Colonel Winter in The Last Castle ( 2001 ) and Mayor of New York in The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) . Other roles are enforcer and stuntman Bear in Get Shorty ( 1995 ) and impulsive Wild Thing Carol in Where the Wild Things Are ( 2009 ) . For his performance as Albert in Enough Said ( 2013 ) , Gandolfini posthumously received much critical praise and several accolades , including a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination and the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor . In 2007 , Gandolfini produced Alive Day Memories : Home from Iraq , a documentary in which he interviewed injured Iraq War veterans and in 2010 , Wartorn : 1861-2010 examining the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on soldiers and families throughout several wars in U.S. history from 1861 to 2010 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Susan_Sarandon', 'summary': "Susan Abigail Sarandon ( née Tomalin ; born October 4 , 1946 ) is an American actress and activist . She has received an Academy Award , a British Academy Film Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award , and has been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards . Known for her social and political activism , she was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006 . Sarandon began her career in the film Joe ( 1970 ) , before appearing in the soap opera A World Apart ( 1970-71 ) . In 1974 , she co-starred as a Zelda Fitzgerald surrogate in the TV movie F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles ' and in 1975 , she starred in The Rocky Horror Picture Show . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City ( 1980 ) , Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , Lorenzo 's Oil ( 1992 ) , and The Client ( 1994 ) , before winning for Dead Man Walking ( 1995 ) . She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client , and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking . Her other films include : Pretty Baby ( 1978 ) , The Hunger ( 1983 ) , The Witches of Eastwick ( 1987 ) , Bull Durham ( 1988 ) , White Palace ( 1990 ) , Little Women ( 1994 ) , Stepmom ( 1998 ) , Enchanted ( 2007 ) , The Lovely Bones ( 2009 ) , Tammy ( 2014 ) , The Meddler ( 2015 ) , and A Bad Moms Christmas ( 2017 ) . She made her Broadway debut in An Evening with Richard Nixon in 1972 and went on to receive Drama Desk Award nominations for the Off-Broadway plays , A Coupla White Chicks Sitting Around Talking ( 1979 ) and Extremities ( 1982 ) . She returned to Broadway in the 2009 revival of Exit the King . On television , she is a six-time Emmy Award nominee , including for her guest roles on the sitcoms Friends ( 2001 ) and Malcolm in the Middle ( 2002 ) , and appearances in the TV films Bernard and Doris ( 2007 ) and You Do n't Know Jack ( 2010 ) . In 2017 , Sarandon portrayed Bette Davis in the first season of FX 's anthology series Feud , for which she was nominated for both acting and producing Emmys ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kate_Winslet', 'summary': 'Kate Elizabeth Winslet CBE ( born 5 October 1975 ) is an English actress . She is particularly known for her work in period dramas , and is often drawn to portraying angst-ridden women . Winslet is the recipient of various accolades , including three British Academy Film Awards , and is among the few performers to have won Academy , Emmy , and Grammy Awards . Born in Reading , Berkshire , Winslet studied drama at the Redroofs Theatre School . Her first screen appearance , at the age of 15 , was in the British television series Dark Season ( 1991 ) . She made her film debut playing a teenage murderess in Heavenly Creatures ( 1994 ) , and received her first BAFTA Award for playing Marianne Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) . Global stardom followed soon after with her leading role in the epic romance Titanic ( 1997 ) . It was the highest-grossing film of all time to that point , after which she eschewed parts in blockbusters in favour of critically acclaimed period pieces , including Quills ( 2000 ) and Iris ( 2001 ) , which were not widely seen . The science fiction romance Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ( 2004 ) , in which Winslet was cast against type in a contemporary setting , proved to be a turning point in her career , and she gained further recognition for her performances in Finding Neverland ( 2004 ) , Little Children ( 2006 ) , Revolutionary Road ( 2008 ) , and The Reader ( 2008 ) . For playing a former Nazi camp guard in the last of these , she won the BAFTA Award and Academy Award for Best Actress . In the 2010s , Winslet played a single mother in 1930s America in the miniseries Mildred Pierce ( 2011 ) , joined the Divergent film series , and portrayed Joanna Hoffman in Steve Jobs ( 2015 ) . She won a Primetime Emmy Award for the first of these and a third BAFTA Award for the lattermost .'}]}, {'value': 'Post film Q & A Aida Turturro ( actor ) and Tricia Brouk ( choreographer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aida_Turturro', 'summary': 'Aida Turturro ( born September 25 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for playing Janice Soprano , sister of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano , on the HBO drama series The Sopranos ( 1999-2007 ) .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Films -- 2008', 'section_text': 'Festival schedule [ 65 ]', 'uid': "Ebertfest:_Roger_Ebert's_Film_Festival_9", 'intro': "Ebertfest is an annual film festival held every April in Champaign, Illinois, United States, organized by the College of Media at the University of Illinois. Roger Ebert, the TV and Chicago Sun-Times film critic, was a native of the adjoining town of Urbana, Illinois and is an alumnus of the University. Founded in 1999 as Roger Ebert's Overlooked Film Festival, this event is the only long-running film festival created by a critic. Despite Eberts death in 2013, the festival continues to operate based on Eberts notes and vision for the kinds of films he championed."}
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The actress who won an Oscar for the film `` Pollock '' , starred in an Ebertfest film that premiered where ?
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the Hamptons International Film Festival in New York
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02f5540499e5a41a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man', 'title': 'Local government in the Isle of Man', 'header': ['Map №', 'Local Authority', 'Type', 'Sheading', 'Keys Constituency'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andreas_(parish)', 'summary': 'Andreas ( /ˈændrəs/ AND-rəss or /ˈændrɪəs/ AND-ree-əss ; Manx : Andreas ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Ayre .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre', 'summary': 'Ayre ( /ɛər/ AIR ; Manx : Inver Ayre ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Andreas , Bride and ( Kirk Christ ) Lezayre . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Lezayre , and Maughold in the sheading of Garff ) . It is treated as part of Garff for most purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Glen Auldyn and Sulby ( both in the parish of Lezayre ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arbory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arbory_(parish)', 'summary': 'Arbory ( Manx : Cairbre ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) in the sheading of Rushen . Settlements in the parish include Ballabeg , Colby and Ronague .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)', 'summary': "Rushen ( /ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən ; Manx : Rosien ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Arbory , Malew and ( Kirk Christ ) Rushen . Administratively , the sheading of Rushen also includes the town of Castletown and the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary . Other settlements in the sheading include Ballabeg , Colby and Ronague ( all in the parish of Arbory ) , Ballasalla , Derbyhaven and St Mark 's ( all in the parish of Malew ) , and Cregneash in the parish of Rushen ."}]}, {'value': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arbory,_Castletown_&_Malew', 'summary': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew is a House of Keys constituency in the south of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Jason Moorhouse and Graham Cregeen .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballaugh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballaugh', 'summary': "Ballaugh ( /bəˈlæf/ bə-LAFF ; from Manx Balley ny Loghey , meaning 'town of the lake ' ) is a small village on the Isle of Man in the parish of the same name , in the sheading of Michael . It is the only village in the parish . The parish adjoins Jurby to the north , Lezayre to the east , Michael to the south and south-west , and the Irish Sea to the west . It stretches about 5 miles or 8 km from north to south : at the extreme southern end it includes part of Sulby Reservoir , and to the west it includes part of Bishopscourt , the former house of the island 's Bishop ."}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Michael ( Manx : Maayl ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Ballaugh , Jurby and Michael . Other settlements in the sheading include Barregarrow in the parish of Michael .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Braddan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Braddan', 'summary': 'Braddan ( Manx : Braddan ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) in the sheading of Middle . Administratively , a small part of the historic parish of Braddan is now covered by part of the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the parish include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bride_(parish)', 'summary': 'Bride ( Manx : Breeshey ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Ayre .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre', 'summary': 'Ayre ( /ɛər/ AIR ; Manx : Inver Ayre ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Andreas , Bride and ( Kirk Christ ) Lezayre . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Lezayre , and Maughold in the sheading of Garff ) . It is treated as part of Garff for most purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Glen Auldyn and Sulby ( both in the parish of Lezayre ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castletown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': 'Castletown ( Manx : Balley Chashtal , pronounced [ ˈbalʲə ˈxaʃtʃəl ] ) is a town in the Isle of Man , geographically within the historical parish of Malew but administered separately . Lying at the south of the island , it was the Manx capital until 1869 . The centre of town is dominated by Castle Rushen , a well-preserved medieval castle , originally built for a Viking king .'}]}, {'value': 'town', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen', 'summary': 'Rushen ( /ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən ; Manx : Rosien ) , formally Kirk Christ Rushen , is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) in the sheading of the same name . Administratively , part of the historic parish of Rushen , and the majority of the population , is now covered by the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary . As a result , there is an exclave of the parish district which includes the Calf of Man . Other settlements in the parish include Cregneash .'}]}, {'value': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arbory,_Castletown_&_Malew', 'summary': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew is a House of Keys constituency in the south of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Jason Moorhouse and Graham Cregeen .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': "Douglas ( Manx : Doolish ) is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man , with a population of 27,938 ( 2011 ) . It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas , and on a sweeping bay of two miles . The River Douglas forms part of the town 's harbour and main commercial port . Douglas was a small settlement until it grew rapidly as a result of links with the English port of Liverpool in the 18th century . Further population growth came in the following century , resulting during the 1860s in a staged transfer of the High Courts , the Lieutenant Governor 's residence , and finally the seat of the legislature , Tynwald , to Douglas from the ancient capital , Castletown . The town is the Island 's main hub for business , finance , legal services , shipping , transport , shopping , and entertainment . The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas ."}]}, {'value': 'town', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': 'Douglas East Douglas West Douglas North Douglas South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_East', 'summary': 'Douglas East is a House of Keys constituency in Douglas , Isle of Man . It elects 2 MHKs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Douglas_West_(constituency)', 'summary': 'Douglas West was a House of Keys constituency in Douglas , Isle of Man . It elected 2 MHKs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Douglas_North', 'summary': 'Douglas North is a House of Keys constituency in Douglas , Isle of Man . It elects 2 MHKs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Douglas_South', 'summary': 'Douglas South is a House of Keys constituency in Douglas , Isle of Man . It elects two MHKs . Although the constituency is named Douglas South , its current ( 2016 ) boundaries place it in the west rather than the south of Douglas . The following information is incomplete , and there were also probably significant boundary changes as the number of constituencies in Douglas increased from two to four .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garff', 'summary': 'Garff ( Manx : Garff ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of Lonan and Maughold . Before 1796 it also included the parish of Onchan . Administratively , since May 2016 the sheading of Garff has been covered by a single Garff local authority , a parish district , formed by merging the former village district of Laxey with the parish districts of Lonan and Maughold . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Maughold , and Lezayre in the sheading of Ayre ) . It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Baldrine and Ballabeg ( both in the parish of Lonan ) , and Ballure in the parish of Maughold .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garff', 'summary': 'Garff ( Manx : Garff ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of Lonan and Maughold . Before 1796 it also included the parish of Onchan . Administratively , since May 2016 the sheading of Garff has been covered by a single Garff local authority , a parish district , formed by merging the former village district of Laxey with the parish districts of Lonan and Maughold . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Maughold , and Lezayre in the sheading of Ayre ) . It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Baldrine and Ballabeg ( both in the parish of Lonan ) , and Ballure in the parish of Maughold .'}]}, {'value': 'Garff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garff', 'summary': 'Garff ( Manx : Garff ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of Lonan and Maughold . Before 1796 it also included the parish of Onchan . Administratively , since May 2016 the sheading of Garff has been covered by a single Garff local authority , a parish district , formed by merging the former village district of Laxey with the parish districts of Lonan and Maughold . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Maughold , and Lezayre in the sheading of Ayre ) . It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Baldrine and Ballabeg ( both in the parish of Lonan ) , and Ballure in the parish of Maughold .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'German', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_(parish)', 'summary': "German ( Manx : Carmane ) is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Glenfaba . Administratively , part of the historic parish of German is now covered by part of the town of Peel . Other settlements in the parish include St John 's ( home of the Tynwald Day ceremony ) ."}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenfaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba', 'summary': "Glenfaba ( /ɡlɛnˈfeɪbə/ glen-FAY-bə ; Manx : Glion Faba ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of German and Patrick . Historically , from 1796 until some time in the twentieth century [ year needed ] it also included the parish of Marown . Administratively , the sheading of Glenfaba also includes the town of Peel . Other settlements in the sheading include St John 's in the parish of German ( home of the Tynwald Day ceremony ) , and Dalby , Foxdale , Glen Maye and Niarbyl ( all in the parish of Patrick ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenfaba & Peel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba_&_Peel', 'summary': 'Glenfaba & Peel is a House of Keys constituency in the west of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Ray Harmer and Geoffrey Boot .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jurby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jurby', 'summary': 'Jurby ( Manx : Jorby ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north-west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Michael .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Michael ( Manx : Maayl ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Ballaugh , Jurby and Michael . Other settlements in the sheading include Barregarrow in the parish of Michael .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lezayre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lezayre', 'summary': 'Lezayre ( /ləzˈɛər/ ləz-AIR ; Manx : Creest ny h-Ayrey ) , formally Kirk Christ Lezayre , is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Ayre . Administratively , part of the historic parish of Lezayre is now part of the town of Ramsey . Other settlements in the parish include Glen Auldyn and Sulby .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre', 'summary': 'Ayre ( /ɛər/ AIR ; Manx : Inver Ayre ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the north of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Andreas , Bride and ( Kirk Christ ) Lezayre . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Lezayre , and Maughold in the sheading of Garff ) . It is treated as part of Garff for most purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Glen Auldyn and Sulby ( both in the parish of Lezayre ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malew_(parish)', 'summary': "Malew ( /məˈluː/ mə-LOO ; Manx : Malew ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) in the sheading of Rushen . Administratively , part of the historic parish of Malew is now covered by the town of Castletown . As a result , there is a small exclave of the parish district which includes Scarlett Point . Other settlements in the parish include Ballasalla , Derbyhaven and St Mark 's ."}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)', 'summary': "Rushen ( /ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən ; Manx : Rosien ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Arbory , Malew and ( Kirk Christ ) Rushen . Administratively , the sheading of Rushen also includes the town of Castletown and the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary . Other settlements in the sheading include Ballabeg , Colby and Ronague ( all in the parish of Arbory ) , Ballasalla , Derbyhaven and St Mark 's ( all in the parish of Malew ) , and Cregneash in the parish of Rushen ."}]}, {'value': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arbory,_Castletown_&_Malew', 'summary': 'Arbory , Castletown & Malew is a House of Keys constituency in the south of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Jason Moorhouse and Graham Cregeen .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marown', 'summary': 'Marown ( /məˈraʊn/ mə-ROWN , rhymes with gown ; Manx : Marooney ) is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located in the centre of the island , in the sheading of Middle , though historically , from 1796 until 1986 , it was in the sheading of Glenfaba . Settlements in the parish include Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': 'Michael ( Manx : Maayl ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Ballaugh , Jurby and Michael . Other settlements in the sheading include Barregarrow in the parish of Michael .'}]}, {'value': 'district', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Michael ( Manx : Maayl ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Ballaugh , Jurby and Michael . Other settlements in the sheading include Barregarrow in the parish of Michael .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayre & Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayre_&_Michael', 'summary': 'Ayre & Michael is a House of Keys constituency in the north of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs . It is easily the largest Keys constituency in area , and includes the parishes of Michael , Ballaugh , Jurby , Andreas , Bride and Lezayre .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Onchan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Onchan', 'summary': 'Onchan /ˈɔːŋkən/ is a village in the parish of Onchan on the Isle of Man . It is at the north end of Douglas Bay . Administratively a district , it has the second largest population of settlements on the island , after Douglas , with which it forms a conurbation . In Manx the name for the village is Kione Droghad meaning bridge end .'}]}, {'value': 'district', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_(sheading)', 'summary': 'Middle ( Manx : Medall ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the four historic parishes of Braddan , Marown , Onchan and Santon . Historically , from 1796 until 1986 Marown was in the sheading of Glenfaba , and before 1796 Onchan was in the sheading of Garff . In addition to the current districts listed above , the sheading of Middle also includes the borough of Douglas , the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man . Other settlements in the sheading include Port Soderick , Strang , Tromode and Union Mills ( all in the parish of Braddan ) , Braaid , Crosby and Glen Vine ( all in the parish of Marown ) , and Newtown in the parish of Santon .'}]}, {'value': 'Onchan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Onchan', 'summary': 'Onchan /ˈɔːŋkən/ is a village in the parish of Onchan on the Isle of Man . It is at the north end of Douglas Bay . Administratively a district , it has the second largest population of settlements on the island , after Douglas , with which it forms a conurbation . In Manx the name for the village is Kione Droghad meaning bridge end .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_(parish)', 'summary': 'Patrick ( Manx : Perick ) is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) in the sheading of Glenfaba . Administratively , a small part of the area of the historic parish of Patrick is now covered by part of the town of Peel . Other settlements in the parish include Dalby , Foxdale , Glen Maye and Niarbyl .'}]}, {'value': 'parish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenfaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba', 'summary': "Glenfaba ( /ɡlɛnˈfeɪbə/ glen-FAY-bə ; Manx : Glion Faba ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of German and Patrick . Historically , from 1796 until some time in the twentieth century [ year needed ] it also included the parish of Marown . Administratively , the sheading of Glenfaba also includes the town of Peel . Other settlements in the sheading include St John 's in the parish of German ( home of the Tynwald Day ceremony ) , and Dalby , Foxdale , Glen Maye and Niarbyl ( all in the parish of Patrick ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenfaba & Peel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba_&_Peel', 'summary': 'Glenfaba & Peel is a House of Keys constituency in the west of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Ray Harmer and Geoffrey Boot .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peel,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': "Peel ( Manx : Purt ny h-Inshey - Port of the Island ) is a seaside town and small fishing port on the Isle of Man , in the historic parish of German but administered separately . Peel is the third largest town on the island after Douglas and Ramsey but the fourth largest settlement , as Onchan has the second largest population but is classified as a village . Until 2016 ( when it was merged with Glenfaba ) Peel was also a House of Keys constituency , electing one Member of the House of Keys ( MHK ) , who , from September 2015 , was Ray Harmer . Peel has a ruined castle on St Patrick 's Isle , and a cathedral , seat of the Diocese of Sodor and Man ( the diocese was founded when Mann was ruled by the Norse ) ."}]}, {'value': 'town', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenfaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba', 'summary': "Glenfaba ( /ɡlɛnˈfeɪbə/ glen-FAY-bə ; Manx : Glion Faba ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the west of the island ( part of the traditional North Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of German and Patrick . Historically , from 1796 until some time in the twentieth century [ year needed ] it also included the parish of Marown . Administratively , the sheading of Glenfaba also includes the town of Peel . Other settlements in the sheading include St John 's in the parish of German ( home of the Tynwald Day ceremony ) , and Dalby , Foxdale , Glen Maye and Niarbyl ( all in the parish of Patrick ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenfaba & Peel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenfaba_&_Peel', 'summary': 'Glenfaba & Peel is a House of Keys constituency in the west of the Isle of Man . It was created for the 2016 general election and elects 2 MHKs ; currently Ray Harmer and Geoffrey Boot .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port Erin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Erin', 'summary': "Port Erin ( Manx : Purt Çhiarn , meaning lord 's port ) is a seaside village in the south-west of the Isle of Man , in the historic parish of Rushen . It was previously a seaside resort before the decline of the tourist trade . Administratively it is designated as a village district , with its own board of commissioners . The district covers around 1 square mile , and is adjacent to : Port St Mary to the south-east ; the main part of Rushen parish district to the north and east ; the sea to the west ; and an exclave of Rushen parish district ( including the village of Cregneash ) to the south . Following recent residential expansion , the settlement is now contiguous with that of Port St Mary , and on 18 July 2018 Tynwald authorised a public enquiry into the proposed expansion of the district boundary to include some of this expansion ."}]}, {'value': 'village', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)', 'summary': "Rushen ( /ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən ; Manx : Rosien ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Arbory , Malew and ( Kirk Christ ) Rushen . Administratively , the sheading of Rushen also includes the town of Castletown and the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary . Other settlements in the sheading include Ballabeg , Colby and Ronague ( all in the parish of Arbory ) , Ballasalla , Derbyhaven and St Mark 's ( all in the parish of Malew ) , and Cregneash in the parish of Rushen ."}]}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(constituency)', 'summary': 'Not to be confused with Rushen ( parish ) or Rushen ( sheading ) .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port St Mary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_St_Mary', 'summary': 'Port St Mary ( Manx : Purt le Moirrey or Purt-noo-Moirrey ) is a village district in the south-west of the Isle of Man . The village takes its name from the former Chapel of St Mary ( Manx : Keeill Moirrey ) which is thought to have overlooked Chapel Bay in the village . Its population is 1,953 according to the 2011 census . In the 19th century it was sometimes called Port-le-Murray .'}]}, {'value': 'village', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(sheading)', 'summary': "Rushen ( /ˈrʊʃən/ RUUSH-ən ; Manx : Rosien ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located in the south of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the three historic parishes of Arbory , Malew and ( Kirk Christ ) Rushen . Administratively , the sheading of Rushen also includes the town of Castletown and the village districts of Port Erin and Port St Mary . Other settlements in the sheading include Ballabeg , Colby and Ronague ( all in the parish of Arbory ) , Ballasalla , Derbyhaven and St Mark 's ( all in the parish of Malew ) , and Cregneash in the parish of Rushen ."}]}, {'value': 'Rushen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rushen_(constituency)', 'summary': 'Not to be confused with Rushen ( parish ) or Rushen ( sheading ) .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ramsey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': "Ramsey ( Manx : Rhumsaa Old Norse : hrams-á ) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man . It is the second largest town on the island after Douglas . Its population is 7,845 according to the 2016 census . It has one of the biggest harbours on the island , and has a prominent derelict pier , called the Queen 's Pier ( currently under restoration ) . It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland . Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots . Ramsey is also known as Royal Ramsey due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902 ."}]}, {'value': 'town', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garff', 'summary': 'Garff ( Manx : Garff ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man . It is located on the east of the island ( part of the traditional South Side division ) and consists of the two historic parishes of Lonan and Maughold . Before 1796 it also included the parish of Onchan . Administratively , since May 2016 the sheading of Garff has been covered by a single Garff local authority , a parish district , formed by merging the former village district of Laxey with the parish districts of Lonan and Maughold . The town of Ramsey , which is administered separately , covers areas of two historic parishes ( Maughold , and Lezayre in the sheading of Ayre ) . It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes , e.g . the coroner . Other settlements in the sheading include Baldrine and Ballabeg ( both in the parish of Lonan ) , and Ballure in the parish of Maughold .'}]}, {'value': 'Ramsey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramsey,_Isle_of_Man', 'summary': "Ramsey ( Manx : Rhumsaa Old Norse : hrams-á ) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man . It is the second largest town on the island after Douglas . Its population is 7,845 according to the 2016 census . It has one of the biggest harbours on the island , and has a prominent derelict pier , called the Queen 's Pier ( currently under restoration ) . It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland . Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots . Ramsey is also known as Royal Ramsey due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Local government today', 'section_text': '( The sheadings are not local government units today . )', 'uid': 'Local_government_in_the_Isle_of_Man_0', 'intro': 'Local government (Manx: gurneilys ynnydagh) in the Isle of Man was formerly based on six sheadings, which were divided into seventeen parishes (today referred to as ancient parishes). The island is today divided for local government purposes into town districts, village districts, parish districts, and districts, as follows:'}
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What local authority is also known by another name due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902 ?
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Ramsey
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02f63cf33c1d5e13
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(North_America)', 'title': 'List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (North America)', 'header': ['Title', 'Publisher', 'Developer ( s )', 'Release Date', 'ESRB'], 'data': [{'value': 'Yoshis Island DS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshi’s_Island_DS', 'summary': "Yoshi 's Island DS , later released in Japan as Yoshi Island DS ( ヨッシー アイランド DS , Yosshī Airando Dī Esu ) , is a platforming video game developed by Artoon for the Nintendo DS . Published by Nintendo , it was released in North America and Australasia in November 2006 , in Europe in December 2006 , and in Japan in March 2007 . It is the sequel to the 1995 SNES game , Super Mario World 2 : Yoshi 's Island . Announced at Nintendo 's E3 press conference in May 2006 , the game was well received by critics , scoring an average of 81% on Metacritic 's aggregate . The game was originally to be titled Yoshi 's Island 2 , though its name was changed one month before its North American release . On April 1 , 2015 , the game was made available for the Wii U via the Virtual Console service shortly after a Nintendo Direct presentation . The game 's story focuses on the Yoshi clan as they attempt to rescue newborn children who have been kidnapped by Kamek . Yoshi 's Island DS uses the same updated graphical style as Yoshi Touch & Go but retains the same core gameplay as its Super Nintendo Entertainment System predecessor ; but whereas the SNES game featured only Baby Mario and Baby Luigi , DS introduces Baby Peach , Baby Donkey Kong , and Baby Wario , while allowing the player to control Baby Bowser . Each baby bestows a different ability upon Yoshi . The objective of the game is to use these abilities to progress through various themed worlds . An interquel , Yoshi 's New Island , was released for the Nintendo 3DS in March 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Artoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Artoon', 'summary': "Artoon ( 株式会社アートゥーン Kabushiki-Gaisha Ātūn ) was a video game developer established in 1999 . It became a subsidiary of AQ Interactive in May 2004 and became a wholly owned subsidiary in June 2005 . The team was primarily affiliated in the United States with Microsoft Xbox and Xbox 360 projects , although they had also worked with Hudson Soft and Nintendo on other platforms . Key Artoon personnel include Yoji Ishii , Manabu Kusunoki , Hidetoshi Takeshita , Yutaka Sugano , Masamichi Harada , Takuya Matsumoto and Naoto Ohshima . When the company formed , it drew personnel and talent from several of Sega 's development teams , particularly those which worked on Sonic the Hedgehog ( created by Ōshima ) , and Panzer Dragoon . [ citation needed ] The developer had approximately 85 employees . The company 's focus was to create original game content for various consoles . Artoon became defunct when the parent company , AQ Interactive , filed for bankruptcy . Artoon was situated in Yokohama , Kanagawa prefecture , Japan . A secondary studio was maintained in Naha , Okinawa prefecture , Japan . Artoon , along with feelplus and Cavia , were all absorbed into parent company AQ Interactive ."}]}, {'value': 'April 1 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WarioWare : Touched !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WarioWare:_Touched!', 'summary': "WarioWare : Touched ! [ a ] is a minigame compilation party video game released by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . The fourth installment of the WarioWare series , and the first of three on the Nintendo DS , the game involves rapidly completing microgames - simple minigames lasting extremely short periods of time - as quickly as possible . The microgames are exclusively controlled with the Nintendo DS 's touchscreen and microphone . Developed by Intelligent Systems and Nintendo SPD and published worldwide by Nintendo , the game was developed simultaneously with WarioWare : Twisted ! . The game was created to utilize the touchscreen functions of the Nintendo DS . WarioWare : Touched ! was released in December 2004 in Japan , in February 2005 in both North America and Australia and in March of the same year in Europe . Touched ! was a launch title for the Japanese , Australian and European markets . The game was positively received upon its release , with reviewers praising it for its fast-paced gameplay akin to other WarioWare titles , but were disappointed with its brevity . Touched !"}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Intelligent Systems', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intelligent_Systems', 'summary': "Intelligent Systems Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese video game developer closely affiliated with Nintendo and best known for developing the Fire Emblem , Paper Mario , WarioWare , and Wars series . Originally , the company was headquartered at the Nintendo Kyoto Research Center in Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto , but later moved to a building near Nintendo 's main headquarters in October 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoshi Touch & Go', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshi_Touch_&_Go', 'summary': 'Yoshi Touch & Go , known in Japan as Catch ! Touch ! Yoshi ! ( キャッチ ! タッチ ! ヨッシー ! , Kyatchi ! Tatchi ! Yosshī ! ) , is a video game that was developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . It debuted in Japan on January 27 , 2005 , in North America on March 14 , 2005 , and in Europe on May 6 , 2005 . As of August 2007 , the game sold 197,337 copies in Japan . Yoshi Touch & Go was produced by Takashi Tezuka and directed by Hiroyuki Kimura . It was one of the launch titles for the DS in Japan . The game was released on the Wii U Virtual Console in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo EAD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_EAD', 'summary': "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division [ e ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD , formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department , [ f ] was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo . It was preceded by the Creative Department , a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks , to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged . Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division , with varying degrees of involvement . Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong , Mario , The Legend of Zelda , F-Zero , Star Fox , Animal Crossing , Pikmin and Wii series . Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata , the division merged with Nintendo 's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015 , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario Kart DS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Kart_DS', 'summary': "Mario Kart DS [ a ] is a go-kart racing video game developed and published by Nintendo . It was released for the Nintendo DS handheld game console on November 14 , 2005 in North America , on November 17 , 2005 in Australia , on November 25 , 2005 in Europe , on December 8 , 2005 in Japan , and on April 5 , 2007 in South Korea . The game is the fifth installment in the Mario Kart series of video games , and the first to be playable via the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection online service ; the service has since been terminated , along with other games playable via the service . Like other games in the series , Mario Kart DS features characters from the Mario series , and pits them against each other as they race in karts on tracks based on locations in the Mario series . The game was very well received , receiving an aggregated score of 91% from Metacritic . Praise focused on the game 's graphics and gameplay , while criticism targeted its repetitive single-player mode . Mario Kart DS received several awards , including Editors ' Choice Awards from GameSpot and IGN , G-Phoria 's Best Handheld Game award , and IGN 's Best Racing/Driving Game . Mario Kart DS was the best-selling game in its first month of release , and also held that position the following month . Overall , Mario Kart DS is the third best-selling game for the Nintendo DS as of March 2016 , with 23.60 million units sold worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo EAD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_EAD', 'summary': "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division [ e ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD , formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department , [ f ] was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo . It was preceded by the Creative Department , a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks , to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged . Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division , with varying degrees of involvement . Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong , Mario , The Legend of Zelda , F-Zero , Star Fox , Animal Crossing , Pikmin and Wii series . Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata , the division merged with Nintendo 's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015 , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'April 23 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Super Mario Bros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Super_Mario_Bros.', 'summary': "New Super Mario Bros. [ a ] is a 2D side-scrolling platform game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . It was first released in May 2006 in North America and Japan , and in PAL regions the following month , It is a part of the New Super Mario Bros. subseries of the Super Mario franchise , and follows Mario as he fights his way through Bowser 's henchmen to rescue Princess Peach . Mario has access to several power-ups that help him complete his quest , including the Super Mushroom , the Fire Flower , and the Starman , each giving him unique abilities . While traveling through eight worlds with a total of 80 levels , Mario must defeat Bowser Jr. and Bowser before saving Princess Peach . New Super Mario Bros was commercially successful and received positive reviews ; praise went towards its improvements made to the Mario franchise , while criticism was targeted at its simplicity and similarity to previous games . It sold over 30 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling game for the Nintendo DS and one of the best-selling video games of all time . The game 's success led to a line of sequels released for the Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Wii U , and Nintendo Switch ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo EAD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_EAD', 'summary': "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division [ e ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD , formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department , [ f ] was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo . It was preceded by the Creative Department , a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks , to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged . Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division , with varying degrees of involvement . Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong , Mario , The Legend of Zelda , F-Zero , Star Fox , Animal Crossing , Pikmin and Wii series . Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata , the division merged with Nintendo 's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015 , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario & Luigi : Partners in Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_&_Luigi:_Partners_in_Time', 'summary': "Mario & Luigi : Partners in Time [ a ] is a role-playing video game developed by AlphaDream and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console in 2005 . It is the second game in the Mario & Luigi series , and is the prequel/sequel to Mario & Luigi : Superstar Saga for the Game Boy Advance . The game was followed by Mario & Luigi : Bowser 's Inside Story , released in 2009 . The game was later re-released for Wii U as a Virtual Console title in 2015 , available for purchase from Nintendo eShop . Although the prequel/sequel to Superstar Saga , the game 's plot is completely unrelated to that of its predecessor with more emphasis on the time-traveling theme , which involves the protagonists traveling in between the past and present of the Mushroom Kingdom . The adventure follows Mario , Baby Mario , Luigi , and Baby Luigi while they search for Princess Peach , who has been abducted by an alien species only known as the Shroobs . The gameplay centers on the co-operation between the quartet , who must use their specific qualities and skills to solve puzzles to progress through and features multiple role-playing game elements , but with a turn-based battle system focused on timing accuracy . The game is considerably darker in tone than its predecessor , especially in its plot and themes . Partners in Time was critically acclaimed by the media , gaining an aggregate score of 86 from Metacritic . Like its predecessor , the game was praised by critics for its characterization and comical style , as well as its use of the DS 's dual screen and the rumble feature ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'AlphaDream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AlphaDream', 'summary': "AlphaDream Corporation , Ltd. [ a ] ( formerly known as AlphaStar [ b ] ) was a video game development company founded in 2000 by Tetsuo Mizuno in Tokyo , Japan . In partnership with Nintendo , it produced software for the Game Boy Color , Game Boy Advance , Nintendo DS , Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo Switch , including the Mario & Luigi series . The company 's staff included prominent former developers from Square , such as Chihiro Fujioka . On October 1 , 2019 , AlphaDream was shut down after declaring bankruptcy ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Fox Command', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Fox_Command', 'summary': "Star Fox Command ( Japanese : スターフォックス コマンド , Hepburn : Sutā Fokkusu Komando ) is a shoot 'em up video game , the fifth game in the Star Fox series , published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS in 2006 and 2007 . It was announced at the E3 2005 conference , under the name Star Fox DS . Command is the first Star Fox game for a handheld , and supports the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection , making it the first online Star Fox game . The game follows Fox McCloud attempting to defend the galaxy from aliens known as the Anglar . Q-Games originally worked on Intersect , which Nintendo decided to turn into a DS game . The game was generally well-received ; it has achieved an average score of 76% from GameRankings , a reviews aggregate ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo EAD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_EAD', 'summary': "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division [ e ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD , formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department , [ f ] was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo . It was preceded by the Creative Department , a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks , to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged . Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division , with varying degrees of involvement . Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong , Mario , The Legend of Zelda , F-Zero , Star Fox , Animal Crossing , Pikmin and Wii series . Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata , the division merged with Nintendo 's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015 , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DK : Jungle Climber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DK_Jungle_Climber', 'summary': 'DK : Jungle Climber [ a ] is a platforming video game developed by Paon and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console . It was released in Japan on August 9 , 2007 and in western territories over the rest of autumn 2007 . DK : Jungle Climber is the sequel to DK : King of Swing for the Game Boy Advance , featuring similar gameplay . However , the visuals have been designed to more closely resemble Donkey Kong Country and add dual screen support .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 23 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirby : Squeak Squad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirby:_Squeak_Squad', 'summary': 'Kirby : Squeak Squad JPN EUR KOR is a platforming video game in the Kirby series developed by HAL Laboratory and Flagship and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console . The game was released in Japan and North America in 2006 , and in Europe , Australia and in South Korea in 2007 . The game was later released for the Wii U Virtual Console on July 30 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'HAL Laboratory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HAL_Laboratory', 'summary': 'HAL Laboratory , Inc. is a Japanese video game developer founded on February 21 , 1980 . While it is officially independent , it has been closely affiliated with Nintendo throughout its history . The company is headquartered in Chiyoda , Tokyo , and it also has a building at Kai , Yamanashi . The company got its name because each letter put them one step ahead of IBM . The company is most famous for their work on the Kirby and Mother series , as well as the first Super Smash Bros. game . The logo , Inutamago ( Japanese : 犬たまご Dog Eggs ) depicts a dog incubating eggs .'}]}, {'value': 'July 30 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big Brain Academy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Brain_Academy', 'summary': "Big Brain Academy [ a ] is a puzzle video game published and developed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console . It was first released in Japan on June 30 , 2005 , and was later released in North America on June 5 , 2006 , in Australia on July 5 , 2006 , and in Europe on July 7 , 2006 . The game was planned to be released in China for the iQue DS system , and even appeared in the system 's trailer , but this release was cancelled for unknown reasons . It has been compared to Brain Age : Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day ! . It is marketed under Nintendo 's Touch ! Generations brand . A sequel , Big Brain Academy : Wii Degree , was released on the Wii in April 2007 . The TV advertisements for Big Brain Academy were not only to debut the game , but also the Nintendo DS Lite system itself . It is also a board game ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'February 11 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brain Age : Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brain_Age:_Train_Your_Brain_in_Minutes_a_Day!', 'summary': "Brain Age : Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day ! , [ a ] also known as Dr. Kawashima 's Brain Training : How Old Is Your Brain ? in PAL regions , and Daily DS Brain Training [ b ] in South Korea , is an entertainment puzzle video game . It was developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . Nintendo has stated that it is an entertainment product 'inspired ' by Ryuta Kawashima 's work in the neurosciences . It was first released in Japan , and later released in North America , Europe , Australia , and South Korea . It was followed by a sequel titled Brain Age 2 : More Training in Minutes a Day ! , and was later followed by two redesigns and Brain Age Express for the Nintendo DSi 's DSiWare service which uses popular puzzles from these titles as well as several new puzzles , and Brain Age : Concentration Training for Nintendo 3DS . A new installment in the series , Brain Age : Nintendo Switch Training , for the Nintendo Switch , is planned for release in Japan on December 27 , 2019 . Brain Age features a variety of puzzles , including stroop tests , mathematical questions , and Sudoku puzzles , all designed to help keep certain parts of the brain active . It was included in the Touch ! Generations series of video games , a series which features games for a more casual gaming audience . Brain Age uses the touch screen and microphone for many puzzles . It has received both commercial and critical success , selling 19.01 million copies worldwide ( as of September 30 , 2015 ) and has received multiple awards for its quality and innovation ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo SPD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_SPD', 'summary': "Nintendo Software Planning & Development Division [ a ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo SPD , was a research , planning and development division housed inside the Nintendo Development Center in Kyoto , Japan . The division had two departments : Software Planning & Development Department , which primarily co-produced games with external developers ; and Software Development & Design Department , which primarily developed experimental and system software . The division was created during a corporate restructuring in September 2003 , with the abolition of the Nintendo R & D1 and Nintendo R & D2 departments . The group had the task of independently developing innovative games , assisting other development teams on projects , and managing overseas production of first-party franchises . Both SPD and SDD departments were divided into four separate groups , which worked concurrently on different projects . In September 2015 , Nintendo SPD merged with Nintendo 's other software development division , Entertainment Analysis & Development ( EAD ) , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'April 14 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario Party DS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Party_DS', 'summary': 'Mario Party DS ( Japanese : マリオパーティDS , Hepburn : Mario Paati Dī Esu ) is a 2007 party video game for the Nintendo DS . It is a title in the Mario Party series , and was released in Japan on November 8 , 2007 , in North America on November 19 , 2007 , in Europe on November 23 , 2007 , and in Australia on December 6 , 2007 . It is the last Mario Party game developed by Hudson Soft , who was taken over by Nd Cube for development in 2012 . It was also released on the Virtual Console for the Wii U in April 2016 . Mario Party DS was followed by Mario Party 9 for the Wii .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': 'April 21 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Style Savvy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Style_Savvy', 'summary': 'Style Savvy , known as Nintendo presents : Style Boutique in the PAL region and as Wagamama Fashion : Girls Mode [ a ] in Japan , is a fashion video game developed by Syn Sophia and published by Nintendo . It was released for the Nintendo DS on October 23 , 2008 in Japan , on October 23 , 2009 in Europe , and November 2 , 2009 in North America . The game is followed up by three sequels for the Nintendo 3DS called Style Savvy : Trendsetters , Style Savvy : Fashion Forward , and Style Savvy : Styling Star .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo SPD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_SPD', 'summary': "Nintendo Software Planning & Development Division [ a ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo SPD , was a research , planning and development division housed inside the Nintendo Development Center in Kyoto , Japan . The division had two departments : Software Planning & Development Department , which primarily co-produced games with external developers ; and Software Development & Design Department , which primarily developed experimental and system software . The division was created during a corporate restructuring in September 2003 , with the abolition of the Nintendo R & D1 and Nintendo R & D2 departments . The group had the task of independently developing innovative games , assisting other development teams on projects , and managing overseas production of first-party franchises . Both SPD and SDD departments were divided into four separate groups , which worked concurrently on different projects . In September 2015 , Nintendo SPD merged with Nintendo 's other software development division , Entertainment Analysis & Development ( EAD ) , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'May 5 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Legend of Zelda : Phantom Hourglass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Phantom_Hourglass', 'summary': "The Legend of Zelda : Phantom Hourglass [ a ] is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console . It is the fourteenth installment in The Legend of Zelda series and the direct sequel to the 2002 GameCube title The Wind Waker . Phantom Hourglass was released in Japan in June 2007 ; in North America , Australia , and Europe in October 2007 ; and in Korea in April 2008 . The game was re-released for the Wii U via the Virtual Console service in the PAL region in November 2015 and in North America in May 2016 . It earned a sequel , The Legend of Zelda : Spirit Tracks in 2009 . The game features 3D cel-shaded graphics with an overhead camera perspective , employs controls involving the console 's touchscreen and microphone , and took advantage of the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection for online play until the service was discontinued in 2014 . The game 's story follows that of The Wind Waker , focusing on series protagonist Link 's journey to save his friend Tetra from the story 's antagonist , Bellum , with the help of Captain Linebeck and his ship , the S.S. Linebeck . Critics were highly positive towards Phantom Hourglass . Its control scheme was praised , while criticism focused on its online features , which were considered too simple . The game received several video game industry awards , including the Nintendo DS Game of the Year award from GameSpot , GameSpy , and IGN . Phantom Hourglass was the best-selling game in its first month in Japan , with 302,887 copies sold . In the United States , it was the fifth best-selling game in the month it debuted , with 262,800 copies sold ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo EAD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_EAD', 'summary': "Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division [ e ] , commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD , formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department , [ f ] was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo . It was preceded by the Creative Department , a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks , to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged . Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division , with varying degrees of involvement . Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong , Mario , The Legend of Zelda , F-Zero , Star Fox , Animal Crossing , Pikmin and Wii series . Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata , the division merged with Nintendo 's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015 , becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development ."}]}, {'value': 'May 12 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metroid Prime Hunters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metroid_Prime_Hunters', 'summary': "Metroid Prime Hunters is a first-person action-adventure video game published by Nintendo and developed by its Redmond-based subsidiary Nintendo Software Technology for the Nintendo DS handheld game console . It was released in North America in March 2006 , with other territories later . It is a part of the Metroid series , and the story takes place between the events of Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 2 : Echoes . Players assume the role of series protagonist Samus Aran , a bounty hunter who investigates a mysterious message that originated from the Alimbic Cluster . The game contains more first-person shooter aspects than the previous titles in the Metroid Prime series , with removal of assisted aiming , more action-oriented gameplay , and various multiplayer modes . It was created to utilize the Nintendo DS hardware , such as Wi-Fi and voice chat capabilities , and introduced other bounty hunters with unique weapons and alternative forms . Metroid Prime Hunters was announced by Nintendo at the 2004 Electronic Entertainment Expo . A pack-in demo version of the game , titled Metroid Prime Hunters : First Hunt , was included with the Nintendo DS when it launched in November 2004 . Reviews were generally favorable towards the game ; praise focused on its gameplay and graphics , while criticism targeted its control scheme . It also received several honors ; including an Editors ' Choice award from IGN , which also named the game the Best DS Action Game of 2006 , while Nintendo Power gave it awards for Best Graphics , Best Shooter/Action Game , and Best Wi-Fi Functionality . Over 410,000 copies of the game were sold in North America in its first month of release , and it was the fourth best-selling game during its debut month in Japan . Metroid Prime Hunters was re-released on the Wii U 's Virtual Console service in Japan in 2015 , and in North America and Europe the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo Software Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_Software_Technology', 'summary': "Nintendo Software Technology ( or NST ) is an American video game developer . NST was created by Nintendo as a first-party developer to create games for the North American market , though their games have also been released in other territories such as Europe and Japan . Although the development team is based in North America , there is a traditional Nintendo and Japanese-centric design applied to the development of the software . Co-founders Scott Tsumura and Claude Comair retired in 2002 and 2006 , respectively . NST is currently headed by Shigeki Yamashiro , and is located inside of Nintendo of America 's headquarters in Redmond , Washington . Nintendo made the decision of transplanting several members of their development team in Japan over to America . NST also recruited several veterans from companies such as Rockstar Games , Electronic Arts , and Microsoft to further complete their development talent ."}]}, {'value': 'June 2 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wario : Master of Disguise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wario:_Master_of_Disguise', 'summary': 'Wario : Master of Disguise [ a ] is a platform game developed by Suzak , and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . The game was released on January 18 , 2007 in Japan , and on March 5 in North America . Its Japanese title refers to the fact that he has seven forms ( other than his normal Thief form ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Suzak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suzak_Inc.', 'summary': 'Suzak Inc. ( 株式会社朱雀 , Kabushiki-gaisha Suzaku ) was a video game development company based in Japan . Suzak worked with Nintendo to create games based on their intellectual property , such as Wario : Master of Disguise and F-Zero Climax . They created numerous games for PlayStation 2 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS . On August 17 , 2012 , they filed for bankruptcy . The approximate amount of debt at the time was 700 million yen .'}]}, {'value': 'June 9 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Blue Rescue Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pokémon_Mystery_Dungeon:_Blue_Rescue_Team_and_Red_Rescue_Team', 'summary': 'Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Blue Rescue Team [ a ] and Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Red Rescue Team [ b ] are a matched pair of Pokémon games for the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance , respectively . These two games were developed by Chunsoft , published by The Pokémon Company , and distributed by Nintendo . Red Rescue Team was the last Pokémon-themed video game to be released on the Game Boy Advance . The two versions are mostly identical , with Blue Rescue Team taking advantage of the dual-screen features and increased graphical and sound capabilities of the Nintendo DS . The game has six Pokémon exclusive to each version . Similar to other Mystery Dungeon titles , the roguelike gameplay revolves around randomly changing dungeons which need to be explored by the player and their partner Pokémon using turn-based moves . The story focuses on the player who has been turned into a Pokémon and has developed amnesia who later joins a rescue team with a partner Pokémon while finding out who they are . As of July 25 , 2007 , Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Blue Rescue Team had sold 3.08 million copies worldwide . Two sequels , Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness , were released in Japan on September 13 , 2007 , and in North America on April 20 , 2008 . They featured Generation IV Pokémon , improved Wi-Fi features , and more touchscreen options . The games received moderately positive reviews , with praise for their originality , while their gameplay and poor visuals were criticized . By 2007 , the two games had accumulated lifetime sales of over 5.25 million copies .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chunsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chunsoft', 'summary': 'Spike Chunsoft Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社スパイク・チュンソフト , Hepburn : Kabushikigaisha Supaiku Chunsofuto ) is a Japanese video game development and localization company specializing in role-playing game ( RPG ) , visual novel ( VN ) and adventure game ( ADV ) titles . The company was founded in 1984 as Chunsoft Co. , Ltd and merged with Spike in 2012 . It is owned by Dwango . They created RPGs such as the first five Dragon Quest installments and the Mystery Dungeon franchise as Chunsoft , and the Conception series as Spike Chunsoft . They also created VN and ADV titles such as The Portopia Serial Murder Case , the Sound Novel series ( consisting of Otogirisō , Kamaitachi no Yoru , Machi and 428 : Shibuya Scramble ) and the Zero Escape series as Chunsoft , and the Danganronpa franchise as Spike Chunsoft .'}]}, {'value': 'June 23 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pokémon_Mystery_Dungeon:_Explorers_of_Sky', 'summary': "Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Time [ a ] and Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Darkness [ b ] are a matched pair of Pokémon games for the Nintendo DS . The two games were released in Japan on September 13 , 2007 , and were released in North America on April 20 , 2008 . They were released in Europe on July 4 , 2008 . A third version , Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Sky , [ c ] was released in 2009 . As a sequel to Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Blue Rescue Team , new features include the addition of Generation IV Pokémon , improved Wi-Fi functionality , and more touch-screen options . 491 of the 493 Pokémon are featured , as Shaymin and Arceus were not officially released at the time of the game 's launch . A 21-minute TV special based on the game starring Kurumi Mamiya aired in Japan on September 9 , 2007 as a content of the program relating Pokémon , Pokémon Sunday produced by TV Tokyo Corporation . It was later dubbed in English in 2008 . In terms of gameplay and premise , the Explorers installments are largely similar to their Rescue Team predecessors ; where a human-turned-Pokémon joins an Exploration Society and explores shifting dungeons , fighting hostile Pokémon through turn-based combat . In terms of critical review , the games received praise for their storyline and Wi-Fi functionality , but were criticized for repetitive gameplay . As of 2010 , the three games had accumulated worldwide sales in excess of 5.9 million copies ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chunsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chunsoft', 'summary': 'Spike Chunsoft Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社スパイク・チュンソフト , Hepburn : Kabushikigaisha Supaiku Chunsofuto ) is a Japanese video game development and localization company specializing in role-playing game ( RPG ) , visual novel ( VN ) and adventure game ( ADV ) titles . The company was founded in 1984 as Chunsoft Co. , Ltd and merged with Spike in 2012 . It is owned by Dwango . They created RPGs such as the first five Dragon Quest installments and the Mystery Dungeon franchise as Chunsoft , and the Conception series as Spike Chunsoft . They also created VN and ADV titles such as The Portopia Serial Murder Case , the Sound Novel series ( consisting of Otogirisō , Kamaitachi no Yoru , Machi and 428 : Shibuya Scramble ) and the Zero Escape series as Chunsoft , and the Danganronpa franchise as Spike Chunsoft .'}]}, {'value': 'June 23 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pokémon Ranger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pokémon_Ranger', 'summary': 'Pokémon Ranger ( ポケモンレンジャー , Pokémon Renjā ) is an action role-playing video game developed by HAL Laboratory and Creatures Inc. , published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS video game console . The game was released at various dates , varying between continents . The game was released in Japan on March 23 , 2006 ; in North America and Australia during 2006 and in Europe in April 2007 . It was released on the European Wii U Virtual Console on February 25 , 2016 . Pokémon Ranger is compatible with Pokémon Diamond and Pearl , Platinum , HeartGold and SoulSilver allowing players to transfer the egg of the legendary Pokémon Manaphy to those games . This game is set in the Fiore region .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'HAL Laboratory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HAL_Laboratory', 'summary': 'HAL Laboratory , Inc. is a Japanese video game developer founded on February 21 , 1980 . While it is officially independent , it has been closely affiliated with Nintendo throughout its history . The company is headquartered in Chiyoda , Tokyo , and it also has a building at Kai , Yamanashi . The company got its name because each letter put them one step ahead of IBM . The company is most famous for their work on the Kirby and Mother series , as well as the first Super Smash Bros. game . The logo , Inutamago ( Japanese : 犬たまご Dog Eggs ) depicts a dog incubating eggs .'}]}, {'value': 'July 21 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirby : Mass Attack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirby:_Mass_Attack', 'summary': 'Kirby Mass Attack [ a ] is a Lemmings styled platform game in the Kirby series developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS , which released worldwide in late 2011 . The game was later released for the Wii U Virtual Console on July 28 , 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'HAL Laboratory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HAL_Laboratory', 'summary': 'HAL Laboratory , Inc. is a Japanese video game developer founded on February 21 , 1980 . While it is officially independent , it has been closely affiliated with Nintendo throughout its history . The company is headquartered in Chiyoda , Tokyo , and it also has a building at Kai , Yamanashi . The company got its name because each letter put them one step ahead of IBM . The company is most famous for their work on the Kirby and Mother series , as well as the first Super Smash Bros. game . The logo , Inutamago ( Japanese : 犬たまご Dog Eggs ) depicts a dog incubating eggs .'}]}, {'value': 'July 28 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Available titles -- Nintendo DS', 'section_text': 'These titles were originally released for use on the Nintendo DS , which was launched in 2004 . There are 31 games available to purchase . [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(North_America)_4', 'intro': "This is a list of Virtual Console games that are available on Wii U in North America. These releases take advantage of the console's unique features, such as Off TV Play with the Wii U GamePad and posting to Miiverse. Some of these games may already be available on the Wii Virtual Console, which can also be played through Wii U's Wii Mode, but these legacy versions lack some features of the Wii U Virtual Console. While Wii Virtual Console titles cannot be played using the Wii U GamePad's controls, a September 2013 system update enabled the use of the GamePad's screen as a display. While some Wii games are also available for download from the Wii U eShop, these are not designated as Virtual Console releases and lack Virtual Console features. The list is sorted by system and in the order in which they were added in Nintendo eShop for Wii U. To sort by other columns, click the corresponding icon in the header row."}
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Who was the developer of the game whose name was changed one month before its North American release ?
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Artoon
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02f74179a7eb6b85
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PE_postcode_area', 'title': 'PE postcode area', 'header': ['Postcode district', 'Post town', 'Coverage', 'Local authority area'], 'data': [{'value': 'PE1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peterborough , Dogsthorpe , Eastfield , Eastgate , Fengate , Newark , Parnwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dogsthorpe,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Dogsthorpe is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 9,620 . Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service maintain a fire station , crewed day and night and equipped with Water Tender , Rescue Vehicle and Aerial Platform , on Dogsthorpe Road . Dogsthorpe County Infant and Junior and All Saints Church of England ( Voluntary Aided ) Junior schools are located in the area ; following the closure of John Mansfield School in July 2007 , secondary pupils attend the Thomas Deacon Academy which opened in September 2007 . Marshfields , a special school for pupils aged 10-19 with moderate learning difficulties , is also located here .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eastfield,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Eastfield is a residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire , in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it comprises part of Peterborough East ward , together with Fengate and Parnwell . In 2001 it had a resident population of 8,424 . Of a total 3,824 households , 52.88% are owner occupied , compared to 66.30% in the Peterborough unitary authority area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eastgate,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Eastgate is a residential area , immediately to the east of Peterborough Cathedral and west of Fengate , in the county of Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it forms part of Peterborough Central ward . Bishop Creighton County Primary School is located in the area ; following the closure of nearby Hereward Community College in July 2007 , secondary pupils attend the Thomas Deacon Academy which opened in September 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fengate,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it forms part of Peterborough East ward . The industrial estate is known as Eastern Industry . Peterborough Power Station is located here . Flag Fen , the Bronze Age archaeological site , was discovered here in 1982 when a team led by Dr. Francis Pryor carried out a survey of dykes in the area . Probably religious , it comprises many poles arranged in five long rows , connecting Whittlesey with Peterborough across the wet fenland . This structure has been compared in rarity and importance to the Balbridie site in Aberdeenshire . The museum exhibits many of the artefacts found , including what is believed to be the oldest wheel in Britain . An exposed section of the Roman road known as the Fen Causeway also crosses the site .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Newark,_Peterborough', 'summary': "Newark was a hamlet of the parish of Saint Mary the Virgin in the Soke of Peterborough in the United Kingdom . One mile and a half ( 2.4 km ) north-east-by-east from the city centre ; a portion was incorporated with the municipal borough in 1874 . The remainder formed part of Peterborough Rural District from 1894 until 1926 when the city 's boundaries were extended to include the civil parish of Peterborough Without ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Parnwell,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Parnwell is residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom , lying adjacent to the old Newark Village . For electoral purposes it forms part of Peterborough East ward . Parnwell County Primary School is located in the area ; following the closure of nearby Hereward Community College in July 2007 , secondary pupils attend the flagship Thomas Deacon Academy which opened in September 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peterborough', 'summary': 'Peterborough ( /ˈpiːtərbərə , -ˌbʌrə/ ( listen ) ) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire , England , with a population of 202,110 in 2017 . Historically part of Northamptonshire , it is 76 miles ( 122 km ) north of London , on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles ( 48 km ) to the north-east . The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh . The city is also 70 miles ( 110 km ) east of Birmingham , 38 miles ( 61 km ) east of Leicester , 81 miles ( 130 km ) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles ( 105 km ) west of Norwich . The local topography is flat , and in some places the land lies below sea level , for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough . Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age , as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre , also with evidence of Roman occupation . The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery , Medeshamstede , which later became Peterborough Cathedral . The population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century , and Peterborough became an industrial centre , particularly known for its brick manufacture . After the Second World War , growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s . Housing and population are expanding and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way . Industrial employment has fallen since then , a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution .'}]}, {'value': 'PE2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alwalton , Fletton , The Ortons , Stanground , Woodston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alwalton', 'summary': 'Alwalton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Alwalton lies approximately 5 miles ( 8 km ) west of Peterborough . Alwalton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . The village lies north west of Yaxley , overlooking the southern bank of the River Nene and close to the line of Ermine Street or the A1 road and the A605 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fletton,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Fletton is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire , England . For parliamentary purposes it falls within North West Cambridgeshire constituency . The area , which has given its name to Fletton brick , is home to Peterborough United F.C. , who play at London Road Stadium .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Orton,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Orton is a mostly residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it comprises Orton Longueville , Orton Waterville and Orton with Hampton wards in North West Cambridgeshire constituency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stanground,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Stanground is a residential area in the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it comprises Stanground South and Fletton & Stanground wards in North West Cambridgeshire constituency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Woodston,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Woodston is a largely residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes , it forms part of Fletton ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peterborough , Bretton , Longthorpe , Netherton , Ravensthorpe , Westwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bretton,_Peterborough', 'summary': "Bretton is a Township and civil parish on the North western edge of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . Bretton has been designed as a green environment ; the major roads are tree-lined and there are several large parks and playing fields . It consists of two main areas ; North Bretton and South Bretton , these are divided by Bretton Centre . North Bretton has the larger population and is home to the industrial estates and most leisure facilities as well as the Crematorium . The main entrance to Milton Hall is from Bretton way in South Bretton and Nene Park is accessed via an under pass beneath the A47 . Bretton Centre 's main building is The Cresset multi-purpose venue , holding a large stage and seating , shops , a church , children 's entertainment and places to eat . Bretton centre was heavily redeveloped in 2005/6 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Longthorpe,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Longthorpe is a village in the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire , in the United Kingdom . Located two miles ( 3.2 km ) west from the city centre , the area covers 1,390 acres ( 560 hectares ) . For electoral purposes it forms part of Peterborough West ward . A 1st century Roman fort was established at Longthorpe , it may have been as early as around AD 44-48 but was certainly present by 61-62 . The first phase covered 27 acres ( 11 ha ) , this was later replaced by another fort measuring 11 acres ( 4.5 ha ) . The ecclesiastical parish was formed in 1850 from the parish of Saint John the Baptist . The church of Saint Botolph is a plain building of coarse rubble , dating from the 13th century , consisting of chancel , nave , aisles and a western bell cote , containing one bell . In the chancel is a piscina and aumbry , two other brackets and a piscina are in the south aisle and two brackets in the north aisle . The church was restored in 1869 and will seat about 200 persons . The register dates from the year 1837 ; the earlier register is included in that of St. John the Baptist , Peterborough . Objections to controversial works were raised by the Victorian Society , Historic England and the Twentieth Century Society in 2017 . Oliver St John , a Lord Chief Justice who supported Parliament in the civil war , bought the lease of the manor of Longthorpe and built Thorpe Hall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Netherton,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'N/A'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ravensthorpe,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Ravensthorpe is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . Ravensthorpe County Primary School is located in the area ; secondary pupils attend nearby Jack Hunt School in Netherton .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Westwood,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Westwood is a residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it forms part of Ravensthorpe ward . Manufacturers of industrial machinery , Baker Perkins , relocated here from London in 1903 . HMP Peterborough , the first purpose-built prison to house both men and women , opened on the site of the former engineering works in 2005 . The construction of the estate began in the mid 1960s on land formerly in use as RAF Peterborough , a Second World War training base for allied and Commonwealth pilots . The adjacent Westwood Farm , formerly Horrells Dairies , is now home to the New Covent Garden Soup Company . Highlees County Primary School is located in the area ; secondary pupils attend nearby Jack Hunt School in Netherton . The Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Jude .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gunthorpe , Paston , Walton , Werrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunthorpe,_Peterborough', 'summary': "Gunthorpe is a residential area of the city of Peterborough in the United Kingdom . Since 2015 Gunthorpe has its own ward within Peterborough City Council that also encompasses parts of South Werrington . Geographically , Gunthorpe lies to the south of Werrington and north of Paston , with Fulbridge Road to the west ; Car Dyke , the Roman ditch , straddles Gunthorpe 's east side . Building began in the 1950s and continues to this day with the Manor Drive development on-going . South Gunthorpe consists largely of council built housing , the local school being Gunthorpe County Primary . The more affluent North Gunthorpe consists largely of private detached housing , the local school being Norwood County Primary . Following the closure of nearby Walton Comprehensive School in July 2007 , some secondary pupils from Gunthorpe attend The Voyager Academy which opened in September 2007 . Other local schools include AMVC , Kings and Ken Stimpson . An AM/MW and local FM radio transmission site maintained by Arqiva ( formerly NTL Broadcast ) is located here . The site is only 10 feet ( 3 m ) above sea level and has a 270 feet ( 83 m ) high active insulated guyed mast situated on it . The transmitter is used by five radio stations covering the city : Kiss 107.7 FM , Smooth 106.8 FM , Heart 102.7 FM , Gold 1332 AM and BBC Asian Network 1449 AM ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paston,_Peterborough', 'summary': "Paston is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . The area was mainly built and developed in the 1970s and 1980s . Before the development corporation acquired Paston Ridings in 1974 , by use of Section 22 of the Commons Act 1899 , everyone had right of access to the common land comprising approximately 20 acres ( 8 ha ) . The parish church of All Saints ' , Paston , situated over the boundary in Walton ward , celebrated its 790th birthday in 2007 . Demographically Paston has become increasingly diverse , including a large Gypsy community . At the 2001 census it had a population of 8,650 . As Peterborough expands , the council has introduced a new statutory development plan . Its aim is to accommodate an additional 22,000 homes , 18,000 jobs and over 40,000 people living in the city by 2020 . A further 1,200 homes are to be built at Paston as part of this plan . Paston Ridings County Primary School has been in existence since 1994 and is an amalgamation of the former Infant and Junior Schools . The school has the capacity for 420 pupils with 14 classrooms , two halls , a computer suite and a separate library area . It has its own swimming pool and substantial grounds ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Walton,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Walton is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . Manufacturers of industrial machinery , Peter Brotherhood , relocated here from London in 1906 . Walton County Infant and Junior schools were amalgamated in September 2007 to form a single Primary School ; following the closure of Walton Comprehensive School in July 2007 , secondary pupils attend The Voyager School which opened in September 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Werrington,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Werrington is a residential area of the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it comprises North Werrington and South Werrington wards . Werrington spans an area of two and a half square miles ( 6 km² ) and has a population of 14,800 . Originally a village , Werrington was engulfed by Peterborough in the mid 20th century , as the city expanded . The area is on the northern edge of the conurbation , approximately four miles ( 6.4 km ) from the city centre . There are two distinct areas of Werrington , the village and new Werrington . The village dates from older periods and focuses on the village green . The new Werrington area focuses on the Werrington Centre , a small shopping complex featuring stores for basic needs .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ailsworth , Castor , Sutton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ailsworth,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Ailsworth or Ailesworth is a village and civil parish in the City of Peterborough unitary authority , about 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) west of the city centre . The parish is part of the former Soke of Peterborough , which was considered geographically part of Northamptonshire until in 1974 , following the Local Government Act 1972 , it became part of Cambridgeshire . In the 2001 census the population stood at 413 ( 188 households ) and this has increased to 559 ( 248 households ) in the 2011 census'}, {'url': '/wiki/Castor,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Castor is a village and civil parish in the City of Peterborough unitary authority , about 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) west of the city centre . The parish is part of the former Soke of Peterborough , which was considered part of Northamptonshire until 1888 and then Huntingdonshire from 1965-1974 , when it became part of Cambridgeshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sutton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Sutton is a small village and civil parish that is located near Peterborough , in the North-West of Cambridgeshire , England in the East Midlands . Situated about 5.7 miles from Peterborough and approximately half a mile south of the A47 road . For electoral purposes it forms part of Glinton and Wittering ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency . According to Office for National Statistics Sutton has a population ( including Upton ) of 196 with a population density of 0.2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baston , Crowland , The Deepings , Eye , Glinton , Langtoft , Northborough , Upton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baston', 'summary': 'Baston is a village and parish on the edge of The Fens and in the administrative district of South Kesteven , Lincolnshire , England . The 2011 census reported the parish had 1,469 people in 555 households . Like most fen-edge parishes , it was laid out more than a thousand years ago , in an elongated form , to afford the produce from a variety of habitats for the villagers . The village itself lies along the road between King Street , a road built in the second century , and Baston Fen which is on the margin of the much bigger Deeping Fen . Until the nineteenth century , the heart of Deeping Fen was a common fen on which all the surrounding villages had rights of turbary , fowling and pasture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Crowland', 'summary': 'Crowland ( modern usage ) or Croyland ( medieval era name and the one still in ecclesiastical use ; cf . Latin : Croilandia ) is a small town in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated between Peterborough and Spalding . Crowland contains two sites of historical interest , Crowland Abbey and Trinity Bridge'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Deepings', 'summary': "The Deepings ( grid reference TF150094 ) are a series of settlements close to the River Welland near the borders of southern Lincolnshire and north western Cambridgeshire near the city of Peterborough and between the towns of Spalding and Stamford in eastern England . The adjoining villages and a town are in the Lincolnshire fens near the River Welland , some 8 miles to the north of Peterborough and 10 miles or so east of Stamford . The area is just north of the Peterborough border . The Deepings include : Deeping St James , Deeping St Nicholas , Market Deeping and West Deeping . Frognall , Stowgate , Hop Pole and Tongue End are all within the various civil parishes . Another village that is also included in The Deepings is Deeping Gate , a small hamlet across the River Welland in Cambridgeshire . The area is very low-lying , and gave The Deepings their name ( a Saxon name translatable as either 'deep places ' or 'deep lands ' ) . The villages are mentioned in the Domesday Book . Deeping Fen lies to the North , and the drainage of it was an important part of seventeenth and eighteenth century land reclamation . It is now the responsibility of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eye,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Eye is a village in the unitary authority area of Peterborough in England . The village is 4.5 miles ( 7 km ) south from Crowland . The village of Eye Green is 1⁄2 mile ( 800 m ) to the north , separated by the A47 trunk road .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Glinton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Glinton is a village to the north of the City of Peterborough , England . Historically in Northamptonshire , it has a population of 3,130 ( 2001 Census ) and consists of about 1,200 dwellings . It is separated from the urban sprawl of Peterborough and the new township of Werrington by the A15 , the Peterborough bypass .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Langtoft,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Langtoft is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,045 . It lies on the A15 road , about 10 miles ( 16 km ) north from Peterborough and about 8 miles ( 13 km ) east from Stamford , and on the edge of The Fens .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Northborough,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Northborough is a small Cambridgeshire village and civil parish in the East of England . It has a pub , a shop , a school and a small castle . Northborough is around eight miles north of the city of Peterborough and one mile south of village of Deeping Gate and the Lincolnshire border . The place-name Northborough is first attested in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 656 , where it appears as Northburh . In an Assize Roll of 1202 it appears as Norburg . The name means 'northern burg or fortified settlement ' . Northborough Manor House is a fortified manor house , largely built by Roger de Norburgh in the early fourteenth century . A short way away is the parish church of St Andrew , of which the original Norman sections date back to the late twelfth century . After the restoration of the monarchy Elizabeth Cromwell , widow of Oliver , lived with John Claypole ( her son in law ) and is said to be buried in this church . However , there is no grave-stone or marker to be seen . The village underwent its largest change in the 1970s , when it expanded hugely with the building of the new estate , increasing the population of the village . Northborough also has a small primary school , which also takes children from other neighbouring villages , such as Maxey and Peakirk ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Upton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Upton is a civil parish in Peterborough , Cambridgeshire , England . For electoral purposes it forms part of Glinton and Wittering ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency . The population of the parish is included in the civil parish of Sutton . The Parish Church of St John the Baptist is a 12th-century Norman church with a north aisle rebuilt in 17th century . It was a chapel-of-ease and was built as a daughter church to St Kyneburgha 's at Castor . The church is a Grade I listed building . It is set in the fields to the east of the village , 100 yards from the Roman King Street ."}]}, {'value': 'South Kesteven , Peterborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Kesteven', 'summary': 'South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire , England , forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county . It covers Grantham , Stamford , Bourne and Market Deeping . The 2011 census reports 133,788 people at 1.4 per hectare in 57,344 households .'}]}, {'value': 'PE7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coates , Farcet , Folksworth , Hampton , Stilton , Yaxley , Whittlesey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coates,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Coates is a small village close to the town of Whittlesey , in the English county of Cambridgeshire . Coates has a shop which is no longer a spar .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Farcet', 'summary': "Farcet is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Farcet lies approximately 2 miles ( 3 km ) south of Peterborough City Centre , between Yaxley and the Peterborough suburb of Old Fletton . Farcet is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . The parish of Farcet was established in 1851 , having previously been part of the parish of Stanground , its northern neighbour , when the vicarage of Stanground included the curacy of Farcet 's village church ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Folksworth', 'summary': 'Folksworth is a village in Cambridgeshire , England . Folksworth lies approximately 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Peterborough , just off the A1 ( M ) . Folksworth is in the civil parish of Folksworth and Washingley . Folksworth is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . The population is included in the Civil parish of Stilton .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hampton,_Peterborough', 'summary': 'Hampton is a developing township to the south of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stilton', 'summary': 'Stilton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England , about 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of Huntingdon in Huntingdonshire , which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yaxley,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Yaxley is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Yaxley lies approximately 4 miles ( 6 km ) south of Peterborough , just off the A15 road . Yaxley is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . The village is located near the Hampton township , and is approximately three miles north-east of junction 16 of the A1 ( M ) at Norman Cross .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Whittlesey', 'summary': 'Whittlesey is an English town 6 miles ( 10 km ) east of Peterborough in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire . Its population of 16,058 at the 2011 Census includes the neighbouring villages of Coates , Eastrea , Pondersbridge and Turves .'}]}, {'value': 'Peterborough , Huntingdonshire , Fenland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huntingdonshire', 'summary': 'Huntingdonshire ( /ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Hunts ) is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire , as well as a historic county of England . Its council is based in Huntingdon . Other towns in the district are St Ives , Godmanchester , St Neots and Ramsey . The population was 169,508 at the 2011 Census . Henry II , on his accession in 1154 , declared all of Huntingdonshire a royal forest ( i.e. , reserved for hunting ) , but its favourable arable soil , with loam , light clay and gravel , hence good drainage , meant it was largely farmland by the 18th century .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fenland_District', 'summary': 'Fenland is a local government district in the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England . Its council is based in March , and it covers the neighbouring market towns of Chatteris , Whittlesey and Wisbech ; the last is often called the Capital of the Fens . The district covers around 500 square kilometres ( 210.99 square miles ) of mostly agricultural land in the extremely flat Fens . The population of the district was 98,262 at the 2011 Census . It was formed on 1 April 1974 , with the merger of the Borough of Wisbech , Chatteris Urban District , March Urban District , Whittlesey Urban District , North Witchford Rural District and Wisbech Rural District .'}]}, {'value': 'PE8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PETERBOROUGH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Achurch , Apethorpe , Armston , Ashton , Barnwell , Blatherwycke , Cotterstock , Elton , Fotheringhay , Hemington , Kings Cliffe , Lower Benefield , Luddington , Nassington , Oundle , Polebrook , Sibson , Southwick , Stibbington , Tansor , Thornhaugh , Thurning , Upper Benefield , Wadenhoe , Wansford , Warmington , Water Newton , Wigsthorpe , Wittering , Woodnewton , Yarwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Achurch', 'summary': "Achurch ( formerly Asenciran sometimes Thorpe Achurch ) is a village in the civil parish of Thorpe Achurch , in the East Northamptonshire district , in the county of Northamptonshire , England . It was called Asechirce in the Domesday Book . The population of the civil parish of Thorpe Achurch at the 2011 census was 421 . It has lent its name to people 's surnames who are believed to have originated from the village . Robert Browne who had previously founded the Brownists , a forerunner of Congregationalism , was rector here from 1591 to 1631 . The parish includes the Grade 1 listed home of Lilford Hall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Apethorpe', 'summary': 'Apethorpe ( pronounced Ap-thorp ) is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire district of the shire county of Northamptonshire , England . The 2001 census records a population of 130 , increasing to 160 at the 2011 census . Apethorpe was recorded in the Domesday Book as Patorp . The village is compact , uniform and centred on Main Street . In the late 15th Century Apethorpe was acquired by Sir Guy Wolston , an officer in the household of Edward IV , who began the construction of the presentApethorpe Palace .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Armston', 'summary': 'Armston is a hamlet in Northamptonshire , England . The population is included in the civil parish of Polebrook .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ashton,_East_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Ashton is a village and civil parish about ¾ mile east of Oundle in the east of the English county of Northamptonshire forming part of the district of East Northamptonshire . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 219 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Barnwell,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Barnwell ( formerly Barnwell All Saints and Barnwell St Andrew ) is a village in the district of East Northamptonshire in England , 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) south of the town of Oundle , 78 miles ( 126 km ) north of London ( via the A1 road ) and 14 miles ( 22.5 km ) south-west of Peterborough . The River Nene runs north of the village separating it from Oundle .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Blatherwycke', 'summary': 'Blatherwycke is a village and civil parish in the East Northamptonshire district of Northamptonshire , England . It is about 6 miles ( 10 km ) north-east of Corby . It is near Blatherwycke Lake , on the Willow Brook .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cotterstock', 'summary': 'Cotterstock is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 153 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Elton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Elton lies approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) south-west of Peterborough . Elton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . Elton is a small village within the historic boundaries of Huntingdonshire ( now part of Cambridgeshire ) , England . It lies on the B671 road . Elton Hall and the hamlet of Over End are located on the same road a mile south of the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fotheringhay', 'summary': "Fotheringhay is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire , England , six kilometres ( 3.7 mi ) north-east of Oundle and around 16 kilometres ( 9.9 mi ) west of Peterborough . It is most noted for being the site of Fotheringhay ( or Fotheringay ) Castle which was razed in 1627 . There is nothing left of the castle to be seen today other than the motte on which it was built that provides excellent views of the River Nene . The Nene Way long distance footpath runs through the village . As the home of the great Yorkist line , the village was , for a considerable part of the 15th and 16th centuries , of national standing . The death of Richard III at Bosworth Field altered its history irrevocably . As the historian John Nicholls stated , Fotheringhay has been distinguished beyond any other place in Britain , except the Capital , by the aggravated misfortunes of Royalty . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 123 people , reducing to 119 at the 2011 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hemington,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Hemington is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire , England . The population ( including Luddington-in-the-Brook and Thurning ) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 257 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kings_Cliffe,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': "Kings Cliffe ( variously spelt King 's Cliffe , King 's Cliff , Kings Cliff , Kingscliffe ) is a village and civil parish on Willow Brook , a tributary of the River Nene , about 9 miles ( 14 km ) northeast of Corby in East Northamptonshire . The parish adjoins the county boundary with the City of Peterborough and the village is about 12 miles ( 19 km ) west of the city centre . The village is not far from the boundary with Lincolnshire and about 6 miles ( 10 km ) south of Stamford ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lower_Benefield', 'summary': 'Lower Benefield is a village on the A427 road in East Northamptonshire , England , near Oundle . It is part of the civil parish of Benefield . The population is included in the Civil Parish of Weston and Weedon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Luddington-in-the-Brook', 'summary': 'Luddington-in-the-Brook is a village in East Northamptonshire . The name of its civil parish is Luddington . The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Hemington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nassington', 'summary': "Nassington is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire , England . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 670 people , increasing to 827 at the 2011 Census The River Nene runs along the eastern side of the parish ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oundle', 'summary': 'Oundle /ˈaʊndəl/ is a market town on the River Nene in Northamptonshire , England , which had a population of 5,735 at the time of the 2011 census . It is 69 miles ( 111 kilometres ) north of London and 12 mi ( 19 km ) south-west of Peterborough . The nearest railway station , Corby , is 9.3 mi ( 15.0 km ) to the west . In 2017 , The Sunday Times newspaper included Oundle in its list of best places to live in the Midlands . Oundle was the only Northamptonshire town to be included on the list which takes into account crime rates , house prices and standards of local schools .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Polebrook', 'summary': 'Polebrook is a village in Northamptonshire , England . The population ( including Armston ) at the 2011 census was 478 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sibson,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Sibson is a village in Cambridgeshire , England . Sibson lies approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) west of Peterborough city centre . Sibson is in the civil parish of Sibson-cum-Stibbington . Sibson is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . Sibson Aerodrome is 1 km south of the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Southwick,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': "Southwick ( pronounced Suth-ick ) is a small village and civil parish in Northamptonshire , England . It is approximately 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) north of the town of Oundle and is set in a valley of the river Nene . The village falls within the Non-Metropolitan District of East Northamptonshire , which itself lies within the East Midlands region . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 180 people , increasing marginally to 181 at the 2011 Census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stibbington', 'summary': 'Stibbington is a village in Cambridgeshire , England , located approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) west of Peterborough city centre in the civil parish of Sibson-cum-Stibbington . It is situated in the far north-west corner of Huntingdonshire , which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire , as well as a historic county of England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tansor', 'summary': "Tansor is a village and civil parish in the English county of Northamptonshire . Lying near the River Nene , three miles north-east of the town of Oundle and a mile from the village of Cotterstock , Tansor forms part of the district of East Northamptonshire . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 185 people , reducing to 172 at the 2011 Census . A notable son of Tansor was the naturalist and writer Horace William Wheelwright , born there in 1815 . Attractions are limited ; only a church , telephone and phone box and a village hall containing a playgroup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thornhaugh,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Thornhaugh is a civil parish and village in the city of Peterborough unitary authority , Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it forms part of Glinton and Wittering ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency . Thornhaugh ( or Thornhaw ) is derived from Old English and means a thorn enclosed low-lying meadow beside a stream . There is evidence of a settlement here as far back as the 12th century , but probably has earlier origins . Although the village of Thornhaugh itself is quite small , the parish is one of the largest in the county of Cambridgeshire at 1,096.33 acres ( 443.67 ha ) . The parish is crossed by the A1 and A47 roads . The village was declared a conservation area in 1979 . The road that runs through the village is Russell Hill , named after William Russell , 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh who lived here . The Russell family are also associated with the Bedford Estate in Central London where you will find Thornhaugh Street and Russell Square in Bloomsbury .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thurning,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Thurning is a village and civil parish in the English county of Northamptonshire . Located in the north-east of the county , about 5.5 miles south-east of Oundle , Thurning forms part of the district of East Northamptonshire and the civil parish of Hemington , Luddington and Thurning . Until 1888 , the ecclesiastical parish of Thurning was partly in Northamptonshire and partly in Huntingdonshire , its parish church being in the latter county . At the time of the 2001 census , the population of Thurning Civil Parish was 93 people . At the time of the 2011 Census , the population of the village remained less than 100 and is included in the civil parish of Hemington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Upper_Benefield', 'summary': 'Upper Benefield is a linear village along the A427 road in East Northamptonshire , England . It is part of the civil parish of Benefield .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wadenhoe', 'summary': 'Wadenhoe is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire . The population ( including Pilton and Stoke Doyle ) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 244 . It is on the River Nene , approximately 4 miles from Thrapston and 10 miles from Corby . The Nene Way long distance footpath passes through the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wansford,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Wansford , sometimes Wansford-in-England is a village just off the Great North Road ( A1 ) near Peterborough and eight miles south of Stamford .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Warmington,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Warmington is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire , England with a population of 874 ( as of the 2001 census ) , increasing to 939 at the 2011 Census . It is 2½ miles east of the town of Oundle near the Cambridgeshire border and is 10 miles south west of the city of Peterborough . It has a large 13th-century church , and fine watermill , manor house and dovecote . Most of the houses , however , were built in the 1960s and 1970s . A large estate of private homes has been added since the turn of the millennium increasing the size of the village by around 30% . Warmington is a working , functional village with some impressive old stone buildings which are considered very attractive . The Nene Way footpath runs through the village and is well signposted .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_Newton', 'summary': 'Water Newton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Water Newton lies approximately 5 miles ( 8 km ) west of Peterborough . Water Newton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . As the population of the village was 88 only at the 2011 Census it is included in the civil parish of Chesterton . The village is sandwiched between the River Nene to the north and the A1 trunk road to the south . The River Nene marks the boundary between Huntingdonshire and the City of Peterborough .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wigsthorpe', 'summary': 'Wigsthorpe is a hamlet in the east of the English county of Northamptonshire , south of the town of Oundle and the village of Barnwell . It is in East Northamptonshire district and is part of the civil parish of Thorpe Achurch .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wittering,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Wittering is a village and civil parish in the Soke of Peterborough in the East of England . The village is about 3 miles ( 5 km ) south of the market town of Stamford in neighbouring Lincolnshire and about 9 miles ( 14 km ) west of the City of Peterborough .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Woodnewton', 'summary': "Woodnewton is a village in Northamptonshire , England . Essentially a pair of parallel streets , the village lies to the north of a small stream , the Willow Brook , in Rockingham Forest . It is in the East Northamptonshire district . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 442 people , increasing slightly to 450 at the 2011 Census . Woodnewton is home to 'Clownfest ' , a fundraising operation inspired by Coco the Clown . There is a woodcarved statue of 'Coco the clown ' in the Woodnewton village park . Coco the clown is buried in the graveyard of St Mary 's parish church , which is situated to the western end of the village . Clownfest raised enough money to pay for the building of the current village hall , which is a central hub for the village . Other facilities include : Public House , Village hall , Church and a Pottery ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yarwell', 'summary': "Yarwell is a village on the River Nene in the extreme east of the English county of Northamptonshire near the border with Cambridgeshire . Its name is derived from 'the spring where the yarrow grows ' . [ citation needed ] At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 316 people , reducing to 294 at the 2011 Census . Yarwell has a pub called The Angel Inn , a village hall and a church . One of its two farms has been converted into a housing development and the other has applied for planning permission . Until recently there was a Methodist church in the village ; the post office closed in 1993 . The village school closed in the early 1960s and in 2003 was redeveloped into three houses . In total there are about 130 houses in Yarwell . Yarwell and Nassington Britannia band is the local brass band which rehearses in the village hall and draws its players from the surrounding area including Stamford and Oundle . The preserved Nene Valley Railway has a station at Yarwell Junction . Before closure in the 1960s , this was the junction of two lines , one from Market Harborough and the other from Northampton . It is on the Cambridgeshire side of the Nene at grid reference TL078970 ."}]}, {'value': 'East Northamptonshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Northamptonshire', 'summary': "East Northamptonshire ( officially The District of East Northamptonshire ) is a local government district in Northamptonshire , England . Its council is based in Thrapston and Rushden . Other towns include Oundle , Raunds , Irthlingborough and Higham Ferrers . The town of Rushden is the largest settlement in the district and the smallest settlement is the hamlet of Shotley . The population of the District Council at the 2011 Census was 86,765 . The district borders onto the Borough of Corby , the Borough of Kettering , the Borough of Wellingborough , the Borough of Bedford , the City of Peterborough , the District of Huntingdonshire , South Kesteven District and the unitary authority county of Rutland . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , by a merger of the municipal borough of Higham Ferrers , with the urban districts of Irthlingborough , Oundle , Raunds and Rushden , along with Oundle and Thrapston Rural District , and Newton Bromswold from Wellingborough Rural District . Much of the district is home to Rockingham Forest , once a Royal hunting forest which takes its name from the village of Rockingham where William I built a castle . The district is home to several of Northamptonshire 's airfields including Spanhoe , King 's Cliffe , Deenethorpe , Polebrook , Chelveston and Lyveden . In March 2018 , an independent report commissioned by the Secretary of State for Housing , Communities and Local Government , proposed structural changes to local government in Northamptonshire . These changes would see the existing county council and district councils abolished and two new unitary authorities created in their place . One authority would consist of the existing districts of Daventry , Northampton and South Northamptonshire and the other authority would consist of Corby , East Northamptonshire , Kettering and Wellingborough districts ."}]}, {'value': 'PE9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STAMFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stamford , Ashton , Aunby , Bainton , Barholm , Barnack , Braceborough , Careby , Carlby , Collyweston , Duddington , Essendine , Easton-on-the-Hill , Great Casterton , Greatford , Ketton , Little Casterton , Newstead , Pickworth , Pilsgate , Ryhall , Southorpe , Tallington , Tickencote , Tinwell , Tixover , Uffington , Ufford , Wilsthorpe , Wothorpe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Stamford is a town on the River Welland in Lincolnshire , England , 92 miles ( 148 km ) north of London on the A1 . The population at the 2011 census was 19,701 . The town has 17th and 18th-century stone buildings , older timber-framed buildings and five medieval parish churches . Stamford is a frequent filming location . In 2013 it was rated the best place to live in a survey by The Sunday Times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ashton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Ashton is a hamlet in the English county of Cambridgeshire . It falls within Bainton civil parish , part of the city of Peterborough unitary authority .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aunby', 'summary': 'Aunby is a village in the parish of Careby Aunby and Holywell , in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated north from Stamford on the B1176 road , and just south of Careby . Aunby consists of Manor and Lodge farms , and a deserted medieval village . The River Glen flows to the east of the village , next to the East Coast Main Line . Close to the west is Rutland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bainton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Bainton is a village and civil parish in the Peterborough Unitary Authority area of Cambridgeshire , England . Bainton is on the southern edge of the Welland valley and lies 7.4 miles ( 11.9 km ) north-west of Peterborough and 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) east of Stamford . Ashton is a neighbouring hamlet and lies approximately 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) south-east of Bainton within the same civil parish . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 305 people and by the 2011 census the parish 's population was 290 people ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barholm', 'summary': 'Barholm /ˈbærəm/ is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is 2 miles ( 3 km ) west from the A15 road , and 6 miles ( 10 km ) south from Bourne . Barholm is first recorded as Berc ( a ) ham in 1086 ; the name is from Old English beorg + hām or hamm and means homestead or enclosure on a hill . Hereward ( later known as Hereward the Wake ) owned land in Barholm and the nearby village of Stow in the period before the Norman conquest in 1066 . [ citation needed ] The church received a new tower during the English Civil War and an inscription reads : Was ever such a thing Since the Creation ? A new steeple built In the time of vexation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Barnack,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Barnack is a village and civil parish , now in the Peterborough unitary authority of the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire , England . Barnack is in the north-west of the unitary authority , 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) south-east of Stamford , Lincolnshire . The parish includes the hamlet of Pilsgate about 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) northwest of Barnack . Both Barnack and Pilsgate are on the B1443 road . The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 931 . Barnack is historically part of the Soke of Peterborough , which was associated with Northamptonshire but had its own County Council from 1888 until 1965 . From 1894 until 1965 there was a Barnack Rural District that was a subdivision of the Soke , and which formed part of Huntingdon and Peterborough until 1974 . Barnack is notable for its former limestone industry , its Anglo-Saxon parish church and an unusual early Bronze Age burial . Hills and Holes , an area of Roman and later quarrying , is now a nature reserve .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Braceborough', 'summary': "Braceborough is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated off the Stamford to Bourne A6121 road , just west of the A15 as it runs between Market Deeping and Bourne . It forms part of the Civil Parish of Braceborough and Wilsthorpe . The ecclesiastical parish has equivalent boundaries to the civil parish . It is part of the Uffington Group in the Aveland & Ness with Stamford Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln . The incumbent is Rev Carolyn Kennedy . The Grade I listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Margaret . It was almost entirely rebuilt in 1837 . During the Second World War Braceborough Hall housed elements of the Women 's Land Army ; it is now a retirement home . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Careby_Aunby_and_Holywell', 'summary': 'Careby Aunby and Holywell is a civil parish in the district of South Kesteven , south-west Lincolnshire , in England . It stretches from the county border with Rutland in the west to the River West Glen in the east . The B1176 road from Corby Glen passes through Careby and on past Aunby toward Stamford . The main London to Scotland railway line passes through the parish , the line upon which Mallard took the speed record for the LNER . The total population in the 2001 census was 146 , falling marginally to 143 at the 2011 census . The population in 1801 was 65 , and had risen to 133 by 1911 The centre of the parish is near grid reference TF017157'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlby', 'summary': "Carlby is a small village and civil parish in the district of South Kesteven in Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 542 . It is located four miles south of Bourne on the A6121 near the Lincolnshire/Rutland boundary , which is partly the River West Glen . The ecclesiastical parish is Ryhall with Essendine and Carlby , part of the Rutland Deanery of the Diocese of Peterborough . The vicar is Paddy McKee . The parish church is dedicated to St. Stephen . The current building dates from 1134 . The village has a playing field and a children 's recreational area . In 1986 the villagers replaced the wooden village hall with a brick structure ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Collyweston', 'summary': 'Collyweston is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire , about three miles southwest of Stamford , Lincolnshire , on the road ( the A43 ) to Kettering . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 514 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duddington', 'summary': 'Duddington is a small village in Northamptonshire , England . It is by the junction of the A47 and A43 roads , and is 9 kilometres ( 6 mi ) southwest of the town of Stamford . The village is on the east bank of the River Welland which is the county boundary of Rutland . The Civil parishes of Duddington and Fineshade were amalgamated in 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Essendine', 'summary': 'Essendine is a village and civil parish at the eastern end of the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . The population of the civil parish was 368 at the 2001 census increasing to 448 at the 2011 census . It lies on the West Glen , close by the earthworks of a small castle .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Easton-on-the-Hill', 'summary': 'Easton on the Hill is a village and civil parish at the north eastern tip of the district of East Northamptonshire , England . The village is 59 miles ( 95 km ) east of Birmingham , 79 miles ( 127 km ) north of London and 12 miles ( 19 km ) northwest of Peterborough city centre . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,015 . The village , sited on the A43 road , is compact in form , with the older part of the village located north of the High Street . The parish extends from the River Welland in the north to the western end of RAF Wittering , in the northernmost part of Northamptonshire between Stamford and Collyweston . All Saints Church dates from the twelfth century and has been enlarged and altered over the centuries . The church is a Grade I listed building .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Casterton', 'summary': 'Great Casterton is a village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . It is located at the crossing of the Roman Ermine Street and the River Gwash .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Greatford', 'summary': "Greatford is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 2 miles ( 3 km ) west from the A15 , 4.5 miles ( 7 km ) north-east from Stamford , and 5 miles ( 8 km ) south from Bourne . Greatford is noted for Greatford Hall , once the home of Francis Willis . In the 2001 Census , Greatford 's population was found to be 260 , increasing slightly to 268 at the 2011 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ketton', 'summary': 'Ketton is a village and civil parish in Rutland in the East Midlands of England . It is about 8 miles ( 13 km ) east of Oakham and 3 miles ( 5 km ) west of Stamford , Lincolnshire . The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 1,926 , making it the fourth largest settlement in Rutland , after Oakham , Uppingham and Cottesmore . The village has an outstanding primary school with 204 children currently on roll . Ketton gave its name to the Ketton Rural District of Rutland which existed from 1894 to 1974 . Ketton ward , which also includes the parishes of Barrowden , Tinwell and Tixover has two councillors on Rutland County Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_Casterton', 'summary': 'Little Casterton is a small village and civil parish in Rutland , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2001 census was 148 , increasing to 218 at the 2011 census . It is about two miles ( 3 km ) north of Stamford on a minor road that runs to the south of the River Gwash between Great Casterton and Ryhall . The parish church is dedicated to All Saints and is a Grade II* Listed Building . The east and west windows are by Christopher Whall and are in memory of former tenants of Tolethorpe Hall . The east window of 1911 depicts St Hubert , Christ in Majesty and St Francis and is in memory of Hubert Francis Christian Harrisson . The west window features St George and dates to 1919 . About half a mile to the north-east is Tolethorpe Hall , a 17th-century mansion . Since 1977 , it has been used as the location of an open-air Shakespearean theatre , the Rutland Theatre of the Stamford Shakespeare Company . The Little Casterton Working Weekend is held in the village each September . Veteran and vintage agricultural machinery is showcased in a working context . Combines , tractors and other equipment demonstrate harvesting , threshing , ploughing and other activities .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pickworth,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Pickworth is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish including Braceby and Sapperton was 243 at the 2011 census . It is situated approximately 8 miles ( 13 km ) both east from Grantham and south from Sleaford . The 1086 Domesday Book lists Pickworth as having forty households and a church . The Church of England parish church of Saint Andrew is a Grade I listed building built of limestone and dating from the 12th century . The 14th-century rebuilding of the church is said to date from 1356 , probably by the Pickworth family . Over the chancel arch are 14th-century wall paintings dated to about 1380 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pilsgate', 'summary': 'Pilsgate is a hamlet in the civil parish of Barnack , Cambridgeshire , England . Pilsgate is close to the county boundary and 3 miles ( 5 km ) south-east of Stamford , Lincolnshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryhall', 'summary': 'Ryhall is a village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . It is situated close to the eastern boundary of the county , about 2 miles ( 3 km ) north of Stamford . The parish includes the hamlet of Belmesthorpe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Southorpe,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Southorpe is a settlement and civil parish in the city of Peterborough , Cambridgeshire , in the United Kingdom . For electoral purposes it forms part of Barnack ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tallington', 'summary': 'Tallington is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 497 . It is situated 4 miles ( 6 km ) east from Stamford and 8 miles ( 13 km ) north-east from the centre of Peterborough . The village has around 200 houses .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tickencote', 'summary': "Tickencote is a small village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . It is noted for St Peter 's Church , with its Norman chancel arch . The population at the 2001 census was 67 . At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100 and was included together with the parish of Great Casterton ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tinwell', 'summary': 'Tinwell is a village and civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . The population at the 2001 census was 209 , increasing to 234 at the 2011 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tixover', 'summary': "Tixover is a small village and civil parish in Rutland . The population of the civil parish at the 2001 census was 174 , falling to 163 at the 2011 census . The parish is on the River Welland which is the county boundary with Northamptonshire . Most of the houses in the parish are east of the A47 road . The parish church , St Luke 's , near the River Welland , now stands about 3/4 mile from the village . The church is a Grade II* listed building . Tixover Grange , west of the A47 , was home to the residential school named after Wilfred Pickles from 1955 to the 1980s . Tixover House is now a care home , run by Barchester Healthcare . Tixover Quarry is a popular off-road driving centre , which is used by Land Rover Owner Magazine for vehicle tests and photo shoots ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uffington,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Uffington is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 686 . It is situated in the valley of the River Welland , between Stamford and The Deepings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ufford,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Ufford is a village and civil parish , now in the Peterborough unitary authority of the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire , England . It was historically part of the Soke of Peterborough , which was associated with Northamptonshire but had its own County Council from 1888 until 1974 . For electoral purposes it forms part of Barnack ward and is in the North West Cambridgeshire constituency . St Andrew 's Church is a Grade I listed medieval building that is closed and has passed into the care of the Churches Conservation Trust . Most of the church dates from the 14th century . It consists of a nave without a clerestory , aisles , and a chancel . There is also a west tower , and a rood turret near the junction of the nave and chancel , both of which are embattled . The church contains a series of 20th-century Arts and Crafts stained glass . Ufford Hall is also a Grade I listed building . It was built in 1734 by George Manners , a younger son of the Dukes of Rutland . Until his death in 1996 it was lived in by Oliver Kitson , 4th Baron Airedale ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wilsthorpe,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Wilsthorpe is a village in the district of South Kesteven in the county of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) north-east from Stamford and approximately 4 miles ( 6 km ) south from Bourne . The population is included in the civil parish of Braceborough and Wilsthorpe . Originally a Chapelry in Greatford parish , Wilsthorpe was created a civil parish in 1866 and lasted until 1931 when it was abolished to create the civil parish of Braceborough and Wilsthorpe . Wilsthorpe is mentioned in Domesday Book of 1086 when it was listed as having 20 households , 40 acres ( 0.2 km2 ) of meadow , 12 acres ( 0.05 km2 ) of woodland , and two mills . A possible Roman villa has been located as cropmarks to the south-east of the village , and King Street is a Roman road . The church is a Grade II* listed building dedicated to Saint Faith . Built in 1715 , it was restored and altered by James Fowler of Louth in 1869 . In the sanctuary is a late-13th-century effigy of a knight in chain mail ; perhaps a Wake family member . Hereward the Wake was an Anglo-Saxon who led resistance to the Norman Conquest , and was born in or near Bourne . To the west of the village is the former railway station of Braceborough Spa Halt which was on the Essendine and Bourne Railway line . It opened in 1860 and closed in 1951 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wothorpe,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Wothorpe is a village and civil parish in the Peterborough unitary authority of Cambridgeshire , England . It is in the far north-west of the district , and to the south of Stamford ( in Lincolnshire ) . The parish borders Northamptonshire on its west .'}]}, {'value': 'South Kesteven , Rutland , East Northamptonshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutland', 'summary': "Rutland /ˈrʌtlənd/ is a landlocked county in the East Midlands of England , bounded to the west and north by Leicestershire , to the northeast by Lincolnshire and the southeast by Northamptonshire . Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles ( 29 km ) and its greatest breadth east to west is 17 miles ( 27 km ) . It is the smallest historic county in England and the fourth smallest in the UK as a whole . Because of this , the Latin motto Multum in Parvo or much in little was adopted by the county council in 1950 . It has the smallest population of any normal unitary authority in England . Among the current ceremonial counties , the Isle of Wight , City of London and City of Bristol are smaller in area . The former County of London , in existence 1889 to 1965 , also had a smaller area . It is 323rd of the 326 districts in population . The only towns in Rutland are Oakham , the county town , and Uppingham . At the centre of the county is Rutland Water , a large artificial reservoir that is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys . Rutland 's older cottages are built from limestone or ironstone and many have roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch ."}]}, {'value': 'PE10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOURNE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bourne , Bulby , Cawthorpe , Dowsby , Dunsby , Dyke , Edenham , Grimsthorpe , Haconby , Hanthorpe , Keisby , Kirkby Underwood , Lound , Manthorpe , Morton , Rippingale , Scottlethorpe , Stainfield , Thurlby , Toft , Twenty , Witham on the Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bourne,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Bourne is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It lies on the eastern slopes of the limestone Kesteven Uplands and western edge of the Fens . The population recorded in the 2011 census was 14,456 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bulby', 'summary': "Bulby is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England , and in the civil parish of Irnham , Bulby and Hawthorpe . The village is situated west of the A15 , east of the A1 , and approximately 4 miles ( 6 km ) north-west from the town of Bourne . In 1872 the two hamlets of Bulby and Hawthorpe were grouped as Bulby-cum-Hawthorpe forming the eastern side of Irnham parish , being a joint township with a population of 180 in 1,767 acres ( 7.2 km2 ) of fertile land . About 1,000 acres ( 4.0 km2 ) of Bulby-cum-Hawthorpe land was purchased by Rev . William Watson Smith in about 1840 , who built on it the Elizabethan-style Bulby House and grounds . By 1872 , Bulby House and 1,100 acres ( 4.5 km2 ) of township land was owned by Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby , 1st Earl of Ancaster ( Lord Aveland ) , who was lord of the manor . A moated area evident at the time was said to be the site of Bulby Hall which is supposed to have been burnt down in the Barons ' wars . Bulby has close associations with farming , has a number of surrounding farms , and a plant nursery . The River East Glen passes close to the west of the hamlet . There is evidence of a previous Bulby Hall , and two Medieval settlements : Little Bulby and East Bulby ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cawthorpe', 'summary': 'Cawthorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Bourne , in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . Cawthorpe holds four Grade II listed buildings : Cawthorpe Hall , Cawthorpe House , Ivy Nook cottage , and an 18th-century farmhouse .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dowsby', 'summary': 'Dowsby is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the western edge of The Fens at the junction of the east-west B1397 road and the north-south B1177 . It is 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) north-east from Rippingale and just south of Pointon . The civil parish includes the hamlet of Graby . Nearby to the east , along the B1397 at Dowsby Fen , is Car Dyke . The civil parish population taken at the 2011 census was 204 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dunsby', 'summary': 'Dunsby is a small village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of in Lincolnshire , England . It is 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) north from Bourne , just east off the A15 , and on the western edge of the Lincolnshire Fens . In 2001 it had a population of 141 , reducing to 122 at the 2011 census . The Grade I listed parish church is dedicated to All Saints . Built of ironstone and limestone , it dates from the 12th century , and was restored in 1857 . The village cross is a medieval scheduled monument sited at a road junction in the village , and consists of the base and 8 inches ( 20 cm ) of shaft . Dunsby is mentioned in the Domesday book under the name of Dunesbe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dyke,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': "Dyke is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated less than 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) east from the A15 road , and approximately 1 mile north-east from Bourne . Dyke is within Bourne civil parish . The name Dyke arises from its lying on Car Dyke , a once much larger Roman ditch , which runs along the western edge of The Fens . The section of Car Dyke between Dyke and Bourne is a scheduled ancient monument . For population statistics Dyke , Twenty , South Fen , and Spalding road outside Bourne are taken together ; Dyke is the largest of these settlements . [ citation needed ] The 2001 census recorded a population of 1,598 , falling to 1,541 at the 2011 census . Dyke and Dyke Fen fall within the drainage area of the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board . A new fountain was built on the green in the centre of the village to mark the millennium . [ citation needed ] Dyke 's public house is The Wishing Well Inn ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edenham', 'summary': 'Edenham ( /ˈɛdənəm/ EDD-ən-əm ) is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) north-west of Bourne , and on the A151 road . While the civil parish is called Edenham , the parish council is called Edenham , Grimsthorpe , Elsthorpe & Scottlethorpe Parish Council . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 291 . The parish is principally located in the valley of the East Glen which flows through the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grimsthorpe', 'summary': "Grimsthorpe is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the A151 road , and 3 miles ( 5 km ) north-west from Bourne . Grimsthorpe falls within the civil parish of Edenham , which is governed by Edenham Grimsthorpe Elsthorpe & Scottlethorpe Parish Council . Grimsthorpe Castle is 500 yards ( 460 m ) to the west . John Marius Wilson 's 1870 Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Grimsthorpe as :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Haconby', 'summary': 'Haconby is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2001 census was 448 increasing to 532 at the 2011 census . It is situated on the western edge of the Lincolnshire Fens , 3 miles ( 5 km ) north from Bourne .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Morton_and_Hanthorpe', 'summary': 'Morton and Hanthorpe is a civil parish , formerly known as Morton by Bourne in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 2 miles ( 3 km ) north from Bourne , and 14 miles ( 23 km ) south-east from Grantham . According to the 2011 Census the parish had a population of 2,406 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keisby', 'summary': 'Keisby is a small hamlet in the district of South Kesteven , in Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 6 miles ( 10 km ) north-west from Bourne and 9 miles ( 14 km ) south-east from Grantham . It is in the civil parish of Lenton , Keisby and Osgodby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kirkby_Underwood', 'summary': 'Kirkby Underwood is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish was 200 at the 2001 census , increasing to 220 at the 2011 census . It is situated 4 miles ( 6 km ) north from Bourne and 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) west from the main A15 trunk road . To the east is Rippingale and the Fens . Directly to the south is the hamlet of Stainfield , and to the west , Hawthorpe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lound,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Lound is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated about 2 miles ( 3 km ) south-west from the town of Bourne . Originally part of the parish of Witham on the Hill , Lound became part of Toft with Lound parish between 1866 and 1931 . Since 1931 Lound has been part of the civil parish of Toft with Lound and Manthorpe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Manthorpe,_Bourne', 'summary': 'Manthorpe is a small village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It lies 0.5 miles ( 0.8 km ) east from the A6121 , 3 miles ( 5 km ) south-west from Bourne and 6 miles ( 10 km ) north-east from Stamford . The village is part of the Toft with Lound and Manthorpe civil parish . At the western side of the village runs the East Glen River .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Morton_and_Hanthorpe', 'summary': 'Morton and Hanthorpe is a civil parish , formerly known as Morton by Bourne in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 2 miles ( 3 km ) north from Bourne , and 14 miles ( 23 km ) south-east from Grantham . According to the 2011 Census the parish had a population of 2,406 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rippingale', 'summary': "Rippingale is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish was 929 at the 2011 census . The village is situated on the A15 road , about 5 miles ( 8 km ) north from Bourne . Rippingale is part of the Ringstone in Aveland group of parishes , in the Aveland Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln . The incumbent is Linda Pugh . St Andrew 's Church dates from the thirteenth and fourteenth century , though the tower dates from a century later . In the church yard was located a weeping ash , Fraxinus excelsior 'Pendula ' - a tree rare for Britain . It survived for a century until 2002 - having died it was felled ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Scottlethorpe', 'summary': 'Scottlethorpe is a village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) north-west from Bourne , and on the A151 road . The village is within the civil parish of Edenham ; the local area is part of the Grimsthorpe Castle estate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stainfield', 'summary': 'Stainfield is a village and civil parish about 10 miles ( 16 km ) east of the city of Lincoln , in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 189 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thurlby,_South_Kesteven', 'summary': 'Thurlby is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated just west of the A15 road , 2 miles ( 3 km ) south from the town of Bourne , and on the edge of the Lincolnshire Fens . It is sometimes referred to as Thurlby by Bourne to distinguish it from other villages in Lincolnshire with the same name . Thurlby and the hamlet of Northorpe to its north are conjoined . The parish had a population of 2,136 at the 2001 census , although this had increased to 2,153 at the 2011 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toft,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Toft is a small village in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 2 miles ( 3 km ) south-west from Bourne on the A6121 . Toft is part of the civil parish of Toft with Lound and Manthorpe . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 333 . The village gave its name to the Toft Tunnel on the former Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway ( closed in 1959 ) , which ran about 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) to the north . This was the only tunnel on that railway , which ran for the most part over the Fens . The tunnel is actually in Lound , though still in the parish . It is now managed as a nature reserve Toft Hotel Golf Course is on the southern edge of the village . The East Glen river flows through the village , also to the south . The north of the parish includes the Deserted medieval village of Bowthorpe , now a single farm , which gives its name to the Bowthorpe Oak .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Twenty,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Twenty is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) east from the market town of Bourne , and 5 miles ( 8 km ) west from Spalding . Agriculture is the major industry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Witham_on_the_Hill', 'summary': 'Witham on the Hill is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish was 260 at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'South Kesteven', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SPALDING', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spalding ( most of ) , Deeping St. Nicholas , Donington , Gosberton , Hop Pole , Pinchbeck , Pode Hole , Quadring , Quadring Fen , Surfleet , Tongue End', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spalding,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': "Spalding /ˈspɒldɪŋ / is a market town with a population of 28,722 at the 2011 census , on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 , whilst Pinchbeck , a village to the north , is part of the built-up area . The town was well known for the annual Spalding Flower Parade , held from 1959 to 2013 . The parade celebrated the region 's vast tulip production and the cultural links between the Fens and the landscape and people of South Holland . At one time , it attracted crowds of more than 100,000 . Since 2002 the town has held an annual Pumpkin Festival in October ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Deeping_St._Nicholas', 'summary': 'Deeping St Nicholas , near Spalding in Lincolnshire , England is a village on the A1175 road between The Deepings and Spalding . Unlike Market Deeping , which is in South Kesteven district , Deeping St Nicholas is in South Holland . Deeping St Nicholas is also a South Holland civil parish which includes the small settlements of Tongue End and Hop Pole , and a number of outlying farms . It has a total population of 1,323 , increasing at the 2011 Census to 1,961 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Donington,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Donington is a large village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 8 miles ( 13 km ) north from the market town of Spalding on the A152 , and is bypassed by the A52 . Donington also conveniently sits between the A16 and A17 . The parish includes the hamlet of Northorpe , and falls within the drainage area of the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board . Donington is the birthplace of the explorer Matthew Flinders .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gosberton', 'summary': "Gosberton is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 9 miles ( 14.5 km ) south-west of Boston , 6 miles ( 10 km ) north of Spalding and 8.5 miles ( 14 km ) north-west of Holbeach . The parish includes the villages of Gosberton Clough and Risegate , and the hamlets of Westhorpe and Gosberton Cheal . The population of Gosberton , which was approximately 2500 , [ when ? ] increased to 2,958 at the 2011 Census . The village was skirted by the A16 road but has been bypassed . The crossroads of the B1397 ( Dowsby to Boston road ) and the A152 ( Donington to Surfleet road ) are located here . The Peterborough to Lincoln railway line crosses the B1397 , at a level crossing in Risegate , and passes through the hamlet of Westhorpe further north . When this line was known as the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway , it had a railway station . [ citation needed ] The parish church of Gosberton is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul , and is under the Diocese of Lincoln . Gosberton Clough 's wooden church is dedicated to St Gilbert and St Hugh . These two churches and that at Quadring are in the same Group , based in Gosberton ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hop_Pole', 'summary': 'Hop Pole is a small Hamlet in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated between Deeping St. James and Deeping St. Nicholas , and on the A1175 Littleworth Drove road . No separate population statistic is available for Hop Pole . The best available report is for the whole Deeping St Nicholas civil parish with a total of 1323 people within 505 dwellings . There are approximately 40 homes in Hop Pole , around 105 people pro rata . Hop Pole falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pinchbeck,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Pinchbeck is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . The civil parish population was 5,153 at the 2001 census , increasing to 5,455 at the 2011 census . It is situated 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north from the centre of Spalding .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pode_Hole', 'summary': "Pode Hole is a small village 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) to the west of the centre of Spalding , Lincolnshire , England . The village lies at the confluence of several drainage channels , where two pumping stations discharge water into Vernatt 's Drain from land in Deeping Fen to the South and West . Water from Pinchbeck South Fen to the North is also lifted into Vernatt 's Drain . The village arose to service the pumping stations . The village is largely a Ribbon development stretching from the Pumping stations and the Fishermans Arms public house along Bourne Road toward Spalding . The village post office and small shop is now also a bed and breakfast , and an outside catering service . No separate population statistic is available for Pode Hole . The best available report is for the whole Pinchbeck civil parish , which covers several settlements north and east of Spalding with a total of 5,153 . At the 2011 census population details can be found under the civil parish of Pinchbeck . The name may well be a reference to a marshy location , possibly with a population of frogs and toads . Pode Hole farm , near Thorney probably derives its name the same way . Pode Hole has one of the earliest rain gauge records of precipitation , beginning in 1726 Pode Hole falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board , successors to the original Deeping Fen commissioners ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Quadring', 'summary': "Quadring is a small village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire and is home to the Wheatley 's . It lies on the A152 , 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north-east of Gosberton , and 2 miles south-east of Donington . It is widely tipped to become a tourist hot spot once Wheatley Manor is open to the public . The village includes the community of Barholme to its south-west . To the east of Quadring is Quadring Eaudike , and to the west is Quadring Fen . Nearby to the west is the Peterborough to Lincoln Line . The A152 ( as Main Road within the village ) transects Quadring and provides links to Spalding , Boston , Donington and Gosberton . The village name is derived from the Old English cwead+haefer+ingas ( Muddy settlement of Haefer ) , and is recorded in the Domesday Book as Quadheveringe and Quedhaveringe . The Grade I listed village church , dedicated to St Margaret of Antioch , lies at Church End , north of , and separate from , the village . Mainly an example of Perpendicular architecture , it was rebuilt in 1872 . Other listed buildings include a Grade II cottage , house , granary , coaching house , farm , and farm house ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Quadring_Fen', 'summary': 'Quadring Fen is a hamlet in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) south from the A52 road , 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) east of Billingborough and about 7 miles ( 11 km ) north-west from Spalding . The village of Quadring is 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) to the east . The smaller settlement of Quadring High Fen is 0.5 miles ( 0.8 km ) to the south . Quadring Fen forms part of the Lincolnshire Fens which was an area of low-lying land prone to flooding prior to drainage works being carried out between 1635 and 1638 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Surfleet', 'summary': 'Surfleet is a small village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the B1356 road , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) north of Spalding , in the Lincolnshire fens . The River Glen runs through the village . The village has a population of 1,301 people , increasing to 1,338 at the 2011 census , many of whom commute to regional population centres such as Spalding , Boston and Peterborough .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tongue_End', 'summary': "Tongue End is a small village in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 4 miles ( 6 km ) east from Bourne and 6 miles ( 10 km ) south-west from Spalding , and alongside the Counter Drain that runs between Baston and Pode Hole . Tongue End comprises Victorian red-brick farmworkers ' cottages and early 20th-century former council houses . It once had a village school ( built in 1876 ) , and three public houses . The name is said to refer to the shape of the land between the rivers Glen and Bourne Eau . [ citation needed ] There is a location on the Stamford Canal which is similarly formed and has the same name . Tongue End falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board . Gilbert Heathcote 's tunnel drained into the Counter Drain nearby ."}]}, {'value': 'South Holland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Holland,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire . The district council is based in Spalding . It was formed on 1 April 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , as a merger of the Spalding urban district with East Elloe Rural District and Spalding Rural District . All these were previously in the administrative county of Holland . South Holland borders the borough of Boston to the north , The Wash and the county of Norfolk to the east , the county of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough unitary authority to the south , the Lincolnshire district of South Kesteven to the west , and the district of North Kesteven to the north-west .'}]}, {'value': 'PE12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SPALDING', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spalding ( eastern outskirts ) , Cowbit , Gedney , Fleet , Holbeach , Holbeach Drove , Little Sutton , Long Sutton , Moulton , Sutton Bridge , Weston , Weston Hills , Whaplode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cowbit', 'summary': 'Cowbit ( locally pronounced Cubbit ) is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,220 . It is situated 3 miles ( 5 km ) south from Spalding and 5 miles ( 8 km ) north from Crowland . Cowbit falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board . Cowbit Grade I listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Mary . The church was built on a small scale in the 14th century by Prior de Moulton of Spalding . A chancel and Perpendicular tower were added by Bishop Russell of Lincoln in 1487 . Restoration was carried out in 1882 . A Wesleyan chapel was built in 1842 , and rebuilt in 1861 . To the south , on the road to the hamlet of Peak Hill , is a stone named after St Guthlac , being a boundary marker for the earlier lands of Crowland Abbey . The village contains a Grade II listed early 19th-century mill , a Church of England primary school , public play area , village hall , a garage , and a village store . On 16 October 2011 work was completed on a new bypass for the A1073 , which previously ran through the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gedney,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': "Gedney is a village , civil parish and electoral ward in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is just to the south of the A17 Boston to King 's Lynn road , 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) east from Holbeach and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north-west from Long Sutton . The parish stretches east to The Wash , its villages and hamlets including Dawsmere , Gedney Broadgate , Gedney Drove End , Gedney Dyke , Gedney Marsh , and the geographic extension of Gedney Church End ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fleet,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Fleet is a village , civil parish and electoral ward in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It lies on Delph Bank , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south-east from Holbeach . The population of the civil parish , including Fleet Hargate , at the 2011 census was 2136 . In 1086 , Fleet was listed as Fleot ( Old English : the stream , estuary or creek ) , in the wapentake of Elloe in the Parts of Holland of Lincolnshire . The Grade I listed Church of England parish church , dating from the late 12th century , is dedicated to St Mary Magdalene . The 120 feet ( 37 m ) church tower with spire is detached from the nave by 15 feet ( 4.6 m ) . The fabric is mainly Decorated in style , with Early English arcades and a Perpendicular west window . According to Cox ( 1916 ) , the church was restored in 1860 , when the chancel was rebuilt , although the canopied sedilia was retained . In 1964 Pevsner noted 1798 repairs and considered the church over-restored . He dated a chancel rebuild to 1843 , questioned if it was done correctly , and recorded Victorian tracery in the aisle windows , a blocked doorway to a previous chapel in the chancel , fine busts of great variety , a Decorated-style sedilia and piscina with ogee arches and crocketed gables , a reredos dated 1790 , and a defaced 14th-century effigy . Pevsner also recorded an 1854 red-brick rectory designed by Benjamin Ferrey , and a motte south-west of the village where 11th- and 12th-century pottery has been found . The English Heritage record for the now ploughed-down motte site details finds from the Iron Age to the 18th century .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Holbeach', 'summary': "Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire , England . The town lies 8 miles ( 13 km ) from Spalding ; 17 miles ( 27 km ) from Boston ; 20 miles ( 32 km ) from King 's Lynn ; 23 miles ( 37 km ) from Peterborough ; and 43 miles ( 69 km ) by road from the county town of Lincoln . It is on the junction of the A151 and A17 . The main High Street is the B1515 . The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Holbeach_Drove', 'summary': 'Holbeach Drove is a village in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 5 miles ( 8 km ) east from Crowland , and at the junction of the B1166 and the B1168 roads .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_Sutton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Little Sutton is a small civil parish , containing a few farms , situated between the much larger parishes of Long Sutton and Sutton Bridge , in Lincolnshire , England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Long_Sutton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Long Sutton , is a market town in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It lies in the Lincolnshire Fens , close to the Wash and 13 miles ( 21 km ) east from Spalding .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Moulton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Moulton is a village in the civil parish of The Moultons , in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the B1537 road , 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) east from the centre of Spalding and 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) west from Holbeach . Moulton is the primary village of an extensive Fenland parish , over 16 miles ( 26 km ) in length . The civil parish includes the smaller villages of Moulton Chapel , Moulton Seas End and Moulton Eaugate . The separate village of Moulton Chapel is about 2 miles ( 3 km ) south of Moulton and a similar distance east of Cowbit .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sutton_Bridge', 'summary': "Sutton Bridge is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the A17 road , 7 miles ( 11 km ) north from Wisbech and 9 miles ( 14 km ) west from King 's Lynn . The village includes a commercial dock on the west bank of the River Nene over which spans a swing bridge , and the parish , two 19th-century lighthouses 3 miles ( 5 km ) to the north from the village on the river Nene ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Weston,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Weston is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 2 miles ( 3 km ) north-east from the town of Spalding . The Civil Parish also includes Weston Hills . The population of the civil parish including Austendike was at the 2011 census 2,054 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Weston_Hills,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Weston Hills is a hamlet in the civil parish of Weston in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . Weston Hills , a linear village on a north-south axis , is situated approximately 2 miles ( 3 km ) east from the town of Spalding . Its highest point is 10 feet ( 3.0 m ) above sea level . On 2 October 1942 , an American Boeing B-17F bomber crashed at Weston Hills . A McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighter jet crashed in a field next to Weston Hills on 8 October 2014 . The pilot ejected and survived the crash ; no injuries were reported . The local school is Weston Hills C of E Primary School .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Whaplode', 'summary': "Whaplode is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire , England . It is just west of the Prime Meridian . The parish includes the village of Whaplode Drove , and the hamlets of Shepeau Stow , Dowsdale , Whaplode St Catherine , and Saracen 's Head ."}]}, {'value': 'South Holland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WISBECH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wisbech ( most of ) , Guyhirn , Murrow , Parson Drove , Tydd St. Giles , Wisbech St. Mary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wisbech', 'summary': "Wisbech ( /ˈwɪzbiːtʃ/ WIZ-beech ) also known as 'the capital of the fens ' is a Fenland market town , inland port and civil parish in the Fens of the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England . It had a population of 31,573 in 2011 . The town lies in the far north-east of the county , bordering Norfolk and only 5 miles ( 8 km ) south of Lincolnshire . The tidal River Nene running through the town centre is spanned by two bridges . Before the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 Wisbech was a municipal borough ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Guyhirn', 'summary': 'Guyhirn is a village near the town of Wisbech in Cambridgeshire , England . It is on the northern bank of the River Nene , at the junction of the A141 with the A47 . The population is included in the civil parish of Wisbech St Mary .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Murrow,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Murrow is a village in the civil parish of Wisbech St Mary , in Cambridgeshire , England . The village is on Murrow Bank , the B1187 road , 5 miles ( 8 km ) west from the town of Wisbech . Its population is included in the civil parish of Parson Drove . [ citation needed ] Murrow has a village store , and The Bell Inn public house which is owned by Elgood 's Brewery ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Parson_Drove', 'summary': "Parson Drove is a fen village in Cambridgeshire , England . A linear settlement , it is approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Wisbech , the nearest town . The village is named after the central thoroughfare along which the village developed , a green drove , much wider than the current metalled road ( B1166 ) . The population at the 2001 Census was 1,030 . The population is included in the civil parish of Wisbech St Mary . [ citation needed ] Other nearby towns include Peterborough , 19 miles ( 31 km ) to the west , and King 's Lynn , 21 miles ( 34 km ) to the east ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tydd_St_Giles', 'summary': 'Tydd St Giles is a village in the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England . It is the northernmost village in Cambridgeshire ( bordering Lincolnshire ) , on the same latitude as Midlands towns such as Loughborough , Leicestershire and Shrewsbury , Shropshire . The village is in the distribution area of one local free newspaper , The Fenland Citizen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wisbech_St_Mary', 'summary': 'Wisbech St Mary is a small village , 2 miles ( 3 km ) west of the town of Wisbech the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire , England . and lies between two roads , the B1169 and the A47 . The population ( including Guyhirn and Thorney Toll ) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 3,556 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fenland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WISBECH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wisbech ( outskirts ) , Elm , Emneth , Emneth Hungate , Marshland St. James , Outwell , Terrington St. John , Tipps End , Upwell , Walpole Highway , Walpole St Peter , Walpole St Andrew , Walsoken , Welney , West Walton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wisbech', 'summary': "Wisbech ( /ˈwɪzbiːtʃ/ WIZ-beech ) also known as 'the capital of the fens ' is a Fenland market town , inland port and civil parish in the Fens of the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England . It had a population of 31,573 in 2011 . The town lies in the far north-east of the county , bordering Norfolk and only 5 miles ( 8 km ) south of Lincolnshire . The tidal River Nene running through the town centre is spanned by two bridges . Before the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 Wisbech was a municipal borough ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elm,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Elm is a village and civil parish in the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire , England . The parish at the northeast is at the county boundary with Norfolk , and at the northwest , market town of Wisbech . The northern part of Elm village , at Elm Low Road , acts as a suburb of Wisbech . The civil parish had a resident population of 3,295 , as recorded during the 2001 United Kingdom census . The population including Coldham , Collett 's Bridge , Friday Bridge and Ring 's End was 3,962 at the 2011 Census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Emneth', 'summary': "Emneth is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . The village is 58 miles ( 93 km ) west of Norwich , 15.4 miles ( 24.8 km ) south-west of King 's Lynn and 99.6 miles ( 160.3 km ) north of London . The nearest town is Wisbech which is 3.3 miles ( 5.3 km ) north-north-west of the village . The Village lies to the south-west of the route of the A47 between Peterborough and King 's Lynn . The nearest railway station is at Downham Market for the Fen Line which runs between King 's Lynn and Cambridge . The nearest airport is Cambridge International Airport . The parish of Emneth in the 2001 census , has a population of 2,466 , increasing to 2,617 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , the parish falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Emneth_Hungate', 'summary': 'Emneth Hungate is a small settlement near the village of Emneth in Norfolk , England , close to the Cambridgeshire border . It once had its own Emneth railway station on the now closed line between Watlington and Wisbech .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marshland_St._James', 'summary': "Marshland St James is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . It covers an area of 25.69 km2 ( 9.92 sq mi ) and had a population of 1,137 in 456 households at the 2001 census , increasing to 1,209 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , it falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . Churches Marshland St James had multiple churches which are Anglican and Methodist . The parish church is St James in the deanery of Lynn Marshland , in the archdeaconry of Wisbech . The original Church of England church was St Jame . It was founded in 1837 and closed in 2002 . The church did not have a graveyard . The church does not have a graveyard . Marshland Fen Methodist Church was founded before 1907 . The Primitive Methodist church was an early 19th century ( 1807 ) secession from the Wesleyan Methodist church and was particularly successful in evangelising agricultural and industrial communities at open meetings . In 1932 the Primitive Methodists joined with the Wesleyan Methodists and the United Methodists to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Outwell', 'summary': "Outwell is a village and civil parish in the borough of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk , in the English county of Norfolk . At the 2011 Census , the parish had a population of 2,083 , an increase from 1,880 at the 2001 Census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Terrington_St._John', 'summary': "Terrington St John is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . The village lies to the south of the route of the A47 between Peterborough and Kings Lynn . It covers an area of 8.26 km2 ( 3.19 sq mi ) and had a population of 882 in 336 households at the 2001 census , the population slightly increasing to 891 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , it falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . The Church of St John is a Grade I listed building ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tipps_End', 'summary': 'Tipps End is an English hamlet which lies on the B1100 road in between Welney and Christchurch , Cambridgeshire . It lies right on the border of Cambridgeshire and Norfolk , 8 kilometres ( 5.0 mi ) to the east of March , Cambridgeshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Upwell', 'summary': 'Upwell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . Upwell village is on the A1101 road , as is Outwell , its conjoined village at the north . The nearest towns are Wisbech to the north-west and Downham Market to the east . The parish covers an area of 27.65 km2 ( 10.68 sq mi ) and had a population of 2,456 in 1,033 households at the 2001 census , increasing to 2,750 at the 2011 Census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walpole_Highway', 'summary': "Walpole Highway is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk . It covers an area of 10.48 km2 ( 4.05 sq mi ) and had a population of 685 in 266 households at the 2001 census , the population increasing to 701 at the 2011 census . For the purposes of local government , it falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . The village lies to the south of the route of the A47 between Peterborough and King 's Lynn ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Walpole_St_Peter', 'summary': "Walpole is a civil parish in Norfolk , England . The parish includes the conjoined villages of Walpole St Andrew and Walpole St Peter . Walpole Highway and Walpole Cross Keys are separate civil parishes . The parish covers an area of 19.27 km2 ( 7.44 sq mi ) , and had a population of 1,707 in 654 households as of the 2001 Census , the population increasing to 1,804 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , Walpole falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . An electoral ward in the same name exists . This ward had a population at the 2011 Census of 2,322 . Edmund of Walpole was Abbot of Bury St Edmunds from 1248 to 1256 . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Walpole_St_Andrew', 'summary': "Walpole is a civil parish in Norfolk , England . The parish includes the conjoined villages of Walpole St Andrew and Walpole St Peter . Walpole Highway and Walpole Cross Keys are separate civil parishes . The parish covers an area of 19.27 km2 ( 7.44 sq mi ) , and had a population of 1,707 in 654 households as of the 2001 Census , the population increasing to 1,804 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , Walpole falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . An electoral ward in the same name exists . This ward had a population at the 2011 Census of 2,322 . Edmund of Walpole was Abbot of Bury St Edmunds from 1248 to 1256 . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Walsoken', 'summary': "Walsoken is a settlement and civil parish in Norfolk , England , which is conjoined as a suburb at the northeast of the town of Wisbech , Cambridgeshire . The parish of Walsoken in the 2001 census , has a population of 1,484 rising slightly to 1,489 at the 2011 Census . For the purposes of local government , the parish falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Welney', 'summary': "Welney is a village and civil parish in the Fens of England , and the county of Norfolk . The village is about 10 miles ( 16 km ) south-west of the town of Downham Market , 20 miles ( 30 km ) south of the town of King 's Lynn and 45 miles ( 70 km ) west of the city of Norwich . The county boundary with Cambridgeshire is adjacent , with the city of Cambridge 25 miles ( 40 km ) to the south . Welney is immediately to the west of the Old Bedford River , River Delph and New Bedford River , which are all parallel channels and are here crossed by the A1101 road . Welney is on the Ouse Washes , an area of wildlife conservation . WWT Welney , near the village , is a nature reserve in the care of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust . Nearby , there are also the RSPB Ouse Washes , a reserve managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds . The parish covers an area of 8 square miles ( 20 km2 ) and had a population of 528 in 217 households at the 2001 census ; the population increased to 542 at the 2011 Census . [ citation needed ] For the purposes of local government , the parish falls within the district of King 's Lynn and West Norfolk . [ citation needed ] In the 14th century , Welney was called Wellenhe , meaning a river called Welle ( the old name of the Old Croft River ) . [ citation needed ] In the second half of the 19th century Welney became significant for its skaters . On 21 February 1855 , Turkey Smart of Welney became champion skater of the Fens ."}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Walton', 'summary': "West Walton is a village and civil parish in the King 's Lynn and West Norfolk District of Norfolk , England . The parish of West Walton , in the 2001 Census , had a population of 1,659 , increasing to 1,731 at the 2011 Census ."}]}, {'value': "Fenland , King 's Lynn and West Norfolk", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Lynn_and_West_Norfolk", 'summary': "King 's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district and borough in Norfolk , England . Its council is based in the town of King 's Lynn . The population of the Local Authority at the 2011 Census was 147,451 ."}]}, {'value': 'PE15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MARCH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March , Benwick , Doddington , Manea , Wimblington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/March,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'March is a Fenland market town and civil parish in the Isle of Ely area of Cambridgeshire , England . It was the county town of the Isle of Ely which was a separate administrative county from 1889 to 1965 . It is now the administrative centre of Fenland District Council . The town grew by becoming an important railway centre . Like many Fenland towns , March was once an island surrounded by marshes . It occupied the second largest island in the Great Level . As the land drained , the town grew and prospered as a trading and religious centre . It was also a minor port before , in more recent times , a market town and an administrative and railway centre . March is situated on the banks of the navigable old course of the River Nene , today mainly used by pleasure boats .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Benwick', 'summary': 'Benwick is a village and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire , England . It is approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) from Peterborough and 30 miles ( 48 km ) from Cambridge . The population of Benwick was recorded as 1137 in the United Kingdom Census 2011 with 452 households .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Doddington,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Doddington is a village and civil parish lying just off the A141 in the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , approximately half way ( 4 miles ( 6 km ) ) between Chatteris ( to the south ) and March ( to the north )'}, {'url': '/wiki/Manea,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Manea /ˈmeɪniː/ is a village and civil parish in the District of Fenland , Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England . The population ( including Welches Dam ) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 2,088 . Significant landmarks are Manea railway station and RSPB Welches Dam nature reserve on the Ouse Washes . Manea men 's football team compete in local leagues and cup competitions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wimblington', 'summary': 'Wimblington is a village in the Isle of Ely , Cambridgeshire , England , with a population of 1700 as of the 2001 census , including Stonea and increasing to 2,211 at the 2011 Census . [ failed verification ]'}]}, {'value': 'Fenland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHATTERIS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatteris , Swingbrow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatteris', 'summary': "Chatteris /ˈtʃætɛrɪs/ is a civil parish and one of the four market towns in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire , England , situated in The Fens between Huntingdon , March and Ely . The town is in the North East Cambridgeshire parliamentary constituency . The parish of Chatteris is large , covering 6,099 hectares , and for much of its history was a raised island in the low-lying wetland of the Fens . Mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 , the town has evidence of settlement from the Neolithic period . After several fires in the 18th and 19th centuries , the majority of the town 's housing dates from the late Victorian period onwards , with the tower of the parish church the only medieval building remaining . Following the draining of the Fens , beginning in the 17th century and completed in the 19th century , the town 's economy has been based on agriculture and related industry . Due to its proximity to Cambridge , Huntingdon and Peterborough , the town has emerged as a commuter town . The town had a population of 10,453 at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Swingbrow', 'summary': 'Swingbrow ( sometimes written Swing Brow ) is a hamlet near to Chatteris , Cambridgeshire lying alongside the Forty Foot Drain built by Vermuyden . A Neolithic ( 4000 BC to 2201 BC ) perforated object was discovered on the site , but the current buildings on the site are largely modern . The hamlet formerly had a pub , the Ram Inn , which is now a residence , and a saddlery , now demolished . No official signs denote the hamlet because it is not safe to install these on the banks of the drain . The hamlet comprises two roads ( droves ) ; First Drove and Second Drove .'}]}, {'value': 'Fenland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST. NEOTS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Neots , Abbotsley , Buckden , Croxton , Diddington , Duloe , Eaton Ford , Eaton Socon , Eltisley , Eynesbury , Graveley , Great Paxton , Great Staughton , Hail Weston , Honeydon , Little Barford , Little Paxton , Offord Cluny , Southoe , Staploe , Toseland , Yelling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Neots', 'summary': "St Neots /sɛnʔ ˈniːəts/ [ b ] is a town and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire District of the county of Cambridgeshire , England 14 miles ( 23 km ) west of Cambridge , to which it is linked by a near-straight arterial road and 50 miles ( 80 km ) north of central London . It has a railway station , a minor stop , on the East Coast Main Line . [ c ] It straddles the River Great Ouse and has its market place and high street on the right ( east ) bank in the historic , no longer ceremonial county of Huntingdonshire . It has officially taken in as suburbs long-settled parts of Bedfordshire : Eaton Socon ( /iːtən soʊkən/ ) and Eaton Ford . The latter linked by a high bridge and causeway has the town 's main riverside parkland and golf course . It is the largest town in Cambridgeshire only surpassed by its two cities . [ d ] The town is named after the Cornish monk Saint Neot , whose bones were subject to translation from the hamlet of St Neot on Bodmin Moor on consecration of the , now ruinous , Priory of St Neots ( St Neots Priory ) circa 980 . Pilgrimage to the priory church and parish church brought prosperity to the settlement and it was granted a market charter in 1130 . Within the compact town centre is the church of Eynesbury , covering an Anglican parish reaching more than a kilometre to the south-east . In the 18th and 19th centuries the town enjoyed further prosperity through corn milling , brewing , stagecoach traffic and railways . After the Second World War the town and its industry were chosen for rapid growth as London councils paid for new housing to be built in the town to rehouse families from London . The first London overspill housing was completed in the early 1960s and new housing has continued at a slightly lower rate such that the population , even with the additions from Bedfordshire and their former headcounts , is approximately four times that of the 1920s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Abbotsley', 'summary': 'Abbotsley is a village and civil parish within the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire , England . It is three miles from St Neots and 14 miles from the county town of Cambridge . At the time of the 2001 census , the resident population was 425 people living in 164 households . increasing to a population of 446 at the 2011 Census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Buckden,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Buckden is a village and civil parish 3.7 miles ( 6.0 km ) north of St Neots and 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) south-west of Huntingdon , England . It lies in Huntingdonshire , a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and a historic county . The hamlets of Stirtloe and Hardwick are also in the parish . Buckden lies close to three major transport routes of past and present . The River Great Ouse forms the eastern boundary of the parish ; the Great North Road used to pass through the centre of the village , although now there is a bypass just to the west ; the East Coast Mainline runs along the eastern side of the Great Ouse valley in the neighbouring parish of The Offords .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Croxton,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Croxton is a village and civil parish about 13 miles ( 21 km ) west of Cambridge in South Cambridgeshire , England . In 2001 , the resident population was 163 people , falling slightly to 160 at the 2011 Census . Croxton Park is to the south of the current village and contains a large house and parkland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diddington', 'summary': 'Diddington is a small village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Diddington lies approximately 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Huntingdon , near to Buckden . Diddington is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . Its population at the time of the 2011 census was 139 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duloe,_Bedfordshire', 'summary': 'Duloe is a hamlet in the English county of Bedfordshire . Administratively it is part of the civil parish of Staploe that , in turn , forms part of the Borough of Bedford . The nearest town is St Neots two miles to the east over the border into Cambridgeshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eaton_Ford', 'summary': 'Eaton Ford is an area of St Neots ( in which the population is included ) , historically in Bedfordshire and for local government purposes included in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire , England . On transfer to Huntingdonshire in 1965 it was a recently large urban hamlet in Bedfordshire , then that county was transferred to Cambridgeshire . It is still part of the ecclesiastical parish of Eaton Socon also on the west bank of the Great Ouse facing the town centre across meadows . An old cluster of houses is identifiable with a triangular village green . Old farmhouses are dotted among newer houses .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eaton_Socon', 'summary': 'Eaton Socon /iːtən soʊkən/ is an area of St Neots town , having been a village , in Cambridgeshire , England . It was originally in Bedfordshire , along with the similar parish ( and ex-village ) to the north of Eaton Ford , but officially became part of the town in 1965 . Its housing grew and its population more than doubled : 1931 to 2001 . [ a ] It was absorbed into Huntingdonshire , which was in turn absorbed into Cambridgeshire . The population was , as at the year 2011 , 5,704 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eltisley', 'summary': 'Eltisley is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire , England , on the A428 road about 5.5 miles ( 9 km ) east of St Neots and about 11 miles ( 18 km ) west of the city of Cambridge . The population in 2001 was 421 people , falling slightly to 401 at the 2011 Census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eynesbury,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Eynesbury is a settlement in Cambridgeshire , England . Eynesbury takes in a full south-east quadrant of present-day St Neots , but before 1876 was in civil realms a separate parish , which it remains as to Anglican parish , reaching from the town centre more than one kilometre to the south-east . It was in Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire , its co-administrative area , being a historic county of England . The vast bulk of its housing is contiguous with St Neots .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Graveley,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Graveley is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire , England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Paxton', 'summary': 'Great Paxton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England lying 2.6 miles ( 4.2 km ) north of St Neots in the Great Ouse river valley . The population was 1,007 in the 2011 census . Despite its name , Great Paxton is much smaller than the neighbouring village of Little Paxton .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Staughton', 'summary': 'Great Staughton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Great Staughton lies approximately 8 miles ( 13 km ) south-west of Huntingdon . Great Staughton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hail_Weston', 'summary': 'Hail Weston is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . Hail Weston lies approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) south of Huntingdon . Hail Weston is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Honeydon', 'summary': 'Honeydon is a hamlet located in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire , England . Honeydon lies in the civil parish of Staploe ( where the 2011 Census population was included ) , and is close to Upper Staploe and Begwary . The settlement is also close to the border of Huntingdonshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_Barford', 'summary': 'Little Barford is a hamlet and civil parish in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire , England about 7 miles ( 11 km ) northeast of the county town of Bedford . The 2011 census combines other data for Little Barford with Wyboston , Chawston and Colesden civil parish but its population is separately shown as 44 . Little Barford Power Station is to the north of the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_Paxton', 'summary': 'Little Paxton in Cambridgeshire , England is a village and civil parish that lies 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) south of Huntingdon and 1.7 miles ( 2.7 km ) north of St Neots . It is in the district and historic county of Huntingdonshire . Until the 1970s it was a minor village and the church was under threat of closure . The building of a housing estate and a junior school revived its fortunes and the establishment of the Paxton Pits Nature Reserve around part of the nearby gravel pits has brought visitors to the village . The nature reserve features lakes , woodland and part of the Ouse floodplain and is home to large numbers of cormorants and many summer visitors such as nightingales and a large number of passerine birds . Grebes , ducks and geese have colonised the lakes . The population of the village of Little Paxton is now much larger than that of Great Paxton .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Offord_Cluny', 'summary': "Offord Cluny is a small village 4.9 miles ( 7.9 km ) north of St Neots and 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south-west of Huntingdon . Offord Cluny is in Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England . Offord Cluny is the twin village of Offord D'Arcy and together they are known as The Offords . At the time of the 2001 census , the population of Offord Cluny was 502 people . Historically both had their own parish councils but these were merged in 2009 . Council tax rates are higher in Offord Cluny than in Offord D'Arcy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Southoe', 'summary': 'Southoe is a small village in Cambridgeshire , England . Southoe lies approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) south-west of Huntingdon on the A1 . Southoe is in the civil parish of Southoe and Midloe . Southoe is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England . The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Little Paxton . The church is central in the village and the south doorway contains parts that are of Norman origin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Staploe', 'summary': 'Staploe is a village and civil parish located in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire , England . Staploe was originally a hamlet of Eaton Socon . Under the Local Government Act 1958 , Eaton Socon was merged with the neighbouring town of St Neots in Cambridgeshire . Staploe was therefore created as a civil parish in 1965 . The parish of Staploe includes other former parts of Eaton Socon - Duloe , Honeydon , and Upper Staploe . Bushmead Priory and the hamlet of Bushmead are also in the parish .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toseland,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': "Toseland is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire , England . The name Toseland is Scandinavian and has connections to the Old Norse word 'lunde ' translated as a type of sacred or small wood . The parish is neighbours with nearby parishes within Cambridgeshire such as Yelling , Gravely , Great Paxton and St Agnes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yelling,_Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Yelling is a linear village and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire administrative district of Cambridgeshire , England . The village is about 5 miles ( 8 km ) east of St Neots and 6 miles ( 10 km ) south of Huntingdon .'}]}, {'value': 'Huntingdonshire , Bedford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford', 'summary': "Bedford is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Bedfordshire , England . Its council is based at Bedford , the county town of Bedfordshire . The borough contains one large urban area , the 71st largest in the United Kingdom that comprises Bedford and the adjacent town of Kempston , surrounded by a rural area with many villages . 75% of the borough 's population live in the Bedford Urban Area and the five large villages which surround it , which makes up slightly less than 6% of the total land area of the Borough . The borough is also the location of the Wixams new town development , which received its first residents in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'PE20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOSTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algarkirk , Amber Hill , Bicker , Brothertoft , Fosdyke , Frampton , Kirton , Sutterton , Swineshead , Wigtoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algarkirk', 'summary': "Algarkirk ( /ˈældʒərkɜːrk/ AL-jər-kurk ) is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston in Lincolnshire , England . It is situated 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) south-south-west from Boston and near the A16 road . It has a population of 406 , falling to 386 at the 2011 census . An alternative village spelling is 'Algakirk ' . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Amber_Hill', 'summary': 'Amber Hill is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire , England , approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) west-north-west from Boston . The 2001 Census measured its population at 268 , increasing to 294 at the 2011 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bicker,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Bicker is a village in the Borough of Boston , Lincolnshire , England . The population of the village was 941 at the 2011 census . It is situated approximately 9 miles ( 10 km ) west-south-west from Boston , and on the A52 road .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brothertoft', 'summary': 'Brothertoft is a village in Lincolnshire , England , about 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) north-west from the market town of Boston . It is part of the civil parish of Holland Fen with Brothertoft .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fosdyke', 'summary': 'Fosdyke is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston , Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 480 . It is situated approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) south from Boston , just off the A17 , and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) east from the junction of the A17 with the A16 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frampton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Frampton is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston , Lincolnshire , England . The village is situated approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) south from the town of Boston and to the east ( the seaward side ) of the A16 , which runs along the townlands . The village lies on the edge of one of the great marine creek levees formed during the Bronze Age , 2 miles ( 3 km ) to 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) from the modern salt marsh . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,299 . The village is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston in the county of Lincolnshire . Local governance of Frampton was reorganised on 1 April 1974 , as a result of the Local Government Act 1972 . The parish forms its own electoral ward . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kirton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Kirton , or Kirton in Holland , is an English village and civil parish within the Borough of Boston , in Lincolnshire . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 5,371 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sutterton', 'summary': 'Sutterton is a village and rural parish in the Boston District of Lincolnshire , England . The population of the Civil Parish at the 2011 census was 1,585 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swineshead,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Swineshead is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire , England , approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of the town of Boston . The population of the civil parish including Baythorpe was 2,810 at the 2011 census . The parish includes the areas of Swineshead Bridge and North End to the north , Fenhouses and Blackjack to the east , and Drayton to the south .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wigtoft', 'summary': 'Wigtoft is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire , England . It is situated on the A17 road , 6 miles ( 10 km ) geographically south-west from Boston , Lincolnshire , and 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) west from Sutterton . Included in Wigtoft civil parish are the hamlets of Asperton and Burtoft . Wigtoft is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston . The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . This parish forms part of the Five Villages electoral ward . Previously , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself . The parish church is a Grade I listed building dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul and dating from the 12th to 15th centuries , and restored in 1891 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borough_of_Boston', 'summary': 'The Borough of Boston is a local government district with borough status in Lincolnshire , England . Its council is based in the town of Boston . The borough borders East Lindsey to the north , North Kesteven to the west and South Holland to the south . To the east is The Wash. At the 2011 Census , the population of the borough was 64,637 .'}]}, {'value': 'PE21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOSTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston , Fishtoft , Wyberton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': "Boston is a town and small port in Lincolnshire , on the east coast of England , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) north of London . It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district . The town itself had a population of 35,124 at the 2001 census , while the borough had a total population of 66,900 , at the ONS mid-2015 estimates . It is north of Greenwich on the Prime Meridian . Boston 's most notable landmark is St Botolph 's Church ( The Stump ) , the largest parish church in England , visible for miles around from the flat lands of Lincolnshire . Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians . Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town , most notably Boston , Massachusetts , in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fishtoft', 'summary': 'Fishtoft is one of eighteen civil parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston in the county of Lincolnshire , England . Local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganization of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . This parish forms an electoral ward in itself . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 6,835 . The origin of the place-name is from the Old Norse word toft meaning a building site or a curtilage . The addition of Fish in the 15th century may be a family name or may indicate a connection with fishing . The place-name appears as Toft in the Domesday Book of 1086 and as Fishtoft in 1416 . The parish lies along the north-east side of The Haven and accommodates the Pilgrim Fathers Memorial at Scotia Creek . Fishtoft comprises three aspects - open countryside , the village of Fishtoft , and suburban overspill from Boston .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wyberton', 'summary': 'Wyberton is a village in Lincolnshire , England . It lies just south-west of Boston , and on the B1397 - the former A16 London Road - between Boston and Kirton . The A16 along the former East Lincolnshire railway line bisects the village . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 3,747 . Wyberton is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston . The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganization of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . Wyberton forms an electoral ward in itself . Since the local elections in May 2011 , Wyberton has 2 Boston Borough Councillors , Cllr James Knowles ( Conservative ) and Richard Austin ( Boston District Independents ) Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions - formally known as parts - of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects a county in itself .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PE22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOSTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benington , Butterwick , Carrington , Eastville , Freiston , Friskney , Frithville , Langrick , Leverton , Mareham-le-Fen , Moorby , New Bolingbroke , Old Leake , Revesby , Stickney , Wrangle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benington,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Benington is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston in Lincolnshire , England , and approximately 4 miles ( 6 km ) east of Boston , and on the A52 road . The parish contains the hamlets of Benington Sea End and West End . Nearby villages are Butterwick and Leverton . Benington parish has a population of 569 , increasing to 580 at the 2011 Census . It is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the borough . Local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . The parish forms part of the Coastal electoral ward . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself . The name derives from Old English meaning Bennas farm or settlement . The parish church is a Grade I listed building dedicated to All Saints and dating from the 13th to 15th centuries , although it was restored in 1873 by James Fowler of Louth .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Butterwick,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Butterwick is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston , Lincolnshire , England , It is situated approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) east from the market town of Boston . Butterwick is one of eighteen civil parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston local government arrangement , in place since a reorganisation of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . The parish forms part of the Coastal electoral ward . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the 1888 Local Government Act Holland had been , in most respects , a county in itself . On the nearby coast , Freiston Shore , is a wildlife reserve covering approximately 1,400 acres ( 570 ha ) of brackish lagoon , and a natural and reconstituted salt marsh . [ citation needed ] The name comes from the Old English butere and wic meaning a meeting place , or a butter specialised farm . Butterwick Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Andrew . It contains Early English style arcades and font . In 1916 Cox reported that an ancient sycamore , planted in 1653 , stood in the churchyard . Ordnance survey maps from the 1920s show an agricultural tramway network running west from the village in a u-shape to Butterwick Grange .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carrington,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': "Carrington is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 7 miles ( 11 km ) north from the market town of Boston . The village was created a township in 1812 after the drainage of the West Fen in 1802 , and became a civil parish in 1858 . The civil parish of Carrington also includes the village of New Bolingbroke , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 km ) to the north . and the hamlet of Medlam . The parish has a population of 564 according to the 2001 Census , reducing slightly to 554 at the 2011 Census . Carrington church is dedicated to St Paul , and was built of red brick in 1816 under the Fen Chapel Act ( 1816 ) , with its chancel being added in 1872 . It is a Grade II listed building . Carrington 's school , the Medlam School , was opened in February 1881 by the West Fen United District School Board which existed from 1879 to 1903 . By the time of its closure in 1987 it was known as Carrington County Primary School . Children now attend school in nearby Stickney . Carrington Rally is an annual event which has taken place each spring for over 50 years , and is a steam and tractor show which supports local charities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eastville,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Eastville , a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 9 miles ( 14 km ) north-east from Boston and 6 miles ( 10 km ) south from Spilsby . Eastville was an extra-parochial allotment of the East Fen , which was drained between 1802 and 1813 , and constituted as a township by act of parliament passed in 1812 . It was organized as a civil parish in 1866 . The Anglican parish church in Eastville was dedicated to Saint Paul and built at the same time as the parsonage , house and school . It was authorized under the Fens Churches Act of 1816 . The Victorian Gothic church was consecrated in 1840 by John C. Carter , and was probably built shortly beforehand . It is a Grade II listed building . The church has been closed since 2007 because of structural problems and ground shrinkage making it unstable ; officials have applied to demolish it because there are no funds for restoration . In October 2013 , the judge of the Consistory Court urged the diocese to study alternatives for saving the church , as he did not agree that it should be demolished . The first Eastville school was condemned by an HM Inspector of Schools . A new school was built on the same site by the Eastville School Board ( formed in 1895 ) , and opened in 1897 as the Eastville Board School .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Freiston', 'summary': 'Freiston is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish ( including Freiston Shore ) at the 2011 census was 1,306 . It is situated approximately 2 miles ( 3 km ) east from Boston . The Greenwich Prime Zero meridian line passes between the village and Hobhole Drain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Friskney', 'summary': 'Friskney is a village and civil parish within the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . The parish includes the settlement of Friskney Eaudyke . The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 1,563. in 652 households .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frithville', 'summary': 'Frithville is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . The population is 549 , increasing at the 2011 Census to 568 . It is situated on the B1183 road , approximately 4 miles ( 6 km ) north from Boston , and in the West Fen fenland area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Langrick', 'summary': 'Langrick is a small village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It is in the civil parish of Langriville , and on the B1192 road , 5 miles ( 8 km ) north-west from Boston . The village lies in the Lincolnshire Fens , and less than 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) east from the River Witham .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leverton,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Leverton is a village and civil parish in the Boston district of Lincolnshire , England , about 6 mi ( 10 km ) east-north-east from Boston , on the A52 road . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 689 . It is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston in the county of Lincolnshire , England . The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . This parish forms part of the Coastal electoral ward . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself . Before this , Leverton had been in Skirbeck Wapentake , Parts of Holland . Leverton Grade I listed Anglican church is dedicated to St Helen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mareham_le_Fen', 'summary': 'Mareham le Fen ( otherwise Mareham-le-Fen ) is a village and civil parish about 6 miles ( 10 km ) south from the town of Horncastle , Lincolnshire , England . The hamlet of Mareham Gate lies about 0.5 miles ( 0.8 km ) south from the village , and it is believed that the deserted medieval village ( DMV ) of Birkwood is situated nearby . Mareham le Fen is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book as Marun , with 33 households , 60 acres ( 0.24 km2 ) of meadow , 300 acres ( 1.2 km2 ) of woodland , and a church . The Lord of the Manor was William I . The parish church is dedicated to St Helen , and is a Grade II* listed building of greenstone and dating from the 13th century . It was partially rebuilt in 1879 , and in 1974 the vestry was extended using stone from the demolished church of St Margaret at Woodhall . In the north aisle is a tomb to James Roberts who died 1826 , and sailed in the Endeavour with Captain Cook and Sir Joseph Banks . In the churchyard is a medieval stone cross , which is both Grade II listed and a scheduled monument . Dating from the 14th century , it was restored in 1904 . The Grade II listed Royal Oak public house has a datestone of 1473 , but is believed to date from the 17th century , with 18th- and 20th-century additions . Also in the village is a Grade II listed tower windmill dating from 1820 , although it ceased working as a windmill in 1910.but continued to mill with an engine until mid 1940s Mareham le Fen Church of England Primary School was built in 1840 as a National School and was enlarged in 1880 . Mareham le Fen Victory Silver Band , established in 1919 , plays in the local area at events and services .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Moorby', 'summary': 'Moorby is a small village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . The village is situated 4 miles ( 6 km ) south-east from Horncastle and 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) east from Wood Enderby . The village is in the civil parish of Claxby with Moorby , where Claxby refers to Claxby Pluckacre . Moorby has a population of about 50 inhabitants . At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100 and in included in the civil parish of Wood Enderby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Bolingbroke', 'summary': 'New Bolingbroke is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated in the Lincolnshire Fens , and about 6 miles ( 10 km ) east from Coningsby . The village was established by John Parkinson , who was a steward to Sir Joseph Banks . It is in the civil parish of Carrington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Old_Leake', 'summary': 'Old Leake is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,022 . Old Leake is situated approximately 8 miles ( 13 km ) north-east from Boston , and on the A52 road between Leverton and Wrangle at the junction of the B1184 ( from Sibsey ) . Areas included in the parish are The Gride to the north-west , Leake Commonside and Lade Bank to the north , and Leake Hurns End to the south-east . The coast of The Wash lies 3 miles ( 5 km ) to the east of the village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Revesby,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Revesby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It is 7 miles ( 11 km ) south-east from Horncastle , 8 miles ( 13 km ) east from Woodhall Spa and 14 miles ( 23 km ) north from Boston , and on the A155 . The parish includes the hamlet of Moorhouses 3 miles ( 5 km ) to the south of Revesby village .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stickney,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Stickney is a linear village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire , England . It was an ancient parish in Lincoln County . Its population has increased since late 20th-century immigration and is 1127 as of 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wrangle,_Lincolnshire', 'summary': 'Wrangle is a village in the Boston Borough of Lincolnshire , England . It is situated approximately 9 miles ( 14 km ) north-east from the town of Boston . The population of Wrangle civil parish in 2001 was 1,265 , increasing to 1,397 at the 2011 census . Wrangle is one of eighteen parishes which , together with Boston , form the Borough of Boston . The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974 , which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972 . This parish forms part of the Old Leake and Wrangle electoral ward . Hitherto , the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District , in the Parts of Holland . Holland was one of the three divisions ( formally known as parts ) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire . Since the Local Government Act of 1888 , Holland had been in most respects , a county in itself .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Coverage', 'section_text': 'The approximate coverage of the postcode districts :', 'uid': 'PE_postcode_area_0', 'intro': "The PE postcode area, also known as the Peterborough postcode area, is a group of 38 geographic postcode districts in eastern England, which are subdivisions of 18 post towns. These cover most of Cambridgeshire (post towns Peterborough, Huntingdon, Chatteris, St. Neots, St Ives, March and Wisbech), much of south Lincolnshire (post towns Bourne, Stamford, Spalding, Boston, Skegness and Spilsby) and west Norfolk (including King's Lynn, Hunstanton, Sandringham, Swaffham and Downham Market), plus parts of east Northamptonshire and very small parts of Bedfordshire and Rutland. As at 2020 one non-geographic PE postcode district exists."}
| null | null |
What did the English monarch from the 12th century declare this district covering the village established in 1851 ?
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royal forest
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02f758477d5f2ac4
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Nobel_laureates', 'title': 'List of Australian Nobel laureates', 'header': ['Year', 'Laureate', 'Field', 'Life', 'Citation'], 'data': [{'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons', 'summary': 'The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons ( abbreviated to ICAN , pronounced /ˈaɪkæn/ EYE-kan ) is a global civil society coalition working to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons . The campaign helped bring about this treaty . ICAN was launched in 2007 and counts 541 partner organizations in 103 countries as of 2019 . The campaign received the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons .'}]}, {'value': 'Peace', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian P. Schmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Schmidt', 'summary': "Brian Paul Schmidt AC , FRS , FAA ( born 24 February 1967 ) is the Vice-Chancellor of the Australian National University ( ANU ) . He was previously a Distinguished Professor , Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow and astrophysicist at the University 's Mount Stromlo Observatory and Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics . He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes . He currently holds an Australia Research Council Federation Fellowship and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society ( FRS ) in 2012 . Schmidt shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating , making him the only Montana-born Nobel laureate ."}]}, {'value': 'Physics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae shared with Saul Perlmutter and Adam G. Riess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_Universe', 'summary': "The accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the expansion of the universe is such that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time . The accelerated expansion was discovered during 1998 , by two independent projects , the Supernova Cosmology Project and the High-Z Supernova Search Team , which both used distant type Ia supernovae to measure the acceleration . The idea was that as type 1a supernovae have almost the same intrinsic brightness ( a standard candle ) , and since objects that are further away appear dimmer , we can use the observed brightness of these supernovae to measure the distance to them . The distance can then be compared to the supernovae 's cosmological redshift , which measures how much the universe has expanded since the supernova occurred . The unexpected result was that objects in the universe are moving away from one another at an accelerated rate . Cosmologists at the time expected that recession velocity would always be decelerating , due to the gravitational attraction of the matter in the universe . Three members of these two groups have subsequently been awarded Nobel Prizes for their discovery . Confirmatory evidence has been found in baryon acoustic oscillations , and in analyses of the clustering of galaxies . The accelerated expansion of the universe is thought to have begun since the universe entered its dark-energy-dominated era roughly 4 billion years ago . [ notes 1 ] Within the framework of general relativity , an accelerated expansion can be accounted for by a positive value of the cosmological constant Λ , equivalent to the presence of a positive vacuum energy , dubbed dark energy . While there are alternative possible explanations , the description assuming dark energy ( positive Λ ) is used in the current standard model of cosmology , which also includes cold dark matter ( CDM ) and is known as the Lambda-CDM model ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Supernova', 'summary': "A supernova ( /ˌsuːpərˈnoʊvə/ plural : supernovae /ˌsuːpərˈnoʊviː/ or supernovas , abbreviations : SN and SNe ) is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion . This transient astronomical event occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion . The original object , called the progenitor , either collapses to a neutron star or black hole , or it is completely destroyed . The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy , before fading over several weeks or months . Supernovae are more energetic than novae . In Latin , nova means new , referring astronomically to what appears to be a temporary new bright star . Adding the prefix super- distinguishes supernovae from ordinary novae , which are far less luminous . The word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1931 . The most recent directly observed supernova in the Milky Way was Kepler 's Supernova in 1604 , but the remnants of more recent supernovae have been found . Observations of supernovae in other galaxies suggest they occur in the Milky Way on average about three times every century . These supernovae would almost certainly be observable with modern astronomical telescopes . The most recent naked-eye supernova was SN 1987A , the explosion of a blue supergiant star in the Large Magellanic Cloud , a satellite of the Milky Way ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter', 'summary': 'Saul Perlmutter ( born September 22 , 1959 ) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California , Berkeley . He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences , and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003 . He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences . Perlmutter shared the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy , the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics , and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Adam_G._Riess', 'summary': 'Adam Guy Riess ( born December 16 , 1969 ) is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute and is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes . Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Blackburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn', 'summary': "Elizabeth Helen Blackburn , AC FRS FAA FRSN ( born 26 November 1948 ) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is the former President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies . Previously she was a biological researcher at the University of California , San Francisco , who studied the telomere , a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome . In 1984 , Blackburn co-discovered telomerase , the enzyme that replenishes the telomere , with Carol W. Greider . For this work , she was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , sharing it with Greider and Jack W. Szostak , becoming the first Australian woman Nobel laureate . She also worked in medical ethics , and was controversially dismissed from the Bush Administration 's President 's Council on Bioethics ."}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase shared with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosomes', 'summary': 'A chromosome is a deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) molecule with part or all of the genetic material ( genome ) of an organism . Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins which , aided by chaperone proteins , bind to and condense the DNA molecule to prevent it from becoming an unmanageable tangle . This three-dimensional genome structure plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division ( where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form ) . Before this happens , every chromosome is copied once ( S phase ) , and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure ( pictured here ) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends . The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids . During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome . In this highly condensed form chromosomes are easiest to distinguish and study . In animal cells , chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction play a significant role in genetic diversity . If these structures are manipulated incorrectly , through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation , the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe . Usually , this will make the cell initiate apoptosis leading to its own death , but sometimes mutations in the cell hamper this process and thus cause progression of cancer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Telomeres', 'summary': 'A telomere ( /ˈtɛləmɪər/ or /ˈtɪləmɪər/ ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome , which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes . Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos ( τέλος ) end and merοs ( μέρος , root : μερ- ) part . For vertebrates , the sequence of nucleotides in telomeres is AGGGTT , with the complementary DNA strand being TCCCAA , with a single-stranded TTAGGG overhang . This sequence of TTAGGG is repeated approximately 2,500 times in humans . In humans , average telomere length declines from about 11 kilobases at birth to fewer than 4 kilobases in old age , with the average rate of decline being greater in men than in women . During chromosome replication , the enzymes that duplicate DNA can not continue their duplication all the way to the end of a chromosome , so in each duplication the end of the chromosome is shortened ( this is because the synthesis of Okazaki fragments requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand ) . The telomeres are disposable buffers at the ends of chromosomes which are truncated during cell division ; their presence protects the genes before them on the chromosome from being truncated instead . The telomeres themselves are protected by a complex of shelterin proteins , as well as by the RNA that telomeric DNA encodes ( TERRA ) . Over time , due to each cell division , the telomere ends become shorter . They are replenished by an enzyme , telomerase reverse transcriptase .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Telomerase', 'summary': "Telomerase , also called terminal transferase , is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3 ' end of telomeres . A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of eukaryotic chromosomes in most eukaryotes . Telomeres protect the end of the chromosome from DNA damage or from fusion with neighbouring chromosomes . The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster lacks telomerase , but instead uses retrotransposons to maintain telomeres . Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that carries its own RNA molecule ( e.g. , with the sequence 3′-CCCAAUCCC-5′ in Trypanosoma brucei ) which is used as a template when it elongates telomeres . Telomerase is active in normal stem cells , in gametes and most cancer cells , but is normally absent from , or at very low levels in , most somatic cells ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carol_W._Greider', 'summary': 'Carolyn Widney Carol Greider ( born April 15 , 1961 ) is an American molecular biologist and Nobel laureate . She is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor , Daniel Nathans Professor , and Director of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University . She discovered the enzyme telomerase in 1984 , while she was a graduate student of Elizabeth Blackburn at the University of California , Berkeley . Greider pioneered research on the structure of telomeres , the ends of the chromosomes . She was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine , along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak , for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak', 'summary': 'Jack William Szostak FRS ( born November 9 , 1952 ) is a Canadian American biologist of Polish British descent , Nobel Prize laureate , Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School , and Alexander Rich Distinguished Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston . Szostak has made significant contributions to the field of genetics . His achievement helped scientists to map the location of genes in mammals and to develop techniques for manipulating genes . His research findings in this area are also instrumental to the Human Genome Project . He was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine , along with Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol W. Greider , for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry J. Marshall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_J._Marshall', 'summary': 'Barry James Marshall AC FRACP FRS FAA ( born 30 September 1951 ) is an Australian physician , Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine , and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia . Marshall and Robin Warren showed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) plays a major role in causing many peptic ulcers , challenging decades of medical doctrine holding that ulcers were caused primarily by stress , spicy foods , and too much acid . This discovery has allowed for a breakthrough in understanding a causative link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer .'}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease shared with J. Robin Warren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacterium', 'summary': "Bacteria ( /bækˈtɪəriə/ ( listen ) ; common noun bacteria , singular bacterium ) are a type of biological cell . They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms . Typically a few micrometres in length , bacteria have a number of shapes , ranging from spheres to rods and spirals . Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth , and are present in most of its habitats . Bacteria inhabit soil , water , acidic hot springs , radioactive waste , and the deep biosphere of the earth 's crust . Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals . Most bacteria have not been characterised , and only about 27 percent of the bacterial phyla have species that can be grown in the laboratory . The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology , a branch of microbiology . Virtually all animal life on earth is dependent on bacteria for their survival as only bacteria and some archea possess the genes and enzymes necessary to synthesize vitamin B12 , also known as cobalamin , and provide it through the food chain . Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body . It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis , and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . It is particularly important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of myelin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori', 'summary': "Helicobacter pylori , previously known as Campylobacter pylori , is a gram-negative , helically-shaped , microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach . Its helical shape ( from which the genus name , helicobacter , derives ) is thought to have evolved in order to penetrate the mucoid lining of the stomach and thereby establish infection . The bacterium was first identified in 1982 by Australian doctors Barry Marshall and Robin Warren , who found that it was present in a person with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers , conditions not previously believed to have a microbial cause . H. pylori has also been linked to the development of duodenal ulcers , polyps , i. e. benign growths , in the small intestine , large intestine , and rectum , and malignancies of the stomach 's secretory glands ( termed stomach adenocarcinoma ) , of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach , esophagus , colon , rectum , or tissues around the eye ( termed extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cited organ ) , and of lymphoid tissue in the stomach ( termed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ) . Many investigators have proposed causal associations between H. pylori and a wide range of other diseases ( e.g . idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura , iron deficiency anemia , atherosclerosis , Alzheimer 's disease , multiple sclerosis , coronary artery disease , periodontitis , Parkinson 's disease , Guillain-Barré syndrome , rosacea , psoriasis , chronic urticaria , spot baldness , various autoimmune skin diseases , Henoch-Schönlein purpura , low blood levels of vitamin B12 , autoimmune neutropenia , the antiphospholipid syndrome , plasma cell dyscrasias , central serous chorioretinitis , open angle glaucoma , blepharitis , diabetes mellitus , the metabolic syndrome , various types of allergies , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , non-alcoholic steatohepatitis , hepatic fibrosis , and liver cancer ) . The bacterial infection has also been proposed to have protective effects for its hosts against infections by other pathogens , asthma , obesity , celiac disease , inflammatory bowel disease , rhinitis , atopic dermatitis , gastroesophageal reflux disease , and esophageal cancer . However , these deleterious and protective effects have frequently been based on correlative rather than direct relationship studies and have often been contradicted by other studies that show either the opposite or no effect on the cited disease . Consequently , many of these relationships are currently regarded as questionable and in need of more definitive studes . They are not considered further here . Some studies suggest that H. pylori plays an important role in the natural stomach ecology , e.g . by influencing the type of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gastritis', 'summary': "Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach . It may occur as a short episode or it may have a long duration . There may be no symptoms but , when symptoms are present , the most common is upper abdominal pain . Other possible symptoms include nausea and vomiting , bloating , loss of appetite and heartburn . Complications may include stomach bleeding , stomach ulcers , and stomach tumors . When due to autoimmune problems , low red blood cells due to not enough vitamin B12 may occur , a condition known as pernicious anemia . Common causes include infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . Less common causes include alcohol , smoking , cocaine , severe illness , autoimmune problems , radiation therapy and Crohn 's disease . Endoscopy , a type of X-ray known as an upper gastrointestinal series , blood tests , and stool tests may help with diagnosis . The symptoms of gastritis may be a presentation of a myocardial infarction . Other conditions with similar symptoms include inflammation of the pancreas , gallbladder problems , and peptic ulcer disease . Prevention is by avoiding things that cause the disease ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease', 'summary': 'Peptic ulcer disease ( PUD ) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach , the first part of the small intestine , or sometimes the lower esophagus . An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . The most common symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are waking at night with upper abdominal pain and upper abdominal pain that improves with eating . With a gastric ulcer , the pain may worsen with eating . The pain is often described as a burning or dull ache . Other symptoms include belching , vomiting , weight loss , or poor appetite . About a third of older people have no symptoms . Complications may include bleeding , perforation , and blockage of the stomach . Bleeding occurs in as many as 15% of cases . Common causes include the bacteria Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . Other , less common causes include tobacco smoking , stress due to serious illness , Behcet disease , Zollinger-Ellison syndrome , Crohn disease , and liver cirrhosis . Older people are more sensitive to the ulcer-causing effects of NSAIDs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/J._Robin_Warren', 'summary': 'John Robin Warren AC ( born 11 June 1937 , in Adelaide ) is an Australian pathologist , Nobel Laureate and researcher who is credited with the 1979 re-discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori , together with Barry Marshall . The duo proved to the medical community that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is the cause of most peptic ulcers .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Robin Warren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Robin_Warren', 'summary': 'John Robin Warren AC ( born 11 June 1937 , in Adelaide ) is an Australian pathologist , Nobel Laureate and researcher who is credited with the 1979 re-discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori , together with Barry Marshall . The duo proved to the medical community that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is the cause of most peptic ulcers .'}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1937-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease shared with Barry J. Marshall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacterium', 'summary': "Bacteria ( /bækˈtɪəriə/ ( listen ) ; common noun bacteria , singular bacterium ) are a type of biological cell . They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms . Typically a few micrometres in length , bacteria have a number of shapes , ranging from spheres to rods and spirals . Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth , and are present in most of its habitats . Bacteria inhabit soil , water , acidic hot springs , radioactive waste , and the deep biosphere of the earth 's crust . Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals . Most bacteria have not been characterised , and only about 27 percent of the bacterial phyla have species that can be grown in the laboratory . The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology , a branch of microbiology . Virtually all animal life on earth is dependent on bacteria for their survival as only bacteria and some archea possess the genes and enzymes necessary to synthesize vitamin B12 , also known as cobalamin , and provide it through the food chain . Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body . It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis , and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism . It is particularly important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of myelin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori', 'summary': "Helicobacter pylori , previously known as Campylobacter pylori , is a gram-negative , helically-shaped , microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach . Its helical shape ( from which the genus name , helicobacter , derives ) is thought to have evolved in order to penetrate the mucoid lining of the stomach and thereby establish infection . The bacterium was first identified in 1982 by Australian doctors Barry Marshall and Robin Warren , who found that it was present in a person with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers , conditions not previously believed to have a microbial cause . H. pylori has also been linked to the development of duodenal ulcers , polyps , i. e. benign growths , in the small intestine , large intestine , and rectum , and malignancies of the stomach 's secretory glands ( termed stomach adenocarcinoma ) , of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach , esophagus , colon , rectum , or tissues around the eye ( termed extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cited organ ) , and of lymphoid tissue in the stomach ( termed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ) . Many investigators have proposed causal associations between H. pylori and a wide range of other diseases ( e.g . idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura , iron deficiency anemia , atherosclerosis , Alzheimer 's disease , multiple sclerosis , coronary artery disease , periodontitis , Parkinson 's disease , Guillain-Barré syndrome , rosacea , psoriasis , chronic urticaria , spot baldness , various autoimmune skin diseases , Henoch-Schönlein purpura , low blood levels of vitamin B12 , autoimmune neutropenia , the antiphospholipid syndrome , plasma cell dyscrasias , central serous chorioretinitis , open angle glaucoma , blepharitis , diabetes mellitus , the metabolic syndrome , various types of allergies , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , non-alcoholic steatohepatitis , hepatic fibrosis , and liver cancer ) . The bacterial infection has also been proposed to have protective effects for its hosts against infections by other pathogens , asthma , obesity , celiac disease , inflammatory bowel disease , rhinitis , atopic dermatitis , gastroesophageal reflux disease , and esophageal cancer . However , these deleterious and protective effects have frequently been based on correlative rather than direct relationship studies and have often been contradicted by other studies that show either the opposite or no effect on the cited disease . Consequently , many of these relationships are currently regarded as questionable and in need of more definitive studes . They are not considered further here . Some studies suggest that H. pylori plays an important role in the natural stomach ecology , e.g . by influencing the type of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gastritis', 'summary': "Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach . It may occur as a short episode or it may have a long duration . There may be no symptoms but , when symptoms are present , the most common is upper abdominal pain . Other possible symptoms include nausea and vomiting , bloating , loss of appetite and heartburn . Complications may include stomach bleeding , stomach ulcers , and stomach tumors . When due to autoimmune problems , low red blood cells due to not enough vitamin B12 may occur , a condition known as pernicious anemia . Common causes include infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . Less common causes include alcohol , smoking , cocaine , severe illness , autoimmune problems , radiation therapy and Crohn 's disease . Endoscopy , a type of X-ray known as an upper gastrointestinal series , blood tests , and stool tests may help with diagnosis . The symptoms of gastritis may be a presentation of a myocardial infarction . Other conditions with similar symptoms include inflammation of the pancreas , gallbladder problems , and peptic ulcer disease . Prevention is by avoiding things that cause the disease ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease', 'summary': 'Peptic ulcer disease ( PUD ) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach , the first part of the small intestine , or sometimes the lower esophagus . An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . The most common symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are waking at night with upper abdominal pain and upper abdominal pain that improves with eating . With a gastric ulcer , the pain may worsen with eating . The pain is often described as a burning or dull ache . Other symptoms include belching , vomiting , weight loss , or poor appetite . About a third of older people have no symptoms . Complications may include bleeding , perforation , and blockage of the stomach . Bleeding occurs in as many as 15% of cases . Common causes include the bacteria Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) . Other , less common causes include tobacco smoking , stress due to serious illness , Behcet disease , Zollinger-Ellison syndrome , Crohn disease , and liver cirrhosis . Older people are more sensitive to the ulcer-causing effects of NSAIDs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Barry_J._Marshall', 'summary': 'Barry James Marshall AC FRACP FRS FAA ( born 30 September 1951 ) is an Australian physician , Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine , and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia . Marshall and Robin Warren showed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) plays a major role in causing many peptic ulcers , challenging decades of medical doctrine holding that ulcers were caused primarily by stress , spicy foods , and too much acid . This discovery has allowed for a breakthrough in understanding a causative link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. M. Coetzee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._M._Coetzee', 'summary': 'John Maxwell Coetzee ( /kʊtˈsiː/ ) [ a ] ( born 9 February 1940 ) is a South African-born novelist , essayist , linguist , translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature . He has also won the Booker Prize ( twice ) , the CNA Prize ( thrice ) , the Jerusalem Prize , the Prix Femina étranger , The Irish Times International Fiction Prize , and holds a number of other awards and honorary doctorates . He is one of the most critically acclaimed and decorated authors in the English language . Coetzee relocated to Australia in 2002 , and currently lives in Adelaide . He became an Australian citizen in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Literature', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1940-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter C. Doherty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty', 'summary': "Peter Charles Doherty , AC FRS FMedSci ( born 15 October 1940 ) is an Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher in the field of medicine . He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995 , the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997 . In the Australia Day Honours of 1997 , he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel . He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure . In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations , Doherty 's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic innovation and invention ."}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1940-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence shared with Rolf M. Zinkernagel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Immune', 'summary': 'In biology , immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defenses to fight infection , disease , or other unwanted biological invasion , while having adequate tolerance to avoid allergy , and autoimmune diseases .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel', 'summary': 'Rolf Martin Zinkernagel AC , FAA ( born January 6 , 1944 ) is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1996 for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells .'}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir John Cornforth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cornforth', 'summary': "Sir John Warcup Cornforth Jr. , AC , CBE , FRS , FAA ( 7 September 1917 - 8 December 2013 ) was an Australian-British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions , becoming the only Nobel laureate born in New South Wales . Cornforth investigated enzymes that catalyse changes in organic compounds , the substrates , by taking the place of hydrogen atoms in a substrate 's chains and rings . In his syntheses and descriptions of the structure of various terpenes , olefins , and steroids , Cornforth determined specifically which cluster of hydrogen atoms in a substrate were replaced by an enzyme to effect a given change in the substrate , allowing him to detail the biosynthesis of cholesterol . For this work , he won a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 , alongside co-recipient Vladimir Prelog , and was knighted in 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chemistry', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917-2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme -catalyzed reactions shared with Vladimir Prelog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stereochemistry', 'summary': 'Stereochemistry , a subdiscipline of chemistry , involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules and their manipulation . The study of stereochemistry focuses on stereoisomers , which by definition have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms ( constitution ) , but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space . For this reason , it is also known as 3D chemistry - the prefix stereo- means three-dimensionality . An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules . Stereochemistry spans the entire spectrum of organic , inorganic , biological , physical and especially supramolecular chemistry . Stereochemistry includes methods for determining and describing these relationships ; the effect on the physical or biological properties these relationships impart upon the molecules in question , and the manner in which these relationships influence the reactivity of the molecules in question ( dynamic stereochemistry ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enzyme', 'summary': "Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are both proteins and biological catalysts ( biocatalysts ) . Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions . The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates , and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products . Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life . :8.1 Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps . The study of enzymes is called enzymology and a new field of pseudoenzyme analysis has recently grown up , recognising that during evolution , some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis , which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic ' properties . Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types . Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules , called ribozymes . Enzymes ' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures . Like all catalysts , enzymes increase the reaction rate by lowering its activation energy . Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster . An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase , which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog', 'summary': 'Vladimir Prelog ForMemRS ( 23 July 1906 - 7 January 1998 ) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions . Prelog was born and grew up in Sarajevo . He lived and worked in Prague , Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_White', 'summary': "Patrick Victor Martindale White ( 28 May 1912 - 30 September 1990 ) was an Australian writer who published 12 novels , three short-story collections , and eight plays , from 1935 to 1987 . White 's fiction employs humour , florid prose , shifting narrative vantage points and stream of consciousness techniques . In 1973 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature , for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature , as it says in the Swedish Academy 's citation , the first and only Australian to have been awarded the prize . [ note 1 ] White was also the inaugural recipient of the Miles Franklin Award ."}]}, {'value': 'Literature', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1912-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Bernard Katz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Katz', 'summary': 'Sir Bernard Katz , FRS ( 26 March 1911 - 20 April 2003 ) was a German-born Australian physician and biophysicist , noted for his work on nerve physiology . He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler . He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1969 .'}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1911-2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage , release and inactivation shared with Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler', 'summary': 'Ulf Svante von EulerForMemRS ( 7 February 1905 - 9 March 1983 ) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist . He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julius_Axelrod', 'summary': 'Julius Axelrod ( May 30 , 1912 - December 29 , 2004 ) was an American biochemist . He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler . The Nobel Committee honored him for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters , a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine , norepinephrine , and , as was later discovered , dopamine . Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander M. Prokhorov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_M._Prokhorov', 'summary': 'Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov ( born Alexander Michael Prochoroff , Russian : Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров ; 11 July 1916 - 8 January 2002 ) was a Soviet physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov .'}]}, {'value': 'Physics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916-2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics , which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser - laser principle shared with Charles H. Townes and Nicolay G. Basov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maser', 'summary': 'A maser ( /ˈmeɪzər/ , an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation ) is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification by stimulated emission . The first maser was built by Charles H. Townes , James P. Gordon , and Herbert J. Zeiger at Columbia University in 1953 . Townes , Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov were awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics for theoretical work leading to the maser . Masers are used as the timekeeping device in atomic clocks , and as extremely low-noise microwave amplifiers in radio telescopes and deep space spacecraft communication ground stations . Modern masers can be designed to generate electromagnetic waves at not only microwave frequencies but also radio and infrared frequencies . For this reason Charles Townes suggested replacing microwave with the word molecular as the first word in the acronym maser . The laser works by the same principle as the maser , but produces higher frequency coherent radiation at visible wavelengths . The maser was the forerunner of the laser , inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman . When the coherent optical oscillator was first imagined in 1957 , it was originally called the optical maser . This was ultimately changed to laser for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation . Gordon Gould is credited with creating this acronym in 1957 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Laser', 'summary': 'A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation . The term laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation . The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories , based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow . A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light which is coherent . Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot , enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography . Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances ( collimation ) , enabling applications such as laser pointers and lidar . Lasers can also have high temporal coherence , which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum , i.e. , they can emit a single color of light . Alternatively , temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light with a broad spectrum but durations as short as a femtosecond ( ultrashort pulses ) . Lasers are used in optical disk drives , laser printers , barcode scanners , DNA sequencing instruments , fiber-optic , semiconducting chip manufacturing ( photolithography ) , and free-space optical communication , laser surgery and skin treatments , cutting and welding materials , military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed , and in laser lighting displays for entertainment . They have been used for car headlamps on luxury cars , by using a blue laser and a phosphor to produce highly directional white light .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_H._Townes', 'summary': 'Charles Hard Townes ( July 28 , 1915 - January 27 , 2015 ) was an American physicist . Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser , for which he obtained the fundamental patent , and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices . He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov . Townes was an adviser to the United States Government , meeting every US President from Harry Truman ( 1945 ) to Bill Clinton ( 1999 ) . He directed the US government Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the Apollo lunar landing program . After becoming a professor of the University of California at Berkeley in 1967 , he began an astrophysical program that produced several important discoveries , for example , the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy . Townes was religious and believed that science and religion are converging to provide a greater understanding of the nature and purpose of the universe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicolay_G._Basov', 'summary': 'Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov ( Russian : Никола́й Генна́диевич Ба́сов ; 14 December 1922 - 1 July 2001 ) was a Soviet physicist and educator . For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser , Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes .'}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir John Carew Eccles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles', 'summary': 'Sir John Carew Eccles AC FRS FRACP FRSNZ FAA ( 27 January 1903 - 2 May 1997 ) was an Australian neurophysiologist and philosopher who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse . He shared the prize with Andrew Huxley and Alan Lloyd Hodgkin .'}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1903-1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane shared with Alan L. Hodgkin and Andrew F. Huxley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ion', 'summary': 'An ion ( /ˈaɪɒn , -ən/ ) is an atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge . Since the charge of the electron ( considered negative by convention ) is equal and opposite to that of the proton ( considered positive by convention ) , the net charge of an ion is non-zero due to its total number of electrons being unequal to its total number of protons . A cation is a positively charged ion , with fewer electrons than protons , while an anion is negatively charged , with more electrons than protons . Because of their opposite electric charges , cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds . Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed atomic or monatomic ions , while two or more atoms form molecular ions or polyatomic ions . In the case of physical ionization in a fluid ( gas or liquid ) , ion pairs are created by spontaneous molecule collisions , where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion . Ions are also created by chemical interactions , such as the dissolution of a salt in liquids , or by other means , such as passing a direct current through a conducting solution , dissolving an anode via ionization .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nerve_cell', 'summary': 'A neuron , neurone ( old British spelling ) or nerve cell , is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses . It is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa . Plants and fungi do not have nerve cells . Neurons are typically classified into three types based on their function . Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as touch , sound , or light that affect the cells of the sensory organs , and they send signals to the spinal cord or brain . Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to control everything from muscle contractions to glandular output . Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord . A group of connected neurons is called a neural circuit . A typical neuron consists of a cell body ( soma ) , dendrites , and a single axon . The soma is usually compact . The axon and dendrites are filaments that extrude from it . Dendrites typically branch profusely and extend a few hundred micrometers from the soma .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin', 'summary': 'Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin OM KBE PRS ( 5 February 1914 - 20 December 1998 ) was an English physiologist and biophysicist , who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_F._Huxley', 'summary': 'Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley OM PRS ( 22 November 1917 - 30 May 2012 ) was an English physiologist and biophysicist . He was born into the prominent Huxley family . After graduating from Westminster School in Central London , from where he won a scholarship to Trinity College , Cambridge , he joined Alan Lloyd Hodgkin to study nerve impulses . Their eventual discovery of the basis for propagation of nerve impulses ( called an action potential ) earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963 . They made their discovery from the giant axon of the Atlantic squid . Soon after the outbreak of the Second World War , Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command and later transferred to the Admiralty . After the war he resumed research at The University of Cambridge , where he developed interference microscopy that would be suitable for studying muscle fibres . In 1952 , he was joined by a German physiologist Rolf Niedergerke . Together they discovered in 1954 the mechanism of muscle contraction , popularly called the sliding filament theory , which is the foundation of our modern understanding of muscle mechanics . In 1960 he became head of the Department of Physiology at University College London . He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955 , and President in 1980 . The Royal Society awarded him the Copley Medal in 1973 for his collective contributions to the understanding of nerve impulses and muscle contraction .'}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet', 'summary': "Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet , OM , AK , KBE , FRS , FAA , FRSNZ ( 3 September 1899 - 31 August 1985 ) , usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet , was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology . He won a Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and was best known for developing the theory of clonal selection . Burnet received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Melbourne in 1924 , and his PhD from the University of London in 1928 . He went on to conduct pioneering research in microbiology and immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , and served as director of the Institute from 1944 to 1965 . From 1965 until his retirement in 1978 , Burnet worked at the University of Melbourne . Throughout his career he played an active role in the development of public policy for the medical sciences in Australia and was a founding member of the Australian Academy of Science ( AAS ) , and served as its president from 1965 to 1969 . Burnet 's major achievements in microbiology included discovering the causative agents of Q-fever and psittacosis ; developing assays for the isolation , culture and detection of influenza virus ; describing the recombination of influenza strains ; demonstrating that the myxomatosis virus does not cause disease in humans . Modern methods for producing influenza vaccines are still based on Burnet 's work improving virus growing processes in hen 's eggs . Burnet was the most highly decorated and honoured scientist to have worked in Australia . For his contributions to Australian science , he was made the first Australian of the Year in 1960 , and in 1978 a Knight of the Order of Australia . He was recognised internationally for his achievements : in addition to the Nobel , he received the Lasker Award and the Royal and Copley Medal from the Royal Society , honorary doctorates , and distinguished service honours from the Commonwealth of Nations and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1899-1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance shared with Peter Medawar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Immunological_tolerance', 'summary': 'Immune tolerance , or immunological tolerance , or immunotolerance , is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism . It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen and contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens ( see Immune response ) . Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced - in the thymus and bone marrow ( central ) or in other tissues and lymph nodes ( peripheral ) . The mechanisms by which these forms of tolerance are established are distinct , but the resulting effect is similar . Immune tolerance is important for normal physiology . Central tolerance is the main way the immune system learns to discriminate self from non-self . Peripheral tolerance is key to preventing over-reactivity of the immune system to various environmental entities ( allergens , gut microbes , etc. ) . Deficits in central or peripheral tolerance also cause autoimmune disease , resulting in syndromes such as systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , type 1 diabetes , autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 ( APS-1 ) , and immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome ( IPEX ) , and potentially contribute to asthma , allergy , and inflammatory bowel disease . And immune tolerance in pregnancy is what allows a mother animal to gestate a genetically distinct offspring with an alloimmune response muted enough to prevent miscarriage . Tolerance , however , also has its negative tradeoffs . It allows for some pathogenic microbes to successfully infect a host and avoid elimination . In addition , inducing peripheral tolerance in the local microenvironment is a common survival strategy for a number of tumors that prevents their elimination by the host immune system .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Medawar', 'summary': 'Sir Peter Brian Medawar OM CBE FRS ( /ˈmɛdəwər/ ; 28 February 1915 - 2 October 1987 ) was a British biologist and writer , whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the medical practice of tissue and organ transplants . For his scientific works he is regarded as the father of transplantation . He is remembered for his wit both in person and in popular writings . Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins referred to him as the wittiest of all scientific writers , and Stephen Jay Gould as the cleverest man I have ever known . Medawar was the younger son of a Lebanese father and a British mother , and was both Brazilian and British citizen by birth . He studied at Marlborough College and Magdalen College , Oxford and was professor of zoology at the University of Birmingham and University College London . Until he was partially disabled by a cerebral infarction , he was Director of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill . With his doctoral student Leslie Brent and postdoctoral fellow Rupert E. Billingham , he demonstrated the principle of acquired immunological tolerance ( the phenomenon of unresponsiveness of the immune system to certain molecules ) , which was theoretically predicted by Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet . This became the foundation of tissue and organ transplantation . He and Burnet shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Florey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Florey', 'summary': "Howard Walter Florey , Baron Florey , OM , FRS , FRCP ( 24 September 1898 - 21 February 1968 ) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin . Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin , it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials of penicillin in 1941 at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient , a police constable from Oxford . The patient started to recover , but subsequently died because Florey was unable , at that time , to make enough penicillin . It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin , after the task had been abandoned as too difficult . Florey 's discoveries , along with the discoveries of Fleming and Ernst Chain , are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives , and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures . Sir Robert Menzies , Australia 's longest-serving Prime Minister , said , In terms of world well-being , Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1898-1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases shared with Alexander Fleming and Ernst B . Chain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penicillin', 'summary': 'Penicillin ( PCN or pen ) is a group of antibiotics , derived originally from common moulds known as Penicillium moulds ; which includes penicillin G ( intravenous use ) , penicillin V ( use by mouth ) , procaine penicillin , and benzathine penicillin ( intramuscular use ) . Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci . They are still widely used today , though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use . About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin ; however , up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergic . Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03% . Those who are allergic to penicillin are most often given cephalosporin C because of its functional groups . All penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics , which are some of the most powerful and successful achievements in modern science . Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming . People began using it to treat infections in 1942 . There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria ; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins , aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins . They are derived from Penicillium fungi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Fleming', 'summary': "Sir Alexander Fleming FRS FRSE FRCS ( 6 August 1881 - 11 March 1955 ) was a Scottish biologist , physician , microbiologist , and pharmacologist . His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world 's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin ( Penicillin G ) from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928 , for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain . He wrote many articles on bacteriology , immunology , and chemotherapy . Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944 . In 1999 , he was named in Time magazine 's list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century . In 2002 , he was chosen in the BBC 's television poll for determining the 100 Greatest Britons , and in 2009 , he was also voted third greatest Scot in an opinion poll conducted by STV , behind only Robert Burns and William Wallace ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ernst_B._Chain', 'summary': 'Sir Ernst Boris Chain , FRS ( 19 June 1906 - 12 August 1979 ) was a German-born British biochemist , and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Australian Nobel laureates', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Australian_Nobel_Laureates_0', 'intro': 'Since 1915 there have been sixteen Australian winners of the Nobel Prize. Half of these prizes (eight) have been awarded in the field of Physiology or Medicine Most Australians awarded Nobel prizes before the end of the awarding of British/Imperial honours (in 1992) also received (or were offered) knighthoods. This list includes laureates who were not born in Australia, but who nevertheless spent a significant portion of their training or career there.'}
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The most recent winner of the field of physics was born when ?
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24 February 1967
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02f8c5839c4c63b7
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K_League_2', 'title': 'K League 2', 'header': ['Club', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'First season', 'Current spell', 'Seasons'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ansan Greeners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ansan_Greeners_FC', 'summary': 'Ansan Greeners FC ( Korean : 안산 그리너스 FC ) is South Korean professional football club based in Ansan which plays in the K League 2 ( second division ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Ansan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ansan', 'summary': 'Ansan ( Korean pronunciation : [ an.san ] ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . It lies southwest of Seoul , and is part of the Seoul National Capital Area . It is connected to Seoul by rail via Seoul Subway Line 4 . Ansan is situated on the Yellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction . The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island . Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan . They include Ansan University , Ansan College of Technology , Seoul Institute of the Arts , and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University . The Korea Transportation Safety Authority , a government agency , is also headquartered in Ansan on June 3 , 2002 . With its high number of foreign workers , Wongokbon-dong has been designated a multicultural area .'}]}, {'value': 'Ansan Wa~ Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ansan_Wa~_Stadium', 'summary': "Ansan Wa~ Stadium ( Korean : 안산 와~ 스타디움 ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Ansan , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea . It 's currently served as home stadium for Ansan Greeners FC . While under construction it was known as 'Ansan Stadium ' . After the public subscription during the construction , the formal name 'Ansan Wa~ Stadium ' was selected . 'Wa ' means harmonious cheering and the wave notation ( ~ ) represents the extension of that sound . The stadium was opened in 2007 and has a capacity of 35,000 people . It is used mostly for football matches and athletics . 2013 HSBC Asia 5 countries football game was held in the stadium . It is located next to Gojan Station on Seoul Subway Line 4 ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asan Mugunghwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asan_Mugunghwa_FC', 'summary': "Asan Mugunghwa Football Club was a South Korean football club based in Asan . The club 's players were South Korean professional footballers who were serving their two-year military duty ."}]}, {'value': 'Asan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asan', 'summary': 'Asan ( Korean pronunciation : [ a.san ] ) is a city in South Chungcheong Province , South Korea . It borders the Seoul Metropolitan Area to the north . Asan has a population of approximately 300,000 . Asan is known for its many hot springs and is a city of spas . Asan has grown into the neighboring village , Onyang-dong , which is also known for its hot springs .'}]}, {'value': 'Yi Sun-sin Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin_Stadium', 'summary': 'Yi Sun-sin Stadium ( Korean : 이순신종합운동장 ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Asan , South Chungcheong Province , South Korea . It has a seating capacity for 17,376 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bucheon FC 1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bucheon_FC_1995', 'summary': 'Bucheon FC 1995 is a South Korean professional football club located in the city of Bucheon , which is currently a member of the K League 2 . The club was founded by a group of former Bucheon SK supporters after the move of Bucheon SK to Jeju at the beginning of 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bucheon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bucheon', 'summary': 'Bucheon ( Korean pronunciation : [ pu.tɕʰʌn ] ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . Bucheon is a satellite city of Seoul , 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) away . This city is located between Incheon and Seoul . Bucheon is the second most densely populated city in South Korea after Seoul , and as a result , administrative districts were abolished in July 2016 in favor of providing greater public service in community centers . Major manufacturing operations are located in the northern areas of the city , while the areas in the south where Seoul Subway Line 7 and Seoul Subway Line 1 pass are dense commercial and residential areas .'}]}, {'value': 'Bucheon Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bucheon_Stadium', 'summary': 'Bucheon Stadium ( Korean : 부천종합운동장 ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Bucheon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea . It is currently used mostly for football matches and has been the home stadium of Bucheon FC 1995 since 2008 . The stadium has a seating capacity for 34,456 spectators and was opened in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Busan IPark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan_IPark', 'summary': 'Busan IPark ( Korean : 부산 아이파크 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Busan , South Korea that will compete in K League 1 after being promoted from 2019 K League 2 . Its current home ground is Busan Gudeok Stadium . The club was one of the original five members of the K League and continuously competed in the first division from 1983 to 2015 , when they were relegated . Initially , the club was simply called Daewoo in reference to the company that originally owned and financed it . Today they receive financial backing from the HDC Group .'}]}, {'value': 'Busan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan', 'summary': "Busan ( Korean pronunciation : [ pusan ] ) , formerly romanized as Pusan and now officially Busan Metropolitan City , is South Korea 's second most-populous city after Seoul , with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants . It is the economic , cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea , with its port - Korea 's busiest and the fifth-busiest in the world [ a ] - only about 190 kilometers ( 120 mi ) from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu . The surrounding Southeast Economic Zone ( including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang ) is South Korea 's largest industrial area . Busan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county , together housing a population of approximately 3.6 million . The full metropolitan area , the Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , has a population of approximately 8 million . The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers , with mountains separating most of the districts . The Nakdong is Korea 's longest river and Busan 's Haeundae Beach is also the country 's largest . Busan is a center for international conventions , hosting APEC in 2005 . It is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea , having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup . It is home to the world 's largest department store , the Shinsegae Centum City . Busan was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Film in December 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Busan Gudeok Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan_Gudeok_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Busan Gudeok Stadium ( Korean : 부산 구덕 운동장 ; Hanja : 釜山九德運動場 ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Busan , South Korea . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium currently holds 12,349 spectators but previously had a capacity of 30,000 spectators . The venue opened in September 1928 . During the 1988 Summer Olympics , it hosted some of the Olympic football matches . It was also the main venue for the 1997 East Asian Games hosting the opening and closing ceremonies , as well as the athletics and football competitions . Professional football team Busan IPark have played their home games at the venue since 2015 as well as between 1997 and 2002 . Additionally , non-league football team Busan Transport Corporation FC have played their home games at the venue since 2006 .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daejeon Hana Citizen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daejeon_Hana_Citizen_FC', 'summary': 'Daejeon Hana Citizen Football Club ( Korean 대전 하나 시티즌 축구단 ) is a South Korean professional football team , based in the city of Daejeon . At the time of its foundation in 1997 , Daejeon Citizen was the first community club in South Korea , not belonging to any company . The club first entered the K League for the 1997 season , finishing in seventh place . In spite of a limited budget , Daejeon won the 2001 Korean FA Cup . It has not achieved sustained success in the K League , historically occupying the middle and lower reaches of the standings each season . At the end of the 2013 season , Daejeon was relegated to the K League Challenge , the second-tier league . On 24 December 2019 , Hana Financial Group Football Club Foundation bought operating rights of the club , renaming the club to its current name .'}]}, {'value': 'Daejeon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daejeon', 'summary': "Daejeon ( Korean : [ tɛ̝.dʑʌn ] ( listen ) ) is South Korea 's fifth-largest metropolis . Daejeon had a population of over 1.5 million in 2010 . Located in the central region of South Korea , Daejeon serves as a hub of transportation and is at the crossroads of major transport routes . The capital Seoul is about 50 minutes away by KTX high-speed train . Daejeon is one of South Korea 's administration hubs with the Daejeon Government Complex ( Other administrative hubs : Seoul , Gwacheon and Sejong ) . The Korean administration in the 1980s decided to relocate some of its functions from Seoul , the national capital , to other cities . Currently , 12 national government offices , including Korea Customs Service , Small and Medium Business Administration , Public Procurement Service , National Statistical Office , Military Manpower Administration , Korea Forest Service , Cultural Heritage Administration , and Korean Intellectual Property Office , as well as Patent Court of Korea , are located in Daejeon . Korail , Korea Water Resources Corporation , and Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation are also headquartered in the city . Daejeon has 18 universities , including KAIST and Chungnam National University . Daejeon has earned its name as Asia 's Silicon Valley and high technology city . The city hosted the Taejon Expo '93 and the International Mathematical Olympiads in 2000 . Several important research institutes are based in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Daejeon World Cup Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daejeon_World_Cup_Stadium', 'summary': 'Daejeon World Cup Stadium is a football stadium in the South Korean city of Daejeon . It was used to host some matches at the 2002 FIFA World Cup hosted by South Korea and Japan . The stadium displayed a sophisticated structural dynamism , eliminating decorative decoration . Precast Concrete ( PC ) method considering construction and economical efficiency was used . After the World Cup , the stadium was planned to be a multi-purpose sports park , which has a comprehensive sports center and commercial and cultural facilities in the middle of the region . It is now the home stadium of Daejeon Hana Citizen with a capacity of 40,535 seats , replacing Daejeon Sports Complex .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Anyang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Anyang', 'summary': "Football Club Anyang ( Hangul : 안양시민프로축구단 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Anyang . Founded in 2013 . Their home stadium is at Anyang Stadium . They currently compete in the K League 2 , the second highest tier of Korean football league . The team 's motto is Esperanto : Civitano , Paradizo , Feliĉo meaning Citizen , Paradise , Happiness ( or Felicity ) and it is printed on the emblem ."}]}, {'value': 'Anyang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anyang,_Gyeonggi', 'summary': "Anyang ( Korean pronunciation : [ a.njaŋ ] ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . With a population of approximately 600,000 persons , it is the 20th largest city in South Korea . It is a satellite city of Seoul and located approximately 21 km ( 13 mi ) south of Seoul , and 19 km ( 12 mi ) north of Suwon . It is connected to Seoul via the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Line 4 . The City motto of Anyang is Livable city , Proud citizens . City symbols are 'Podong-i ' a grape mascot , Forsythia ( flower ) , Ginkgo ( tree ) , and Eagle . The 'Emblem of Anyang ' consists of several different meanings . The blue color represents peace and stable life of its citizens , the white color represents purity of the white clad folk , the white circle represents shining sun and citizen unity , the interweaving lines represent industrial and scientific development , famous mountains around the city and tourist resort . Together , the four different symbols mean modern development and cultural exchange . The current mayor of Anyang is Lee Phil Woon ."}]}, {'value': 'Anyang Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anyang_Stadium', 'summary': 'Anyang Sports Complex ( Korean : 안양종합운동장 ) is a group of sports facilities in Anyang , Gyeonggi , South Korea . The complex consists of the Anyang Stadium , Anyang Indoor Arena , swimming pool , ice rink , and tennis court .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwangju FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwangju_FC', 'summary': 'Gwangju FC ( Korean : 광주 FC ) is a South Korean professional football club . Based in Gwangju of South Korea , Gwangju FC joined the K League as its 16th club for the 2011 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Gwangju', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwangju', 'summary': "Gwangju [ a ] ( Korean pronunciation : [ kwaŋ.dʑu ] ) is the sixth-largest city in South Korea . It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government 's Home Minister . The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County in 2005 because Gwangju was promoted to a metropolitan city and was independent from South Jeolla province . Its name is composed of the words Gwang ( Korean : 광 ; Hanja : 光 ) meaning light and Ju ( 주 ; 州 ) meaning province . Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju ( 무주 ; 武州 ) , in which Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju , Ungju , Jeonju , Muju and various counties , plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla in the Samguk Sagi . In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region , the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine ."}]}, {'value': 'Gwangju World Cup Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwangju_World_Cup_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Gwangju World Cup Stadium is a football stadium in the South Korean city of Gwangju . It is managed by the Sports Support Division of the Culture & Sports Policy Office of the Gwangju Metropolitan city . Initially the stadium was named Gwangju World Cup Stadium to host some matches of the 2002 FIFA World Cup . To honour the South Korean national team coach Guus Hiddink , who helped the team advance to the semi-finals , for the first time in its history , by defeating Spain in this stadium , they have also named it the Guus Hiddink Stadium . It is the home stadium of Gwangju FC of the Korea Professional Football League ( K League ) and has a capacity of 40,245 . It was also the venue for the 3rd Asia Song Festival , organised by Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange , in 2006 . It was also the main venue for 2015 Summer Universiade .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeonnam Dragons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeonnam_Dragons', 'summary': 'Jeonnam Dragons ( 전남 드래곤즈 ) is a football club founded in 1994 in the Korean city of Gwangyang , Jeonnam province which joined the K League 1 for the 1995 season at the same time as Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors , their Jeolla province rivals . Before January 6 , 2014 , their name was spelled as Chunnam Dragons .'}]}, {'value': 'South Jeolla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Jeolla_Province', 'summary': 'South Jeolla Province ( Korean : 전라남도 , Jeollanam-do , Korean pronunciation : [ tɕʌl.la.nam.do ] ) , also known as Jeonnam , is a province of South Korea . South Jeolla has a population of 1,902,324 ( 2014 ) and has a geographic area of 12,247 km2 ( 4,729 sq mi ) located in the Honam region at the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula . South Jeolla borders the provinces of North Jeolla to the north , South Gyeongsang to the northeast , and Jeju to the southwest in the Korea Strait . Muan County is the capital and Yeosu is the largest city of South Jeolla , with other major cities including Suncheon , Mokpo , and Gwangyang . Gwangju was the largest city of South Jeolla until becoming a Metropolitan City in 1986 , and was the historic capital until the provincial government was relocated to the Muan County town of Namak in 2005 . South Jeolla was established in 1896 from the province of Jeolla , one of the Eight Provinces of Korea , consisting of the southern half of its mainland territory and most outlying islands .'}]}, {'value': 'Gwangyang Football Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwangyang_Football_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Gwangyang Football Stadium , nicknamed Dragon Dungeon , is a football-specific stadium in Gwangyang , South Korea . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Jeonnam Dragons . The stadium holds 13,496 spectators . It was built in 1992 and opened in 1993 .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seoul E-Land', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul_E-Land_FC', 'summary': "Seoul E-Land FC ( Korean : 서울 이랜드 FC ) is South Korean professional football club based in Seoul which plays in the K League 2 ( second division ) . Seoul E-Land was announced as the league 's second football club based in Seoul on April 14 , 2014 . This club is owned by E-Land Group and plays at the Seoul Olympic Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul', 'summary': "Seoul ( /soʊl/ , like soul ; Korean : 서울 [ sʌ.ul ] ( listen ) ; lit . Capital ) , officially the Seoul Special City , is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea . Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area . Ranked as an alpha world city , Seoul was the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US $ 635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport , notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years ( 2005-2013 ) by the Airports Council International . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis , with the GDP per capita ( PPP ) in Seoul being around $ 40,000 . In 2017 , the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally . In 2018 , Seoul 's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. , Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan . With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies , including Samsung , LG , and Hyundai . Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . Seoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms , including Baekje , Joseon , and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo ."}]}, {'value': 'Seoul Olympic Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul_Olympic_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Seoul Olympic Stadium ( Korean : 서울올림픽주경기장 ; Hanja : 서울올림픽主競技場 ) , also known as Jamsil Olympic Stadium ( formerly romanised as Chamshil ) , is a multi-purpose stadium in Seoul , South Korea . It is the main stadium built for the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 10th Asian Games in 1986 . It is the centrepiece of the Seoul Sports Complex in the Songpa District , in the southeast of the city south of the Han River .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suwon FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suwon_FC', 'summary': 'Suwon Football Club ( Korean : 수원 FC ) is a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Suwon . It plays in the K League Challenge . They play their home games at Suwon Sports Complex .'}]}, {'value': 'Suwon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suwon', 'summary': "Suwon [ a ] ( Korean : 수원 ; Hanja : 水原 , Korean pronunciation : [ su.wʌn ] ) is the capital and largest metropolis of Gyeonggi-do , South Korea 's most populous province which surrounds Seoul , the national capital . Suwon lies about 30 kilometres ( 19 miles ) south of Seoul . It is traditionally known as The City of Filial Piety . With a population close to 1.2 million , it is larger than Ulsan , although it is not governed as a metropolitan city . Suwon has existed in various forms throughout Korea 's history , growing from a small settlement to become a major industrial and cultural center . It is the only remaining completely walled city in South Korea . The city walls are one of the more popular tourist destinations in Gyeonggi Province . Samsung Electronics R & D center and headquarters are in Suwon . The city is served by two motorways , the national railway network , and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway . Suwon is a major educational center , home to 11 universities . Suwon is home to football club Suwon Samsung Bluewings , which have won the K League on four occasions and AFC Champions League twice . The KT Wiz of the Korea Baseball Organization also plays in Suwon ."}]}, {'value': 'Suwon Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suwon_Sports_Complex', 'summary': 'Suwon Sports Complex ( Korean : 수원종합운동장 ; Hanja : 水原総合運動場振 ) is a group of sports facilities in Suwon , South Korea . The complex consists of the Suwon Stadium , Suwon Baseball Stadium , and Suwon Gymnasium .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Clubs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'K_League_Challenge_0', 'intro': 'The K League 2 (Hangul: K리그2) is a South Korean professional association football league. Being the second tier of the South Korean football league system, it is currently contested by ten clubs, and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the K League 1.'}
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What is the stadium of the club that was one of the original five members of the K League ?
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Busan Gudeok Stadium
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02f9955a66fb1aae
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Basketball_Tournament", 'title': "1987 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", 'header': ['Region', 'Rnd', 'Host', 'Venue', 'City', 'State'], 'data': [{'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Saint Joseph 's University", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Saint_Joseph's_University", 'summary': "Saint Joseph 's University ( SJU or St. Joe 's ) is a private Jesuit university in Philadelphia and Lower Merion , Pennsylvania . The university was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1851 as Saint Joseph 's College . Saint Joseph 's is the seventh oldest Jesuit university in the United States and one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . Saint Joseph 's University educates over 9,200 undergraduate , graduate , and doctoral students each year through the Erivan K. Haub School of Business , the College of Arts and Sciences , the Program of Professional & Liberal Studies , and the Haub Degree Completion Program . The University offers over 60 undergraduate majors , 53 graduate programs , 28 study-abroad programs , 12 special-study options , a co-op program , a joint degree program with Thomas Jefferson University , and an Ed.D . in Educational Leadership . It has 17 centers and institutes , including the Kinney Center for Autism Education & Support and the Pedro Arrupe Center for Business Ethics . St. Joe 's athletics teams , the Hawks , are an NCAA Division I program , competing in the Atlantic-10 Conference and Philadelphia 's Big 5 . The official colors of the university are crimson and gray . The school mascot is the Hawk , which never stops flapping its wings while in costume ."}]}, {'value': 'Alumni Memorial Fieldhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alumni_Memorial_Fieldhouse', 'summary': "The Michael J. Hagan Arena ( previously known as the Alumni Memorial Fieldhouse ) of Saint Joseph 's University is SJU 's home court for Men 's and Women 's basketball . The new arena seats 4,200 which is 1,000 more than the Alumni Memorial Fieldhouse seated . The renovation adds a concourse , larger offices and locker rooms , a Hall of Fame room , study rooms , basketball center , and practice facilities . 700 seats were added to the student section which puts the total at 1,700 and makes this part of the arena even more intimidating for opposing teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duke University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duke_University', 'summary': "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Cameron Indoor Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameron_Indoor_Stadium', 'summary': "Cameron Indoor Stadium is an indoor arena located on the campus of Duke University in Durham , North Carolina . The 9,291-seat facility is the primary indoor athletic venue for the Duke Blue Devils and serves as the home court for Duke men 's and women 's basketball and women 's volleyball . It opened in January 1940 and was known as Duke Indoor Stadium until 1972 , when it was named for Eddie Cameron , who served at Duke as men 's basketball coach from 1928 to 1942 , football coach from 1942 to 1945 , and athletic director from 1951 to 1972 . The arena is located adjacent to its predecessor , Card Gymnasium , which opened in 1930 ."}]}, {'value': 'Durham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Texas', 'summary': "The University of Texas at Austin ( UT Austin ) is a public research university in Austin , Texas . It was founded in 1883 and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System . The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929 , becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected . The institution has the nation 's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment , with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff . A Public Ivy , it is a major center for academic research , with research expenditures exceeding $ 615 million for the 2016-2017 school year . The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries , including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art , and operates various auxiliary research facilities , such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory . Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize , the Pulitzer Prize , the Wolf Prize , the Primetime Emmy Award , the Abel Prize , the Turing Award , and the National Medal of Science , as well as many other awards . As of October 2019 , 12 Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners and two Fields medalists have been affiliated with the school as alumni , faculty members or researchers . Student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference . Its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university . The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships , six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships , thirteen NCAA Division I National Men 's Swimming and Diving Championships , and has claimed more titles in men 's and women 's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996 ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Erwin Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Erwin_Center', 'summary': "The Frank C. Erwin Jr. Center ( commonly known as Frank Erwin Center or UT Erwin Center and originally Special Events Center ) is a multi-purpose arena located on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin , Texas . It is also sometimes referred to as The Drum or The Superdrum , owing to its round , drum-like appearance from outside ( not to be confused with Big Bertha , the large bass drum used by the University of Texas marching band ) . The multi-purpose facility hosts entertainment events and is the home court for the UT men 's and women 's basketball programs . The Erwin Center is located at the southeastern corner of the UT central campus and is bounded on the east by Interstate 35 ."}]}, {'value': 'Austin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austin', 'summary': "Austin ( UK : /ˈɒstɪn , ˈɔːstɪn/ , US : /ˈɔːstən/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas , as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County , with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties . It is the 11th-most populous city in the United States , the fourth-most-populous city in Texas , and the second-most-populous state capital city ( after Phoenix , Arizona ) . It is also the fastest growing large city in the United States and the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 1 , 2018 estimate , Austin had a population of 964,254 , up from 790,491 at the 2010 census . The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan statistical area , which had an estimated population of 2,168,316 as of July 1 , 2018 [ update ] . Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country , it is home to numerous lakes , rivers , and waterways , including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River , Barton Springs , McKinney Falls , and Lake Walter E. Long . U.S. News & World Report named Austin the No . 1 place to live in the U.S. for 2017 and 2018 . In 2016 , Forbes ranked Austin No . 1 on its Cities of the Future list , then in 2017 placed the city at that same position on its list for the Next Biggest Boom Town in the U.S. Also in 2017 , Forbes awarded the South River City neighborhood of Austin its # 2 ranking for Best Cities and Neighborhoods for Millennials . WalletHub named Austin the # 6 best place in the country to live for 2017 . The FBI ranked Austin as the # 2 safest major city in the U.S. for 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rutgers University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutgers_University', 'summary': "Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( /ˈrʌtɡərz/ ) , commonly referred to as Rutgers University , or RU , is an American public research university in New Jersey . It is the largest institution of higher education in New Jersey . Rutgers was originally chartered as Queen 's College on November 10 , 1766 . It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers . For most of its existence , Rutgers was a private liberal arts college but it evolved into a coeducational public research university after being designated The State University of New Jersey by the New Jersey Legislature in laws enacted in 1945 and 1956 . Rutgers has three campuses located throughout New Jersey : New Brunswick campus in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway , the Newark campus , and the Camden campus . The university has additional facilities elsewhere in the state . Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate and professional students . The university is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Big Ten Academic Alliance , the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association . The New Brunswick campus was categorized by Howard and Matthew Green in their book titled The Public Ivies : America 's Flagship Public Universities ( 2001 ) as a Public Ivy ."}]}, {'value': 'Louis Brown Athletic Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Brown_Athletic_Center', 'summary': "The Rutgers Athletic Center , more commonly known as the RAC , is an 8,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Piscataway , New Jersey on Rutgers University 's Livingston Campus . The building is shaped like a truncated tent with trapezoidal sides on the north and south ends . It is home to the men 's and women 's Rutgers Scarlet Knights basketball teams as well as the wrestling and gymnastic teams . Previously , the University used the 3,200-seat College Avenue Gym from 1931 to 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Piscataway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piscataway_Township,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Piscataway ( /pɪˈskætəweɪ/ ) is a township in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 56,044 , reflecting an increase of 5,562 ( +11.0% ) from the 50,482 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 3,393 ( +7.2% ) from the 47,089 counted in 1990 . The name Piscataway may be derived from the area 's original Native American residents , transplants from near the Piscataqua River defining the coastal border between New Hampshire and Maine , whose name derives from peske ( branch ) and tegwe ( tidal river ) , or alternatively from pisgeu ( meaning dark night ) and awa ( place of ) or from a Lenape language word meaning great deer or from words meaning place of dark night . The area was appropriated in 1666 by Quakers and Baptists who had left the Puritan colony in New Hampshire . Piscataway Township was formed on December 18 , 1666 , and officially incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 , as part of the state 's initial group of 104 townships . The community , the fifth-oldest municipality in New Jersey , has grown from Native American territory , through a colonial period and is one of the links in the earliest settlement of the Atlantic Ocean seacoast that ultimately led to the formation of the United States . Over the years , portions of Piscataway were taken to form Raritan Township ( March 17 , 1870 , now Edison ) , Dunellen ( October 28 , 1887 ) , Middlesex ( April 9 , 1913 ) and South Plainfield ( March 10 , 1926 ) . Piscataway has advanced educational and research facilities due to the presence of Rutgers University , whose main campus spills into the township . SHI Stadium , home field for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team , is in Piscataway . Part of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School is located in Piscataway as well . In 2008 , Money magazine ranked Piscataway 23rd out of the top 100 places to live in America . In 2014 , the magazine ranked Piscataway 27th out of top 50 places to live in America ."}]}, {'value': 'New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey', 'summary': "New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Madison University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Madison_University', 'summary': 'James Madison University ( also known as JMU , Madison , or James Madison ) is a public research university in Harrisonburg , Virginia . Founded in 1908 as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg , the institution was renamed Madison College in 1938 in honor of President James Madison and then James Madison University in 1977 . The university is situated in the Shenandoah Valley , just west of Massanutten Mountain .'}]}, {'value': 'James Madison University Convocation Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Madison_University_Convocation_Center', 'summary': "The James Madison University Convocation Center is a 6,426-seat multi-purpose arena in Harrisonburg , Virginia . The arena opened in 1982 . It is home to the James Madison Dukes men 's basketball and James Madison Dukes women 's basketball teams . It hosted the 1984 ECAC South Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Colonial Athletic Association ) . It is one of the rotating host venues for the CAA Women 's Basketball Tournament , having hosted the tournament six times since 1987 . JMU 's University Program Board ( UPB ) hosts concerts at the Convocation center each semester . Past concerts have included : The Kinks , Third Eye Blind , Jason Derulo , Wale , Wiz Khalifa , Macklemore , and Big Sean . The Convocation Center also hosts numerous other functions including the winter commencement ceremony ."}]}, {'value': 'Harrisonburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia', 'summary': "Harrisonburg is an independent city in the Shenandoah Valley region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . It is also the county seat of the surrounding Rockingham County , although the two are separate jurisdictions . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,914 , with a census-estimated 2018 population of 54,033 . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Harrisonburg with Rockingham County for statistical purposes into the Harrisonburg , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area , which has a 2011 estimated population of 126,562 . Harrisonburg is home to James Madison University ( JMU ) , a public research university with an enrollment of over 20,000 students , and Eastern Mennonite University ( EMU ) , a private , Mennonite-affiliated liberal arts university . Although the city has no historical association with President James Madison , JMU was nonetheless named in his honor as Madison College in 1938 and renamed as James Madison University in 1977 . EMU largely owes it existence to the sizable Mennonite population in the Shenandoah Valley , to which many Pennsylvania Dutch settlers arrived beginning in the mid-18th century in search of rich , unsettled farmland . The city has become a bastion of ethnic and linguistic diversity in recent years . Over 1,900 refugees have been settled in Harrisonburg since 2002 . As of 2014 , Hispanics or Latinos of any race comprise 19% of the city 's population . Harrisonburg City Public Schools ( HCPS ) students speak 55 languages in addition to English , with Spanish , Arabic , and Kurdish being the most common languages spoken . Over one-third of HCPS students are English as a second language ( ESL ) learners ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ."}]}, {'value': 'East', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Villanova University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villanova_University', 'summary': "Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Radnor Township , Pennsylvania . Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova , the university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and the only Augustinian university in the United States . Founded in 1842 by the Order of Saint Augustine , the university traces its roots to old Saint Augustine 's Church , Philadelphia , which the Augustinian friars founded in 1796 , and to its parish school , Saint Augustine 's Academy , which was established in 1811 . The school 's identity remains deeply rooted in its Augustinian Catholic foundation - the majority of students are Catholic , the administration is led by priests , there is a cross on every building , and all students are required to take the Augustine and Culture Seminar course their freshman year ."}]}, {'value': 'The Pavilion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pavilion', 'summary': "The William B. Finneran Pavilion is a 6,501-seat multi-purpose arena in Villanova , Pennsylvania , United States , about 10 miles outside Philadelphia . It was built in 1985 , and is home to the Villanova University Wildcats basketball teams . It is recognizable from the outside for its hyperbolic paraboloid roofline , similar to Alfond Arena at the University of Maine . It replaced the still-existing Villanova Field House , later renamed the Jake Nevin Field House , a small arena-auditorium built in 1932 . The first men 's game played at the Pavilion took place on Saturday , February 1 , 1986 versus the University of Maryland . The basketball court only takes up half the space of the building ; it is expandable as an indoor track facility and recreation center . For games where larger crowds are expected , Villanova plays at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia ( where Villanova holds the record for largest Pennsylvania crowd to ever watch a college basketball game , att . 20,859 ) . The Finneran Pavilion is known for its famed student section , which constitutes a full third of the seating . Formerly located in the south end , the student bleachers seat 2,000 students but have been known to be filled with as many as 2,500 students . Until 2016 , it was the home court of the Philadelphia Freedoms of World TeamTennis ."}]}, {'value': 'Villanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villanova,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Villanova is a community in the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . It straddles Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County and Radnor Township in Delaware County . It is located at the center of the Philadelphia Main Line , a series of highly affluent Philadelphia suburban towns located along the original east-west railroad tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad . It is served by the SEPTA Paoli/Thorndale Line regional rail train and Norristown High Speed Line . The center of the village straddles Lancaster Pike where it intersects Spring Mill . This village center contains the area 's post office for ZIP code 19085 , an office building , the Wilmington Trust Company 's Pennsylvania headquarters , and several smaller shops . In 2019 , Realtor.com named 19085 the Most Expensive Neighborhood in Pennsylvania . Calling it For East Coast elites , with a median home list price of $ 1,370,992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Illinois', 'summary': 'The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ( U of I , Illinois , UIllinois , or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC ) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana . It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867 . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes the highest research activity . In fiscal year 2017 , research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 642 million . The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University . The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus . The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study . The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres ( 2,578 ha ) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $ 2 billion . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations , including Abbott , AbbVie , Caterpillar , Capital One , Dow , State Farm , and Yahoo , among others . As of October 2018 [ update ] , 30 Nobel laureates , 2 Turing Award winners , and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni , faculty members , or researchers .'}]}, {'value': 'Assembly Hall ( Champaign )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assembly_Hall_(Champaign)', 'summary': "State Farm Center , stylized as StateFarm Center , is a large dome-shaped 15,544-seat indoor arena located in Champaign , Illinois , owned and operated by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . The arena hosts games for the Illinois Fighting Illini men 's basketball and women 's basketball teams . It also doubles as a performance and event center , and is one of the largest venues between Chicago and St. Louis . It opened in 1963 and was known until 2013 as Assembly Hall until State Farm Insurance acquired naming rights as part of a major renovation project ."}]}, {'value': 'Champaign', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Champaign', 'summary': "Champaign ( English : /ˌʃæmˈpeɪn/ ) is a city in Champaign County , Illinois , United States . The city is 135 miles ( 217 km ) south of Chicago , 124 miles ( 200 km ) west of Indianapolis , Indiana , and 178 mi ( 286 km ) northeast of St. Louis , Missouri . The United States Census Bureau estimates the city was home to 87,432 people as of July 1 , 2017 . Champaign is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois , and the state 's fourth-most populous city outside the Chicago metropolitan area . It is included in the Champaign-Urbana metropolitan area . Champaign is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with its sister city of Urbana . Champaign is also home to Parkland College which serves about 18,000 students during the academic year . Due to the university and a number of well known technology startup companies , it is often referred to as the hub , or a significant landmark , of the Silicon Prairie . Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott , Archer Daniels Midland ( ADM ) , Caterpillar , John Deere , Dow Chemical Company , IBM , and State Farm ."}]}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Illinois', 'summary': "Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennessee Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Tech', 'summary': 'Tennessee Technological University ( Tennessee Tech ) is a public university in Cookeville , Tennessee . It was formerly known as Tennessee Polytechnic Institute ( 1915 ) , and before that as University of Dixie , the name under which it was founded as a private institution in 1909 . Tennessee Tech places special emphasis on undergraduate education in fields related to engineering and technology , although degrees in education , liberal arts , agriculture , nursing , and other fields of study can be pursued as well . Additionally , there are graduate offerings in engineering , education , business , and the liberal arts . Affiliated with the Tennessee Board of Regents , the university is governed by a Board of Trustees . Its athletic teams compete in the Ohio Valley Conference . As of the 2018 fall semester , Tennessee Tech enrolls more than 10,000 students ( 9,006 undergraduate and 1,180 graduate students ) , and its campus has 87 buildings on 235 acres ( 95 ha ) centered along Dixie Avenue in northern Cookeville .'}]}, {'value': 'Eblen Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eblen_Center', 'summary': 'Hooper Eblen Center , often called The Hoop by students , is a 9,280 seat multi-purpose arena in on the campus of Tennessee Technological University ( TTU ) in Cookeville , Tennessee . Opened in 1977 and named for former TTU coach and professor Hooper Eblen , it is home to the TTU Golden Eagles basketball and volleyball teams . The building replaced Memorial Gym , a post-War gymnasium located on the quadrangle .'}]}, {'value': 'Cookeville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cookeville', 'summary': "Cookeville is a city in Putnam County , Tennessee , United States . Its population at the 2010 census was 30,435 . It is the county seat and largest city of Putnam County and home to Tennessee Technological University . It is recognized as one of the country 's micropolitan areas , smaller cities which nevertheless function as significant economic hubs . Of the twenty micropolitan areas in Tennessee , Cookeville is the largest ; the Cookeville micropolitan area 's 2010 Census population was 106,042 . The U.S. Census Bureau ranked the Cookeville micropolitan area as the 8th largest-gaining micropolitan area in the country between 2016-2017 with a one-year gain of 1,660 and a 2017 population of 111,363 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina', 'summary': "The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina 's public universities , as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics , the nation 's first public residential high school for gifted students . Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina System or the UNC System to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill , the university has a total enrollment of over 239,987 students [ when ? ] and in 2008 conferred over 75% of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina . UNC campuses conferred 43,686 degrees in 2008-2009 , the bulk of which were at the bachelor 's level , with 31,055 degrees awarded ."}]}, {'value': 'Carmichael Auditorium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmichael_Auditorium', 'summary': "William Donald Carmichael , Jr . Arena is a multi-purpose arena in on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Chapel Hill , North Carolina , United States . It is home to four Tar Heels athletic teams : women 's basketball , women 's volleyball , women 's gymnastics , and wrestling . The arena opened in 1965 as Carmichael Auditorium and is named for William Donald Carmichael , Jr. , a popular former school vice-president and brother of All-America basketball player Cartwright Carmichael . Although it was apparent by the early 1960s that the men 's basketball team needed a new home to replace 27-year-old Woollen Gymnasium , the state refused to fund a completely new arena . As a result , Carmichael was built as an annex to Woollen ; it shares the older facility 's eastern wall . It originally seated just over 8,800 people , but expansions over the years brought its final capacity to 10,180 by the time the men left for the Dean Smith Center in 1986 . In 1976 , the capacity was increased from 8,800 to 10,000 . In their last game at Carmichael , the North Carolina Tar Heels beat the North Carolina State Wolfpack 90-79 , to finish with a record of 169-20 at Carmichael . After a remodeling project completed in 2009 , capacity is 8,010 . Carmichael was known as one of the loudest arenas in the country while the Tar Heel men played there , largely because of a low roof and a student section that ringed the court . During a 1982 game against the Virginia Cavaliers , it was so loud that the Virginia players could not even hear their own names being announced prior to the start of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Chapel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chapel_Hill,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Chapel Hill is a town in Orange , Chatham , and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census , making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state . Chapel Hill , Durham , and the state capital , Raleigh , make up the corners of the Research Triangle ( officially the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill combined statistical area ) , with a total population of 1,998,808 . The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street , covering 21.3 square miles ( 55 km2 ) . It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence . Local artists have created many murals .'}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn_University', 'summary': "Auburn University ( AU or Auburn ) is a public research and land-grant university in Auburn , Alabama . With more than 23,000 undergraduate students and a total enrollment of more than 30,000 with 1,260 faculty members , Auburn is the second largest university in Alabama . It is one of the state 's two public flagship universities . The university is classified as an R1 : Doctoral Research - Very High Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Auburn was chartered on February 1 , 1856 , as East Alabama Male College , a private liberal arts school affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church , South . In 1872 , under the Morrill Act , it became the state 's first land-grant university and was renamed as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama . In 1892 , it became the first four-year coeducational school in Alabama , and in 1899 was renamed Alabama Polytechnic Institute ( API ) to reflect its changing mission . In 1960 , its name was changed to Auburn University to acknowledge the varied academic programs and larger curriculum of a major university ."}]}, {'value': 'Memorial Coliseum ( Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beard–Eaves–Memorial_Coliseum', 'summary': "Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum is a 10,500-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of Auburn University in Auburn , Alabama . The arena , which opened in 1969 , is best known as the former home of the Auburn men 's and women 's basketball , women 's gymnastics , and wrestling teams . The teams finished their stays at the facility at the end of the 2009-10 season , with all of its tenants moving into the new Auburn Arena opening in time for the 2010-11 season . In addition to sports , numerous concerts were held in the facility . The coliseum continues to house athletics offices as well as classrooms and office space for Auburn 's Department of Geosciences . The building 's exterior is primarily nondescript concrete , but its entry plaza was recognizable for the large War Eagle statue which faced not only the rest of the university , but also nearby Jordan-Hare Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn,_Alabama', 'summary': "Auburn is a city in Lee County , Alabama , United States . It is the largest city in eastern Alabama with a 2018 population of 65,738 . It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area . The Auburn-Opelika , AL MSA with a population of 158,991 , along with the Columbus , GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee , Alabama , comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika , GA-AL CSA , a region home to 501,649 residents . Auburn is a historic college town and is the home of Auburn University . It is Alabama 's fastest-growing metropolitan area and the nineteenth fastest-growing metro area in the United States since 1990 . [ citation needed ] U.S. News ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in the United States for the year 2009 . The city 's unofficial nickname is The Loveliest Village On The Plains , taken from a line in the poem The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith : Sweet Auburn ! loveliest village of the plain ."}]}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama ( /ˌæləˈbæmə/ ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states . With a total of 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) of inland waterways , Alabama has among the most of any state . Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State , after the state bird . Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State . The state tree is the longleaf pine , and the state flower is the camellia . Alabama 's capital is Montgomery . The largest city by population is Birmingham , which has long been the most industrialized city ; the largest city by land area is Huntsville . The oldest city is Mobile , founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana . The Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is Alabama 's most populous urban area . From the American Civil War until World War II , Alabama , like many states in the southern U.S. , suffered economic hardship , in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Tennessee', 'summary': "The University of Tennessee ( The University of Tennessee , Knoxville ; UT Knoxville ; UTK ; or UT ) is a public research university in Knoxville , Tennessee . Founded in 1794 , two years before Tennessee became the 16th state , it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system , with ten undergraduate colleges and eleven graduate colleges . It hosts almost 28,000 students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries . In its 2020 universities ranking , U.S. News & World Report ranked UT 104th among all national universities and 44th among public institutions of higher learning . Seven of its alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars . James M. Buchanan , M.S . '41 , received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics . UT 's ties to nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory , established under UT President Andrew Holt and continued under the UT-Battelle partnership , allow for considerable research opportunities for faculty and students . Also affiliated with the university are the Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy , the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility , and the University of Tennessee Arboretum , which occupies 250 acres ( 100 ha ) of nearby Oak Ridge and features hundreds of species of plants indigenous to the region . The university is a direct partner of the University of Tennessee Medical Center , which is one of two Level I trauma centers in East Tennessee . The University of Tennessee is the only university in the nation to have three presidential papers editing projects . The university holds collections of the papers of all three U.S. presidents from Tennessee - Andrew Jackson , James K. Polk , and Andrew Johnson ."}]}, {'value': 'Stokely Athletic Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stokely_Athletic_Center', 'summary': "The Stokely Athletic Center was an on-campus arena located at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee , United States . It was home to the men 's and women 's basketball teams from 1958 until the opening of Thompson-Boling Arena in 1987 . In 2008 , the Lady Vol volleyball team also left Stokely for Thompson-Boling Arena . It is located about a block from both the new arena and Neyland Stadium . It replaced Alumni Gymnasium , a 3,200-seat arena-auditorium built in 1931 which had hosted the SEC basketball tournament four times ( 1936 , '37 , '39 , and '40 ) . It was originally built in 1958 as the University of Tennessee Armory-Fieldhouse to accommodate larger on-campus crowds . It originally housed 7,800 people in the elongated building , with permanent seating in the west end and temporary seating lining the rest of the arena , which was also used for the ROTC , indoor track , and other events . However , by the mid-1960s the fieldhouse was already becoming obsolete for its size , in no small part due to the Vols ' rise to prominence under coach Ray Mears . A $ 500,000 gift from industrialist William B. Stokely was the impetus for an expansion to 12,700 seats in 1966 , when the building was renamed for Stokely and his family . Permanent seating was installed on the other three sides , including balcony seating on the north and south sides . The arena had originally been designed to expand to 12,000 people in the original layout . Stokely was the home of many great teams , including several SEC titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Knoxville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knoxville', 'summary': "Knoxville is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee , and the county seat of Knox County . As of the 2010 census , the city has a population of 178,874 , and is Tennessee 's third largest city after Nashville and Memphis . Knoxville is the principal city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area , which was 868,546 in 2015 . First settled in 1786 , Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee . The city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century . The arrival of the railroad in 1855 led to an economic boom . During the Civil War , the city was bitterly divided over the secession issue , and was occupied alternately by both Confederate and Union armies . Following the war , Knoxville grew rapidly as a major wholesaling and manufacturing center . The city 's economy stagnated after the 1920s as the manufacturing sector collapsed , the downtown area declined and city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights . Hosting the 1982 World 's Fair helped reinvigorate the city , and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city , especially the downtown area . Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee , whose sports teams , the Tennessee Volunteers , are popular in the surrounding area . Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority , the Tennessee Supreme Court 's courthouse for East Tennessee , and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Mideast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Virginia', 'summary': "The University of Virginia ( U.Va . or UVA ) is a public research university in Charlottesville , Virginia . It was founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson . It is the flagship university of Virginia and home to Jefferson 's Academical Village , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . UVA is known for its historic foundations , student-run honor code and secret societies . The original governing Board of Visitors included Jefferson , James Madison , and James Monroe . Monroe was the sitting President of the United States at the time of its foundation and earlier Presidents Jefferson and Madison were UVA 's first two rectors . Jefferson conceived and designed the original courses of study and original architecture . UVA was the first university of the American South elected to the research-driven Association of American Universities in 1904 . More than a century later , the journal Science credited UVA faculty with two of the top ten global scientific breakthroughs of 2015 . The University of Virginia offers 121 majors across the eight undergraduate and three professional schools . Its alumni have founded many companies , such as Reddit and CNET , which together produce more than $ 1.6 trillion in annual revenue and have created 2.3 million jobs ."}]}, {'value': 'University Hall ( University of Virginia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_Hall_(University_of_Virginia)', 'summary': "University Hall was an 8,457-seat multi-purpose arena on the University of Virginia Grounds in Charlottesville , Virginia . The arena opened in 1965 as a replacement for Memorial Gym ; it was demolished on May 25 , 2019 , with Ralph Sampson leading the demolition . Like many arenas built at the time , the arena was circular , with a ribbed concrete roof and blue and orange seats ( the orange seats arranged in a V near the top of each section ) that surrounded the arena . Unlike many other facilities , however , the floor was never lowered for additional seating around the court , which left large areas behind press row , the team benches , and the announcer 's table empty during games . University Hall was replaced by the John Paul Jones Arena as the home to the men 's and women 's basketball teams in 2006 . UVa 's athletic department held final game ceremonies for University Hall in connection with the men 's basketball game against the Maryland Terrapins on March 5 , 2006 , which Maryland won 71-70 . UVA legend Ralph Sampson sank ceremonial last baskets at U-Hall , dunking twice during postgame festivities . However , the women 's basketball team made the Women 's National Invitational Tournament and played and won two WNIT games in University Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlottesville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwestern University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Welsh-Ryan Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welsh-Ryan_Arena', 'summary': "Welsh-Ryan Arena is a 7,039-seat multi-purpose arena in Evanston , Illinois , United States , near the campus of Northwestern University . It is home to four Northwestern Wildcats athletic teams : men 's basketball , women 's basketball , women 's volleyball , and wrestling . It is located inside McGaw Memorial Hall , to the north of Ryan Field . The building opened in 1952 as a replacement for Patten Gymnasium , and was the site of the Final Four for the 1956 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament . It was extensively renovated in 1983 , at which time the main arena was renamed Welsh-Ryan Arena . At the conclusion of the 2016-17 basketball season , the arena was renovated and upgraded as part of a $ 110 million project completed in late 2018 . The renovation displaced the athletic programs that use the arena for the 2017-18 season . For years , Welsh-Ryan Arena was the smallest arena in the Big Ten Conference and the only conference facility that did not seat at least 10,000 . With Rutgers University joining the conference in 2014 , Welsh-Ryan became the second-smallest arena after the Louis Brown Athletic Center at Rutgers , which has a listed capacity of 8,000 . Welsh-Ryan once again became the smallest arena in the Big Ten Conference in 2018 , with the listed capacity decreasing to 7,039 after renovations ."}]}, {'value': 'Evanston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois', 'summary': 'Evanston ( /ˈɛvənstən/ ) is a city in Cook County , Illinois , United States . Home to Northwestern University , it is situated 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of downtown Chicago , bordered by Chicago to the south , Skokie to the west , and Wilmette to the north . It had a population of 74,486 as of 2010 [ update ] . It is one of the affluent North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan . The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township , which was dissolved in 2014 by voters with its functions being absorbed by the city of Evanston .'}]}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Illinois', 'summary': "Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Iowa', 'summary': "The University of Iowa ( UI , U of I , UIowa , or simply Iowa ) is a public research university in Iowa City , Iowa . Founded in 1847 , it is the oldest and the second largest university in the state . The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees . Located on an urban 1,880 acre campus on the banks of the Iowa River , the University of Iowa is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . The university is best known for its programs in health care , law , and the fine arts , with programs ranking among the top 25 nationally in those areas . The university was the original developer of the Master of Fine Arts degree and it operates the Iowa Writer 's Workshop , which has produced 17 of the university 's 46 Pulitzer Prize winners . Iowa is a member of the Association of American Universities , the Universities Research Association , and the Big Ten Academic Alliance . Among American universities , the University of Iowa was the first public university to open as coeducational , opened the first coeducational medical school , and opened the first Department of Religious Studies at a public university . The University of Iowa 's 33,000 students take part in nearly 500 student organizations . Iowa 's 22 varsity athletic teams , the Iowa Hawkeyes , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are members of the Big Ten Conference . The University of Iowa alumni network exceeds 250,000 graduates ."}]}, {'value': 'Carver-Hawkeye Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carver–Hawkeye_Arena', 'summary': "The Carver-Hawkeye Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Iowa City , Iowa . Opened in 1983 , it is the home court for The University of Iowa Hawkeyes men 's and women 's basketball teams , as well as the university 's wrestling , gymnastics , and volleyball teams . It was named for the late industrialist Roy J . Carver of Muscatine , Iowa , a prominent statewide booster , who donated $ 9.2 million to The University of Iowa before his death in 1981 . Prior to the arena 's opening , Iowa 's athletic teams played at the Iowa Field House ."}]}, {'value': 'Iowa City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_City', 'summary': "Iowa City is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States . It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County , at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 76,290 in 2018 , making it the state 's fifth-largest city . The metropolitan area , which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties , has a population of over 171,000 . Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa . The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus . The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove , the home of the first Governor of Iowa , are also tourist attractions . In 2008 , Forbes magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Louisiana at Monroe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Louisiana_at_Monroe', 'summary': 'The University of Louisiana at Monroe ( ULM ) is a public university in Monroe , Louisiana . It is part of the University of Louisiana System .'}]}, {'value': 'Ewing Coliseum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fant–Ewing_Coliseum', 'summary': "Fant-Ewing Coliseum is a 7,085-seat multi-purpose arena in Monroe , Louisiana , United States , on the campus of the University of Louisiana at Monroe . It was built in 1971 and is home to the Louisiana-Monroe Warhawks men 's and women 's basketball teams and women 's volleyball team . The arena also hosts concerts and events ."}]}, {'value': 'Monroe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Monroe ( historically French : Poste-du-Ouachita ) is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana . It is the parish seat of Ouachita Parish . In the official 2010 census , Monroe had a population of 48,815 . The municipal population declined by 8.1 percent over the past decade ; it was 53,107 in the 2000 census . After a recheck in 2018 , the Census Bureau changed the 2010 population from 48,815 to 47,877 . Mayor Jamie Mayo , however , maintains that the Monroe population is more than 50,000 and indicated that he will pursue a continued challenge to the count .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia Coliseum ( Stegeman Coliseum )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stegeman_Coliseum', 'summary': "Stegeman Coliseum is a 10,523-seat multi-purpose arena in Athens , Georgia , United States . The arena opened in 1964 . It is home to the University of Georgia Bulldogs basketball and gymnastics teams . It was also the venue of the rhythmic gymnastics and preliminary indoor volleyball matches during the 1996 Summer Olympics , as well as the 1989 , 1995 , and 2008 NCAA gymnastics championships . As a multi-purpose facility , the Coliseum also hosted a variety of other kinds of events , including many large indoor rock concerts during its early history , as well as the university 's Graduate School commencement exercises . At its opening it replaced Woodruff Hall , a 3,000-seat field house built in 1923 ."}]}, {'value': 'Athens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athens,_Georgia', 'summary': "Athens , officially Athens-Clarke County , is a consolidated city-county and college town in the U.S. state of Georgia . Athens lies about 70 mi ( 113 km ) northeast of downtown Atlanta , a global city . The University of Georgia , the state 's flagship public university and an R1 research institution , is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth . In 1991 , after a vote the preceding year , the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government with Clarke County , referred to jointly as Athens-Clarke County . As of 2017 [ update ] , the U.S. Census Bureau 's estimated population of the consolidated city-county ( all of Clarke County except Winterville and a portion of Bogart ) was 125,691 ; the entire county including Winterville and Bogart had a population of 127,064 . Athens is the sixth-largest city in Georgia , and the principal city of the Athens metropolitan area , which had a 2017 estimated population of 209,271 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Metropolitan Athens is a component of the larger Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area , a trading area . The city is dominated by a pervasive student culture and music scene centered on downtown Athens , next to the University of Georgia 's North Campus . Major music acts associated with Athens include numerous alternative rock bands such as R.E.M. , the B-52 's , Widespread Panic , and Neutral Milk Hotel . The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as the Atlanta-based Indigo Girls ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_State_University', 'summary': "Louisiana State University ( officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College , commonly referred to as LSU ) is a public research university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville , Louisiana , under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy . The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926 , consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio , and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre ( 2.6 km² ) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River . LSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana , as well the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System , and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana . In 2017 , the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges . Several of LSU 's graduate schools , such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center , have received national recognition in their respective fields of study . Designated as a land-grant , sea-grant and space-grant institution , LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities , operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the National Endowment for the Humanities , and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental , law , veterinary , medical , and Master of Business Administration programs . The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana . LSU 's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports ( 9 men 's , 12 women 's ) , and is a member of the NCAA ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) and the SEC ( Southeastern Conference ) . The university is represented by its mascot , Mike the Tiger ."}]}, {'value': 'LSU Assembly Center ( Pete Maravich Assembly Center )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Maravich_Assembly_Center', 'summary': "The Pete Maravich Assembly Center is a 13,215-seat multi-purpose arena in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The arena opened in 1972 . It is home to the Louisiana State University Tigers and Lady Tigers basketball teams , the LSU Tigers women 's gymnastics team and the LSU Tigers women 's volleyball team . It was originally known as the LSU Assembly Center , but was renamed in honor of Pete Maravich , a Tiger basketball legend , shortly after his death in 1988 . Louisiana Governor Buddy Roemer signed an act to rename the building in Maravich 's honor ( under Louisiana law , no LSU or state owned building may be named after a living person ) . Maravich never played in the arena as a collegian but played in it as a member of the Atlanta Hawks in a preseason game . But his exploits while at LSU led the University to build a larger home for the basketball team , which languished for decades in the shadow of the school 's football program . The Maravich Center is known to locals as The PMAC or Pete 's Palace , or by its more nationally known nickname , The Deaf Dome , coined by Dick Vitale . The Maravich Center 's neighbor , Tiger Stadium is known as Death Valley . The slightly oval building is located directly to the north of Tiger Stadium , and its bright-white roof can be seen in many telecasts of that stadium . The arena concourse is divided into four quadrants : Pete Maravich Pass , The Walk of Champions , Heroes Hall and Midway of Memories . The quadrants highlight former LSU Tiger athletes , individual and team awards and memorabilia pertaining to the history of LSU basketball , gymnastics and volleyball ."}]}, {'value': 'Baton Rouge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baton_Rouge', 'summary': "Baton Rouge ( /ˌbætən ˈruːʒ/ BAT-ən ROOZH ; from French , meaning 'red stick ' ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana . Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River , it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish , the most populous parish in Louisiana . It is the 99th most populous city in the United States , and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans . It is also the 16th most populous state capital . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 2018 estimate , Baton Rouge had a population of 221,599 , down from 229,493 at the 2010 census . Baton Rouge is the center of Greater Baton Rouge , the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana , with a population of 834,159 as of 2017 , up from 802,484 in 2010 and 829,719 in 2015 . The city of Baton Rouge is a major industrial , petrochemical , medical , research , motion picture , and growing technology center of the American South . It is the location of Louisiana State University , the LSU System 's flagship university and the largest institution of higher education in the state . It is also the location of Southern University , the flagship institution of the Southern University System , the only historically black college system in the nation . The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the 10th-largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped , and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships . This , as well as its status as a major port city , is largely due to the Huey P. Long - O.K . Allen Bridge , which was intentionally constructed under the governorship of Huey Long at a low height , preventing big tankers from making their way up-river , past Baton Rouge ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Midwest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Tech University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_University', 'summary': "Louisiana Tech University , colloquially referred to as Louisiana Tech , La . Tech , or simply Tech is a public research university in Ruston , Louisiana . It is a space grant college , member of the Southeastern Universities Research Association , member of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities , and Carnegie Doctoral University with high research activity ( R2 ) . It is a member of the University of Louisiana System . Louisiana Tech conducts research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) , the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) , the Department of Defense ( DoD ) , and the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) . Louisiana Tech is one of fewer than 50 comprehensive research universities in the nation and the only university in Louisiana to be designated as a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education and Research and a National Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense Education and Research by the National Security Agency ( NSA ) and the United States Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) . Also , the FAA named Louisiana Tech to the National Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems . The university is known for its engineering and science programs . Louisiana Tech opened as the Industrial Institute and College of Louisiana in 1894 during the Second Industrial Revolution . The original mission of the college was for the education of students in the arts and sciences for the purpose of developing an industrial economy in post-Reconstruction Louisiana . Four years later in 1898 , the state constitution changed the school 's name to Louisiana Industrial Institute . In 1921 , the college changed its name to Louisiana Polytechnic Institute to reflect its development as a larger institute of technology ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Assembly Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Assembly_Center', 'summary': "The Samuel M. Thomas Assembly Center is an 8,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Ruston , Louisiana . The arena , named for its benefactor and businessman Samuel M. Thomas , is home to the Division I NCAA Louisiana Tech University Bulldogs ( men ) and Lady Techsters ( women ) basketball teams . The arena also hosts concerts and events . The arena opened in November 1982 just west of Joe Aillet Stadium , and replaced the then-30-year-old Memorial Gymnasium on the corner of Tech Drive and Railroad Avenue . The men 's basketball team hosted the Southland Conference tournament in the TAC in 1985 and 1987 , and four NIT games , one in 1986 , two games in 2002 , and one in 2015 . The women 's team has hosted the first , second and regional rounds of the NCAA Women 's Basketball tournament nineteen times , most recently in 2003 . The TAC also serves as the home of the Louisiana Tech Women 's Volleyball team since the program 's inception in 1987 . NBA greats including Karl Malone , P.J . Brown , Randy White and Paul Millsap have called the Thomas Assembly Center home during their collegiate careers ."}]}, {'value': 'Ruston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruston,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Ruston is a small city and the parish seat of Lincoln Parish , Louisiana , United States . It is the largest city in the Eastern Ark-La-Tex region . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 21,859 , reflecting an increase of 6.4 percent from the count of 20,546 counted in the 2000 Census . Ruston is near the eastern border of the Ark-La-Tex region and is the home of Louisiana Tech University . Its economy is therefore based on its college population . Ruston hosts the annual Peach Festival . Ruston is the principal city of the Ruston Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Lincoln Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'West', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Washington', 'summary': "The University of Washington ( UW , simply Washington , or informally U-Dub ) is a public research university in Seattle , Washington . Founded in 1861 , Washington was first established in downtown Seattle approximately a decade after the city 's founding to aid its economic development . Today , the university 's 703-acre main Seattle campus is in the University District above the Montlake Cut , within the urban Puget Sound region of the Pacific Northwest . The university has additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell . Overall , UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space , including one of the largest library systems in the world with over 26 university libraries , as well as the UW Tower , lecture halls , art centers , museums , laboratories , stadiums , and conference centers . The university offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through 140 departments in various colleges and schools , sees about 46,000 in total student enrollment every year , and functions on a quarter system . Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . It is cited as a leading university in the world for scientific performance and research output by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the CWTS Leiden Ranking . In the 2015 fiscal year , the UW received nearly $ 1.2 billion in research funding , the 3rd largest among all universities in the United States . As the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington State , it is known for its research in medicine , science , as well as its highly-competitive computer science and engineering programs . Additionally , Washington continues to benefit from its deep historical ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region , such as Amazon , Boeing , Nintendo , and particularly Microsoft . Paul G. Allen , Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': 'Hec Edmundson Pavilion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hec_Edmundson_Pavilion', 'summary': "Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion ( formerly and still commonly referred to as Hec Edmundson Pavilion or simply Hec Ed ) is an indoor arena on the campus of the University of Washington in Seattle , Washington . It serves as home to several of the university 's sports teams , known as the Washington Huskies of the Pac-12 Conference . It also served as a temporary home for the WNBA 's Seattle Storm in 2019 . Originally opened in late 1927 , the brick venue is home to the UW men 's and women 's basketball programs , as well as the women 's volleyball and gymnastics teams . The current seating capacity of Hec Ed is 10,000 for basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_(state)', 'summary': "Washington ( /ˈwɒʃɪŋtən/ ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Washington , is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . Named for George Washington , the first U.S. president , the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory , which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846 , in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute . The state , which is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean , Oregon to the south , Idaho to the east , and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north , was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889 . Olympia is the state capital ; the state 's largest city is Seattle . Washington is often referred to as Washington State to distinguish it from the nation 's capital , Washington , D.C. Washington is the 18th largest state , with an area of 71,362 square miles ( 184,827 km2 ) , and the 13th most populous state , with more than 7.4 million people . Approximately 60 percent of Washington 's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area , the center of transportation , business , and industry along Puget Sound , an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands , deep fjords , and bays carved out by glaciers . The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west ; mountain ranges in the west , central , northeast , and far southeast ; and a semi-arid basin region in the east , central , and south , given over to intensive agriculture . Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States , after California . Mount Rainier , an active stratovolcano , is the state 's highest elevation , at almost 14,411 feet ( 4,392 meters ) , and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous U.S. Washington is a leading lumber producer . Its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir , hemlock , ponderosa pine , white pine , spruce , larch , and cedar . The state is the US 's largest producer of apples , hops , pears , red raspberries , spearmint oil , and sweet cherries , and ranks high in the production of apricots , asparagus , dry edible peas , grapes , lentils , peppermint oil , and potatoes . Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue , and the commercial fishing of salmon , halibut , and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state 's economy ."}]}, {'value': 'West', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Oregon', 'summary': "The University of Oregon ( also referred to as UO , U of O or Oregon ) is a public flagship research university in Eugene , Oregon . Founded in 1876 , the institution 's 295-acre campus is along the Willamette River . Since July 2014 , UO has been governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon . The university has a Carnegie Classification of highest research activity and has 19 research centers and institutes . UO was admitted to the Association of American Universities in 1969 . The University of Oregon is organized into five colleges ( Arts and Sciences , Business , Design , Education , and Honors ) and seven professional schools ( Accounting , Architecture and Environment , Art and Design , Journalism and Communication , Law , Music and Dance , and Planning , Public Policy and Management ) and a graduate school . Furthermore , UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate degree programs . Most academic programs follow the 10 week Quarter System . UO student-athletes compete as the Ducks and are part of the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . With eighteen varsity teams , the Oregon Ducks are best known for their football team and track and field program ."}]}, {'value': 'McArthur Court', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McArthur_Court', 'summary': "McArthur Court is a basketball arena located on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene and the former home of the Oregon Ducks men 's and women 's basketball teams , replaced in 2011 by Matthew Knight Arena . Also known as The Pit or Mac Court , it was known as one of the most hostile arenas in the nation . The arena is named for Clifton N. ( Pat ) McArthur , U. S. Congressman and Oregon student-athlete and the school 's first student body president . Its unique and antiquated structure has the fans on top of the court . The maple floor bounces under the weight of the student section that surrounds the court . In 2001 Sporting News named it best gym in America . For its history , character , and atmosphere , sports writer and arena researcher Bill Kintner named McArthur Court in his top five of college basketball arenas in America . He notes that McArthur Court is a building that will give you chills even if there is no game being played . The arena was funded by a $ 15 fee imposed by the Associated Students of the University of Oregon and the mortgage papers were burned as part of a public ceremony after the building was completely paid for ."}]}, {'value': 'Eugene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon', 'summary': "Eugene ( /juːˈdʒiːn/ yoo-JEEN ) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon , in the Pacific Northwest . It is at the southern end of the verdant Willamette Valley , near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers , about 50 miles ( 80 km ) east of the Oregon Coast . As of the 2010 census , Eugene had a population of 156,185 ; it is the county seat of Lane County and the state 's third most populous city after Portland and Salem , though recent state estimates suggest its population may have surpassed Salem 's . The Eugene-Springfield , Oregon metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) is the 146th largest metropolitan statistical area in the US and the third-largest in the state , behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area . The city 's population for 2018 was estimated to be 171,245 by the US Census . Eugene is home to the University of Oregon , Northwest Christian University , and Lane Community College . The city is also noted for its natural environment , recreational opportunities ( especially bicycling , running/jogging , rafting , and kayaking ) , and focus on the arts . Eugene 's official slogan is A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors . It is also referred to as the Emerald City and as Track Town , USA . The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene . In 2021 , the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon', 'summary': "Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point ."}]}], 'section_title': 'First and second rounds', 'section_text': "In 1987 , the field remained at 40 teams . The teams were seeded , and assigned to four geographic regions , with seeds 1-10 in each region . In Round 1 , seeds 8 and 9 faced each other for the opportunity to face the 1 seed in the second round , while seeds 7 and 10 faced each other for the opportunity to face the 2 seed . In the first two rounds , the higher seed was given the opportunity to host the first round game . In most cases , the higher seed accepted the opportunity . The exceptions : [ 3 ] Eighth seeded South Alabama played nine seed Saint Joseph 's ( PA ) at Saint Joseph 's ( PA ) Seventh seeded Eastern Washington played tenth seeded University of Oregon at University of Oregon Second seeded Ohio State played tenth seeded University of Oregon at University of Oregon Third seeded North Carolina State played sixth seeded Villanova at Villanova Because Oregon hosted both a first and second round game , there were only 23 first and second round locations , rather than 24 . The following table lists the region , host school , venue and the twenty-four first round locations : PhiladelphiaDurhamAustinPiscatawayHarrisonburgVillanovaChampaignCookeville 1987 NCAA first round ( Philadelphia and Villanova are almost indistinguishable ) Chapel HillAuburnKnoxvilleCharlottesvilleEvanstonIowa CityMonroeAthensBaton RougeRustonSeattleEugeneLos AngelesUniversityLong Beach 1987 NCAA second round", 'uid': "1987_NCAA_Women's_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament_2", 'intro': "The 1987 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 11, ended on March 29, and featured 40 teams. The Final Four were Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana Tech, and Long Beach State, with Tennessee winning its first title with a 67-44 victory over Louisiana Tech. Tennessee's Tonya Edwards was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament."}
| null | null |
For the host colleges in the east region , how many were founded before the 1900s ?
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5
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02fa0f08452284ee
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_films_of_2001', 'title': 'List of Russian films of 2001', 'header': ['Title', 'Russian title', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Genre'], 'data': [{'value': 'Come Look at Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Come_Look_at_Me', 'summary': "Come Look at Me ( Russian : Приходи на меня посмотреть , romanized : Prikhodi na menya posmotret ) is a 2001 Russian romantic comedy set around New Year celebrations , directed by Oleg Yankovsky and Mikhail Agranovich . The film was Yankovsky 's sole directorial effort . Oleg Yankovsky won the award for Best Actor at Kinotavr ."}]}, {'value': 'Приходи на меня посмотреть', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikhail Agranovich , Oleg Yankovskiy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Agranovich_(cinematographer)', 'summary': 'Mikhail Leonidovich Agranovich ( Russian : Михаи́л Леони́дович Аграно́вич ; born 1946 ) is a Soviet and Russian cinematographer , director and teacher . He became an Honored Artist of the RSFSR ( 1987 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Oleg_Yankovskiy', 'summary': "Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky ( Russian : Оле́г Ива́нович Янко́вский ; 23 February 1944 - 20 May 2009 ) was a Soviet and Russian actor who had excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals . In 1991 , he became , together with Sofia Pilyavskaya , the last person to be named a People 's Artist of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Oleg Yankovsky , Irina Kupchenko , Yekaterina Vasilyeva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irina_Kupchenko', 'summary': "Irina Petrovna Kupchenko ( Russian : Ирина Петровна Купченко ; born 1 March 1948 in Vienna ) is a Soviet and Russian actress . She rose to prominence after acting in Andrei Konchalovsky 's 1969 movie adaptation of A Nest of Gentlefolk . She has performed in more than forty films since 1969 . Her performance in Lonely Woman Seeks Life Companion won her a Best Actress award at the Montreal World Film Festival . She also played Alexandre in The Last Night of the Last Tsar , a play that was based on the book The Last Tsar : The Life and Death of Nicholas II by Edvard Radzinsky ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yekaterina_Vasilyeva', 'summary': 'Yekaterina Sergeyevna Vasilyeva ( Russian : Екатерина Серге́евна Васильева ; born 15 August 1945 in Moscow ) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actress . She performed in more than ninety films since 1967 . Was the wife of the director Sergei Solovyov and playwright Mikhail Roshchin .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Down House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Down_House_(film)', 'summary': 'Down House ( Russian : Даун Хаус ) is a 2001 Russian comedy-gross-out film by Roman Kachanov , a spoof parody on the novel The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoevsky . The film received the Special Jury Prize at Kinotavr .'}]}, {'value': 'Даун Хаус', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roman Kachanov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fyodor Bondarchuk , Jerzy Stuhr , Barbara Brylska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fyodor_Bondarchuk', 'summary': "Fyodor Sergeyevich Bondarchuk ( Russian : Фёдор Серге́евич Бондарчу́к [ fʲɵdər sʲɪrgʲeɪvʲɪtɕ bəndɐˈrtɕuk ] ; born May 9 , 1967 ) is a Russian film director , actor , TV and film producer , clipmaker , TV host , founder of production company Art Pictures Studio . Bondarchuk specializes in action , war , and science fiction films . Some of the most notable films Fyodor has directed include The 9th Company ( 2005 ) , The Inhabited Island ( 2008-2009 ) , Stalingrad ( 2013 ) and Attraction ( 2017 ) . As an actor , Bondarchuk is best known for starring in 8 ½ $ ( 1999 ) , Down House ( 2001 ) , Two Days ( 2011 ) , The PyraMMMid ( 2011 ) and Ghost ( 2015 ) Bondarchuk is a winner of TEFI award in 2003 in nomination The best host of the entertainment TV-show . In 2011 he received the Golden Eagle Award as the Best Actor . On October 15 , 2012 he was appointed as Chairman of Lenfilm 's Board of directors ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jerzy_Stuhr', 'summary': 'Jerzy Oskar Stuhr ( Polish pronunciation : [ ˈjɛʐɨ ˈʂtur ] ; born 18 April 1947 ) is one of the most popular , influential and versatile Polish film and theatre actors . He also works as a screenwriter , film director and drama professor . He served as the Rector of the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Kraków for two terms : from 1990 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Barbara_Brylska', 'summary': 'Barbara Brylska ( born 5 June 1941 ) is a Polish actress who was also featured in numerous films throughout the countries of the Warsaw Pact including the Soviet Union . She is noted especially for her role as Nadya in the 1975 Soviet comedy film Irony of Fate .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Heart of the Bear', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Heart_of_the_Bear', 'summary': "The Heart of the Bear ( Estonian : Karu süda ) is a 2001 Estonian , Czech , German , Russian co-produced drama film directed by Arvo Iho . It was Estonia 's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee . It was also entered into the 24th Moscow International Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Сердце медведицы', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arvo Iho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arvo_Iho', 'summary': 'Arvo Iho ( born 21 June 1949 ) is an Estonian film director , cinematographer , actor and photographer , who has worked in the areas of documentary and drama .'}]}, {'value': 'Rain Simmul , Dinara Drukarova , Ilyana Pavlova , Külli Teetamm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dinara_Drukarova', 'summary': 'Dinara Anatolyevna Drukarova ( Russian : Динара Анатольeвна Друкарова ; born 3 January 1976 ) is a Russian actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Külli_Teetamm', 'summary': 'Külli Teetamm ( born 22 May 1976 ) , is an Estonian stage , television and film actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In August of 1944', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/In_August_of_1944', 'summary': 'In August 1944 ( Russian : В августе 44-го… ; better known as The Moment of Truth ) is a 2001 Russian-Belarusian action film directed by Mikhail Ptashuk .'}]}, {'value': 'В августе 44-го…', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikhail Ptashuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Ptashuk', 'summary': 'Mikhail Nikolaevich Ptashuk ( Russian : Михаил Николаевич Пташу́к , Belarusian : Міхаі́л Мікала́евіч Пташу́к ) ; January 28 , 1943 - April 26 , 2002 was a Soviet and Belorussian film director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Yevgeny Mironov , Vladislav Galkin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yevgeny_Mironov_(actor)', 'summary': "Yevgeny Vitalevich Mironov ( Russian : Евгений Витальевич Миронов ; born 29 November 1966 ) is a Russian film and stage actor , Meritorious Artist of Russian Federation ( 1996 ) , People 's Artist of Russia ( 2004 ) , State Prize of the Russian Federation laureate - 1995 , 2010 . Yevgeny Mironov lives and works in Moscow , Russia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vladislav_Galkin', 'summary': "Vladislav Borisovich Galkin ( Russian : Владисла́в Бори́сович Га́лкин ; 25 December 1971 - 25 February 2010 ) was a highly popular Russian actor who starred in fifty seven films including several TV serials , such as Spetsnaz ( 2002 ) , The Master and Margarita ( 2005-2006 ) and Dikari ( 2006 ) . Galkin studied acting at the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute from 1988 to 1992 , then studied film directing at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in the 1990 where his teacher was Vladimir Khotinenko . On 27 February 2010 , Galkin was found dead in his apartment , and the cause of death was said to be cardiac arrest . However , according to his family and friends , he was murdered based on evidence indicating the presence of other people in his room just before his death and the disappearance of $ 130,000 from his apartment . The police dismissed this version . Galkin 's death was mourned by many who demanded finding those responsible for his death . Colleagues have said Galkin was suffering from a drinking problem . In 2009 , he was charged with hooliganism using a weapon and non-life-threatening violence against a law enforcement official , after an attack on a police lieutenant at a bar in July . In December , he was convicted to a suspended sentence of 14 months . For millions of viewers , especially those outside Russia , Galkin is remembered as the poet Ivan Bezdomny ( Homeless ) in Vladimir Bortko 's much lauded film version of Mikhail Bulgakov 's epic novel The Master and Margarita . In the Bortko film series , the character Bezdomny witnesses the death of his friend . When he tries to tip off the authorities to the improbable sequence of events , their reaction is to lock him up in a mental hospital ."}]}, {'value': 'action', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Jewish Steppe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Jewish_Steppe', 'summary': 'The Jewish Steppe is a 2001 documentary about a group of Russian Jews who , suffering as a result of prejudice and fearful of pogroms , left their homeland to farm the Crimean Peninsula . Established in the 1920s , their Soviet agrarian commune was destroyed .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valeri Ovchinnikov', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Documentary', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Journey Back to Youth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Journey_Back_to_Youth', 'summary': "Journey Back to Youth ( Russian : Путешествие в юность , Puteshestvie v yunost ) is a 2001 documentary film by Russian film makers Alexander Gutman and Sergei Litviakov . The film is an interview of four German women who tell the story of four young German girls from East Prussia placed into a Soviet labor camp at the end of World War II according to Stalin 's decisions about mobilization of Germans for reconstruction works in the USSR . The film won the Platinum Award at the 34th International Independent Film Festival ( Worldfest ) in Houston , Texas , in 2001 and the Gold Camera Award at the US International Film and Video Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Путешествие в юность', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Gutman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Gutman', 'summary': 'Alexander Ilyich Gutman ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Гу́тман ; January 29 , 1945 - February 17 , 2016 ) , also spelt as Alexandre Goutman and Aleksandr Gutman , was a Russian film director of Jewish origin . During a 30-year career , Gutman shot over 50 documentary films , 13 of them as film director . He won awards at several Russian and international film festivals . He graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute ( now known as St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University ) ( 1968 ) and VGIK ( 1978 ) .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Documentary', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mechanical Suite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mechanical_Suite', 'summary': 'Mechanical Suite ( Russian : Механическая сюита , romanized : Mekhanicheskaya syuita ) is a 2001 Russian comedy-drama film directed by Dmitry Meskhiev . The film is based on the story Brothers by Janusz Głowacki .'}]}, {'value': 'Механическая сюита', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dmitry Meskhiev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dmitry_Meskhiev', 'summary': 'Dmitry Dmitriyevich Meskhiev ( Russian : Дмитрий Дмитриевич Месхиев , born 31 October 1963 ) is a Russian film director . His 2004 film Our Own won the Golden George at the 26th Moscow International Film Festival , and his 2015 work Battalion won four out of nine nominations at the 2015 Golden Eagle Awards . He is the son of the Soviet cameraman Dmitry Meskhiev Sr .'}]}, {'value': 'Mikhail Porechenkov , Sergei Garmash , Konstantin Khabensky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Porechenkov', 'summary': 'Mikhail Evgenevich Porechenkov ( Russian : Михаи́л Евге́ньевич Поре́ченков , born 2 March 1969 , Leningrad , Soviet Union ) is a Russian film actor , producer , director . He became famous after his lead role as FSB Agent Alexey Nikolayev in the TV series National Security Agent ( 1999-2005 ) . In 2008 , Porechenkov produced , directed and starred in D-Day ( День Д ) , a Russian remake of the 1985 American action film Commando .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Garmash', 'summary': "Sergei Leonidovich Garmash ( Russian : Серге́й Леони́дович Гарма́ш ; born 1 September 1958 ) is a Soviet and Russian film and stage actor . He is a People 's Artist of Russia . In 2013 he was a member of the jury at the 35th Moscow International Film Festival ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Konstantin_Khabensky', 'summary': "Konstantin Yurievich Khabensky , PAR ( Russian : Константин Юрьевич Хабенский ; born 11 January 1972 ) is a Russian actor of stage and film , director and philanthropist . From 1997 he was part of the Saint Petersburg Lensoviet Theatre cast until 2000 , after which he transferred to the Moscow Art Theatre in 2002 where he is still active . Khabensky 's first lead roles in cinema were in Women 's Property ( 1999 ) and in the film In Motion ( 2002 ) . Among the Russian audience he gained recognition with the TV series Deadly Force ( 2002-2005 ) , while his international breakthrough came with the films Night Watch ( 2004 ) and Day Watch ( 2006 ) as the protagonist , Anton Gorodetsky . Other notable films with him in the lead role include Poor Relatives ( 2005 ) , The Irony of Fate 2 ( 2007 ) , Collector ( 2016 ) , TV series Pyotr Leschenko . Everything That Was . ( 2013 ) , The Method ( 2015 ) and Trotsky ( 2017 ) . One of the most acclaimed actors in Russia , Khabensky has earned numerous awards , including two Nika Awards for The Admiral ( 2008 ) and The Geographer Drank His Globe Away ( 2013 ) . He has also won three Golden Eagle Awards for Best Actor , three Kinotavr Awards and the Russian Guild of Film Critics Award . Based on the data of the website KinoPoisk , Konstantin Khabensky was declared to be the most popular actor in Russia in the first 15 years of the 21st century . Khabensky made his directorial debut in 2018 with the Holocaust drama Sobibor where he also played the role of Alexander Pechersky . Alongside his work in cinema , Khabensky is a philanthropist , in 2008 he established the Konstantin Khabensky Charitable Foundation which provides assistance to children with oncological and other serious brain afflictions ."}]}, {'value': 'Comedy , drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poisons or the World History of Poisoning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poisons_or_the_World_History_of_Poisoning', 'summary': 'Poisons or the World History of Poisoning ( Russian : Яды , или Всемирная история отравлений , romanized : Yady , ili vsemirnaya istoriya otravleniy ) is a 2001 Russian fantastical absurdist comedy directed by Karen Shakhnazarov .'}]}, {'value': 'Яды , или Всемирная история отравлений', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karen Shakhnazarov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karen_Shakhnazarov', 'summary': 'Karen Georgievich Shakhnazarov , PAR ( Russian : Каре́н Гео́ргиевич Шахназа́ров ; born 8 July 1952 ) is a Soviet and Russian filmmaker , producer and screenwriter . He became the Director General of the Mosfilm studios in 1998 . Shakhnazarov is the son of a Georgy Shakhnazarov , a politician of Armenian descent , and a Russian housewife , Anna Grigorievna Shakhnazarova . His 1987 film Courier was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival , where it won a Special Prize . In 2002 he was a member of the jury at the 24th Moscow International Film Festival . Since 2005 he has been a member of the Public Chamber of Russia . His 2012 film White Tiger was selected as the Russian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . In March 2014 he signed a letter in support of the position of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on the situation in Ukraine and Crimea . For this he was banned from entering Ukraine .'}]}, {'value': 'Ignat Akrachkov , Oleg Basilashvili , Zhanna Dudanova , Aleksandr Bashirov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oleg_Basilashvili', 'summary': 'Oleg Basilashvili ( Russian : Оле́г Валериа́нович Басилашви́ли ; Georgian : ოლეგ ბასილაშვილი , pronounced [ ɔlɛg bɑsilɑʃvili ] ; born 26 September 1934 ) is a well-known Soviet/Russian film and theatre actor , as well as political figure in the former Soviet Union and in the new Russia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aleksandr_Bashirov', 'summary': 'Aleksandr Nikolaevich Bashirov ( Russian : Александр Николаевич Баширов ; born 24 September 1955 in Sogom ) is a Russian film and theater actor , director and screenwriter . He performed in more than sixty films since 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sisters , Yekaterina Gorina , Roman Ageyevas Albert Alik Murtazaev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sisters_(2001_film)', 'summary': 'Sisters ( Russian : Сёстры , translit . Syostry ) is a 2001 Russian crime film directed by Sergei Bodrov , Jr . It is notable as being his first and only film as director due to his death while filming his second film the year after . It was awarded Grand Prix for the Best Debut at the 2001 Kinotavr film festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Сестры', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sergei Bodrov , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Bodrov,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Sergei Sergeyevich Bodrov ( Russian : Серге́й Серге́евич Бодро́в ; December 27 , 1971 - September 20 , 2002 ) , also known as Sergei Bodrov Jr. , was a Russian actor who had lead roles in the films Brother , Prisoner of the Mountains , East/West and Brother 2 . He was the son of the Russian playwright , actor , director and producer Sergei Bodrov . He was killed in the Kolka-Karmadon rock ice slide at the end of the second day of shooting of his film The Messenger .'}]}, {'value': 'Oksana Akinshina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oksana_Akinshina', 'summary': 'Oksana Sergeevna Akinshina ( Russian : Оксана Сергеевна Акиньшина ; born 19 April 1987 ) is a Russian actress . She is best known for her roles in films Sisters ( 2001 ) , Lilya 4-ever ( 2002 ) , The Bourne Supremacy ( 2004 ) , and Hipsters ( 2008 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Crime', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taurus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taurus_(film)', 'summary': "Taurus ( Russian : Телец , romanized : Telets ) is a 2001 Russian biographical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov , portraying Vladimir Lenin . It is the second film in a trilogy by director Aleksandr Sokurov that began with Moloch about Nazi Germany 's Adolf Hitler and continued with The Sun about Japanese emperor Hirohito . It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Телец', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Sokurov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Sokurov', 'summary': 'Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov , PAR ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Соку́ров ; born 14 June 1951 ) is a Russian filmmaker . His most significant works include a feature film , Russian Ark ( 2002 ) , filmed in a single unedited shot , and Faust ( 2011 ) , which was honoured with the Golden Lion , the highest prize for the best film at the Venice Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Leonid Mozgovoy , Mariya Kuznetsova , Sergei Razhuk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biopic', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2001', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Russian_films_of_2001_0', 'intro': 'A list of films produced in Russia in 2001 (see 2001 in film).'}
| null | null |
Who did the person who directed Poisons or the World History of Poisoning support when it came to the issue of Crimea ?
|
Vladimir Putin
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02fa251bee333072
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Garvin_County,_Oklahoma', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Garvin County, Oklahoma', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antioch Dependent School District No . 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 6 , 2004 ( # 04001333 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0.5 miles west of the junction of Antioch Rd and State Highway 74 34°43′30″N 97°24′42″W / 34.725°N 97.411667°W / 34.725 ; -97.411667 ( Antioch Dependent School District No . 15 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_74', 'summary': 'State Highway 74 , usually abbreviated as SH-74 or OK-74 ( or simply Highway 74 ) is the numbering of two different highways maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma . These highways were once a single major north-south route , connecting Oklahoma City to more rural parts of the state . The original road stretched from SH-7 near Tatums , Oklahoma to SH-11 west of Deer Creek . Due to encroaching Interstate highways - especially Interstate 35 - the middle section of the route through Norman , Moore , and Oklahoma City was decommissioned in 1979 for reasons of redundancy . However , some maps show SH-74 as concurrent with I-35 , I-240 , and I-44 , thus linking the two sections . The north section of the route is 91 1⁄2 miles ( 147.3 km ) in length , while the southern section is 52 1⁄2 miles ( 84.5 km ) long . This leads to a total length of 144 miles ( 232 km ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Elmore City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elmore_City,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Elmore City is a town in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . This town is fifty-eight miles south of Oklahoma City . The population was 697 at the 2010 census . It was named after J. O. Elmore . There are two main highways running through Elmore City . One of the Highways is Oklahoma State Highway 29 , running west-east . The other is Oklahoma State Highway 74 , running north-south . It is about 12 miles west of Wynnewood , 25.5 miles south of Purcell , and about 23 miles west of U.S. Highway 177 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beaty School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 8 , 2017 ( # 100001592 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cty . Rd . 3210 at Royal Oaks Rd . 34°43′29″N 97°16′59″W / 34.724671°N 97.28293°W / 34.724671 ; -97.28293 ( Beaty School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pauls Valley vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pauls_Valley,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Pauls Valley is a city in and the county seat of Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 6,187 at the 2010 census , a decline of 1.1 percent from 6,256 at the 2000 census . It was settled by and named for Smith Paul , a North Carolina native who married a Chickasaw woman and became a citizen of the Chickasaw Nation before the Civil War . The town economy is largely based on agriculture and oil production .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erin Springs Mansion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 22 , 1970 ( # 70000534 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South of the Washita River 34°48′30″N 97°36′16″W / 34.808333°N 97.604444°W / 34.808333 ; -97.604444 ( Erin Springs Mansion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washita_River', 'summary': 'The Washita River is a river in the states of Texas and Oklahoma in the United States . The river is 295 miles ( 475 km ) long and terminates at its confluence with the Red River , which is now part of Lake Texoma ( 33°55′N 96°35′W / 33.917°N 96.583°W / 33.917 ; -96.583 ) on the Texas-Oklahoma border .'}]}, {'value': 'Erin Springs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erin_Springs,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Erin Springs is a town in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 87 at the 2010 census , a decline of 23.7 percent from 114 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eskridge Hotel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 3 , 1979 ( # 79001994 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '114 E. Robert S. Kerr St. 34°38′36″N 97°10′10″W / 34.643333°N 97.169444°W / 34.643333 ; -97.169444 ( Eskridge Hotel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wynnewood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wynnewood,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Wynnewood is a city in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . It is 67 miles ( 108 km ) south of Oklahoma City . The population was 2,212 at the 2010 U.S. census , compared to 2,367 at the 2000 census . Located in what was then the Chickasaw Nation of Indian Territory , it began as a village called Walner in 1886 , on the proposed route of the Gulf , Colorado and Santa Fe Railway . Railroad workers from Pennsylvania named the community for Wynnewood , a community outside of Philadelphia . The name became official on April 6 , 1887 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First National Bank Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_National_Bank_Building_(Stratford,_Oklahoma)', 'summary': "The First National Bank Building in Stratford , Oklahoma , at 100 West Main , was built in 1907 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 . It is a two-story brick building with a patterned metal hipped roof , with two gabled dormers and six brick chimneys and two small metal towerets and an ornamented ridge cap , as well as a two-story turret . It is described as Late Victorian in style , combining elements of Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne styles , which it terms as sub-styles of Victorian . Queen Anne characteristics include the irregular massing and some details ; Romanesque Revival elements include the rounded stonework arch above the building 's corner entrance . The building is unique among the commercial buildings of downtown Stratford . The majority of other buildings in the central business district are relatively plain , one-story , brick , Commercial style resources ."}]}, {'value': 'June 14 , 2001 ( # 01000659 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100 W. Main 34°47′44″N 96°57′44″W / 34.795556°N 96.962222°W / 34.795556 ; -96.962222 ( First National Bank Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stratford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stratford,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Stratford is a town in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . Prior to Oklahoma statehood in 1907 , the town existed under different names and was in the Chickasaw Nation in a geographic region known as Indian Territory . Peach orchards abound in and around the town . The population was 1,525 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Arbuckle Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Arbuckle_(Oklahoma)', 'summary': 'Fort Arbuckle was constructed by the US Army in 1850 to counter raids by Plains Indian tribes on immigrant trains heading west to California and on the settlements of Choctaw and Chickasaw nations in Indian Territory . Captain Randolph B. Marcy was assigned to select the site and oversee construction of the fort , named to honor the recently deceased General Matthew Arbuckle . The site was inside the boundary of the Chickasaw Nation and on the bank of the Washita River , 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) west and 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) north of the present town of Davis , Oklahoma . The overall size of the post was originally 12 miles ( 19 km ) by 12 miles ( 19 km ) , allowing enough room for friendly tribes to camp under the protection of the post . Marcy and his men constructed a rectangular fort , with barracks on opposite sides and the quartermaster and commissary facilities at opposite ends . Eventually the fort consisted of thirty buildings constructed of hewn logs , with stone chimneys . Major William H. Emory of the First Cavalry was appointed commander of both Fort Arbuckle and Fort Washita in 1858 . He found the facilities at the fort inadequate . Many of the buildings were in a poor state of repair ; ordnance stores were depleted ; and surplus ammunition and gunpowder had to be buried in order to be weather protected . But before the troops could remedy these faults , they received orders to build another fort , this one named Fort Cobb . On May 3 , 1861 , after the Civil War broke out , Major Emory ordered the three forts under his command to be evacuated , with the troops going to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas , which supported the Union . The government of the Chickasaw Nation had already decided to support the Confederacy .'}]}, {'value': 'June 13 , 1972 ( # 72001064 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'About 0.5 miles north of Hoover on State Highway 7 34°31′39″N 97°15′00″W / 34.5275°N 97.25°W / 34.5275 ; -97.25 ( Fort Arbuckle Site )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_7', 'summary': "State Highway 7 ( abbreviated SH-7 ) is a 150.5-mile ( 242.2 km ) highway in southern Oklahoma . This lengthy highway connects many towns in Oklahoma 's Little Dixie area . It runs from Interstate 44 in Lawton to U.S. 69/US-75 in Atoka ."}]}, {'value': 'Hoover', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoover,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Hoover is an unincorporated community located in Garvin County , Oklahoma . It contains the remains of Fort Arbuckle , a fort used in the 1800s to train men in fighting the local Native Americans .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garvin County Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garvin_County_Courthouse', 'summary': 'The Garvin County Courthouse , at Courthouse Sq . and Grant Ave. in Pauls Valley , Oklahoma , is a historic courthouse designed by architect Jewell Hicks . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 . It is also included in the Pauls Valley Historic District'}]}, {'value': 'November 8 , 1985 ( # 85002758 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courthouse Sq . and Grant Ave. 34°44′25″N 97°13′18″W / 34.740278°N 97.221667°W / 34.740278 ; -97.221667 ( Garvin County Courthouse )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pauls Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pauls_Valley,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Pauls Valley is a city in and the county seat of Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 6,187 at the 2010 census , a decline of 1.1 percent from 6,256 at the 2000 census . It was settled by and named for Smith Paul , a North Carolina native who married a Chickasaw woman and became a citizen of the Chickasaw Nation before the Civil War . The town economy is largely based on agriculture and oil production .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hargis-Mitchell-Cochran House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 2 , 1982 ( # 82003684 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '204 E. Robert S. Kerr St. 34°38′35″N 97°10′08″W / 34.643056°N 97.168889°W / 34.643056 ; -97.168889 ( Hargis-Mitchell-Cochran House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wynnewood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wynnewood,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Wynnewood is a city in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . It is 67 miles ( 108 km ) south of Oklahoma City . The population was 2,212 at the 2010 U.S. census , compared to 2,367 at the 2000 census . Located in what was then the Chickasaw Nation of Indian Territory , it began as a village called Walner in 1886 , on the proposed route of the Gulf , Colorado and Santa Fe Railway . Railroad workers from Pennsylvania named the community for Wynnewood , a community outside of Philadelphia . The name became official on April 6 , 1887 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Initial Point', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Initial_Point_(Oklahoma)', 'summary': 'Initial Point , on the boundary of Garvin County , Oklahoma and Murray County , Oklahoma , about 7.5 miles ( 12.1 km ) west of Davis , Oklahoma , is a historic surveying initial point which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 . It includes one contributing object , a sandstone marker monument approximately 54x18x18 in dimension . It was set in a mound of stones six feet in diameter and three feet high , from which flagstaff at Fort Arbuckle bears north seven degrees , thirty-seven minutes west .'}]}, {'value': 'October 6 , 1970 ( # 70000533 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'About 7.5 miles west of Davis on the Garvin/Murray county line 34°30′24″N 97°14′49″W / 34.506667°N 97.246944°W / 34.506667 ; -97.246944 ( Initial Point )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davis,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Davis is a city in Garvin and Murray counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 2,683 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moore-Settle House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 25 , 1983 ( # 83002086 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '508 E. Cherokee St. 34°38′34″N 97°09′50″W / 34.642778°N 97.163889°W / 34.642778 ; -97.163889 ( Moore-Settle House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wynnewood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wynnewood,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Wynnewood is a city in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . It is 67 miles ( 108 km ) south of Oklahoma City . The population was 2,212 at the 2010 U.S. census , compared to 2,367 at the 2000 census . Located in what was then the Chickasaw Nation of Indian Territory , it began as a village called Walner in 1886 , on the proposed route of the Gulf , Colorado and Santa Fe Railway . Railroad workers from Pennsylvania named the community for Wynnewood , a community outside of Philadelphia . The name became official on April 6 , 1887 .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pauls Valley Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 1 , 1979 ( # 79001993 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by railroad tracks , Grant Ave. , and Joy St. 34°44′24″N 97°13′10″W / 34.74°N 97.219444°W / 34.74 ; -97.219444 ( Pauls Valley Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pauls Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pauls_Valley,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Pauls Valley is a city in and the county seat of Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 6,187 at the 2010 census , a decline of 1.1 percent from 6,256 at the 2000 census . It was settled by and named for Smith Paul , a North Carolina native who married a Chickasaw woman and became a citizen of the Chickasaw Nation before the Civil War . The town economy is largely based on agriculture and oil production .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Fe Depot of Lindsay', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 25 , 1986 ( # 86000863 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '120 N. Main 34°50′14″N 97°36′09″W / 34.837222°N 97.6025°W / 34.837222 ; -97.6025 ( Santa Fe Depot of Lindsay )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindsay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindsay,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Lindsay is a city in Garvin County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 2,840 at the 2010 census . It once promoted itself as The Broomcorn Capital of the World but no longer uses that slogan , as broomcorn is no longer raised in the area .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Garvin_County,_Oklahoma_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Garvin County, Oklahoma. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Garvin County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.'}
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Which historic place is located in a town with a population of 87 ?
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Erin Springs Mansion
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02fae94928a500bf
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_firewalls', 'title': 'Comparison of firewalls', 'header': ['Firewall', 'License', 'Cost and usage limits', 'OS'], 'data': [{'value': 'Avast Internet Security', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avast_Antivirus', 'summary': 'Avast Antivirus is a family of cross-platform internet security applications developed by Avast for Microsoft Windows , macOS , Android and iOS . The Avast Antivirus products include gratis and paid versions that provide computer security , browser security , antivirus software , firewall , anti-phishing , antispyware , and anti-spam among other services . As of 2017 , Avast is the most popular antivirus vendor on the market , and it had the largest share of the market for antivirus applications .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Comodo Internet Security', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Comodo_Internet_Security', 'summary': 'Comodo Internet Security ( CIS ) is developed and distributed by Comodo Group , a freemium Internet security suite that includes an antivirus program , personal firewall , sandbox and a host-based intrusion prevention system ( HIPS ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 10/8.1/8/7/Vista x32/x64 , XP x32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Intego VirusBarrier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intego', 'summary': "Intego is a Mac security software company . The company was founded in 1997 . The company creates Internet security software exclusively for Mac OS X and macOS , including : antivirus , firewall , anti-spam , backup software and data protection software . Intego currently has offices in the U.S. in Seattle , Washington and Austin , Texas , and also offices in Paris , France and Nagano , Japan . All of Intego 's products are universal binaries , and are supported in several languages : English , French , Japanese , German , Spanish and Italian ."}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mac OS X 10.5 or later ; on an Xserve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mac_OS_X', 'summary': "macOS ( /ˌmækoʊˈɛs/ ; previously Mac OS X and later OS X ) is a series of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001 . It is the primary operating system for Apple 's Mac computers . Within the market of desktop , laptop and home computers , and by web usage , it is the second most widely used desktop OS , after Microsoft Windows . macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems . The first is colloquially called the classic Mac OS , which was introduced in 1984 , and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The first desktop version , Mac OS X 10.0 , was released in March 2001 , with its first update , 10.1 , arriving later that year . After this , Apple began naming its releases after big cats , which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion . Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks , releases have been named after locations in California . Apple shortened the name to OS X in 2012 and then changed it to macOS in 2016 , adopting the nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems , iOS , watchOS , and tvOS . The latest version is macOS Catalina , which was publicly released in October 2019 . Between 1999 and 2009 , Apple sold a separate series of operating systems called Mac OS X Server . The initial version , Mac OS X Server 1.0 , was released in 1999 with a user interface similar to Mac OS 8.5 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.5', 'summary': "Mac OS X Leopard ( version 10.5 ) is the sixth major release of Mac OS X ( now named macOS ) , Apple 's desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers . Leopard was released on October 26 , 2007 as the successor of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger , and is available in two editions : a desktop version suitable for personal computers , and a server version , Mac OS X Server . It retailed for $ 129 for the desktop version and $ 499 for Server . Leopard was superseded by Snow Leopard ( version 10.6 ) . Leopard is the final version of macOS to support the PowerPC architecture as Snow Leopard functions solely on Intel based Macs . According to Apple , Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements over its predecessor , Mac OS X Tiger , covering core operating system components as well as included applications and developer tools . Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop , with a redesigned Dock , Stacks , a semitransparent menu bar , and an updated Finder that incorporates the Cover Flow visual navigation interface first seen in iTunes . Other notable features include support for writing 64-bit graphical user interface applications , an automated backup utility called Time Machine , support for Spotlight searches across multiple machines , and the inclusion of Front Row and Photo Booth , which were previously included with only some Mac models . Apple missed Leopard 's release time frame as originally announced by Apple 's CEO Steve Jobs . When first discussed in June 2005 , Jobs had stated that Apple intended to release Leopard at the end of 2006 or early 2007 . A year later , this was amended to Spring 2007 ; however on April 12 , 2007 , Apple issued a statement that its release would be delayed until October 2007 because of the development of the iPhone ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Xserve', 'summary': "Xserve is a line of rack unit computers designed by Apple Inc. for use as servers . Introduced in 2002 , it was Apple 's first designated server hardware design since the Apple Network Server in 1996 . In the meantime , ordinary Power Macintosh G3 and G4 models were rebranded as Macintosh Server G3 and Macintosh Server G4 with some alterations to the hardware , such as added Gigabit Ethernet cards , UltraWide SCSI cards , extra large and fast hard drives etc . and shipped with Mac OS X Server software . The Xserve initially featured one or two PowerPC G4 processors , but later switched over to the then-new PowerPC G5 , transitioned to Intel with the Core 2-based Xeon offerings and subsequently switched again to two quad-core Intel Nehalem microprocessors . The Xserve can be used for a variety of applications , including file server , web server or even high-performance computing applications using clustering - a dedicated cluster Xserve , the Xserve Cluster Node , without a video card and optical drives was also available . On November 5 , 2010 , Apple announced that the Xserve line would be discontinued on January 31 , 2011 and replaced with the Mac Pro Server and the Mac Mini Server ."}]}, {'value': 'Kaspersky Internet Security', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaspersky_Internet_Security', 'summary': 'Kaspersky Internet Security ( often abbreviated to KIS ) is an internet security suite developed by Kaspersky Lab compatible with Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. KIS offers protection from malware , as well as email spam , phishing and hacking attempts , and data leaks . Kaspersky Lab Diagnostics results are distributed to relevant developers through MIT [ clarify ] .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid / 30 day trial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Lavasoft Personal Firewall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lavasoft_Personal_Firewall', 'summary': "Adaware , formerly known as Lavasoft , is a software development company that produces spyware and malware detection software , including Adaware . It operates as a subsidiary of Avanquest a division of Claranova . The company offers Adaware in three editions , one free and the other two , Pro and Total , commercial . Other Adaware products include Adaware Ad Block , Adaware Web Companion , Lavasoft Digital Lock , Lavasoft File Shredder , Lavasoft Privacy Toolbox and Lavasoft Registry Tuner . Adaware 's headquarters are in Montreal , Canada , having previously been located in Gothenburg , Sweden since 2002 . Nicolas Stark and Ann-Christine Åkerlund established the company in Germany in 1999 with its flagship Adaware antivirus product . In 2011 , Lavasoft was acquired by the Solaria Fund , a private equity fund front for entrepreneurs Daniel Assouline and Michael Dadoun , who have been accused of selling software that is available for free , including Adaware antivirus prior to acquiring the company itself ."}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Forefront_Threat_Management_Gateway', 'summary': 'Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway ( Forefront TMG ) , formerly known as Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server ( ISA Server ) , is a network router , firewall , antivirus program , VPN server and web cache from Microsoft Corporation . It runs on Windows Server and works by inspecting all network traffic that passes through it .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Discontinued', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'NetLimiter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NetLimiter', 'summary': "NetLimiter is a client-side traffic shaping , monitoring and firewall ( computing ) software for the Windows operating system . Unlike most traffic-shaping utilities , which are based on centrally managed hardware , NetLimiter is a software-only solution . This has the advantage of being less expensive to deploy , but can result in being more difficult to manage its use across more than one computer . [ citation needed ] While it has a significant market among more technically minded computer users , in medium-to-large networks it becomes difficult for administrators to maintain multiple copies of configuration files . [ citation needed ] It is , however , useful for simulating slow links between departments showing how the applications will work when deployed to slower sites . [ citation needed ] It is often lumped together with other free or shareware in articles that present the reader with 'essential ' applications and poweruser-type utilities ."}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 10 , 8 , 7 x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Norton 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norton_360', 'summary': 'Norton 360 , developed by Symantec , is an all-in-one security suite for the consumer market . It was first released in 2007 , but was discontinued in 2014 ; its features were carried over to its successor , Norton Security . In 2019 , Symantec , under its new corporate name NortonLifeLock , began promoting a NEW Norton 360 as a product replacement for Norton Security .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Online Armor Personal Firewall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Online_Armor_Personal_Firewall', 'summary': 'Online Armor Personal Firewall is a firewall originally developed by Australian company ( ( Tall Emu ) ) , until the program was sold to Emsi Software GmbH ( now Emsisoft Ltd ) . The program provides protection on a Microsoft Windows operating system from both inbound and outbound attacks . There are three editions of this product :'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Discontinued', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Outpost Firewall Pro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outpost_Firewall_Pro', 'summary': 'Outpost Firewall Pro is a discontinued personal firewall developed by Agnitum ( founded in 1999 in St. Petersburg , Russia ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Discontinued', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 10 , 8 , 7 , Vista , XP x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'PC Tools Firewall Plus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PC_Tools_Firewall_Plus', 'summary': 'PC Tools ( founded in 2003 ) , formerly known as WinGuides.com , was a software company acquired by Symantec in 2008 ; the new owner eventually discontinued the PC Tools name . Company headquarters were in Australia , with offices in Luxembourg , the United States , United Kingdom , Ireland and Ukraine . The company had previously developed and distributed security and optimization software for the Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows platforms .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Discontinued', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Sygate Personal Firewall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sygate_Personal_Firewall', 'summary': 'NortonLifeLock Inc. ( formerly known as Symantec /sɪˈmænˌtɛk/ ) is an American software company headquartered in Tempe , Arizona , United States . The company provides cybersecurity software and services . NortonLifeLock is a Fortune 500 company and a member of the S & P 500 stock-market index . The company also has development centers in Pune , Chennai and Bangalore . On October 9 , 2014 , Symantec declared it would split into two independent publicly traded companies by the end of 2015 . One company would focus on security , the other on information management . On January 29 , 2016 , Symantec sold its information-management subsidiary , named Veritas Technologies ( which Symantec had acquired in 2004 ) to The Carlyle Group . The name Symantec is a portmanteau of the words syntax and semantics with technology . On August 9 , 2019 , Broadcom Inc. announced they would be acquiring the Enterprise Security software division of Symantec for $ 10.7 billion , after having attempted to purchase the whole company . The sale closed November 4 , 2019 , and subsequently the company adopted the NortonLifeLock name .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Discontinued', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows unknown versions x32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Windows Firewall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Windows_Firewall', 'summary': 'Windows Firewall ( officially called Windows Defender Firewall in Windows 10 ) , is a firewall component of Microsoft Windows . It was first included in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 . Prior to the release of Windows XP Service Pack 2 in 2004 , it was known as Internet Connection Firewall . With the release of Windows 10 version 1709 in September 2017 , it was renamed Windows Defender Firewall .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Included with Windows XP SP2 and later', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows versions x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'ZoneAlarm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZoneAlarm', 'summary': "ZoneAlarm is an internet security software company that provides consumer antivirus and firewall products . ZoneAlarm was developed by Zone Labs , which was acquired in March 2004 by Check Point . ZoneAlarm 's firewall security products include an inbound intrusion detection system , as well as the ability to control which programs can create outbound connections ."}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Free / Paid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 10/8.1/8/7/Vista x32/x64 , XP x32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'Netfilter/iptables', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netfilter/iptables', 'summary': "Netfilter is a framework provided by the Linux kernel that allows various networking-related operations to be implemented in the form of customized handlers . Netfilter offers various functions and operations for packet filtering , network address translation , and port translation , which provide the functionality required for directing packets through a network and prohibiting packets from reaching sensitive locations within a network . Netfilter represents a set of hooks inside the Linux kernel , allowing specific kernel modules to register callback functions with the kernel 's networking stack . Those functions , usually applied to the traffic in the form of filtering and modification rules , are called for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the networking stack ."}]}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GPL', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linux kernel module', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linux', 'summary': 'Linux ( /ˈlɪnəks/ ( listen ) LIN-əks ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 , by Linus Torvalds . Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution . Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project . Many Linux distributions use the word Linux in their name , but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software , causing some controversy . Popular Linux distributions include Debian , Fedora , and Ubuntu . Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland , and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma . Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether , or include a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any purpose . Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Linux is the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers ( since November 2017 , having gradually eliminated all competitors ) . It is used by around 2.3 percent of desktop computers .'}]}, {'value': 'nftables', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nftables', 'summary': 'nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames . It has been available since Linux kernel 3.13 released on 19 January 2014. nftables is supposed to replace certain parts of Netfilter , while keeping and reusing most of it . Among the advantages of nftables over iptables is less code duplication and more throughput . nftables is configured via the user-space utility nft , while legacy tools are configured via the utilities iptables , ip6tables , arptables and ebtables frameworks . nftables utilizes the building blocks of the Netfilter infrastructure , such as the existing hooks into the networking stack , connection tracking system , userspace queueing component , and logging subsystem .'}]}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GPL', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linux kernel ( > =3.13 ) module', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linux', 'summary': 'Linux ( /ˈlɪnəks/ ( listen ) LIN-əks ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 , by Linus Torvalds . Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution . Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project . Many Linux distributions use the word Linux in their name , but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software , causing some controversy . Popular Linux distributions include Debian , Fedora , and Ubuntu . Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland , and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma . Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether , or include a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any purpose . Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Linux is the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers ( since November 2017 , having gradually eliminated all competitors ) . It is used by around 2.3 percent of desktop computers .'}]}, {'value': 'Shorewall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shorewall', 'summary': 'Shorewall is an open source firewall tool for Linux that builds upon the Netfilter ( iptables/ipchains ) system built into the Linux kernel , making it easier to manage more complex configuration schemes by providing a higher level of abstraction for describing rules using text files .'}]}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GPL', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linux -based appliance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linux', 'summary': 'Linux ( /ˈlɪnəks/ ( listen ) LIN-əks ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 , by Linus Torvalds . Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution . Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project . Many Linux distributions use the word Linux in their name , but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software , causing some controversy . Popular Linux distributions include Debian , Fedora , and Ubuntu . Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland , and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma . Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether , or include a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any purpose . Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Linux is the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and the only OS used on TOP500 supercomputers ( since November 2017 , having gradually eliminated all competitors ) . It is used by around 2.3 percent of desktop computers .'}]}, {'value': 'PeerBlock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PeerBlock', 'summary': 'PeerBlock is a free and open-source personal firewall that blocks packets coming from , or going to , a maintained list of black listed hosts . PeerBlock is the Windows successor to the software PeerGuardian ( which is currently maintained only for Linux ) . It blocks incoming and outgoing connections to IP addresses that are included on blacklists ( made available on the Internet ) , and to addresses specified by the user . PeerBlock mainly uses blacklists provided by iblocklist.com .'}]}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GPL', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 8/8.1 , 7 , Vista x32/x64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': 'NPF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NPF_(firewall)', 'summary': 'NPF is a BSD licensed stateful packet filter , a central piece of software for firewalling . It is comparable to iptables , ipfw , ipfilter and PF . NPF is developed on NetBSD .'}]}, {'value': 'BSD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BSD', 'summary': "The Berkeley Software Distribution ( BSD ) was an operating system based on Research Unix , developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group ( CSRG ) at the University of California , Berkeley . Today , BSD often refers to its descendants , such as FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , or DragonFly BSD , and systems based on those descendants . BSD was initially called Berkeley Unix because it was based on the source code of the original Unix developed at Bell Labs . In the 1980s , BSD was widely adopted by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix variants such as DEC Ultrix and Sun Microsystems SunOS due to its permissive licensing and familiarity to many technology company founders and engineers . Although these proprietary BSD derivatives were largely superseded in the 1990s by UNIX SVR4 and OSF/1 , later releases provided the basis for several open-source operating systems including FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , DragonFly BSD , Darwin , and TrueOS . These , in turn , have been used by proprietary operating systems , including Apple 's macOS and iOS , which derived from them , and Microsoft Windows , which used ( at least ) part of its TCP/IP code , which was legal , however without giving due credit . Code from FreeBSD was also used to create the operating system for the PlayStation 4 and further ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NetBSD kernel module', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NetBSD', 'summary': 'NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution ( BSD ) . It was the first open-source BSD descendant officially released after 386BSD was forked . It continues to be actively developed and is available for many platforms , including servers , desktops , handheld devices , and embedded systems . The NetBSD project focuses on code clarity , careful design , and portability across many computer architectures . Its source code is publicly available and permissively licensed .'}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PF_(firewall)', 'summary': 'PF ( Packet Filter , also written pf ) is a BSD licensed stateful packet filter , a central piece of software for firewalling . It is comparable to netfilter ( iptables ) , ipfw , and ipfilter . PF was developed for OpenBSD , but has been ported to many other operating systems .'}]}, {'value': 'BSD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BSD', 'summary': "The Berkeley Software Distribution ( BSD ) was an operating system based on Research Unix , developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group ( CSRG ) at the University of California , Berkeley . Today , BSD often refers to its descendants , such as FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , or DragonFly BSD , and systems based on those descendants . BSD was initially called Berkeley Unix because it was based on the source code of the original Unix developed at Bell Labs . In the 1980s , BSD was widely adopted by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix variants such as DEC Ultrix and Sun Microsystems SunOS due to its permissive licensing and familiarity to many technology company founders and engineers . Although these proprietary BSD derivatives were largely superseded in the 1990s by UNIX SVR4 and OSF/1 , later releases provided the basis for several open-source operating systems including FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , DragonFly BSD , Darwin , and TrueOS . These , in turn , have been used by proprietary operating systems , including Apple 's macOS and iOS , which derived from them , and Microsoft Windows , which used ( at least ) part of its TCP/IP code , which was legal , however without giving due credit . Code from FreeBSD was also used to create the operating system for the PlayStation 4 and further ."}]}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': '*BSD kernel module', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution', 'summary': "The Berkeley Software Distribution ( BSD ) was an operating system based on Research Unix , developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group ( CSRG ) at the University of California , Berkeley . Today , BSD often refers to its descendants , such as FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , or DragonFly BSD , and systems based on those descendants . BSD was initially called Berkeley Unix because it was based on the source code of the original Unix developed at Bell Labs . In the 1980s , BSD was widely adopted by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix variants such as DEC Ultrix and Sun Microsystems SunOS due to its permissive licensing and familiarity to many technology company founders and engineers . Although these proprietary BSD derivatives were largely superseded in the 1990s by UNIX SVR4 and OSF/1 , later releases provided the basis for several open-source operating systems including FreeBSD , OpenBSD , NetBSD , DragonFly BSD , Darwin , and TrueOS . These , in turn , have been used by proprietary operating systems , including Apple 's macOS and iOS , which derived from them , and Microsoft Windows , which used ( at least ) part of its TCP/IP code , which was legal , however without giving due credit . Code from FreeBSD was also used to create the operating system for the PlayStation 4 and further ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Firewall software', 'section_text': 'See also : Personal firewall Some firewall solutions are provided as software solutions that run on general purpose operating systems . The following table lists different firewall software that can be installed / configured in different general purpose operating systems .', 'uid': 'Comparison_of_firewalls_0', 'intro': 'The following is a comparison of notable firewalls, starting from simple home firewalls up to the most sophisticated Enterprise-level firewalls.'}
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What are the costs and usage limits of the firewall that Nicolas Stark and Ann-Christine Åkerlund established in Germany in 1999 ?
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Paid
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02fdf02ed8aab94e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'title': 'UCI Mountain Bike World Cup', 'header': ['Season', 'Winner', 'Runner-up', 'Third'], 'data': [{'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Tomac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Tomac', 'summary': 'John Tomac ( born November 3 , 1967 , in Owosso , Michigan ) is an American retired professional cyclist who competed in multiple disciplines in road racing and mountain biking during a successful senior career that spanned twenty years . He is regarded as a mountain biking icon and was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1991 . He is a true all-rounder , having won major national and international titles in four disciplines .'}]}, {'value': 'Gerhard Zadrobilek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerhard_Zadrobilek', 'summary': 'Gerhard Zadrobilek ( born 23 June 1961 in Breitenfurt bei Wien ) is an Austrian former professional road bicycling racer .'}]}, {'value': 'David Wiens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Wiens', 'summary': 'David Wiens is an American former professional cross-country mountain bike racer . He is known for his six consecutive wins in the Leadville Trail 100 MTB mountain bike race including defeating Tour de France riders Floyd Landis and Lance Armstrong . Wiens , a 2000 inductee to the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame , won the Leadville Trail 100 every year from 2003 to 2008 . In 2007 , he broke the 7 hour mark for the first time at 6:58:46 while holding off Floyd Landis by just under 2 minutes . In 2008 , Wiens won again beating 7-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong by just under 2 minutes and setting a new course record of 6:45:45 . In 2009 , Wiens finished second behind Armstrong in Leadville with a time of 6:57:02 . Wiens was also the US National cross country champion in 1993 and the US National marathon champion in 2004 . He won two UCI World Cup races and numerous NORBA National Series races during his career . In 2006 , Wiens founded Gunnison Trails , a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing singletrack trails on public lands adjacent to Gunnison , Colorado . In 2008 , Wiens began representing Ergon Bike Ergonomics , a German brand focused on producing ergonomically designed grips , saddles , packs and more . In 2011 , Wiens began working with the Leadville Race Series as a consultant and ambassador . In 2012 , Wiens created the Mountain Sports program at Western State Colorado University in Gunnison .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Frischknecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frischknecht', 'summary': "Thomas Frischknecht ( born 17 February 1970 in Feldbach , Switzerland ) is a former Swiss mountain bike and cyclo-cross racer , often called Europe 's Elder Statesman of mountain biking , because of his extraordinarily long career at the top level of the sport . A professional since 1990 , he was on top of the Mountain Bike World Championship podium for the first time in 1996 and most recently in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Tomac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Tomac', 'summary': 'John Tomac ( born November 3 , 1967 , in Owosso , Michigan ) is an American retired professional cyclist who competed in multiple disciplines in road racing and mountain biking during a successful senior career that spanned twenty years . He is regarded as a mountain biking icon and was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1991 . He is a true all-rounder , having won major national and international titles in four disciplines .'}]}, {'value': 'Ned Overend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ned_Overend', 'summary': 'Edmund ( Ned ) Overend ( born 20 August 1955 ) is an American former professional cross-country mountain bike racer . He is a six-time NORBA cross-country mountain bike national champion who became the first-ever cross-country world champion by winning the inaugural UCI Mountain Bike World Championship in 1990 . Overend was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1990 and into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Frischknecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frischknecht', 'summary': "Thomas Frischknecht ( born 17 February 1970 in Feldbach , Switzerland ) is a former Swiss mountain bike and cyclo-cross racer , often called Europe 's Elder Statesman of mountain biking , because of his extraordinarily long career at the top level of the sport . A professional since 1990 , he was on top of the Mountain Bike World Championship podium for the first time in 1996 and most recently in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Tomac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Tomac', 'summary': 'John Tomac ( born November 3 , 1967 , in Owosso , Michigan ) is an American retired professional cyclist who competed in multiple disciplines in road racing and mountain biking during a successful senior career that spanned twenty years . He is regarded as a mountain biking icon and was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1991 . He is a true all-rounder , having won major national and international titles in four disciplines .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Hric', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bart Brentjens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bart_Brentjens', 'summary': "Bart Jan-Baptist Marie Brentjens ( born 10 October 1968 in Haelen ) is a Dutch racing cyclist in mountain biking . Brentjens won a gold medal for mountain biking in the 1996 Summer Olympics , the first to recognize cross-country mountain biking as an event . He followed this with bronze in the 2004 Summer Olympics . Previously he won gold at the 1995 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships . In 2007 he became 10th time Dutch National champion Brentjens competed in Men 's category of the Absa Cape Epic in 2005 , winning 1st place overall with team mate Roel Paulissen . In 2009 he won 2nd place overall , this time competing alongside Chris Jongewaard . Brentjens then began competing in the Master 's category . He won the category in both 2012 with Jan Weevers and in 2014 with Abraao Azevedo . He has completed the marathon stage race ten times to date . Brentjens , along with Rob Warner , is also a co-commentator for Red Bull TV 's official coverage of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup ( XCO ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ned Overend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ned_Overend', 'summary': 'Edmund ( Ned ) Overend ( born 20 August 1955 ) is an American former professional cross-country mountain bike racer . He is a six-time NORBA cross-country mountain bike national champion who became the first-ever cross-country world champion by winning the inaugural UCI Mountain Bike World Championship in 1990 . Overend was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1990 and into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tinker Juarez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tinker_Juarez', 'summary': "David Juarez ( born March 4 , 1961 ) is an American former professional BMX and cross-country mountain bike racer . His prime competitive years in BMX were from 1978 to 1984 and in mountain bike racing 1986 to 2005 . Since late 2005 , he has competed as a Marathon mountain bike racer . In all three disciplines , he has won numerous national and international competitions . Most recently , Juarez finished third in the 2006 Race Across America Endurance bicycle race . Born in Downey , California , Juarez is a highly talented cyclist who has made significant impacts in the cycling disciplines of BMX Racing , Freestyle BMX , Cross-country Mountain Bike racing , and now Marathon Mountain Bike racing for over thirty years . While he was also known as the Hollified Flash after one of his home BMX tracks he used to race at and dominate in the early-1970s , the moniker Tinker is a nickname that was coined by his family . According to his Mother Rose : We used to say 'Stinker ' when he was a baby , everybody thought we were saying 'Tinker David Juarez is so well known by his nickname Tinker many people probably think that is his real first name ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Frischknecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frischknecht', 'summary': "Thomas Frischknecht ( born 17 February 1970 in Feldbach , Switzerland ) is a former Swiss mountain bike and cyclo-cross racer , often called Europe 's Elder Statesman of mountain biking , because of his extraordinarily long career at the top level of the sport . A professional since 1990 , he was on top of the Mountain Bike World Championship podium for the first time in 1996 and most recently in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rune Hoydahl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rune_Hoydahl', 'summary': 'Rune Høydahl ( born December 10 , 1969 ) is a former Norwegian mountain biker . He won 11 World Cup races , and three times came second overall . Besides John Tomac , Hoydahl is the only mountain biker with World Cup victories in both downhill and cross country . In 1995 Høydahl won five World Cup races in a row . He represented Norway at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . In addition , he won the Norseman triathlon in 2004 after having retired . He is now captain of his own professional mountain bike team - Team Etto/Høydahl . He lives in Sande , 20 km south of Drammen .'}]}, {'value': 'Jan Erik Østergaard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christophe Dupouey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christophe_Dupouey', 'summary': "Christophe Dupouey ( 8 August 1968 , in Tarbes - 4 February 2009 , in Tarbes ) was a French mountain biker . In 1996 he won the gold medal in the men 's cross country section of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup . In 1998 he won the gold medal in the same section of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships . Dupouey also competed in the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games , placing 4th in Atlanta . In 2006 he was given a suspended three-month prison sentence for participating in a trafficking network for pot belge , a mix of cocaine , caffeine , pain killers , sometimes amphetamines and heroin . In 2009 he committed suicide on 4 February , at the age of 40 ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Frischknecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frischknecht', 'summary': "Thomas Frischknecht ( born 17 February 1970 in Feldbach , Switzerland ) is a former Swiss mountain bike and cyclo-cross racer , often called Europe 's Elder Statesman of mountain biking , because of his extraordinarily long career at the top level of the sport . A professional since 1990 , he was on top of the Mountain Bike World Championship podium for the first time in 1996 and most recently in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Christophe Dupouey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christophe_Dupouey', 'summary': "Christophe Dupouey ( 8 August 1968 , in Tarbes - 4 February 2009 , in Tarbes ) was a French mountain biker . In 1996 he won the gold medal in the men 's cross country section of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup . In 1998 he won the gold medal in the same section of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships . Dupouey also competed in the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games , placing 4th in Atlanta . In 2006 he was given a suspended three-month prison sentence for participating in a trafficking network for pot belge , a mix of cocaine , caffeine , pain killers , sometimes amphetamines and heroin . In 2009 he committed suicide on 4 February , at the age of 40 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cadel Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cadel_Evans', 'summary': "Cadel Lee Evans AM ( /kəˈdɛl/ ; born 14 February 1977 ) is an Australian former professional racing cyclist who finished in the Top 10 of eleven Grand Tours and won the 2011 Tour de France . Early in his career , he was a champion mountain biker , winning the World Cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men 's cross-country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . Evans is a four time Olympian . Evans turned to full-time road cycling in 2001 , and gradually progressed through the ranks . He finished second in the 2007 and 2008 Tours de France . He became the first Australian to win the UCI ProTour ( 2007 ) and the UCI Road World Championships in 2009 . Finally , he won the Tour de France in 2011 , riding for the BMC Racing Team , after two Tours riddled with bad luck . At age 34 , he was among the five oldest winners in the race 's history . He is one of only three non-Europeans to have officially won the Tour , the others being Greg LeMond and Egan Bernal . In addition to his 2011 victory , he also finished on the podium twice , and also made the podium in the Vuelta a España as well as the Giro d'Italia . Evans retired on 1 February 2015 , after completing a race named in his honour ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cadel Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cadel_Evans', 'summary': "Cadel Lee Evans AM ( /kəˈdɛl/ ; born 14 February 1977 ) is an Australian former professional racing cyclist who finished in the Top 10 of eleven Grand Tours and won the 2011 Tour de France . Early in his career , he was a champion mountain biker , winning the World Cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men 's cross-country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . Evans is a four time Olympian . Evans turned to full-time road cycling in 2001 , and gradually progressed through the ranks . He finished second in the 2007 and 2008 Tours de France . He became the first Australian to win the UCI ProTour ( 2007 ) and the UCI Road World Championships in 2009 . Finally , he won the Tour de France in 2011 , riding for the BMC Racing Team , after two Tours riddled with bad luck . At age 34 , he was among the five oldest winners in the race 's history . He is one of only three non-Europeans to have officially won the Tour , the others being Greg LeMond and Egan Bernal . In addition to his 2011 victory , he also finished on the podium twice , and also made the podium in the Vuelta a España as well as the Giro d'Italia . Evans retired on 1 February 2015 , after completing a race named in his honour ."}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Rune Hoydahl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rune_Hoydahl', 'summary': 'Rune Høydahl ( born December 10 , 1969 ) is a former Norwegian mountain biker . He won 11 World Cup races , and three times came second overall . Besides John Tomac , Hoydahl is the only mountain biker with World Cup victories in both downhill and cross country . In 1995 Høydahl won five World Cup races in a row . He represented Norway at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . In addition , he won the Norseman triathlon in 2004 after having retired . He is now captain of his own professional mountain bike team - Team Etto/Høydahl . He lives in Sande , 20 km south of Drammen .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1999 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup were the 1999 mountain biking world cup races and were held in three disciplines : Cross-country , Downhill and Dual for both men and women .'}]}, {'value': 'Cadel Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cadel_Evans', 'summary': "Cadel Lee Evans AM ( /kəˈdɛl/ ; born 14 February 1977 ) is an Australian former professional racing cyclist who finished in the Top 10 of eleven Grand Tours and won the 2011 Tour de France . Early in his career , he was a champion mountain biker , winning the World Cup in 1998 and 1999 and placing seventh in the men 's cross-country mountain bike race at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . Evans is a four time Olympian . Evans turned to full-time road cycling in 2001 , and gradually progressed through the ranks . He finished second in the 2007 and 2008 Tours de France . He became the first Australian to win the UCI ProTour ( 2007 ) and the UCI Road World Championships in 2009 . Finally , he won the Tour de France in 2011 , riding for the BMC Racing Team , after two Tours riddled with bad luck . At age 34 , he was among the five oldest winners in the race 's history . He is one of only three non-Europeans to have officially won the Tour , the others being Greg LeMond and Egan Bernal . In addition to his 2011 victory , he also finished on the podium twice , and also made the podium in the Vuelta a España as well as the Giro d'Italia . Evans retired on 1 February 2015 , after completing a race named in his honour ."}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bas van Dooren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bas_van_Dooren', 'summary': "Bas van Dooren ( born 25 August 1973 in Oss ) is a Dutch mountain biker . He competed in the Men 's cross-country at the 2000 Summer Olympics , finishing 11th . In 1998 he finished second in the cross-country at the European Mountain Bike Championships . In 2000 he finished second overall of the 2000 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup Van Dooren tested positive for EPO in 2002 from a test two days before the 2002 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships , where he finished 11th . He bought it in Germany via internet and replied that 'it was a gamble ' . He was suspended for one year and ended his career ."}]}, {'value': 'Christophe Dupouey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christophe_Dupouey', 'summary': "Christophe Dupouey ( 8 August 1968 , in Tarbes - 4 February 2009 , in Tarbes ) was a French mountain biker . In 1996 he won the gold medal in the men 's cross country section of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup . In 1998 he won the gold medal in the same section of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships . Dupouey also competed in the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games , placing 4th in Atlanta . In 2006 he was given a suspended three-month prison sentence for participating in a trafficking network for pot belge , a mix of cocaine , caffeine , pain killers , sometimes amphetamines and heroin . In 2009 he committed suicide on 4 February , at the age of 40 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2001 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup included four disciplines : cross-country , cross-country time-trial , downhill , and dual-slalom . It was sponsored by Tissot . The cross-country , downhill and dual-slalom events on 7 and 8 July were originally scheduled to be held at Whistler , but were moved to Grouse Mountain .'}]}, {'value': 'Roland Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roland_Green_(cyclist)', 'summary': "Roland Green ( born 29 July 1974 in Victoria , British Columbia ) is a retired Canadian mountain bike and road bicycle racer . Green was a member of the Canadian Olympic Mountain Bike Racing Team for the 2000 Summer Olympics , held in Sydney , Australia . He was a Commonwealth gold medalist at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester , England , winning the MTB event on the same day as his birthday . Green dominated the world cup circuit of cross-country mountain biking from 2000 until 2003 , becoming world champion in both 2001 and 2002 . Roland also is the record holder of the Mount Doug Hill climb in his hometown of Victoria BC , Canada with a fast 4Min . 39sec which nobody has broken in 10 years . He was named VeloNews ' Mountain Bike Man of the Year in 1999 and Canada 's Male Cyclist of the Year in 2000 . Green retired at the end of the 2005 racing season ."}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Martinez_(cyclist)', 'summary': 'Miguel Martinez ( born 17 January 1976 in Fourchambault , Nièvre ) is a French cyclist specializing in competitive cross-country mountain biking . He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia after having finished in third place in the inaugural event at the 1996 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Filip Meirhaeghe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filip_Meirhaeghe', 'summary': 'Filip Meirhaeghe ( born 5 March 1971 in Ghent ) is a retired Belgian racing cyclist . His primary focus was in mountain bike racing , however , he has also taken part in elite road , cyclo-cross and track cycling . He has won four Mountain Bike World Championships medals , one Olympic medal and a total of eleven mountain bike World Cup events . In the final years of his racing career he raced for the bicycle manufacturer Specialized Bicycle Components on the mountain bike and for the professional team Domina Vacanze-Elitron on the road .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Frischknecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frischknecht', 'summary': "Thomas Frischknecht ( born 17 February 1970 in Feldbach , Switzerland ) is a former Swiss mountain bike and cyclo-cross racer , often called Europe 's Elder Statesman of mountain biking , because of his extraordinarily long career at the top level of the sport . A professional since 1990 , he was on top of the Mountain Bike World Championship podium for the first time in 1996 and most recently in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Filip Meirhaeghe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filip_Meirhaeghe', 'summary': 'Filip Meirhaeghe ( born 5 March 1971 in Ghent ) is a retired Belgian racing cyclist . His primary focus was in mountain bike racing , however , he has also taken part in elite road , cyclo-cross and track cycling . He has won four Mountain Bike World Championships medals , one Olympic medal and a total of eleven mountain bike World Cup events . In the final years of his racing career he raced for the bicycle manufacturer Specialized Bicycle Components on the mountain bike and for the professional team Domina Vacanze-Elitron on the road .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Roel Paulissen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roel_Paulissen', 'summary': "Roel Paulissen ( born 27 April 1976 in Hasselt ) is a Belgian professional mountain biker . Throughout his sporting career since 1993 , he has won more than ten Belgian national championship titles , mounted top-five finishes at both the European and World Cup series , and claimed a total of four medals , including two golds , in men 's cross-country race at the UCI Mountain Bike World Championships . Paulissen also represented his nation Belgium in four editions of the Olympic Games ( 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , and 2008 ) , where he competed in men 's mountain biking since it officially became an Olympic sport in 1996 . By the start of the 2010 season , Paulissen had been overshadowed by a doping issue after he tested positive for clomiphene that sidelined and effectively ended his mountain biking career . Having lifted a two-year suspension from doping in early 2013 , Paulissen came out from his short retirement to join and race professionally for the Italian team Torpado ."}]}, {'value': 'Filip Meirhaeghe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filip_Meirhaeghe', 'summary': 'Filip Meirhaeghe ( born 5 March 1971 in Ghent ) is a retired Belgian racing cyclist . His primary focus was in mountain bike racing , however , he has also taken part in elite road , cyclo-cross and track cycling . He has won four Mountain Bike World Championships medals , one Olympic medal and a total of eleven mountain bike World Cup events . In the final years of his racing career he raced for the bicycle manufacturer Specialized Bicycle Components on the mountain bike and for the professional team Domina Vacanze-Elitron on the road .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2005 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup included four disciplines : marathon , cross-country , downhill and 4-cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2006 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup includes four disciplines : marathon , cross-country , downhill and 4-cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2008 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup includes four disciplines : cross-country , downhill , marathon and four-cross . It is sponsored by Nissan .'}]}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'Christoph Sauser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christoph_Sauser', 'summary': 'Christoph Sauser ( born April 13 , 1976 in Sigriswil , Switzerland ) is a cross-country mountain biker who won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia . He currently races on the Specialized Cross Country Team . He was the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2004 and 2005 , along with taking 2nd in 2002 and 2003 , with a 3rd place in 2001 . He has won a total of 10 World Cups . In 2006 Sauser won his first Absa Cape Epic with partner Silvio Bundi . He then partnered up with Burry Stander winning back to back in 2011 and 2012 . Sauser partnered up with Jaroslav Kulhavy in 2013 , once again claiming 1st in the marathon stage race . At the 2015 Absa Cape Epic Sauser rode himself in the races history books by becoming the first person to win it a landmark five times , after which he retired from professional racing . In March , 2017 , Sauser came out of retirement in a bid to win his sixth Absa Cape Epic . In spite of being in good form he and partner Jaroslav Kulhavy ( Investec Songo Specialized ) finished second to Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) . The Sauser/Kulhavy combination was hampered by punctures at critical times . He won first place in the 2008 Mountain Bike World Championships , came second in the 2005 edition , and third in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2009 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup includes three disciplines : cross-country , downhill and four-cross . It is sponsored by Nissan .'}]}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'José Antonio Hermida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Antonio_Hermida', 'summary': 'José Antonio Hermida Ramos ( born on August 24 , 1978 in Puigcerdà , Girona ) is a Spanish cyclist of Galician origin specializing in competitive mountain biking . He won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece after having finished in fourth place in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Burry Stander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burry_Stander', 'summary': "Burry Willie Stander ( 16 September 1987 - 3 January 2013 ) was a South African mountain biker , the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup under-23 men 's cross-country 2009 world champion . In the 2008 Summer Olympics , held in Beijing , Stander finished 15th in the cross-country mountain bike race . In the 2012 Summer Olympics , held in London , Stander finished 5th in the cross-country mountain bike race . Stander paired up with Christoph Sauser in 2009 for the Absa Cape Epic . Although the team only managed 6th place that year , they then came back in 2010 to claim 2nd place . Finally in 2011 Stander and Sauser finished in 1st place , making Stander the first South African rider to win the Absa Cape Epic . In 2012 the team were victorious once again , winning the Prologue and four of the seven stages of the marathon stage race . Stander died after getting hit by a taxibus while on a training ride moments before returning to his Concept Cyclery Shop in South Africa , on 3 January 2013 at the age of 25 . A KwaZulu-Natal minibus taxi driver who struck down Stander , was convicted of culpable homicide on Friday April 17 , 2015 at the Port Shepstone Magistrates Court and was sentenced to three years in prison ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2010 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup includes three disciplines : cross-country , downhill and four-cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Nino Schurter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nino_Schurter', 'summary': "Nino Schurter ( born 13 May 1986 ) is a Swiss cross-country cyclist who races for the SCOTT-SRAM MTB Racing Team . Schurter won the world championship in men 's cross-country in 2009 , 2012 , 2013 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 and 2019 and the overall UCI World Cup in 2010 , 2012 , 2013 , 2015 , 2017 , 2018 and 2019 and thus become the second man to hold 7 World Cup overall titles . He won the gold medal in mountain biking at the 2016 Olympics , the silver medal 2012 Olympics and the bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics . He won the Swiss National Championship in cross-country mountain biking in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 . He joined Orica-GreenEDGE for a number of road races during the 2014 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Julien Absalon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Absalon', 'summary': 'Julien Absalon ( born 16 August 1980 ) is a French cross-country mountain biker .'}]}, {'value': 'Jaroslav Kulhavy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaroslav_Kulhavy', 'summary': 'Jaroslav Kulhavý ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈjaroslaf ˈkulɦaviː ] ; born 8 January 1985 in Ústí nad Orlicí ) , is a Czech mountain biker He is currently riding for the Specialized Racing team . He won the gold medal in the cross-country event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the silver medal four years later at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He is the overall winner of the UCI World Cup in 2011 , along with taking 3rd place in 2010 and 2012 . In 2013 and 2015 Kulhavy partnered with Christoph Sauser to win the Absa Cape Epic mountain bike stage race ( Tour de France of mountain biking ) Kulhavy raced the Absa Cape Epic with Sauser again in March , 2017 , but their bid for a third win together was foiled by Nino Schurter and Matthias Stirnemann ( Scott-Sram ) , who eventually prevailed by eight minutes . In June 2014 he took the world title in mountain bike marathon . At the Olympic Games in Rio in 2016 he came in second in the cross country race . Shortly after the start , he entered the front group and gradually formed a leading couple along with Nino Schurter , who was slowly passing by . In the penultimate sixth lap , Kulhavý was unable to respond to the arrival of a Swiitzerland cyclist and a gap grew gradually between the two rivals . Jaroslav Kulhavý , however , watched his second place and won the silver medal . He was on the start list for the 2018 Cross-country European Championship and he finished'}]}], 'section_title': 'Overall series winners -- Cross-country ( XCO )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'UCI_Mountain_Bike_World_Cup_0', 'intro': 'The UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is a multi-round mountain bike racing series that is sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale. The first World Cup series - which was composed of cross-country events - was held in 1989. The Downhill World Cup was inaugurated two years later, and the Dual Slalom World Cup was launched in 1998. The dual-slalom format - which involved knock-out heats with two riders on the parallel courses in each heat - evolved into four-cross (with four riders on a single course per heat) in 2002 before being dropped after the 2011 season. Riders win points according to their placing in each event. The reigning series leaders in each class are identified by a special jersey. The UCI Mountain Bike World Cup is broadcast live and globally on Red Bull TV. The replacement world series for 4X World Cup is the 4X Pro Tour and for XCM World Cup is UCI MTB Marathon series.'}
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Who was the third place in the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup in which a Norwegian mountain biker was the runner-up ?
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Jan Erik Østergaard
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02fe78a38e5a967b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people', 'title': 'List of awards named after people', 'header': ['Award', 'Named after', 'Field', 'Achievement'], 'data': [{'value': 'Lamme Medal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IEEE_Lamme_Medal', 'summary': "The initially called AIEE Lamme Medal was established in 1924 by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers ( AIEE ) to recognize members for 'meritorious achievement in the development of electrical apparatus or machinery . ' The medal was named in recognition of Benjamin G. Lamme , Westinghouse ' chief engineer , who amongst others was responsible for the construction of the Niagara Falls generators . The medal , established in accordance with Lamme 's will , bears the inscription The engineer views hopefully the hitherto unattainable . The medal continued to be awarded as the IEEE Lamme Medal by the Board of Directors of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) , after the AIEE organization merged into the IEEE in 1963 . The scope was also extended to 'meritorious achievement in the development of electrical or electronic power apparatus or systems . ' The first Lamme Medal was presented in 1928 to Allan B . Field 'For the mathematical and experimental investigation of eddy current losses in large slot wound conductors in electrical machinery ' . The last Lamme Medal was presented in 2002 . Since then , the IEEE Lamme Medal Fund has had no sponsor , and the medal has not been awarded . In 2008 , the IEEE decided to discontinue this medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Benjamin G. Lamme', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_G._Lamme', 'summary': "Benjamin Garver Lamme ( January 12 , 1864 - July 8 , 1924 ) was an American electrical engineer and chief engineer at Westinghouse , where he was responsible for the design of electrical power machines . Lamme created an efficient induction motor from Nikola Tesla 's patents and went on to design the giant Niagara Falls generators and motors and the power plant of the Manhattan Elevated Railway in New York City ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamoriello Trophy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamoriello_Trophy', 'summary': "The Lamoriello Trophy is awarded annually to the champion of the Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . The award came into existence on March 7 , 1988 and is named for the first commissioner of Hockey East , Lou Lamoriello . In 1998 , a permanent trophy was commissioned , and in 1999 , it was awarded for the first time , to the Boston College Eagles . The winner of the Lamoriello Trophy receives an automatic entry to the NCAA Division I Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Lou Lamoriello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lou_Lamoriello', 'summary': "Louis Lamoriello ( born October 21 , 1942 ) is an American professional ice hockey executive who is the president of hockey operations and general manager for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He is also the former general manager of both the Toronto Maple Leafs and the New Jersey Devils of the NHL . Lamoriello 's tenure as general manager of the New Jersey Devils from 1987 to 2015 was the third-longest by an NHL general manager with a single team , following those of Conn Smythe and Art Ross . Lamoriello resigned from New Jersey on May 4 , 2015 , and became the 16th general manager of the Maple Leafs on July 23 of the same year . Under Lamoriello 's management , the Devils , who had been barely competitive for their first five years in New Jersey , became one of the most successful teams in the NHL . The Devils made the Stanley Cup playoffs all but three times between 1988 and 2012 , qualified for five Stanley Cup Finals ( in 1995 , 2000 , 2001 , 2003 and 2012 ) and won the Stanley Cup three times ( in 1995 , 2000 and 2003 ) . Lamoriello also served as general manager for Team USA in the 1996 World Cup of Hockey , in which the U.S. won the gold medal , as well as for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano . Lamoriello also played a key role in negotiating the settlement of the 2004-05 NHL lockout to resume play for the 2005-06 season . In 2009 , Lamoriello was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builders category , while in 2012 , Lamoriello was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Ice hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Hockey East men 's postseason tournament championship trophy", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hockey_East', 'summary': "The Hockey East Association , also known as Hockey East , is a college ice hockey conference which operates entirely in New England . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . Hockey East came into existence in 1984 for men 's hockey when most of its current members split from what is today known as ECAC Hockey , after disagreements with the Ivy League members . The women 's league , the WHEA , began play in 2002 . On October 5 , 2011 , the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish ( an ACC member outside football ) announced they would be joining Hockey East as the conference 's first non-New England school in 2013 after the CCHA folded . On March 22 , 2016 , Notre Dame subsequently announced their men 's hockey team would leave Hockey East for the Big Ten Conference at the start of the 2017-2018 season . The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) and Hockey East jointly announced on June 21 , 2012 that UConn 's men 's team , then in Atlantic Hockey , would join the school 's women 's team in Hockey East in 2014 . On October 24 , 2013 , Merrimack College , already a member of the Hockey East men 's league , announced that it would upgrade its women 's team from club level to full varsity status effective in 2015 and join the Hockey East women 's league . On May 2 , 2017 , the College of the Holy Cross announced that it would join Hockey East for women 's hockey only starting in 2018-19 ."}]}, {'value': 'Landau Gold Medal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landau_Gold_Medal', 'summary': 'The Landau Gold Medal ( Russian : Премия имени Л. Д. Ландау ) is the highest award in theoretical physics awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences and its predecessor the Soviet Academy of Sciences . It was established in 1971 and is named after Soviet physicist and Nobel Laureate Lev Landau . When awarded by the Soviet Academy of Sciences the award was the Landau Prize ; the name was changed to the Landau Gold Medal in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lev Landau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lev_Landau', 'summary': "Lev Davidovich Landau ( Russian : Лев Давидович Ландау ; 22 January 1908 - 1 April 1968 ) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics . His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics ( alongside John von Neumann ) , the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism , the theory of superfluidity , the theory of second-order phase transitions , the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity , the theory of Fermi liquid , the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics , the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics , the two-component theory of neutrinos , and Landau 's equations for S matrix singularities . He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium II at a temperature below 2.17 K ( −270.98 °C ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Theoretical physics', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awarded for outstanding scientific work in the field of theoretical physics , including nuclear physics and elementary particles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lasker Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lasker_Award', 'summary': "The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine . They are administered by the Lasker Foundation , founded by Albert Lasker and his wife Mary Woodard Lasker ( later a medical research activist ) . The awards are sometimes referred to as America 's Nobels . Lasker Award has gained a reputation for identifying future winners of the Nobel Prize . Eighty-six Lasker laureates have received the Nobel Prize , including 32 in the last two decades . Claire Pomeroy is the current President of the Foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'Mary Woodward Lasker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Woodward_Lasker', 'summary': 'Mary Woodard Lasker ( November 30 , 1900 - February 21 , 1994 ) was an American health activist and philanthropist . She worked to raise funds for medical research , and founded the Lasker Foundation .'}]}, {'value': 'Medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major contributions to medical science , or distinguished public service on behalf of medicine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Latsis Prize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Latsis_Prize', 'summary': 'The European Latsis Prize is awarded annually by the European Science Foundation for outstanding and innovative contributions in a selected field of European research . The prize is worth 100,000 Swiss francs and is awarded within a different discipline each year . The prize was inaugurated in 1999 by the Latsis Foundation and ended in 2012 . The prize was awarded in a different scientific field .'}]}, {'value': 'John Latsis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Latsis', 'summary': "Yiannis Latsis ( 1910-2003 ) , also known as John Spyridon Latsis , was a Greek shipping multi-billionaire tycoon notable for his great wealth , influential friends , and charitable activities . The year of his death ( 2003 ) , Forbes magazine ranked Yiannis Latsis number 101 on its list of the world 's richest people , with a fortune estimated at $ 5.4 billion ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phillip Law Postdoctoral Award for the Physical Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Victoria', 'summary': 'The Royal Society of Victoria ( RSV ) is the oldest scientific society in the state of Victoria in Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Phillip Law', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phillip_Law', 'summary': 'Phillip Garth Law , AC , CBE , FAA , FTSE ( 21 April 1912 - 28 February 2010 ) was an Australian scientist and explorer who served as director of Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions ( ANARE ) from 1949 to 1966 .'}]}, {'value': 'Physical Sciences', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The award is open to suitably qualified post-doctoral candidates in the area of the Physical Sciences , which includes Astronomy , Astrophysics , Chemistry , Mathematics , Physics , all branches of Engineering , and related sciences', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berthold_Leibinger_Innovationspreis', 'summary': 'The Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis is an award for given to those who have created applied laser technology and innovations on the application or generation of laser light . It is open to participants worldwide . It is biennially awarded by the German non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung . Three prizes are awarded worth 100,000 euros . The prize winners are selected from eight finalists that present their work person in a jury session . The jury is composed of international experts from different fields .'}]}, {'value': 'Berthold Leibinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berthold_Leibinger', 'summary': 'Berthold Leibinger ( 26 November 1930 - 16 October 2018 ) was a German mechanical engineer , businessman , and philanthropist . He was the head of the German company Trumpf , a leader in laser technology , and founder of the non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung . He served on the advisory board of major companies and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Stuttgart .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berthold_Leibinger_Zukunftspreis', 'summary': 'The Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis ( engl . : future prize ) is an international award for excellent research on the application or generation of laser light . Since 2006 it is biennially awarded by the German non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung with an amount of 50,000 euros , not earmarked .'}]}, {'value': 'Berthold Leibinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berthold_Leibinger', 'summary': 'Berthold Leibinger ( 26 November 1930 - 16 October 2018 ) was a German mechanical engineer , businessman , and philanthropist . He was the head of the German company Trumpf , a leader in laser technology , and founder of the non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung . He served on the advisory board of major companies and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Stuttgart .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz_Prize', 'summary': 'The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize is a program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( the German Research Foundation ) which awards prizes to exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achievements in the field of research . It was established in 1985 and up to ten prizes are awarded annually to individuals or research groups working at a research institution in Germany or at a German research institution abroad . The prize is named after the German polymath and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ( 1646-1716 ) and officially called ( in German ) Förderpreis für deutsche Wissenschaftler im Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Programm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft . It is one of the highest endowed research prizes in Germany with a maximum of €2.5 million per award . The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft aims to improve the working conditions of outstanding scientists and academics , expand their research opportunities , relieve them of administrative tasks , and help them employ particularly qualified young researchers . Some prize winners include Stefan Hell ( 2008 ) , Gerd Faltings ( 1996 ) , Peter Gruss ( 1994 ) , Svante Pääbo ( 1992 ) , Theodor W. Hänsch ( 1989 ) , Erwin Neher ( 1987 ) , Bert Sakmann ( 1987 ) , Jürgen Habermas ( 1986 ) , Hartmut Michel ( 1986 ) , and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard ( 1986 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Gottfried Leibniz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz', 'summary': "Gottfried Wilhelm ( von ) Leibniz ( sometimes spelled Leibnitz ) ( /ˈlaɪbnɪts/ ; German : [ ˈɡɔtfʁiːt ˈvɪlhɛlm fɔn ˈlaɪbnɪts ] or [ ˈlaɪpnɪts ] ; French : Godefroi Guillaume Leibnitz ; 1 July 1646 [ O.S . 21 June ] - 14 November 1716 ) was a prominent German polymath and one of the most important logicians , mathematicians and natural philosophers of the Enlightenment . As a representative of the seventeenth-century tradition of rationalism , Leibniz 's most prominent accomplishment was conceiving the ideas of differential and integral calculus , independently of Isaac Newton 's contemporaneous developments . Mathematical works have consistently favored Leibniz 's notation as the conventional expression of calculus . It was only in the 20th century that Leibniz 's law of continuity and transcendental law of homogeneity found mathematical implementation ( by means of non-standard analysis ) . He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators . While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal 's calculator , he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel , used in the arithmometer , the first mass-produced mechanical calculator . He also refined the binary number system , which is the foundation of all digital computers . In philosophy , Leibniz is most noted for his optimism , i.e . his conclusion that our universe is , in a restricted sense , the best possible one that God could have created , an idea that was often lampooned by others such as Voltaire . Leibniz , along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza , was one of the three great 17th-century advocates of rationalism . The work of Leibniz anticipated modern logic and analytic philosophy , but his philosophy also assimilates elements of the scholastic tradition , notably that conclusions are produced by applying reason to first principles or prior definitions rather than to empirical evidence ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lemelson-MIT Prize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lemelson-MIT_Prize', 'summary': 'The Lemelson-MIT Program awards several prizes yearly to inventors in the United States . The largest is the Lemelson-MIT Prize which was endowed in 1994 by Jerome H. Lemelson , funded by the Lemelson Foundation , and is administered through the School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . The winner receives $ 500,000 , making it the largest cash prize for invention in the U.S . The $ 100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation ( previously named the Award for Sustainability ) was last awarded in 2013 . The Award for Global Innovation replaced the $ 100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award , which was awarded from 1995-2006 . The Lifetime Achievement Award recognized outstanding individuals whose pioneering spirit and inventiveness throughout their careers improved society and inspired others . The Lemelson-MIT Program also awards invention prizes for college students , called the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize .'}]}, {'value': 'Jerome H. Lemelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerome_H._Lemelson', 'summary': "Jerome Jerry Hal Lemelson ( July 18 , 1923 - October 1 , 1997 ) was an American engineer , inventor , and patent holder . Several of his inventions and works in the fields in which he patented have made possible , either wholly or in part , innovations like automated warehouses , industrial robots , cordless telephones , fax machines , videocassette recorders , camcorders , and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony 's Walkman tape players . Lemelson 's 605 patents made him one of the most prolific inventors in American history . Lemelson was an advocate for the rights of independent inventors ; he served on a federal advisory committee on patent issues from 1976 to 1979 . A series of patent litigations and subsequent licensing negotiations made him a controversial figure , seen as staunch supporter for the rights of independent inventors , while criticized by patent attorneys and directors of some of the companies with whom he was involved in litigation . In 1993 , Lemelson and his family established the Lemelson Foundation , a philanthropy with the mission to support invention and innovation to improve lives in the US and developing countries ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coupe Suzanne Lenglen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_Open', 'summary': "The French Open ( French : Championnats Internationaux de France de Tennis ) , also called Roland-Garros ( French : [ ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos ] ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France , beginning in late May . The venue is named after the French aviator Roland Garros . It is the premier clay court tennis championship tournament in the world and the second of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . The French Open is currently the only Grand Slam tournament held on clay , and it is the conclusion of the spring clay court season . Before the Australian Open and the US Open were converted into hardcourt , the French Open was the lone non-grass tournament . Between the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Suzanne Lenglen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suzanne_Lenglen', 'summary': "Suzanne Rachel Flore Lenglen ( 24 May 1899 - 4 July 1938 ) was a French tennis player . She was one of tennis 's biggest stars in the 1920s , building her popularity on her status as the youngest major champion in tennis history as well as her elegant style of play and exuberant personality . Often playing in front of sell-out crowds and appearing on the front pages of newspapers for her biggest matches , she is often regarded as the first female athlete to become a global sport celebrity . Lenglen was ranked No . 1 in the world from 1921 through 1926 , [ c ] winning 8 Grand Slam singles titles and 21 in total . She also won 10 World Championship titles across all disciplines . [ d ] Unsatisfied with her lack of income , she forfeited her amateur status and became the first women 's tennis player to turn professional . Lenglen has been ranked by the Tennis Channel as the greatest women 's tennis player from the amateur era . [ e ] Born to wealthy parents in Paris , Lenglen began playing tennis at 11 years old . Coached primarily by her father Charles throughout her career , she quickly emerged as a child prodigy . She won her first major title at the 1914 World Hard Court Championships at the age of 15 with just four years of experience playing the sport . After World War I delayed her career for four years , Lenglen returned to competitive tennis in 1919 and won her Wimbledon debut in a classic final that finished as the second-longest in history by games played ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': []}, {'value': "French Open women 's singles championship trophy", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_Open', 'summary': "The French Open ( French : Championnats Internationaux de France de Tennis ) , also called Roland-Garros ( French : [ ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos ] ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France , beginning in late May . The venue is named after the French aviator Roland Garros . It is the premier clay court tennis championship tournament in the world and the second of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . The French Open is currently the only Grand Slam tournament held on clay , and it is the conclusion of the spring clay court season . Before the Australian Open and the US Open were converted into hardcourt , the French Open was the lone non-grass tournament . Between the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world ."}, {'url': "/wiki/List_of_French_Open_Women's_Singles_champions", 'summary': "The French Open , [ a ] [ b ] known originally as the Internationaux de France , is an annual tennis tournament created in 1891 and played on outdoor red clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris , France . The women 's singles event began in 1897 ."}]}, {'value': 'Leontief Prize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Global_Development_and_Environment_Institute', 'summary': 'The Global Development And Environment Institute ( GDAE , pronounced gee-day ) is a research center at Tufts University founded in 1993 . GDAE conducts research and develops teaching materials in economics and related areas that follow an interdisciplinary approach that emphasizes ecological , cultural , social , and institutional factors . The Institute has produced more than twenty books and numerous articles , policy documents , and discussion papers . These materials are being used in academic settings , to enhance the teaching of economics and related subjects , and in policy circles , where GDAE researchers are recognized leaders in their fields . Texts and educational modules developed at GDAE are now being distributed and managed through Boston Universitys Economics in Context Initiative . This carries forward the effort to develop a truly contextual economics - one that takes full account of humanitys social and physical environments . GDAEs current research and educational efforts are centered in three areas : Land , Energy , and Climate , Green Economics , and educational materials in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics . GDAE researchers present their research in a series of policy briefs , working papers , and at numerous conferences . Publications reflecting GDAEs earlier research in areas such as globalization , trade , and feminist economics are frequently cited and are available for download .'}]}, {'value': 'Wassily Leontief', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wassily_Leontief', 'summary': "Wassily Wassilyevich Leontief ( Russian : Василий Васильевич Леонтьев ; August 5 , 1905 - February 5 , 1999 ) , was a Russian-American economist known for his research on input-output analysis and how changes in one economic sector may affect other sectors . Leontief won the Nobel Committee 's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1973 , and four of his doctoral students have also been awarded the prize ( Paul Samuelson 1970 , Robert Solow 1987 , Vernon L. Smith 2002 , Thomas Schelling 2005 ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nancy Lieberman Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Lieberman_Award', 'summary': "The Nancy Lieberman Award , named for Basketball Hall of Fame legend Nancy Lieberman , was given annually by the Rotary Club of Detroit in the Award 's first 14 years to the nation 's top collegiate point guard in women 's Division I basketball . Sue Bird won the inaugural award in 2000 - her first of an unmatched three Lieberman Awards . No freshman ( first-year player ) has ever won the award , and only two players have won as sophomores ( second-year players ) - Bird in 2000 and Sabrina Ionescu in 2018 . The award is given to a player who exemplifies the floor leadership , play-making and ball-handling skills that personified Nancy Lieberman during her career . Originally , voting was performed exclusively by sportswriters . The announcement of the winner has coincided with the Final Four weekend , with an award ceremony the following Wednesday which was hosted by the Detroit Rotary Club at the Detroit Athletic Club through 2013 . Beginning with the 2014 award to Odyssey Sims of Baylor University , the Nancy Lieberman Award has been presented by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of the Final Four proceedings , and is now presented at the annual convention of the Women 's Basketball Coaches Association ( WBCA ) . The 2017-18 season started a new era for the award . Since that season , the WBCA has partnered with the Naismith Hall in the presentation of the award . The two bodies also incorporated the Lieberman Award into a new set of awards known as the Naismith Starting 5 , presented at the WBCA convention to players at each of the five traditional basketball positions . These awards parallel a previously existing set of men 's basketball positional awards also presented by the Hall . The other four are :"}]}, {'value': 'Nancy Lieberman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Lieberman', 'summary': "Nancy Elizabeth Lieberman ( born July 1 , 1958 ) , nicknamed Lady Magic , is a former professional basketball player and coach in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) who is currently a broadcaster for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as well as the head coach of Power , a team in the BIG3 which she led to its 2018 Championship . Lieberman is regarded as one of the greatest figures in American women 's basketball . In 2000 , she was inducted into the Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame . Lieberman is a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame , the Women 's Basketball Hall of Fame the St. Louis Jewish Sports Hall of Fame ( inducted in 2014 ) , and the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Outstanding point guard in U.S. women 's college basketball", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}, {'url': '/wiki/College_basketball', 'summary': "College basketball today is governed by collegiate athletic bodies including the United States 's National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) , the United States Collegiate Athletic Association ( USCAA ) , the National Junior College Athletic Association ( NJCAA ) , and the National Christian College Athletic Association ( NCCAA ) . Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) . Each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes . Each organization has different conferences to divide up the teams into groups . Teams are selected into these conferences depending on the location of the schools . These conferences are put in due to the regional play of the teams and to have a structural schedule for each to team to play for the upcoming year . During conference play the teams are ranked not only through the entire NCAA , but the conference as well in which they have tournament play leading into the NCAA tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Lincoln Prize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lincoln_Prize', 'summary': 'The Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize , endowed by Richard Gilder and Lewis Lehrman and administered by Gettysburg College , has been awarded annually since 1991 for the best non-fiction historical work of the year on the American Civil War . It is named for U.S. President Abraham Lincoln .'}]}, {'value': 'Abraham Lincoln', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln', 'summary': "Abraham Lincoln ( /ˈlɪŋkən/ ; February 12 , 1809 - April 15 , 1865 ) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States ( 1861-1865 ) . Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis in the American Civil War . He preserved the Union , abolished slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the U.S. economy . Lincoln was born in poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana . He was self-educated and became a lawyer , Whig Party leader , Illinois state legislator , and U.S . Congressman from Illinois . In 1849 he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act . He reentered politics in 1854 , becoming a leader in the new Republican Party and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas . Lincoln ran for President in 1860 , sweeping the North in victory . Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North 's rejection of their right to practice slavery , and southern states began seceding from the union . To secure its independence , the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter , a U.S. fort in the South , and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union . As the leader of moderate Republicans , Lincoln found his political opposition was manifold , and included Radical Republicans , War Democrats , Copperheads ( anti-war Democrats ) , and irreconcilable secessionists ."}]}, {'value': 'Literature', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finest scholarly work in English on Abraham Lincoln or the American Civil War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln', 'summary': "Abraham Lincoln ( /ˈlɪŋkən/ ; February 12 , 1809 - April 15 , 1865 ) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States ( 1861-1865 ) . Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis in the American Civil War . He preserved the Union , abolished slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the U.S. economy . Lincoln was born in poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana . He was self-educated and became a lawyer , Whig Party leader , Illinois state legislator , and U.S . Congressman from Illinois . In 1849 he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act . He reentered politics in 1854 , becoming a leader in the new Republican Party and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas . Lincoln ran for President in 1860 , sweeping the North in victory . Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North 's rejection of their right to practice slavery , and southern states began seceding from the union . To secure its independence , the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter , a U.S. fort in the South , and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union . As the leader of moderate Republicans , Lincoln found his political opposition was manifold , and included Radical Republicans , War Democrats , Copperheads ( anti-war Democrats ) , and irreconcilable secessionists ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Civil_War', 'summary': "The American Civil War ( also known by other names ) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865 , fought between the northern United States ( loyal to the Union ) and the southern United States ( that had seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy ) . [ e ] The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people . War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States . The loyalists of the Union in the North , which also included some geographically western and southern states , proclaimed support for the Constitution . They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South , who advocated for states ' rights in order to uphold slavery . Of the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states were declared by their state governments to have seceded from the country , and the Confederate States of America was organized in rebellion against the U.S. constitutional government . The Confederacy grew to control at least a majority of territory in eleven states , and it claimed the additional states of Kentucky and Missouri by assertions from native secessionists fleeing Union authority . These states were given full representation in the Confederate Congress throughout the Civil War . The two remaining slave states , Delaware and Maryland , were invited to join the Confederacy , but nothing substantial developed due to intervention by federal troops . The Confederate states were never diplomatically recognized as a joint entity by the government of the United States , nor by that of any foreign country . [ f ] The states that remained loyal to the U.S. were known as the Union . [ g ] The Union and the Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over the course of four years ."}]}, {'value': 'Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astrid_Lindgren_Memorial_Award', 'summary': "The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award ( Swedish : Litteraturpriset till Astrid Lindgrens minne ) is an international children 's literary award established by the Swedish government in 2002 to honour the Swedish children 's author Astrid Lindgren ( 1907-2002 ) . The prize is five million SEK , making it the richest award in children 's literature and one of the richest literary prizes in the world . The annual cost of 10 million SEK ( in 2008 ) is financed with tax money . The Lindgren Award annually recognises one or more living people and extant institutions ( twelve in the first ten years ) - people for their career contributions and institutions for their long-term sustainable work . Specifically they should be authors , illustrators , oral storytellers and promoters of reading whose work is of the highest quality , and in the spirit of Astrid Lindgren . The object of the award is to increase interest in childrens and young people 's literature , and to promote children 's rights to culture on a global level . The award is administered by the Swedish Arts Council funded solely by the central government . Officially it is called An award by the Swedish people to the world . The award recipients are chosen by a jury with broad expertise in international children 's and young adult literature , reading promotion and children 's rights . The 12 members include authors , literary critics and scholars , illustrators and librarians . One member represents Astrid Lindgren 's family . The annual cycle begins no later than December about 9 months before nominees are announced , 15 months before the winner is announced and 18 months before the presentation ."}]}, {'value': 'Astrid Lindgren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astrid_Lindgren', 'summary': "Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren née Ericsson ; 14 November 1907 - 28 January 2002 ) was a Swedish writer of fiction and screenplays . She is best known for several children 's book series , featuring Pippi Longstocking , Emil i Lönneberga , Karlsson-on-the-Roof , and the Six Bullerby Children ( Children of Noisy Village in the US ) , and for the children 's fantasy novels Mio , My Son , Ronia the Robber 's Daughter , and The Brothers Lionheart . Lindgren worked on the Children 's Literature Editorial Board at the Rabén & Sjögren publishing house in Stockholm and wrote more than 30 books for children . In January 2017 , she was calculated to be the world 's 18th most translated author , and the fourth most translated children 's writer after Enid Blyton , Hans Christian Andersen and the Brothers Grimm . Lindgren has so far sold roughly 165 million books worldwide . In 1994 , she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for her unique authorship dedicated to the rights of children and respect for their individuality ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ted Lindsay Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Lindsay_Award', 'summary': "The Ted Lindsay Award , formerly known as the Lester B. Pearson Award , is awarded annually to the National Hockey League 's most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the members of the NHL Players ' Association . First awarded in 1971 , it is a companion to the Hart Memorial Trophy , which is awarded to the League 's Most Valuable Player , as judged by members of the Professional Hockey Writers ' Association . The award was renamed in 2010 after Ted Lindsay of the Detroit Red Wings ."}]}, {'value': 'Ted Lindsay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Lindsay', 'summary': "Ted Lindsay ( born Robert Blake Theodore Lindsay ; July 29 , 1925 - March 4 , 2019 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played as a forward for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Lindsay scored over 800 points in his Hockey Hall of Fame career , won the Art Ross Trophy in 1950 , and won the Stanley Cup four times . Often referred to as Terrible Ted , Lindsay helped to organize the National Hockey League Players ' Association ( NHLPA ) in the late 1950s , an action which led to his trade to Chicago . In 2017 , Lindsay was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Ice hockey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Most outstanding player in the regular season of the National Hockey League , as chosen by the NHL Players Association . Known as the Lester B. Pearson Award from its inception in 1972 through 2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Hockey_League', 'summary': "The National Hockey League ( NHL ; French : Ligue nationale de hockey - LNH ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America , currently comprising 31 teams : 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada . The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world , and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . The Stanley Cup , the oldest professional sports trophy in North America , is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season . The National Hockey League was organized on November 26 , 1917 , at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization , the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) , which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew , Ontario . The NHL immediately took the NHA 's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and foldings left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926 . At its inception , the NHL had four teams - all in Canada , thus the adjective National in the league 's name . The league expanded to the United States in 1924 , when the Boston Bruins joined , and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams . From 1942 to 1967 , the league had only six teams , collectively ( if not contemporaneously ) nicknamed the Original Six . The NHL added six new teams to double its size at the 1967 NHL expansion . The league then increased to 18 teams by 1974 and 21 teams in 1979 . Between 1991 and 2000 , the NHL further expanded to 30 teams . It added its 31st team in 2017 and has approved the addition of a 32nd team in 2021 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/NHL_Players_Association', 'summary': 'NHLPA is the labour union for the group of professional hockey players who are under Standard Player Contracts to the 31 member clubs in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) located in the United States and Canada . The Association represents its membership in all matters dealing with their working conditions and contractual rights as well as serving as their exclusive collective bargaining agent .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson', 'summary': "Lester Bowles Mike Pearson PC OM CC OBE ( 23 April 1897 - 27 December 1972 ) was a Canadian scholar , statesman , soldier , prime minister , and diplomat , who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis . He was the 14th prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968 , as the head of two back-to-back Liberal minority governments following elections in 1963 and 1965 . During Pearson 's time as prime minister , his Liberal minority governments introduced universal health care , student loans , the Canada Pension Plan , the Order of Canada , and the Maple Leaf flag . His Liberal government also unified Canada 's armed forces . Pearson convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism , and he kept Canada out of the Vietnam War . In 1967 , his government passed Bill C-168 , which de facto abolished capital punishment in Canada by restricting it to a few capital offences for which it was never used , and which themselves were abolished in 1976 . With these accomplishments , together with his groundbreaking work at the United Nations and in international diplomacy , Pearson is generally considered among the most influential Canadians of the 20th century and is ranked among the greatest Canadian prime ministers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1971–72_NHL_season', 'summary': 'The 1971-72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League . Fourteen teams each played 78 games . The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2008–09_NHL_season', 'summary': "The 2008-09 NHL season was the 92nd season of operation ( 91st season of play ) of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It was the first season since prior to the 2004-05 lockout in which every team played each other at least once during the season , following three seasons where teams only played against two divisions in the other conference ( one division at home and one on the road ) . It began on October 4 , with the regular season ending on April 12 . The Stanley Cup playoffs ended on June 12 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins taking the championship . The Montreal Canadiens hosted the 57th NHL All-Star Game at the Bell Centre on January 25 , 2009 , as part of the Canadiens ' 100th season celebration ."}]}, {'value': 'John Lingenfelter Memorial Trophy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Car_and_Driver_Supercar_Challenge', 'summary': 'The Car and Driver Supercar Challenge is an annual event hosted by Car and Driver where the magazine gives its John Lingenfelter Memorial Trophy .'}]}, {'value': 'John Lingenfelter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Lingenfelter', 'summary': 'John Earl Lingenfelter ( October 6 , 1945 in East Freedom , Pennsylvania - December 25 , 2003 in Decatur , Indiana ) was an NHRA driver , engineer and tuner . Over his career , Lingenfelter won 13 career national event events in Competition Eliminator and was the first driver in the class to break the six-second quarter-mile barrier . He finished second in the Pro Stock Truck standings in 1998 , which was the first year of competition for the now defunct class . His Cavalier had an E.T . of 7.08 seconds . He was the founder of Lingenfelter Performance Engineering ( LPE for short ) in Decatur , Indiana . LPE is a shop specializing in the modification of GM vehicles such as the F-Bodies ( Camaro , Firebird ) , B Bodies ( Impala SS , Caprice , Roadmaster , Fleetwood ) , Corvette , CTS-V , GTO , Silverado , Suburban , Tahoe , Escalade , Denali , SSR , Hummer H2 , and Sierra . The shop also worked with tuning packages for the Dodge Viper and Plymouth Prowler . In the press , his tuned vehicles were reported to have as much civility as the stock vehicles upon which they were based in everyday driving . However , these vehicles were brutally fast . Motor Trend tested a Tahoe tuned by Lingenfelter and achieved a 5.1 second 0-60 time as well as a 0.95g lateral acceleration figure . These numbers match the performance figures of the C4 Corvette and GMC Syclones/Typhoons of that era .'}]}, {'value': 'Car racing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner of the annual Supercar/Superfour Challenge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linnean Medal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linnean_Medal', 'summary': "The Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London was established in 1888 , and is awarded annually to alternately a botanist or a zoologist or ( as has been common since 1958 ) to one of each in the same year . The medal was of gold until 1976 , and is for the preceding years often referred to as the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society , not to be confused with the official Linnean Gold Medal which is seldom awarded . The engraver of the medal was Charles Anderson Ferrier of Dundee , a Fellow of the Linnean Society from 1882 . On the obverse of the medal is the head of Linnaeus in profile and the words Carolus Linnaeus , on the reverse are the arms of the society and the legend Societas Linnaeana optime merenti ; an oval space is reserved for the recipient 's name ."}]}, {'value': 'Carl Linnaeus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus', 'summary': 'Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly .'}]}, {'value': 'Biology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awarded annually to two people for services to biology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Lipton_Trophy', 'summary': "The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was an association football competition that took place twice , in Turin , Italy , in 1909 and 1911 . It is regarded by some as The First World Cup . It is predated by the Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva , which was hosted in 1908 in Turin . Also seen as an international competition , but with the noted lack of an England team , Lipton in partnership with the Italian royal family , wanted to go one further and make a more complete tournament . Of course the actual World Cup features international teams from around the world , but the Lipton Cup , an invitational , only featured a few club sides from Europe . Italy , Germany and Switzerland sent their most prestigious club sides to the competition , but The Football Association of England refused to be associated with it and declined the offer to send a team . Not wishing to have England unrepresented in the competition , Lipton invited West Auckland FC , an amateur side from County Durham and mostly made up of coal miners , to take part . Some sources claim that this was as a result of an administrative error as the FA intended to send Woolwich Arsenal but West Auckland were invited instead as they shared the same initials . However , the most recent research shows that West Auckland were always the expected team . The latest book on the subject The Miners ' Triumph by Martin Connolly , gives the fullest account yet as to the West Auckland Victory and the players involved . West Auckland won the tournament and returned to Italy in 1911 to defend their title . In this second competition , West Auckland beat the then amateur team Juventus 6-1 in the final , and were awarded the trophy outright ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Lipton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Lipton', 'summary': "Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton , 1st Baronet , KCVO ( 10 May 1848 - 2 October 1931 ) was a Scotsman of Irish parentage who was a self-made man , merchant , and yachtsman . He engaged in extensive advertising for his chain of grocery stores and his brand of Lipton teas . He boasted that his secret for success was selling the best goods at the cheapest prices , harnessing the power of advertising , and always being optimistic . He was the most persistent challenger in the history of the America 's Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copa Lipton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copa_Lipton', 'summary': 'The Copa Lipton or Copa de Caridad Lipton was a football friendly competition contested between Argentina and Uruguay national teams . The competition was held 29 times between 1905 and 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Lipton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Lipton', 'summary': "Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton , 1st Baronet , KCVO ( 10 May 1848 - 2 October 1931 ) was a Scotsman of Irish parentage who was a self-made man , merchant , and yachtsman . He engaged in extensive advertising for his chain of grocery stores and his brand of Lipton teas . He boasted that his secret for success was selling the best goods at the cheapest prices , harnessing the power of advertising , and always being optimistic . He was the most persistent challenger in the history of the America 's Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'L', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_prizes_named_after_people_10', 'intro': 'This is a list of awards that are named after people.'}
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How many of those that won the award named after Mary Woodward Lasker have gone on to win Nobel prizes ?
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Eighty-six
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02ff53ed838004cc
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(Australian_season_12)', 'title': 'Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 12)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Best dancer ( s )', 'Best score', 'Worst dancer ( s )', 'Worst score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Johnny Ruffo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Ruffo', 'summary': 'John Patrick Ruffo ( born 8 March 1988 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter , dancer , actor and television presenter notable for being a finalist on the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011 . He placed third in the competition and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia . In 2012 , Ruffo won the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia . His debut single On Top , released in June 2012 , peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum . Ruffo starred in the Australian soap opera Home and Away as Chris Harrington for three years from 2013 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shannon Noll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shannon_Noll', 'summary': "Shannon Noll ( born 16 September 1975 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter who first came to prominence as runner-up of the first season of Australian Idol in 2003 , which led to him being signed to Sony BMG . He has released five top ten albums , including two number-one multi-platinum sellers . Noll 's first ten singles all peaked inside the ARIA top ten , including three that reached number one . He is the only Australian male artist in Australian chart history to have ten consecutive top ten singles . Noll 's debut single What About Me ? was certified 4× platinum and became the highest selling single of 2004 in Australia . With 17 platinum and three gold certifications and combined album and single sales of over 1.3 million in Australia , Noll has the third highest certification and sales level for an Australian Idol contestant . Noll has received six ARIA Music Award nominations , including Best Pop Release for his second album Lift , and has won five ARIA No . 1 Chart Awards . He also won the MTV Australia Video Music Award for Best Male Artist three years in succession between 2005 and 2007 . In 2010 Noll ended his contract with Sony , briefly signed with Universal Music Australia before signing with Warner Music Australia , to release his fifth studio album Unbroken in February 2018 . In January 2018 , he was revealed as a celebrity contestant on the fourth season of the Australian version of I 'm a Celebrity.Get Me Out of Here !"}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cha Cha Cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vogue Williams', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Watson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Watson', 'summary': 'Jessica Watson , OAM ( born 18 May 1993 ) is an Australian sailor who was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for completing a southern hemisphere solo circumnavigation at the age of 16 . Departing Sydney on 18 October 2009 , Watson headed north-east , crossing the equator in the Pacific Ocean before crossing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans . She returned to Sydney on 15 May 2010 , three days before her 17th birthday , though the voyage was ultimately shorter than the required 21,600 nautical miles to be considered a global circumnavigation . In recognition of her achievement Watson was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year , and the following year was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia . She currently resides in Buderim , Queensland .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Zoe Cramond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Mannix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Mannix', 'summary': "Brian Mannix ( born 7 October 1961 in Melbourne ) is an Australian rock music singer and actor . He was formerly the lead singer of 1980s band Uncanny X-Men , and in 2006 performed in the Countdown Spectacular and at the 2006 AFL Grand Final . Uncanny X-Men are known for their hits such as The Party , How Do You Get Your Kicks ? , 50 Years and Everybody Wants to Work . Mannix was also a regular on the ABC1 television quiz show Spicks and Specks where he usually played on Myf Warhurst 's team . Mannix appeared as a contestant on Channel 7 's series of Dancing with the Stars in its twelfth season during 2012 where he came fifth with professional dance partner Melanie Hooper . Mannix tours regularly with former Kids in the Kitchen lead singer , Scott Carne , and their Absolutely 80s ensemble , playing their hit songs from the 1980s era . In 2016 , Mannix was cast as Buddy , a leading role in the successful stage musical We Will Rock You based on the music of Queen and written by Ben Elton . The musical ran for six months straight from 30 April to 30 October 2016 , first at Sydney 's Lyric Theatre , followed by the Lyric Theatre at Brisbane 's QPAC , and the Regent Theatre in Melbourne , where it closed with a spectacular performance on Sunday , 30 October 2016 . On Friday , 28 October 2016 , it was announced that Mannix would rejoin with his Uncanny X-Men bandmates for the Rock In The Vines concert , to be held at the Sutton Grange Winery , near Bendigo , Victoria , on Friday , 27 January 2017 . On Tuesday , 29 November 2016 , Mannix announced he would be releasing a new single via iTunes . The song , Wo n't Be Home For Christmas was co-written by Steve Harrison , a co-founder of the Uncanny X-Men , about 20 years ago according to Mannix , and was mastered at The Beatles ' Abbey Road studios . It was released on iTunes on Friday , 9 December 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Zoe Cramond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Fevola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Fevola', 'summary': "Brendan Fevola ( born 20 January 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer . He played with the Carlton and Brisbane Lions football clubs in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Fevola is regarded as one of the most effective full-forwards to have played AFL in the 2000s , [ citation needed ] having won the Coleman Medal for league leading goalkicker in 2006 and 2009 ( kicking 84 and 86 goals respectively ) as well as All-Australian selection as a forward three times since 2006 . His representative honours include playing for Victoria where he was awarded the Allen Aylett Medal for being the state team 's best player and leading goalkicker . During his career at Carlton , he was the club 's leading goalkicker and key forward from 2003 until 2009 . However , throughout his career he has been a controversial figure off the field , which ultimately led to his parting company with both of his AFL clubs ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer Johnny Ruffo Zoe Cramond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Ruffo', 'summary': 'John Patrick Ruffo ( born 8 March 1988 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter , dancer , actor and television presenter notable for being a finalist on the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011 . He placed third in the competition and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia . In 2012 , Ruffo won the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia . His debut single On Top , released in June 2012 , peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum . Ruffo starred in the Australian soap opera Home and Away as Chris Harrington for three years from 2013 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Mannix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Mannix', 'summary': "Brian Mannix ( born 7 October 1961 in Melbourne ) is an Australian rock music singer and actor . He was formerly the lead singer of 1980s band Uncanny X-Men , and in 2006 performed in the Countdown Spectacular and at the 2006 AFL Grand Final . Uncanny X-Men are known for their hits such as The Party , How Do You Get Your Kicks ? , 50 Years and Everybody Wants to Work . Mannix was also a regular on the ABC1 television quiz show Spicks and Specks where he usually played on Myf Warhurst 's team . Mannix appeared as a contestant on Channel 7 's series of Dancing with the Stars in its twelfth season during 2012 where he came fifth with professional dance partner Melanie Hooper . Mannix tours regularly with former Kids in the Kitchen lead singer , Scott Carne , and their Absolutely 80s ensemble , playing their hit songs from the 1980s era . In 2016 , Mannix was cast as Buddy , a leading role in the successful stage musical We Will Rock You based on the music of Queen and written by Ben Elton . The musical ran for six months straight from 30 April to 30 October 2016 , first at Sydney 's Lyric Theatre , followed by the Lyric Theatre at Brisbane 's QPAC , and the Regent Theatre in Melbourne , where it closed with a spectacular performance on Sunday , 30 October 2016 . On Friday , 28 October 2016 , it was announced that Mannix would rejoin with his Uncanny X-Men bandmates for the Rock In The Vines concert , to be held at the Sutton Grange Winery , near Bendigo , Victoria , on Friday , 27 January 2017 . On Tuesday , 29 November 2016 , Mannix announced he would be releasing a new single via iTunes . The song , Wo n't Be Home For Christmas was co-written by Steve Harrison , a co-founder of the Uncanny X-Men , about 20 years ago according to Mannix , and was mastered at The Beatles ' Abbey Road studios . It was released on iTunes on Friday , 9 December 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz', 'summary': 'The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position .'}]}, {'value': 'Kerri-Anne Kennerley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerri-Anne_Kennerley', 'summary': "Kerri-Anne Kennerley ( née Wright ; born 22 September 1953 ) is an Australian television and radio presenter , actress and singer . Kennerley has more than 50 years in the industry , and is an inductee into the Logie Hall of Fame . Kennerley is currently a co-host on Network 10 's Studio 10 ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Watson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Watson', 'summary': 'Jessica Watson , OAM ( born 18 May 1993 ) is an Australian sailor who was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for completing a southern hemisphere solo circumnavigation at the age of 16 . Departing Sydney on 18 October 2009 , Watson headed north-east , crossing the equator in the Pacific Ocean before crossing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans . She returned to Sydney on 15 May 2010 , three days before her 17th birthday , though the voyage was ultimately shorter than the required 21,600 nautical miles to be considered a global circumnavigation . In recognition of her achievement Watson was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year , and the following year was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia . She currently resides in Buderim , Queensland .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso Doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_Doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Zoe Cramond Danielle Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Mannix Vogue Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Mannix', 'summary': "Brian Mannix ( born 7 October 1961 in Melbourne ) is an Australian rock music singer and actor . He was formerly the lead singer of 1980s band Uncanny X-Men , and in 2006 performed in the Countdown Spectacular and at the 2006 AFL Grand Final . Uncanny X-Men are known for their hits such as The Party , How Do You Get Your Kicks ? , 50 Years and Everybody Wants to Work . Mannix was also a regular on the ABC1 television quiz show Spicks and Specks where he usually played on Myf Warhurst 's team . Mannix appeared as a contestant on Channel 7 's series of Dancing with the Stars in its twelfth season during 2012 where he came fifth with professional dance partner Melanie Hooper . Mannix tours regularly with former Kids in the Kitchen lead singer , Scott Carne , and their Absolutely 80s ensemble , playing their hit songs from the 1980s era . In 2016 , Mannix was cast as Buddy , a leading role in the successful stage musical We Will Rock You based on the music of Queen and written by Ben Elton . The musical ran for six months straight from 30 April to 30 October 2016 , first at Sydney 's Lyric Theatre , followed by the Lyric Theatre at Brisbane 's QPAC , and the Regent Theatre in Melbourne , where it closed with a spectacular performance on Sunday , 30 October 2016 . On Friday , 28 October 2016 , it was announced that Mannix would rejoin with his Uncanny X-Men bandmates for the Rock In The Vines concert , to be held at the Sutton Grange Winery , near Bendigo , Victoria , on Friday , 27 January 2017 . On Tuesday , 29 November 2016 , Mannix announced he would be releasing a new single via iTunes . The song , Wo n't Be Home For Christmas was co-written by Steve Harrison , a co-founder of the Uncanny X-Men , about 20 years ago according to Mannix , and was mastered at The Beatles ' Abbey Road studios . It was released on iTunes on Friday , 9 December 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Zoe Cramond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Watson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Watson', 'summary': 'Jessica Watson , OAM ( born 18 May 1993 ) is an Australian sailor who was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for completing a southern hemisphere solo circumnavigation at the age of 16 . Departing Sydney on 18 October 2009 , Watson headed north-east , crossing the equator in the Pacific Ocean before crossing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans . She returned to Sydney on 15 May 2010 , three days before her 17th birthday , though the voyage was ultimately shorter than the required 21,600 nautical miles to be considered a global circumnavigation . In recognition of her achievement Watson was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year , and the following year was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia . She currently resides in Buderim , Queensland .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Zoe Cramond', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caine Eckstein Brendan Fevola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Fevola', 'summary': "Brendan Fevola ( born 20 January 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer . He played with the Carlton and Brisbane Lions football clubs in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Fevola is regarded as one of the most effective full-forwards to have played AFL in the 2000s , [ citation needed ] having won the Coleman Medal for league leading goalkicker in 2006 and 2009 ( kicking 84 and 86 goals respectively ) as well as All-Australian selection as a forward three times since 2006 . His representative honours include playing for Victoria where he was awarded the Allen Aylett Medal for being the state team 's best player and leading goalkicker . During his career at Carlton , he was the club 's leading goalkicker and key forward from 2003 until 2009 . However , throughout his career he has been a controversial figure off the field , which ultimately led to his parting company with both of his AFL clubs ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_Tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer Brendan Fevola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Fevola', 'summary': "Brendan Fevola ( born 20 January 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer . He played with the Carlton and Brisbane Lions football clubs in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Fevola is regarded as one of the most effective full-forwards to have played AFL in the 2000s , [ citation needed ] having won the Coleman Medal for league leading goalkicker in 2006 and 2009 ( kicking 84 and 86 goals respectively ) as well as All-Australian selection as a forward three times since 2006 . His representative honours include playing for Victoria where he was awarded the Allen Aylett Medal for being the state team 's best player and leading goalkicker . During his career at Carlton , he was the club 's leading goalkicker and key forward from 2003 until 2009 . However , throughout his career he has been a controversial figure off the field , which ultimately led to his parting company with both of his AFL clubs ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Ruffo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Ruffo', 'summary': 'John Patrick Ruffo ( born 8 March 1988 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter , dancer , actor and television presenter notable for being a finalist on the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011 . He placed third in the competition and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia . In 2012 , Ruffo won the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia . His debut single On Top , released in June 2012 , peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum . Ruffo starred in the Australian soap opera Home and Away as Chris Harrington for three years from 2013 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_(dance)', 'summary': 'Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps .'}]}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Watson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Watson', 'summary': 'Jessica Watson , OAM ( born 18 May 1993 ) is an Australian sailor who was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for completing a southern hemisphere solo circumnavigation at the age of 16 . Departing Sydney on 18 October 2009 , Watson headed north-east , crossing the equator in the Pacific Ocean before crossing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans . She returned to Sydney on 15 May 2010 , three days before her 17th birthday , though the voyage was ultimately shorter than the required 21,600 nautical miles to be considered a global circumnavigation . In recognition of her achievement Watson was named the 2011 Young Australian of the Year , and the following year was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia . She currently resides in Buderim , Queensland .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freestyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Street_dance', 'summary': 'A street dance is a dance style that evolved outside dance studios in any available open space such as streets , dance parties , block parties , parks , school yards , raves , and nightclubs . A street dance is a vernacular dance in an urban context . Vernacular dances are often improvisational and social in nature , encouraging interaction and contact with spectators and other dancers . These dances are a part of the vernacular culture of the geographical area that they come from . Examples of street dance include b-boying ( or breakdancing ) , which originated in New York City . Clogging is a very early form of street dance , since it evolved in the streets and factories of Northern England in the mid-19th century . Various street dances have lent themselves to the style of urban dance , which arose from the collegiate dance scene . Urban dance is choreography-oriented but is inspired by different street dance styles and fundamental moves , such as house , locking , and popping . Urban dance should not be mistaken with hip hop , the culture and art movement that began in the Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Johnny Ruffo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Ruffo', 'summary': 'John Patrick Ruffo ( born 8 March 1988 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter , dancer , actor and television presenter notable for being a finalist on the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011 . He placed third in the competition and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia . In 2012 , Ruffo won the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia . His debut single On Top , released in June 2012 , peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum . Ruffo starred in the Australian soap opera Home and Away as Chris Harrington for three years from 2013 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danielle Spencer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danielle_Spencer_(Australian_actress)', 'summary': 'Danielle Spencer ( born 16 May 1969 ) is an Australian actress , singer and songwriter .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' marks are as follows :", 'uid': 'Dancing_with_the_Stars_(Australian_season_12)_3', 'intro': 'The twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars premiered on April 15, 2012, at the 6:30pm time slot on Channel Seven. With previous co-host Sonia Kruger defecting to Channel Nine, former Spice Girl and American Dancing with the Stars season 5 runner up Mel B was hired as her replacement. Daniel MacPherson continues his role as main host of the show, along with judges Todd McKenney, Helen Richey, and Joshua Horner.'}
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What year was the best dancer of the foxtrot during season 12 of Australian Dancing with the Stars a finalist on X Factor Australia ?
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2011
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_AFL_draft', 'title': '2009 AFL draft', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Recruited from', 'League', 'Club'], 'data': [{'value': 'Priority', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Scully', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Scully', 'summary': 'Tom Scully ( born 15 May 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Hawthorn Football Club . He previously played for the Melbourne Football Club and Greater Western Sydney Giants . A star midfielder at junior level , Scully was originally selected by Melbourne with the first overall draft pick of the 2009 AFL draft . However at the conclusion of his initial two-year contract with Melbourne , he accepted the opportunity to join the newly established GWS Giants in 2012 on a six year deal . In October 2018 , Scully was traded to Hawthorn for the 2019 season . He attended school first at Berwick College and then Haileybury College .'}]}, {'value': 'Dandenong Stingrays', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dandenong_Stingrays', 'summary': 'The Dandenong Stingrays are an Australian rules football team in a Victorian under 18s league called the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition . 1992 saw the birth of the Southern Stingrays and they were developed under the leadership of Steve Kennedy ( Regional Manager ) and Ron Roach ( Promotions Manager ) with the home base located at the Ben Kavanagh Reserve , Mordialloc . The side is coached in the inaugural year by Peter Russo . In 1995 the club moved from Mordialloc to Dandenong and it also changed its name to the Dandenong Southern Stingrays . The club is currently under the leadership of Darren Flanigan ( Region Talent Manager ) and Matthew Crozier ( Female Talent Coordinator ) with the home base located at Shepley Oval , Dandenong . The side is coached by Nick Cox .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Trengove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Trengove', 'summary': 'Jack Trengove ( born 2 September 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer who most recently played for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . A midfielder , 1.86 metres ( 6 ft 1 in ) tall and weighing 88 kilograms ( 194 lb ) , Trengove is capable of contributing as both an inside and outside midfielder . After growing up in Naracoorte , South Australia , he moved to Adelaide to attend Prince Alfred College and played in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) with the Sturt Football Club , in which he played in the 2009 SANFL Grand Final . He represented South Australia in the 2009 AFL Under 18 Championships , in which he captained the side , received All-Australian honours and won the state most valuable player . His achievements as a junior saw him considered as the potential number one draft pick in the 2009 AFL draft alongside Tom Scully , he was ultimately recruited by the Melbourne Football Club with the second selection in the draft . Trengove made his AFL debut during the 2010 season and earned an AFL Rising Star nomination , in which he finished fourth overall . After his first two seasons in the AFL where he represented Australia in the International Rules Series and finished in the top five of the club best and fairest , he was named the co-captain of the club alongside Jack Grimes in 2012 . His first match as captain saw him become the youngest captain in VFL/AFL history ; he retained the captaincy for two seasons before he relinquished the role at the end of the 2013 season to focus on his playing form . His next two seasons were hampered by a navicular bone injury , which saw him play just seven AFL matches from the start of the 2014 season to the end of the 2017 season . He was delisted by Melbourne at the end of the 2017 season before signing with Port Adelaide as a free agent during the 2017 trade period .'}]}, {'value': 'Sturt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sturt_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Sturt Football Club , nicknamed The Double Blues , is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Unley , South Australia , which plays in the South Australian National Football League . Founded in 1901 by the Sturt Cricket Club , the club initially struggled to make the finals , however , in 1915 they won their first Premiership . After several decades of substantial finals appearances and a few premiership wins , Sturt entered a period of success , winning seven premierships from 1966 to 1976 under coach Jack Oatey . Sturt has a total of 15 premierships , eleven Magarey Medallists and two Night Premierships . Sturt wear Oxford and Cambridge Blue reflecting the street names on which their home ground is based . Sturt play their home games at the 15,000 capacity Unley Oval and their club song is named It 's a grand old flag ."}]}, {'value': 'SANFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dustin Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dustin_Martin', 'summary': "Dustin Martin ( born 26 June 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Martin was drafted by Richmond with the third pick in the 2009 national draft , and made his AFL debut in the opening round of the 2010 season . He was nominated for the 2010 AFL Rising Star award , but was ineligible to win due to suspension . Martin won the Jack Dyer Medal as Richmond 's best and fairest player in 2016 , along with his first All-Australian selection . To date , Martin has won two premierships , two Jack Dyer Medals and three All-Australian selections among other individual accolades , and has also won several major best-on-ground awards . In both of his premiership years , he won both the Norm Smith Medal as best afield in the grand final ( Martin is one of only four players to win the award twice ) and the Gary Ayres Award as the player of the finals series . In 2017 , Martin had what was described by AFL legend Leigh Matthews as the greatest ever individual season by a VFL/AFL player . Despite constant speculation over his playing future , Martin won the league 's highest individual honour , the Brownlow Medal , with a record 36 votes , as well as a premiership and the Norm Smith Medal , becoming the first player to win all three in a single season . He also won numerous other accolades , including the Leigh Matthews Trophy , the AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award and his second Jack Dyer Medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Bendigo Pioneers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bendigo_Pioneers', 'summary': 'The Bendigo Pioneers is an Australian rules football team in the statewide Victorian under-18s league , the NAB League .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Morabito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Morabito', 'summary': 'Anthony Morabito ( born 29 October 1991 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was delisted in 2016 after multiple knee reconstructions and several other injuries .'}]}, {'value': 'Peel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peel_Thunder', 'summary': "The Peel Thunder Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team is based in Mandurah , Western Australia , with their home ground being Rushton Park . The club joined the WAFL as an expansion team in 1997 . Since the 2014 season , Peel has served as the host club in the WAFL for the Fremantle Dockers of the Australian Football League , an arrangement which sees Fremantle 's reserve players playing for Peel ."}]}, {'value': 'WAFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Cunnington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Cunnington_(Australian_footballer)', 'summary': 'Ben Cunnington ( born , on and around a dairy farm 30 June 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Cunnington was drafted to North Melbourne with the 5th selection in the 2009 AFL Draft . Cunnington plays predominantly as an inside midfielder , and he can play in the forward line to accommodate the midfield rotations .'}]}, {'value': 'Geelong Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Falcons', 'summary': "The Geelong Falcons is a youth Australian rules football representative club in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition , Victoria , Australia . The club takes in talented junior players from the Geelong , Colac and Warrnambool regions in order to prepare them for AFL selection . There is an under-15 vline cup side and an under-16 side , but the club 's main focus is its under-18 side , who play a longer season . In 2007 , Jimmy Bartel became the first ex-Falcon to win the AFL Brownlow Medal , for the league 's best and fairest player , while Jonathan Brown became the first ex-Falcon to win the Coleman Medal for the most goals in the season . Gary Ablett Jnr also became the first ex-Falcon to win the Leigh Matthews Trophy , for being voted the Most Valuable Player by the AFL Players Association . Hawthorn half-back Luke Hodge became the first Falcon to win the Norm Smith Medal for his best on ground performance in the 2008 Grand Final against the Geelong Cats . Nick Maxwell became the first Geelong Falcons player to captain a premiership team when he led Collingwood to the 2010 AFL Premiership ."}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'North Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The North Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Kangaroos or less formally the Roos , the Kangas or North , is an Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in North Melbourne , Victoria in 1869 , it is based at its traditional home ground , Arden Street Oval , and currently plays its home matches at both the nearby Docklands Stadium and Blundstone Arena in Hobart , Tasmania . The club 's mascot is a grey kangaroo donning the club uniform , and its use dates from the mid-20th century . The club is also unofficially known as The Shinboners , a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins . The club 's motto is Victoria amat curam , Latin for Victory Demands Dedication . Aside from their representation in the AFL , the Kangaroos also field teams in the following competitions ; AFL Women 's , VFL Women 's and Victorian Football League ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Rohan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Rohan', 'summary': 'Gary Rohan ( born 7 June 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Rohan is known for his pace and the ability to break lines with his dash out of defense . He started his career playing at half-back but then soon moved forward because of his pace . Unfortunately , he has had an injury-riddled career to this point .'}]}, {'value': 'Geelong Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Falcons', 'summary': "The Geelong Falcons is a youth Australian rules football representative club in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition , Victoria , Australia . The club takes in talented junior players from the Geelong , Colac and Warrnambool regions in order to prepare them for AFL selection . There is an under-15 vline cup side and an under-16 side , but the club 's main focus is its under-18 side , who play a longer season . In 2007 , Jimmy Bartel became the first ex-Falcon to win the AFL Brownlow Medal , for the league 's best and fairest player , while Jonathan Brown became the first ex-Falcon to win the Coleman Medal for the most goals in the season . Gary Ablett Jnr also became the first ex-Falcon to win the Leigh Matthews Trophy , for being voted the Most Valuable Player by the AFL Players Association . Hawthorn half-back Luke Hodge became the first Falcon to win the Norm Smith Medal for his best on ground performance in the 2008 Grand Final against the Geelong Cats . Nick Maxwell became the first Geelong Falcons player to captain a premiership team when he led Collingwood to the 2010 AFL Premiership ."}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Swans', 'summary': "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Sheppard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Sheppard', 'summary': 'Bradley Sheppard ( born 23 May 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was selected as a first round pick ( number 7 overall ) in the 2009 National Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'East Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Sharks , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team 's home ground is East Fremantle Oval . East Fremantle are the most successful club in WAFL history , winning 29 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898 ."}]}, {'value': 'WAFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'West Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles', 'summary': "The West Coast Eagles Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Perth , Western Australia , and plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The West Coast Eagles was founded in 1986 as an expansion team . It entered the AFL , then known as the Victorian Football League , in 1987 along with Queensland 's Brisbane Bears . It reached the finals series for the first time in 1988 , and won its first premiership in 1992 , having been defeated in the grand final the previous year . It was the first non-Victorian team to compete in and win a grand final . The Eagles have since won three more premierships , in 1994 , 2006 and 2018 . The club is currently coached by Adam Simpson . The Eagles have won the second most premierships ( four , second to Hawthorn ) in the AFL era ( 1990 onwards ) and are one of the most strongly supported and profitable clubs in the league . As well as competing in the AFL , West Coast also field teams in the AFL Women 's ( AFLW ) and West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Butcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Butcher_(Australian_footballer)', 'summary': "John Butcher ( born 3 July 1991 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was the earliest of the three Port Adelaide players drafted in the first round in the 2009 AFL Draft ( he went at pick # 8 ) . Butcher 's younger brother Danny was drafted to Port Adelaide as part of the Rookie Draft in 2011 at pick 21 . Originally from Maffra , Victoria , Butcher is a versatile key position prospect with great agility and pace for his size . Butcher is an excellent contested mark and has been noted for his clean hands . He was extremely impressive at the AFL Draft Camp with his speed ( 2.99 sec over 20 m ) and repeat sprints ( 24.88 sec ) being in the top 28 per cent of all players . He kicked 40 goals for the year for Gippsland Power and Vic Country in 16 games . He was a Vic Country Under 18 representative in both 2008 and 2009 , including kicking three goals against Vic Metro in 2009 . Butcher is also an AIS-AFL Academy graduate . He was widely tipped to be the first key-position player to be selected in the 2009 draft . Due to injuries and the time needed to develop key position players , Butcher did n't debut until Round 21 of 2011 , when Port Adelaide were defeated by Hawthorn by a club-record 165 points . To date it remains the worst defeat suffered by any player in his debut match in VFL/AFL history ."}]}, {'value': 'Gippsland Power', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gippsland_Power', 'summary': 'The Gippsland Power is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Moore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Moore_(Australian_footballer)', 'summary': "Andrew Moore ( born 30 May 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who currently plays for the Box Hill Hawks in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . He previously played for Port Adelaide Football Club and Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Moore was one of three Port Adelaide players drafted in the first round in the 2009 AFL Draft , at selection nine . He is a versatile midfielder/forward who is very capable overhead . He wins a lot of his own footy consistently and makes good decisions . A Vic Metro representative in 2009 , he topped the running vertical jump with 85 cm at Draft Camp and also impressively scored 2.97 seconds for the 20m sprint and 14.1 in the beep test . He averaged 20 disposals at 74 percent efficiency for the Eastern Ranges in the TAC Cup in 2009 . He attended Yarra Valley Grammar School , completing year 12 in 2009 . He is the younger brother of Richmond 's Kelvin Moore . Moore debuted in the opening round of the 2010 AFL season with four marks and 14 disposals against North Melbourne at AAMI Stadium . In October 2015 , Moore was delisted by Port Adelaide . He was recruited by Richmond as a delisted free agent in November ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Ranges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Ranges', 'summary': 'The Eastern Ranges is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition . The club is a founding member of the competition ( 1992 ) and has produced several players for the Australian Football League including Kade Simpson , Rory Sloane , Nick Malceski , David Wirrpanda , Jess Sinclair , Damian Cupido , Lindsay Gilbee , Travis Cloke , Chris Scott , Brad Scott , Matthew Bate , Jonathon Patton , Chris Knights , Jaidyn Stephenson and Hayden Crozier .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jake Melksham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jake_Melksham', 'summary': "Jake Melksham ( born 29 August 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . A midfielder , 1.86 metres ( 6 ft 1 in ) tall and weighing 83 kilograms ( 183 lb ) , Melksham also has the ability to play as a defender , primarily as a half-back flanker . Growing up in Glenroy , Victoria , he played top-level football early when he joined the Calder Cannons ' under 18 side in the TAC Cup at the age of sixteen . He spent three years playing for the Calder Cannons , winning a premiership in his final junior year . His achievements as a junior include state representation and the TAC Medal as the best player on the ground in the TAC Cup Grand Final . Melksham 's late surge in his draft year saw him recruited by the Essendon Football Club with the tenth selection in the 2009 AFL draft . He made his AFL debut in the 2010 season and was rewarded with an AFL Rising Star nomination . He spent six seasons with Essendon , which peaked with a fifth-place finish in the best and fairest , and after 114 games with the club , he was traded to the Melbourne Football Club during the 2015 trade period . Before he could play his first match with Melbourne , he was suspended for the 2016 season for his involvement in the Essendon Football Club supplements saga ."}]}, {'value': 'Calder Cannons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calder_Cannons', 'summary': 'The Calder Cannons is an Australian rules football club from Melbourne , Australia . The club competes in the NAB League , the Victorian Statewide Under-18s competition , and fields squads in the Under-15s , Under-16s and Under-18s . The club was formed in 1995 after the need for two more metropolitan clubs . The geographic catchment area for the club is the north western suburbs of Melbourne extending to cover the Macedon Ranges area .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Essendon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Essendon Football Club , nicknamed the Bombers , is a professional Australian rules football club that plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Thought to have formed in 1872 , the club played its first recorded game on 7 June 1873 against a Carlton Second 20 , winning 1 goal to nil . The club played a senior club in the Victorian Football Association in 1878 , one year after the VFA formed . It is historically associated with Essendon , a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne , Victoria . Since 2013 , the club has been headquartered at The Hangar , Melbourne Airport , and plays its home games at either Docklands Stadium or the Melbourne Cricket Ground ; throughout most of its history the club 's home ground and headquarters was Windy Hill , Essendon , where it played from 1922 until 1991 . While it stopped playing games at the ground thereafter , Windy Hill remained its training and administration base until the end of 2013 . Dyson Heppell is the current team captain . A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association , in 1877 , and the Victorian Football League ( renamed the AFL in 1990 ) , in 1896 , Essendon is one of Australia 's best-known football clubs . Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships , which , along with Carlton , is the most of any club in the competition . The club won four consecutive VFA premierships between 1891 and 1894 , a feat matched only by Collingwood between 1927 and 1930 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Gysberts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Gysberts', 'summary': 'Jordan Gysberts ( born 11 June 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who previously played for the Melbourne Football Club and the North Melbourne Football Club in Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Ranges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Ranges', 'summary': 'The Eastern Ranges is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition . The club is a founding member of the competition ( 1992 ) and has produced several players for the Australian Football League including Kade Simpson , Rory Sloane , Nick Malceski , David Wirrpanda , Jess Sinclair , Damian Cupido , Lindsay Gilbee , Travis Cloke , Chris Scott , Brad Scott , Matthew Bate , Jonathon Patton , Chris Knights , Jaidyn Stephenson and Hayden Crozier .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kane Lucas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kane_Lucas', 'summary': "Kane Lucas is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was listed with the West Coast Eagles for the 2015 and 2016 seasons , but failed to play a senior match . Lucas , the son of Jack Lucas who played for the Sydney Swans in the 1980s , played during his junior years at Trinity College in Western Australia and played most of his club football for Melville Hawks Junior Football Club , with a few years at Winnacott Junior Football Club , before playing Colts and senior football with the East Fremantle Football Club , playing twelve senior games during 2009 as a 17/18 year old . He represented Western Australia in its victorious 2009 AFL National Under 18 Championship campaign , earning a position as half-forward flank in the 2009 AFL Under 18s All Australian team . He nominated for the 2009 AFL National Draft , and was recruited by the Carlton Football Club with its first round selection at number 12 overall . Lucas made his AFL debut in Round 3 , 2010 against Essendon . He was hampered by a hamstring injury throughout his first season , which kept him to only eight games , but he was the winner of the Carlton Best First Year Player award . He struggled with injuries and form in 2011 , playing only 2 games ; but , in a small part of football history , Lucas was the first player ever to be substituted onto the ground under the AFL 's revised interchange rules in Round 1 , 2011 , replacing the concussed Jarrad Waite in the season 's opening match against Richmond . Lucas was delisted by Carlton at the conclusion of the 2014 AFL season . He was redrafted onto the rookie list by the West Coast Eagles in 2015 , but in two years with the club was unable to break into the Eagles ' senior side , and he was delisted at the conclusion of the 2016 season without playing a senior game for West Coast ."}]}, {'value': 'East Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Sharks , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team 's home ground is East Fremantle Oval . East Fremantle are the most successful club in WAFL history , winning 29 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898 ."}]}, {'value': 'WAFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'Carlton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Carlton Football Club , nicknamed the Blues , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria . Founded in 1864 in Carlton , an inner suburb of Melbourne , the club competes in the Australian Football League ( formerly the Victorian Football League ) , and was one of the competition 's eight founding member clubs in 1896 . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Carlton at Princes Park , its traditional home ground , and it currently plays its home matches at either Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) or the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Carlton has historically been one of the AFL 's most successful clubs , having won sixteen senior VFL/AFL premierships , equal with Essendon as the most of any club ; prior to this , it won six senior premierships , including two in the Victorian Football Association . The club has also fielded a team in the AFL Women 's league since its establishment in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Talia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Talia', 'summary': "Daniel Talia ( born 2 October 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules football player who plays for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was drafted with selection 13 in the 2009 National Draft from the Calder Cannons . In 2012 he won the AFL Rising Star award as the best young player in the league . Talia is the great-grandson of former Footscray player Arthur Stevens , and the grandson of Harvey Stevens who played in Footscray 's 1954 VFL Grand Final victory . His younger brother , Michael Talia , played for the Western Bulldogs before being traded to the Sydney Swans after the 2015 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Calder Cannons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calder_Cannons', 'summary': 'The Calder Cannons is an Australian rules football club from Melbourne , Australia . The club competes in the NAB League , the Victorian Statewide Under-18s competition , and fields squads in the Under-15s , Under-16s and Under-18s . The club was formed in 1995 after the need for two more metropolitan clubs . The geographic catchment area for the club is the north western suburbs of Melbourne extending to cover the Macedon Ranges area .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lewis Jetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_Jetta', 'summary': 'Lewis Jetta ( born 4 May 1989 ) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He is an Indigenous Australian .'}]}, {'value': 'Swan Districts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swan_Districts_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Swan Districts Football Club , nicknamed the Swans , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The club is based at Bassendean Oval , in Bassendean , an eastern suburb of Perth , Western Australia . The club was formed in 1932 , and joined the then-Western Australian National Football League ( WANFL ) in 1934 , acting as a successor to the Midland Junction Football Club , which had disbanded during World War I , in the Perth Hills region ."}]}, {'value': 'WAFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Swans', 'summary': "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Howard_(Australian_footballer)', 'summary': "Christian Howard ( born 19 March 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League . Originally from Adelaide , South Australia , Howard was drafted to the Bulldogs from the Glenelg Football Club in the SANFL with their first selection , the 15th overall in the 2009 AFL Draft . Howard was a surprise selection for the Bulldogs in the draft , with many predicting he would not be drafted until at least the third round . Seen as a potential long-term replacement for Lindsay Gilbee , Howard missed a large part of his first season with a hip injury and could not force his way into the senior lineup . Howard made his senior debut for the Western Bulldogs in round 10 on Sunday , 29 May 2011 , he played well picking up 11 possessions in the side 's 29-point loss to Hawthorn . Howard was delisted at the conclusion of the 2014 AFL season ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenelg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenelg_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Glenelg Football Club is an Australian rules football team , which plays in the South Australian National Football League . The club is known as the Tigers ( or the Bays ) , and their home ground is ACH Group Stadium ( formerly Glenelg Oval ) , located in the southern coastal suburb of Glenelg East , South Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'SANFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Bulldogs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Bulldogs', 'summary': "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jasper McMillan-Pittard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jasper_Pittard', 'summary': "Jasper Pittard ( born 1 April 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer currently playing for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was one of 3 Port Adelaide players drafted in the first round in the 2009 AFL Draft . Jasper is a former Fitzroy and Flemington Juniors footballer . He is an athletic and versatile player whose kicking skills and ability to read the play can hurt the opposition . The left-footer can also provide plenty of run from defence . A Vic Country U18 representative in 2009 , he scored 10.40 mins for the 3 km at Draft Camp , but was unable to do speed work as he was recovering from injury . He was rated by the AFL clubs as the best interviewee at the camp . He averaged 18 disposals in 13 matches for the Falcons with an efficiency rate of 71 per cent . He also played senior football for Torquay Football Club in the Bellarine Football League in 2008 . In early 2010 , Pittard decided to shorten his surname by dropping McMillan for simplicity . Pittard debuted for the Power in the opening round of the 2010 NAB cup alongside seven other rookie players . Although he did n't stand out as much as some of the other debutantes , he contributed with 3 kicks and 3 handballs ."}]}, {'value': 'Geelong Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Falcons', 'summary': "The Geelong Falcons is a youth Australian rules football representative club in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition , Victoria , Australia . The club takes in talented junior players from the Geelong , Colac and Warrnambool regions in order to prepare them for AFL selection . There is an under-15 vline cup side and an under-16 side , but the club 's main focus is its under-18 side , who play a longer season . In 2007 , Jimmy Bartel became the first ex-Falcon to win the AFL Brownlow Medal , for the league 's best and fairest player , while Jonathan Brown became the first ex-Falcon to win the Coleman Medal for the most goals in the season . Gary Ablett Jnr also became the first ex-Falcon to win the Leigh Matthews Trophy , for being voted the Most Valuable Player by the AFL Players Association . Hawthorn half-back Luke Hodge became the first Falcon to win the Norm Smith Medal for his best on ground performance in the 2008 Grand Final against the Geelong Cats . Nick Maxwell became the first Geelong Falcons player to captain a premiership team when he led Collingwood to the 2010 AFL Premiership ."}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Menzel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Menzel', 'summary': 'Daniel Menzel ( born 13 September 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Brother to fellow footballer Troy Menzel .'}]}, {'value': 'Central District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_District_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Central District Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in the city of Elizabeth about 25 km to the north of Adelaide , South Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'SANFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Geelong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke Tapscott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_Tapscott', 'summary': "Luke Tapscott ( born 28 June 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Tapscott started his football for Northern Areas Football Association club Orroroo before moving to Adelaide to attend Prince Alfred College and play football for North Adelaide Football Club . One of Tapscott 's Prince Alfred friends was Jack Trengove , who later became his team mate at Melbourne . He excelled through the ranks as a tough , built , young forward/midfielder with an exceptional penetrating kick , on both the left and right foot . After twice representing South Australia at the AFL Under 18 Championships and being named in the All Australian team , he was picked as the 18th overall pick in the 2009 AFL Draft , by the Melbourne Football Club . At the time he was compared to 2009 AFL Rising Star winner Daniel Rich . After injuring his hip in the 2010 pre-season , Tapscott missed most of the season and was unable to break into Melbourne 's senior side when he did return , instead playing for Melbourne 's VFL-affiliate Casey , before injuring his shoulder at the end of 2010 . After an impressive 2011 pre-season , Tapscott made his AFL debut in Round One that year . Playing in a draw against Sydney , Tapscott played a tremendous match , gathering 19 disposals and narrowly missing out on being the AFL Rising Star nominee for round one to Essendon 's Dyson Heppell , who would eventually claim the award at the end of the season . Tapscott was delisted at the conclusion of the 2014 AFL season ."}]}, {'value': 'North Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "North Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed The Roosters , is an Australian rules football club affiliated with the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The club plays its home games at Prospect Oval , located in Prospect , a northern suburb of Adelaide . The club was formed in 1888 as the Medindie Football Club , changing its name to North Adelaide in 1893 . North Adelaide 's first premiership was won in 1900 , and the club has won a total of fourteen senior premierships in the SANFL , most recently in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'SANFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benjamin Griffiths', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_Griffiths', 'summary': 'Ben Griffiths ( born 17 September 1991 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Ranges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Ranges', 'summary': 'The Eastern Ranges is an Australian rules football team in the NAB League , the Victorian statewide under-18s competition . The club is a founding member of the competition ( 1992 ) and has produced several players for the Australian Football League including Kade Simpson , Rory Sloane , Nick Malceski , David Wirrpanda , Jess Sinclair , Damian Cupido , Lindsay Gilbee , Travis Cloke , Chris Scott , Brad Scott , Matthew Bate , Jonathon Patton , Chris Knights , Jaidyn Stephenson and Hayden Crozier .'}]}, {'value': 'TAC Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAC_Cup', 'summary': 'The NAB League ( formerly known as the TAC Cup ) is an under-19 Australian rules football representative competition held in Victoria , Australia . It is based on geographic regions throughout country Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne with each team representing twelve Victorian regions , while a thirteenth team from Tasmania was reintroduced in 2019 . The competition is sponsored by National Australia Bank , having previously been sponsored by the Transport Accident Commission since its inception . The competition is one of the primary sources of recruitment for AFL clubs from Victoria . The TAC Cup provides an opportunity for talented regional players to participate in a high standard competition without having to relocate too far from their place of origin . The competition has a very successful pathway with players missing AFL selection often being recruited by semi-professional state , country and regional leagues throughout Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathan Fyfe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Fyfe', 'summary': 'Nathan Fyfe ( born 18 September 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He received a nomination for the 2010 AFL Rising Star award in round 9 of the 2010 season . Fyfe is a dual Brownlow Medallist , dual Leigh Matthews Trophy recipient , three-time All-Australian ( including as captain in the 2019 team ) and three-time Doig Medallist . He has served as Fremantle captain since the 2017 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Claremont', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claremont_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Claremont Football Club , nicknamed Tigers , is an Australian rules football club based in Claremont , Western Australia , that currently plays in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . Its official colours are navy blue and gold . Formed as the Cottesloe Beach Football Club in 1906 , the club entering the WAFL in 1925 as the Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club ' , changing its name to the present in 1935 . Claremont have won 12 senior men 's premierships since entering the competition , including most recently the 2011 and 2012 premierships ."}]}, {'value': 'WAFL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}], 'section_title': '2009 national draft', 'section_text': "The 2009 national draft was held on 26 November , a Thursday evening , rather than the Saturday morning timeslot that has been used in the past years . [ 55 ] For the first time , the top ten selections will be made prior to the telecast , and unveiled in a countdown manner from ten to one , rather than the usual counting up method . [ 56 ] Melbourne finished the 2009 AFL season in last position and as they had won fewer than 5 games during each previous two seasons , they have the first two selections in the draft . Despite much discussion concerning tanking during the season , no other club qualified for a priority pick . [ 57 ] In the lead up to the draft , it was widely tipped that Tom Scully and Jack Trengove would be Melbourne 's first two selections . [ 58 ] The destination of former St Kilda captain Luke Ball was also subject to much debate , with Collingwood being the likely club after failing to secure a trade for him during the October trade week . [ 59 ]", 'uid': '2009_AFL_Draft_2', 'intro': 'The 2009 AFL draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2009/10 Australian Football League off-season. These were the trade week (held between 5 October and 9 October), the national draft (held on 26 November), the pre-season draft (15 December) and the rookie draft (15 December).'}
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In what year was the player delisted whose football team 's home ground is ACH Group Stadium ?
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2014
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03007620013e1d22
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Manitoba_Legislature', 'title': '5th Manitoba Legislature', 'header': ['Electoral district', 'Member elected', 'Affiliation', 'Election date', 'Reason'], 'data': [{'value': 'Portage la Prairie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': "Portage la Prairie is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It has existed since the province 's creation in 1870 . Portage la Prairie is located in southern Manitoba . It is bordered to the north by Lake Manitoba , to the south by Carman , to the west by Turtle Mountain , and to the east by Lakeside and Morris . Portage la Prairie itself is in the central part of the riding . Other communities in the riding include Oakville , Newton , St. Marks , and Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation . The riding 's population in 1996 was 18,785 . In 1999 , the average family income was $ 45,302 , and the unemployment rate was 7.00% . The health and service sector accounts for 18% of the riding 's industry , followed by agriculture at 13% . Thirteen per cent of Portage la Prairie 's residents are aboriginal , while a further 6% are German . Portage la Prairie has been held since by the Progressive Conservative Party for most of its history , although the New Democratic Party has increased its standing in the riding in recent years ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Martin_(Canadian_politician)', 'summary': 'Joseph Martin ( September 24 , 1852 - March 2 , 1923 ) was a lawyer and politician in Manitoba , British Columbia and the United Kingdom often referred to as Fighting Joe .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party', 'summary': "The Manitoba Liberal Party ( French : Parti libéral du Manitoba ) is a political party in Manitoba , Canada . Its roots can be traced to the late nineteenth-century , following the province 's creation in 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 26 , 1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J Martin unseated after election declared invalid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ste . Agathe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Cyr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Ernest_Cyr', 'summary': 'Joseph Ernest Cyr ( September 4 , 1854 - April 12 , 1929 ) was a Canadian politician . Born in Montreal , Quebec , the son of Michel Cyr and Mary-Louise Moquin , Cyr was educated at St. Laurent College near Montreal . He moved to St. Boniface , Manitoba in 1882 and was mayor in 1885 . A notary , he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in an 1883 by-election held following the death of Alexander Kittson . Cyr was defeated when he ran for reelection to the Manitoba assembly in 1888 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the federal riding of Provencher in 1887 , then was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Provencher in 1904 . In 1910 , Cyr was named Superintendent of Dominion Public Works in Winnipeg . He married Adelaide Cesarine Senez in 1875 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Kittson died', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emerson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emerson_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Emerson is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It has existed since 1879 , when it was created by redistribution . It is located in the southeastern corner of the province . It is bordered to the north by Carman , Morris , Steinbach and La Verendrye , to the west by Pembina , to the east by the province of Ontario and to the south by the American state of North Dakota . The riding includes the communities/municipalities of Emerson , Altona , Dominion City , Rhineland , Gretna , Woodridge and St. Jean Baptiste . The riding 's population in 2008 was 20,370 . In 2011 , the average family income was $ 61,951 , and the unemployment rate was 2.9% . Agriculture accounts for 24% of the riding 's industry , followed by manufacturing at 16% . Over 27% of Emerson 's residents have less than a Grade Nine education . Emerson is an ethnically diverse riding , with only 51% of its residents listing English as their mother tongue . 26% of the riding 's residents list themselves as either German , French , Ukrainian , Polish or Mennonite , while a further 5% are aboriginal . The riding has generally been safe for the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba since 1969 , although the New Democratic Party of Manitoba ( NDP ) won it in 1973 ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Douglas_(mayor)', 'summary': 'Charles Stanford Douglas ( October 1 , 1852 - April 15 , 1917 ) born in Madison , Wisconsin , co-journalist and realtor , was the 13th Mayor of Vancouver , British Columbia , serving one term of office in 1909 . He represented Emerson from 1883 to 1888 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative . The son of John A. Douglas , Emerson was educated at Wayland University in Wisconsin . In 1877 , he came to Canada , settling in Fort William , Ontario , where he was the publisher of the Fort William Day Book . Douglas moved to Emerson , Manitoba the following year and established a new newspaper , The Emerson International , there . In 1881 , he married Annie Johnston . Emerson was the U.S. vice-consul at Emerson , served on the town council and was mayor of Emerson in 1888 . He was elected to the Manitoba assembly in an 1883 by-election held after Frederick Burnham was unseated for bribery and was reelected in 1886 . In 1909 , Douglas married Elizabeth Manley ( née Fisher ) , a widow , after the death of his first wife . He died in Vancouver at the age of 64 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'June 23 , 1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FE Burnham unseated after election declared invalid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Verendrye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Verendrye_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "La Verendrye is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It was created by redistribution in 1879 , and has existed since that time . La Verendrye is located southeastern region of Manitoba . It is bordered to the west by Dawson Trail , Emerson , Steinbach , and St. Paul , to the north by Lac Du Bonnet , and to the east by the province of Ontario . Communities in the riding include Falcon Lake , Gardenton , Grunthal , Hadashville , Piney , Pointe du Bois , Sprague , Stuartburn , Sundown , and West Hawk Lake . The Whiteshell Provincial Park and Sandilands Provincial Forest are also in the riding . The riding 's population in 1996 was 19,558 . In 1999 , the average family income was $ 49,308 , and the unemployment rate was 5.90% . Manufacturing accounts for 12% of the riding 's industry , followed by the service sector at 11% . Before the electoral boundaries redistricting done prior to the 2011 election , La Verendrye had the second-highest francophone population in Manitoba ( after St. Boniface ) , at 23% of the total population . Nine per cent of the riding 's residents were German , and 7% were aboriginal . La Verendrye was a hotly contested riding between the Liberals and Conservatives in its earliest years ."}]}, {'value': "Louis Prud'homme", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Louis_Arthur_Prud'homme", 'summary': "Louis Arthur Prud'homme ( November 21 , 1853 - March 1 , 1941 ) was a lawyer , judge , historian and political figure in Manitoba . He represented La Verendrye from 1882 to 1883 and from 1884 to 1885 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative . He was born in St. Urbain , Châteauguay County , Quebec , the son of Lieutenant-Colonel J. M. PrudHomme and Marguerite DAmour . Prud'homme studied law and was called to the Quebec bar in 1879 and the Manitoba bar in 1881 . In 1880 , he married Appoline C. Henault . Prud'homme served as a captain in the St. Boniface Infantry Company . He was president of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Manitoba and of the St. Vincent de Paul Society . Prud'homme was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1882 by-election held after Maxime Goulet was named registrar . He was defeated by Goulet when he ran for reelection in 1883 and then was again elected to the assembly in an 1884 by-election held after Goulet was unseated . He resigned his seat in the Manitoba assembly in 1885 after he was named a county court judge for St. Boniface County . Prud'homme was editor of L'Avenir de Beauharnois from 1875 to 1877 and contributed articles to La Revue Canadienne , L'Opinion publique and La Nouvelle . He wrote The History of Manitoba and Northwest Territories ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'January 15 , 1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M Goulet unseated after election declared invalid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kildonan and St. Paul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kildonan_(Manitoba_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kildonan is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba . The boundaries for the riding maintained their location through the 2008 redistribution .'}]}, {'value': 'John MacBeth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_MacBeth_(Manitoba_politician)', 'summary': "John MacBeth ( March 27 , 1854 - September 27 , 1897 ) was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Kildonan and St. Paul from 1884 to 1888 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative . His surname also appears as McBeth . He was born in Kildonan , Manitoba , the son of Robert McBeath , and was educated there , at St. John 's College and at the Manitoba College . MacBeth studied law and was called to the Manitoba bar in 1882 . He served as clerk of the Executive Council from 1883 to 1884 . MacBeth was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1884 by-election held following the death of Alexander Sutherland . In 1889 , he married Charlotte Smith . He was president of the Historical and Scientific Society from 1891 to 1893 . MacBeth died in Denver , Colorado at the age of 43 and was buried in Port Hope , Ontario ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'April 8 , 1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Sutherland died', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dufferin North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dufferin_(Manitoba_provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': "Dufferin is a former provincial electoral division in Manitoba , Canada . It was originally created in 1879 as two divisions , Dufferin North and Dufferin South . Dufferin was consolidated into a single constituency for the 1888 provincial election , but was eliminated with the 1892 election . Dufferin returned to the electoral map for the 1903 election , and was eliminated through redistribution in 1969 . The constituency was represented for many years by Rodmond Roblin , who served as Premier of Manitoba from 1900 to 1915 . Roblin 's grandson , who also served as premier , was named Dufferin ."}]}, {'value': 'David H. Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_H._Wilson_(politician)', 'summary': 'David Henry Wilson ( October 2 , 1855 - December 10 , 1926 ) was a physician and political figure in Manitoba . He represented Dufferin North from 1881 to 1888 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative . He was born in Huntley Township , Ontario , the son of Thomas Wilson , and was educated in Pakenham and at Trinity College . Wilson practised medicine in Winnipeg for a few months in 1879 and then moved to Nelson . He was a founding member of the Manitoba Medical College , later the faculty of medicine at the University of Manitoba . He was first elected to the provincial assembly in an 1881 by-election held after Andrew Laughlin was named registrar . Wilson served in the Manitoba cabinet as Provincial Secretary and Minister of Public Works . He married Annie E. Armstrong in 1887 . He served as coroner for Marquette County and was secretary-treasurer for the North Dufferin Agricultural Society . In 1889 , Wilson returned to the practice of medicine in Vancouver , retiring in 1894 . He was the first president of the Vancouver Medical Association and was vice-president of the British Columbia Permanent Loan Company , the Pacific Coast Fire Insurance Company and the Royal Plate Glass Insurance Company . Wilson died in Vancouver at the age of 71 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'May 13 , 1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DH Wilson ran for reelection upon appointment as Provincial Secretary', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winnipeg South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnipeg_South_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Winnipeg South was a provincial electoral division in Manitoba , Canada , which existed on two separate occasions . It was initially created for the 1883 provincial election , and abolished with the 1920 election when Winnipeg became a single ten-member constituency . It was re-established for the elections of 1949 and 1953 as a four-member constituency , and was divided into several single-member constituencies in 1958 .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Edward Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Edward_Hamilton', 'summary': "Charles Edward Hamilton ( 1844 - 25 May 1919 ) was a Canadian politician serving as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and as the seventh Mayor of Winnipeg in 1885 . Born in Rochester , England , Hamilton emigrated to Canada before studying law . Hamilton married Alma Lizzie Ashworth of Ottawa . After moving from St. Catharines , Ontario to Winnipeg in 1881 , he established a law practice . In the 1884 city election , he won the contest for mayor as a citizen 's candidate . On 24 February 1885 , Hamilton won a provincial by-election in the Winnipeg South riding for the Conservative party . In the 1886 provincial election , he won the Shoal Lake riding . Hamilton left provincial politics and in 1888 moved to Saint Paul , Minnesota where he became Vice-President of the Pacific and Oriental Investment Company in 1897 , as well as serving as the British Vice-Consul for Minnesota . Hamilton died in 1919 . Hamilton 's son , Charles Ashworth Hamilton , was the founder of Hamilton 's Stores in Yellowstone National Park . Hamilton Avenue in Winnipeg is named in C.E . Hamilton 's honour ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'February 24 , 1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AC Killam named to Supreme Court of Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Verendrye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Verendrye_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "La Verendrye is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It was created by redistribution in 1879 , and has existed since that time . La Verendrye is located southeastern region of Manitoba . It is bordered to the west by Dawson Trail , Emerson , Steinbach , and St. Paul , to the north by Lac Du Bonnet , and to the east by the province of Ontario . Communities in the riding include Falcon Lake , Gardenton , Grunthal , Hadashville , Piney , Pointe du Bois , Sprague , Stuartburn , Sundown , and West Hawk Lake . The Whiteshell Provincial Park and Sandilands Provincial Forest are also in the riding . The riding 's population in 1996 was 19,558 . In 1999 , the average family income was $ 49,308 , and the unemployment rate was 5.90% . Manufacturing accounts for 12% of the riding 's industry , followed by the service sector at 11% . Before the electoral boundaries redistricting done prior to the 2011 election , La Verendrye had the second-highest francophone population in Manitoba ( after St. Boniface ) , at 23% of the total population . Nine per cent of the riding 's residents were German , and 7% were aboriginal . La Verendrye was a hotly contested riding between the Liberals and Conservatives in its earliest years ."}]}, {'value': 'James Prendergast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Prendergast_(Canadian_politician)', 'summary': 'James Emile Pierre Prendergast ( March 22 , 1858 - April 18 , 1945 ) was a lawyer , judge and political figure in Manitoba . He represented La Verendrye from 1885 to 1888 and Woodlands from 1888 to 1892 and St. Boniface from 1892 to 1896 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative and later Liberal .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba ) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba , Canada . It is currently the governing party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba , after winning a substantial majority in the 2016 election and maintaining a majority in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': 'August 24 , 1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L Prud'homme named a county court judge", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'By-elections', 'section_text': 'By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons : [ 3 ]', 'uid': '5th_Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba_1', 'intro': 'The members of the 5th Manitoba Legislature were elected in the Manitoba general election held in January 1883. The legislature sat from May 17, 1883, to November 11, 1886. Premier John Norquay formed a majority government. This is believed to be the first Manitoba provincial election where candidates ran for election purely on party lines. Thomas Greenway was Leader of the Opposition. Alexander Murray served as speaker for the assembly. There were four sessions of the 5th Legislature:'}
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Which member of the conservative party is the oldest ?
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Charles Edward Hamilton
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030267a8db827b11
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Worthing', 'title': 'List of places of worship in Worthing', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Denomination/ Affiliation', 'Grade', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': "St Mary 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Mary's_Church,_Broadwater", 'summary': "St. Mary 's Church , Broadwater , is a Church of England parish church in the Worthing Deanery of the Diocese of Chichester . It serves the ecclesiastical parish of Broadwater , West Sussex and is named after St. Mary . St Mary 's is one of several churches in this benefice along with Queen Street Fellowship and St. Stephen 's Church . Also Hosanna meeting on Sundays in the Broadwater Church of England Primary school until Hosanna was merged into St Mary 's in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': "Broadwater 50°49′40″N 0°22′24″W / 50.8278°N 0.3733°W / 50.8278 ; -0.3733 ( St Mary 's Church , Broadwater )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadwater,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Broadwater is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Situated between the South Downs and the English Channel , Broadwater was once a parish in its own right and included Worthing when the latter was a small fishing hamlet . Before its incorporation into the Borough of Worthing in 1902 Broadwater also included the manor of Offington to the north . It borders Tarring to the west , Sompting to the east , and East Worthing to the south-east .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'I', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Broadwater 's parish church has Saxon origins , but the present structure is late Norman . Nairn and Pevsner noted that the cruciform building , of flint with stone dressings , has impressive arches . The chancel was extensively remodelled in the 19th century", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norman_architecture', 'summary': 'The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries . In particular the term is traditionally used for English Romanesque architecture . The Normans introduced large numbers of castles and fortifications including Norman keeps , and at the same time monasteries , abbeys , churches and cathedrals , in a style characterised by the usual Romanesque rounded arches ( particularly over windows and doorways ) and especially massive proportions compared to other regional variations of the style .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ian_Nairn', 'summary': 'Ian Douglas Nairn ( 24 August 1930 - 14 August 1983 ) was a British architectural critic who coined the word Subtopia to indicate drab suburbs that look identical through unimaginative town-planning . He published two strongly personalised critiques of London and Paris , and collaborated with Sir Nikolaus Pevsner , who considered his reports to be too subjective , but acknowledged him as the better writer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner', 'summary': 'Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner CBE FBA ( 30 January 1902 - 18 August 1983 ) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides , The Buildings of England ( 1951-74 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Flint', 'summary': "Flint is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz , categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone . Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and start fires . It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks , such as chalks and limestones . Inside the nodule , flint is usually dark grey , black , green , white or brown in colour , and often has a glassy or waxy appearance . A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour , typically white and rough in texture . The nodules can often be found along streams and beaches . Flint breaks and chips into sharp-edged pieces , making it useful for knife blades and other cutting tools . The use of flint to make stone tools dates back millions of years , and flint 's extreme durability has made it possible to accurately date its use over this time . Flint is one of the primary materials used to define the Stone Age . During the Stone Age , access to flint was so important for survival that people would travel or trade to obtain flint . Flint Ridge in Ohio was an important source of flint and Native Americans extracted the flint from hundreds of quarries along the ridge . This Ohio Flint was traded across the eastern United States and has been found as far west as the Rocky Mountains and south around the Gulf of Mexico ."}]}, {'value': "St Mary 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Mary's_Church,_Goring-by-Sea", 'summary': "St Mary 's Church is an Anglican church in the Goring-by-Sea area of the Borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The late Norman parish church of the ancient village of Goring retains some architectural elements from that period , but Decimus Burton 's comprehensive restoration of 1837 has given the church its present Gothic Revival exterior appearance . German artist Hans Feibusch , who worked extensively in the Diocese of Chichester , provided a mural in 1954 : it is considered impressive , but caused controversy at the time . English Heritage has listed the church at Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance ."}]}, {'value': "Goring-by-Sea 50°48′47″N 0°25′29″W / 50.8130°N 0.4246°W / 50.8130 ; -0.4246 ( St Mary 's Church , Goring-by-Sea )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goring-by-Sea', 'summary': 'Goring-by-Sea , commonly referred to simply as Goring , is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies west of West Worthing , about 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Worthing town centre . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Arundel , Goring has been part of the borough of Worthing since 1929 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II*', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Decimus Burton rebuilt this late Norman church in the Gothic style in 1837 . Hans Feibusch 's mural representing Christ in Majesty , designed in 1954 , is above the chancel arch . The exterior is rendered", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Decimus_Burton', 'summary': "Decimus Burton FRS FRSA FSA FRIBA ( 30 September 1800 - 14 December 1881 ) was one of the foremost English architects and urban designers of the 19th century . :72 He was the foremost Victorian architect in the Roman revival- , Greek revival- , Georgian neoclassical- , and Regency styles . He was accomplished also in the cottage orné- , picturesque- , and neogothic styles . He was a founding Fellow and , later , Vice-President , of the Royal Institute of British Architects , and architect to the Royal Botanic Society from 1840 and an early member of the Athenaeum Club , London , whose club premises he designed and the company of father , James Burton , the pre-eminent property developer of Georgian London , built . Modern architectural historians , such as Guy Williams ( 1990 ) and Dana Arnold ( 2004 ) , contend that Decimus Burton 's contribution to architecture has been grossly underestimated by previous architectural historians : as a consequence of the misattribution to Nash of many of his works ; of his undeserved vituperation by his neo-gothic nemesis , Augustus W. N. Pugin ; and of the consequent retention of his archives by his family . Decimus Burton 's projects include Hyde Park , London ( including the Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner , Wellington Arch , Cumberland Gate , Stanhope Gate , Grosvenor Gate , and the Prince of Wales 's Gate , Knightsbridge ) ; Green Park and St James 's Park ; Regent 's Park , London ( including Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Clarence Terrace , Chester Terrace , and the villas of the Inner Circle ( which included his own mansion , The Holme , and the original Winfield House ) ; the enclosure of the forecourt of Buckingham Palace , from which he had Nash 's Marble Arch facing the Palace moved to its present site ; the Clubhouse of the Athenaeum Club , London ; Carlton House Terrace ; Spring Gardens , St. James 's Park ; and the Palm House and the Temperate House at Kew Gardens . Outside London , Burton planned , and designed architecture of , the seaside towns of St Leonards-on-Sea and Fleetwood , and of the spa town Tunbridge Wells . His development of the Calverley Estate , of which only a small proportion survives , that contained elements of the neoclassical- , the Old English- , and the neogothic styles , was highly commended : it has been described as ' a landmark in English domestic architecture ' . For two decades he was engaged on a vast landscaping project to renovate Phoenix Park in Dublin . He was the architect of Dublin Zoo , and of the renewal of the sea-side resort of Queenstown . Decimus was the tenth child of James Burton , the pre-eminent property developer of Georgian London . He was taught by his father , James Burton , Sir John Soane , and John Nash ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Norman_architecture', 'summary': 'The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries . In particular the term is traditionally used for English Romanesque architecture . The Normans introduced large numbers of castles and fortifications including Norman keeps , and at the same time monasteries , abbeys , churches and cathedrals , in a style characterised by the usual Romanesque rounded arches ( particularly over windows and doorways ) and especially massive proportions compared to other regional variations of the style .'}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture', 'summary': 'English Gothic is an architectural style , which originated in France and flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 . As with the Gothic architecture of other parts of Europe , English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches , vaulted roofs , buttresses , large windows , and spires . The Gothic style was introduced from France , where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Basilique Saint-Denis north of Paris , built by the Abbot Suger and dedicated on 11 June 1144 . The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England are at Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture ( often known in England as Norman architecture ) . This evolution can be seen most particularly at the Norman Durham Cathedral , which has the earliest pointed ribbed high vault known . English Gothic was to develop along lines that sometimes paralleled and sometimes diverged from those of continental Europe . Historians traditionally divide English Gothic into a number of different periods , which may be further subdivided to accurately define different styles . Gothic architecture continued to flourish in England for a hundred years after the precepts of Renaissance architecture were formalised in Florence in the early 15th century . The Gothic style gave way to the Renaissance in the later 16th and 17th centuries , but was revived in the late 18th century as an academic style and had great popularity as Gothic Revival architecture throughout the 19th century . Many of the largest and finest works of English architecture , notably the medieval cathedrals of England , are largely built in the Gothic style . So are numerous castles , palaces , great houses , universities , and many smaller unpretentious secular buildings , including almshouses and trade halls .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hans_Feibusch', 'summary': 'Hans Nathan Feibusch ( 15 August 1898 - 18 July 1998 ) was a German painter and sculptor of Jewish heritage who lived and worked in Britain from 1933 until his death . He is best known for his murals , particularly in Anglican churches . In all he worked in thirty Anglican churches ( 28 as a muralist , and two - including Ely Cathedral - as sculptor only ) and produced what is probably the largest body of work in his particular métier by any artist in the history of the Church of England . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty', 'summary': 'Christ in Majesty or Christ in Glory ( Latin : Maiestas Domini ) is the Western Christian image of Christ seated on a throne as ruler of the world , always seen frontally in the centre of the composition , and often flanked by other sacred figures , whose membership changes over time and according to the context . The image develops from Early Christian art , as a depiction of the Heavenly throne as described in 1 Enoch , Daniel 7 , and The Apocalypse of John . In the Byzantine world , the image developed slightly differently into the half-length Christ Pantocrator , Christ , Ruler of All , a usually unaccompanied figure , and the Deesis , where a full-length enthroned Christ is entreated by Mary and St. John the Baptist , and often other figures . In the West , the evolving composition remains very consistent within each period until the Renaissance , and then remains important until the end of the Baroque , in which the image is ordinarily transported to the sky .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stucco', 'summary': 'Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates , a binder , and water . Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid . It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings , and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture . Stucco may be used to cover less visually appealing construction materials , such as metal , concrete , cinder block , or clay brick and adobe . In English , stucco usually refers to a coating for the outside of a building and plaster to a coating for interiors ; as described below , the material itself is often little different . However , other European languages , notably including Italian , do not have the same distinction ; stucco means plaster in Italian and serves for both . This has led to English-speakers sometimes using stucco for interior decorative plasterwork in relief .'}]}, {'value': "St Andrew 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Andrew's_Church,_West_Tarring", 'summary': "St Andrew 's Church is the Church of England parish church of Tarring , West Sussex , England . Founded in the 11th century in a then rural parish which had earlier been granted to the Archbishop of Canterbury , the church remained a peculier of Canterbury for many centuries thereafter . It served nearby parishes when their churches fell into disrepair , John Selden was baptised here , and the church became a base for smuggling . The present building is mostly 13th-century , and its tall spire is a landmark in the area . The church is a Grade II* Listed Building ."}]}, {'value': "West Tarring 50°49′29″N 0°23′45″W / 50.8247°N 0.3958°W / 50.8247 ; -0.3958 ( St Andrew 's Church , West Tarring )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarring,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Tarring , officially West Tarring , is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies on the A2031 road 1.2 miles ( 1.9 km ) north-west of the town centre . It is called West Tarring , or less commonly Tarring Peverell , to differentiate it from Tarring Neville near Lewes .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II*', 'urls': []}, {'value': "West Tarring 's partly 13th-century parish church , in the Early English style , has Italian mosaic designs by William Butterfield in 1885 , when a major restoration took place . Its longstanding ecclesiastical status as a peculier of Canterbury Cathedral may have influenced its design", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture', 'summary': 'English Gothic is an architectural style , which originated in France and flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 . As with the Gothic architecture of other parts of Europe , English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches , vaulted roofs , buttresses , large windows , and spires . The Gothic style was introduced from France , where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Basilique Saint-Denis north of Paris , built by the Abbot Suger and dedicated on 11 June 1144 . The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England are at Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture ( often known in England as Norman architecture ) . This evolution can be seen most particularly at the Norman Durham Cathedral , which has the earliest pointed ribbed high vault known . English Gothic was to develop along lines that sometimes paralleled and sometimes diverged from those of continental Europe . Historians traditionally divide English Gothic into a number of different periods , which may be further subdivided to accurately define different styles . Gothic architecture continued to flourish in England for a hundred years after the precepts of Renaissance architecture were formalised in Florence in the early 15th century . The Gothic style gave way to the Renaissance in the later 16th and 17th centuries , but was revived in the late 18th century as an academic style and had great popularity as Gothic Revival architecture throughout the 19th century . Many of the largest and finest works of English architecture , notably the medieval cathedrals of England , are largely built in the Gothic style . So are numerous castles , palaces , great houses , universities , and many smaller unpretentious secular buildings , including almshouses and trade halls .'}, {'url': '/wiki/William_Butterfield', 'summary': 'William Butterfield ( 7 September 1814 - 23 February 1900 ) was a Gothic Revival architect and associated with the Oxford Movement ( or Tractarian Movement ) . He is noted for his use of polychromy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral', 'summary': 'Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury , Kent , is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England . It forms part of a World Heritage Site . It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury , currently Justin Welby , leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion . Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury . Founded in 597 , the cathedral was completely rebuilt between 1070 and 1077 . The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th century , and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1174 , with significant eastward extensions to accommodate the flow of pilgrims visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket , the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170 . The Norman nave and transepts survived until the late 14th century , when they were demolished to make way for the present structures . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the archbishop .'}]}, {'value': 'Christ Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christ_Church,_Worthing', 'summary': "Christ Church and its burial grounds in Worthing , England , were consecrated in 1843 by the Bishop of Chichester , Ashurst Turner Gilbert , to meet the need for church accommodation for the poor . Built by subscription between 1840 and 1843 , the Church was initially regarded as a chapel of ease to St Mary 's Church in Broadwater . The chapel of ease was upgraded to the status of church with its own parish in 1855 . Christ Church is the second oldest Church of England church still standing in Worthing town centre , after St Paul 's Church which stands 100 metres to the east at the opposite end of Ambrose Place . Standing at 85 feet ( 26 metres ) tall Christ Church is one of Worthing 's most dominant flint buildings . The church was built mainly to provide church accommodation for the poor in Worthing , since the existing chapel of ease , now St Paul 's Church , was funded as a proprietary chapel and so excluded the poor ."}]}, {'value': 'Worthing 50°48′48″N 0°22′25″W / 50.8132°N 0.3737°W / 50.8132 ; -0.3737 ( Christ Church , Worthing )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worthing', 'summary': "Worthing ( /ˈwɜːrðɪŋ/ ) is a large seaside town in England , and district with borough status in West Sussex . It is situated at the foot of the South Downs , 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Brighton , and 18 miles ( 29 km ) east of the county town of Chichester . With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles ( 32.37 km2 ) , the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation , which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Since 2010 , northern parts of the borough , including the Worthing Downland Estate , have formed part of the South Downs National Park . In April 2019 , the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain . The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain 's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines , which are some of the earliest mines in Europe . Lying within the borough , the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain 's largest . Worthing means ( place of ) Worth/Worō 's people , from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō ( the name means valiant one , one who is noble ) , and -ingas people of ( reduced to -ing in the modern name ) . The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book . It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber , although Goring , which forms part of the rape of Arundel , was incorporated in 1929 . For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day . In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain 's chief market gardening centres ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II*', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Worthing 's second Anglican church , built in 1840-1843 as a chapel of ease to Broadwater and parished in 1855 , was reprieved from closure in 2006 . The flint building also uses artificial stone - an early example of this . The chancel was altered in 1894 , when a hammerbeam roof - likened to Bryant and May matchsticks by Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel - was added", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chapel_of_ease', 'summary': 'A chapel of ease ( or chapel-of-ease ) is a church building other than the parish church , built within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who can not reach the parish church conveniently .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof', 'summary': 'A hammerbeam roof is a decorative , open timber roof truss typical of English Gothic architecture and has been called .the most spectacular endeavour of the English Medieval carpenter . They are traditionally timber framed , using short beams projecting from the wall on which the rafters land , essentially a tie beam which has the middle cut out . These short beams are called hammer-beams and give this truss its name . A hammerbeam roof can have a single , double or false hammerbeam truss .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bryant_and_May', 'summary': 'Bryant & May was a British company created in the mid-19th century specifically to make matches . Their original Bryant & May Factory was located in Bow , London . They later opened other match factories in the United Kingdom and Australia , such as the Bryant & May Factory , Melbourne , and owned match factories in other parts of the world . Bryant & May survived as an independent company for over seventy years , but went through a series of mergers with other match companies and later with consumer products companies ; and were taken over . The registered trade name Bryant & May still exists and it is owned by Swedish Match , as are many of the other registered trade names of the other , formerly independent , companies within the Bryant & May group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harry_Stuart_Goodhart-Rendel', 'summary': 'Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel ( 1887 , Cambridge - 1959 , Westminster , London ) was an English architect , writer and musician .'}]}, {'value': "St Symphorian 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Symphorian's_Church,_Durrington", 'summary': "St Symphorian 's Church is an Anglican church in the Durrington area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The original 13th-century chapelry declined and fell into ruins in the 17th century , partly due to damage caused by the English Civil War . Anglican worship was re-established in a tin tabernacle in 1890 as the former village grew into a suburb of Worthing , and during World War I a permanent church was built . It was extended during World War II . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance ."}]}, {'value': "Durrington 50°50′11″N 0°24′48″W / 50.8364°N 0.4133°W / 50.8364 ; -0.4133 ( St Symphorian 's Church , Durrington )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durrington,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Durrington is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Bramber , it is situated near the A27 road , 2.3 miles ( 3.7 km ) northwest of the town centre . Since 1992 it has been home to the community-led Durrington Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The ancient parish church was wrecked during the English Civil War , and remained disused until Lacy W. Ridge built a new structure incorporating its remains . It opened in 1916 and was extended ( with a chancel ) in 1941', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_Civil_War', 'summary': "The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 ."}]}, {'value': "St George 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_George's_Church,_Worthing", 'summary': "St George 's Church is an Anglican church in the East Worthing area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . Built in 1867-68 to serve new residential development in the southeast of the town , the Decorated Gothic-style structure was extended later in the 19th century , and expanded its reach further by founding three mission halls elsewhere in Worthing . English Heritage has listed it at Grade C for its architectural and historical importance ."}]}, {'value': "East Worthing 50°48′51″N 0°21′26″W / 50.8142°N 0.3573°W / 50.8142 ; -0.3573 ( St George 's Church , East Worthing )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': "George Truefitt 's Bargate stone , Decorated Gothic-style church was consecrated in 1868 and extended in 1875 and 1884 . The chancel and adjacent aisle have large apses , and there is a bell-tower with a spirelet . The interior was refitted in 1990-91", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bargate_stone', 'summary': 'Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone . It owes its yellow , butter or honey colouring to the high iron oxide content , thus can also be considered ironstone . Its closest relation in England is Yorkstone which is usually paler .'}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture', 'summary': 'English Gothic is an architectural style , which originated in France and flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 . As with the Gothic architecture of other parts of Europe , English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches , vaulted roofs , buttresses , large windows , and spires . The Gothic style was introduced from France , where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Basilique Saint-Denis north of Paris , built by the Abbot Suger and dedicated on 11 June 1144 . The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England are at Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture ( often known in England as Norman architecture ) . This evolution can be seen most particularly at the Norman Durham Cathedral , which has the earliest pointed ribbed high vault known . English Gothic was to develop along lines that sometimes paralleled and sometimes diverged from those of continental Europe . Historians traditionally divide English Gothic into a number of different periods , which may be further subdivided to accurately define different styles . Gothic architecture continued to flourish in England for a hundred years after the precepts of Renaissance architecture were formalised in Florence in the early 15th century . The Gothic style gave way to the Renaissance in the later 16th and 17th centuries , but was revived in the late 18th century as an academic style and had great popularity as Gothic Revival architecture throughout the 19th century . Many of the largest and finest works of English architecture , notably the medieval cathedrals of England , are largely built in the Gothic style . So are numerous castles , palaces , great houses , universities , and many smaller unpretentious secular buildings , including almshouses and trade halls .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Apse', 'summary': 'In architecture , an apse ( plural apses ; from Latin absis : arch , vault from Greek ἀψίς apsis arch ; sometimes written apsis , plural apsides ) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome , also known as an exedra . In Byzantine , Romanesque , and Gothic Christian church ( including cathedral and abbey ) architecture , the term is applied to a semi-circular or polygonal termination of the main building at the liturgical east end ( where the altar is ) , regardless of the shape of the roof , which may be flat , sloping , domed , or hemispherical . Smaller apses may also be in other locations , especially shrines .'}]}, {'value': "St Botolph 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Botolph's_Church,_Heene", 'summary': "St Botolph 's Church is an Anglican church in the Heene area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . It had 11th-century origins as a chapelry within the parish of West Tarring , but declined and fell into disuse by the 18th century . Neighbouring Worthing 's rapid development as a seaside resort in the 19th century encouraged residential growth around the ancient village of Heene , and a new church with the same dedication was built to serve both Heene and the high-class planned estate of West Worthing . Edmund Scott 's Early English Gothic-style church ( listed at Grade C ) stands next to the fragmentary ruins of the old church , which are listed separately at Grade II ."}]}, {'value': "Heene 50°48′49″N 0°23′12″W / 50.8136°N 0.3867°W / 50.8136 ; -0.3867 ( St Botolph 's Church , Heene )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heene', 'summary': "West Worthing is a neighbourhood of Worthing in West Sussex , England that was developed within Heene and later expanded beyond Heene 's boundaries . Intended as an exclusive resort , the township of West Worthing was developed from around 1864 and merged with the formerly separate township of Worthing in 1890 , when Worthing gained borough status . Heene is a former civil parish , now part of the borough of Worthing . It lies on the A259 road 0.6 miles ( 1 km ) west of the town centre . Once part of the parish of West Tarring , Heene was a civil parish in its own right from the 16th century until 1902 ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The ancient chapel at Heene , was ruined by the 18th century and partly dismantled in 1766 . A fragment remains near the present church flint and stone church , built in the Early English style in 1873 by Edmund Scott and enlarged in 1905', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St John the Divine Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Worthing 50°48′53″N 0°24′01″W / 50.8147°N 0.4004°W / 50.8147 ; -0.4004 ( St John the Divine Church , West Worthing )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': "In 1937 , N.F . Cachemaille-Day built a brick and flint church to replace a mission chapel linked to St Botolph 's . This building of 1900 was incorporated into the new structure , which was extended in 1965 when the short , broad tower and spire were added", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nugent_Cachemaille-Day', 'summary': "Nugent Francis Cachemaille-Day ( 1896-1976 ) , often referred to as NF Cachemaille-Day , was an English architect who designed some of the most revolutionary 20th-century churches in the country . His Church of St Nicholas , Burnage has been called a milestone in the history of church architecture in England . After training at the Architectural Association , Cachemaille-Day set up practice with Felix Lander and Herbert Welch as Welch , Cachemaille-Day , and Lander in 1929 . Their work included the Haymills Estate in Hanger Hill . In 1935 Cachemaille-Day began an independent practice . Shortly afterwards he designed the Church of St Michael and All Angels , Northenden ( 1936-37 ) , which well illustrates his absorption of Continental experiments . Pevsner described it as a sensational church for its country and its day . From the 1930s he became known for his churches , some of which are the most innovative ecclesiastical buildings of their time . He was one of the leading English architects to embrace the Liturgical Movement . Between 1931 and 1963 he designed at least 61 churches , many of which are now listed buildings . His churches include St Alban 's Church , Southampton and the Church of St Nicholas , Burnage . The interior of St Barnabas , in Stroud Road , Gloucester , built at the foot of the Cotswolds in an estate south of the city , distills Gothic architecture into pure , simple gestures of interchanging arches within a huge hall church : the energy and dance of the Gothic is at the heart of this design , setting up a majestic yet lively space , its scale suggesting the ambition of a cathedral builder ."}, {'url': "/wiki/St_Botolph's_Church,_Heene", 'summary': "St Botolph 's Church is an Anglican church in the Heene area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . It had 11th-century origins as a chapelry within the parish of West Tarring , but declined and fell into disuse by the 18th century . Neighbouring Worthing 's rapid development as a seaside resort in the 19th century encouraged residential growth around the ancient village of Heene , and a new church with the same dedication was built to serve both Heene and the high-class planned estate of West Worthing . Edmund Scott 's Early English Gothic-style church ( listed at Grade C ) stands next to the fragmentary ruins of the old church , which are listed separately at Grade II ."}]}, {'value': 'Holy Trinity Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worthing 50°48′41″N 0°22′43″W / 50.8113°N 0.3786°W / 50.8113 ; -0.3786 ( Holy Trinity Church , Worthing )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worthing', 'summary': "Worthing ( /ˈwɜːrðɪŋ/ ) is a large seaside town in England , and district with borough status in West Sussex . It is situated at the foot of the South Downs , 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Brighton , and 18 miles ( 29 km ) east of the county town of Chichester . With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles ( 32.37 km2 ) , the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation , which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Since 2010 , northern parts of the borough , including the Worthing Downland Estate , have formed part of the South Downs National Park . In April 2019 , the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain . The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain 's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines , which are some of the earliest mines in Europe . Lying within the borough , the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain 's largest . Worthing means ( place of ) Worth/Worō 's people , from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō ( the name means valiant one , one who is noble ) , and -ingas people of ( reduced to -ing in the modern name ) . The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book . It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber , although Goring , which forms part of the rape of Arundel , was incorporated in 1929 . For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day . In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain 's chief market gardening centres ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Late 19th-century housing development in the Gratwicke area west of the town centre resulted in the building of this church in 1882-1883 . It was parished almost immediately . Henry Coe and S. Robinson 's Early English design , in dark red brick , lacked the present tower ; this was added in 1888", 'urls': []}, {'value': "St Andrew 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Andrew's_Church,_Worthing", 'summary': "St Andrew the Apostle ( in full , the Church of St Andrew the Apostle ) is an Anglican church in Worthing , West Sussex , England . Built between 1885 and 1886 in the Early English Gothic style by Sir Arthur Blomfield , one of the last great Gothic revivalists , the church was embroiled in controversy as soon as it was founded . During a period of religious unrest in the town , theological tensions within Anglicanism between High church Anglo-Catholics and Low church Anglicans were inflamed by what the latter group saw as the church 's idolatrous Roman Catholic-style fittings - in particular , a statue of the Virgin Mary which was seized upon by opponents as an example of a reversion to Catholic-style worship in the Church of England . The Worthing Madonna dispute delayed the consecration of the church by several years . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade C for its architectural and historical importance , and the adjacent vestry and vicarage are listed separately at Grade II ."}]}, {'value': "Worthing 50°48′55″N 0°22′39″W / 50.8153°N 0.3774°W / 50.8153 ; -0.3774 ( St Andrew 's Church , Worthing )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worthing', 'summary': "Worthing ( /ˈwɜːrðɪŋ/ ) is a large seaside town in England , and district with borough status in West Sussex . It is situated at the foot of the South Downs , 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Brighton , and 18 miles ( 29 km ) east of the county town of Chichester . With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles ( 32.37 km2 ) , the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation , which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Since 2010 , northern parts of the borough , including the Worthing Downland Estate , have formed part of the South Downs National Park . In April 2019 , the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain . The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain 's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines , which are some of the earliest mines in Europe . Lying within the borough , the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain 's largest . Worthing means ( place of ) Worth/Worō 's people , from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō ( the name means valiant one , one who is noble ) , and -ingas people of ( reduced to -ing in the modern name ) . The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book . It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber , although Goring , which forms part of the rape of Arundel , was incorporated in 1929 . For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day . In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain 's chief market gardening centres ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Worthing 's first High Church Anglican church was so controversial that it stood unused for six years while liturgical differences were thrashed out . Arthur Blomfield 's Early English church , eventually consecrated in 1888 , uses flint and stonework extensively", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Blomfield', 'summary': 'Sir Arthur William Blomfield ARA FRIBA ( 6 March 1829 - 30 October 1899 ) was an English architect . He became president of the Architectural Association in 1861 ; a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1867 and vice-president of the RIBA in 1886 . He was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , where he read Architecture .'}]}, {'value': 'Queen Street Church Centre', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadwater 50°49′26″N 0°22′34″W / 50.8240°N 0.3760°W / 50.8240 ; -0.3760 ( Queen Street Church Centre , Broadwater )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadwater,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Broadwater is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Situated between the South Downs and the English Channel , Broadwater was once a parish in its own right and included Worthing when the latter was a small fishing hamlet . Before its incorporation into the Borough of Worthing in 1902 Broadwater also included the manor of Offington to the north . It borders Tarring to the west , Sompting to the east , and East Worthing to the south-east .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "This combined church and community centre was built in 1993-1994 on the site of the former Broadwater Mission Hall , administered from St Mary 's Church . The present church is part of St Mary 's parish", 'urls': []}, {'value': "St Stephen 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "East Worthing 50°49′23″N 0°21′37″W / 50.8231°N 0.3604°W / 50.8231 ; -0.3604 ( St Stephen 's Church , East Worthing )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Between 1929 and 1959 , this was a mission chapel to St Mary 's Church in Broadwater ; but it was consecrated in 1959 and became a separate church in its own right . It remains within the parish of St Mary 's", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'All Saints Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Findon Valley 50°51′01″N 0°23′45″W / 50.8504°N 0.3959°W / 50.8504 ; -0.3959 ( All Saints Church , Findon Valley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Findon_Valley', 'summary': "Findon Valley is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies on the A24 road 2.9 miles ( 4.7 km ) north of the town centre . The settlement of Findon Valley is named after the dry valley through the South Downs on which it lies . Like other dry downland valleys , Findon Valley was created during the last ice age when chalk that was being frozen prevented water from seeping downwards through the chalk . In summer , streams of melting ice would flow down off the Weald across the Downs , creating the dry valleys such as Findon Valley . The settlement of Findon Valley is bordered to the west and east by land in the South Downs National Park . To the west , it is bordered by parkland and downland known as 'the Gallops ' and to the east by the steep slopes of Mount Carvey which forms part of the Worthing Downland Estate and to the north-east the prehistoric site of Cissbury . It is separated from the village of Findon by a strategic gap - also part of the South Downs National Park . Findon Valley was built from the 1930s to 1950s , with its library having been built in 1958 . It is also home to the Vale School , All Saints Parish Church , Findon Valley Free Church and a parade of shops . Notable former residents of Findon Valley include the composer Charles Williams . Also , Rose Setten , winner in 2004 of BBC Young Choirgirl of the Year , was formerly head chorister of All Saints Church ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A church hall , erected in 1936 , was used for services in this interwar housing estate until Keir Hett 's brick church of 1956 was consecrated on 22 February of that year . The congregation chose the dedication . The church was parished in 1989 , and St Peter 's Church at High Salvington was added to the parish in 2010", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interwar_period', 'summary': "In the context of the history of the 20th century , the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939 . This period is also colloquially referred to as Between the Wars . Despite the relatively short period of time , this period represented an era of significant changes worldwide . Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation expanded dramatically leading to the Roaring Twenties , a period of economic prosperity and growth for the middle class in North America , Europe and many other parts of the world . Automobiles , electric lighting , radio broadcasts and more became commonplace among populations in the developed world . The indulgences of this era subsequently were followed by the Great Depression , an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn which severely damaged many of the world 's largest economies . Politically , this era coincided with the rise of communism , starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War , at the end of World War I , and ended with the rise of fascism , particularly in Germany and in Italy . China was in the midst of a half-century of instability and civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China . The empires of Britain , France and others faced challenges as imperialism was increasingly viewed negatively in Europe , and independence movements emerged in many colonies ; the southern part of Ireland became independent after much fighting . The Ottoman , Austro-Hungarian and German empires were dismantled , while the Ottoman and German colonies were redistributed among the Allies , chiefly Britain and France . The western parts of the Russian Empire , Estonia , Finland , Latvia , Lithuania and Poland became independent nations in their own right , while Bessarabia ( modern-day Moldova ) chose to reunify with Romania . The Russian communists managed to regain control of the other East Slavic states , Central Asia , and the Caucasus , forming the Soviet Union ."}]}, {'value': "St Laurence 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Goring-by-Sea 50°48′32″N 0°24′27″W / 50.8090°N 0.4074°W / 50.8090 ; -0.4074 ( St Laurence 's Church , Goring-by-Sea )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goring-by-Sea', 'summary': 'Goring-by-Sea , commonly referred to simply as Goring , is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies west of West Worthing , about 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Worthing town centre . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Arundel , Goring has been part of the borough of Worthing since 1929 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Part of the parish of Goring-by-Sea , this church was founded in 1936 . An attached hall was added in 1962 . The interior has a 15th-century altarpiece retrieved from St Mary 's Church , Slaugham", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Altarpiece', 'summary': 'An altarpiece is an artwork such as a painting , sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church . Though most commonly used for a single work of art such as a painting or sculpture , or a set of them , the word can also be used of the whole ensemble behind an altar , otherwise known as a reredos , including what is often an elaborate frame for the central image or images . Altarpieces were one of the most important products of Christian art especially from the late Middle Ages to the era of the Counter-Reformation . Large number of altarpieces are now removed from their church settings , and often their elaborate sculpted frameworks , and displayed as more simply framed paintings in museums and other places .'}, {'url': "/wiki/St_Mary's_Church,_Slaugham", 'summary': "St Mary 's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Slaugham in Mid Sussex , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The 12th- and 13th-century church , restored in the Victorian era , serves a large rural area of the Sussex Weald , covering three villages ( each with current or former chapels of ease of their own ) as well as the ancient settlement of Slaugham . It also controlled the church in the market town of Crawley - now one of the area 's largest towns - for the first few centuries of its existence . A locally important family built a private chapel in the church in the 17th century , and a series of memorials to deceased family members are considered to be excellent examples of their type . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance ."}]}, {'value': "St Peter 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "High Salvington 50°50′55″N 0°24′29″W / 50.8485°N 0.4081°W / 50.8485 ; -0.4081 ( St Peter 's Church , High Salvington )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_Salvington', 'summary': 'High Salvington is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It is centred 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) northwest of the town centre and is north of the A27 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The vicar of St Symphorian 's Church paid for a tin tabernacle to be erected in High Salvington in 1928 . It was part of St Symphorian 's parish between 1951 and 2010 - since when it has been linked to All Saints Church at Findon Valley - and is Worthing 's only iron church", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tin_tabernacle', 'summary': 'A tin tabernacle is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron . They were developed in the mid-19th century initially in the United Kingdom . Corrugated iron was first used for roofing in London in 1829 by civil engineer Henry Robinson Palmer , and the patent was later sold to Richard Walker who advertised portable buildings for export in 1832 . The technology for producing the corrugated sheets improved , and to prevent corrosion , the sheets were galvanised with a coating of zinc , a process developed by Stanislas Sorel in Paris in the 1830s . After 1850 , many types of prefabricated buildings were produced , including churches , chapels and mission halls .'}]}, {'value': "St Richard 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Maybridge 50°49′16″N 0°25′06″W / 50.8210°N 0.4183°W / 50.8210 ; -0.4183 ( St Richard 's Church , Maybridge )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "This postwar housing estate north of Goring-by-Sea received a permanent church in 1966 , when Romilly Craze 's brick building opened . A church hall had accommodated services since 1954 . A parish was created in 1980", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Post-war', 'summary': 'In Western usage , the phrase post-war era or postwar era ( sometimes capitalized ) usually refer to the time since the end of World War II , even though many nations involved in this war have been involved in other wars since . More broadly , a post-war period or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war . A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum , when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date ( such as the period between World War I and World War II ) . By contrast , a post-war period marks the cessation of conflict entirely .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Romilly_Craze', 'summary': 'Romilly Bernard Craze ( 1892-1974 ) was an English architect .'}]}, {'value': "St Matthew 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Worthing 50°49′04″N 0°22′59″W / 50.8179°N 0.3830°W / 50.8179 ; -0.3830 ( St Matthew 's Church , Worthing )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worthing', 'summary': "Worthing ( /ˈwɜːrðɪŋ/ ) is a large seaside town in England , and district with borough status in West Sussex . It is situated at the foot of the South Downs , 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Brighton , and 18 miles ( 29 km ) east of the county town of Chichester . With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles ( 32.37 km2 ) , the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation , which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Since 2010 , northern parts of the borough , including the Worthing Downland Estate , have formed part of the South Downs National Park . In April 2019 , the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain . The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain 's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines , which are some of the earliest mines in Europe . Lying within the borough , the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain 's largest . Worthing means ( place of ) Worth/Worō 's people , from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō ( the name means valiant one , one who is noble ) , and -ingas people of ( reduced to -ing in the modern name ) . The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book . It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber , although Goring , which forms part of the rape of Arundel , was incorporated in 1929 . For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day . In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain 's chief market gardening centres ."}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "R.S . Hyde 's Early English-style church has an apse and a narrow flèche , and uses locally quarried flint . It was built in 1899 and extended with vestries and aisles in 1911", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apse', 'summary': 'In architecture , an apse ( plural apses ; from Latin absis : arch , vault from Greek ἀψίς apsis arch ; sometimes written apsis , plural apsides ) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome , also known as an exedra . In Byzantine , Romanesque , and Gothic Christian church ( including cathedral and abbey ) architecture , the term is applied to a semi-circular or polygonal termination of the main building at the liturgical east end ( where the altar is ) , regardless of the shape of the roof , which may be flat , sloping , domed , or hemispherical . Smaller apses may also be in other locations , especially shrines .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Flèche', 'summary': 'In French architecture , a flèche ( Fr . for arrow ) is a lead-covered timber spire , or spirelet . These are placed on the ridges of church or cathedral roofs and are usually relatively small . However , larger versions can be found on cathedrals such as Amiens Cathedral , Coventry Cathedral , and previously Notre-Dame de Paris , before its collapse in a 2019 fire that also destroyed the roof . The highest flèche in the world was built at the end of the 19th century for Rouen Cathedral . Its height is 157 metres ( 515 ft ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vestry', 'summary': 'A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish in England and Wales , which originally met in the vestry or sacristy of the parish church , and consequently became known colloquially as the vestry . For many centuries the vestries were the sole de facto local government and presided over local , communal fundraising and expenditure until the mid or late 19th century with local Established Church chairmanship . More punitive matters tended to be dealt with by the manorial court and hundred court during the epoch of the vestries . Their initial power derived from custom and was very occasionally ratified by the common law or asserted in statute such as the Elizabethan Poor Law . At the high point of their powers before removal of Poor Law responsibilities in 1834 , the vestries spent not far short of one-fifth of the budget of the British government which derived much of its income from global trade and imperialism . Secular and ecclesiastical aspects of the vestries were separated , for all areas where they had not earlier been , under a reforming statute of 1894 . Their secular duties have been performed in England since then by parish councils or more superior councils , leaving their ecclesiastical duties to the Church of England where they have been performed by parochial church councils ( PCCs ) since 1921 . Realised secularisation of local government was opposed by administrations of the Tory Party preceding the Third Salisbury ministry , the British government led by Lord Salisbury from 1895 to 1900 and several earlier influential High Whigs . A public right in the PCC ( church ) meeting remains in that all Members of an overlapping civil parish can speak at their annual meetings ( which may appoint churchwardens for instance ) . A right to tax by a PCC for church chancel repairs remains as to liable ( apportioned ) local residents and businesses across an apportioned area of many church parishes , in the form of chancel repair liability however in some tithes were replaced by no further such taxation .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadwater Baptist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadwater 50°49′37″N 0°21′53″W / 50.8270°N 0.3648°W / 50.8270 ; -0.3648 ( Broadwater Baptist Church )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadwater,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Broadwater is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Situated between the South Downs and the English Channel , Broadwater was once a parish in its own right and included Worthing when the latter was a small fishing hamlet . Before its incorporation into the Borough of Worthing in 1902 Broadwater also included the manor of Offington to the north . It borders Tarring to the west , Sompting to the east , and East Worthing to the south-east .'}]}, {'value': 'Baptist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptists', 'summary': "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "R.W . Brough 's 1968 brick structure is the successor to a church hall used since 1937 by Broadwater 's Baptist community , which had first met in 1881 in a former stable . Another building on a different site was also used between 1904 and 1937", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Life Baptist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Durrington 50°50′07″N 0°24′26″W / 50.8354°N 0.4073°W / 50.8354 ; -0.4073 ( New Life Baptist Church , Durrington )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durrington,_West_Sussex', 'summary': 'Durrington is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Bramber , it is situated near the A27 road , 2.3 miles ( 3.7 km ) northwest of the town centre . Since 1992 it has been home to the community-led Durrington Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Baptist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptists', 'summary': "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'This church acquired its name in 1985 but has its origins in a Free Church of 1912 which became Baptist in 1943 . The present brick building , replacing the earlier structure , was completed in 1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Worthing Baptist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Worthing 50°48′56″N 0°21′09″W / 50.8156°N 0.3525°W / 50.8156 ; -0.3525 ( East Worthing Baptist Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baptist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptists', 'summary': "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "In 1933 , an Evangelical community founded a church in East Worthing ; it was opened by Worthing 's mayor the following year . The Baptist Church acquired the building , a brick structure designed by T.R . Hyde , in 1946", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Open places of worship', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_places_of_worship_in_Worthing_0', 'intro': "The borough of Worthing, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex, has 49 extant, operating churches and other places of worship. Sixteen other former places of worship are still in existence but are no longer in religious use. The district, on the south coast of England, is mostly urban: it consists of the seaside resort of Worthing, established in the 19th century, and its residential suburbs, ranging from ancient villages absorbed by the growing town to housing estates built after World War II. Most residents identify themselves as Christian, and there is only one non-Christian place of worship, a mosque. The Church of England, the country's officially established church, is represented by more churches than any other denomination, but Worthing's first church was an Independent chapel. Protestant Nonconformism flourished in the early 19th century during the town's early development, while Roman Catholic worship (after the Catholic Emancipation) took root somewhat later. English Heritage has awarded listed status to 12 of Worthing's extant churches and two former church buildings. A building is defined as listed when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of special architectural or historic interest in accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The Department for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, is responsible for this; English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of the department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues. There are three grades of listing status. Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of exceptional interest; Grade II* is used for particularly important buildings of more than special interest; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of special interest."}
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What church is located in a neighborhood that was supposed to be an exclusive resort ?
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St Botolph 's Church
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03037b8b205241c4
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avinash_Sachdev', 'title': 'Avinash Sachdev', 'header': ['Year', 'Serial', 'Character', 'Channel'], 'data': [{'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hatim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hatim_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Hatim is an Indian television series that aired on Star Plus plus from 26 December 2003 to 12 November 2004 . It has elements of fantasy . It was started by director Amrit Sagar , based on Hatim al-Tai .'}]}, {'value': 'Shehzad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/StarPlus', 'summary': "StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India . The network 's programming consists of family dramas , comedies , youth-oriented reality shows , shows on crime and television films . It is also distributed internationally by The Walt Disney Company India , subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': '2006-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karam Apnaa Apnaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karam_Apnaa_Apnaa', 'summary': "Karam Apnaa Apnaa is an Indian soap opera which aired on Star Plus from 29 August 2006 to 27 March 2009 . It was produced by Ekta Kapoor 's Balaji Telefilms . On 27 January 2007 , it was shifted from its 9:30 pm ( IST ) to 8:30 pm ( IST ) slot paving way for Kaun Banega Crorepati ."}]}, {'value': 'Sumit Malhotra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khwaish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khwaish', 'summary': 'Khwaish is an Indian television series which aired Sony Entertainment Television from 16 July 2007 to 24 April 2008 . The show started earlier in Pakistan on ARY Digital from 25 June 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Salman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sony TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television', 'summary': "Sony Entertainment Television ( abbr . SET ) is an Indian Hindi-language pay television channel that was launched in October 1996 , and is owned by Sony Pictures Networks India , a subsidiary of the Japanese Sony . SET has been one of India 's most popular television channels , having produced many iconic shows such as CID , Aahat , Indian Idol , Boogie Woogie , Crime Patrol and Beyhadh ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kis_Desh_Mein_Hai_Meraa_Dil', 'summary': 'Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil ( In Which Country Does My Heart Live ) is an Indian drama television series that aired on Star Plus . The story is of two lovers , Prem and Heer and their undying love for one another . Despite conspiracies , tragedies and heart-break , their undying love for one another prevails through the roughest of times .'}]}, {'value': 'Manmeet / Prashant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chotti Bahu - Sindoor Bin Suhagan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Choti_Bahu', 'summary': 'Chotti Bahu is an Indian television soap opera that aired on Zee TV , starring Avinash Sachdev as Dev and Rubina Dilaik as Radhika . The serial focuses on the love saga of Radhika , a great devotee of the Hindu god Krishna ( often referred in the serial as Kanha ) and Dev .'}]}, {'value': 'Dev Raj Purohit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zee TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zee_TV', 'summary': 'Zee TV is an Indian pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises , a media and entertainment company based in Mumbai , Maharashtra . A part of the Essel Group , it started to broadcast on 2 October 1992 as the first Hindi-language subscription channel in India . Zee TV HD was launched on 15 August 2011 along with Zee Cinema HD , Zee Studio HD . It overhauled its old logo on 15 October 2017 , along with all other channels of the Zee Entertainment Enterprises .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baat Hamari Pakki Hai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baat_Hamari_Pakki_Hai', 'summary': 'Baat Hamari Pakki Hai is an Indian television drama series which premiered on Sony Entertainment Television on 31 May 2010 and went off air on 25 February 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dev Raj Purohit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sony TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ram Milaye Jodi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ram_Milaye_Jodi', 'summary': 'Preet Se Bandhi Ye Dori Ram Milaayi Jodi was an Indian Television drama Series that aired on Zee TV . It premiered on 20 September 2010 and ended on 12 April 2012 airing every Monday to Friday at 9:30 pm . It also aired on Apna Television in New Zealand . The show ranked 3rd on Zee TV .'}]}, {'value': 'Dev Raj Purohit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zee TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chhoti Bahu - Sawar Ke Rang Rachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Choti_Bahu', 'summary': 'Chotti Bahu is an Indian television soap opera that aired on Zee TV , starring Avinash Sachdev as Dev and Rubina Dilaik as Radhika . The serial focuses on the love saga of Radhika , a great devotee of the Hindu god Krishna ( often referred in the serial as Kanha ) and Dev .'}]}, {'value': 'Dev Raj purohit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zee TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teri Meri Love Stories', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teri_Meri_Love_Stories', 'summary': 'Teri Meri Love Stories is an anthology series of 90 minute telefilms promoted as a collection of assorted love stories which premiered on 11 August 2012 on Star Plus . The series aired on weekends and featured many actors .'}]}, {'value': 'Ishaan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon ? ... Ek Baar Phir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iss_Pyaar_Ko_Kya_Naam_Doon?...Ek_Baar_Phir', 'summary': 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon ? . Ek Baar Phir ( transl . What shall I name this love ? .Once again ) is an Indian Hindi language soap opera that aired from 26 August 2013 to 13 June 2015 on Star Plus . It starred Avinash Sachdev and Shrenu Parikh as Shlok Agnihotri and Aastha Kirloskar .'}]}, {'value': 'Shlok Agnihotri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015-2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Qubool Hai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qubool_Hai', 'summary': 'Qubool Hai ( English : I Accept ) is an Indian soap opera that was produced by 4 Lions Films and broadcast on Zee TV . It is the sixth television series of 4 Lions Films . The series focused on the Muslim community and initially aimed to dispel stereotypes regarding Islam , and had been credited for pioneering Muslim oriented programming in Indian television .'}]}, {'value': 'Armaan Raza Sheikh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zee TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Balika Vadhu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balika_Vadhu', 'summary': "Balika Vadhu ( English : Child Bride ) is an Indian soap opera that aired on Colors TV . It aired between 21 July 2008 and 31 July 2016 with 2,245 episodes . The story which is set in rural Rajasthan revolved around the life of a child bride from childhood to womanhood . The first season focused on Anandi and Jagdish , who were married in childhood . The second season reflects the lives of Anandi 's daughter Dr. Nandini who was also a child bride . It has been credited as the first Indian fiction show to complete 2,000 episodes . The show had two seasons titled Balika Vadhu - Kacchi Umar Ke Pakke Rishte ( English : Child Bride - Strong Relationships of Tender Age , Child Marriage - Strong Relationship of Tender Age ) and Balika Vadhu - Lamhe Pyaar Ke ( English : Child Bride - Moments of Love , Child Marriage - Moments of Love ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Amit Goel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colors TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colors_TV', 'summary': "Viacom 18 Media Pvt . Limited is an Indian joint venture operation between ViacomCBS and TV18 based in Mumbai . It was founded in November 2007 and owns various channels of ViacomCBS , as well as various consumer products in India . In January 2010 , Viacom 18 went international with the launch of Colors in the United States . The channel is called Aapka Colors . In July 2010 , it got into 50/50 distribution joint venture with Sun Network to form Sun 18 . In December 2011 , Viacom 18 launched Nickelodeon Sonic , targeting young adults . The company also owns Viacom18 Motion Pictures . On 31 January 2018 , TV18 announced its acquisition of Viacom 's majority in the joint venture , taking operational control and leaving Viacom with minority interest . On 1 October 2019 , Viacom 18 launched Colors HD in Malaysia on Astro Malaysia ; every serial will be served with Malay and English subtitles . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'İzle 7 - Avinash Sachdev Özel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayushman Bhava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayushman_Bhava_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Ayushman Bhava is an Indian television series which aired on STAR Bharat . The series stars Avinash Sachdev , Sumit Bhardwaj and Manish Goel .'}]}, {'value': 'Avinash Dubey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Bharat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Bharat', 'summary': 'Star Bharat is an Indian pay television channel which is a part of Star India , fully owned by The Walt Disney Company .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Main Bhi Ardhangini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Main_Bhi_Ardhangini', 'summary': "Main Bhi Ardhangini ( transl . I also Better-half ) is an Indian television series that airs on & TV . It is the official remake of Zee Tamil 's Yaaradi Nee Mohini . It stars Avinash Sachdev , Anjali Priya , Deepshikha Nagpal and Krutika Desai . First Seasons ended on 27 July 2019 . Season 2 began on 30 July 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Madhav Singh Thakur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '& TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/&TV', 'summary': '& TV ( And TV ) is a Hindi language entertainment channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises . Launched as a General Entertainment Channel from ZEEL group , it started broadcasting on 2 March 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nach Baliye 9', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nach_Baliye', 'summary': 'Nach Baliye ( transl . Dance Partner ) is an Indian celebrity couple dance reality television series that airs on Star Plus .'}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Plus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Plus', 'summary': "StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India . The network 's programming consists of family dramas , comedies , youth-oriented reality shows , shows on crime and television films . It is also distributed internationally by The Walt Disney Company India , subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Television -- Fiction shows', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Avinash_Sachdev_0', 'intro': 'Avinash Sachdev (born 22 August 1986), is an Indian television actor known for playing the character Dev in the Hindi soap opera Chotti Bahu and Shlok in Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?.Ek Baar Phir.'}
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Who co-starred in the show in which Avinash Sachdev played Shlok Agnihotri starting in 2013 ?
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Shrenu Parikh
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0306136c8c9eee98
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachael_vs._Guy:_Celebrity_Cook-Off', 'title': 'Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off', 'header': ['Celebrity', 'Occupation', 'Team', 'Charity', 'Status'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aaron Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Carter', 'summary': "Aaron Charles Carter ( born December 7 , 1987 ) is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , actor , dancer and record producer . He first came to fame as a pop and hip hop singer in the late 1990s , establishing himself as a star among pre-teen and teenage audiences during the first years of the 21st century with his four studio albums . Born in Tampa , Florida , Carter began performing at age seven and released his self-titled debut album in 1997 at age 9 , selling a million copies worldwide . His second album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) ( 2000 ) sold three million copies in the United States , and Carter began making guest appearances on Nickelodeon and touring with the Backstreet Boys shortly after the record 's release . Carter 's next album , Oh Aaron , also went platinum , and the musician released what would be his last studio album for 16 years , Another Earthquake ! , in 2002 , followed by his 2003 Most Requested Hits collection . He has since appeared on Dancing with the Stars , the Broadway musical Seussical , the off-Broadway musical The Fantasticks , and made several one-off performances . In 2014 , he announced that he would begin releasing new music and began by releasing a single featuring rapper Pat SoLo , Ooh Wee , which first became available as a free download with purchase on his web store . Carter released the single , Fool 's Gold , on April 1 , 2016 , and an EP titled LøVë in February 2017 . His fifth studio album of the same name was released on February 16 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Platinum Recording Artist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rachael', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kids Beating Cancer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 1st on January 1 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alyssa Campanella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alyssa_Campanella', 'summary': 'Alyssa Marie Campanella ( born March 21 , 1990 ) is an American model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 2011 . As Miss USA , she represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2011 competition and finished in the top sixteen . Campanella had previously been crowned Miss California USA 2011 and Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2007 , placing as the first runner-up at the Miss Teen USA 2007 competition . She is currently a style and travel blogger .'}]}, {'value': 'Miss USA 2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_USA', 'summary': 'Miss USA is an American beauty pageant that has been held annually since 1952 to select the entrant from United States in the Miss Universe pageant . The Miss Universe Organization operates both pageants , as well as Miss Teen USA . The pageant was owned by Donald Trump from 1996 to 2015 and was previously broadcast on NBC . In September 2015 , WME/IMG purchased the pageant from Trump . Currently , Fox holds the broadcast rights for the pageant . The current Miss USA is Cheslie Kryst of North Carolina who was crowned on May 2 , 2019 at Grand Sierra Resort in Reno , Nevada .'}]}, {'value': 'Guy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susan G. Komen for the Cure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_G._Komen_for_the_Cure', 'summary': "Susan G. Komen , formerly known as Susan G. Komen for the Cure and originally as The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation , often referred to as simply Komen , is the largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States . According to the Harris Interactive 2010 EquiTrend annual brand equity poll , Komen was once one of the most trusted non-profit organizations in America . Komen 's 2012 decision to discontinue funding for Planned Parenthood was controversial and brief , attracting widespread media attention and a significant decline in donations and participation at fundraising events . Komen almost immediately reversed its decision and resumed its funding of breast cancer screening and other programs at various Planned Parenthood locations . The organization has also been criticized for executive pay raises , administrative costs , affiliations with certain sponsors and claims that it used misleading statistics in advertising . In six years from 2011 to 2017 revenue declined by about 80% and a number of state chapters closed . In March 2013 , Komen 's ranking on Charity Navigator dropped from four stars ( the highest rating ) to three stars , going to two stars in 2014 . As of June 2016 , Komen was back to three stars , with a score of 81 out of 100 ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 2nd on January 8 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheech Marin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheech_Marin', 'summary': "Richard Anthony Cheech Marín ( born July 13 , 1946 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , writer and activist , who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong and as Don Johnson 's partner , Insp . Joe Dominguez , on Nash Bridges . He has also voiced characters in several Disney films , including Oliver & Company , The Lion King , the Cars series , Coco and Beverly Hills Chihuahua . Marín 's trademark is his characters ' strong Chicano accents , although Marin himself is not fluent in Spanish [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Actor & Comedian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Actor', 'summary': "An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance ( also actress ; see below ) . The actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre or in modern media such as film , radio , and television . The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής ( hupokritḗs ) , literally one who answers . The actor 's interpretation of their role - the art of acting - pertains to the role played , whether based on a real person or fictional character . Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves , as in some forms of experimental performance art . Formerly , in ancient Greece and Rome , the medieval world , and the time of William Shakespeare , only men could become actors , and women 's roles were generally played by men or boys . After the English Restoration of 1660 , women began to appear on stage in England . In modern times , particularly in pantomime and some operas , women occasionally play the roles of boys or young men ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Comedian', 'summary': "A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience by making them laugh . This might be through jokes or amusing situations , or acting foolish ( as in slapstick ) or employing prop comedy . A comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comedian . A popular saying , variously quoted but generally attributed to Ed Wynn , is , A comic says funny things ; a comedian says things funny , which draws a distinction between how much of the comedy can be attributed to verbal content and how much to acting and persona . Since the 1980s , a new wave of comedy , called alternative comedy , has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and experimental style . This normally involves more experiential , or observational reporting , e.g . Alexei Sayle , Daniel Tosh and Malcolm Hardee . As far as content is concerned , comedians such as Tommy Tiernan , Des Bishop , Kevin Hart and Joan Rivers draw on their background to poke fun at themselves , while others such as Jon Stewart , and Ben Elton have very strong political and cultural undertones . Many comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal , the Edinburgh Fringe , and Melbourne Comedy Festival in Australia . Often a comic 's career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award , such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award ( formerly the Perrier comedy award ) . Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment , such as film and television , where they become more widely known ; e.g. , Eddie Izzard or Ricky Gervais . However , a comic 's stand-up success does not guarantee a film 's critical or box office success ."}]}, {'value': 'Guy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hispanic Scholarship Fund', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 3rd on January 15 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Summer Sanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summer_Sanders', 'summary': 'Summer Elisabeth Sanders OLY ( born October 13 , 1972 ) is an American sports commentator , reporter , television personality , actress , former competition swimmer and Olympic champion from 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold Medal Olympian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Games', 'summary': "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics ( French : Jeux olympiques ) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions . The Olympic Games are considered the world 's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating . The Olympic Games are held every four years , with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart . Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games ( Ancient Greek : Ὀλυμπιακοί Ἀγῶνες ) , which were held in Olympia , Greece , from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD . Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 1894 , leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896 . The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement , with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority . The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games . Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports , the Paralympic Games for athletes with a disability , the Youth Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18 , the five Continental games ( Pan American , African , Asian , European , and Pacific ) , and the World Games for sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games . The Deaflympics and Special Olympics are also endorsed by the IOC . The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic , political , and technological advancements . The abuse of amateur rules by the Eastern Bloc nations prompted the IOC to shift away from pure amateurism , as envisioned by Coubertin , to allowing participation of professional athletes . The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialisation of the Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Rachael', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Right To Play', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Right_To_Play', 'summary': "Right To Play is an international non-profit organization that empowers vulnerable children to overcome the effects of war , poverty , and disease around the world through play . Founded in 2000 by Johann Olav Koss , Right To Play works with schools and community-based organisations , training teachers and coaches in its innovative play-based learning methodology and holding play days and sports tournaments geared towards building children 's life skills . Headquartered in Toronto , Canada , the organisation delivers programs in 15 countries across Africa , Asia , the Middle East , and has national offices in Canada , Germany , Norway , the Netherlands , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 4th on January 22 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylor Dayne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Dayne', 'summary': "Taylor Dayne ( born Leslie Wunderman ; March 7 , 1962 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . She rose to fame in 1987 after her debut single Tell It to My Heart reached the top 10 across fourteen international music charts . Dayne achieved six additional U.S. top 10 singles , including Love Will Lead You Back , Prove Your Love , and I 'll Always Love You . Dayne has sold over 75 million records worldwide , making her one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Additionally , she has earned three Grammy Award nominations , an American Music Award , and multiple New York Music Awards . She has also received New York Hall of Fame honors and was ranked at number 18 on Rolling Stone 's list of the best female dance artists of all-time . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 28th most successful dance artist of all-time ."}]}, {'value': 'Multi-Platinum Recording Artist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rachael', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cambodian Childrens Fund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cambodian_Children’s_Fund', 'summary': "Cambodian Children 's Fund ( CCF ) is a non-profit organization , founded in 2004 by Scott Neeson to aid children in Steung Meanchey , one of the poorest areas in Cambodias capital Phnom Penh . Initially established to support 45 children in need , CCF now educates over 2,000 children . In addition , it serves 12,000 people in the communities where it works through a range of community outreach , healthcare , childcare and vocational training programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 5th on January 29 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joey Fatone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joey_Fatone', 'summary': "Joseph Anthony Fatone Jr. ( born January 28 , 1977 ) is an American singer , dancer , actor , and television personality . He is best known as a member of the boyband NSYNC , in which he sang baritone . In 2007 , he came in second place on the ABC reality show Dancing with the Stars . He was the host of the U.S. and Australian versions of The Singing Bee , which aired on NBC in the U.S. Fatone was also the announcer for the game show Family Feud from 2010 to 2015 . Fatone previously hosted on Food Network 's Rewrapped , Live Well Network 's My Family Recipe Rocks , and The Price Is Right Live ! at Bally 's Las Vegas ."}]}, {'value': 'Singer & Television Personality', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Singer', 'summary': 'Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality , rhythm , and a variety of vocal techniques . A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist ( in jazz and popular music ) . Singers perform music ( arias , recitatives , songs , etc . ) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments . Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians , such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists . Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument ( as in art song or some jazz styles ) up to a symphony orchestra or big band . Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera , Indian music and religious music styles such as gospel , traditional music styles , world music , jazz , blues , ghazal and popular music styles such as pop , rock , electronic dance music and filmi ( Indian film songs ) . Singing can be formal or informal , arranged or improvised . It may be done as a form of religious devotion , as a hobby , as a source of pleasure , comfort or ritual , as part of music education or as a profession . Excellence in singing requires time , dedication , instruction and regular practice . If practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong . Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre , such as classical or rock , although there are singers with crossover success ( singing in more than one genre ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Guy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fatone Family Foundation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 6th on January 29 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coolio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coolio', 'summary': "Artis Leon Ivey Jr. ( born August 1 , 1963 ) , known by his stage name Coolio , is an American rapper , actor , chef , and record producer . Coolio achieved mainstream success in the mid-to-late 1990s with his albums It Takes a Thief ( 1994 ) , Gangsta 's Paradise ( 1995 ) , and My Soul ( 1997 ) . He is best known for his 1995 Grammy Award-winning hit single Gangsta 's Paradise , as well as other singles Fantastic Voyage ( 1994 ) , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ( Sumpin ' New ) ( 1996 ) and C U When U Get There ( 1997 ) . He was also known for rapping the theme song for the mid-to-late 1990s Nickelodeon series Kenan & Kel . Coolio has since gone on to release albums independently and has also become a chef , creating a web series titled Cookin ' with Coolio and releasing a cookbook . Ivey originally rose to fame as a member of the Gangsta rap group WC and the Maad Circle alongside WC and his brother , Crazy Toones ."}]}, {'value': 'Grammy Winning Rapper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grammy', 'summary': 'A Grammy Award ( stylized as GRAMMY , originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry . The trophy depicts a gilded gramophone . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . The Grammys are the second of the Big Three major music awards held annually ( between the American Music Awards in the Fall , and the Billboard Music Awards in the Summer ) , was held May 1 in 2019 . It is considered one of the four major annual American entertainment awards along with the Academy Awards ( film ) , the Emmy Awards ( television ) , and the Tony Awards ( theater and Broadway ) The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , the Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on January 26 , 2020 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': 'Guy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music Saves Lives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Music_Saves_Lives', 'summary': 'Music Saves Lives is a not for profit 501 ( c ) 3 organization and is listed in the IRS publication 78 . Established in January 2006 by founder Russel Hornbeek in Seal Beach , California . Music Saves Lives has educated students and encouraged over 250,000 summer blood donations from youth under the age of 25 . This organization has been honored by the American Red Cross Blood Services 6 years in a row for organizing the largest national collection of blood from youth ages 16-25 during the summer months of June , July and August . Music Saves Lives has attributed its record setting blood donor recruitment to reaching students in lifestyle music partnering . Each summer Music Saves Lives partners with the largest summer concert tour that has 17 years experience , the Vans Warped Tour . Young blood donors receive a music related incentive , such as a meet and greet with a notable band , music downloads , and backstage VIP passes distributed by the blood centers . Since 2007 the Gibson Guitar Corporation has teamed up with Music Saves Lives and donated several guitars to be designed by various artists ( Mike Oncley , Ryan Seaman , Cory Burke , Josh Kenyon , Colby Nichols , Andrew Holder , Sara Antoinette Martin , signed by bands ( Bad Religion , Pennywise , Coheed and Cambria , Reel Big Fish , NOFX , Bouncing Souls , Thrice , Katy Perry , Meg and Dia , Jacks Mannequin ) and then auctioned off to support the non-profit . In 2011 Music Saves Lives and Smorgasbord Productions created the first full-length animated public service announcement . This PSA animation featured the band 3oh ! 3 and the animated cast from Supa Pirate Booty Hunt and adult style cartoon featuring a booty loving pirate and his side kick Daniel the Turtle . The PSA animation entered the Burbank International Film Festival and won 7 film festival awards . In January 2012 , rapper Coolio represented Music Saves Lives in the Food Network reality series Rachael vs .'}]}, {'value': 'Runner-Up on January 29 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lou Diamond Phillips', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lou_Diamond_Phillips', 'summary': "Louis Diamond Phillips ( né Upchurch ; born February 17 , 1962 ) is a Filipino-American actor and film director . His breakthrough came when he starred as Ritchie Valens in the biographical drama film La Bamba ( 1987 ) . For the Academy Award-nominated Stand and Deliver ( 1988 ) , Phillips was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and won an Independent Spirit Award . He made his Broadway debut with the 1996 revival of The King and I , earning a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam . Phillips ' other notable films include Young Guns ( 1988 ) , Young Guns II ( 1990 ) , Courage Under Fire ( 1996 ) , The Big Hit ( 1998 ) , Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , Che ( 2008 ) , and The 33 ( 2015 ) . In the television series Longmire , he played a main character named Henry Standing Bear ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rachael', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No Kid Hungry', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner on January 29 , 2012', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season One -- Participating celebrities', 'section_text': "In the premiere episode , Guy & Rachael played `` roshambo '' to determine who would pick first for their teams . Guy won ( paper beating rock ) and chose first . Here are how the teams were chosen , and what charity each celebrity was supporting : [ 2 ]", 'uid': 'Rachael_vs._Guy:_Celebrity_Cook-Off_0', 'intro': 'Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off is an American cooking competition series that premiered on Food Network on January 1, 2012. The series pits Team Captains Rachael Ray and Guy Fieri against each other in determining who is the best cooking mentor toward their team of four celebrities. Each week, one celebrity will be eliminated, with the last star standing winning a $50,000.00 cash donation toward their charity. The series premiere earned 3.524 million viewers, and a rating of 1.1; it ranked 3rd overall in the cable ratings that night. The second season premiered on January 6, 2013, the third season on January 13, 2014.'}
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Which character voiced for the Lion King and has to be pretty funny for his job ?
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Cheech Marin
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0306a9a9a2012e7c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Wilson', 'title': 'Ruth Wilson', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Venue ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Good', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sound Theatre', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philistines', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tanya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyttelton Theatre / Royal National Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyttelton_Theatre', 'summary': "The Royal National Theatre in London , commonly known as the National Theatre ( NT ) , is one of the United Kingdom 's three most prominent publicly funded performing arts venues , alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House . Internationally , it is known as the National Theatre of Great Britain . From its foundation in 1963 until 1976 , the company was based at The Old Vic theatre in Waterloo . The current building is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of central London . In addition to performances at the National Theatre building , the National Theatre tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom . Permission to add the Royal prefix to the name of the theatre was given in 1988 , but the full title is rarely used . The theatre presents a varied programme , including Shakespeare , other international classic drama , and new plays by contemporary playwrights . Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire , thus further widening the number of plays which can be put on during any one season . In June 2009 , the theatre began National Theatre Live ( NT Live ) , a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas , first in the United Kingdom and then internationally . The programme began with a production of Phèdre , starring Helen Mirren , which was screened live in 70 cinemas across the UK . NT Live productions have since been broadcast to over 2,500 venues in 60 countries around the world . The NT had an annual turnover of approximately £105 million in 2015-16 , of which earned income made up 75% ( 58% from ticket sales , 5% from NT Live and Digital , and 12% from commercial revenue such as in the restaurants , bookshops , etc ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre', 'summary': "The Royal National Theatre in London , commonly known as the National Theatre ( NT ) , is one of the United Kingdom 's three most prominent publicly funded performing arts venues , alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House . Internationally , it is known as the National Theatre of Great Britain . From its foundation in 1963 until 1976 , the company was based at The Old Vic theatre in Waterloo . The current building is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of central London . In addition to performances at the National Theatre building , the National Theatre tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom . Permission to add the Royal prefix to the name of the theatre was given in 1988 , but the full title is rarely used . The theatre presents a varied programme , including Shakespeare , other international classic drama , and new plays by contemporary playwrights . Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire , thus further widening the number of plays which can be put on during any one season . In June 2009 , the theatre began National Theatre Live ( NT Live ) , a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas , first in the United Kingdom and then internationally . The programme began with a production of Phèdre , starring Helen Mirren , which was screened live in 70 cinemas across the UK . NT Live productions have since been broadcast to over 2,500 venues in 60 countries around the world . The NT had an annual turnover of approximately £105 million in 2015-16 , of which earned income made up 75% ( 58% from ticket sales , 5% from NT Live and Digital , and 12% from commercial revenue such as in the restaurants , bookshops , etc ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Streetcar Named Desire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(play)', 'summary': 'A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3 , 1947 . The play dramatises the life of Blanche DuBois , a Southern belle who , after encountering a series of personal losses , leaves her aristocratic background seeking refuge with her sister and brother-in-law in a dilapidated New Orleans apartment building . A Streetcar Named Desire , Williams most popular work , is considered to be one of the best and most critically successful plays of the 20th century . It still ranks among his most performed plays , and has inspired many adaptations in other forms , notably producing a critically acclaimed film that was released in 1951 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stella_Kowalski', 'summary': "Stella Kowalski ( née DuBois ) is one of the main characters in Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire . She is the younger sister of central character Blanche DuBois and wife of Stanley Kowalski ."}]}, {'value': 'Donmar Warehouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donmar_Warehouse', 'summary': 'The Donmar Warehouse is a 251-seat , not-for-profit theatre in Covent Garden , London , England . It first opened on 18 July 1977 . Sam Mendes , Michael Grandage and now Josie Rourke have all served as artistic director . The theatre has a diverse artistic policy that includes new writing , contemporary reappraisals of European classics , British and American drama and small-scale musical theatre . As well as presenting at least six productions a year at its home in Covent Garden , every year the Donmar tours one in-house production in the UK .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Through a Glass Darkly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Through_a_Glass_Darkly_(film)', 'summary': "Through a Glass Darkly ( Swedish : Såsom i en spegel , lit . 'As in a Mirror ' ) is a 1961 Swedish family drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , and starring Harriet Andersson , Gunnar Björnstrand , Max von Sydow and Lars Passgård . The film tells the story of a schizophrenic young woman ( Andersson ) vacationing with her family on a remote island , during which time her author father attempts to use her illness in his work , her brother experiences sexual frustration , and she experiences delusions about meeting God , who appears to her in the form of a monstrous spider . Bergman structured the film as a three-act play , drawing on his personal experiences and relationships . The film was his first of several shot on the island of Fårö , at the recommendation of cinematographer Sven Nykvist . The score incorporates the music of Johann Sebastian Bach . Themes explored include the equation of God with love , exploitation in art , psychosis , and sexuality . Through a Glass Darkly was released to positive reviews , specifically for Andersson 's performance , and won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . It was followed by Bergman 's thematically related 1963 films Winter Light and The Silence ."}]}, {'value': 'Karin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almeida Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almeida_Theatre', 'summary': 'The Almeida Theatre , opened in 1980 , is a 325-seat studio theatre with an international reputation , which takes its name from the street on which it is located , off Upper Street , in the London Borough of Islington . The theatre produces a diverse range of drama . Successful plays are often transferred to West End theatres .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Christie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Christie', 'summary': "Anna Christie is a play in four acts by Eugene O'Neill . It made its Broadway debut at the Vanderbilt Theatre on November 2 , 1921 . O'Neill received the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for this work ."}]}, {'value': 'Anna Christie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donmar Warehouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The El Train', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mrs Rowland , Rose', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoxton Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoxton_Hall', 'summary': "Hoxton Hall is a performance arts theatre and community centre in the Hoxton area of Shoreditch , at 130 Hoxton Street , in the London Borough of Hackney . A grade II* listed building , the theatre was first built as a Music hall in 1863 , as MacDonald 's Music hall . It is an unrestored example of the saloon-style . In the theatre , an iron-railed , two tier galleried auditorium rises on three sides , supported on cast iron columns , above a small , high , multi-tiered stage . It survives , largely in its original form , as for many years it was used as a Quaker meeting house . The music hall lost its performance licence in 1871 , due to complaints by the police ; it was sold , and the new owners applied for a licence in 1876 , but were again rejected . William Isaac Palmer ( 1824-1893 ) purchased it on behalf of the Blue Ribbon Gospel Temperance Mission in 1879 . Palmer was an heir to the Huntley and Palmer biscuit family and spent much of his fortune on charity . On Palmer 's death , the hall passed to the Bedford Institute , a Quaker organisation dedicated to running adult schools and alleviating the results of poverty . Today , the hall is used as a community centre and performance space ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Constellations', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Constellations_(play)', 'summary': 'Constellations is a two-hander play by the English playwright Nick Payne .'}]}, {'value': 'Marianne', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel J. Friedman Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_J._Friedman_Theatre', 'summary': 'The Samuel J. Friedman Theatre ( formerly the Biltmore Theatre ) is a Broadway theatre located at 261 West 47th Street in Midtown Manhattan , New York City .'}]}, {'value': '2016-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hedda Gabler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hedda_Gabler', 'summary': "Hedda Gabler ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈhɛ̂dːɑ ˈɡɑ̀ːblər ] ) is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen . Ibsen was present at the world premiere , which took place on 31 January 1891 at the Residenztheater in Munich . It is recognized as a classic of realism , nineteenth century theatre , and world drama . The title character , Hedda , is considered one of the great dramatic roles in theatre . Hedda 's married name is Hedda Tesman ; Gabler is her maiden name . On the subject of the title , Ibsen wrote : My intention in giving it this name was to indicate that Hedda as a personality is to be regarded rather as her father 's daughter than her husband 's wife ."}]}, {'value': 'Hedda Gabler', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal National Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre', 'summary': "The Royal National Theatre in London , commonly known as the National Theatre ( NT ) , is one of the United Kingdom 's three most prominent publicly funded performing arts venues , alongside the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Royal Opera House . Internationally , it is known as the National Theatre of Great Britain . From its foundation in 1963 until 1976 , the company was based at The Old Vic theatre in Waterloo . The current building is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of central London . In addition to performances at the National Theatre building , the National Theatre tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom . Permission to add the Royal prefix to the name of the theatre was given in 1988 , but the full title is rarely used . The theatre presents a varied programme , including Shakespeare , other international classic drama , and new plays by contemporary playwrights . Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire , thus further widening the number of plays which can be put on during any one season . In June 2009 , the theatre began National Theatre Live ( NT Live ) , a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas , first in the United Kingdom and then internationally . The programme began with a production of Phèdre , starring Helen Mirren , which was screened live in 70 cinemas across the UK . NT Live productions have since been broadcast to over 2,500 venues in 60 countries around the world . The NT had an annual turnover of approximately £105 million in 2015-16 , of which earned income made up 75% ( 58% from ticket sales , 5% from NT Live and Digital , and 12% from commercial revenue such as in the restaurants , bookshops , etc ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Lear', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Lear', 'summary': "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare . It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters , after they declare their love for him in an extremely fawning and obsequious manner . His third daughter gets nothing , because she will not flatter him as her sisters had done . When he feels disrespected by the two daughters who now have his wealth and power , he becomes furious to the point of madness . He eventually becomes tenderly reconciled to his third daughter , just before tragedy strikes her and then the king . Derived from the legend of Leir of Britain , a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king , the play has been widely adapted for the stage and motion pictures , with the title role coveted by many of the world 's most accomplished actors . The first attribution to Shakespeare of this play , originally drafted in 1605 or 1606 at the latest with its first known performance on St. Stephen 's Day in 1606 , was a 1608 publication in a quarto of uncertain provenance , in which the play is listed as a history ; it may be an early draft or simply reflect the first performance text . The Tragedy of King Lear , a revised version that is better tailored for performance , was included in the 1623 First Folio . Modern editors usually conflate the two , though some insist that each version has its own individual integrity that should be preserved . After the English Restoration , the play was often revised with a happy ending for audiences who disliked its dark and depressing tone , but since the 19th century Shakespeare 's original version has been regarded as one of his supreme achievements . The tragedy is noted for its probing observations on the nature of human suffering and kinship . George Bernard Shaw wrote No man will ever write a better tragedy than Lear ."}]}, {'value': 'Cordelia / Fool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cordelia_(King_Lear)', 'summary': "Cordelia is a fictional character in William Shakespeare 's tragic play King Lear . Cordelia is the youngest of King Lear 's three daughters , and his favourite . After her elderly father offers her the opportunity to profess her love to him in return for one third of the land in his kingdom , she refuses and is banished for the majority of the play ."}]}, {'value': 'Cort Theatre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cort_Theatre', 'summary': 'The Cort Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 138 West 48th Street in the Theater District of midtown Manhattan in New York City . It is owned by the Shubert Organization , the largest owner of Broadway theatres . The Cort Theatre was designated a New York City landmark on November 17 , 1987 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Theatre', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Ruth_Wilson_(actress)_2', 'intro': 'Ruth Wilson (born 13 January 1982) is an English actress. She is known for her performances in Suburban Shootout (2005), Jane Eyre (2006), as Alice Morgan in the BBC psychological crime drama Luther (2010-2013, 2019), as Alison Lockhart in the Showtime drama The Affair (2014-2018), as the titular character in Mrs Wilson (2018), and as Marisa Coulter in the BBC/HBO fantasy series His Dark Materials (2019-present). Her film credits include The Lone Ranger (2013), Saving Mr. Banks (2013), I Am the Pretty Thing That Lives in the House (2016), and Dark River (2017). Wilson is a three-time Olivier Award nominee and two-time winner, earning the Best Actress for the titular role in Anna Christie, and the Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Stella Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire. She has won a Golden Globe for her role in The Affair and received nominations for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama for the title role in Jane Eyre.'}
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What is the married name of the main character of the play in which Ruth Wilson played Hedda Gabler 6 years after playing Karin ?
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Hedda Tesman
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0307f2274960e7f6
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_MLS_All-Star_Game', 'title': '2005 MLS All-Star Game', 'header': ['Name', 'Position', 'Team', 'MLS Exp'], 'data': [{'value': 'Carlos Ruiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Ruiz_(Guatemalan_footballer)', 'summary': "Carlos Humberto Ruiz Gutiérrez ( born 15 September 1979 ) , initially nicknamed El Pescadito ( The Little Fish ) but gradually known as just Pescado or Fish ( even by Spanish-speakers ) , is a retired Guatemalan footballer . A product of CSD Municipal 's youth academy , Ruiz has played for five MLS clubs ( Los Angeles Galaxy , FC Dallas , Toronto FC , Philadelphia Union , and D.C. United ) , scoring 88 goals in 182 MLS regular-season matches and 16 goals in the post-season , which is the record for the most post-season goals in MLS history . In 2002 , he was named the MLS 's Most Valuable Player of the season . He was a member of the Guatemalan national team from 1998 to 2016 . He is regarded to be the greatest Guatemalan player of all time . He served as the national team captain , is the player with most caps , and is the all-time top scorer . He played in five World Cup qualification competitions , and in September 2016 he became the all-time top scorer in World Cup qualifiers , with 39 goals ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Johnson +', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Johnson_(American_soccer)', 'summary': "Edward Abraham Johnson ( born March 31 , 1984 ) is an American retired soccer player . Johnson played the majority of his fourteen-year club career in the U.S. with FC Dallas , Kansas City Wizards , Seattle Sounders FC , and D.C. United . Johnson also spent three-and-one-half years with several European clubs . Johnson also played for the United States men 's national soccer team from 2004 to 2014 , and was part of the U.S. squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup . At the time of his retirement , Johnson ranked eighth on the list of goal-scorers with 19 goals for the U.S. national team ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landon Donovan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landon_Donovan', 'summary': "Landon Timothy Donovan ( born March 4 , 1982 ) is an American retired professional soccer player who is currently the manager of USL Championship side San Diego Loyal SC . He holds numerous individual records in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and for the United States national team and is regarded as one of the greatest U.S. men 's soccer players of all time . A native of Southern California , Donovan was a member of the inaugural class of the U.S. Soccer youth residency program in Bradenton , Florida . He was named Player of the Tournament for his role in the United States under-17 squad that finished fourth in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship before signing with German club Bayer Leverkusen later that year . In 2005 , after six years with Leverkusen , the majority of which were spent on loan with the San Jose Earthquakes of MLS , Donovan moved back to the United States permanently to sign with the Los Angeles Galaxy . He later returned to Germany for a loan with Bayern Munich , and twice went on short loans to English Premier League club Everton in 2010 and 2012 . He retired as a player in 2014 , but made a brief comeback with LA Galaxy late in the 2016 season and then in 2018 to play for Club León . In MLS , Donovan won a record six MLS Cups and is the league 's all-time assists leader with 136 . The Major League Soccer MVP Award has been renamed the Landon Donovan MVP Award in his honor . For the United States men 's national team , Donovan is the all-time leader in assists and tied with Clint Dempsey as all-time leader in scoring , and is the second-most-capped player of his country . Donovan is the only American player to reach the 50 goals/50 assists mark . He is a four-time winner of the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year award ( the only man to do so and the first man to win in consecutive years ) , as well as the only seven-time winner of the Honda Player of the Year award ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LA_Galaxy', 'summary': "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clint Dempsey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clint_Dempsey', 'summary': "Clinton Drew Dempsey ( /ˈdɛmpsi/ ; born March 9 , 1983 ) is an American retired professional soccer player who played as a forward . During his career , he played in the Premier League for Fulham and Tottenham Hotspur , and in Major League Soccer for New England Revolution and Seattle Sounders FC . ESPN , FOX Sports , and NBC Sports have each ranked Dempsey as the greatest American soccer player in history . A native of Nacogdoches , Texas , Dempsey spent his youth career with the Dallas Texans before joining Furman University 's men 's soccer team in 2001 . In 2004 , Dempsey was drafted by the New England Revolution , where he scored 25 goals in 71 appearances . Between 2007 and 2012 , Dempsey played for Fulham in the Premier League , eventually becoming the club 's leading Premier League goalscorer . Dempsey also became the first American player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League during a 5-2 win against Newcastle United in 2012 . On August 31 , 2012 , Tottenham signed Dempsey for a fee of $ 9.6 million , then a record signing for an American . Dempsey scored 12 goals in one season with Tottenham , giving him 72 goals across all competitions for Premier League clubs - the most by an American in a top-tier European league . He was signed by the Seattle Sounders the following year and played 115 matches for the club , scoring 47 goals , and leading the club to win the 2014 Supporters ' Shield . During the 2016 season , Dempsey was diagnosed with an irregular heartbeat and missed the team 's run to the MLS Cup . Dempsey returned the following season and announced his retirement from professional soccer on August 29 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Brien", 'summary': "Ronnie O'Brien ( born 5 January 1979 ) is an Irish retired footballer . Although released early in his career by his first club Middlesbrough , he was subsequently signed by Juventus in 1999 . During three years with the Italian club , he played only occasionally for the first team and was loaned out to Lugano in Switzerland , lower division Italian clubs Crotone and Lecco , and Dundee United in Scotland . After leaving Juventus in 2002 , O'Brien spent the rest of his career playing in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) for FC Dallas , Toronto FC and San Jose Earthquakes before retiring in 2008 . He was named in the MLS Best XI in both 2004 and 2005 , and was selected for the MLS All-Star Game for four years running . O'Brien also represented the Republic of Ireland under-16 team and was part of the squad that won the 1998 Under-16 European Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amado Guevara +', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amado_Guevara', 'summary': 'Amado Guevara ( born 2 May 1976 ) is a Honduran former professional football player and manager . He was the coach of Puerto Rico from 2018 to 2019 . A former midfielder , he is the second all-time cap leader for the Honduran national team behind Maynor Figueroa . He was selected as the Best Player of the 2001 Copa América , held in Colombia .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MetroStars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MetroStars', 'summary': "The New York Red Bulls are an American professional soccer club based in Harrison , New Jersey . The Red Bulls compete as a member of the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established in October 1994 and began play in the league 's inaugural season in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey MetroStars . In 2006 , the team was sold to Red Bull GmbH and re-branded as part of the company 's global network of football clubs , leading to the team 's current name . The Red Bulls have played their home matches at Red Bull Arena since 2010 , having previously played at Giants Stadium . The club is one of two teams in MLS based in the New York metropolitan region along with New York City FC , which entered the league in 2015 . The two sides compete against each other in the Hudson River Derby . The team 's current head coach is former United States international midfielder Chris Armas . The Red Bulls have reached the MLS Cup final once in 2008 where they were defeated by the Columbus Crew . The club has won three regular season Supporters ' Shield titles in 2013 , 2015 and 2018 , and has also twice reached the final of the U.S. Open Cup in 2003 and 2017 , losing on both occasions ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shalrie Joseph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shalrie_Joseph', 'summary': 'Shalrie Jamal Joseph ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is a Grenadian former footballer who is currently the head coach of the Grenada national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Pope +', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Pope', 'summary': 'George Edward Pope ( born December 24 , 1973 ) is a retired American soccer player who last played for Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer and spent eleven years as a defender for the United States national team . He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame . Pope spent most of his career playing for D.C. United .'}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real Salt Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake', 'summary': "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greg Vanney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Vanney', 'summary': "Greg Vanney ( born June 11 , 1974 ) is an American former professional soccer player and current head coach of Toronto FC in MLS . A defender and one of MLS 's original players , he spent 10 seasons in the league and another three-and-a-half in the French First Division playing for Sporting Club de Bastia between 2002 and 2005 . He also earned 36 caps , scoring one goal , with the U.S. national team between 1996 and 2006 . In 2017 , as manager of Toronto FC , Vanney won the domestic treble , winning the MLS Cup , Supporters ' Shield and the Canadian Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy Conrad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Conrad', 'summary': "James P. Conrad ( born February 12 , 1977 ) is an American retired soccer player who played as a defender . During his 13-year MLS career , he was four-time MLS Best XI and the 2005 MLS Defender of the Year . He also earned 27 caps with the United States men 's national soccer team and went to the 2006 FIFA World Cup . After his playing career Conrad has worked in the media industry and currently stars on his YouTube channel Jimmy Conrad . He currently serves as the head coach of USL League Two side San Francisco Glens ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Wizards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Wizards', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Reis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Reis', 'summary': 'Matt Reis ( /riːs/ ; born March 28 , 1975 ) is an American former soccer player and coach who played as a goalkeeper . A long-time Major League Soccer mainstay , he has served as goalkeeper coach for LA Galaxy and the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Albright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Albright', 'summary': 'Christopher John Albright ( born January 14 , 1979 ) is a retired American soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LA_Galaxy', 'summary': "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Garlick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Garlick', 'summary': "Scott Garlick ( born May 29 , 1972 in Phoenix , Arizona ) is a retired American soccer goalkeeper who last played for Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer . Garlick went on trial to Waterford United in 1994 . Initially for a month he stayed for two seasons before returning home in the hope of signing for a MLS club . Garlick was not initially drafted by an MLS team ; instead , he signed with the Greensboro Dynamo of the USISL . D.C. United called him up early in the 1997 MLS season , and then signed him for good later in the year . Garlick promptly backstopped DC to the MLS Cup , but the emergence of Tom Presthus led United to trade Garlick to the Tampa Bay Mutiny prior to the 1999 season . Garlick spent two and a half seasons in Tampa , until he was traded to the Colorado Rapids in a deal that saw him packaged with Carlos Valderrama . He left Tampa as the team 's all-time leader in most goalkeeping categories . [ citation needed ] Garlick spent two and a half seasons with the Rapids as well , but the arrival of Joe Cannon and Scott 's subsequent controversial benching for the 2003 playoffs opened the door for his departure . He was traded to the Dallas Burn prior to the 2004 season . Although Garlick began the season as the starter , he lost his job to Jeff Cassar down the stretch . He was traded to Real Salt Lake at the conclusion of the 2005 season ."}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Gómez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Gómez', 'summary': 'Christian Gómez ( born November 7 , 1974 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine retired footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D.C. United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D.C._United', 'summary': "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington , D.C . The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the top level of professional American soccer . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS , winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena . United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters ' Shields , has four MLS Cups , and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times . It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters ' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively . On the international stage , D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup , making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament . Subsequently , United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil . This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club . The team 's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium , owned by the District of Columbia . The team moved into the new Audi Field , a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frankie Hejduk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankie_Hejduk', 'summary': 'Frank Daniel Frankie Hejduk ( born August 5 , 1974 ) is an American former soccer player who played as a wingback or midfielder . He also played as right back for the Columbus Crew , where he was team captain , and the United States national team . Hejduk serves as Brand Ambassador in the Crew front office .'}]}, {'value': 'M-D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus Crew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Crew', 'summary': "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Noonan +', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Noonan', 'summary': 'Pat Noonan ( born August 2 , 1980 in Ballwin , Missouri ) is a former American soccer player who currently serves as an assistant coach for the Philadelphia Union .'}]}, {'value': 'F-M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylor Twellman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Twellman', 'summary': "Taylor Twellman ( born February 29 , 1980 ) is a retired American international soccer player who played professionally from 1999 to 2009 . He now works in the media as a soccer television commentator . Twellman is best known for his play with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) from 2002 to 2009 , during which time he scored more goals in MLS than any other player . He was the youngest player to score 100 goals in MLS in 2009 at the age of 29 , and is New England 's all-time leading goal scorer . Twellman was a five-time MLS all-star and in 2005 was the league MVP . Twellman also earned 30 caps for the United States national team , scoring 6 international goals . Twellman has been active since his retirement in promoting awareness of concussions and working in the media . He currently works as a television analyst for ESPN ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simo Valakari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simo_Valakari', 'summary': 'Simo Johannes Valakari ( born 28 April 1973 ) is a Finnish football coach and former player who is currently the head coach of 1. divisjon club Tromsø .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Cunningham #', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Cunningham', 'summary': "Jeff Cunningham ( born August 21 , 1976 ) is an American soccer player . He is Major League Soccer 's third-all-time leader in regular-season goals scored with 134 ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado Rapids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Rapids', 'summary': "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Davis #', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Davis_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Bradley Joseph Brad Davis ( born November 8 , 1981 ) is a retired American soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2005 All-Star Rosters -- MLS All-Stars', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2005_MLS_All-Star_Game_0', 'intro': 'The 2005 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 10th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on July 30, 2005 at Columbus Crew Stadium, now known as Mapfre Stadium, in Columbus, Ohio between the MLS All-Stars and Fulham of England. The MLS All-Stars earned a 4-1 victory. Halftime entertainment was provided by Bowling for Soup.'}
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The 2005 All-Star player chosen from a team led by the Haslam family has since retired and currently performs what duty for his former team ?
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serves as Brand Ambassador in the Crew front office
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030808ce533cde20
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Living_National_Treasures_of_Japan_(performing_arts)', 'title': 'List of Living National Treasures of Japan (performing arts)', 'header': ['Name', 'Born', 'Category', 'Subcategory', 'Year Designated'], 'data': [{'value': 'Reibo Aoki ( 青木鈴慕 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Shakuhachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakuhachi', 'summary': 'The shakuhachi ( Japanese : 尺八、しゃくはち , pronounced [ ˌʃakʊˈhatʃi ] ) ( Chinese : 尺八 ; pinyin : chǐbā ) is a Japanese and ancient Chinese longitudinal , end-blown bamboo-flute . It was originally introduced from China into Japan in the 7th century and reached its peak in the Edo period . ( 17th-18th century ) . The oldest shakuhachi in Japan is currently stored in Shōsō-in , Nara . The shakuhachi introduced into Japan changed its form and scale many times after that , and the present shakuhachi was completed in the Edo period in the 17th century . The shakuhachi is traditionally made of bamboo , but versions now exist in ABS and hardwoods . It was used by the monks of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism in the practice of suizen ( 吹禅 , blowing meditation ) . The instrument is tuned to the minor pentatonic scale .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hōzan Yamamoto II ( 二代目山本邦山 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hōzan_Yamamoto', 'summary': "Hōzan Yamamoto ( 山本 邦山 , Yamamoto Hōzan ; October 6 , 1937 - February 10 , 2014 in Ōtsu , Shiga prefecture ) was a Japanese shakuhachi player , composer and lecturer . Yamamoto started playing the Japanese bamboo flute shakuhachi from the age of nine . He was initially taught by his father and then by Chozan Nakanishi . After graduating from Kyoto Junior College of Foreign Studies in 1958 , he participated in UNESCO 's World Folk music Festival and graduated from Seiha Music College in 1962 . Together with kotoplayer Shinichi Yuize and Tony Scott he recorded the album Music for Zen Meditation in February 1964 . After formation with Reibo Aoki and Katsuya Yokoyama of the widely acclaimed Shakuhachi Sanbon Kai trio in 1966 , he electrified the conservative traditional scene by applying his talents to a variety of crossover collaborations . These have led him to work with such world-renowned musicians as Ravi Shankar , Helen Merrill , Gary Peacock and Karl Berger , but also with flute colleagues Jean-Pierre Rampal and Chris Hinze . In 1980 he was invited to the renowned Donaueschingen music festival with his trio . He recorded the music to the Samurai Reincarnation film and the album Masters of Zen : Shakuhachi & Organ ( together with Wolfgang Mitterer at the organ ) which he composed for his instrument . Through the 1970s and 1980s to the present he has led the shakuhachi world receiving innumerable honors , including Japanese Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Education Ministerial awards for his performances , recordings ( numbering in the hundreds ) and compositions . He served as lecturer at the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music and as head of the Hozan-kai Shakuhachi Guild . In 2002 he became designated Living National Treasure of Japan ."}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Shakuhachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakuhachi', 'summary': 'The shakuhachi ( Japanese : 尺八、しゃくはち , pronounced [ ˌʃakʊˈhatʃi ] ) ( Chinese : 尺八 ; pinyin : chǐbā ) is a Japanese and ancient Chinese longitudinal , end-blown bamboo-flute . It was originally introduced from China into Japan in the 7th century and reached its peak in the Edo period . ( 17th-18th century ) . The oldest shakuhachi in Japan is currently stored in Shōsō-in , Nara . The shakuhachi introduced into Japan changed its form and scale many times after that , and the present shakuhachi was completed in the Edo period in the 17th century . The shakuhachi is traditionally made of bamboo , but versions now exist in ABS and hardwoods . It was used by the monks of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism in the practice of suizen ( 吹禅 , blowing meditation ) . The instrument is tuned to the minor pentatonic scale .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shōin Yamase ( 山勢松韻 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Koto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koto_(musical_instrument)', 'summary': 'The koto ( 箏 ) is a Japanese stringed musical instrument derived from the Chinese zheng , and similar to the Mongolian yatga , the Korean gayageum , the Vietnamese đàn tranh , and the Sundanese kacapi . The koto is the national instrument of Japan . Koto are about 180 centimetres ( 71 in ) length , and made from kiri wood ( Paulownia tomentosa ) . They have 13 strings that are usually strung over 13 movable bridges along the width of the instrument . There is also a 17-string variant . Players can adjust the string pitches by moving the white bridges before playing . To play the instrument , the strings are plucked using three finger picks ( thumb , index finger , and middle finger ) .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fumiko Yonekawa II ( 二代目米川文子 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Koto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koto_(musical_instrument)', 'summary': 'The koto ( 箏 ) is a Japanese stringed musical instrument derived from the Chinese zheng , and similar to the Mongolian yatga , the Korean gayageum , the Vietnamese đàn tranh , and the Sundanese kacapi . The koto is the national instrument of Japan . Koto are about 180 centimetres ( 71 in ) length , and made from kiri wood ( Paulownia tomentosa ) . They have 13 strings that are usually strung over 13 movable bridges along the width of the instrument . There is also a 17-string variant . Players can adjust the string pitches by moving the white bridges before playing . To play the instrument , the strings are plucked using three finger picks ( thumb , index finger , and middle finger ) .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kisaburō Kineya XV ( 十五代目杵屋喜三郎 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1923', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Nagauta ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagauta', 'summary': 'Nagauta ( 長唄 ) , literally long song , is a kind of traditional Japanese music which accompanies the kabuki theater . It was developed around 1740 . Influences included the vocal yōkyoku style used in noh theater , and instruments included the shamisen and various kinds of drums . The shamisen , a plucked lute with three strings , is a very popular instrument in nagauta . Nagauta performers generally play the shamisen and sing simultaneously . Nagauta is the basis of the Nagauta Symphony , a symphony in one movement composed in 1934 by composer Kosaku Yamada . Meriyasu is considered a subset of nagauta .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tetsuo Miyada ( 宮田哲男 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Nagauta ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagauta', 'summary': 'Nagauta ( 長唄 ) , literally long song , is a kind of traditional Japanese music which accompanies the kabuki theater . It was developed around 1740 . Influences included the vocal yōkyoku style used in noh theater , and instruments included the shamisen and various kinds of drums . The shamisen , a plucked lute with three strings , is a very popular instrument in nagauta . Nagauta performers generally play the shamisen and sing simultaneously . Nagauta is the basis of the Nagauta Symphony , a symphony in one movement composed in 1934 by composer Kosaku Yamada . Meriyasu is considered a subset of nagauta .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masatarō Imafuji ( 今藤政太郎 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Nagauta ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagauta', 'summary': 'Nagauta ( 長唄 ) , literally long song , is a kind of traditional Japanese music which accompanies the kabuki theater . It was developed around 1740 . Influences included the vocal yōkyoku style used in noh theater , and instruments included the shamisen and various kinds of drums . The shamisen , a plucked lute with three strings , is a very popular instrument in nagauta . Nagauta performers generally play the shamisen and sing simultaneously . Nagauta is the basis of the Nagauta Symphony , a symphony in one movement composed in 1934 by composer Kosaku Yamada . Meriyasu is considered a subset of nagauta .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kisaku Katada III ( 三代目堅田喜三久 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Nagauta ( Narimono )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagauta', 'summary': 'Nagauta ( 長唄 ) , literally long song , is a kind of traditional Japanese music which accompanies the kabuki theater . It was developed around 1740 . Influences included the vocal yōkyoku style used in noh theater , and instruments included the shamisen and various kinds of drums . The shamisen , a plucked lute with three strings , is a very popular instrument in nagauta . Nagauta performers generally play the shamisen and sing simultaneously . Nagauta is the basis of the Nagauta Symphony , a symphony in one movement composed in 1934 by composer Kosaku Yamada . Meriyasu is considered a subset of nagauta .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Komanosuke Takemoto ( 竹本駒之助 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Gidayūbushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tomoji Tsuruzawa ( 鶴沢友路 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Gidayūbushi ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shibun Uji VII ( 七代目宇治紫文 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Icchūbushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bunchō Uji ( 宇治文蝶 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Icchūbushi ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Setsuko Yamabiko ( 山彦節子 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1920', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Katōbushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senko Yamabiko ( 山彦千子 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Katōbushi ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senroku Miyazono II ( 二代目宮園千碌 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Miyazonobushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wakasanojō Tsuruga 11 ( 三代目鶴賀若狭掾 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Shinnaibushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nakasaburō Shinnai ( 新内仲三郎 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Shinnaibushi ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ichihadayū Tokiwazu ( 常磐津一巴太夫 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokiwazubushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eiju Tokiwazu ( 常磐津英寿 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokiwazubushi ( Shamisen )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eijudayū Kiyomoto ( 清元清寿太夫 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_Music', 'summary': "Traditional Japanese music or 邦楽 ( hōgaku ) , meaning literally ( home ) country music ( as opposed to 洋楽 ( yōgaku ) - Western music ) is the folk or traditional music of Japan . Japan 's Ministry of Education classifies Hōgaku as a category separate from other traditional forms of music , such as Gagaku ( court music ) or Shōmyō ( Buddhist chanting ) , but most ethnomusicologists view Hōgaku , in a broad sense , as the form from which the others were derived . Outside of ethnomusicology , however , Hōgaku usually refers to Japanese music from around the 17th to the mid-19th century . Within this framework , there are three types of traditional music in Japan : theatrical , court music ( called gagaku ) , and instrumental ."}]}, {'value': 'Kiyomotobushi ( Vocals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jōruri_(music)', 'summary': 'Jōruri ( 浄瑠璃 ) is a form of traditional Japanese narrative music in which a tayū ( 太夫 ) sings to the accompaniment of a shamisen . As a form of storytelling , the emphasis is on the lyrics and narration rather than the music itself . According to Asai Ryōi , the first to have ever employed the shamisen during his storytelling instead of the biwa was chanter Sawazumi . The story he narrated on that occasion was Jōruri Jū-ni-dan zōshi , one of the many existing versions of the Jōruri Monogatari , which tells the tale of the tragic love between Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Jōruri-hime . Following this event , every tale sung to the accompaniment of a shamisen is associated with Jōruri .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of Current Designated Individuals ( Performing Arts ) -- Music', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Living_National_Treasures_of_Japan_(performing_arts)_4', 'intro': 'The List of Living National Treasures of Japan (performing arts) contains all the individuals and groups certified as Living National Treasures by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the government of Japan in the category of the performing arts (芸能, geinō). The performing arts are divided into eight categories: Gagaku, Noh, Bunraku, Kabuki, Kumi Odori, Music, Dance, and Drama. The categories are subdivided into a number of subcategories, usually by role or instrument. Those working in the performing arts are eligible for recognition either individually (Individual Certification) or as part of a group (General Certification).'}
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How many strings are on the instrument that was used by a musician born in 1926 ?
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13 strings
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03086a04ec0d2f7b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Aerobic_Gymnastics_World_Championships', 'title': '2004 Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Country', 'Point'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angela McMillan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': '19.850', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giovanna Lecis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '19.400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mihaela Pohoata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mihaela_Pohoata', 'summary': 'Mihaela Pohoaţă ( born 28 October 1981 in Fălticeni , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . During her career she won five world championships medals ( three gold and two bronze ) and three European championships gold medals . She is a two time world bronze medalist on the individual event .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '19.400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ana Maçanita', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '19.100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Izabela Lăcătuș', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Izabela_Lăcătuș', 'summary': 'Izabela Daniela Lăcătuş ( born October 2 , 1976 , in Bucharest , Romania ) is a retired Romanian artistic and aerobic gymnast . She was an alternate to the artistic gymnastics team at the 1992 Olympics . After retiring from artistic gymnastics she had a career in aerobic gymnastics , winning 16 world and continental medals including the 2000 individual world title .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '19.050', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludmila Kovatcheva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '18.850', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elmira Dassaeva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '18.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuriko Ito', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '18.500', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Results -- Women 's Individual", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2004_Aerobic_Gymnastics_World_Championships_0', 'intro': 'The 8th Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria from June 3 to June 5, 2004.'}
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How many people live in the nation where Giovanna Lecis is from ?
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60 million
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0309548b06315906
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_(company)', 'title': 'Prototype (company)', 'header': ['Title', 'Developer ( s )', 'Platform ( s )', 'Original release', 'Region ( s ) released'], 'data': [{'value': 'Hanakisō', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HaccaWorks*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 6 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Planetarian : The Reverie of a Little Planet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Planetarian:_The_Reverie_of_a_Little_Planet', 'summary': "Planetarian : The Reverie of a Little Planet ( planetarian ～ちいさなほしのゆめ～ , Planetarian : Chiisana Hoshi no Yume ) is a Japanese post-apocalyptic visual novel developed by Key , a brand of VisualArt 's whose previous works include Kanon and Air . It was released over the Internet on November 29 , 2004 for Windows , and is rated for all ages . The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) , PlayStation Portable and Nintendo Switch , as well as mobile devices . The story centers on a man who comes across a malfunctioning robot in a dead city . The man , known simply as the junker , stays with this robot for a time and attempts to fix the projector of the planetarium where the story takes place . Key defines Planetarian as a kinetic novel , since its gameplay offers no choices or alternate endings . Instead , the player proceeds through the story solely by reading . The story is written by Yūichi Suzumoto and character design is produced by Eeji Komatsu . The game 's soundtrack was composed and arranged by Key 's signature composers Magome Togoshi and Shinji Orito . A light novel of short stories set in the world of Planetarian was released in April 2006 , and three audio dramas have also been produced . David Production produced a five-episode original net animation series and an anime film in 2016 . Planetarian 's story , artwork and music have been praised , and the PS2 version ranked first for console games in terms of satisfaction in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 24 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tomoyo_After:_It's_a_Wonderful_Life", 'summary': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life ( 智代アフター ～It 's a Wonderful Life～ , Tomoyo Afutā ~It 's a Wonderful Life~ ) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on November 25 , 2005 for Windows PCs . The game is a spin-off of Key 's earlier all ages game Clannad . Key later released versions of Tomoyo After without the erotic content , and the game was ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition ; CS stands for consumer software . The story follows the lives of Tomoya Okazaki , a young man who recently graduated from high school , and his close friend Tomoyo Sakagami as they start to see more of each other in a romantic relationship . The gameplay in Tomoyo After follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction , and focuses on the appeal of the title character Tomoyo . Being a spin-off of Clannad , where Tomoyo is one of the game 's heroines , Tomoyo After provides an expansion of Tomoyo 's story after the events of Clannad and is written by Jun Maeda and Leo Kashida . The art was done by Fumio , as opposed to Itaru Hinoue who had done the art in Clannad . The game ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of its release , and charted in the national top 50 twice more afterwards . A manga adaptation illustrated by Yukiko Sumiyoshi , under the title Tomoyo After : Dear Shining Memories , was serialized in Fujimi Shobo 's Dragon Age Pure in 2007 . Unlike the game which is told from Tomoya 's point of view , the manga is told from Tomoyo 's perspective . A single tankōbon volume was released in Japan in December 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'January 25 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinkyoku_Sōkai_Polyphonica', 'summary': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica ( 神曲奏界ポリフォニカ ) , also known as simply Polyphonica , is an all-age Japanese visual novel created by Ocelot and first released for Windows on April 28 , 2006 . Aside from the game , multiple series of light novels have been created , and a manga adaptation started in March 2007 . An anime adaptation that aired in Japan between April to June 2007 . Another anime adaption aired from April to June 2009 , and was a prequel of the events in the first anime . The original game , the Crimson series , will start its second installment , covering the third and fourth story. [ timeframe ? ] The Black and White Polyphonica series were adapted from a printed novel to visual novel media in spring 2007 , respectively titled Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica THE BLACK and Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica Memories White .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocelot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 26 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arabians Lost : The Engagement on Desert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arabians_Lost:_The_Engagement_on_Desert', 'summary': 'Arabians Lost : The Engagement on Desert ( アラビアンズ・ロスト ～The engagement on desert～ ) is a Japanese female-oriented romance adventure otome game developed by QuinRose . It has been released in Japan for three different consoles . The PC version was released by QuinRose on August 8 , 2006 . [ citation needed ] Later , the PlayStation 2 version was released by Prototype on September 18 , 2007 . It was also released for the Nintendo DS by Prototype in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Quin Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quin_Rose', 'summary': "QuinRose ( クインロゼ , Kuinroze ) is a Japanese games developer specialising in otome games for Windows and consoles such as the PlayStation Portable . The company also produces drama CDs , manga , light novels , and other merchandise based on their games . On September 25 , 2015 , Quinrose 's parent company Artmove officially suspended business . Alleged reasons were the decline in sales due to the growing competitiveness in the marketplace , the growth of mobile games , and other factors . All games produced by Quinrose have ceased distribution since its business suspension ."}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 11 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica : 3 & 4-wa Kanketsuhen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinkyoku_Sōkai_Polyphonica', 'summary': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica ( 神曲奏界ポリフォニカ ) , also known as simply Polyphonica , is an all-age Japanese visual novel created by Ocelot and first released for Windows on April 28 , 2006 . Aside from the game , multiple series of light novels have been created , and a manga adaptation started in March 2007 . An anime adaptation that aired in Japan between April to June 2007 . Another anime adaption aired from April to June 2009 , and was a prequel of the events in the first anime . The original game , the Crimson series , will start its second installment , covering the third and fourth story. [ timeframe ? ] The Black and White Polyphonica series were adapted from a printed novel to visual novel media in spring 2007 , respectively titled Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica THE BLACK and Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica Memories White .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocelot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 27 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clannad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clannad_(visual_novel)', 'summary': "Clannad ( クラナド , Kuranado ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key and released on April 28 , 2004 for Windows PCs . While both of Key 's first two previous works , Kanon and Air , had been released first as adult games and then censored for the younger market , Clannad was released with a rating for all ages . It was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch consoles . An English version for Windows was released on Steam by Sekai Project in 2015 . The story follows the life of Tomoya Okazaki , an average high school student who meets many people in his last year at school , including five girls , and helps resolve their individual problems . The gameplay of Clannad follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction , and focuses on the appeal of the five female main characters by the player character . The game was ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of its release , and charted in the national top 50 several more times afterwards . Key went on to produce an adult spin-off titled Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life in November 2005 , which expanded on the scenario of Tomoyo Sakagami , one of the five heroines from Clannad . Clannad has made several transitions to other media . There have been four manga adaptations published by ASCII Media Works , Flex Comix , Fujimi Shobo and Jive . Comic anthologies , light novels and art books have also been published , as have audio dramas and several albums of music . An animated film by Toei Animation was released in September 2007 , followed by two anime series including two original video animation ( OVA ) episodes by Kyoto Animation produced between 2007 and 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 28 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piyotan : Oyashiki Sennyū Taisakusen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 28 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart no Kuni no Alice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_in_the_Country_of_Hearts', 'summary': "Alice in the Country of Hearts ( ハートの国のアリス～Wonderful Wonder World～ , Hāto no Kuni no Arisu ~Wandafuru Wandā Wārudo~ ) is a Japanese female-oriented visual novel developed by Quin Rose . The game is a re-imagining of Lewis Carroll 's classic Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . There were multiple sequel games , as well as multiple manga series , licensed in North America originally by Tokyopop and later by Yen Press and Seven Seas Entertainment . An original video animation adaptation was announced for release in November 2008 , but was later delayed . An anime film adaptation produced by Asahi Production was released in Japanese theaters in July 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Quin Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quin_Rose', 'summary': "QuinRose ( クインロゼ , Kuinroze ) is a Japanese games developer specialising in otome games for Windows and consoles such as the PlayStation Portable . The company also produces drama CDs , manga , light novels , and other merchandise based on their games . On September 25 , 2015 , Quinrose 's parent company Artmove officially suspended business . Alleged reasons were the decline in sales due to the growing competitiveness in the marketplace , the growth of mobile games , and other factors . All games produced by Quinrose have ceased distribution since its business suspension ."}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 18 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica : The Black', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinkyoku_Sōkai_Polyphonica', 'summary': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica ( 神曲奏界ポリフォニカ ) , also known as simply Polyphonica , is an all-age Japanese visual novel created by Ocelot and first released for Windows on April 28 , 2006 . Aside from the game , multiple series of light novels have been created , and a manga adaptation started in March 2007 . An anime adaptation that aired in Japan between April to June 2007 . Another anime adaption aired from April to June 2009 , and was a prequel of the events in the first anime . The original game , the Crimson series , will start its second installment , covering the third and fourth story. [ timeframe ? ] The Black and White Polyphonica series were adapted from a printed novel to visual novel media in spring 2007 , respectively titled Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica THE BLACK and Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica Memories White .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocelot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'January 15 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Time Leap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Time_Leap', 'summary': "Time Leap ( タイムリープ , Taimu Rīpu ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Front Wing . It was first released as an adult game for Windows on December 27 , 2007 , and it was followed by an all-ages version release for the Xbox 360 on June 25 , 2009 . Time Leap is Front Wing 's thirteenth title , along with previous titles such as Megachu ! . The game is Front Wing 's first title to feature 3D computer graphics , as well as utilizes anti-aliasing and HDR rendering technologies . The gameplay in Time Leap follows a linear plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios and courses of interaction and focuses on the appeal of the five female main characters ."}]}, {'value': 'Front Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Front_Wing', 'summary': "Frontwing Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社フロントウイング , Kabushikigaisha Furonto Uingu ) is a Japanese visual novel studio that specializes in the production of adult visual novels . Its main office is located in Taito City , Tokyo . The representative producer and president is Ryūichirō Yamakawa . Frontwing is the companys main brand , but it has also released games under affiliated brands Survive ( サヴァイブ ) , Hotchkiss ( ホチキス ) , and b-wing . These brands have all since merged to become Frontwing . Frontwings games cover a diverse range of genres , from school love life stories to hardcore adult games , and also games that utilize 3D computer graphics . The 3D content production team , Polygon Mura ( ポリゴン村 ) , is closely involved in the games production by seeking ways to incorporate 3D graphics into essentially 2D projects . Several of their games , originally produced for PC , have been ported to consoles . The development of the ported versions is generally done in-house . The company is also active in many other fields , including the development of the dance 3D software Dance X Mixer , taking part in the bi-annual Comic Market , and Niconico live broadcasts . Since the company 's founding in 1999 as a bishōjo games developer and the release of Frontwing 's first title , Canary ( Canaria : Kono Omoi o Uta ni Nosete ) in August 2000 , it has published over 20 titles in the visual novel genre . The studios flagship games include the Netherworld Angel Djibril series , and the Grisaia trilogy which spawned an animated series in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Busters ! Converted Edition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Busters!', 'summary': "Little Busters ! ( リトルバスターズ ! , Ritoru Basutāzu ! ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key . It was released on July 27 , 2007 for Windows PCs and is rated for all ages . Little Busters ! is Key 's sixth game , along with other titles such as Kanon , Air , and Clannad . An adult version of the game titled Little Busters ! Ecstasy was released on July 25 , 2008 for Windows , unlike Kanon and Air , which were first released with adult content and then had later versions with such content removed . Ecstasy was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation 3 , and Nintendo Switch with the adult content removed under the title Little Busters ! Converted Edition . An English version for Windows was released on Steam in 2017 . The story follows the life of Riki Naoe , a high school student who has been a member of a group of friends named the Little Busters since childhood ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 24 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clover no Kuni no Alice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_in_the_Country_of_Hearts', 'summary': "Alice in the Country of Hearts ( ハートの国のアリス～Wonderful Wonder World～ , Hāto no Kuni no Arisu ~Wandafuru Wandā Wārudo~ ) is a Japanese female-oriented visual novel developed by Quin Rose . The game is a re-imagining of Lewis Carroll 's classic Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . There were multiple sequel games , as well as multiple manga series , licensed in North America originally by Tokyopop and later by Yen Press and Seven Seas Entertainment . An original video animation adaptation was announced for release in November 2008 , but was later delayed . An anime film adaptation produced by Asahi Production was released in Japanese theaters in July 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Quin Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quin_Rose', 'summary': "QuinRose ( クインロゼ , Kuinroze ) is a Japanese games developer specialising in otome games for Windows and consoles such as the PlayStation Portable . The company also produces drama CDs , manga , light novels , and other merchandise based on their games . On September 25 , 2015 , Quinrose 's parent company Artmove officially suspended business . Alleged reasons were the decline in sales due to the growing competitiveness in the marketplace , the growth of mobile games , and other factors . All games produced by Quinrose have ceased distribution since its business suspension ."}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 15 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tomoyo_After:_It's_a_Wonderful_Life", 'summary': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life ( 智代アフター ～It 's a Wonderful Life～ , Tomoyo Afutā ~It 's a Wonderful Life~ ) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on November 25 , 2005 for Windows PCs . The game is a spin-off of Key 's earlier all ages game Clannad . Key later released versions of Tomoyo After without the erotic content , and the game was ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition ; CS stands for consumer software . The story follows the lives of Tomoya Okazaki , a young man who recently graduated from high school , and his close friend Tomoyo Sakagami as they start to see more of each other in a romantic relationship . The gameplay in Tomoyo After follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction , and focuses on the appeal of the title character Tomoyo . Being a spin-off of Clannad , where Tomoyo is one of the game 's heroines , Tomoyo After provides an expansion of Tomoyo 's story after the events of Clannad and is written by Jun Maeda and Leo Kashida . The art was done by Fumio , as opposed to Itaru Hinoue who had done the art in Clannad . The game ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of its release , and charted in the national top 50 twice more afterwards . A manga adaptation illustrated by Yukiko Sumiyoshi , under the title Tomoyo After : Dear Shining Memories , was serialized in Fujimi Shobo 's Dragon Age Pure in 2007 . Unlike the game which is told from Tomoya 's point of view , the manga is told from Tomoyo 's perspective . A single tankōbon volume was released in Japan in December 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 22 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica : After School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinkyoku_Sōkai_Polyphonica', 'summary': 'Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica ( 神曲奏界ポリフォニカ ) , also known as simply Polyphonica , is an all-age Japanese visual novel created by Ocelot and first released for Windows on April 28 , 2006 . Aside from the game , multiple series of light novels have been created , and a manga adaptation started in March 2007 . An anime adaptation that aired in Japan between April to June 2007 . Another anime adaption aired from April to June 2009 , and was a prequel of the events in the first anime . The original game , the Crimson series , will start its second installment , covering the third and fourth story. [ timeframe ? ] The Black and White Polyphonica series were adapted from a printed novel to visual novel media in spring 2007 , respectively titled Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica THE BLACK and Shinkyoku Sōkai Polyphonica Memories White .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocelot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 11 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clannad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clannad_(visual_novel)', 'summary': "Clannad ( クラナド , Kuranado ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key and released on April 28 , 2004 for Windows PCs . While both of Key 's first two previous works , Kanon and Air , had been released first as adult games and then censored for the younger market , Clannad was released with a rating for all ages . It was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch consoles . An English version for Windows was released on Steam by Sekai Project in 2015 . The story follows the life of Tomoya Okazaki , an average high school student who meets many people in his last year at school , including five girls , and helps resolve their individual problems . The gameplay of Clannad follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction , and focuses on the appeal of the five female main characters by the player character . The game was ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of its release , and charted in the national top 50 several more times afterwards . Key went on to produce an adult spin-off titled Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life in November 2005 , which expanded on the scenario of Tomoyo Sakagami , one of the five heroines from Clannad . Clannad has made several transitions to other media . There have been four manga adaptations published by ASCII Media Works , Flex Comix , Fujimi Shobo and Jive . Comic anthologies , light novels and art books have also been published , as have audio dramas and several albums of music . An animated film by Toei Animation was released in September 2007 , followed by two anime series including two original video animation ( OVA ) episodes by Kyoto Animation produced between 2007 and 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': 'April 21 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sangoku Koi Senki : Otome no Heihō !', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daisy2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Time Leap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Time_Leap', 'summary': "Time Leap ( タイムリープ , Taimu Rīpu ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Front Wing . It was first released as an adult game for Windows on December 27 , 2007 , and it was followed by an all-ages version release for the Xbox 360 on June 25 , 2009 . Time Leap is Front Wing 's thirteenth title , along with previous titles such as Megachu ! . The game is Front Wing 's first title to feature 3D computer graphics , as well as utilizes anti-aliasing and HDR rendering technologies . The gameplay in Time Leap follows a linear plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios and courses of interaction and focuses on the appeal of the five female main characters ."}]}, {'value': 'Front Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Front_Wing', 'summary': "Frontwing Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社フロントウイング , Kabushikigaisha Furonto Uingu ) is a Japanese visual novel studio that specializes in the production of adult visual novels . Its main office is located in Taito City , Tokyo . The representative producer and president is Ryūichirō Yamakawa . Frontwing is the companys main brand , but it has also released games under affiliated brands Survive ( サヴァイブ ) , Hotchkiss ( ホチキス ) , and b-wing . These brands have all since merged to become Frontwing . Frontwings games cover a diverse range of genres , from school love life stories to hardcore adult games , and also games that utilize 3D computer graphics . The 3D content production team , Polygon Mura ( ポリゴン村 ) , is closely involved in the games production by seeking ways to incorporate 3D graphics into essentially 2D projects . Several of their games , originally produced for PC , have been ported to consoles . The development of the ported versions is generally done in-house . The company is also active in many other fields , including the development of the dance 3D software Dance X Mixer , taking part in the bi-annual Comic Market , and Niconico live broadcasts . Since the company 's founding in 1999 as a bishōjo games developer and the release of Frontwing 's first title , Canary ( Canaria : Kono Omoi o Uta ni Nosete ) in August 2000 , it has published over 20 titles in the visual novel genre . The studios flagship games include the Netherworld Angel Djibril series , and the Grisaia trilogy which spawned an animated series in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': 'January 12 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tomoyo_After:_It's_a_Wonderful_Life", 'summary': "Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life ( 智代アフター ～It 's a Wonderful Life～ , Tomoyo Afutā ~It 's a Wonderful Life~ ) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on November 25 , 2005 for Windows PCs . The game is a spin-off of Key 's earlier all ages game Clannad . Key later released versions of Tomoyo After without the erotic content , and the game was ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title Tomoyo After : It 's a Wonderful Life CS Edition ; CS stands for consumer software . The story follows the lives of Tomoya Okazaki , a young man who recently graduated from high school , and his close friend Tomoyo Sakagami as they start to see more of each other in a romantic relationship . The gameplay in Tomoyo After follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction , and focuses on the appeal of the title character Tomoyo . Being a spin-off of Clannad , where Tomoyo is one of the game 's heroines , Tomoyo After provides an expansion of Tomoyo 's story after the events of Clannad and is written by Jun Maeda and Leo Kashida . The art was done by Fumio , as opposed to Itaru Hinoue who had done the art in Clannad . The game ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of its release , and charted in the national top 50 twice more afterwards . A manga adaptation illustrated by Yukiko Sumiyoshi , under the title Tomoyo After : Dear Shining Memories , was serialized in Fujimi Shobo 's Dragon Age Pure in 2007 . Unlike the game which is told from Tomoya 's point of view , the manga is told from Tomoyo 's perspective . A single tankōbon volume was released in Japan in December 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': 'July 29 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Busters ! Converted Edition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Busters!', 'summary': "Little Busters ! ( リトルバスターズ ! , Ritoru Basutāzu ! ) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key . It was released on July 27 , 2007 for Windows PCs and is rated for all ages . Little Busters ! is Key 's sixth game , along with other titles such as Kanon , Air , and Clannad . An adult version of the game titled Little Busters ! Ecstasy was released on July 25 , 2008 for Windows , unlike Kanon and Air , which were first released with adult content and then had later versions with such content removed . Ecstasy was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , PlayStation 3 , and Nintendo Switch with the adult content removed under the title Little Busters ! Converted Edition . An English version for Windows was released on Steam in 2017 . The story follows the life of Riki Naoe , a high school student who has been a member of a group of friends named the Little Busters since childhood ."}]}, {'value': 'Key', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_(company)', 'summary': "Key is a Japanese visual novel studio which formed on July 21 , 1998 as a brand under the publisher Visual Arts and is located in Kita , Osaka . Key 's debut visual novel Kanon ( 1999 ) combined an elaborate storyline , up-to-date anime-style art , and a musical score which helped to set the mood for the game . Key 's second game Air ( 2000 ) had a similar if not more complex storyline to Kanon and a more thorough gameplay . Both Kanon and Air were originally produced as adult games , but Key broke this trend with their third title Clannad ( 2004 ) released for all ages . Key has worked in the past with Interchannel and Prototype for the consumer port releases of the brand 's games . Key collaborated with P.A . Works and Aniplex to produce the anime series Angel Beats ! ( 2010 ) and Charlotte ( 2015 ) . Key has released 13 games , the latest being the visual novel Summer Pockets in 2018 . An expanded version of Summer Pockets titled Summer Pockets Reflection Blue will be released in 2020 . Co-founder Jun Maeda is a prominent figure in the brand , having contributed to the planning , scenario , and music composition in the majority of Key 's visual novels . Na-Ga , Key 's main artist , mainly worked with background art in earlier games , but with Key 's sixth game Little Busters !"}]}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': 'March 20 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JP', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Games published -- Console games', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Prototype_(company)_0', 'intro': "Prototype Ltd. (株式会社プロトタイプ, Kabushiki kaisha Purototaipu) is a Japanese software company established on March 27, 2006 by Toshio Tabeta, a former producer of Interchannel. While still with Interchannel, Tabeta's team was responsible for mainly developing and publishing versions of visual novels originally published by VisualArt's for consumer platforms like the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. After Prototype split off from Interchannel, the company still continued to work with VisualArt's. Prototype is also involved in producing mobile phone ports through VisualArt's Motto which Prototype manages. Prototype has also produced a set of drama CDs based on Key's visual novel Clannad."}
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Between the first two games developed by Quin Rose , in what year was the novel released that had a film adaptation ?
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2008
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030974c86b3fb92f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_Convoy_SC_7', 'title': 'Order of battle for Convoy SC 7', 'header': ['Name', 'Commander', 'Ships sunk', 'Ships damaged'], 'data': [{'value': 'U-38', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-38_(1938)', 'summary': "German submarine U-38 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 15 April 1937 , by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 943 . She was launched on 9 August 1938 and commissioned on 24 October with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe in command . U-38 conducted eleven patrols , as part of several flotillas . During her career , she sank over 30 enemy vessels and damaged a further one . U-38 ranks as one of the most successful U-boats in World War II . She was scuttled west of Wesermünde ( modern Bremerhaven ) on 5 May 1945 . Throughout the war , the U-Boat suffered no losses among her crew ."}]}, {'value': 'Heinrich Liebe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heinrich_Liebe', 'summary': "Heinrich Liebe ( 29 January 1908 - 27 July 1997 ) was a German naval officer during World War II . He served as a U-boat commander and then in the High Command of the Kriegsmarine . Liebe was credited with sinking of 34 ships for a total of 187,267 gross register tons ( GRT ) . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany . It was the country 's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Liebe ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-46', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-46_(1938)', 'summary': "German submarine U-46 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She had a highly successful career during the war ."}]}, {'value': 'Engelbert Endrass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Engelbert_Endrass', 'summary': "Engelbert Endrass ( German : Engelbert Endraß ) ( 2 March 1911 - 21 December 1941 ) was a German U-boat commander in World War II . He commanded the U-46 and the U-567 , being credited with sinking 22 ships on ten patrols , for a total of 118,528 gross register tons ( GRT ) of Allied shipping , to purportedly become the 23rd highest claiming U-boat commander of World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany . It was Germany 's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Endrass ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-48', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-48_(1939)', 'summary': "German submarine U-48 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II , and the most successful that was commissioned . During her two years of active service , U-48 sank 55 ships for a total of 321,000 tons ; she also damaged two more for a total of 12,000 tons over twelve war patrols conducted during the opening stages of the Battle of the Atlantic . U-48 was built at the Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 583 during 1938 and 1939 , being completed a few months before the outbreak of war in September 1939 and given to Kapitänleutnant ( Kptlt . ) Herbert Schultze . When war was declared , she was already in position in the North Atlantic , and received the news via radio , allowing her to operate immediately against Allied shipping ."}]}, {'value': 'Heinrich Bleichrodt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heinrich_Bleichrodt', 'summary': "Heinrich Bleichrodt ( 21 October 1909 - 9 January 1977 ) was one of the most successful German U-boat commanders of the Second World War . From October 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1943 , he was credited with sinking 25 ships for a total of 152,320 gross register tons ( GRT ) . For this he received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves , among other commendations . He earned the nickname Ajax during his time with the U-boats ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-99_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-99 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She was laid down on 31 March 1939 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 593 . She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war , sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons ( GRT ) of Allied shipping in eight patrols . She damaged five more ships and took one vessel as a prize ."}]}, {'value': 'Otto Kretschmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otto_Kretschmer', 'summary': "Otto Kretschmer ( 1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998 ) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941 , he sank 47 ships , a total of 274,333 tons . For this he received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords , among other awards . He earned the nickname Silent Otto both for his successful use of the silent running capability of U-boats as well as for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols . After the war , he served in the German Federal Navy and retired in 1970 with the rank of Flottillenadmiral ( flotilla admiral ) ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-100', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-100_(1939)', 'summary': "German submarine U-100 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She , given her short-lived existence , was one of the most successful and deadly U-Boats to have served in the conflict ."}]}, {'value': 'Joachim Schepke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joachim_Schepke', 'summary': "Joachim Schepke ( 8 March 1912 - 17 March 1941 ) was a German U-boat commander during World War II . He was the seventh recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . It was Germany 's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Joachim Schepke . Schepke is credited with the sinking of 36 Allied ships . During his career , he gained notoriety among fellow U-boat commanders for exaggerating the tonnage of ships sunk ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-101', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-101_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-101 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She had a highly successful career ."}]}, {'value': 'Fritz Frauenheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fritz_Frauenheim', 'summary': "Fritz Frauenheim ( 9 January 1912 - 28 September 1969 ) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War . From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940 , he sank 19 ships for a total of 78,853 gross register tons ( GRT ) , and damaged two others . For this he received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German : Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ) , among other commendations . The Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-123', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-123_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-123 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II . After that conflict , she became the French submarine Blaison ( Q165 ) until she was decommissioned on 18 August 1959 ."}]}, {'value': 'Karl-Heinz Moehle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Moehle', 'summary': "Karl-Heinz Moehle ( 31 July 1910 - 17 November 1996 ) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War . From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in June 1941 , he sank 21 ships for a total of 93,197 gross register tons ( GRT ) . For this he received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German : Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes ) , among other commendations ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U-124', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_submarine_U-124_(1940)', 'summary': "German submarine U-124 ( nickname Edelweisseboot ) was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . She operated in the Atlantic as part of the 2nd U-boat flotilla , both west of Scotland and east of the eastern US coast . She was also present off northern South America . She was sunk with all hands west of Portugal in 1943 ."}]}, {'value': 'Georg-Wilhelm Schulz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georg-Wilhelm_Schulz', 'summary': "Georg-Wilhelm Schulz ( 10 March 1906 - 5 July 1986 ) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War . From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in September 1941 , he sank 19 ships for a total of 89,885 gross register tons ( GRT ) . For this he received the Knight 's Cross , among other commendations ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'U-boats', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Order_of_battle_for_Convoy_SC_7_1', 'intro': 'Convoy SC 7 was the seventh of the SC convoys, bound from Sydney, Nova Scotia across the \nNorth Atlantic to a number of British ports, mainly Liverpool. They were designated SC as their departure point was designated Sydney, Cape Breton in order to avoid confusion with Sydney in Australia. The convoys formed part of the battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War. Large numbers of merchants travelled together with naval escorts to protect against U-boat attacks. They were often slow, the merchants often only being capable of a speed of around 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and so were particularly vulnerable to attack. This problem was exacerbated by a shortage of suitable escorts from either the Royal Canadian Navy or the Royal Navy in the early stages of the war. Convoy SC 7 left Sydney on 5 October 1940, consisting of 36 merchants initially escorted by the Canadian armed yacht HMCS Elk and the British sloop HMS Scarborough. Having seen the convoy out of Canadian waters, Elk turned back on 7 October leaving the convoy to spend three quarters of the crossing escorted by the lone Scarborough. One of the merchants, SS Winona had developed engine problems and also turned back. The crossing was uneventful to begin with, the only casualty being SS Trevisa which was straggling behind the main convoy and was torpedoed and sunk on 16 October by U-124. The main convoy was spotted the following day by U-38, which sank SS Aenos. Further sporadic attacks continued that day and the following, despite the arrival of the sloop HMS Fowey and the corvette HMS Bluebell.'}
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How many ships were sunk by the commander born on July 31 , 1910 ?
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4
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03098ca00e1c13b0
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index', 'title': 'Swiss Market Index', 'header': ['Company', 'ICB Sector', 'Canton', 'Ticker symbol', 'Weight (% )'], 'data': [{'value': 'ABB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABB_Group', 'summary': 'ABB ( ASEA Brown Boveri ) ( SIX : ABBN , NYSE : ABB , Nasdaq Stockholm : ABB ) is a Swiss-Swedish multinational corporation headquartered in Zurich , Switzerland , operating mainly in robotics , power , heavy electrical equipment , and automation technology areas . It is ranked 341st in the Fortune Global 500 list of 2018 and has been a global Fortune 500 company for 24 years . ABB is traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange in Zürich , Nasdaq Stockholm and the New York Stock Exchange in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'electronic and electrical equipment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'ABBN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.61', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adecco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adecco', 'summary': "The Adecco Group , based in Zurich , Switzerland , is the world 's second largest Human Resources provider and temporary staffing firm , and a Fortune Global 500 company . With more than 34,000 FTE employees and around 5,200 branches in over 60 countries and territories around the world , The Adecco Group offers a wide variety of services that include temporary staffing , permanent placement , career transition , re-skilling and talent development , as well as outsourcing and consulting . The Adecco Group key markets are France , North America , the United Kingdom and Ireland , Japan , Germany , Austria , Italy , Benelux , Nordics , Spain , Portugal , Australia , New Zealand , and Switzerland . They directly employ 700,000 people a day , and with the expansion of its operations to China , the number of people working under them totals up to 3.5 million . The company was formed in 1996 as a result of the merger of the French company Ecco and the Swiss company Adia Interim , and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange ( ADEN , ISIN CH0012138605 ) . Adia was established in 1957 in Lausanne ( Switzerland ) by Henri Lavanchy . Ecco was founded in Lyon ( France ) at the initiative of Philippe Foriel Destezet . In 2000 The Adecco Group acquired Olsten Staffing , in the US , becoming the number one recruitment company in that country . In 2010 , it acquired MPS Group and thus became the number one company worldwide . The Adecco Group is the parent company of various brands including Adecco Staffing , Euro Engineering , Modis , Spring Professional , Badenoch & Clark , Pontoon , General Assembly , Vettery , YOSS , Adia and Lee Hecht Harrison . The Adecco Group is the 11th most attractive company in the world to work for , according to the 2019 ranking of The World 's Best Workplaces ."}]}, {'value': 'business training and employment agencies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'ADEN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0.95', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alcon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alcon', 'summary': "Alcon is a global medical company specializing in eye care products with headquarters in Fort Worth , Texas , United States , and incorporated in Fribourg , Switzerland . Alcon 's American headquarters are located in Fort Worth , Texas . Alcon was a subsidiary of Novartis until April 9 , 2019 when the company completed a shareholder approved 100% spinoff of Alcon eye care devices business from Novartis ."}]}, {'value': 'healthcare', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fribourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg', 'summary': 'The canton of Fribourg , also canton of Friburg ( French : canton de Fribourg , German : Kanton Freiburg ( help·info ) ) is located in western Switzerland . The canton is bilingual , with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third . Both are official languages in the canton . The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg .'}]}, {'value': 'ALC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Credit Suisse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Credit_Suisse', 'summary': "Credit Suisse Group AG is a global wealth manager , investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland . Headquartered in Zürich , it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world and is one of the nine global Bulge Bracket banks providing services in investment banking , private banking , asset management , and shared services . Credit Suisse is known for its strict bank-client confidentiality and banking secrecy practices . Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland 's rail system . It issued loans that helped create Switzerland 's electrical grid and the European rail system . In the 1900s , it began shifting to retail banking in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks UBS and Julius Bär . Credit Suisse partnered with First Boston in 1978 . After a large failed loan put First Boston under financial stress , Credit Suisse bought a controlling share of the bank in 1988 . From 1990 to 2000 , the company made a series of acquisitions dramatically increasing their market share via the purchases of Winterthur Group , Swiss Volksbank , Swiss American Securities Inc. ( SASI ) and Bank Leu , among others . The company restructured itself in 2002 , 2004 and 2006 . It was one of the least affected banks during the global financial crisis , but afterwards began shrinking its investment business , executing layoffs and cutting costs . The bank was at the center of multiple international investigation for tax avoidance which culminated in a guilty plea and the forfeiture of US $ 2.6 billion in fines from 2008 to 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'banks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'CSGN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.95', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geberit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geberit', 'summary': 'Geberit ( German pronunciation : [ ˈɡəbeːrɪt ] or [ ˈɡəbeːʁɪt ] ) is a Swiss multinational group specialized in manufacturing and supplying sanitary parts and related systems . It is a leader in its field in Europe with a global presence through its subsidiaries .'}]}, {'value': 'building materials and fixtures', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen', 'summary': 'The canton of St. Gallen , also canton of St Gall ( German : Kanton St. Gallen Sankt Gallen ( help·info ) ; dialectally /saŋkˈalːə/ , French : canton de Saint-Gall , Italian : Cantone di San Gallo , Romansh : chantun Son Gagl ) , is a canton of Switzerland . The capital is St. Gallen . Located in northeastern Switzerland , the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 ( 782 sq mi ) ( 5% of Switzerland ) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 ( 6% of Switzerland ) . It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen , the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy .'}]}, {'value': 'GEBN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Givaudan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Givaudan', 'summary': "Givaudan ( pronounced [ ʒivodɑ̃ ] ) is a Swiss manufacturer of flavours , fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients . As of 2008 , it is the world 's largest company in the flavour and fragrance industries ."}]}, {'value': 'specialty chemicals', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': 'GIVN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LafargeHolcim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LafargeHolcim', 'summary': 'LafargeHolcim Ltd is a Swiss multinational company that manufactures building materials . It has a presence in around 80 countries , and employs around 80,000 employees . LafargeHolcim operates four businesses segments : Cement , Aggregates and Ready-Mix Concrete as well as Solutions & Products , which includes precast concrete , asphalt , mortar and building solutions . [ buzzword ] LafargeHolcim was formed by the merger on 10 July 2015 , of cement companies Lafarge and Holcim , which had combined sales of CHF26 billion in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'building materials and fixtures', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen', 'summary': 'The canton of St. Gallen , also canton of St Gall ( German : Kanton St. Gallen Sankt Gallen ( help·info ) ; dialectally /saŋkˈalːə/ , French : canton de Saint-Gall , Italian : Cantone di San Gallo , Romansh : chantun Son Gagl ) , is a canton of Switzerland . The capital is St. Gallen . Located in northeastern Switzerland , the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 ( 782 sq mi ) ( 5% of Switzerland ) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 ( 6% of Switzerland ) . It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen , the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy .'}]}, {'value': 'LHN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lonza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lonza_Group', 'summary': 'Lonza Group is a Swiss multinational , chemicals and biotechnology company , headquartered in Basel , with major facilities in Europe , North America and South Asia . Lonza was established under that name in the late 19th-century in Switzerland . The company provides product development services to the pharmaceutical and biologic industries , including organic , fine and performance chemicals , custom manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals , chemical synthesis capabilities , detection systems and services for the bioscience sector .'}]}, {'value': 'pharmaceuticals and biotechnology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt', 'summary': 'The canton of Basel-Stadt ( German : Kanton Basel-Stadt ( help·info ) , English : canton of Basel-City , French : canton de Bâle-Ville , Italian : Cantone di Basilea Città , Romansh : chantun Basilea-Citad ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland , and the smallest of the cantons by area . The city of Basel and the municipalities of Bettingen and Riehen form its territory .'}]}, {'value': 'LONN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nestlé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nestlé', 'summary': "Nestlé S.A. ( /ˈnɛsleɪ , -li , -əl/ ; [ citation needed ] French : [ nɛsle ] ) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey , Vaud , Switzerland . It is the largest food company in the world , measured by revenues and other metrics , since 2014 . It ranked No . 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017 and No . 33 on the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public companies . Nestlé 's products include baby food , medical food , bottled water , breakfast cereals , coffee and tea , confectionery , dairy products , ice cream , frozen food , pet foods , and snacks . Twenty-nine of Nestlé 's brands have annual sales of over CHF1 billion ( about US $ 1.1 billion ) , including Nespresso , Nescafé , Kit Kat , Smarties , Nesquik , Stouffer 's , Vittel , and Maggi . Nestlé has 447 factories , operates in 189 countries , and employs around 339,000 people . It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal , the world 's largest cosmetics company . Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company , established in 1866 by brothers George and Charles Page , and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé , founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlé . The company grew significantly during the First World War and again following the Second World War , expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products . The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions , including Crosse & Blackwell in 1950 , Findus in 1963 , Libby 's in 1971 , Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988 , Klim in 1998 , and Gerber in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'food products', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}]}, {'value': 'NESN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19.17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Novartis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novartis', 'summary': 'Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel , Switzerland . It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies by both market capitalization and sales . Novartis manufactures the drugs clozapine ( Clozaril ) , diclofenac ( Voltaren ) , carbamazepine ( Tegretol ) , valsartan ( Diovan ) , imatinib mesylate ( Gleevec/Glivec ) , ciclosporin ( Neoral/Sandimmun ) , letrozole ( Femara ) , methylphenidate ( Ritalin ) , terbinafine ( Lamisil ) , and others . In 1996 , Ciba-Geigy merged with Sandoz ; the pharmaceutical and agrochemical divisions of both companies formed Novartis as an independent entity . Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz businesses were sold , or , like Ciba Specialty Chemicals , spun off as independent companies . The Sandoz brand disappeared for three years , but was revived in 2003 when Novartis consolidated its generic drugs businesses into a single subsidiary and named it Sandoz . Novartis divested its agrochemical and genetically modified crops business in 2000 with the spinout of Syngenta in partnership with AstraZeneca , which also divested its agrochemical business . Novartis is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations ( EFPIA ) , the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations ( IFPMA ) , and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America ( PhRMA ) .'}]}, {'value': 'pharmaceuticals', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt', 'summary': 'The canton of Basel-Stadt ( German : Kanton Basel-Stadt ( help·info ) , English : canton of Basel-City , French : canton de Bâle-Ville , Italian : Cantone di Basilea Città , Romansh : chantun Basilea-Citad ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland , and the smallest of the cantons by area . The city of Basel and the municipalities of Bettingen and Riehen form its territory .'}]}, {'value': 'NOVN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18.01', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richemont', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richemont', 'summary': 'Compagnie Financière Richemont SA , also known as Richemont , is a Switzerland-based luxury goods holding company founded in 1988 by South African businessman Johann Rupert . Through its various subsidiaries , Richemont produces and sells jewellery , watches , leather goods , pens , firearms , clothing and accessories . Richemont is publicly traded as CFR on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the JSE Securities Exchange . The brands it owns include A. Lange & Söhne , Azzedine Alaïa , Baume & Mercier , Buccellati , Cartier , Chloé , Dunhill , IWC Schaffhausen , Giampiero Bodino , Jaeger-LeCoultre , Lancel , Montblanc , Officine Panerai , Piaget , Peter Millar , Purdey , Roger Dubuis , Vacheron Constantin , and Van Cleef & Arpels . As of November 2012 [ update ] , Compagnie Financière Richemont SA is the sixth largest corporation by market capitalization in the Swiss Market Index . As of 2017 , Richemont is the third-largest luxury goods company in the world after LVMH and Estée Lauder Companies .'}]}, {'value': 'clothing and accessories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': 'CFR', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoffmann–La_Roche', 'summary': "F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG is a Swiss multinational healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions : Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics . Its holding company , Roche Holding AG , has bearer shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange . The company headquarters are located in Basel . The company controls the American biotechnology company Genentech , which is a wholly owned affiliate , and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals , as well as the United States-based Ventana . Roche 's revenues during fiscal year 2018 were 56.85 billion Swiss francs , or approximately US $ 57 billion . Roche is the second-largest pharmaceutical company worldwide . Descendants of the founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights ( a pool of family shareholders 45% , and Maja Oeri a further 5% apart ) , with Swiss pharma firm Novartis owning a further third of its shares . Roche is one of the few companies increasing their dividend every year , for 2018 as the 32nd consecutive year . F. Hoffmann-La Roche is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations ( EFPIA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'pharmaceuticals', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt', 'summary': 'The canton of Basel-Stadt ( German : Kanton Basel-Stadt ( help·info ) , English : canton of Basel-City , French : canton de Bâle-Ville , Italian : Cantone di Basilea Città , Romansh : chantun Basilea-Citad ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland , and the smallest of the cantons by area . The city of Basel and the municipalities of Bettingen and Riehen form its territory .'}]}, {'value': 'ROG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17.87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SGS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Société_Générale_de_Surveillance', 'summary': 'SGS ( formerly Société Générale de Surveillance ( French for General Society of Surveillance ) ) is a multinational company headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland which provides inspection , verification , testing and certification services . It has more than 94,000 employees and operates over 2,600 offices and laboratories worldwide . It ranked on Forbes Global 2000 in 2015 , 2016 and 2017 . The core services offered by SGS include the inspection and verification of the quantity , weight and quality of traded goods , the testing of product quality and performance against various health , safety and regulatory standards , and to make sure that products , systems or services meet the requirements of standards set by governments , standardization bodies or by SGS customers . [ a ]'}]}, {'value': 'business support services', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': 'SGSN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sika_AG', 'summary': 'Sika Group is a Swiss specialty chemical company that supplies to the building sector and motor vehicle industry , headquartered in Baar , Switzerland . The company develops and produces systems and products for bonding , sealing , damping , reinforcing , and protecting . Currently , it has over 25,000 employees , subsidiaries in more than 100 countries , and an annual sales turnover of CHF 8.1 billion . Sika was founded in 1910 when Kaspar Winkler laid the cornerstone for the firm . Winkler worked himself up from poverty to become a successful entrepreneur , and by the 1920s he was already engaged in founding subsidiaries abroad . Besides the brand Sika , more than 900 product brands are in use including Sikaflex , SikaTack , Sika ViscoCrete , SikaBond , Sikafloor , Sika CarboDur Sikagard , Sika MaxTack , Sikaplan , Sikament , Sikadur , SikaLastic , SikaRoof MTC , Sika Unitherm and Sika Sarnafil . In 2019 , Sika acquired PAREX Group , a global company headquartered in France with more than 4,500 employees and 1,034 million € on revenues . Sika AG is the legal entity for the holding company , which includes the Sika organizations worldwide , Sika Technology AG ( Research and Development ) and Sika Services AG ( Corporate functions supporting all organizations worldwide ) .'}]}, {'value': 'specialty chemicals', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zug', 'summary': 'The canton of Zug ( also English : canton of Zoug ; German : Kanton German pronunciation : [ tsuːk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland . It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug . At 239 km2 ( 92 sq mi ) the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area . It is not subdivided into districts , but eleven municipalities .'}]}, {'value': 'SIKA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swatch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Swatch_Group', 'summary': "The Swatch Group Ltd is a Swiss manufacturer of watches and jewellery . The company was founded in 1983 by Nicolas Hayek from the merger of Allgemeine Gesellschaft der Schweizerischen Uhrenindustrie ( ASUAG ) and Société Suisse pour l'Industrie Horlogère ( SSIH ) , in order to cope with the quartz crisis and save the Swiss watchmaking industry . The Swatch Group employs about 36,000 people in 50 countries . In 2016 , net sales were 7.533 billion Swiss francs ( CHF ) , decreasing 11% from 2015 results . In addition to the Swatch product line , the group also owns other brands , including Blancpain , Breguet , Glashütte Original , Harry Winston , Longines , Omega , Tissot , and RADO ."}]}, {'value': 'clothing and accessories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Bern', 'summary': 'The canton of Bern or Berne ( German : Kanton Bern ; French : canton de Berne ) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population . Located in west-central Switzerland , it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north . To the west lie the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud . To the south lies the canton of Valais . East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri , Nidwalden , Obwalden , Lucerne and Aargau . The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population ( as of 31 December 2018 ) of 1,034,977 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 119,930 ( or 12.45% ) foreigners . The cantonal capital , also the federal city of Switzerland , is Bern . Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne .'}]}, {'value': 'UHR', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0.92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swiss Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swiss_Life', 'summary': 'The Swiss Life Group is the largest life insurance company of Switzerland and one of Europes leading comprehensive life and pensions and financial services providers , with approximately CHF 232.6 bn of assets under management . Founded in 1867 in Zurich as the Schweizerische Lebensversicherungs und Rentenanstalt cooperative , the company entered the Swiss stock market in 1997 and adopted its current name in 2002 . In 2018 the group declared a premium income of CHF 19.2 bn , a 4% increase over the previous year . Net profit increased by 7% to CHF 1080 million . Swiss Life is one of the twenty companies listed under the Swiss Market Index , as SLHN .'}]}, {'value': 'life insurance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'SLHN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.74', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swiss Re', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swiss_Re', 'summary': "Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd , commonly known as Swiss Re , is a reinsurance company based in Zurich , Switzerland . It is the world 's second-largest reinsurer . It acquired GE Insurance Solutions in 2006 . Founded in 1863 , Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries . Swiss Re was ranked 118th in Forbes 2000 Global leading companies 2016 . It was also ranked 313th in Fortune Global 500 in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'reinsurance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'SREN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swisscom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swisscom', 'summary': "Switzerland 's entry into the telecommunications era came in 1851 , with the passage of legislation giving the Swiss government control over the development of a telegraph network throughout the country . The government 's initial plans called for the creation of three primary telegraph lines , as well as a number of secondary networks . In order to build equipment for the system , the government established the Atelier Fédéral de Construction des Télégraphes ( Federal Workshop for the Construction of Telegraphs ) . In July 1852 , the first leg of the country 's telegraph system - between St. Gallen and Zurich - was operational . By the end of that year , most of the country 's main cities had been connected to the telegraph system . In 1855 , the network was extended with the first underwater cable , connecting Winkel-Stansstad and Bauen-Flüelen . Night service was also launched that year , starting in Basel , St. Gallen and Bellinzona . Telegraph traffic took off in the late 1860s after the government had reduced the cost of 20-word messages in 1867 . While telegraph traffic continued to rise in the following decade , the technology was soon to be replaced by the telephone . Switzerland 's entry into the telephone age came in 1877 , when the first experimental phone lines appeared , starting with a line linking the post office building with the Federal Palace and then with a link , using the existing telegraph line , between Bern and Thun . The following year , the government passed legislation establishing a monopoly on the country 's telephone network . Nonetheless , private operators were allowed to bid for licenses in order to develop their local concessions ."}]}, {'value': 'fixed line telecommunications', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Bern', 'summary': 'The canton of Bern or Berne ( German : Kanton Bern ; French : canton de Berne ) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population . Located in west-central Switzerland , it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north . To the west lie the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud . To the south lies the canton of Valais . East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri , Nidwalden , Obwalden , Lucerne and Aargau . The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population ( as of 31 December 2018 ) of 1,034,977 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 119,930 ( or 12.45% ) foreigners . The cantonal capital , also the federal city of Switzerland , is Bern . Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne .'}]}, {'value': 'SCMN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UBS_AG', 'summary': "UBS Group AG [ nb 1 ] is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland . Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel , it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution in the world . UBS client services are known for their strict bank-client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy . [ nb 2 ] The bank 's large positions in the Americas , EMEA , and Asia Pacific markets make it a global systemically important financial institution . UBS was founded in 1862 as the Bank in Winterthur alongside the advent of the Swiss banking industry . During the 1890s , the Swiss Bank Corporation ( SBC ) was founded , forming a private banking syndicate that expanded aided by Switzerland 's international neutrality . The Bank of Winterthur merged with Toggenburger Bank in 1912 to form the Union Bank of Switzerland ( UBS ) and grew rapidly after the Banking Law of 1934 codified Swiss banking secrecy . Following decades of market competition between the SBC and UBS , the two merged in 1998 to create a single company known solely as UBS . [ nb 3 ] Through mergers and acquisitions up to the early 2000s , UBS together with Credit Suisse held more than 50% of all deposits in Switzerland . After UBS managed heavy losses during the 2008 financial crisis with an asset relief recovery program , it was hit with the 2011 rogue trader scandal resulting in a US $ 2 billion trading loss . In 2012 the bank reoriented itself around wealth management and limited its sell side operations . In the years since , the company 's capital strength , security protocols , and reputation for discretion has yielded a substantial market share in banking and high level of brand loyalty ."}]}, {'value': 'banks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'UBSG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.41', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich Insurance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group', 'summary': "Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. is a Swiss insurance company , commonly known as Zurich , headquartered in Zürich , Switzerland . The company is Switzerland 's largest insurer . As of 2017 , the group is the world 's 91st largest public company according to Forbes ' Global 2000s list , and in 2011 it ranked 94th in Interbrand 's top 100 brands . Zurich is a global insurance company which is organized into three core business segments : General Insurance , Global Life and Farmers . Zurich employs almost 54,000 people serving customers in more than 170 countries and territories around the globe . The company is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange . As of 2012 it had shareholders ' equity of $ 34.494 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'full line insurance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': 'ZURN', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5.76', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'SMI Constituents -- Current constituents', 'section_text': 'Distribution of SMI expanded index firms by canton of HQ Distribution of SMI expanded index market capitalization by canton of HQ As of September 23 , 2019 , the following 20 stocks make up the SMI index. [ 2 ] . All components are large-caps ( SPI Large ) , except one marked as 1 , which is a mid-cap ( SPI Middle ) . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This is because liquidity is a criterion of inclusion , in addition to capitalization . [ 1 ] The weights are given as of August 2019 .', 'uid': 'Swiss_Market_Index_0', 'intro': "The Swiss Market Index (SMI) is Switzerland's blue-chip stock market index, which makes it the most followed in the country. It is made up of 20 of the largest and most liquid Swiss Performance Index (SPI) stocks. As a price index, the SMI is not adjusted for dividends. The SMI was introduced on June 30, 1988 at a baseline value of 1,500 points. It closed above the symbolic level of 10,000 points for the first time on July 2, 2019. Its composition is examined once a year. Currently, it contains 19 large-caps and one mid-cap. Calculation takes place in real-time. As soon as a new transaction occurs in a security contained in the SMI, an updated index level is calculated and displayed. However, the index is updated no more than once per second. The securities contained in the SMI currently represent approximately 80% of the entire Swiss equity market capitalization, as well as 85% to 90% of the total trading turnover of Swiss and Liechtenstein equities listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. Because the SMI is considered to be a mirror of the overall Swiss stock market, it is used as the benchmark for numerous mutual funds, index funds and ETFs, and as the underlying index for numerous derivative financial instruments such as options, futures and structured products."}
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What is the ICB of the company that is ranked 341st in the Fortune Global 500 list of 2018 ?
|
electronic and electrical equipment
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0309ca8ae718046c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Campbell_Moore', 'title': 'Stephen Campbell Moore', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bright Young Things', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bright_Young_Things_(film)', 'summary': 'Bright Young Things is a 2003 British drama film written and directed by Stephen Fry . The screenplay , based on the 1930 novel Vile Bodies by Evelyn Waugh , provides satirical social commentary about the Bright Young People - young and carefree London aristocrats and bohemians - as well as society in general , in the late 1920s through to the early 1940s . This was the last film in which John Mills appeared before his death in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Adam Fenwick-Symes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Good Woman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Good_Woman_(film)', 'summary': "A Good Woman is a 2004 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Barker . The screenplay by Howard Himelstein is based on the 1892 play Lady Windermere 's Fan by Oscar Wilde . It is the fourth screen version of the work , following a 1916 silent film using Wilde 's original title , Ernst Lubitsch 's 1925 version and Otto Preminger 's 1949 adaptation entitled The Fan ."}]}, {'value': 'Lord Darlington', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Normal for Norfolk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Man', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amazing Grace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(2006_film)', 'summary': 'Amazing Grace is a 2006 British-American biographical drama film directed by Michael Apted , about the campaign against the slave trade in the British Empire , led by William Wilberforce , who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament . The title is a reference to the hymn Amazing Grace . The film also recounts the experiences of John Newton as a crewman on a slave ship and subsequent religious conversion , which inspired his writing of the poem later used in the hymn . Newton is portrayed as a major influence on Wilberforce and the abolition movement . The film premiered on 16 September 2006 at the Toronto International Film Festival , followed by showings at the Heartland Film Festival , the Santa Barbara International Film Festival , and the European Film Market , before opening in wide US release on 23 February 2007 , which coincided with the 200th anniversary of the date the British parliament voted to ban the slave trade .'}]}, {'value': 'James Stephen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Stephen_(British_politician)', 'summary': 'James Stephen ( 30 June 1758 - 10 October 1832 ) was the principal English lawyer associated with the abolitionist movement . Stephen was born in Poole , Dorset ; the family home later being removed to Stoke Newington . He married twice and was the father of Sir James Stephen and grandfather of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen and Sir Leslie Stephen and great-grandfather of Virginia Woolf .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The History Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_History_Boys_(film)', 'summary': 'The History Boys is a 2006 British comedy-drama film adapted by Alan Bennett from his play of the same name , which won the 2005 Olivier Award for Best New Play and the 2006 Tony Award for Best Play . It was directed by Nicholas Hytner , who directed the original production at the Royal National Theatre in London , and features the original cast of the play . The school scenes were filmed in Watford in two schools , Watford Grammar School for Boys and Watford Grammar School for Girls . The film uses the uniform of Watford Boys . Locations in Elland and Halifax , West Yorkshire are used to create the broader landscape of Sheffield in which the story is set .'}]}, {'value': 'Irwin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bank Job', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bank_Job', 'summary': 'The Bank Job is a 2008 heist thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson , written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais , and starring Jason Statham , based on the 1971 Baker Street robbery in central London , from which the money and valuables stolen were never recovered . The producers allege that the story was prevented from being told in 1971 because of a D-Notice , allegedly to protect a prominent member of the British Royal Family . According to the producers , this film is intended to reveal the truth for the first time , although it includes significant elements of fiction . The premiere was held in London on 18 February 2008 . The film was released in the UK on 29 February 2008 and in the US on 7 March 2008 . It has grossed $ 64.8 million worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Swain', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burlesque Fairytales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burlesque_Fairytales', 'summary': "Burlesque Fairytales is a 2009 British thriller film written and directed by Susan Luciani set in a fictional 1930s London theatre starring an ensemble cast led by Benedict Cumberbatch , Lindsay Duncan and Jim Carter . The film 's premiere was held at Seattle 's True Independent Film Festival on 7 June 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Blythe-Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Official Selection', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Children', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Children_(2008_film)', 'summary': 'The Children is a 2008 British horror thriller film set around the New Year holiday directed by Tom Shankland and starring Eva Birthistle and Hannah Tointon .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonah', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Season of the Witch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Season_of_the_Witch_(2011_film)', 'summary': 'Season of the Witch is a 2011 American historical horror adventure film starring Nicolas Cage and Ron Perlman , and directed by Dominic Sena . Cage and Perlman star as Teutonic Knights who return from the Crusades to find their fatherland ruined by the Black Death . Two church elders accuse a girl ( Claire Foy ) of being a witch responsible for the destruction ; they command the two knights to transport the girl to a monastery so the monks can lift her curse from the land . It reunited Sena and Cage , who had previously worked together on Gone in 60 Seconds . Development on the film began in 2000 when the spec script by screenwriter Bragi F. Schut was purchased by MGM . The project moved from MGM to Columbia Pictures to Relativity Media , where the film was finally produced by Charles Roven and Alex Gartner . Filming took place primarily in Austria , Hungary , and Croatia . Season of the Witch was released on January 7 , 2011 , in the United States , Canada , and several other territories .'}]}, {'value': 'Debelzaq', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny English Reborn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_English_Reborn', 'summary': "Johnny English Reborn is a 2011 spy action comedy film directed by Oliver Parker and written by Hamish McColl from a story by William Davies . A sequel to Johnny English ( 2003 ) and the second instalment in the Johnny English series , it is a British-American venture produced by StudioCanal , Relativity Media and Working Title Films , and distributed by Universal Pictures . The film stars Rowan Atkinson ( reprising his role as the title character ) alongside Gillian Anderson , Dominic West , Rosamund Pike , Daniel Kaluuya and Richard Schiff as new characters . Much like its predecessor , the film parodies traits from the James Bond film series and clichés of the spy genre ( as well as Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character ) and marks Atkinson and Tim McInnerny 's second collaboration after the series Blackadder . Johnny English Reborn was met with mixed reviews but has grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 7 October 2011 , and topped the country 's box office for the next two weekends , before being dethroned by Paranormal Activity 3 . It was later released in North America on 21 October 2011 . A sequel to the film , Johnny English Strikes Again was released in October 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Prime Minister', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Man Up', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Man_Up_(film)', 'summary': "Man Up is a 2015 British-French romantic comedy film directed by Ben Palmer from a screenplay written by Tess Morris , starring Lake Bell and Simon Pegg . The film follows a single 34-year-old woman ( Bell ) , who after being mistaken for a stranger 's blind date , finds the perfect boyfriend in a 40-year-old divorcé ( Pegg ) . The film was released on 29 May 2015 by StudioCanal ."}]}, {'value': 'Ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Lady in the Van', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lady_in_the_Van', 'summary': "The Lady in the Van is a 2015 British comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner , and starring Maggie Smith and Alex Jennings , based on the memoir of the same name created by Alan Bennett . It was written by Bennett , and it tells the ( mostly ) true story of his interactions with Mary Shepherd , an elderly woman who lived in a dilapidated van on his driveway in London for 15 years . He had previously published the story as a 1989 essay , 1990 book , 1999 stage play , and 2009 radio play on BBC Radio 4 . Smith had previously portrayed Shepherd twice : in the 1999 stage play , which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and in the 2009 radio adaptation . Hytner directed the 1999 stage play at the Queen 's Theatre in London . The film was shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival and received largely positive reviews from critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Doctor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ones Below', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Ones_Below', 'summary': 'The Ones Below is a 2015 British thriller directed by David Farr in his feature debut . It was shown in the Panorama section at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival and released on 11 March 2016 in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Justin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burnt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burnt_(film)', 'summary': 'Burnt is a 2015 American drama film directed by John Wells and written by Steven Knight , from a story by Michael Kalesniko . The film stars an ensemble cast including Bradley Cooper , Sienna Miller , Omar Sy , Daniel Brühl , Matthew Rhys , Riccardo Scamarcio , Alicia Vikander , Uma Thurman and Emma Thompson . The film was released on October 30 , 2015 , by The Weinstein Company .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goodbye Christopher Robin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goodbye_Christopher_Robin', 'summary': 'Goodbye Christopher Robin is a 2017 British biographical drama film about the lives of Winnie-the-Pooh creator A . A. Milne and his family , especially his son Christopher Robin . It was directed by Simon Curtis and written by Frank Cottrell-Boyce and Simon Vaughan , and stars Domhnall Gleeson , Margot Robbie , and Kelly Macdonald . The film premiered in the United Kingdom on 29 September 2017 . It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $ 7.2 million at the box office .'}]}, {'value': 'Ernest Shepard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E._H._Shepard', 'summary': 'Ernest Howard Shepard OBE , MC ( 10 December 1879 - 24 March 1976 ) was an English artist and book illustrator . He is known especially for illustrations of the anthropomorphic animal and soft toy characters in The Wind in the Willows and Winnie-the-Pooh .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Joan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Joan', 'summary': 'Red Joan is a 2018 British spy drama film , directed by Trevor Nunn , from a screenplay by Lindsay Shapero . The film stars Sophie Cookson , Stephen Campbell Moore , Tom Hughes , Ben Miles , Nina Sosanya , Tereza Srbova and Judi Dench . Red Joan had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2018 and was released on 19 April 2019 , by Lionsgate in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Max', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Downton Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downton_Abbey_(film)', 'summary': "Downton Abbey is a 2019 historical drama film written by Julian Fellowes , creator and writer of the television series of the same name , produced by Gareth Neame , Liz Trubridge and Fellowes , and directed by Michael Engler . The film is a Carnival Films production , with Focus Features and Universal Pictures International distributing and continues the storyline from the series , with much of the original cast returning . The film , set in 1927 , depicts a visit by the King and Queen to the Crawley family 's English country house in the Yorkshire countryside . As the Royal staff descend on Downton , an assassin has also arrived and attempts to kill the monarch . The family and servants are pitted against the royal entourage , including the Queen 's lady-in-waiting , who has fallen out with the Crawleys , especially the Dowager Countess , over an inheritance issue . Gareth Neame and Fellowes started planning a feature adaptation in 2016 , shortly after the series ended . It was officially confirmed in July 2018 and filming began later that month , lasting through November . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 13 September 2019 , and in the United States on 20 September 2019 . It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 192 million worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Major Chetwode', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Credits -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Stephen_Campbell_Moore_1', 'intro': 'Stephen Campbell Moore (born Stephen Moore Thorpe; 30 November 1977) is an English actor, best known for his roles in the Alan Bennett play The History Boys and the film based on it.'}
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Which city did the 2008 movie in which Stephen Campbell Moore played Peter Blythe-Smith premiere ?
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Seattle
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030ac57a235a016f
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsberg_am_Lech', 'title': 'Landsberg am Lech', 'header': ['Club', 'Sport', 'League', 'Established'], 'data': [{'value': 'TSV Landsberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TSV_Landsberg', 'summary': "TSV Landsberg is a German association football club from the town of Landsberg am Lech , Bavaria . The club 's greatest success has been to win promotion to the Bayernliga on two occasions , 1997 and 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Association_football', 'summary': "Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , [ a ] is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players . It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies , making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal . Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The ball is 68-70 cm ( 27-28 in ) in circumference and known as the football . The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team 's goal ( between the posts and under the bar ) , thereby scoring a goal . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner ; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw . Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game : to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks . Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play , except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms . The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins ."}]}, {'value': 'Landesliga Bayern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landesliga_Bayern', 'summary': 'The Landesliga Bayern sits at step 6 of the German football league system and is the third highest level in the Bavarian football league system , below the Bayernliga and organised in five regional divisions . The current Landesligas were formed in 1963 , when the Bundesliga was established . From 2012 , when the Regionalliga Bayern was established , the Landesligas were expanded from three to five divisions . Previous to that , from 1945 to 1950 , the Landesliga Bayern existed as a tier-two league below the Oberliga Süd .'}]}, {'value': '1882', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsberg Riverkings', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ice hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ice_hockey', 'summary': "Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice , usually in a rink , in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent 's net to score goals . The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical , with teams usually fielding six players at a time : one goaltender , and five players who skate the span of the ice trying to control the puck and score goals against the opposing team . Ice hockey is most popular in Canada , central and eastern Europe , the Nordic countries , Russia , and the United States . Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada . In addition , ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Finland , Latvia , Russia , Slovakia , Sweden , and Switzerland . North America 's National Hockey League ( NHL ) is the highest level for men 's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe . The International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey , with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking . Worldwide , there are ice hockey federations in 76 countries . In Canada , the United States , Nordic countries , and some other European countries the sport is known simply as hockey ; the name ice hockey is used in places where hockey more often refers to the more popular field hockey , such as countries in South America , Asia , Africa , Australasia , and some European countries including the United Kingdom , Ireland and the Netherlands . Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United Kingdom and elsewhere . These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed , such as shinny and ice polo ."}]}, {'value': 'Regionalliga ( Bayernliga )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regionalliga_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The Regionalliga is the fourth level of ice hockey in Germany . It was founded in 1961 as the Gruppenliga , and was renamed the Regionalliga for the 1965-66 season . From 1961-1973 , it operated as the third level of German ice hockey , before being dropped to the fourth level for the 1974-75 season . For 2013-14 , there were five regions of the league , the Regionalliga West , Regionalliga Nord , Regionalliga Ost , Regionalliga Südwest , and the Bayernliga .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsberg X-PRESS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}]}, {'value': 'Regionalliga Süd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regionalliga_Süd_(1994–2012)', 'summary': 'The Regionalliga Süd ( English : Regional League South ) was the fourth tier of the German football league system from 2008 to 2012 . Until the introduction of the 3 . Liga in 2008 , it was the third tier . It was the highest regional league for the southern part of Germany . It covered the states of Bavaria , Hesse and Baden-Württemberg and was one of three leagues at this level , together with the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga West . The league was disbanded at the end of the 2011-12 season , with the Bavarian clubs joining the new Regionalliga Bayern while the others joined the clubs from the southwest of Germany to form the new Regionalliga Südwest . From 1963 to 1974 , a Regionalliga Süd existed as the second tier of the German football league system , but this league is not directly related to the current one .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DJK Landsberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball', 'summary': "Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 inches ( 24 cm ) in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 inches ( 46 cm ) in diameter mounted 10 feet ( 3.048 m ) high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop . A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three . After a foul , timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but if regulation play expires with the score tied , an additional period of play ( overtime ) is mandated . Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) or by passing it to a teammate , both of which require considerable skill . On offense , players may use a variety of shots - the lay-up , the jump shot , or a dunk ; on defense , they may steal the ball from a dribbler , intercept passes , or block shots ; either offense or defense may collect a rebound , that is , a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard . It is a violation to lift or drag one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The five players on each side at a time fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center , the tallest and strongest is the power forward , a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward , and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard , who implements the coach 's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Informally , players may play three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one . Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts , United States , basketball has evolved to become one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity , salaries , talent , and level of competition . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas ."}]}, {'value': 'Regionalliga', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jahn Landsberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Association_football', 'summary': "Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , [ a ] is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players . It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies , making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal . Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The ball is 68-70 cm ( 27-28 in ) in circumference and known as the football . The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team 's goal ( between the posts and under the bar ) , thereby scoring a goal . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner ; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw . Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game : to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks . Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play , except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms . The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins ."}]}, {'value': 'A-Klasse Oberbayern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bavarian_Football_League_System', 'summary': 'The Bavarian football league system of the Bavarian Football Association ranks within the German football league system . Its highest division , the Regionalliga Bayern , is currently the fourth tier of German football . The lowest league in Bavaria is currently the C-Klasse , which is the 12th tier of German football . In 2012 , the league system experienced a major overhaul when the Regionalliga Bayern was established , the Bayernliga split into two regional divisions and the Landesliga expanded from three to five divisions .'}]}, {'value': '1923', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Türkspor Landsberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Association_football', 'summary': "Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , [ a ] is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players . It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies , making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal . Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The ball is 68-70 cm ( 27-28 in ) in circumference and known as the football . The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team 's goal ( between the posts and under the bar ) , thereby scoring a goal . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner ; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw . Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game : to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks . Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play , except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms . The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins ."}]}, {'value': 'A-Klasse Oberbayern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bavarian_Football_League_System', 'summary': 'The Bavarian football league system of the Bavarian Football Association ranks within the German football league system . Its highest division , the Regionalliga Bayern , is currently the fourth tier of German football . The lowest league in Bavaria is currently the C-Klasse , which is the 12th tier of German football . In 2012 , the league system experienced a major overhaul when the Regionalliga Bayern was established , the Bayernliga split into two regional divisions and the Landesliga expanded from three to five divisions .'}]}, {'value': '--', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsberg Cruisaders', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baseball', 'summary': "Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding . The game proceeds when a player on the fielding team , called the pitcher , throws a ball which a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat . The objective of the offensive team ( batting team ) is to hit the ball into the field of play , allowing its players to run the bases , having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called runs . The objective of the defensive team ( fielding team ) is to prevent batters from becoming runners , and to prevent runners ' advance around the bases . A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate ( the place where the player started as a batter ) . The team that scores the most runs by the end of the game is the winner . The first objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely . A player on the batting team who reaches first base without being called out can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner , either immediately or during teammates ' turns batting . The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners out , which forces them out of the field of play . Both the pitcher and fielders have methods of getting the batting team 's players out . The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding ; the batting team 's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs . One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning ."}]}, {'value': 'Bezirksliga Bayern', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsberg Kodiacs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Softball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Softball', 'summary': "Softball is a game similar to baseball played with a larger ball ( 11 to 12 in . circumference ) on a field that has base lengths of 60 feet , a pitcher 's mound that ranges from 35-43 feet away from home plate , and a homerun fence that is 220 feet away from home plate . It was invented in 1887 in Chicago , Illinois , United States as an indoor game . The game moves at a faster pace than traditional baseball . There is less time for the base runner to get to first while the opponent fields the ball ; yet , the fielder has less time to field the ball while the opponent is running down to first base . The name softball was given to the game in 1932 , because the ball used to be soft ; however , in modern-day usage , the balls are hard . A tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World 's Fair spurred interest in the game . The Amateur Softball Association ( ASA ) of America ( founded 1933 ) is one of the largest governing bodies for the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships . Other national and regional governing bodies also exist , including the USSSA . The World Baseball Softball Confederation ( WBSC ) regulates rules of play in more than 110 countries , including the United States and Canada ; before the WBSC was formed in 2013 , the International Softball Federation filled this role . Women 's fast pitch softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996 , but it and baseball were dropped from the 2012 program ; they are to be reinstated in 2020 . There are three types of softball ."}]}, {'value': 'Landesliga Bayern', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsberg BB-Dance Camp', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dance', 'summary': 'Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement . This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value , and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture . [ nb 1 ] Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography , by its repertoire of movements , or by its historical period or place of origin . An important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance , although these two categories are not always completely separate ; both may have special functions , whether social , ceremonial , competitive , erotic , martial , or sacred/liturgical . Other forms of human movement are sometimes said to have a dance-like quality , including martial arts , gymnastics , cheerleading , figure skating , synchronised swimming , marching bands , and many other forms of athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Boogie Woogie Dance Festival', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sports', 'section_text': 'Landsberg is home to the following sports clubs :', 'uid': 'Landsberg_am_Lech_0', 'intro': 'Landsberg am Lech (Landsberg on the river Lech) is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany, about 65 kilometers west of Munich and 35 kilometers south of Augsburg. It is the capital of the district of Landsberg am Lech.'}
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For the League that was established in 1882 , how many divisions did it increase to ?
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five
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5', 'title': 'Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 5', 'header': ['#', 'Title', 'Characters', 'Year', 'Series'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bacall to Arms', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacall_to_Arms', 'summary': "Bacall to Arms is a 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series , planned by Bob Clampett , in his second-to-last cartoon at Warner Bros. ( The Big Snooze would be the last ) and was finished by Arthur Davis and supervised by Friz Freleng . The title refers both to Hemingway 's A Farewell to Arms and actress Lauren Bacall , whose acclaimed film debut was in To Have and Have Not , based on another Hemingway novel , as well as a play on the term A Call to Arms ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 3 , 1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buckaroo Bugs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buckaroo_Bugs', 'summary': 'Buckaroo Bugs is a 1944 Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Bob Clampett .'}]}, {'value': 'Bugs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bugs_Bunny', 'summary': "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character , created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions ( later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc . Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films , produced by Warner Bros . Though a similar character called Happy Rabbit debuted in the WB cartoon Porky 's Hare Hunt ( 1938 ) and appeared in a few subsequent shorts , the definitive character of Bugs is widely credited to have made his debut in director Tex Avery 's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare ( 1940 ) . Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray and white rabbit or hare who is famous for his flippant , insouciant personality . He is also characterized by a Brooklyn accent , his portrayal as a trickster , and his catch phrase Eh.What 's up , doc ? . Due to Bugs ' popularity during the golden age of American animation , he became not only an American cultural icon and the official mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment , but also one of the most recognizable characters in the world . He can thus be seen in the older Warner Bros. company logos . Since his debut , Bugs has appeared in various short films , feature films , compilations , TV series , music records , comics , video games , award shows , amusement park rides , and commercials . He has also appeared in more films than any other cartoon character , is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world , and has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'August 26 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crazy Cruise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crazy_Cruise', 'summary': 'Crazy Cruise is a 1942 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series . It was directed by Tex Avery and Bob Clampett , whose names do not appear on the surviving print of the cartoon . Because Tex left the studio in September 1941 before production was completed ( it was the last he worked on ) , Clampett finished it , and both names were officially left off the credits . The only credits given are the story by Michael Maltese , animation by Rod Scribner , and musical direction by Carl Stalling .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 14 , 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Farm Frolics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Farm_Frolics', 'summary': 'Farm Frolics is a 1941 Merrie Melodies cartoon supervised by Bob Clampett .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 10 , 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Hare Ribbin '", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Hare_Ribbin'", 'summary': "Hare Ribbin ' is a 1944 animated short film in the Merrie Melodies series , directed by Robert Clampett and featuring Bugs Bunny . The plot features Bugs ' conflict with a red-haired hound dog , whom the rabbit sets out to evade and make a fool of using one-liners , reverse psychology , disguises and other tricks . It was released in theaters by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 24 , 1944 . The title is a pun on hair ribbon . It is also the first Warner Bros. cartoon to include Bugs ' head in the open title sequence ."}]}, {'value': 'Bugs , Willoughby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bugs_Bunny', 'summary': "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character , created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions ( later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc . Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films , produced by Warner Bros . Though a similar character called Happy Rabbit debuted in the WB cartoon Porky 's Hare Hunt ( 1938 ) and appeared in a few subsequent shorts , the definitive character of Bugs is widely credited to have made his debut in director Tex Avery 's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare ( 1940 ) . Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray and white rabbit or hare who is famous for his flippant , insouciant personality . He is also characterized by a Brooklyn accent , his portrayal as a trickster , and his catch phrase Eh.What 's up , doc ? . Due to Bugs ' popularity during the golden age of American animation , he became not only an American cultural icon and the official mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment , but also one of the most recognizable characters in the world . He can thus be seen in the older Warner Bros. company logos . Since his debut , Bugs has appeared in various short films , feature films , compilations , TV series , music records , comics , video games , award shows , amusement park rides , and commercials . He has also appeared in more films than any other cartoon character , is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world , and has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'June 24 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patient Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patient_Porky', 'summary': 'Patient Porky is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon , starring Porky Pig . It was directed by Bob Clampett , written by Warren Foster , and scored by Carl W. Stalling . Patient Porky was released on August 24 , 1940 .'}]}, {'value': 'Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porky_Pig', 'summary': "Porky Pig is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts featuring the character . Even after he was supplanted by later characters , Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and , more importantly , the Warners directors , who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles . He is known for his signature line at the end of many shorts , Th-th-th-that 's all folks ! This slogan ( without stuttering ) had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons . In contrast , the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan : So Long , Folks ! until the mid 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series ( when Bugs Bunny was the closing character , he would break the pattern by simply saying , in his Brooklynese accent , And Dat 's De End ! ) . He is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character . Porky 's most distinctive trait is a severe stutter , for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words ; for example , What 's going on ? might become What 's guh-guh-guh-guh - .what 's happening ? Porky 's age varied widely in the series ; originally conceived as an innocent seven-year-old piglet ( explicitly mentioned as such in Porky 's Preview ) , Porky was more frequently cast as an adult , often being cast as the competent straight man in the series in later years . In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons , Porky Pig bursts through a bass drum head , and his attempt to close the show with The End becomes Th-Th-The , Th-Th-The , Th-Th ."}]}, {'value': 'August 24 , 1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prehistoric Porky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porky_Pig', 'summary': "Porky Pig is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts featuring the character . Even after he was supplanted by later characters , Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and , more importantly , the Warners directors , who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles . He is known for his signature line at the end of many shorts , Th-th-th-that 's all folks ! This slogan ( without stuttering ) had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons . In contrast , the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan : So Long , Folks ! until the mid 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series ( when Bugs Bunny was the closing character , he would break the pattern by simply saying , in his Brooklynese accent , And Dat 's De End ! ) . He is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character . Porky 's most distinctive trait is a severe stutter , for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words ; for example , What 's going on ? might become What 's guh-guh-guh-guh - .what 's happening ? Porky 's age varied widely in the series ; originally conceived as an innocent seven-year-old piglet ( explicitly mentioned as such in Porky 's Preview ) , Porky was more frequently cast as an adult , often being cast as the competent straight man in the series in later years . In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons , Porky Pig bursts through a bass drum head , and his attempt to close the show with The End becomes Th-Th-The , Th-Th-The , Th-Th ."}]}, {'value': 'October 12 , 1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bashful Buzzard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bashful_Buzzard', 'summary': 'The Bashful Buzzard is a 7-minute animated cartoon completed in 1944 and released on September 15 , 1945 . It is directed by Robert Clampett and features the character Beaky Buzzard . This is the last cartoon in which Kent Rogers performed voices , as he died in a training flight accident on July 9 , 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Beaky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Looney_Tunes_and_Merrie_Melodies_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies characters .'}]}, {'value': 'September 15 , 1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Old Grey Hare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Old_Grey_Hare', 'summary': 'The Old Grey Hare is a 1944 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Bob Clampett .'}]}, {'value': 'Bugs , Elmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bugs_Bunny', 'summary': "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character , created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions ( later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc . Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films , produced by Warner Bros . Though a similar character called Happy Rabbit debuted in the WB cartoon Porky 's Hare Hunt ( 1938 ) and appeared in a few subsequent shorts , the definitive character of Bugs is widely credited to have made his debut in director Tex Avery 's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare ( 1940 ) . Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray and white rabbit or hare who is famous for his flippant , insouciant personality . He is also characterized by a Brooklyn accent , his portrayal as a trickster , and his catch phrase Eh.What 's up , doc ? . Due to Bugs ' popularity during the golden age of American animation , he became not only an American cultural icon and the official mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment , but also one of the most recognizable characters in the world . He can thus be seen in the older Warner Bros. company logos . Since his debut , Bugs has appeared in various short films , feature films , compilations , TV series , music records , comics , video games , award shows , amusement park rides , and commercials . He has also appeared in more films than any other cartoon character , is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world , and has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmer_Fudd', 'summary': "Elmer J. Fudd is a fictional cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies series , and an adversary of Bugs Bunny . He has one of the more disputed origins in the Warner Bros. cartoon pantheon ( second only to Bugs himself ) . His aim is to hunt Bugs , but he usually ends up seriously injuring himself and other antagonizing characters . He speaks in an unusual way , replacing his Rs and Ls with Ws , so he always refers to Bugs Bunny as a scwewy wabbit . Elmer 's signature catchphrase is , Shhh . Be vewy vewy quiet , I 'm hunting wabbits , as well as his trademark laughter . The best known Elmer Fudd cartoons include Chuck Jones ' work What 's Opera , Doc ? ( one of the few times Fudd bested Bugs , though he felt bad about it ) , the Rossini parody Rabbit of Seville , and the Hunting Trilogy of Rabbit Season/Duck Season shorts ( Rabbit Fire , Rabbit Seasoning , and Duck ! Rabbit , Duck ! ) with Fudd , Bugs Bunny , and Daffy Duck . An earlier character named Egghead set some of Elmer 's aspects before the character 's more conspicuous features were set ."}]}, {'value': 'October 28 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wacky Wabbit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wacky_Wabbit', 'summary': 'The Wacky Wabbit is a 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Bob Clampett . It stars Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd ( voiced by Mel Blanc and Arthur Q. Bryan , respectively ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Bugs , Elmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bugs_Bunny', 'summary': "Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character , created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions ( later Warner Bros. Cartoons ) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc . Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films , produced by Warner Bros . Though a similar character called Happy Rabbit debuted in the WB cartoon Porky 's Hare Hunt ( 1938 ) and appeared in a few subsequent shorts , the definitive character of Bugs is widely credited to have made his debut in director Tex Avery 's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare ( 1940 ) . Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray and white rabbit or hare who is famous for his flippant , insouciant personality . He is also characterized by a Brooklyn accent , his portrayal as a trickster , and his catch phrase Eh.What 's up , doc ? . Due to Bugs ' popularity during the golden age of American animation , he became not only an American cultural icon and the official mascot of Warner Bros. Entertainment , but also one of the most recognizable characters in the world . He can thus be seen in the older Warner Bros. company logos . Since his debut , Bugs has appeared in various short films , feature films , compilations , TV series , music records , comics , video games , award shows , amusement park rides , and commercials . He has also appeared in more films than any other cartoon character , is the 9th most-portrayed film personality in the world , and has his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmer_Fudd', 'summary': "Elmer J. Fudd is a fictional cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies series , and an adversary of Bugs Bunny . He has one of the more disputed origins in the Warner Bros. cartoon pantheon ( second only to Bugs himself ) . His aim is to hunt Bugs , but he usually ends up seriously injuring himself and other antagonizing characters . He speaks in an unusual way , replacing his Rs and Ls with Ws , so he always refers to Bugs Bunny as a scwewy wabbit . Elmer 's signature catchphrase is , Shhh . Be vewy vewy quiet , I 'm hunting wabbits , as well as his trademark laughter . The best known Elmer Fudd cartoons include Chuck Jones ' work What 's Opera , Doc ? ( one of the few times Fudd bested Bugs , though he felt bad about it ) , the Rossini parody Rabbit of Seville , and the Hunting Trilogy of Rabbit Season/Duck Season shorts ( Rabbit Fire , Rabbit Seasoning , and Duck ! Rabbit , Duck ! ) with Fudd , Bugs Bunny , and Daffy Duck . An earlier character named Egghead set some of Elmer 's aspects before the character 's more conspicuous features were set ."}]}, {'value': 'May 2 , 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wise Quacking Duck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wise_Quacking_Duck', 'summary': 'The Wise Quacking Duck is a 1943 Looney Tunes cartoon released by Warner Bros. on May 1 , 1943 . It stars Daffy Duck .'}]}, {'value': 'Daffy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daffy_Duck', 'summary': "Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character produced by Warner Bros. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck , the character has appeared in cartoon series such as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies , in which he usually has been depicted as a foil for Bugs Bunny . Daffy was one of the first of the new screwball characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier during the decade , such as Mickey Mouse and Popeye . Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age , making him the third-most frequent character in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons , behind Bugs Bunny 's 167 appearances and Porky Pig 's 162 appearances . Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character . Directors such as Bob Clampett , Robert McKimson , and Chuck Jones are notable examples of the character . Daffy was number 14 on TV Guide 's list of top 50 greatest cartoon characters ."}]}, {'value': 'May 1 , 1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wagon Heels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wagon_Heels', 'summary': "Wagon Heels is a Merrie Melodies short directed by Bob Clampett . Released on July 28 , 1945 , it is a color remake of the 1938 Looney Tunes black-and-white short Injun Trouble . Because of its perceived wildly stereotypical and insensitive depiction of the Native American , it is seldom shown on television . [ citation needed ] All voices except narration and Sloppy Moe are performed by Mel Blanc , whose screen credit is his first in a non-Bugs Bunny cartoon . In addition to the usual Native American stereotype music , Carl Stalling 's underscore frequently plays segments of the American Civil War tune , Kingdom Coming , even converting it to a minor key in one segment . Oh ! Susanna is also heard repeatedly in the underscore ."}]}, {'value': 'Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porky_Pig', 'summary': "Porky Pig is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts featuring the character . Even after he was supplanted by later characters , Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and , more importantly , the Warners directors , who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles . He is known for his signature line at the end of many shorts , Th-th-th-that 's all folks ! This slogan ( without stuttering ) had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons . In contrast , the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan : So Long , Folks ! until the mid 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series ( when Bugs Bunny was the closing character , he would break the pattern by simply saying , in his Brooklynese accent , And Dat 's De End ! ) . He is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character . Porky 's most distinctive trait is a severe stutter , for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words ; for example , What 's going on ? might become What 's guh-guh-guh-guh - .what 's happening ? Porky 's age varied widely in the series ; originally conceived as an innocent seven-year-old piglet ( explicitly mentioned as such in Porky 's Preview ) , Porky was more frequently cast as an adult , often being cast as the competent straight man in the series in later years . In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons , Porky Pig bursts through a bass drum head , and his attempt to close the show with The End becomes Th-Th-The , Th-Th-The , Th-Th ."}]}, {'value': 'July 28 , 1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Daffy Doc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Daffy_Doc', 'summary': 'The Daffy Doc is a 1938 Looney Tunes cartoon supervised by Bob Clampett ( credited as Robert Clampett ) and starring Porky Pig and Daffy Duck . This cartoon was produced by Leon Schlesinger and released by Vitaphone and Warner Bros .'}]}, {'value': 'Daffy , Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daffy_Duck', 'summary': "Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character produced by Warner Bros. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck , the character has appeared in cartoon series such as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies , in which he usually has been depicted as a foil for Bugs Bunny . Daffy was one of the first of the new screwball characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier during the decade , such as Mickey Mouse and Popeye . Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age , making him the third-most frequent character in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons , behind Bugs Bunny 's 167 appearances and Porky Pig 's 162 appearances . Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character . Directors such as Bob Clampett , Robert McKimson , and Chuck Jones are notable examples of the character . Daffy was number 14 on TV Guide 's list of top 50 greatest cartoon characters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Porky_Pig', 'summary': "Porky Pig is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts featuring the character . Even after he was supplanted by later characters , Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and , more importantly , the Warners directors , who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles . He is known for his signature line at the end of many shorts , Th-th-th-that 's all folks ! This slogan ( without stuttering ) had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons . In contrast , the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan : So Long , Folks ! until the mid 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series ( when Bugs Bunny was the closing character , he would break the pattern by simply saying , in his Brooklynese accent , And Dat 's De End ! ) . He is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character . Porky 's most distinctive trait is a severe stutter , for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words ; for example , What 's going on ? might become What 's guh-guh-guh-guh - .what 's happening ? Porky 's age varied widely in the series ; originally conceived as an innocent seven-year-old piglet ( explicitly mentioned as such in Porky 's Preview ) , Porky was more frequently cast as an adult , often being cast as the competent straight man in the series in later years . In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons , Porky Pig bursts through a bass drum head , and his attempt to close the show with The End becomes Th-Th-The , Th-Th-The , Th-Th ."}]}, {'value': 'November 26 , 1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Tale of Two Kitties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Kitties', 'summary': "A Tale of Two Kitties is a 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Bob Clampett , written by Warren Foster , and features music by Carl W. Stalling . This short subject is notable for being Tweety Bird 's debut , although known as Orson in this short , according to the staff . It was also the first appearance of Babbit and Catstello , based on the popular comedy duo Abbott and Costello . The title is an obvious pun on the Charles Dickens classic , A Tale of Two Cities . Even in this initial appearance , Tweety reveals early on that his cute appearance masks a willingness to be merciless , even sadistic , towards anyone who threatens him . After slipping one of the cats a bomb which explodes ( offscreen ) , the bird remarks , Aw , da poor putty tat - he cwushed his widdow head ! Followed by a big grin . ( This line was patterned after a catchphrase from a Red Skelton character , and would be used in other Warner cartoons , such as Easter Yeggs . ) This is one of the few Tweety shorts that did not feature his main antagonist Sylvester , who would make his official debut in Life with Feathers ( 1945 ) . A Tale of Two Kitties is remarkable due to a clearly adult reference in 1942 . Catstello broke the fourth wall , took a direct shot at the Hays Office , and made a thinly-veiled reference to giving the middle finger . United Artists failed to renew the copyright in time in 1970 , so the short is now in the public domain in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Tweety', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tweety', 'summary': "Tweety is a yellow canary in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons . The name Tweety is a play on words , as it originally meant sweetie , along with tweet being an English onomatopoeia for the sounds of birds . His characteristics are based on Red Skelton 's famous Mean Widdle Kid . Tweety appeared in 46 cartoons during the golden age ."}]}, {'value': 'November 21 , 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Porky 's Pooch", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Porky's_Pooch", 'summary': "Porky 's Pooch is a 1941 Warner Bros. cartoon directed by Bob Clampett . The short was written by Warren Foster and animated by I . ( Izzy ) Ellis with additional animation by John Carey , Vive Risto , who are both uncredited . This is the last short Bob Clampett directed that used his old unit , which would ultimately be inherited by Norm McCabe the same year . Clampett directed shorts using Tex Averys former unit from this point foreword ."}]}, {'value': 'Porky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porky_Pig', 'summary': "Porky Pig is an animated character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators created many critically acclaimed shorts featuring the character . Even after he was supplanted by later characters , Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and , more importantly , the Warners directors , who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles . He is known for his signature line at the end of many shorts , Th-th-th-that 's all folks ! This slogan ( without stuttering ) had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of Looney Tunes cartoons . In contrast , the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan : So Long , Folks ! until the mid 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series ( when Bugs Bunny was the closing character , he would break the pattern by simply saying , in his Brooklynese accent , And Dat 's De End ! ) . He is the oldest continuing Looney Tunes character . Porky 's most distinctive trait is a severe stutter , for which he sometimes compensates by replacing his words ; for example , What 's going on ? might become What 's guh-guh-guh-guh - .what 's happening ? Porky 's age varied widely in the series ; originally conceived as an innocent seven-year-old piglet ( explicitly mentioned as such in Porky 's Preview ) , Porky was more frequently cast as an adult , often being cast as the competent straight man in the series in later years . In the ending of many Looney Tunes cartoons , Porky Pig bursts through a bass drum head , and his attempt to close the show with The End becomes Th-Th-The , Th-Th-The , Th-Th ."}]}, {'value': 'December 27 , 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Disc 3 : Putting a Bob Clampett on It', 'section_text': 'All cartoons on this disc are directed by Bob Clampett .', 'uid': 'Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5_2', 'intro': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD. Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes, it was released on October 30, 2007. The four discs in this collection are devoted to themes and subjects the cartoons in each disc have in common. The first disc consists entirely of cartoons starring the two top stars of Warner cartoons, Bugs Bunny and/or Daffy Duck. The second disc consists entirely of cartoons which lampoon fairy tales. The third disc consists entirely of cartoons either directed or co-directed by Bob Clampett. The fourth disc titled Early Daze features rarely seen cartoons from the 1930s and early 1940s which were made in black-and-white. Continuing a pattern which began with Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3, the DVD set has a warning in the beginning of each disc that states that some of the cartoons contain ethnic and racial stereotypes that may be offensive to modern audiences; however, like the fourth volume, the warning is shown on a title card rather than done as a special introduction. This volume did not sell as well as the previous volumes did, mainly due to the slump of the country's economy at this point, and partly due to stiff competition from DVD release of rival studio Pixar's Ratatouille. As a result, it was decided that both this and Volume 6 release outside of North America would be delayed/not occur. [citation needed] Eventually, the fifth volume was released on April 18, 2011 in Region 2 UK."}
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The cartoon with the earliest date was put out by what company ?
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Vitaphone and Warner Bros
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030ef53f4706d0b2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Czechoslovak_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film', 'title': 'List of Czechoslovak submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film', 'header': ['Year ( Ceremony )', 'Film title used in nomination', 'Original title', 'Director', 'Republic of production', 'Result'], 'data': [{'value': '1964 ( 37th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1964 in film involved some significant events , including two highly successful musical films , My Fair Lady and Mary Poppins .'}, {'url': '/wiki/37th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 37th Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1964 . For the first time , an award was presented in the field of makeup . The Best Picture winner of 1964 , director George Cukor 's My Fair Lady , was about the transformative training of a rough-speaking flower girl into a lady . The musical had run for many years on the stage in both NYC and London . Audrey Hepburn , the female lead of the film , was controversially not nominated for Best Actress . The unpopularity of her replacing Julie Andrews - who had originated the role on Broadway and , coincidentally , the Best Actress winner of the year for Mary Poppins - as well as the revelation that the majority of her singing was dubbed by Marni Nixon ( which was n't approved by Hepburn herself ) were seen as the main reasons for the snub . The ceremony was produced by MGM 's Joe Pasternak and hosted , for the 14th time , by Bob Hope . The awards show was a star-studded one , including an appearance by Judy Garland , who sang a medley of Cole Porter songs in tribute to the composer , who had died in October 1964 . This event marked the first time that more than two films had received ten or more nominations ( repeated at the 50th and 92nd Academy Awards ) , and the only time in Oscar history that three films got twelve or more nominations : Becket and My Fair Lady each received twelve , while Mary Poppins received thirteen . It was also the first year since the inception of the Supporting Actor and Actress categories wherein all four acting Oscars were won by non-American performers ; this would be repeated at the 80th Academy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Lemonade Joe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lemonade_Joe', 'summary': 'Lemonade Joe , or the Horse Opera ( Czech : Limonádový Joe aneb Koňská opera ) is a 1964 Czechoslovak musical comedy film , directed by Oldřich Lipský and written by Jiří Brdečka , based on his novel and stage play . A parody of the American Western , the film centers on a clean-living , soft-drink-selling gunfighter who takes on a town full of whiskey-drinking cowboys .'}]}, {'value': 'Limonádový Joe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oldřich Lipský', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldřich_Lipský', 'summary': 'Oldřich Lipský ( 4 July 1924 - 19 October 1986 ) was a popular and influential Czech film director , brother of actor Lubomír Lipský .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965 ( 38th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1965_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1965 in film involved some significant events , with The Sound of Music topping the U.S. box office .'}, {'url': '/wiki/38th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 38th Academy Awards , honoring the best in film for 1965 , were held on April 18 , 1966 , at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica , California . They were hosted by Bob Hope . The ceremony was broadcast on the ABC network and was the first to be broadcast live in color . The two most nominated films were The Sound of Music and Doctor Zhivago , each with ten nominations and five wins . The winner of Best Picture was 20th Century Fox 's and Robert Wise 's The Sound of Music , adapted from the Rodgers and Hammerstein 's Broadway musical . Both movies are in the top 10 inflation-adjusted commercially successful films ever made , and both would appear 33 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the twentieth century . The Sound of Music was the first Best Picture winner without a screenwriting nomination since Hamlet ; it would be the last until Titanic at the 70th Academy Awards . Othello became the third film ( of four to date ) to receive four acting nominations without one for Best Picture . Lynda Bird Johnson , daughter of President Lyndon B. Johnson , attended the Academy Awards presentation and was escorted by actor George Hamilton ."}]}, {'value': 'The Shop on Main Street', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street', 'summary': "The Shop on Main Street ( Czech/Slovak : Obchod na korze ; in the UK The Shop on the High Street ) is a 1965 Czechoslovak film about the Aryanization programme during World War II in the Slovak State . The film was written by Ladislav Grosman and directed by Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos . It was funded by Czechoslovakia 's central authorities ( as were all films under the Communist regime ) , produced at the Barrandov Film Studio in Prague , and filmed with a Slovak cast on location at the town of Sabinov in north-eastern Slovakia and on the Barrandov sound stage . It stars Jozef Kroner as carpenter Tóno Brtko and Polish actress Ida Kamińska as the Jewish widow Rozália Lautmannová . The film won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and Kamińska was nominated one year later for Best Actress in a Leading Role . The film was entered into the 1965 Cannes Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Obchod na korze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ján Kadár & Elmar Klos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ján_Kadár', 'summary': 'Ján Kadár ( 1 April 1918 - 1 June 1979 ) was a Hungarian-born Slovak film writer and director of Jewish heritage . As a filmmaker , he worked in Czechoslovakia , the United States , and Canada . Most of his films were directed in tandem with Elmar Klos . The two became best known for their Oscar-winning The Shop on Main Street ( Obchod na korze , 1965 ) . As a professor at FAMU ( Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts ) in Prague , Kadár trained most of the directors who spawned the Czechoslovak New Wave in the 1960s . After moving to the United States , he became professor of film direction at the American Film Institute in Beverly Hills . His personal life as well as his films encompassed and spanned a range of cultures : Jewish , Slovak , Hungarian , Czech , and American . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmar_Klos', 'summary': 'Elmar Klos ( 26 January 1910 - 31 July 1993 ) was a film director from Czechoslovak who collaborated for 17 years with his Slovak colleague Ján Kadár and with him won the 1965 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film with the film The Shop on Main Street . Both of them co-directed the 1963 film Death Is Called Engelchen , which was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Golden Prize .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic ( though filmed in Sabinov , Slovakia in the Slovak language )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Won Academy Award', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966 ( 39th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1966 in film involved some significant events . A Man for All Seasons won six Academy Awards , including Best Picture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/39th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 39th Academy Awards , honoring the best in film for 1966 , were held on April 10 , 1967 , at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica , California . They were hosted by Bob Hope . Only two of the Best Picture nominees were nominated for Best Director : A Man for All Seasons and Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? Both were adaptations of stage dramas ."}]}, {'value': 'Loves of a Blonde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loves_of_a_Blonde', 'summary': 'Loves of a Blonde ( Czech : Lásky jedné plavovlásky ) , also known as A Blonde in Love , is a 1965 Czechoslovak ensemble comedy film directed by Miloš Forman that follows a young woman , Andula , who has a routine job in a shoe factory in provincial Czechoslovakia , and her attempts at forging a romantic relationship . Forman based his story on a real-world incident from his past and the filmmakers focused much of their attention on trying to create a real-life look and feel by filming on location in a small Czech town with a shoe factory of its own , utilizing a largely non-professional cast , relying on a considerable amount of dialogue improvisation , and employing documentary-style cinematographic techniques . Upon its release , Loves of a Blonde was a popular success in its home country and was shown at some major film festivals , where it was well-received , garnering a number of nominations and awards . Critical response was largely positive , although some reviewers were less enthusiastic than others . The film is now considered one of the most significant examples of the Czech New Wave , a movement which took advantage of a temporary relaxation of totalitarian control over creative artists to use cinema as a means to explore new narrative strategies while making pointed critiques of social and political conditions behind the Iron Curtain . Loves of a Blonde was nominated for the 1966 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film .'}]}, {'value': 'Lásky jedné plavovlásky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miloš Forman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miloš_Forman', 'summary': "Jan Tomáš Miloš Forman ( /ˈmiːloʊʃ/ ; Czech : [ ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman ] ; 18 February 1932 - 13 April 2018 ) was a Czech-American film director , screenwriter , actor , and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968 . Forman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave . Film scholars and Czechoslovakian authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen 's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism , and it was banned for many years in his home country . He left Czechoslovakia for the United States , and his films One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and Amadeus ( 1984 ) acquired particular renown and for both films he won the Academy Award for Best Director . One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest was the second film to win all five major Academy Awards ( Best Picture , Actor in Leading Role , Actress in Leading Role , Director , and Screenplay ) . Forman also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director for The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) . He also won Golden Globe , Cannes , Berlinale , BAFTA , Cesar , David di Donatello , European Film Academy , and Czech Lion awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967 ( 40th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1967_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1967 in film involved some significant events . It is widely considered as one of the most ground-breaking years in film , with revolutionary films highlighting the change , including : Bonnie and Clyde , The Graduate , Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner , Cool Hand Luke , The Dirty Dozen , In Cold Blood , In the Heat of the Night , The Jungle Book and You Only Live Twice ."}, {'url': '/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 40th Academy Awards honored film achievements of 1967 . Originally scheduled for April 8 , 1968 , the awards were postponed to two days later , April 10 , 1968 , because of the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Bob Hope was once again the host of the ceremony . Due to the increasing rarity of black and white feature films , the awards for cinematography , art direction and costume design were combined into single categories rather than a distinction between color and monochrome . The Best Picture nominees were an eclectic group of films reflecting the chaos of their era . The event was the first one since the 1948 awards show to feature film clips from the Best Picture nominated films . This year 's nominations also marked the first time that three different films were nominated for the Top Five Academy Awards : Best Picture , Director , Actor , Actress and Screenplay . The three films were Bonnie and Clyde , The Graduate and Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner . However , the winner of Best Picture was producer Walter Mirisch and director Norman Jewison 's thriller/mystery film , In the Heat of the Night ( with seven nominations and five wins - Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Screenplay , Best Film Editing and Best Sound ) . The Graduate is , as of the 91st Academy Awards , the last film to win Best Director and nothing else . Due to an all-out push by Academy President Gregory Peck , 18 of the 20 acting nominees were present at the ceremony . Only Katharine Hepburn and the late Spencer Tracy , who was nominated posthumously , were missing ."}]}, {'value': 'Closely Watched Trains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Closely_Watched_Trains', 'summary': 'Closely Watched Trains ( Czech : Ostře sledované vlaky ) is a 1966 Czechoslovak film directed by Jiří Menzel and is one of the best-known products of the Czechoslovak New Wave . It was released in the United Kingdom as Closely Observed Trains . It is a coming-of-age story about a young man working at a train station in German-occupied Czechoslovakia during World War II . The film is based on a 1965 novel by Bohumil Hrabal . It was produced by Barrandov Studios and filmed on location in Central Bohemia . Released outside Czechoslovakia during 1967 , it won the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 40th Academy Awards in 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ostře sledované vlaky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Menzel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Menzel', 'summary': 'Jiří Menzel ( Czech : [ ˈjɪr̝iː ˈmɛntsl̩ ] ( listen ) ) ( born 23 February 1938 , Prague ) is a Czech film director , theatre director , actor , and screenwriter . His films often combine a humanistic view of the world with sarcasm and provocative cinematography . [ citation needed ] Some of these films are adapted from works by Czech writers such as Bohumil Hrabal and Vladislav Vančura . Menzel , a member of the Czech New Wave , became internationally famous in 1967 , when his first feature film , Closely Watched Trains , won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His film Larks on a String was filmed in 1969 , but was banned by the Czechoslovakian government . It was finally released in 1990 after the fall of the Communist regime . The film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival . Menzel was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film again in 1986 with his dark comedy My Sweet Little Village . In 1987 , he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1989 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival . In 1995 he was a member of the jury at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival . He was awarded a IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Won Academy Award', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968 ( 41st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_in_film', 'summary': 'The top ten 1968 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows :'}, {'url': '/wiki/41st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 41st Academy Awards were presented on April 14 , 1969 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be staged at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion . For the first time since the 11th Academy Awards , there was no host . Oliver ! is the only winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture to receive a G-rating prior to winning the award ( several earlier Best Picture winners have received the same rating retroactively ) . By contrast , the following year would see the only X-rated film to win Best Picture , Midnight Cowboy . Oliver ! would also be the last British film to win Best Picture until Chariots of Fire in 1982 and the last movie musical to win until Chicago in 2003 ( though others have been nominated between 1969 and 2003 : Hello , Dolly ! , Fiddler on the Roof , Cabaret , All That Jazz , Beauty and the Beast , and Moulin Rouge ! ) . The year was notable for the first - and so far , only - tie for Best Actress ( or any female acting category ) . Katharine Hepburn in The Lion in Winter and Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl shared the award . Hepburn also became the second actress and third performer overall to win an acting Oscar two years in a row , after Luise Rainer in 1936 ( The Great Ziegfeld ) and 1937 ( The Good Earth ) , and Spencer Tracy in 1937 ( Captains Courageous ) and 1938 ( Boys Town ) . The previous year , Hepburn had won Best Actress for Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner ."}]}, {'value': "The Firemen 's Ball", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Firemen's_Ball", 'summary': "The Firemen 's Ball ( or The Fireman 's Ball ; Czech : Hoří , má panenko ) is a 1967 comedy film directed by Miloš Forman . It is set at the annual ball of a small town 's volunteer fire department , and the plot portrays the series of disasters that occur during the evening . The film uses few professional actors - some firemen portrayed are played by the firemen of the small town where it was filmed . In its portrayal of the prevailing corruption of the local community , and the collapse even of well-intentioned plans , the film has been interpreted as a satire on the Communist system by foreign film critics . The Firemen 's Ball was the last film Forman made in his native Czechoslovakia before going into USA . It is also the first film he shot in color , and a milestone of the Czechoslovak New Wave ."}]}, {'value': 'Hoří , má panenko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miloš Forman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miloš_Forman', 'summary': "Jan Tomáš Miloš Forman ( /ˈmiːloʊʃ/ ; Czech : [ ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman ] ; 18 February 1932 - 13 April 2018 ) was a Czech-American film director , screenwriter , actor , and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968 . Forman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave . Film scholars and Czechoslovakian authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen 's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism , and it was banned for many years in his home country . He left Czechoslovakia for the United States , and his films One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and Amadeus ( 1984 ) acquired particular renown and for both films he won the Academy Award for Best Director . One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest was the second film to win all five major Academy Awards ( Best Picture , Actor in Leading Role , Actress in Leading Role , Director , and Screenplay ) . Forman also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director for The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) . He also won Golden Globe , Cannes , Berlinale , BAFTA , Cesar , David di Donatello , European Film Academy , and Czech Lion awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969 ( 42nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1969 in film involved some significant events , with Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid dominating the U.S. box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of all time and Midnight Cowboy , a film rated X , winning the Academy Award for Best Picture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/42nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 42nd Academy Awards were presented April 7 , 1970 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California . For the second year in a row , there was no official host . Awards were presented by seventeen Friends of Oscar : Bob Hope , John Wayne , Barbra Streisand , Fred Astaire , Jon Voight , Myrna Loy , Clint Eastwood , Raquel Welch , Candice Bergen , James Earl Jones , Katharine Ross , Cliff Robertson , Ali MacGraw , Barbara McNair , Elliott Gould , Claudia Cardinale , and Elizabeth Taylor . This was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be broadcast via satellite to an international audience , but only outside North America . Mexico and Brazil were the sole countries to broadcast the event live . This is currently the highest rated of the televised Academy Awards ceremonies , according to Nielsen ratings . Midnight Cowboy became the first - and so far , the only - X-rated film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture . Its rating has since been downgraded to R. The previous year had seen the only G-rated film to win Best Picture , Carol Reed 's Oliver ! . They Shoot Horses , Do n't They ? set an Oscar record by receiving nine nominations without one for Best Picture . This was the last time until the 68th Academy Awards wherein none of the four acting winners had appeared in Best Picture nominees , as well as the first time where every acting nomination , as well as every major nominated film , was in color ."}]}, {'value': 'The Cremator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cremator', 'summary': 'The Cremator ( Czech : Spalovač mrtvol ) is a 1969 Czechoslovak horror/drama film directed by Juraj Herz , based on a novel by Ladislav Fuks . The screenplay was written by Herz and Fuks . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 42nd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . In 1972 , it won the Festival de Cine de Sitges Best Film award , where it also received awards for its star Rudolf Hrušínský and cinematographer Stanislav Milota . The story is set in 1930s Prague , where the cremator Karel Kopfrkingl lives and works . It is often recognized as a follower of German Expressionist film and also as an example of the Czechoslovak New Wave . The film was banned after its premiere in 1969 , and remained in the vault until the collapse of the communist system in Czechoslovakia in 1989 [ citation needed ] . With a 90.2% score on the Czech and Slovak Movie Database as well as praise from movie critics , The Cremator is often considered to be one of the best movies ever made in Czechoslovakia . It has also gathered a prominent cult following .'}]}, {'value': 'Spalovač mrtvol', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juraj Herz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juraj_Herz', 'summary': "Juraj Herz ( 4 September 1934 - 8 April 2018 ) was a Czech film director , actor , and scene designer , associated with the Czechoslovak New Wave movement of the 1960s . He is best known for his 1968 horror/black comedy The Cremator , often cited as one of the best Czechoslovak films of all time , though many of his other films achieved cult status . He directed for both film and television , and in the latter capacity he directed episodes of a French-Czech television series based on George Simenon 's Maigret novels ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973 ( 46th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1973_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1973 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/46th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 46th Academy Awards were presented on Tuesday , April 2 , 1974 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California . The ceremonies were presided over by Burt Reynolds , Diana Ross , John Huston , and David Niven . The Sting won 7 awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for George Roy Hill . The Exorcist and The Way We Were were the only other films to win multiple awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Days of Betrayal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Days_of_Betrayal', 'summary': 'Days of Betrayal ( Czech : Dny zrady ) is a 1973 Czechoslovakian drama film directed by Otakar Vávra . The film was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Diploma . It was also selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 46th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Dny zrady I', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otakar Vávra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otakar_Vávra', 'summary': 'Otakar Vávra ( 28 February 1911 - 15 September 2011 ) was a Czech film director , screenwriter and pedagogue . He was born in Hradec Králové , Austria-Hungary , now part of the Czech Republic .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974 ( 47th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1974 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/47th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 47th Academy Awards were presented Tuesday , April 8 , 1975 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California . The ceremonies were presided over by Bob Hope , Shirley MacLaine , Sammy Davis Jr. , and Frank Sinatra . This was the last year NBC aired the ceremonies before ABC secured broadcasting rights , which they still hold to this day . The success of The Godfather Part II was notable ; it received twice as many Oscars as its predecessor ( six ) and duplicated its feat of three Best Supporting Actor nominations ( as of the 90th Academy Awards , the last film to receive three nominations in a single acting category ) . Between the two of them , father and son Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola won four awards , with Carmine winning for Best Original Dramatic Score ( with Nino Rota ) and Francis for Picture , Director , and Best Screenplay Adapted from Other Material ( with Mario Puzo ) . This was the only Oscars where all nominees in one category were released by the same studio : all five Best Costume Design nominations were for films released by Paramount Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Lovers in the Year One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lovers_in_the_Year_One', 'summary': 'Lovers in the Year One ( Czech : Milenci v roce jedna ) is a 1973 Czechoslovakian drama film directed by Jaroslav Balík . It was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 47th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Milenci v roce jedna', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaroslav Balík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaroslav_Balík', 'summary': 'Jaroslav Balík ( 23 June 1924 - 17 October 1996 ) was a Czechoslovak film director and screenwriter . He directed 26 films between 1952 and 1987 .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975 ( 48th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1975 in film involved some significant events , with Steven Spielberg 's thriller Jaws topping the box office ."}, {'url': '/wiki/48th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 48th Academy Awards were presented Monday , March 29 , 1976 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC and continues to broadcast them today . The recent previous editions had been held on Tuesday night . ( NBC 's coverage of the NCAA championship basketball game aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as Indiana , 86-68 ; the undefeated Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA title that night in Philadelphia . The following year , the two events were again on the same night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a clean sweep of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1965 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhané Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee ( as well as the final person to receive an acting award born in the nineteenth century ) , a record that stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Circus in the Circus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Circus_in_the_Circus', 'summary': 'Circus in the Circus ( Czech : Cirkus v cirkuse ; Russian : Соло для слона с орекстром ) is a Czechoslovakian-Soviet comedy film directed by Oldřich Lipský and released in 1976 . The story takes place in the Big State Circus in Moscow where two international groups arrive simultaneously : a jury searching for outstanding numbers for the World Circus festival and a delegation of animal language scientists . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . All circus acts were performed by Moscow and Zaporizhia circus troupes .'}]}, {'value': 'Cirkus v cirkuse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oldřich Lipský', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldřich_Lipský', 'summary': 'Oldřich Lipský ( 4 July 1924 - 19 October 1986 ) was a popular and influential Czech film director , brother of actor Lubomír Lipský .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 ( 49th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1976 in film involved some significant events , such as Alfred Hitchcock 's final film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/49th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 49th Academy Awards were presented Monday , March 28 , 1977 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles , California . The ceremonies were presided over by Richard Pryor , Ellen Burstyn , Jane Fonda , and Warren Beatty . This Academy Awards ceremony is notable for Peter Finch becoming the first posthumous winner of an Oscar for acting , a feat matched only by fellow Australian Heath Ledger 32 years later ; Finch had suffered a fatal heart attack in mid-January . Beatrice Straight set another record by becoming the actor with the shortest performance ever in a film to win an acting Oscar , with only five minutes and two seconds of screen-time in Network . Network , along with All the President 's Men , were the two biggest champs of the ceremony with four Oscars each , but Best Picture and Best Director ultimately went to Rocky . Piper Laurie was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for Carrie ( 1976 ) , her first role since her Best Actress-nominated performance in The Hustler ( 1961 ) , thus being nominated for two consecutive roles , fifteen years apart . Network became the second film ( after A Streetcar Named Desire ) to win three acting Oscars , and the last , as of the 90th Academy Awards , to receive five acting nominations . It was also the eleventh of fifteen films ( to date ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories . This year 's Academy Awards is also notable for the first ever female nominee for Best Director , Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties . Barbra Streisand received her second Academy Award , composing music for the love theme Evergreen , the first woman to be honored as a composer , and as of the 90th Academy Awards , the only person to win Academy Awards for both acting and songwriting . No honorary awards were given this year . ABC had the Oscars from 1960-70 and had regained them for 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'One Silver Piece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_Silver_Piece', 'summary': 'One Silver Piece ( Czech : Jeden Stříbrný ) is a 1976 Czechoslovakian drama film directed by Jaroslav Balík . It was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeden stříbrný', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaroslav Balík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaroslav_Balík', 'summary': 'Jaroslav Balík ( 23 June 1924 - 17 October 1996 ) was a Czechoslovak film director and screenwriter . He directed 26 films between 1952 and 1987 .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978 ( 51st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1978_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1978 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/51st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 51st Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored films released in 1978 and took place on April 9 , 1979 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 7:00 p.m. PST / 10:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 22 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Jack Haley Jr. and directed by Marty Pasetta . Comedian and talk show host Johnny Carson hosted the show for the first time . Three days earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California , on April 6 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Gregory Peck and Christopher Reeve . The Deer Hunter won five awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Coming Home with three awards , Midnight Express with two awards , and The Buddy Holly Story , California Suite , Days of Heaven , Death on the Nile , The Flight of the Gossamer Condor , Get Out Your Handkerchiefs , Heaven Can Wait , Scared Straight ! , Special Delivery , Superman , Teenage Father and Thank God It 's Friday with one ."}]}, {'value': 'Nick Carter in Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dinner_for_Adele', 'summary': "Dinner for Adele ( Czech : Adéla ještě nevečeřela ) is a 1977 Czechoslovak comedy detective film directed by Oldřich Lipský . Alternative titles were Adele Has n't Had Her Dinner Yet , Nick Carter in Prague and Adele Has n't Had Her Supper Yet ."}]}, {'value': 'Adéla ještě nevečeřela', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oldřich Lipský', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldřich_Lipský', 'summary': 'Oldřich Lipský ( 4 July 1924 - 19 October 1986 ) was a popular and influential Czech film director , brother of actor Lubomír Lipský .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 ( 52nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1979 in film involved many significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/52nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their release from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry - the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever - and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .'}]}, {'value': 'Those Wonderful Men with a Crank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Those_Wonderful_Movie_Cranks', 'summary': 'Those Wonderful Movie Cranks ( Czech : Báječní muži s klikou ) is a 1978 Czech comedy film directed by Jiří Menzel . The film was selected as the Czech entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 52nd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Báječní muži s klikou', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Menzel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Menzel', 'summary': 'Jiří Menzel ( Czech : [ ˈjɪr̝iː ˈmɛntsl̩ ] ( listen ) ) ( born 23 February 1938 , Prague ) is a Czech film director , theatre director , actor , and screenwriter . His films often combine a humanistic view of the world with sarcasm and provocative cinematography . [ citation needed ] Some of these films are adapted from works by Czech writers such as Bohumil Hrabal and Vladislav Vančura . Menzel , a member of the Czech New Wave , became internationally famous in 1967 , when his first feature film , Closely Watched Trains , won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His film Larks on a String was filmed in 1969 , but was banned by the Czechoslovakian government . It was finally released in 1990 after the fall of the Communist regime . The film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival . Menzel was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film again in 1986 with his dark comedy My Sweet Little Village . In 1987 , he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1989 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival . In 1995 he was a member of the jury at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival . He was awarded a IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 ( 53rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1980 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/53rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 53rd Academy Awards , honoring the best in film for 1980 , were presented March 31 , 1981 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies , which were presided over by Johnny Carson , were originally scheduled for the previous day but were postponed due to the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan . David Lynch 's The Elephant Man and Martin Scorsese 's Raging Bull , with eight nominations each , had the most nominations of this year 's films . Their nominations included Best Picture , Best Actor and Best Director . Michael Apted 's Coal Miner 's Daughter received seven nominations while Ordinary People and Tess received six . The year 's winner of acting categories also marked as the closest span ever between the four winners , all of whom were under 40 when they won the award . Robert De Niro was 37 when awarded Best Actor , Sissy Spacek was 31 when awarded Best Actress , Timothy Hutton was 20 when awarded Best Supporting Actor , and Mary Steenburgen was 28 when awarded Best Supporting Actress . In addition , Hutton was the youngest ever Best Supporting Actor winner . His award was one of four that Ordinary People won , more than any other movie ; the movie also won Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Redford and Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Alvin Sargent . The lack of recognition for Christopher Tucker 's make-up work on The Elephant Man prompted the creation of the Academy Award for Best Makeup the following year . Best Supporting Actress nominee Eva Le Gallienne was born in 1899 , which made her the last acting nominee to be born in the nineteenth century . As of 2019 [ update ] , this is the earliest Oscars for which all five directing nominees are still living ."}]}, {'value': 'Love Between the Raindrops', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Love_Between_the_Raindrops', 'summary': 'Love Between the Raindrops ( Czech : Lásky mezi kapkami deště ) is a 1979 Czech drama film directed by Karel Kachyňa . The film was selected as the Czechoslovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 53rd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Lásky mezi kapkami deště', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karel Kachyňa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karel_Kachyňa', 'summary': 'Karel Kachyňa ( 1 May 1924 - 12 March 2004 ) was a Czech film director . His career spanned over five decades . He was married to Alena Mihulová . They had one daughter , Karolína , together . He was born in Vyškov , Czechoslovakia and died in Prague , Czech Republic . His 1961 film Pouta was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival . His 1986 film Forbidden Dreams was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981 ( 54th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1981_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1981 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/54th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 54th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1982 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson . Chariots of Fire was the surprise winner ( with a leading 12 nominations , Reds had been expected to win ) of the Best Picture Oscar . It was the first time in 13 years that a British film won the Academy 's top honor . The next year 's winner , Gandhi , was also a British production . Henry Fonda won his only competitive Oscar this year , as Best Actor for On Golden Pond . At 76 years of age , Fonda became the oldest winner in the Best Actor category in Academy history . The only other nomination he received in his career was Best Actor for his performance in The Grapes of Wrath 41 years earlier - a record gap between acting nominations . His co-star , Katharine Hepburn , won her fourth Best Actress award , extending her own record for the most Best Actress wins by any actress . This year 's nominations also marked the second time ( after 1967 ) that three different films were nominated for the Big Five Academy Awards : Best Picture , Director , Actor , Actress , and Screenplay . The three films were On Golden Pond , Atlantic City and Reds . However , none of them won the Best Picture prize , losing to Chariots of Fire ."}]}, {'value': 'The Divine Emma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Divine_Emma', 'summary': 'The Divine Emma ( Czech : Božská Ema ) is a Czech drama film directed by Jiří Krejčík . It was released in 1979 . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 54th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Božská Ema', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Krejčík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Krejčík', 'summary': "Jiří Krejčík ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈjɪr̝iː ˈkrɛjtʃiːk ] ; 26 June 1918 - 8 August 2013 ) was a Czech film director , screenwriter and actor . Born in 1918 in Prague , he began his film career as an extra for Barrandov Studios , during World War II . He then began creating short films and commercials . His first directorial feature film was 1947 's A Week in the Quiet House ( Týden v tichém domě ) , in which he wrote the screenplay based on the short stories of Jan Neruda . In 1948 , he directed Border Village ( Ves v pohraničí ) about a coal-mining village on the Czech border after World War II . He also wrote and directed different segments of the 1959 film Of Things Supernatural ( O vecech nadprirozených ) , which won him Special Mention at the Locarno International Film Festival . Other films of note are The Emperor and the Golem ( Císařův pekař a pekařův císař ) ( 1951 ) , from which he was replaced , and Divine Emma ( Božská Ema ) ( 1979 ) , which would be considered for the list of submissions to the 54th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . He would continue writing for film until 2003 and directing until 2010 . He also acted in films , such as 1999 's Cosy Dens ( Pelíšky ) , as well as in television series . Krejčík died on 8 August 2013 in a Prague hospital ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982 ( 55th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1982 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/55th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 55th Academy Awards were presented April 11 , 1983 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Liza Minnelli , Dudley Moore , Richard Pryor , and Walter Matthau . The awards were dominated by the Best Picture winner Gandhi , which won eight awards out of its eleven nominations . Jessica Lange became the first performer in four decades to receive nominations in both acting categories in the same year , ultimately winning Best Supporting Actress for Tootsie . Meryl Streep won her first Best Actress award . She had been nominated the year before for The French Lieutenant 's Woman and would be nominated for a record seventeen times in the following decades . Louis Gossett Jr. became the first African-American actor to win Best Supporting Actor for his performance as the tough and principled drill sergeant Emil Foley in An Officer and a Gentleman . This marked the first of 28 consecutive years where a Barbara Walters interview special aired before the ceremony . Walters had previously aired an interview special in 1981 and , in subsequent years , her special aired prior to the Academy 's formal broadcast of celebrities walking the red carpet . It was also the only time George C. Scott attended an Oscars ceremony ."}]}, {'value': 'The Assistant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Assistant_(1982_film)', 'summary': 'The Assistant ( Slovak : Pomocnik ) is a 1982 Czechoslovakian drama film directed by Zoro Zahon . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 55th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Pomocník', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoro Záhon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slovak Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Slovak Socialist Republic ( Slovak : Slovenská socialistická republika ; abbreviated SSR ) was from 1969 to 1990 a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Slovakia . The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983 ( 56th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1983 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/56th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 56th Academy Awards were presented April 9 , 1984 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson . The Best Supporting Actress winner this year was unique . 49 Linda Hunt won the award for her role as Billy Kwan - a male Chinese-Australian photographer - in Peter Weir 's The Year of Living Dangerously , making her the first actor to win an Oscar for playing a character of the opposite sex . Gordon Willis , a respected cinematographer most famous for his un-nominated work on The Godfather , The Godfather Part II , and Woody Allen 's Manhattan , received his first Best Cinematography nomination for Zelig . Joe I. Tompkins becomes the first African-American to be nominated in Best Costume Design . James L. Brooks won three Academy Awards this year , winning as producer , director and writer of Best Picture winner Terms of Endearment . Of its other eight nominations ( the movie led all nominees with 11 ) , two were for Best Actress ; Shirley MacLaine won over Debra Winger in that category . The movie won five Oscars , the fifth being Jack Nicholson 's second career Oscar ( he won for Best Supporting Actor ) . This ceremony ended with Sammy Davis Jr. and Liza Minnelli leading the crowd in There 's No Business Like Show Business in tribute to Ethel Merman , who had died a month and a half before this Oscar ceremony . The performance occurred over the closing credits to the broadcast . The Award for Best Makeup was not given this year ."}]}, {'value': 'Incomplete Eclipse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Incomplete_Eclipse', 'summary': 'Incomplete Eclipse ( Czech : Neúplné zatmení ) is a 1982 Czech drama film directed by Jaromil Jireš . It was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival . The film was also selected as the Czechoslovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Neúplné zatmění', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaromil Jireš', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaromil_Jireš', 'summary': "Jaromil Jireš ( 10 December 1935 - 24 October 2001 ) was a director associated with the Czechoslovak New Wave movement . His 1963 film The Cry was entered into the 1964 Cannes Film Festival . It is often described as the first film of the Czechoslovak New Wave , a movement known for its dark humor , use of non-professional actors , and art-cinema realism . Another of Jireš 's prominent works is The Joke ( 1969 ) , adapted from a novel by Milan Kundera . It tells the story of Ludvik Jahn , a man expelled from the Czechoslovakian Communist Party for an idle joke to his girlfriend , and the revenge he later seeks through adultery . The film was produced during the political liberalization of the 1968 Prague Spring and contains many scenes which satirize and criticize the country 's communist leadership . Released after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia , the film had initial success in theaters but was then banned by authorities for the next twenty years . Amos Vogel wrote that the film was possibly the most shattering indictment of totalitarianism to come out of a Communist country . Valerie and Her Week of Wonders ( 1970 ) , set in the early 19th century , was based on a novel by Vítězslav Nezval . It is a film in a Gothic style concerning the onset of menstruation and the sexual awakening of a thirteen-year-old girl . His 1979 film The Young Man and Moby Dick was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival . Following the Soviet takeover of Czechoslovakia , Jireš continued to work in the country , making less controversial material ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984 ( 57th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of events in 1984 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . The year 's highest-grossing film was Beverly Hills Cop . Ghostbusters overtook it , however , with a re-release the following year . It was the first time in five years that the top-grossing film did not involve George Lucas or Steven Spielberg although Spielberg directed the third placed Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and executive produced the fourth placed Gremlins . U.S. boxoffice grosses reached $ 4 billion for the first time and it was the first year that two films had returned over $ 100 million to their distributors with both Ghostbusters and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom achieving this . Beverly Hills Cop made it three for films released in 1984 after its performance during 1985 took it to rentals of $ 108 million . Other popular films included The NeverEnding Story , which was the most expensive film produced in West Germany , The Karate Kid and Romancing the Stone . A high number of sci-fi/fantasy films were released in 1984 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/57th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 57th Academy Awards were presented March 25 , 1985 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . Jack Lemmon presided over the ceremonies . The big winner at the ceremony was Miloš Forman 's Amadeus , which had received 11 nominations and won 8 awards including Best Picture and Best Actor for F. Murray Abraham . As of the 90th Academy Awards , Amadeus is the most recent film to receive two lead actor nominations . The winner of Best Supporting Actor was also significant . Haing S. Ngor , a Cambodian surgeon who survived the horrors of the Khmer Rouge , won the award for his performance as Dith Pran in Roland Joffé 's The Killing Fields , despite having had no previous acting experience . Ngor and Harold Russell are the only two non-professional actors to win Academy Awards for acting . Sally Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Places in the Heart , her second Oscar , after winning in the same category in 1980 for Norma Rae . In her acceptance speech , she exclaimed , The first time I did n't feel it , but this time I feel it , and I ca n't deny the fact that you like me , right now , you like me ! ( often misquoted as you really like me ! ) 77-year-old Peggy Ashcroft won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in A Passage to India , making her the oldest winner in that category . This ceremony marked the first time that multiple black nominees would win an Oscar , when Prince and Stevie Wonder won for their respective work on Purple Rain and The Woman in Red ."}]}, {'value': 'The Millennial Bee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Millennial_Bee', 'summary': 'The Millennial Bee ( Slovak : Tisícročná včela , also known in English as The Bee Millennium ) , is a 1983 film made and produced in Czechoslovakia , West Germany and Austria . The film is based on a novel written by Peter Jaroš and was directed by Juraj Jakubisko . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakia entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Tisícročná včela', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juraj Jakubisko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko', 'summary': 'Juraj Jakubisko ( born 30 April 1938 , in Kojšov , Czechoslovakia ( now Slovakia ) ) is a Slovak film director . He has directed 15 feature films , between 1967 and 2008 . He often takes the dual role of cinematographer , and is often also credited as a screenplay writer as he usually co-writes or writes the scripts of his movies . In 2000 he was named Best Slovak Director of the 20th century by film critics and journalists . His work is often described as magical realism .'}]}, {'value': 'Slovak Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Slovak Socialist Republic ( Slovak : Slovenská socialistická republika ; abbreviated SSR ) was from 1969 to 1990 a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Slovakia . The name was used from 1 January 1969 until March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985 ( 58th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1985_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1985 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/58th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 58th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 24 , 1986 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories honoring films released in 1985 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Stanley Donen and directed by Marty Pasetta . Actors Alan Alda , Jane Fonda , and Robin Williams co-hosted the show . Fonda hosted the gala for the second time , having previously been a co-host of the 49th ceremony held in 1977 . Meanwhile , this was Alda and Williams 's first Oscars hosting stint . Eight days earlier , in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California , on March 16 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Macdonald Carey . Out of Africa won seven awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Cocoon and Witness with two awards , and Kiss of the Spider Woman , The Trip to Bountiful , Prizzi 's Honor , The Official Story , Broken Rainbow , Witness to War : Dr. Charlie Clements , Molly 's Pilgrim , Anna & Bella , White Nights , Back to the Future , Mask and Ran with one ."}]}, {'value': 'Scalpel , Please', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scalpel,_Please', 'summary': 'Scalpel , Please ( Czech : Skalpel , prosím ) is a 1985 Czech psychological drama film directed by Jiří Svoboda . It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Czechoslovakia entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Skalpel , prosím', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Svoboda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Svoboda_(politician)', 'summary': 'Jiří Svoboda ( born 5 May 1945 in Kladno ) is a Czech film and TV director , screenwriter and retired politician . He was leader of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia ( KSČM ) from 1990 to 1993 . In 2017 he received the World Prize for Humanism from the Macedonian-based Ohrid Academy of Humanism .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986 ( 59th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1986 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/59th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 59th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 30 , 1987 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories honoring films released in 1986 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Samuel Goldwyn Jr. and directed by Marty Pasetta . Actors Chevy Chase , Paul Hogan , and Goldie Hawn co-hosted the show . Hawn hosted the gala for the second time , having previously been a co-host of the 48th ceremony held in 1976 . Meanwhile , this was Chase and Hogan 's first Oscars hosting stint . Eight days earlier , in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California , on March 22 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Catherine Hicks . Platoon won four awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Hannah and Her Sisters and A Room with a View with three awards , Aliens with two awards , and Artie Shaw : Time Is All You 've Got , The Assault , Children of a Lesser God , The Color of Money , Down and Out in America , The Fly , A Greek Tragedy , The Mission , Precious Images , Round Midnight , Top Gun , and Women - for America , for the World with one ."}]}, {'value': 'My Sweet Little Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Sweet_Little_Village', 'summary': 'My Sweet Little Village ( Czech : Vesničko má středisková ) is a 1985 Czechoslovak film directed by Jiří Menzel . In 1987 it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film .'}]}, {'value': 'Vesničko má středisková', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Menzel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Menzel', 'summary': 'Jiří Menzel ( Czech : [ ˈjɪr̝iː ˈmɛntsl̩ ] ( listen ) ) ( born 23 February 1938 , Prague ) is a Czech film director , theatre director , actor , and screenwriter . His films often combine a humanistic view of the world with sarcasm and provocative cinematography . [ citation needed ] Some of these films are adapted from works by Czech writers such as Bohumil Hrabal and Vladislav Vančura . Menzel , a member of the Czech New Wave , became internationally famous in 1967 , when his first feature film , Closely Watched Trains , won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His film Larks on a String was filmed in 1969 , but was banned by the Czechoslovakian government . It was finally released in 1990 after the fall of the Communist regime . The film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival . Menzel was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film again in 1986 with his dark comedy My Sweet Little Village . In 1987 , he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1989 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival . In 1995 he was a member of the jury at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival . He was awarded a IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987 ( 60th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of events in 1987 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . Paramount Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1987 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/60th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 60th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on April 11 , 1988 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 22 categories honoring films released in 1987 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Samuel Goldwyn Jr. and directed by Marty Pasetta . Actor Chevy Chase hosted the show for the second consecutive year . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California , on March 27 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Shirley Jones . The Last Emperor won nine awards including Best Picture and Best Director for Bernardo Bertolucci . For their performances in Moonstruck , Cher and Olympia Dukakis won Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Michael Douglas won Best Actor for his role in Wall Street ; Sean Connery won Best Supporting Actor for The Untouchables . The telecast garnered 42.2 million viewers in the United States . As of 2020 [ update ] , this is the most recent Academy Awards ceremony to take place in April .'}]}, {'value': 'Forbidden Dreams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forbidden_Dreams', 'summary': 'Forbidden Dreams ( Czech : Smrt krásných srnců ) is a 1986 Czech drama film directed by Karel Kachyňa . It was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Czechoslovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Smrt krásných srnců', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karel Kachyňa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karel_Kachyňa', 'summary': 'Karel Kachyňa ( 1 May 1924 - 12 March 2004 ) was a Czech film director . His career spanned over five decades . He was married to Alena Mihulová . They had one daughter , Karolína , together . He was born in Vyškov , Czechoslovakia and died in Prague , Czech Republic . His 1961 film Pouta was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival . His 1986 film Forbidden Dreams was entered into the 15th Moscow International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Socialist Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic', 'summary': 'The Czech Socialist Republic ( Česká socialistická republika in Czech ; abbreviated ČSR ) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic . The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Submissions', 'section_text': 'The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956 . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Following this , they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award . [ 3 ] Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Czechoslovakia for review by the Academy for the award by the year of the submission and the respective Academy Award ceremony . Almost all submissions were primarily in Czech , although their 1965 , 1982 and 1984 submissions were mostly in Slovak .', 'uid': 'List_of_Czechoslovakia_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film_0', 'intro': "Czechoslovakia submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film[nb 1] between 1964 and 1991 before splitting into the independent Czech and Slovakia republics in 1993. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. Czechoslovak films received six Oscar nominations for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, two of which won the Oscar, namely the Slovak language The Shop on Main Street and the Czech language Closely Watched Trains, both of which are black comedies set during World War II. Director Miloš Forman had two of his films selected to represent Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, and both were nominated. Forman eventually won two Oscars for Best Director after emigrating to the United States. After the breakup of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic both began submitting films to the competition regularly. Since then, the Czech Republic has gotten three more Oscar nominations, including one win for Jan Svěrák's Kolya."}
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Which film of the director of Loves of a Blonde was banned in his home country ?
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The Firemen 's Ball
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030f5f5f8e49e7a5
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_in_film', 'title': '1974 in film', 'header': ['Rank', 'Title', 'Studio', 'Domestic gross'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blazing Saddles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blazing_Saddles', 'summary': "Blazing Saddles is a 1974 American satirical black comedy-western film directed by Mel Brooks . Starring Cleavon Little and Gene Wilder , the film was written by Brooks , Andrew Bergman , Richard Pryor , Norman Steinberg and Alan Uger , and was based on Bergman 's story and draft . The film received generally positive reviews from critics and audiences , was nominated for three Academy Awards and is ranked No . 6 on the American Film Institute 's 100 Years.100 Laughs list . Brooks appears in three supporting roles , Governor William J . Le Petomane , a Yiddish-speaking Native American chief and a director in line to help invade Rock Ridge ( a nod to Hitchcock ) ; he also dubs lines for one of Lili von Shtupp 's backing troupe . The supporting cast includes Slim Pickens , Alex Karras and David Huddleston , as well as Brooks regulars Dom DeLuise , Madeline Kahn and Harvey Korman . Bandleader Count Basie has a cameo as himself . The film satirizes the racism obscured by myth-making Hollywood accounts of the American West , with the hero being a black sheriff in an all-white town . The film is full of deliberate anachronisms , from the Count Basie Orchestra playing April in Paris in the Wild West , to Slim Pickens referring to the Wide World of Sports , to the German army of World War II . In 2006 , Blazing Saddles was deemed culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry ."}]}, {'value': 'Warner Bros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warner_Bros.', 'summary': "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. ( also simply known as Warner Bros. and initialized as WB ) is an American entertainment company headquartered in Burbank , California , and a division of AT & T 's WarnerMedia . Founded in 1923 , it has operations in areas such as film , television , and video games and is one of the Big Five major American film studios , as well as a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . The company 's portfolio encompasses the film studios Warner Bros. Pictures , New Line Cinema , Castle Rock Entertainment and DC Films ; the television production and syndication company Warner Bros. Television ; the animation studios Warner Bros . Animation and Warner Animation Group ; the publisher DC Comics ; the video game development and publishing arm Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment ; the pay television channels Cartoon Network , Boomerang and Turner Classic Movies ; and a 50% interest in The CW television network , which is co-owned with ViacomCBS . Aside from content operations , Warner Bros. also has several theme parks that are managed and operated by third party companies ."}]}, {'value': '$ 119,500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Towering Inferno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Towering_Inferno', 'summary': 'The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an ensemble cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen . Directed by John Guillermin , the film is a co-production between 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros. , the first to be a joint venture by two major Hollywood studios . It was adapted by Stirling Silliphant from a pair of novels , The Tower by Richard Martin Stern and The Glass Inferno by Thomas N. Scortia and Frank M. Robinson . The film earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture and was the second highest-grossing film released in 1974 , beaten only by Blazing Saddles by three million dollars . The picture was nominated for eight Oscars in all , winning three . In addition to McQueen and Newman , the cast includes William Holden , Faye Dunaway , Fred Astaire , Susan Blakely , Richard Chamberlain , O. J. Simpson , Robert Vaughn , Robert Wagner , Susan Flannery , Gregory Sierra , Dabney Coleman and , in her final role , Jennifer Jones .'}]}, {'value': '20th Century Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Fox_Film_Corporation', 'summary': '20th Century Studios ( formerly 20th Century Fox ) is an American film studio that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios , a division of The Walt Disney Company . The studio is located on the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles . For over 83 years , it was one of the Big Six major American film studios formed from the merger of the Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures in 1935 . In 1985 , the studio was acquired by News Corporation , which was succeeded by 21st Century Fox in 2013 following the spin-off of its publishing assets . In 2019 , Disney acquired 20th Century Fox through its merger with 21st Century Fox . In 2020 , the studio was renamed to 20th Century Studios .'}]}, {'value': '$ 116,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Trial of Billy Jack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack', 'summary': 'The Trial of Billy Jack is a 1974 action film starring Delores Taylor and Tom Laughlin . It is the sequel to the 1971 film , Billy Jack , and the third film overall in the series . Directed by Laughlin , it has a running time of nearly three hours . Although commercially successful , it was panned by critics . The film was included as one of the choices in the book The Fifty Worst Films of All Time .'}]}, {'value': 'Warner Bros', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 89,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Frankenstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Frankenstein', 'summary': "Young Frankenstein is a 1974 American comedy horror film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder as the title character , a descendant of the infamous Dr. Victor Frankenstein , and Peter Boyle as the monster . The supporting cast includes Teri Garr , Cloris Leachman , Marty Feldman , Madeline Kahn , Kenneth Mars , Richard Haydn , and Gene Hackman . The screenplay was written by Wilder and Brooks . The film is a parody of the classic horror film genre , in particular the various film adaptations of Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein produced by Universal Pictures in the 1930s . Much of the lab equipment used as props was created by Kenneth Strickfaden for the 1931 film Frankenstein . To help evoke the atmosphere of the earlier films , Brooks shot the picture entirely in black and white , a rarity in the 1970s , and employed 1930s ' style opening credits and scene transitions such as iris outs , wipes , and fades to black . The film also features a period score by Brooks ' longtime composer John Morris . A critical favorite and box office smash , Young Frankenstein ranks No . 28 on Total Film magazine 's readers ' List of the 50 Greatest Comedy Films of All Time , No . 56 on Bravo TV 's list of the 100 Funniest Movies , and No . 13 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 funniest American movies . In 2003 , it was deemed culturally , historically or aesthetically significant by the United States National Film Preservation Board , and selected for preservation in the Library of Congress National Film Registry ."}]}, {'value': '20th Century Fox', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 86,273,333', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earthquake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)', 'summary': 'Earthquake is a 1974 American ensemble disaster film directed and produced by Mark Robson . The plot concerns the struggle for survival after a catastrophic earthquake destroys most of the city of Los Angeles , California . Directed by Mark Robson and with a screenplay by George Fox and Mario Puzo , the film starred a large cast of well-known actors , including Charlton Heston , Ava Gardner , George Kennedy , Lorne Greene , Geneviève Bujold , Richard Roundtree , Marjoe Gortner , Barry Sullivan , Lloyd Nolan , Victoria Principal , and ( under an alias ) Walter Matthau . It is notable for the use of an innovative sound effect called Sensurround , which created the sense of actually experiencing an earthquake in theatres .'}]}, {'value': 'Universal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Universal_Pictures', 'summary': "Universal Pictures ( also known as Universal Studios , and formerly Universal Film Manufacturing Company ) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the NBCUniversal Film and Entertainment division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal . Founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle , Mark Dintenfass , Charles O. Baumann , Adam Kessel , Pat Powers , William Swanson , David Horsley , Robert H. Cochrane , and Jules Brulatour , it is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States ; the world 's fifth oldest after Gaumont , Pathé , Titanus , and Nordisk Film ; and the oldest member of Hollywood 's Big Five studios in terms of the overall film market . Its studios are located in Universal City , California , and its corporate offices are located in New York City . Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) , and was one of the Little Three majors during Hollywood 's golden age ."}]}, {'value': '$ 79,666,653', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Godfather Part II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II', 'summary': "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American epic crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from the screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo , starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro . It is the second installment in The Godfather trilogy . Partially based on Puzo 's 1969 novel The Godfather , the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather , presenting parallel dramas : one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone ( Pacino ) , the new Don of the Corleone crime family , protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life ; the prequel covers the journey of his father , Vito Corleone ( De Niro ) , from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City . Following the success of the first film , Paramount Pictures began developing a follow up to the film , with much of the same cast and crew returning . Coppola , who was given more control on the film , had wanted to make both a sequel and a prequel to the film to tell the story of the rise of Vito and the fall of Michael . Principal photography began in October 1973 and wrapped up in June 1974 . The Godfather Part II premiered in New York City on December 12 , 1974 , and was released in the United States on December 20 , 1974 , receiving divided reviews from critics but its reputation , however , improved rapidly and it soon became the subject of critical re-evaluation . It grossed between $ 48- $ 88 million worldwide on a $ 13 million budget . The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards at the 47th Academy Awards and became the first sequel to win for Best Picture . Its six Oscar wins also included Best Director for Coppola , Best Supporting Actor for De Niro and Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola and Puzo . Pacino won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Both The Godfather Part II and its predecessor remain highly influential films , especially in the gangster genre , and the former has been reevaluated ."}]}, {'value': 'Paramount', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paramount_Pictures', 'summary': "Paramount Pictures Corporation ( also known simply as Paramount ) is an American film studio that is a subsidiary of ViacomCBS . It is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world , the second oldest in the United States , and the sole member of the Big Five film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood . In 1916 , film producer Adolph Zukor put 22 actors and actresses under contract and honored each with a star on the logo . In 2014 , Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only . The company 's headquarters and studios are located at 5555 Melrose Avenue , Hollywood , California , United States . Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) ."}]}, {'value': '$ 47,542,841', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Airport 1975', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Airport_1975', 'summary': "Airport 1975 ( also known as Airport '75 ) is a 1974 American air disaster film and the first sequel to the successful 1970 film Airport . Airport 1975 was directed by Jack Smight , produced by William Frye and Jennings Lang and has a screenplay by Don Ingalls . The film stars Charlton Heston , Karen Black and George Kennedy , as well as Gloria Swanson in her final screen appearance . The plot concerns the dramatic events aboard an airborne Boeing 747 when a small aircraft crashes into the cockpit causing the fatalities of senior crew and the blinding of the pilot with no one aboard qualified to take the controls . Airport 1975 was the seventh highest-grossing movie of 1974 at the US and Canada box office ."}]}, {'value': 'Universal', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 47,285,152', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Life_and_Times_of_Grizzly_Adams', 'summary': "The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams is a 1974 independent feature film inspired by a 1972 historical fiction novella written by Charles E. Sellier Jr . The film 's popularity led to an NBC television series of the same name . The title character , played by Dan Haggerty , was loosely based on California mountain man James Grizzly Adams ( 1812-1860 ) . The film and TV series portrayed the fictional Grizzly Adams as a frontier woodsman who fled into the mountains after he was wrongly accused of murder . While struggling to survive , Adams saves an orphaned grizzly bear cub he adopts and names Ben . The bear , while growing to its huge adult size , becomes Adams ' closest companion . Consistently kind and gentle , Adams discovers and demonstrates an uncanny ability to gain the trust of most of the indigenous wildlife of the region , and he helps , sometimes rescues , takes in and tames many species . Originally a hunter , with his learned affection for wildlife Adams resolves never to harm another animal whenever possible . In the television series , Adams had two human friends , an old mountain man trader named Mad Jack played by Denver Pyle who was often featured with his mule ( Number Seven ) , and a Native American by the name of Nakoma played by Don Shanks . Adams , Mad Jack , and Nakoma helped myriad mountain visitors while protecting wildlife at the same time . NBC aired the series finale on February 21 , 1982 by way of a two-hour TV movie called The Capture of Grizzly Adams where a bounty hunter used Adams ' daughter , who was not seen or mentioned since the 1974 film , in a kidnap-extortion ploy to lure the fugitive mountain man back to civilization . In the end Adams proves his innocence ."}]}, {'value': 'Sunn Classic Pictures', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunn_Classic_Pictures', 'summary': 'Sunn Classic Pictures , also known as Sunn International Pictures , Schick Sunn Classic Pictures , and Taft International Pictures was an independent U.S.-based film distributor , founded in 1971 . The company was notable for family films and documentaries , and was purchased by Taft Broadcasting in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '$ 45,411,063', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Longest Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Longest_Yard_(1974_film)', 'summary': "The Longest Yard is a 1974 American sports comedy film directed by Robert Aldrich , written by Tracy Keenan Wynn and based on a story by producer Albert S. Ruddy . The film follows a former NFL player ( Burt Reynolds ) recruiting a group of prisoners and playing football against their guards . It features many real-life football players , including Green Bay Packers legend Ray Nitschke . The film has been remade three times : as the 2001 British film Mean Machine ( a shortened version of the title used for the original 's UK release ) , starring Vinnie Jones , the 2005 film remake , The Longest Yard featuring Reynolds as coach Nate Scarborough , and as the 2015 Egyptian film Captain Masr . In the two non-American remakes , the sport was changed from American football to association football ."}]}, {'value': 'Paramount', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 43,008,075', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benji_(1974_film)', 'summary': "Benji is the first film in a series of five theatrical features about the golden mixed breed dog named Benji . It was written , produced , and directed by Joe Camp , and filmed in and around McKinney , Texas and Denton , Texas . Filmed in 1973 and released in 1974 , it was a critical and box-office success , grossing $ 45 million on a budget of $ 500,000 . The film also received an Oscar nomination for the Best Original Song for the theme song I Feel Love , written by Euel Box and performed by country singer Charlie Rich . The film was turned down for distribution by every studio in Hollywood ; Camp had to form his own distribution company to distribute the film worldwide . This film is also Frances Bavier 's and Edgar Buchanan 's last film before they retired from acting . Buchanan died on April 4 , 1979 , and Bavier died on December 6 , 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mulberry Square Releasing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 39,552,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest-grossing films ( U.S . )', 'section_text': 'The top ten 1974 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows :', 'uid': '1974_in_film_0', 'intro': 'The year 1974 in film involved some significant events.'}
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What was the domestic gross earnings of the film that was adapted by Stirling Silliphant from a pair of novels ?
|
$ 116,000,000
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030f73182e284898
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Fukuoka)', 'title': 'List of Historic Sites of Japan (Fukuoka)', 'header': ['Site', 'Municipality', 'Ref'], 'data': [{'value': 'Songakuma Kofun 損ヶ熊古墳 Songakuma kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miyawaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miyawaka,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Miyawaka ( 宮若市 , Miyawaka-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka , Japan . As of April 1 , 2017 , the city has a population of 27,544 and a population density of 200 persons per km2 . The total area is 139.99 km2 . The modern city of Miyawaka was established on February 11 , 2006 , from the merger of the towns of Miyata and Wakamiya ( both from Kurate District ) . Since February 1991 , the manufacturing facility of Toyota Motor Kyushu , Inc. has been based in Miyawaka , building both Toyota and Lexus models . A firefly festival is held at Nishikura no Oka Sports Park . At the beginning of June , many fireflies dance around the whole park .'}]}, {'value': '[ 8 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuju-ji 広寿山福聚寺 Kōjusan Fukujuji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuju-ji_(Kitakyushu)', 'summary': "Fukuju-ji ( 福聚寺 ) is an Ōbaku Zen temple in Kokurakita-ku , Kitakyūshū , Fukuoka , Japan . Its honorary sangō prefix is Kōjuzan ( 広寿山 ) . Fukuju-ji is one of two bodaiji ( 菩提寺 ) , or funeral temples , dedicated to Ogasawara Tadazane , the first daimyō of Kokura Domain . ( The other is Toyokawa 's Rinzai-ji . )"}]}, {'value': 'Kitakyūshū', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitakyūshū', 'summary': "Kitakyushu ( Japanese : 北九州市 , Hepburn : Kitakyūshū-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978 ( 1 June 2019 ) , making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fukuoka . Kitakyushu is one of Japan 's 20 designated cities , one of three on Kyushu , and is divided into 7 wards . Kitakyushu was formed in 1963 from a merger of municipalities centered on the historic city of Kokura , and its name literally means North Kyushu City in Japanese . Kitakyushu is located at the northernmost point of Kyushu on the Kanmon Straits , separating the island from Honshu , across from the city of Shimonoseki . Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki are connected by numerous transport links including the Kanmon Bridge and the Kanmon Tunnel . Kitakyushu 's Urban Employment Area forms part of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Greater Metropolitan Region , with a population of 5,738,977 ( 2005-2006 ) is the largest metropolitan area in Japan west of the Keihanshin ."}]}, {'value': '[ 9 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ainoshima Watch Tower Banner Supports 藍島 遠見番所旗柱台 Ainoshima tōmi bansho hata bashiradai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitakyūshū', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitakyūshū', 'summary': "Kitakyushu ( Japanese : 北九州市 , Hepburn : Kitakyūshū-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978 ( 1 June 2019 ) , making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fukuoka . Kitakyushu is one of Japan 's 20 designated cities , one of three on Kyushu , and is divided into 7 wards . Kitakyushu was formed in 1963 from a merger of municipalities centered on the historic city of Kokura , and its name literally means North Kyushu City in Japanese . Kitakyushu is located at the northernmost point of Kyushu on the Kanmon Straits , separating the island from Honshu , across from the city of Shimonoseki . Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki are connected by numerous transport links including the Kanmon Bridge and the Kanmon Tunnel . Kitakyushu 's Urban Employment Area forms part of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Greater Metropolitan Region , with a population of 5,738,977 ( 2005-2006 ) is the largest metropolitan area in Japan west of the Keihanshin ."}]}, {'value': '[ 10 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shigetome Site 重留遺跡 Shigetome iseki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitakyūshū', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitakyūshū', 'summary': "Kitakyushu ( Japanese : 北九州市 , Hepburn : Kitakyūshū-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978 ( 1 June 2019 ) , making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fukuoka . Kitakyushu is one of Japan 's 20 designated cities , one of three on Kyushu , and is divided into 7 wards . Kitakyushu was formed in 1963 from a merger of municipalities centered on the historic city of Kokura , and its name literally means North Kyushu City in Japanese . Kitakyushu is located at the northernmost point of Kyushu on the Kanmon Straits , separating the island from Honshu , across from the city of Shimonoseki . Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki are connected by numerous transport links including the Kanmon Bridge and the Kanmon Tunnel . Kitakyushu 's Urban Employment Area forms part of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Greater Metropolitan Region , with a population of 5,738,977 ( 2005-2006 ) is the largest metropolitan area in Japan west of the Keihanshin ."}]}, {'value': '[ 11 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Motookaurio Shell Mound 元岡瓜尾貝塚 Motookaurio kaizuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka', 'summary': "Fukuoka ( 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , Japanese : [ ɸɯ̥kɯꜜoka ] ) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu . It is the most populous city on the island , followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated on April 1 , 1972 , by government ordinance . Greater Fukuoka , with a population of 2.5 million people ( 2005 census ) , is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone . As of 2015 [ update ] , Fukuoka is Japan 's sixth largest city , having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011 , Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794 , this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto . In ancient times , however , the area near Fukuoka , the Chikushi region , was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region ."}]}, {'value': '[ 12 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hie Circular Dwelling Site 比恵環溝住居遺跡 Hie kankō jūkyo iseki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka', 'summary': "Fukuoka ( 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , Japanese : [ ɸɯ̥kɯꜜoka ] ) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu . It is the most populous city on the island , followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated on April 1 , 1972 , by government ordinance . Greater Fukuoka , with a population of 2.5 million people ( 2005 census ) , is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone . As of 2015 [ update ] , Fukuoka is Japan 's sixth largest city , having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011 , Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794 , this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto . In ancient times , however , the area near Fukuoka , the Chikushi region , was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region ."}]}, {'value': '[ 13 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miyazaki Yasuda Grave and Study 宮崎安貞 墓附宮崎安貞書斎一棟 Miyazaki Yasuda haka tsuketari Miyazaki Yasuda shosai ittō', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka', 'summary': "Fukuoka ( 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , Japanese : [ ɸɯ̥kɯꜜoka ] ) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu . It is the most populous city on the island , followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated on April 1 , 1972 , by government ordinance . Greater Fukuoka , with a population of 2.5 million people ( 2005 census ) , is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone . As of 2015 [ update ] , Fukuoka is Japan 's sixth largest city , having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011 , Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794 , this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto . In ancient times , however , the area near Fukuoka , the Chikushi region , was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region ."}]}, {'value': '[ 14 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kamei Family Graves 亀井 （ 南冥 、 昭陽 ）家の墓 Kamei ( Nanmei , Shōyō ) -ke no haka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka', 'summary': "Fukuoka ( 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , Japanese : [ ɸɯ̥kɯꜜoka ] ) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu . It is the most populous city on the island , followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated on April 1 , 1972 , by government ordinance . Greater Fukuoka , with a population of 2.5 million people ( 2005 census ) , is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone . As of 2015 [ update ] , Fukuoka is Japan 's sixth largest city , having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011 , Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794 , this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto . In ancient times , however , the area near Fukuoka , the Chikushi region , was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region ."}]}, {'value': '[ 15 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karenozuka 枯野塚附哺川墓、句碑、寄附碑 Karenozuka tsuketari Hosen-no-haka , kuhi , kifu-hi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuoka', 'summary': "Fukuoka ( 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , Japanese : [ ɸɯ̥kɯꜜoka ] ) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island Kyushu . It is the most populous city on the island , followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated on April 1 , 1972 , by government ordinance . Greater Fukuoka , with a population of 2.5 million people ( 2005 census ) , is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone . As of 2015 [ update ] , Fukuoka is Japan 's sixth largest city , having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011 , Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794 , this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto . In ancient times , however , the area near Fukuoka , the Chikushi region , was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region ."}]}, {'value': '[ 16 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gionyama Kofun 祇園山古墳 Gionyama kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Kurume ( 久留米市 , Kurume-shi ) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 303,579 and a population density of 1,320 persons per km² . The total area is 229.96 km² . On February 5 , 2005 , the town of Kitano ( from Mii District ) , the towns of Jōjima and Mizuma ( both from Mizuma District ) , and the town of Tanushimaru ( from Ukiha District ) were merged into Kurume . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '[ 17 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maehata Kofun 前畑古墳 Maehata kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Kurume ( 久留米市 , Kurume-shi ) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 303,579 and a population density of 1,320 persons per km² . The total area is 229.96 km² . On February 5 , 2005 , the town of Kitano ( from Mii District ) , the towns of Jōjima and Mizuma ( both from Mizuma District ) , and the town of Tanushimaru ( from Ukiha District ) were merged into Kurume . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '[ 18 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hosshin Castle Site 発心城 跡 Hosshin-jō ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Kurume ( 久留米市 , Kurume-shi ) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 303,579 and a population density of 1,320 persons per km² . The total area is 229.96 km² . On February 5 , 2005 , the town of Kitano ( from Mii District ) , the towns of Jōjima and Mizuma ( both from Mizuma District ) , and the town of Tanushimaru ( from Ukiha District ) were merged into Kurume . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '[ 19 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andō Seian Grave 安東省庵 墓 Andō Seian no haka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yanagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yanagawa,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Yanagawa ( 柳川市 , Yanagawa-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of April 30 , 2011 , the city has an estimated population of 71,848 , with 24,507 households and a population density of 934.55 persons per km² . The total area is 76.88 km² . On March 21 , 2005 the towns of Yamato and Mitsuhashi ( both from Yamato District ) were merged into Yanagawa .'}]}, {'value': '[ 20 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kurume Castle Site 久留米城 跡 Kurume-jō ato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurume_Castle', 'summary': 'Kurume Castle ( 久留米城 , Kurume-jō ) was a castle structure in Kurume , Japan . Kurume Castle was built by the ninth son of Mōri Motonari , Kobayakawa Hidekane in 1587 . Kurume castle is now only ruins , with some stone walls and water moat . The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kurume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurume,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Kurume ( 久留米市 , Kurume-shi ) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 303,579 and a population density of 1,320 persons per km² . The total area is 229.96 km² . On February 5 , 2005 , the town of Kitano ( from Mii District ) , the towns of Jōjima and Mizuma ( both from Mizuma District ) , and the town of Tanushimaru ( from Ukiha District ) were merged into Kurume . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '[ 21 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banzuka Kofun 番塚古墳 Banzuka kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanda,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Kanda ( 苅田町 , Kanda-machi ) is a town located in Miyako District , Fukuoka Prefecture , on the Japanese home island of Kyushu , which is one of the four main islands . Kanda is a suburb of the city of Kitakyushu . As of April 30 , 2017 , the town has an estimated population of 36,957 and a density of 800 persons per km² . The total area is 46.46 km² . Nishinippon Institute of Technology is located in the town .'}]}, {'value': '[ 22 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitahara Hakushū Residence 北原白秋生家 Kitahara Hakushū seika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hakushū_Kitahara', 'summary': 'Hakushū Kitahara ( 北原 白秋 , Kitahara Hakushū , 25 January 1885 - 2 November 1942 ) is the pen-name of Kitahara Ryūkichi ( 北原 隆吉 , Kitahara Ryūkichi ) , a Japanese tanka poet active during the Taishō and Shōwa periods of Japan . He is regarded as one of the most popular and important poets in modern Japanese literature .'}]}, {'value': 'Yanagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yanagawa,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Yanagawa ( 柳川市 , Yanagawa-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . As of April 30 , 2011 , the city has an estimated population of 71,848 , with 24,507 households and a population density of 934.55 persons per km² . The total area is 76.88 km² . On March 21 , 2005 the towns of Yamato and Mitsuhashi ( both from Yamato District ) were merged into Yanagawa .'}]}, {'value': '[ 23 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ikata Kofun 伊方古墳 Ikata kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fukuchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fukuchi,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Fukuchi ( 福智町 , Fukuchi-machi ) is a town in Tagawa District , Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . It was established on March 6 , 2006 , by the merger of the former towns of Akaike , Hōjō and Kanada , all from Tagawa District . Mount Fukuchi ( 901 m ( 2,956 ft ) ) stands at the northern tip of the town . The town has an area of 42.04 km2 ( 16.23 sq mi ) and an estimated population of 23,389 as of May 1 , 2017 . The population density is 607.5 people per km² . The town is famous for Agano ware ( 上野焼 Agano-yaki ) , a type of pottery .'}]}, {'value': '[ 24 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mizumachi Sites 水町遺跡群 Mizumachi iseki-gun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nōgata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nōgata,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Nōgata ( 直方市 , Nōgata-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan , on the island of Kyushu in southern Japan . Located near Kitakyūshū and Iizuka , Nōgata is in the center of the Chikuhō region of Fukuoka . The city was founded on January 1 , 1931 . As of May 31 , 2011 , the city has an estimated population of 58,878 , with 26,056 households and a population density of 953.03 persons per km² . The total area is 61.78 km² .'}]}, {'value': '[ 25 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kawashima Kofun 川島古墳 Kawashima kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iizuka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iizuka,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Iizuka ( 飯塚市 , Iizuka-shi ) is a city located at the confluence of the Honami and Onga rivers in central Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on January 20 , 1932 .'}]}, {'value': '[ 26 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sesudono Kofun セスドノ古墳 Sesudono kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tagawa,_Fukuoka', 'summary': 'Tagawa ( 田川市 , Tagawa-shi ) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on November 3 , 1943 . As of October 1 , 2018 , the city has an estimated population of 48,241 , with 24,537 households . Its total area is 54.52 km² . Tagawa was historically a coal mining city , and is easily recognizable by its two tall chimneys located near Tagawa-Ita ( 田川伊田駅 ) . Currently active industries in Tagawa include limestone and cement production . Tirol ( チロル ) miniature chocolates are manufactured in Tagawa . The TRIAL Kyushu warehouse is located in Ita-machi , and services TRIAL discount stores in all prefectures in Kyushu . Tagawa is serviced by two main JR stations , Tagawa-Ita ( 田川伊田 ) and Tagawa-Gotōji ( 田川後藤寺 ) . These stations provide transport links to Kokura , Hita , and Shin-Iizuka via the Hitahikosan Line ( 日田彦山線 ) and Gotōji Line ( 後藤寺線 ) . In addition , the private rail company Heisei Chikuho Railway Line ( terminal points : Yukuhashi and Nōgata ) makes major stops at both Tagawa-Ita and Tagawa-Gotōji .'}]}, {'value': '[ 27 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Prefectural Historic Sites', 'section_text': 'As of 1 May 2018 , seventy-eight Sites have been designated as being of prefectural importance . [ 20 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Fukuoka)_1', 'intro': 'This list is of the Historic Sites of Japan located within the Prefecture of Fukuoka.'}
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Which two towns in Yamato District merged where the residence of the tanka poet active during the Taishō and Shōwa periods is located ?
|
Yamato and Mitsuhashi
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0310a71314cb5392
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'title': "Women's EHF Champions League", 'header': ['Club', 'Winners', 'Runners-up', 'Years won', 'Years runners-up'], 'data': [{'value': 'Spartak Kiev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spartak_Kiev', 'summary': "Spartak Kiev is a Ukrainian women 's handball club from Kiev . It used to be a member of the Spartak VSS during the Soviet era . Spartak was arguably the best team in Europe between the 1970s and the late-1980s , with a record 13 European Cups in addition to twenty Soviet Championships in a row . The 1989 final lost to emerging Austrian powerhouse Hypo Niederösterreich marked Spartak 's last appearance in the competition . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union the team declined . It has since won three Ukrainian championships , most recently in 2000 . However , in 2003 it enjoyed a last European success reaching the Cup Winner 's Cup 's final . In recent seasons it has appeared in the Challenge Cup ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1979 , 1981 , 1983 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1984-85 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 24th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1984 and Spring 1985 . Spartak Kiev defeated defending champion Radnicki Belgrade in the final to win its tenth title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1985–86_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1985-86 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 25th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1985 and Spring 1986 . Defending champion Spartak Kiev defeated CS Stiinta Bacau in the final to win its eleventh title ."}]}, {'value': '1974 , 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hypo Niederösterreich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hypo_Niederösterreich', 'summary': "Hypo Niederösterreich ( Hypo NÖ ) is an Austrian women 's handball club , headquartered in Maria Enzersdorf . They are one of the most successful teams on the EHF Champions League , having won the title eight times . They are also former winners of the EHF Champions Trophy in 2000 . Between 2011 and 2014 , Hypo NÖ had a partnership with the Brazilian Handball Confederation , playing host to various players of the Brazil women 's national handball team - including Alexandra Nascimento , who already played for Hypo since 2003 - and coach Morten Soubak . During the period , Brazil won the 2013 World Women 's Handball Championship with six Hypo Nö players in its roster . Hypo Nö also won the EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup that year ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1998 , 2000', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1989-90 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 29th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1989 and 27 May 1990 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Kuban Krasnodar in the final to win its second title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1991–92_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1991-92 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 31st edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place between September 1991 and 18 April 1992 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion TV Giessen-Lützellinden in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to win its third title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1992–93_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1992-93 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 32nd and final edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place September 1992 and 15 May 1993 . Starting with the following edition the competition was run by EHF , which changed its name to Champions League and its system to include a group stage . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Vasas Budapest in the final to win its fourth title in five years ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1993–94_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1993-94 EHF Women 's Champions League was the first edition of the European Champions Cup , the premier European women 's club handball tournament , being organized by the European Handball Federation . The competition was renamed EHF Champions League and the format of the football 1991-92 European Cup and 1992-93 UEFA Champions League was adopted . This inaugural edition of the Champions League was won by Hypo Niederösterreich in a replay of the previous season 's final match against Vasas Budapest . It was their third European Cup in a row ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1994–95_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1994-95 EHF Women 's Champions League was the second edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1994 to 7 May 1995 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Podravka Koprivnica in the final to win its fourth title in a row , an overall sixth . While Lokomotiva Zagreb had reached the competition 's final in 1975 , Podravka became the first Croatian team to attain this representing independent Croatia as war approached its end ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1997–98_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1997-98 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fifth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 October 1997 to 16 May 1998 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion Mar Valencia in the final to win its seventh title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1999–2000_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the seventh edition of the modern era of the premier competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 1 October 1999 to 27 May 2000 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Macedonia 's Gjorce Petrov in the final to win its eighth title , with Budućnost Podgorica ( which defeated defending champion Dunaújvárosi NKS in the quarter-finals ) and Dynamo Volgograd also reaching the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': '1987 , 1988 , 1991 , 1996 , 2008', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1990-91 IHF Women 's European Champions Cup was the 30th edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between September 1990 and April 1991 . TV Giessen defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the third German club to win the competition after East Germany 's HC Leipzig and TSC Berlin . Rostselmash and Buducnost Titograd were the last teams to represent former powerhouses Soviet Union and SFR Yugoslavia in the competition due to the collapse of both states in the following months ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1995–96_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1995-96 EHF Women 's Champions League was the third edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1995 to 11 May 1996 . Podravka Koprivnica defeated Hypo Niederösterreich in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to become the first Croatian club to win the competition , ending the Austrians four-years winning streak ."}]}, {'value': 'Győri Audi ETO KC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Győri_Audi_ETO_KC', 'summary': "Győri ETO KC ( Hungarian : Győri Egyetértés Torna Osztály Kézilabda Club , lit . Concordance Gymnastics Department of Győr Handball Club ) is a Hungarian women 's handball club from Győr . Since they are sponsored by Audi , the official name for the team is Győri Audi ETO KC . On domestic level ETO won 15 Hungarian Championship title , including seven in a row between 2008 and 2014 . They are also a fourteen-time Hungarian Cup winners , having won all their finals between 2005 and 2016 . ETO won the Champions League in 2013 , 2014 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 . The team also reached the final in 2009 , 2012 , and in 2016 . In addition , Győr reached the final of the EHF Cup Winners ' Cup in 2006 and the final of the EHF Cup in 1999 , 2002 , 2004 , and 2005 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 , 2014 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2012-13 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 20th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost Podgorica was title holder , after beating Győri Audi ETO KC in past season 's final . Győri redeemed themselves by winning this seasons 's edition . They defeated Larvik HK 47-43 in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2013–14_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2013-14 EHF Women 's Champions League is the 21st edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri Audi ETO KC were the title holder and successfully defended their title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2016–17_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2016-17 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 24th edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . CSM București were defending champions ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2017–18_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2017-18 EHF Champions League was the 25th edition of Europe 's premier club handball tournament . Győri ETO defended their title by defeating HC Vardar in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2018–19_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2018-19 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 26th edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri ETO defended their title by defeating Rostov-Don 25-24 in the final , to win their fifth overall and third straight title ."}]}, {'value': '2009 , 2012 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008–09_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2008/09 was the 16th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Hungarian Győri Audi ETO KC at the finals with an aggregate score of 50-49 . It was the second title for Viborg and the fifth for a Danish team . German international Grit Jurack was the tournament 's top scorer with 113 goals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2011–12_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2011-12 EHF Women 's Champions League was the nineteenth edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the top continental handball event for club teams in Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK entered the competition as title holders after beating SD Itxako in past season 's final . Budućnost Podgorica won the title for the first time by defeating Győri Audi ETO KC in the big final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2015–16_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2015-16 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 23rd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . CSM Bucharest won trophy in their European debut season by defeating Győri ETO 29-26 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': 'Radnički Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ŽRK_Radnički_Belgrade', 'summary': "ŽRK Radnički Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic : Женски рукометни клуб Раднички Београд ) is a women 's handball club from Belgrade , Serbia . Currently , ŽRK Radnički Belegrade competes in the Handball League of Serbia . ŽRK Radnički Belegrade is the most successful Serbian women 's handball club ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1980 , 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1985', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1984-85 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 24th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1984 and Spring 1985 . Spartak Kiev defeated defending champion Radnicki Belgrade in the final to win its tenth title ."}]}, {'value': 'Viborg HK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viborg_HK', 'summary': "Viborg HK ( Viborg Håndbold Klub ) is the name of a Danish handball club from Viborg . The club has many teams for both women and men , but especially the professional women 's team is one of the most successful in Danish and European handball since the beginning of the 1990s . This team currently competes in the women 's Danish Women 's Handball League . The women 's team have won a total of 14 Danish Championships ( all-time record ) , ten Danish Cup Championships ( ranking second in all-time Cup trophies behind FIF ) , three Women 's EHF Cup Championships ( all-time record ) , and three EHF Women 's Champions League Championships ( ranking fifth in all-time Champions League trophies ) . They are also two-time winners of the now cancelled tournament EHF Champions Trophy and one-time winner of the EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup . They won the EHF Women 's Champions League in the 2009/2010 season and won the second time in a row . They also held the title in the 2005-2006 season ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 , 2009 , 2010', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008–09_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2008/09 was the 16th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Hungarian Győri Audi ETO KC at the finals with an aggregate score of 50-49 . It was the second title for Viborg and the fifth for a Danish team . German international Grit Jurack was the tournament 's top scorer with 113 goals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2009–10_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2009-10 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 17th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Romanian CS Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea at the finals with an aggregate score of 60-52 . It was the third title for Viborg and the sixth for a Danish team ."}]}, {'value': '1997 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1996–97_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1996-97 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fourth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 10 October 1996 to 10 May 1997 . The competition system was reformed , as the group stage was expanded from 8 to 16 teams , now replacing the Round of 16 , and the quarter-finals and semifinals were reestablished . Mar Valencia defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Spanish team to win the competition . Defending champion Podravka Koprivnica was defeated by the Danish in the quarter-finals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2000–01_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the eighth edition of the modern era of the EHF 's premier competition for women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 2000 to 23 May 2001 . Krim Ljubljana defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Slovenian team to win the competition , with Budućnost Podgorica and Ferencvárosi TC also reaching the semifinals . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich did n't make it past que group stage ."}]}, {'value': 'Slagelse DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slagelse_FH', 'summary': "Slagelse Dream Team is a handball team from the town of Slagelse , Denmark . It is sometimes referred to as Slagelse DT , and is the professional first team for the handball club Slagelse Forenede Håndboldklubber ( Slagelse FH ) . The club was catapulted into the limelight in 2000 when Anja Andersen took the head coach job and in a very short time led the women 's team to the first Danish victory in the Women 's EHF Champions League final in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 , 2005 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SC Leipzig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Handball_Club_Leipzig', 'summary': "HC Leipzig is a women 's handball club based in Leipzig , Germany . They play in Handball-Bundesliga Frauen and are often competing in the EHF Women 's Champions League , the now defunct EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup , which merged with the Women 's EHF Cup and are internationally regarded as one of the best German women 's handball clubs ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966 , 1974', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1965–66_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1965-66 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 6th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place from 9 January to 16 April 1966 . HC Copenhague entered the competition as title holder , after beating in past season 's final Budapesti Spartacus . Copenhague reached once again the final , but this year the Danish team was defeated by SC Leipzig . It was the first time that an East-German team won the title ."}]}, {'value': '1967 , 1970 , 1972 , 1977', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1966–67_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1966-67 Women 's Handball European Cup was the seventh edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from December 1966 to 2 April 1967 . The title holder , SC Leipzig reached once again the final of the competition , but was defeated in the final by Žalgiris Kaunas . This victory meant the beginning of the soviet domination , until the collapse of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Krim Ljubljana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Krim', 'summary': "Rokometni klub Krim ( English : Krim Handball Club ) , commonly referred to as RK Krim or simply Krim , currently named Krim Mercator due to sponsorship reasons , is a women 's handball club from Ljubljana , Slovenia . The club was founded in 1984 . Krim has won the Slovenian First League 24 times in 28 seasons between 1992 and 2019 . Their international success includes winning the EHF Champions League and EHF Women 's Champions Trophy ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 , 2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2000–01_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the eighth edition of the modern era of the EHF 's premier competition for women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 2000 to 23 May 2001 . Krim Ljubljana defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Slovenian team to win the competition , with Budućnost Podgorica and Ferencvárosi TC also reaching the semifinals . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich did n't make it past que group stage ."}]}, {'value': '1999 , 2004 , 2006', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1998–99_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1998-99 EHF Women 's Champions League was the sixth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 September 1998 to 16 May 1999 . Dunaújvárosi NKS defeated Krim Ljubljana in the final to follow the steps of Vasas SC as the second Hungarian club to win the competition . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich was defeated by the Slovenians in the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': 'ŽRK Budućnost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ŽRK_Budućnost', 'summary': "ŽRK Budućnost is a women 's handball team from Podgorica , Montenegro ( previously , the club also appeared under the names ZRK Buducnost MONET , Buducnost Brillant and Buducnost Titograd ) . Among the numerous titles , Budućnost is two-times winner of EHF Women 's Champions League The club was founded on February 13 , 1949 , and played its first official game in 1950 . The first trophy , the Cup of Yugoslavia , was won in 1984 . In 1985 , ŽRK Budućnost won the Yugoslavian championship , and went on to win their first European title ( Cup Winners ' Cup ) that same year . At the time , the club was pronounced as the best in the country . As of 1988/1989 season , ŽRK Budućnost dominated the national competition , and was the champion of all the now defunct countries - SFR Yugoslavia , FR Yugoslavia , Serbia & Montenegro . The club continued to dominate the national championship in Montenegro since it gained independence in 2006 . ŽRK Budućnost won the titles of European Champion twice - on seasons 2012 and 2015 . ŽRK Budućnost is strongly supported by Budućnost sports fans , the Varvari . ŽRK Budućnost is a part of Budućnost Podgorica sports society ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011–12_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2011-12 EHF Women 's Champions League was the nineteenth edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the top continental handball event for club teams in Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK entered the competition as title holders after beating SD Itxako in past season 's final . Budućnost Podgorica won the title for the first time by defeating Győri Audi ETO KC in the big final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2014–15_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 22nd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost won the title for the second time by defeating Larvik HK 26-22 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013–14_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2013-14 EHF Women 's Champions League is the 21st edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri Audi ETO KC were the title holder and successfully defended their title ."}]}, {'value': 'Žalgiris Kaunas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MRK_Žalgiris_Kaunas', 'summary': "Moterų Rankinio Klubas Žalgiris Kaunas is a Lithuanian women 's handball club from Kaunas . A founding member of the European Cup in 1961 , Žalgiris won three editions in a row between 1967 and 1969 in addition to two Soviet Championships , which makes it one of the most successful Lithuanian teams in overall international competitions . However the team declined subsequently , with Spartak Kiev dominating both competitions for nearly two decades . In 1979 Žalgiris made it into the championship 's top three for the last time , with Egle Vilnius becoming the major Lithuanian team in the championship . Since the break-up of the Soviet Union Žalgiris has played in the Lithuanian League ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967 , 1968', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1966–67_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1966-67 Women 's Handball European Cup was the seventh edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from December 1966 to 2 April 1967 . The title holder , SC Leipzig reached once again the final of the competition , but was defeated in the final by Žalgiris Kaunas . This victory meant the beginning of the soviet domination , until the collapse of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vasas Budapest', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Vasas_SC_(women's_handball)", 'summary': "Vasas-Angyalföldi Sportiskola ( English : Vasas-Sports School of Angyalföld , abbreviated Vasas-ASI ) is a Hungarian women 's handball team . It is part of the Budapest-based multi-sports club Vasas SC . One of the most successful teams in the country , they have won the Hungarian championship a record 15 times and in 1982 they were also crowned as the European Champions Cup winners ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978 , 1979 , 1993 , 1994', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1992–93_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1992-93 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 32nd and final edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place September 1992 and 15 May 1993 . Starting with the following edition the competition was run by EHF , which changed its name to Champions League and its system to include a group stage . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Vasas Budapest in the final to win its fourth title in five years ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1993–94_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1993-94 EHF Women 's Champions League was the first edition of the European Champions Cup , the premier European women 's club handball tournament , being organized by the European Handball Federation . The competition was renamed EHF Champions League and the format of the football 1991-92 European Cup and 1992-93 UEFA Champions League was adopted . This inaugural edition of the Champions League was won by Hypo Niederösterreich in a replay of the previous season 's final match against Vasas Budapest . It was their third European Cup in a row ."}]}, {'value': 'Sagunto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BM_Sagunto', 'summary': "Club Balonmano Sagunto was a Spanish women 's handball club from Sagunto founded in 1978 which in July , 2012 moved to Valencia and joint CE Handbol Marítim to play in División de Honor as Valencia Aicequip ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1996–97_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1996-97 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fourth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 10 October 1996 to 10 May 1997 . The competition system was reformed , as the group stage was expanded from 8 to 16 teams , now replacing the Round of 16 , and the quarter-finals and semifinals were reestablished . Mar Valencia defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Spanish team to win the competition . Defending champion Podravka Koprivnica was defeated by the Danish in the quarter-finals ."}]}, {'value': '1998 , 2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1997–98_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1997-98 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fifth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 October 1997 to 16 May 1998 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion Mar Valencia in the final to win its seventh title ."}]}, {'value': 'Kometal Skopje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kometal_Gjorče_Petrov_Skopje', 'summary': 'Kometal Gjorče Petrov Skopje ( Macedonian : Ракометен Клуб Кометал Ѓорче Петров ) was a female handball club based in Skopje , the capital of Macedonia .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 , 2005', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1999–2000_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the seventh edition of the modern era of the premier competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 1 October 1999 to 27 May 2000 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Macedonia 's Gjorce Petrov in the final to win its eighth title , with Budućnost Podgorica ( which defeated defending champion Dunaújvárosi NKS in the quarter-finals ) and Dynamo Volgograd also reaching the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': 'Larvik HK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larvik_HK', 'summary': "Larvik Håndballklubb , is a women 's handball club from Larvik , Norway ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010–11_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2010-11 is the 18th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK won the title for the first time after defeating SD Itxako 47-46 on aggregate in the final ."}]}, {'value': '2013 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2012-13 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 20th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost Podgorica was title holder , after beating Győri Audi ETO KC in past season 's final . Győri redeemed themselves by winning this seasons 's edition . They defeated Larvik HK 47-43 in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2014–15_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 22nd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost won the title for the second time by defeating Larvik HK 26-22 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': 'HG København', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1964–65_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1964-65 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the fifth edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from late 1964 to 16 April 1965 . The number of contestants decreased from thirteen to ten due to the absences of Austria , Poland and Romania , so the qualifying stage was reduced from five ties to just two . Unlike the two previous editions , the final was carried out as a two-legged tie . HG Copenhague became the first team from the Western Bloc to win the competition in the third appearance in a row of the Danish representative in the final , while Budapesti Spartacus was the first Hungarian team to reach it . The absence of Romania meant there was no defending champion this year ."}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1965–66_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1965-66 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 6th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place from 9 January to 16 April 1966 . HC Copenhague entered the competition as title holder , after beating in past season 's final Budapesti Spartacus . Copenhague reached once again the final , but this year the Danish team was defeated by SC Leipzig . It was the first time that an East-German team won the title ."}]}, {'value': 'TV Giessen-Lützellinden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Giessen-Lützellinden', 'summary': "TV Lützellinden 1904 e.V. , also known as TV Giessen-Lützellinden , was a German sports club from Giessen best known for its women 's handball team . It was established in 1904 . Lützellinden won seven national championships and five national cups between 1988 and 2001 , which makes it the Bundesliga 's most successful team after Bayer Leverkusen . In 1991 it reached the European Cup 's final and defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the first ex-West German club to win the major European trophy . Lützellinden also reached the final the following year , but lost to Niederösterreich . In 1993 Lützellinden won its second EHF trophy , the Cup Winners ' Cup , beating Rostselmash in the final . It subsequently reached the 1994 Champions League 's semifinals and the 1995 Cup Winners ' Cup 's final , lost to Dunaújvárosi NKS , before winning its second Cup Winners ' Cup in 1996 over Kraš Zagreb . Its best results in its seven last international appearances , between 1997 and 2003 , was reaching the 2002 EHF Cup 's semifinals . In 2004 Lützellinden was relegated to the Regionalliga for financial trouble , and two years later it was disbanded . A new club was created , TSV 2006 Lützellinden ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1990-91 IHF Women 's European Champions Cup was the 30th edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between September 1990 and April 1991 . TV Giessen defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the third German club to win the competition after East Germany 's HC Leipzig and TSC Berlin . Rostselmash and Buducnost Titograd were the last teams to represent former powerhouses Soviet Union and SFR Yugoslavia in the competition due to the collapse of both states in the following months ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991–92_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1991-92 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 31st edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place between September 1991 and 18 April 1992 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion TV Giessen-Lützellinden in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to win its third title ."}]}, {'value': 'Podravka Koprivnica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Podravka_Koprivnica', 'summary': "Rukometni Klub Podravka Koprivnica is a Croatian women 's handball club from Koprivnica . It is the most successful club in Croatian women 's handball since formation of the league in 1992 . The team currently competes in the Croatia women 's first handball league . They have a fan club called Red Roosters formed in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1995–96_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1995-96 EHF Women 's Champions League was the third edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1995 to 11 May 1996 . Podravka Koprivnica defeated Hypo Niederösterreich in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to become the first Croatian club to win the competition , ending the Austrians four-years winning streak ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1994–95_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1994-95 EHF Women 's Champions League was the second edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1994 to 7 May 1995 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Podravka Koprivnica in the final to win its fourth title in a row , an overall sixth . While Lokomotiva Zagreb had reached the competition 's final in 1975 , Podravka became the first Croatian team to attain this representing independent Croatia as war approached its end ."}]}, {'value': 'Știința București', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CS_Universitatea_Știința_București', 'summary': "CS Universitatea Știința București , commonly known as Știința București , is a women 's handball team based in Bucharest , Romania that competes in the Divizia A . In 1961 , they became the first Romanian team to win the European Champions Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1961_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1961 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the inaugural edition of the premier competition for women 's handball clubs . Eight teams from Austria , Czechoslovakia , France , West Germany , Poland , Romania , the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia took part in the competition , which took place from 19 January to 18 March 1961 . Știința Bucharest defeated Spartak Subotica , Zalgiris Kaunas and finally Dynamo Prague in the final 's both legs to become the first European champion . It was the first of three titles won by Romanian teams to date ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sparta Prague', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1961–62_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1961-62 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the second edition of the premier international competition for women 's handball clubs . Like the inaugural edition , eight teams took part in the championship , which took place from November 1961 to 1 April 1962 . Out of the eight founding members the Soviet Union did n't take part in the competition , while Romania was represented by national champion Rapid Bucharest and defending champion Ştiinţa Bucharest . Both teams were confronted in the quarter-finals , in the first match between two teams from the same country . Sparta Prague won the competition by beating ORK Belgrade in the final . This remains the only edition won by a club from former Czechoslovakia and the last appearance of a Czech team in a final ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trud Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trud_Moscow', 'summary': "KSK Luch Moscow is a Russian women 's handball club from Moscow . Founded in 1959 as Trud Moscow , it took its current name in 1966 . The team enjoyed its golden era in the 1960s , winning the third edition of the European Cup and five of the seven first editions of the Soviet Championship . Luch gradually declined in subsequent years , making it into the championship 's top three for the last time in 1975 . Following the break-up of the Soviet Union Luch has played in the Russian Super League . The team has appeared occasionally in European competitions since , with the 1998 Cup Winners ' Cup 's quarter-finals and the 2001 Challenge Cup 's semifinals as its best results . It last appeared in the 2009 Cup Winners ' Cup . Most recently it was 7th in the 2012 championship 's regular stage ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1962–63_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1962-63 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the third edition of the premier international competition for European women 's handball clubs , taking place from November 1962 to April 1963 . Fourteen teams took part in the competition , with Denmark , East Germany , Hungary , Netherlands and Sweden making its first appearance , so a first round was introduced . 1962 champion and runner-up Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were granted byes for the quarter-finals . For the first time the final was carried out as a single match , taking place in Prague on April 14 . Trud Moscow , representing the Soviet Union as the first champion of the newly founded Soviet Championship , became the first of three Soviet teams to win the competition by beating Ruch Chorzów , defending champion Spartak Prague Sokolovo and finally Frederiksberg IF , which was the first team from Western Europe to reach the final ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Records and statistics -- Performance by club', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "EHF_Women's_Champions_League_0", 'intro': "The Women's EHF Champions League is the competition for the top women's handball clubs in Europe, organised annually by the European Handball Federation (EHF). The official name for the competition is the DELO WOMEN'S EHF Champions League. It is the most prestigious tournament for clubs, with the champions of Europe's top national leagues participating."}
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What are the fans of the team that won in 1996 called ?
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Red Roosters
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0311ba3339bf6c97
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number-one_singles_of_2003_(France)', 'title': 'List of number-one singles of 2003 (France)', 'header': ['Pos', 'Artist', 'Title', 'Sales*'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DJ BoBo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DJ_BoBo', 'summary': "Peter René Baumann ( born 5 January 1968 ) , better known as DJ BoBo , is a Swiss recording artist , singer-songwriter , dancer and music producer . He has sold 14 million records worldwide and has released 12 studio albums as well as a few compilation albums which have included his previous hits in a reworked format . DJ BoBo has also released as many as 34 singles to date , some of which have charted high , not only in German speaking countries , but also in other European territories . As a dance music producer , his first big success came with the single Somebody Dance with Me , which borrows its melody from Rockwell 's Somebody 's Watching Me . After this , he charted with the singles Keep on Dancing , Take Control , Everybody , Let the Dream Come True , Love Is All Around , Freedom , Pray and What a Feeling , as well as Chihuahua , almost all of which comprised fast-paced Eurodance sound with female vocals and rap verses performed by René . Between 1992 through 2007 , he had 27 single chart-hits in Switzerland and Germany , and has won 10 World Music Awards for being Switzerland 's best selling artist . René has received numerous Gold and Platinum certifications for his singles and albums and has found success in Europe ( primarily in ( Germany ) and Switzerland ) , Asia and South America ."}]}, {'value': 'Chihuahua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chihuahua_(song)', 'summary': "Chihuahua is a song recorded by Swiss artist DJ BoBo . It was the first single from his tenth album , Visions , and was released in late 2002 and early 2003 in many countries . It was his most successful single , topping the charts in France and Switzerland and becoming the summer hit of the year . It can also be considered as DJ BoBo 's signature song ."}]}, {'value': '1,050,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tragédie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tragédie_(duo)', 'summary': 'Tragédie is a French rap duo made up of Tizy Bone and Silk Shaï from Nantes . They had three singles that reached # 1 in France .'}]}, {'value': 'Hey Oh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hey_Oh_(song)', 'summary': "Hey Oh is a 2003 song recorded by French duet Tragédie . This R & B song was released as debut single from the album Tragédie on September 2003 . It achieved a huge success in France and Belgium where it stayed at the top of the singles charts for several weeks . This song can be considered as Tragédie 's signature song and the most successful single of the band . Two versions ( radio edit and part II ) are included on the album . The song also featured in a live version on band 's album Live , released in 2005 . This song contains an instrumental taken from the song Family Affair by Mary J. Blige . [ citation needed ] The song was covered by Les Enfoirés on their album 2011 : Dans l'œil des Enfoirés , and included in the medley À la porte du Night Club . The song was performed by Amel Bent , Jenifer Bartoli , Thomas Dutronc , Grégoire , Jean-Baptiste Maunier , Yannick Noah , Jean-Michèle Laroque , MC Solaar and Pascal Obispo ."}]}, {'value': '656,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Labylle and Cheela featuring J. Desvarieux & Passi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jocelyne_Labylle', 'summary': 'Jocelyne Labylle ( born 1973 in Saint-Claude , Guadeloupe ) is a Guadeloupean zouk musician .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Passi', 'summary': "Passi ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ paˈsi ] ) is a French hip hop artist who became famous in the mid-1990s with the group Ministère AMER , which included himself and Stomy Bugsy . He is most widely known , however , as a solo artist , as well as a participant in many other groups , such as Bisso Na Bisso and Dis l'heure 2 zouk ."}]}, {'value': 'Laisse parler les gens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laisse_parler_les_gens', 'summary': "Laisse parler les gens ( Let People Talk ) is a song released in the summer of 2003 in Europe , Africa and in the Caribbeans . The song features Jocelyne Labylle , Cheela , Passi and Jacob Desvarieux . It is Afro-Zouk and is from the album Dis L'heure 2 Zouk . The song sold more than a million copies and was nominated for Victoires de la musique . This song was the summer anthem of 2003 in France , Belgium ( where it was a number-one hit ) , Africa , and the Caribbean . As of August 2014 , the song was the 12th best-selling single of the 21st century in France , with 640,000 units sold ."}]}, {'value': '507,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chimène Badi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chimène_Badi', 'summary': 'Chimène Badi ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʃimɛn badi ] ; born 30 October 1982 in Melun , Seine-et-Marne ) , also known by her mononym Chimène , is a French singer of Algerian descent .'}]}, {'value': 'Entre Nous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Entre_Nous_(Chimène_Badi_song)', 'summary': "Entre Nous is the name of a 2003 song recorded by the French-born singer Chimène Badi . Released as her debut single in January 2003 from the album of the same name on which it features as the first track , it allowed Badi to achieve success in France where it topped the chart , and was a top five hit in Belgium ( Wallonia ) and Switzerland . To date , it is her most successful single . As of August 2014 , the song was the 15th best-selling single of the 21st century in France , with 584,000 units sold . The song was also performed on Badi 's 2005 concert at the Olympia , Paris , and was also included on her live album Live à l'Olympia , as sixth track on the second CD . The song was covered by Marc Lavoine and Jean-Baptiste Maunier for Les Enfoirés ' 2006 album Le Village des Enfoirés and included in a medley named Medley Adultes en enfants . It was then covered again in 2012 , this time sung by Amel Bent , Garou , Renan Luce and Hélène Segara"}]}, {'value': '531,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alphonse Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Youn', 'summary': 'Michaël Benayoun ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ mikaɛl benajun ] , born 2 December 1973 ) , better known by his stage name Michaël Youn ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ mikaɛl jun ] ) , is a French actor , singer , comedian and television personality .'}]}, {'value': 'Le Frunkp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Frunkp', 'summary': 'Le Frunkp is a 2002 song performed by the fictional character Alphonse Brown ( portrayed by Michaël Youn ) , the unknown son of James Brown , who tries to start his own career by creating a new ( fictional ) style called Frunkp ( a mixture of funk and rap ) , in French film La Beuze , written by Youn and Desagnat . The music video shows images from film . The song became a hit , topping the charts in all countries where it was released . As of August 2014 , the song was the 16th best-selling single of the 21st century in France , with 573,000 units sold .'}]}, {'value': '508,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lorie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lorie_(singer)', 'summary': 'Laure Pester , professionally known as Lorie , ( born May 2 , 1982 ) is a French singer . She has sold over 8 million albums and singles worldwide as of December 2007 . Her first studio album Près de toi was certified triple platinum in France and she followed it with five other certified albums . Lorie is also an actress , who lent her voice for many French versions of international movies including Stuart Little 2 . She stars in the TF1 TV film De feu et de glace , and guest-starred as a Parisian model on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless . She has also launched a clothing line , Lorie , only found in the Z stores in France . Her contract with Z ended in early 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sur un air latino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sur_un_air_latino', 'summary': 'Sur un air latino is a 2003 single recorded by the French singer Lorie . Released on 19 May 2003 , the song was the third single from her second album Tendrement . It achieved a great success , topping the French and Belgian Singles Charts .'}]}, {'value': '517,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hermes House Band and DJ Ötzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hermes_House_Band', 'summary': 'The Hermes House Band is a Dutch pop band , established in 1984 by members of the Rotterdamsch Studenten Corps , a fraternity/sorority in Rotterdam , Netherlands . They have released more than 25 albums and singles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/DJ_Ötzi', 'summary': "Gerhard Gerry Friedle ( born 7 January 1971 ) is an Austrian entertainer and singer , better known by his stage name DJ Ötzi ( pronounced [ ˈdiːdʒɛɪ ˈœtsiː ] ) . Successful mainly in German-speaking countries , he is best known in the English-speaking world for his 2000 single Hey Baby ( Uhh , Ahh ) , a cover version of the Bruce Channel song Hey ! Baby . His stage name comes from Ötzi the Iceman , the name given to the 5,300-year-old frozen remains of a mummified man discovered in 1991 in South Tyrol 's Ötztal Alps ."}]}, {'value': 'Live Is Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Live_Is_Life', 'summary': 'Live Is Life is a song originally recorded in 1984 by Austrian group Opus . It was a European number-one hit in the summer of 1985 . The single also reached number one in Canada and was a top 40 hit in the US in 1986 . It was covered by many artists throughout the years .'}]}, {'value': '518,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florent Pagny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florent_Pagny', 'summary': "Florent Pagny is a French singer-songwriter , musician and actor . He records his work in French , as well as in Italian , Spanish and English . His greatest hits include N'importe quoi , Savoir aimer and Ma Liberté de penser - all three were number one in France . As of 2018 , he has sold more than 6 million singles and 10 million albums , becoming the 17th best-selling artist of all time in France ."}]}, {'value': 'Ma Liberté de penser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Liberté_de_penser', 'summary': 'Ma liberté de penser is a 2003 pop song recorded by French singer Florent Pagny . It was the first single from his album Ailleurs land , and was released in March 2003 . It achieved a huge success in France and Belgium ( Wallonia ) , topping the singles charts for several weeks .'}]}, {'value': '497,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Diam 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diam's", 'summary': "Mélanie Georgiades ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ melani ʒɔʁʒjad ] ; born 25 July 1980 in Nicosia ) , better known by her stage name Diam 's ( [ djams ] ) , is a French rapper and singer of Greek Cypriot origin ."}]}, {'value': 'DJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': '508,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Multi-interprètes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'We Will Rock You ( remix )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '530,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Top ten best sales -- Singles', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_number-one_hits_of_2003_(France)_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the French SNEP Top 100 Singles & Top 150 albums number-ones of 2003.'}
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A 2003 French Afro-Zouk song by a French hip hop artist and featuring a Guadeloupean zouk musician , translates into English as what ?
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Let People Talk
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03121906bfafb944
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_brothers', 'title': 'List of Kappa Alpha Psi brothers', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Robert Sengstacke Abbott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Sengstacke_Abbott', 'summary': 'Robert Sengstacke Abbott ( November 24 , 1870 - February 29 , 1940 ) was an American lawyer , newspaper publisher and editor . Abbott founded The Chicago Defender in 1905 , which grew to have the highest circulation of any black-owned newspaper in the country . An early adherent of the Baháʼí religion in the United States , Abbott founded the Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic in August 1929 . The parade , which has developed into a celebration for youth , education and African-American life in Chicago , Illinois ; Is the second largest parade in the United States . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago ( IL ) Alumni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago,_IL', 'summary': "Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International ."}]}, {'value': "Known as the African-American William Randolph Hearst , Abbott was the owner and publisher of the preeminent African-American newspaper of the 20th century , The Chicago Defender . Abbot is the 2nd awardee of the fraternity 's Laurel Wreath award", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender', 'summary': "The Chicago Defender is a Chicago-based online newspaper . The Defender was founded in 1905 by Robert S. Abbott for primarily African-American readers . Historically , it is considered the most important paper of what was then known as the colored or Negro press . Abbott 's newspaper reported and campaigned against Jim Crow era violence and urged blacks in the American South to come north in what became the Great Migration . Abbott worked out an informal distribution system with Pullman porters who surreptitiously ( and sometimes against southern state laws and mores ) took his paper by rail far beyond Chicago , especially to African American readers in the Southern United States . Under his nephew and chosen successor , John H. Sengstacke , the paper took on segregation , especially in the U.S. military , during World War II . Copies of the paper were passed along in communities , and it is estimated that at its most successful , each copy made its way into the hands of four or five African-Americans . In 1919-1922 , the Defender attracted the writing talents of Langston Hughes ; from the 1940s through 1960s Hughes also wrote an opinion column for the paper . Washington D.C and international correspondent Ethel Payne , poet Gwendolyn Brooks , author Willard Motley , and journalist Ida B . Wells wrote for the paper at different times . During the height of the civil rights movement era , it was published as The Chicago Daily Defender , a daily newspaper , beginning in 1956 . It returned to a weekly paper in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert W. Bogle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_W._Bogle', 'summary': "Robert W. Bogle president and CEO of the Philadelphia Tribune newspaper , where he has worked for 39 years . Bogle joined the Philadelphia Tribune in 1970 selling advertising . Bogle has been a community leader for many years , and is especially active in the advancements of black Philadelphians . Bogle attended Cheyney University in Cheyney , Pennsylvania , where he matriculated to study Sociology , earning a B.A . in Urban Studies . He attended the University of Pennsylvania 's Wharton School of Business and Finance to study marketing and economics . Bogle is chairman of the Hospitals and Higher Education Facilities Authority of Philadelphia and serves as a commissioner of the Delaware River Port Authority . He contributes as a board member to the Zoological Society of Philadelphia , the Workforce Investment Board , and the African-American Chamber of Commerce . In October 1997 , Bogle was appointed as a governor to the Board of Governors of the United Way of America and board member to the Philadelphia Orchestra . In 1995 , 1997 and 1999 , the NNPA honored Bogle with the Russwurm Award , the highest honor to Best Newspaper in America , in the name of John B. Russwurm , co-founder of Freedom 's Journal , the first African-American newspaper in the U.S. ( 1827 ) . In June 2000 , at Drexel University , Philadelphia , an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters degree was bestowed upon Bogle ."}]}, {'value': 'Norristown ( PA ) Alumni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norristown,_PA', 'summary': 'Norristown is a borough ( with home rule status ) in and the county seat of Montgomery County , Pennsylvania , United States . Located along the Schuylkill River approximately two miles from the Philadelphia city limits , Norristown has a population of 34,324 as of the 2010 U.S. Census . It is the fourth most populous municipality in the county and second most populous borough in Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': 'President/CEO of Philadelphia Tribune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Tribune', 'summary': 'The Philadelphia Tribune is the oldest continuously published African-American newspaper in the United States . The paper began in 1884 when Christopher J. Perry published its first copy . Throughout its history , The Philadelphia Tribune has been committed to the social , political , and economic advancement of African Americans in the Greater Philadelphia region . During a time when African Americans struggled for equality , the Tribune acted as the Voice of the black community for Philadelphia . Historian V. P. Franklin asserted that the Tribune was ( and is ) an important Afro-American cultural institution that embodied the predominant cultural values of upper- , middle- , and lower-class Black Philadelphians . :276 In the early 21st century , the paper is headquartered at 520 South 16th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It publishes on Tuesday , Wednesday , Thursday , Friday , and Sunday . The Philadelphia Tribune also publishes the Tribune Magazine , Entertainment Now , Sojourner , The Learning Key , and The Sunday Tribune . The Tribune has a weekly readership of about 625,000 , and is mostly read by people living in the Philadelphia-Camden Metro Area , as well as in Chester . The Tribune has received the John B. Russwurm award as Best Newspaper in the country seven times since 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles M. Blow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_M._Blow', 'summary': 'Charles McRay Blow ( born August 11 , 1970 ) is an American journalist , commentator , and op-ed columnist for The New York Times .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Psi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grambling_State_University', 'summary': "Grambling State University ( GSU , Grambling , or Grambling State ) is a historically black public university in Grambling , Louisiana . The university is home of the Eddie G. Robinson Museum and is listed on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail . The university is a member-school of the University of Louisiana System . Grambling State 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Grambling State Tigers . The university is a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'American journalist ; current visual op-ed columnist for The New York Times ; former graphics director and art director for National Geographic magazine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_New_York_Times', 'summary': "The New York Times is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership . Founded in 1851 , the paper has won 127 Pulitzer Prizes , more than any other newspaper . The Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. Nicknamed The Gray Lady , the Times has long been regarded within the industry as a national newspaper of record . The paper 's motto , All the News That 's Fit to Print , appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page . The paper is owned by The New York Times Company , which is publicly traded and is controlled by the Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure . It has been owned by the family since 1896 ; A.G. Sulzberger , the paper 's publisher , and his father , Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. , the company 's chairman , are the fourth and fifth generation of the family to head the paper . Since the mid-1970s , The New York Times has greatly expanded its layout and organization , adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news , editorials , sports , and features . Since 2008 , the Times has been organized into the following sections : News , Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed , New York ( metropolitan ) , Business , Sports of The Times , Arts , Science , Styles , Home , Travel , and other features . On Sunday , the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review ( formerly the Week in Review ) , The New York Times Book Review , The New York Times Magazine and T : The New York Times Style Magazine . The Times stayed with the broadsheet full-page set-up and an eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six , and was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography , especially on the front page ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Art_director', 'summary': 'Art director is the title for a variety of similar job functions in theater , advertising , marketing , publishing , fashion , film and television , the Internet , and video games . It is the charge of a sole art director to supervise and unify the vision . In particular , the art director is in charge of the overall visual appearance and how it communicates visually , stimulates moods , contrasts features , and psychologically appeals to a target audience . The art director makes decisions about visual elements used , what artistic style to use , and when to use motion . One of the most difficult problems that art directors face is to translate desired moods , messages , concepts , and underdeveloped ideas into imagery . During the brainstorming process , art directors , co-workers , and clients are engaged in imagining what the finished piece or scene might look like . At times , an art director is ultimately responsible for solidifying the vision of the collective imagination while resolving conflicting agenda and inconsistencies between the various individual inputs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)', 'summary': 'National Geographic ( formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO ) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society . It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888 , nine months after the Society itself was founded . It primarily contains articles about science , geography , history , and world culture . The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs . Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by The Walt Disney Company since 2019 . The magazine is published monthly , and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions . It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition . On occasion , special editions of the magazine are issued . [ citation needed ] As of 2015 , the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of approximately 6.5 million per month according to data published by The Washington Post ( down from about 12 million in the late 1980s ) or 6.7 million according to National Geographic . This includes a US circulation of 3.5 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Broussard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Broussard', 'summary': "Christopher Dana Broussard ( born October 28 , 1968 ) is an American sports analyst and commentator for Fox Sports 1 and Fox Sports Radio . He is best known for his coverage of the NBA . Previously , he worked for The New York Times , ESPN The Magazine and ESPN.com , and made appearances on ESPN 's SportsCenter , NBA Countdown , First Take , and NBA Fastbreak as an analyst ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Nu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oberlin_College', 'summary': "Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin , Ohio . It is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world . The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States . In 1835 Oberlin became one of the first colleges in the United States to admit African Americans , and in 1837 the first to admit women ( other than Franklin College 's brief experiment in the 1780s ) . It has been known since its founding for progressive student activism . The College of Arts & Sciences offers more than 50 majors , minors , and concentrations . Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium . Since its founding , Oberlin has graduated 16 Rhodes Scholars , 20 Truman Scholars , three Nobel laureates , seven Pulitzer Prize winners , and 12 MacArthur fellows . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Sports columnist and sports reporter for Fox Sports 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Sports_1', 'summary': "Fox Sports 1 ( FS1 ) is an American pay television channel that is owned by the Fox Sports Media Group , a unit of Fox Corporation . FS1 replaced the motorsports network Speed on August 17 , 2013 , at the same time that its companion channel Fox Sports 2 replaced Fuel TV . Both FS1 and FS2 absorbed most of the sports programming from its predecessors , as well as content from Fox Soccer , which was replaced by the entertainment-based channel FXX on September 2 , 2013 . FS1 airs an array of live sporting events , including Major League Baseball , college sports ( most notably Big Ten , Pac-12 and Big 12 football , and Big East basketball ) , soccer matches ( including Major League Soccer , Liga MX , Bundesliga , and Copa Libertadores ) , United States Golf Association championship events , UFC mixed martial arts , and a variety of motorsports events such as NASCAR , IMSA , Formula E , ARCA , and the NHRA . FS1 also features daily sports news , analysis and discussion programming as well as sports-related reality and documentary programs . The network is based primarily from the Fox Sports division 's headquarters in the Westwood section of Los Angeles , California , though the network also has significant broadcast operations in New York City , New York and Charlotte , North Carolina ( the latter of which had served as Speed 's home base ) . As of September 2018 , Fox Sports 1 is available to approximately 83.3 million pay television households ( 90.3% of households with cable ) in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Bryan Burwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Burwell', 'summary': "Bryan Ellis Burwell ( August 4 , 1955 - December 4 , 2014 ) was an American sportswriter . He wrote for the St. Louis Post Dispatch and as on-air talent on CBS Sports 920 in St. Louis , weekday afternoons . He worked as an on-air talent at 101 ESPN Radio in St. Louis , Missouri . He was featured on ESPN 's Jim Rome is Burning and ESPN 's The Sports Reporters . Burwell also was a co-writer and host of a documentary on the baseball 's Negro League called The Color of Change . . Burwell recounted in The Color of Change the trials and tribulations of the baseball league built by racism and its ultimate demise . The documentary featured interviews with Buck O'Neil , Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Hall of Famer Ozzie Smith for the St. Louis Post Dispatch . Burwell died at the age of 59 on December 4 , 2014 from cancer ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Phi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_University', 'summary': "Virginia State University ( VSU or Virginia State ) is a historically black public land-grant university in Ettrick , Virginia . Founded on March 6 , 1882 ( 1882-03-06 ) , Virginia State developed as the United States 's first fully state-supported four-year institution of higher learning for black Americans . The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund ."}]}, {'value': 'Sportswriter and sports television personality', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Corke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Corke', 'summary': "Kevin Corke is an American journalist and is presently a White House Correspondent for Fox News Channel in Washington D.C. Corke was a national news correspondent based in Washington D.C. for NBC News from 2004-2008 . Most of his work there involved coverage of the Bush Administration as a member of the White House Press Corps . Additionally , Corke frequently reported from The Pentagon , U.S. Supreme Court and other locations in Washington D.C. Corke also figured prominently in NBC 's coverage of the Virginia Tech shooting . Previously , Corke was a news anchor at WTVJ-TV NBC in Miami . Corke also has been frequently seen as a play-by-play sports broadcaster for ESPN . Corke was an anchor and coordinating producer at ESPN in Bristol , CT . While there , he could be seen anchoring SportsCenter , the network 's flagship program . Corke was also a sportscaster at 9News KUSA in Denver . Corke covered the Olympic Games in Atlanta and Torino , the latter while a correspondent at NBC News . Corke is a graduate of Harvard University where he earned a Master 's degree and received the Littauer Fellow citation for academic excellence , leadership and commitment to work in the public interest . He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder where he earned Master 's and Bachelor 's degrees in Journalism . Kevin Corke has won numerous journalism awards , among them national and regional Emmys ."}]}, {'value': 'Beta Theta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder', 'summary': "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Fox News White House Correspondent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_News', 'summary': "Fox News ( officially Fox News Channel and abbreviated FNC ) is an American conservative cable television news channel . It is owned by the Fox News Group , which itself was owned by News Corporation from 1996-2013 , 21st Century Fox from 2013-2019 , and Fox Corporation since 2019 . The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City . Fox News is provided in 86 countries or overseas territories worldwide , with international broadcasts featuring Fox Extra segments during ad breaks . The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch to appeal to a conservative audience , hiring former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO . It launched on October 7 , 1996 , to 17 million cable subscribers . Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become the dominant subscription news network in the U.S. As of September 2018 [ update ] , approximately 87,118,000 US households ( 90.8% of television subscribers ) receive Fox News . In 2019 , Fox News was the top-rated cable network averaging 2.5 million viewers . Murdoch is the current executive chairman and Suzanne Scott is the CEO . Fox News has been described as practicing biased reporting in favor of the Republican Party , the George W. Bush and Donald Trump administrations , and conservative causes while slandering the Democratic Party and spreading harmful propaganda intended to negatively affect its members ' electoral performances . Critics have cited the channel as detrimental to the integrity of news overall . Fox News employees have said that news reporting operates independently of its opinion and commentary programming , and have denied bias in news reporting , while former employees have said that Fox ordered them to slant the news in favor of conservatives ."}, {'url': '/wiki/White_House_Correspondent', 'summary': "The White House Correspondents ' Association ( WHCA ) is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the President of the United States . The WHCA was founded on February 25 , 1914 by journalists in response to an unfounded rumor that a United States congressional committee would select which journalists could attend press conferences of President Woodrow Wilson . The WHCA operates independently of the White House . Among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process , access to the President and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms . Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents ' Dinner , which is traditionally attended by the President and covered by the news media . Not every member of the White House press corps is a member of the White House Correspondents ' Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Alan Roger Currie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Roger_Currie_(American_author)', 'summary': 'Alan Roger Currie ( born March 3 , 1963 ) is an American dating coach , self-help author , motivational speaker , and YouTube personality . He has written advice books on dating and interpersonal relationships , verbal communication skills , identifying various manipulative mind games employed between the genders , seduction , erotic dominance & submission ( BDSM ) , and engaging in erotically explicit dirty talk with women .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)', 'summary': "Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , IU , or simply Indiana ) is a public research university in Bloomington , Indiana . It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and , with over 40,000 students , its largest university . Indiana University is a Public Ivy university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities . It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs , including the Jacobs School of Music , the Luddy School of Informatics , Computing , and Engineering , the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs , the Kelley School of Business , the School of Public Health , the School of Nursing , the School of Optometry , the Maurer School of Law , the School of Education , the Media School , and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies . As of Fall 2017 , 43,710 students attend Indiana University . While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana , students from all 50 states , Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled . As of 2018 [ update ] , the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276 . The university is home to an extensive student life program , with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system . Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference ; since it does not have a mascot , all teams are known simply as Hoosiers . Indiana 's faculty , staff , and alumni include nine Nobel laureates , 17 Rhodes Scholars , 17 Marshall Scholars , and five MacArthur Fellows . In addition , students and alumni have won six Academy Awards , 49 Grammy Awards , 32 Emmy Awards , 20 Pulitzer Prizes , four Tony Awards , and 104 Olympic medals ( 55 gold , 17 silver , and 32 bronze ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Author , public speaker , radio personality', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harold Dow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_Dow', 'summary': 'Harold Dow ( September 28 , 1947 - August 21 , 2010 ) was an American television news correspondent , journalist , and investigative reporter with CBS News .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Eta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_at_Omaha', 'summary': "The University of Nebraska Omaha ( Omaha or UNO ) is a public research university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded in 1908 by faculty from the Omaha Presbyterian Theological Seminary as a private non-sectarian college , the university was originally known as the University of Omaha . Originally meant to provide a Christian-based education free from ecclesiastical control , the university served as a strong alternative to the city 's many successful religiously affiliated institutions . Since the year 2000 , the university has more than tripled its student housing and opened a 450-bed student dormitory and academic space on its south campus in 2017 . It has also recently constructed modern facilities for its engineering , information technology , business , and biomechanics programs . UNO currently offers more than 200 programs of study across 6 different colleges and has over 60 classroom , student , athletic , and research facilities spread across 3 campuses . The Omaha Mavericks compete in 15 NCAA Division I sports in both the NCHC and Summit League conferences . The ice hockey , basketball , and volleyball teams compete in the new Baxter Arena located on the university 's Center street campus . Softball and baseball facilities are currently under construction . UNO enjoyed national attention in 2015 , when its men 's hockey team reached the national semifinal ( Frozen Four ) of the NCAA tournament for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'American news correspondent , journalist and investigative reporter for CBS News', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CBS_News', 'summary': "CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS . CBS News television programs include the CBS Evening News , CBS This Morning , news magazine programs CBS Sunday Morning , 60 Minutes , and 48 Hours , and Sunday morning political affairs program Face the Nation . CBS News Radio produces hourly newscasts for hundreds of radio stations , and also oversees CBS News podcasts like The Takeout Podcast . CBS News also operates the 24-hour digital news network CBSN . The president and senior executive producer of CBS News is Susan Zirinsky , who assumed the role on March 1 , 2019 . Zirinsky , the first female president of the network 's news division , was announced as the choice to replace David Rhodes on January 6 , 2019 . The announcement came during news that Rhodes will step down as president of CBS News amid falling ratings and the fallout from revelations from an investigation into sexual misconduct allegations against CBS News figures , Rhodes and the CBS network said ."}]}, {'value': 'Calvin Hughes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calvin_Hughes', 'summary': 'Calvin Hughes is a news anchor on WPLG Local 10 , in Miami , Florida , United States . In mid-2010 Hughes moved form the morning and noontime anchor position to a nighttime co-anchor slot . Hughes came to Local 10 in late 2006 from KYW-TV , the CBS station in Philadelphia , where he had been since November 2003 and anchored the weekend newscasts and served as a weekday night side reporter , covering several national stories , including the Live 8 Concert and Amish schoolhouse shootings . Hughes previously worked in Atlanta ( WGCL-TV from 1999 to October 2002 , where he worked with Jane Robelot ) , Dallas ( KXAS-TV , 1995-99 ) , Lexington , Kentucky ( WKYT-TV ) , and Evansville , Indiana ( WTVW ) , as an anchor and reporter . At 19 , Hughes began reporting for the local radio station KBIA in Columbia , Missouri , while still a student at the University of Missouri , where he received a degree in journalism . He is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity . [ citation needed ] Hughes was born in Cleveland and also spent several years in East St. Louis , Illinois . In 2002 , he was selected to run the relay leg of the Olympic torch as it passed through the streets of St. Louis , Missouri , headed for the winter games in Salt Lake City , Utah . Hughes resides in Miramar , Florida , with his wife , sons and daughter .'}]}, {'value': 'Delta Omega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Missouri', 'summary': "The University of Missouri ( Mizzou , MU , or Missouri ) is a public research university in Columbia , Missouri . It is Missouri 's largest university and the flagship of the four campus University of Missouri System . Founded in 1839 , it was the first public university west of the Mississippi River . It is a member of the Association of American Universities as well as a land-grant and space-grant institution . Enrolling 30,046 students in 2019 , it offers over 300 degree programs in thirteen major academic divisions . Its well-known Missouri School of Journalism was founded by Walter Williams in 1908 as the world 's first journalism school ; It publishes a daily newspaper , the Columbia Missourian , and operates an NBC affiliate KOMU . The University of Missouri Research Reactor Center is the world 's most powerful university research reactor and is the United States sole source of isotopes used in nuclear medicine . The university operates University of Missouri Health Care , running a number of hospitals and clinics in Mid-Missouri . Its NCAA Division I athletic teams are known as the Missouri Tigers , and compete in the Southeastern Conference . The American tradition of homecoming is claimed to have originated at Missouri . The campus is home to the State Historical Society of Missouri , and the Museum of Art and Archaeology . Its historic center , Francis Quadrangle , is a National Historic District ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami , FL newscaster', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruce Johnson ( journalist )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Johnson_(journalist)', 'summary': 'Bruce Johnson , also known as C. Bruce Johnson , is an American TV news anchorman and reporter for WUSA 9 ( CBS ) TV in Washington , D.C . Politics and Urban Affairs , Investigative and hard-hitting feature stories are his expertise . His personal story includes never knowing his natural father , studying to become a priest , and being the first in his family to graduate college . His mother later earned her degree at age 52 . Bruce Johnson is the author of two books , Heart to Heart , and All or Nothing , The Victor Page Story . Johnson has been awarded 22 Emmys by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( NATAS ) . In 2018 Bruce Johnson was honored by NATAS with its Board of Governors Award . He also won the Ted Yates Award in 1984 , given only with the unanimous consent of the NATAS Board of Directors . In 2003 , the Society of Professional Journalists inducted Bruce Johnson into the Hall of Fame . He is also a member of the Washington , D.C. Hall of Fame . Johnson has been recognized by the D.C. City Council , D.C . Mayors , and hundreds of civic and community groups and charities for his service work .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Omicron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Kentucky_University', 'summary': "Northern Kentucky University is a public university in Highland Heights , Kentucky . It is primarily an undergraduate institution , having for example a liberal arts program , but also features graduate programs . Total enrollment exceeds 14,000 students , with over 12,000 undergraduate students and nearly 2,000 graduate students . Northern Kentucky University is the third largest university , behind the University of Cincinnati and Miami University , of Greater Cincinnati 's four large universities and the youngest of Kentucky 's eight , although it joined the state system before the University of Louisville . Notable among the university 's programs are the Salmon P. Chase College of Law and the College of Informatics , founded in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'American journalist ; American TV news anchorman and reporter for WUSA 9 ( CBS ) TV in Washington , D.C . Politics and Urban Affairs , Investigative , and hard-hitting feature stories are his expertise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Augustus Gus Johnson Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gus_Johnson_(sportscaster)', 'summary': 'Augustus Cornelius Johnson Jr. ( born August 10 , 1967 ) is an American sportscaster . He currently calls play-by-play for Fox Sports , most notably as their lead announcer for college football , Big East and Big Ten basketball . He previously worked for CBS Sports prior to coming to Fox . Johnson is well-known for his enthusiastic playcalling .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver Spring ( MD ) Alumni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silver_Spring,_MD', 'summary': "Silver Spring is an unincorporated area , census-designated place , and edge city inside the Capital Beltway , near Washington , D.C. , in Montgomery County , Maryland , United States . As of 2018 , [ update ] it had a population of 81,816 residents , according to the official estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau 's American Community Survey , making it the fourth most populous place in Maryland , after Baltimore , Columbia , and Germantown , and the second most populous in Montgomery County after Germantown . The urbanized , oldest , and southernmost part of Silver Spring is a major business hub that lies at the north apex of Washington , D.C. As of 2004 , [ update ] this 360-acre ( 145.7 ha ) central business district ( CBD ) held 7,254,729 square feet ( 673,986 m2 ) of office space , 5216 dwelling units , and 17.6 acres ( 7.1 ha ) of parkland . The population density of Silver Spring 's CBD was 15,600 people per square mile . The community has undergone a significant renaissance , with the addition of major retail , residential , and office developments . Silver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840 , by Francis Preston Blair , who subsequently bought much of the surrounding land . Acorn Park , tucked away in an area of south Silver Spring away from the main downtown area , is believed to be the site of the original spring ."}]}, {'value': 'Fox Sports commentator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Sports', 'summary': "Fox Sports is the brand name for a number of sports channels , broadcast divisions , programming , and other media around the world that are either controlled or partially owned by the family of Rupert Murdoch . These assets are held mainly by Fox Corporation , with the exceptions of the operations in Australia , which are part of News Corp Australia and rest of the international Fox Sports channels which are owned by The Walt Disney Company . In addition , its regional sports networks along with Fox College Sports are owned by Diamond Sports Group , which is a joint venture between Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios ; they were managed by Disney until the sale to Sinclair and Entertainment Studios occurred on August 23 , 2019 . The name originates from the Fox Broadcasting Company in the United States , which in turn was derived from the name of the Fox Film Corporation ( later 20th Century Fox ) . The Fox Sports name has since been used in Fox Corp 's , News Corp 's and Disney 's other sports media assets around the world . On December 14 , 2017 , Disney announced the plan to acquire 21st Century Fox ( Fox Sports ' parent ) for $ 52.4 billion ; this included key assets such as 20th Century Fox , FX Networks , National Geographic Partners , its regional sports networks , and its international sports networks . The Fox television network , Fox News Channel , and the non-regional Fox Sports assets ( FS1 and FS2 cable channels , and the part of Fox Sports attached to the Fox television network ) were spun off into an independent company run by the Murdoch family , eventually named Fox Corporation ."}]}, {'value': 'Louis Lautier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Lautier', 'summary': "Louis R. Lautier ( 1897-1962 ) was the first African-American journalist admitted in 1955 to the White House Correspondents ' Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington ( DC ) Alumni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington,_DC', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}]}, {'value': "First African-American journalist admitted to the White House Correspondents ' Association", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Miles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Miles_(entertainer)', 'summary': 'Thomas Nephew Tommy Miles is an American comedian , actor and producer . He is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity . He currently co-hosts The Steve Harvey Morning Show during which he frequently makes prank phone calls . He is the nephew of comedian Steve Harvey , which is where his stage name comes from .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Upsilon ( Charter Member : Nu Alpha )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Southern_University', 'summary': "Texas Southern University ( Texas Southern or TSU ) is a public historically black university ( HBCU ) in Houston , Texas . The university is one of the largest and most comprehensive HBCUs in the nation with over 10,000 students enrolled and over 100 academic programs . TSU is a leading producer of college degrees to African Americans and Hispanics in Texas and ranks fourth in the United States in doctoral and professional degrees conferred to African Americans . The university is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . Texas Southern University is a special purpose , urban institution nestled in the heart of Houston 's historic Third Ward . Dr. Waldivia Ardlaw of Cite : The Architecture + Design Review of Houston wrote that the university serves as the cultural and community center of the Third Ward area where it is located , in addition to being its university . Also , the university serves as a notable economic resource for Greater Houston , contributing over $ 500 million to the region 's gross sales and being directly and indirectly responsible for over 3,000 jobs . Texas Southern University intercollegiate sports teams , collectively known as the Tigers , compete in NCAA Division I and the Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) . The university recruits nationwide for its Ocean of Soul marching band ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor , writer , comedian , radio personality , better known as Nephew Tommy on the number-one rated syndicated radio show The Steve Harvey Morning Show', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demarco Morgan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demarco_Morgan', 'summary': "DeMarco Morgan is an American broadcast journalist . Since May 6 , 2019 , Morgan has been an anchor at CBS 's West Coast flagship station , KCBS , for their weekday morning newscasts , CBS2 News This Morning ."}]}, {'value': 'Delta Delta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackson_State_University', 'summary': "Jackson State University ( Jackson State or JSU ) is a public , historically black university in Jackson , Mississippi . The university is one of the largest HBCUs in the United States and the fourth largest university in Mississippi . The university is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . It is classified as a research university with high research activity . Jackson State University 's athletic teams , the Tigers , participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) . The university is also the home of the Sonic Boom of the South , a marching band founded in the 1940s . Their accompanying danceline , the Prancing J-Settes , are well known for their unique style of dance , known as J-Setting ."}]}, {'value': "CBS News anchor ; former News reporter and anchor for Atlanta 's NBC affiliate , WXIA", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WXIA-TV', 'summary': "WXIA-TV , virtual channel 11 ( VHF digital channel 10 ) , is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Atlanta , Georgia , United States . The station is owned by Tegna Inc. , as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate WATL , channel 36 ( which rebroadcasts WXIA-TV 's signal on UHF channel 25.6 using virtual channel 11.11 via PSIP ) . The two stations share studios at One Monroe Place on the north end of midtown Atlanta ; WXIA-TV 's transmitter is located in the city 's east section , near Kirkwood . On cable , the station is available on channel 6 on both Comcast Xfinity and Charter Spectrum . WXIA-TV is popularly known within the Atlanta metropolitan area by its longtime on-air brand , 11 Alive , which the station has used since 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tavis Smiley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tavis_Smiley', 'summary': "Tavis Smiley ( /ˈtævɪs/ ; born September 13 , 1964 ) is an American talk show host and author . Smiley was born in Gulfport , Mississippi , and grew up in Bunker Hill , Indiana . After attending Indiana University , he worked during the late 1980s as an aide to Tom Bradley , the mayor of Los Angeles . Smiley became a radio commentator in 1991 and , starting in 1996 , he hosted the talk show BET Talk ( later renamed BET Tonight ) on Black Entertainment Television ( BET ) . After Smiley sold an exclusive interview of Sara Jane Olson to ABC News in 2001 , BET declined to renew his contract that year . Smiley then began hosting The Tavis Smiley Show on National Public Radio ( NPR ) ( 2002-04 ) and used to host Tavis Smiley on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) on weekdays and The Tavis Smiley Show on Public Radio International ( PRI ) . From 2010 to 2013 , Smiley and Cornel West worked together to host their own radio talk show , Smiley & West . They were featured together interviewing musician Bill Withers in the 2009 documentary film Still Bill . He was the new host of Tavis Talks on BlogTalkRadio 's Tavis Smiley Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)', 'summary': "Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , IU , or simply Indiana ) is a public research university in Bloomington , Indiana . It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and , with over 40,000 students , its largest university . Indiana University is a Public Ivy university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities . It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs , including the Jacobs School of Music , the Luddy School of Informatics , Computing , and Engineering , the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs , the Kelley School of Business , the School of Public Health , the School of Nursing , the School of Optometry , the Maurer School of Law , the School of Education , the Media School , and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies . As of Fall 2017 , 43,710 students attend Indiana University . While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana , students from all 50 states , Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled . As of 2018 [ update ] , the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276 . The university is home to an extensive student life program , with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system . Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference ; since it does not have a mascot , all teams are known simply as Hoosiers . Indiana 's faculty , staff , and alumni include nine Nobel laureates , 17 Rhodes Scholars , 17 Marshall Scholars , and five MacArthur Fellows . In addition , students and alumni have won six Academy Awards , 49 Grammy Awards , 32 Emmy Awards , 20 Pulitzer Prizes , four Tony Awards , and 104 Olympic medals ( 55 gold , 17 silver , and 32 bronze ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Talk show host ; political commentator ; author', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jim Vance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Vance', 'summary': 'James Howard Jim Vance III ( January 10 , 1942 - July 22 , 2017 ) was an American television news presenter in Washington , D.C .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Omega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheyney_University', 'summary': "Cheyney University of Pennsylvania is a public historically black university in Cheyney , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1837 , it was the first historically black institute . It is a member of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education and the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . The university offers bachelor 's degrees . The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education ."}]}, {'value': 'News anchor for the NBC affiliate WRC-TV in Washington , D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/News_presenter', 'summary': 'A news presenter - also known as a newsreader , newscaster ( short for news broadcaster ) , anchorman or anchorwoman , news anchor or simply an anchor - is a person who presents news during a news program on the television , on the radio or on the Internet . They may also be a working journalist , assisting in the collection of news material and may , in addition , provide commentary during the program . News presenters most often work from a television studio or radio studio , but may also present the news from remote locations in the field related to a particular major news event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WRC-TV', 'summary': "WRC-TV , virtual channel 4 ( UHF digital channel 34 ) , is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to the American capital city of Washington , District of Columbia . Owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal ( itself a subsidiary of Comcast ) , it is sister to Class A Telemundo owned-and-operated station WZDC-CD ( channel 44 ) and regional sports network NBC Sports Washington . WRC-TV and WZDC-CD share studios and transmitter facilities on Nebraska Avenue in the Tenleytown neighborhood of northwest Washington . WRC-TV houses and originates NBC News ' Washington bureau , out of which the network 's ( and television 's ) long-running political events program , Meet the Press , is based . On cable , the station is available on Comcast Xfinity channel 24 in Washington , D.C. ( C-SPAN is carried on cable channel 4 ) and channel 4 in the Maryland and Virginia suburbs , and on Cox Communications , RCN and Verizon FiOS channel 4 ."}]}, {'value': 'Solomon Wilcots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Solomon_Wilcots', 'summary': 'Solomon Wilcots ( born October 9 , 1964 ) is a former American football free safety in the NFL , a current national television analyst and broadcaster as well as a head coach in Your Call Football . Wilcots played six seasons in the league for the Cincinnati Bengals , Minnesota Vikings and Pittsburgh Steelers .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Theta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder', 'summary': "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ."}]}, {'value': 'NFL commentator and analyst for NFL Network and CBS ; former NFL defensive back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NFL_Network', 'summary': "NFL Network ( occasionally abbreviated on-air as NFLN ) is an American sports-oriented pay television network that is owned by the National Football League ( NFL ) and is part of NFL Media , which also includes NFL.com , NFL Films , NFL Mobile , NFL Now and NFL RedZone . Dedicated to American football , the network features game telecasts from the NFL , as well as NFL-related content including analysis programs , specials and documentaries . The network is headquartered in the Los Angeles suburb of Culver City , California , and broadcasts its worldwide feed from Encompass Digital Media ( formally Crawford Communications ) in Atlanta , Georgia . The NFL Media Campus , as well as the Network 's headquarters , is scheduled to relocate to Inglewood , California by summer of 2021 , where a new office building and studio will be located next to SoFi Stadium . As of February 2015 , NFL Network is available to approximately 71,867,000 pay television households in the United States ( totaling 61.7% of U.S. households with at least one television set ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/CBS', 'summary': "CBS ( an initialism of the network 's former name , the Columbia Broadcasting System ) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS . The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City ( at the CBS Broadcast Center ) and Los Angeles ( at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center ) . CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network , in reference to the company 's trademark symbol , in use since 1951 . It has also been called the Tiffany Network , alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley . It can also refer to some of CBS 's first demonstrations of color television , which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950 . The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. , a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System . Under Paley 's guidance , CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States , and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks . In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS , Inc . The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995 , renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting , Inc. in 1997 , and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation . In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom , which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971 . In late 2005 , Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television , radio , and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets , with the CBS television network at its core . CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements , which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4 , 2019 , when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Wiley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Wiley', 'summary': "Ralph Wiley ( April 12 , 1952 - June 13 , 2004 ) was an American sports journalist who wrote for Sports Illustrated and ESPN 's Page 2 . He was well known for his distinctive literary tone and his writings on race in America ."}]}, {'value': 'Beta Phi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knoxville_College', 'summary': 'Knoxville College is a historically black liberal arts college in Knoxville , Tennessee , United States , which was founded in 1875 by the United Presbyterian Church of North America . It is a United Negro College Fund member school . A slow period of decline began in the 1970s , and by 2015 , the school had an enrollment of just 11 students . In May 2015 , the College suspended classes until Fall 2016 term in hopes of reorganizing . On May 17 , 2018 , the Tennessee Higher Education Commission gave its approval for Knoxville College to once again reopen its doors and offer classes . On 1 July 2018 Knoxville College website announced resumption of enrolling students , for fall 2018 semester .'}]}, {'value': 'Sports writer and author', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Wilkerson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Wilkerson', 'summary': 'Bill Wilkerson ( 1945 - November 2 , 2017 ) was an American radio personality and sports announcer who enjoyed a long career on St. Louis stations KMOX ( 1969-1996 ) and KTRS ( 1996-2006 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Upsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University', 'summary': 'Southern Illinois University is a system of public universities in the southern region of the U.S. state of Illinois . Its headquarters is in Carbondale , Illinois .'}]}, {'value': 'Late St. Louis sportscaster and morning radio host mainly with KMOX ; Play-by-play voice for NFL St. Louis Cardinals and University of Missouri Tigers football in the 1970s and 1980s ;', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Kappa_Alpha_Psi_brothers_2', 'intro': 'The following is a list of notable members of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (commonly referred to as Kappas or Nupes). These members are recognized as leaders in the arts, athletics, business, civil rights, education, government, and science. Kappa Alpha Psi was founded on the campus of Indiana University in 1911. The fraternity has more than 105,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in the United Kingdom, Germany, Korea, Japan, the Caribbean, Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and South Africa.'}
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What is the original chapter of the brother who was an American lawyer , newspaper publisher and editor ?
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Chicago ( IL ) Alumni
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_playoff_series', 'title': 'List of NHL playoff series', 'header': ['Opponent', 'S', 'Occurrences', 'GP', 'Rec', '%'], 'data': [{'value': 'Washington Capitals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Capitals', 'summary': "The Washington Capitals ( colloquially known as the Caps ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington , D.C . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , headed by Ted Leonsis . From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre , in Landover , Maryland ( a suburb in the Washington metropolitan area ) . In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena , their present home arena in Washington , D.C . The Capitals were founded in 1974 as an expansion franchise , alongside the Kansas City Scouts . Since purchasing the team in 1999 , Leonsis revitalized the franchise by drafting star players such as Alexander Ovechkin , Nicklas Backstrom , Mike Green and Braden Holtby . The 2009-10 Capitals won the franchise 's first Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . They won it a second time in 2015-16 , and did so for a third time the following season in 2016-17 . In addition to twelve division titles and three Presidents ' Trophies , the Capitals have reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1998 and 2018 , winning in the latter . The Capitals have retired the use of four numbers in honor of four players . In addition , the team holds an association with a number of individuals inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 , 1992 , 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 2000 , 2001 , 2009 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1994_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began after the conclusion of the 1993-94 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships ; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals . For the first time since joining the NHL , all four former WHA teams ( Edmonton , Hartford , Quebec , and Winnipeg ) failed to make the playoffs . Wayne Gretzky also missed the playoffs for the first time in his career . Conversely , the San Jose Sharks became the first post-1990 expansion team to make the playoffs . All series played between Central and Pacific Division teams had a 2-3-2 format to reduce travel . This remains the last time that two Canadian teams made it to the conference finals in the same year , let alone faced each other in that particular round .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1995_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24 , 1995 . The 1994-95 NHL regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . In the Final , the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship . This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career . His team , the Montreal Canadiens , missed the playoffs for the first time since 1970 . The Canadiens and the Ottawa Senators missed the playoffs this year . Montreal and Ottawa would not miss the playoffs in the same year again until 2016 , when all Canadian teams missed the playoffs . The Quebec Nordiques played their last ever playoff series during this time . They would move to Denver , Colorado during the summer . For the first time since 1980 , no league semifinal/conference final games were played in Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1996_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1996 . The 16 teams that qualified ( 8 from each conference ) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round . The New Jersey Devils , who had won the Stanley Cup the year before , failed to qualify for these playoffs . This was the first time that both Florida teams - the Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning - made it to the playoffs . The playoffs ended on June 10 with the Colorado Avalanche sweeping the Florida Panthers in both teams ' first-ever Finals appearance . It was Colorado 's first-ever Stanley Cup championship in their inaugural season after relocating from Quebec City prior to the start of the regular season ; in the previous years , they were known as the Quebec Nordiques . Joe Sakic was named playoff MVP and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . For the second time in three years and the last time until 2013 , all of the Original Six teams reached the playoffs . This is also the last time all three California-based teams missed the playoffs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 12 , 2000 , and concluded on June 10 . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals , Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals , with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history . Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs . The Calgary Flames and the Vancouver Canucks both missed the playoffs this year . This would not happen again until 2014 , when all four Western Canadian teams missed the playoffs . For the first time in history , only two Original Six teams made it to the playoffs ( Toronto and Detroit ) . This would only happen again in 2001 ( Toronto and Detroit ) , 2007 ( New York Rangers and Detroit ) , 2018 ( Boston and Toronto ) , and 2019 ( Boston and Toronto ) . Also for the first time , the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens missed the playoffs in the same season . In addition , both conference finals went to the maximum seven games . This did not happen again until 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 11 , 2001 , and ended on June 9 , 2001 , when the Western Conference champion Colorado Avalanche defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils to win its second Stanley Cup . Defenceman Ray Bourque , who had a 21-year tenure in Boston , won his first Stanley Cup in his final professional year . Joe Sakic , Swedish center Peter Forsberg , defenceman Rob Blake , and goalkeeper Patrick Roy claimed the Stanley Cup for the final time in their careers . Roy was also awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy , his third , the most by any player . No hat tricks were scored in the 2001 playoffs , and goaltenders combined for a record 19 shutouts . This was the first of ten consecutive seasons the Florida Panthers missed the playoffs , the longest playoff drought in NHL history .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15 , 2009 , after the 2008-09 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference ( the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining ) , play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals , and championships , and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history . Previously they had been the only franchise to have not made the playoffs . Also , home teams set a record by going 13-2 in the openers of all the series combined . There were no playoff games played in the Province of Ontario as this was the first time that the modern Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Maple Leafs both missed the playoffs in the same year . This was the most recent time that the Carolina Hurricanes were in the playoffs until 2019 . The Finals ended on June 12 , 2009 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Detroit Red Wings four games to three to win the championship . They became just the second team , after the 1971 Montreal Canadiens , to win the championship after losing the first two games of the series on the road .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs was the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The playoffs began on April 11 , 2018 , after the 2017-18 regular season ended , and concluded on June 7 , 2018 , with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in franchise history defeating the Vegas Golden Knights four games to one in the Stanley Cup Finals . The Nashville Predators made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Pittsburgh Penguins increased their post-season appearance streak to twelve seasons , the current longest streak . The Vegas Golden Knights became the first team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season in the league since the 1979-80 Hartford Whalers and the Edmonton Oilers . They also became the first expansion team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season since the 1967 NHL expansion . From there , they eventually became the first team since the 1967-68 St. Louis Blues to win their respective conference , and reach the Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season . The only difference is that the 1967-68 season through to the 1969-70 season ensured that an expansion team would be able to reach the Stanley Cup Finals . For the fourth time in league history ( 2000 , 2001 , 2007 ) , only two Original Six teams , the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs , clinched a berth for the playoffs . For the first time since 1966 , no playoff games were played in the state of New York . For the fifth time in eight years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.818', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Rangers', 'summary': 'The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1992 , 1996 , 2008 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1988-89 NHL season . This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days . The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4-2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two . It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams . Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points , only two behind the league leader Calgary . They had last faced each other in 1986 , with Montreal winning in five games . Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum ( the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928 ) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens . Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP , while Lanny McDonald , who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals , got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game . Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup . Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round . Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3 games to 1 . In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1996_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1996 . The 16 teams that qualified ( 8 from each conference ) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round . The New Jersey Devils , who had won the Stanley Cup the year before , failed to qualify for these playoffs . This was the first time that both Florida teams - the Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning - made it to the playoffs . The playoffs ended on June 10 with the Colorado Avalanche sweeping the Florida Panthers in both teams ' first-ever Finals appearance . It was Colorado 's first-ever Stanley Cup championship in their inaugural season after relocating from Quebec City prior to the start of the regular season ; in the previous years , they were known as the Quebec Nordiques . Joe Sakic was named playoff MVP and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . For the second time in three years and the last time until 2013 , all of the Original Six teams reached the playoffs . This is also the last time all three California-based teams missed the playoffs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 15 , 2015 , and ended on June 15 , 2015 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Tampa Bay Lightning four games to two in the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals . The New York Rangers made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . They also came back from a 3-1 series deficit for the second consecutive year . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive post-season appearance streak to 24 seasons , the longest current streak at the time and tied for the fourth-longest streak in NHL history . The Winnipeg Jets qualified for the playoffs for the first time since the former Atlanta Thrashers franchise relocated to Winnipeg in 2011 ; the only time that the Thrashers/Jets franchise made the post-season was in 2007 , and the last time that the city of Winnipeg hosted a playoff game was in 1996 , the season before the previous Winnipeg Jets team relocated to Phoenix , Arizona , to become the Coyotes . The Ottawa Senators became the first team in the NHL 's modern era ( since 1943-44 ) to overcome a 14-point deficit in the standings to clinch a playoff spot . Also , the Calgary Flames returned to the playoffs after a six-year absence . In total , five Canadian NHL teams qualified for the post-season , the most since 2004 . The Los Angeles Kings became the first defending Stanley Cup champions since the Carolina Hurricanes in 2007 to fail to make the playoffs . The Boston Bruins failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2007 and became the first reigning Presidents ' Trophy winners to miss the post-season since the Buffalo Sabres in 2008 ( and the third overall ) . In addition , the San Jose Sharks failed to make the post-season for the first time since 2003 , ending the NHL 's second-longest active playoff streak ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.714', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Flyers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1997 , 2000 , 2008 , 2009 , 2012 , 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1988-89 NHL season . This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days . The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4-2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two . It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams . Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points , only two behind the league leader Calgary . They had last faced each other in 1986 , with Montreal winning in five games . Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum ( the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928 ) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens . Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP , while Lanny McDonald , who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals , got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game . Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup . Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round . Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3 games to 1 . In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1997_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1997 , following the completion of the 1996-97 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Playoffs ended on June 7 , with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history , and their first in 42 years . Red Wings goaltender Mike Vernon was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff 's Most Valuable Player . It was also the first time since 1967 that the Boston Bruins failed to qualify for the playoffs , ending their 29-year consecutive playoffs appearances record ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 12 , 2000 , and concluded on June 10 . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals , Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals , with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history . Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs . The Calgary Flames and the Vancouver Canucks both missed the playoffs this year . This would not happen again until 2014 , when all four Western Canadian teams missed the playoffs . For the first time in history , only two Original Six teams made it to the playoffs ( Toronto and Detroit ) . This would only happen again in 2001 ( Toronto and Detroit ) , 2007 ( New York Rangers and Detroit ) , 2018 ( Boston and Toronto ) , and 2019 ( Boston and Toronto ) . Also for the first time , the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens missed the playoffs in the same season . In addition , both conference finals went to the maximum seven games . This did not happen again until 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15 , 2009 , after the 2008-09 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference ( the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining ) , play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals , and championships , and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history . Previously they had been the only franchise to have not made the playoffs . Also , home teams set a record by going 13-2 in the openers of all the series combined . There were no playoff games played in the Province of Ontario as this was the first time that the modern Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Maple Leafs both missed the playoffs in the same year . This was the most recent time that the Carolina Hurricanes were in the playoffs until 2019 . The Finals ended on June 12 , 2009 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Detroit Red Wings four games to three to win the championship . They became just the second team , after the 1971 Montreal Canadiens , to win the championship after losing the first two games of the series on the road .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs was the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The playoffs began on April 11 , 2018 , after the 2017-18 regular season ended , and concluded on June 7 , 2018 , with the Washington Capitals winning their first Stanley Cup in franchise history defeating the Vegas Golden Knights four games to one in the Stanley Cup Finals . The Nashville Predators made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Pittsburgh Penguins increased their post-season appearance streak to twelve seasons , the current longest streak . The Vegas Golden Knights became the first team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season in the league since the 1979-80 Hartford Whalers and the Edmonton Oilers . They also became the first expansion team to make the playoffs in their inaugural season since the 1967 NHL expansion . From there , they eventually became the first team since the 1967-68 St. Louis Blues to win their respective conference , and reach the Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season . The only difference is that the 1967-68 season through to the 1969-70 season ensured that an expansion team would be able to reach the Stanley Cup Finals . For the fourth time in league history ( 2000 , 2001 , 2007 ) , only two Original Six teams , the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs , clinched a berth for the playoffs . For the first time since 1966 , no playoff games were played in the state of New York . For the fifth time in eight years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': '41', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.429', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottawa Senators', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2013 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11 , 2007 . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The series ended on June 6 with the Anaheim Ducks defeating the Ottawa Senators in five games to win their first ever championship . For the first time in NHL history , neither of the two teams that played in the previous year 's Stanley Cup Finals ( the Carolina Hurricanes and the Edmonton Oilers ) qualified for the playoffs . For the first time since 1994 , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year , this would not happen again until 2013 . Also for the first time since 1994 , the Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs . This was the only time that the Atlanta Thrashers qualified for the playoffs in their twelve years in Georgia ( they became the new Winnipeg Jets in 2011 ) . Only two Original Six teams made the playoffs this year , the New York Rangers and the Detroit Red Wings ( this included the Montreal Canadiens ' and the Toronto Maple Leafs ' first absence from the tournament together since 1970 ) . This only happened twice before in 2000 and 2001 , and would not happen again until 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 14 , 2010 , after the 2009-10 NHL regular season . The Finals ended on June 9 , 2010 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win their fourth championship and their first since 1961 . Blackhawks center and team captain Jonathan Toews was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' most valuable player . This NHL post-season was noted for the unexpected playoff successes of two teams : the Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens , who were the seventh and eighth seeds in their conference and were tied for points . The Flyers became the third NHL team to win a seven-game series after being down 3-0 ( the others being the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders ) . The Flyers went on to play in the Stanley Cup Final , losing to Chicago . Meanwhile , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team in NHL history to win a series against the first-seeded team after being down 3-1 in a series , when they beat the Washington Capitals in the first round . After upsetting the defending Cup champions Pittsburgh Penguins in the second round , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team to compete in the Eastern Conference Finals since the current playoff format was implemented in 1994 . Previously , only the eighth-seeded 2006 Edmonton Oilers had accomplished a similar feat , winning the 2006 Western Conference Finals . As a result of the Canadiens having the eighth seed , the Flyers became the first seventh-seed to have home-ice advantage in the conference finals since the current playoff format was instituted . During the 2010 playoffs , 18 games went to overtime ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils', 'summary': "The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark , New Jersey . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City , Missouri , in 1974 . The Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies . In 1982 , they moved to East Rutherford , New Jersey and took their current name . For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey , the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena ( later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena ) . Before the 2007-08 season , the Devils moved to Prudential Center in Newark . The franchise was poor to mediocre in the eight years before moving to New Jersey , a pattern that continued during the first five years in New Jersey as they failed to make the Stanley Cup playoffs and never finished higher than fifth in their division . Their fortunes began to turn around following the hiring of president and general manager Lou Lamoriello in 1987 . Under Lamoriello 's stewardship , the Devils made the playoffs all but three times between 1988 and 2012 , including 13 berths in a row from 1997 to 2010 , and finished with a winning record every season from 1992-93 to 2009-10 . They have won the Atlantic Division regular season title nine times , most recently in 2009-10 , before transferring to the newly created Metropolitan Division as part of the NHL 's realignment in 2013 . The Devils have reached the Stanley Cup Finals five times , winning in 1994-95 , 1999-2000 and 2002-03 , and losing in 2000-01 and 2011-12 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 , 1993 , 1995 , 1999 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1995_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24 , 1995 . The 1994-95 NHL regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . In the Final , the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship . This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career . His team , the Montreal Canadiens , missed the playoffs for the first time since 1970 . The Canadiens and the Ottawa Senators missed the playoffs this year . Montreal and Ottawa would not miss the playoffs in the same year again until 2016 , when all Canadian teams missed the playoffs . The Quebec Nordiques played their last ever playoff series during this time . They would move to Denver , Colorado during the summer . For the first time since 1980 , no league semifinal/conference final games were played in Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1999_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 21 , 1999 , following the 1998-99 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . As of 2019 , this was the last time all four WHA teams made the playoffs . Despite his team being eliminated before the Stanley Cup Finals , Colorado Avalanche forward Peter Forsberg 's postseason scoring totals , with 24 points in 19 games , were not surpassed for the rest of the 1999 playoffs . This made him the first player to lead all playoff scorers despite not making the finals since the 1986 playoffs where Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko each tallied 21 points in 19 postseason games for St. Louis who was also eliminated in the conference finals . The playoffs ended on June 19 , 1999 , with the Dallas Stars defeating the Buffalo Sabres to win their first Stanley Cup championship in their history . Brett Hull scored the controversial triple overtime goal in game six for Dallas , while Joe Nieuwendyk was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the MVP of the playoffs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 11 , 2001 , and ended on June 9 , 2001 , when the Western Conference champion Colorado Avalanche defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils to win its second Stanley Cup . Defenceman Ray Bourque , who had a 21-year tenure in Boston , won his first Stanley Cup in his final professional year . Joe Sakic , Swedish center Peter Forsberg , defenceman Rob Blake , and goalkeeper Patrick Roy claimed the Stanley Cup for the final time in their careers . Roy was also awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy , his third , the most by any player . No hat tricks were scored in the 2001 playoffs , and goaltenders combined for a record 19 shutouts . This was the first of ten consecutive seasons the Florida Panthers missed the playoffs , the longest playoff drought in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 , 1980 , 1991 , 1992 , 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1980_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1979-80 NHL season . This season saw the addition of four teams from the disbanded World Hockey Association ( WHA ) as expansion franchises , and thus the playoffs were also expanded from 12 to 16 teams . Two for those former WHA clubs , the Edmonton Oilers and the Hartford Whalers , made the playoffs in their first season in the NHL . The playoffs concluded on May 24 when the New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 5-4 to win the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup . It was the Islanders ' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Islanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Islanders', 'summary': "The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team splits its home games between Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale , New York , and Barclays Center in the borough of Brooklyn . The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area , along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers , and their fan base resides primarily on Long Island . The team was founded in 1972 as part of the NHL 's maneuvers to keep a team from rival league World Hockey Association ( WHA ) out of the newly built Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in suburban Uniondale , New York . After two years of building up the team 's roster , they found almost instant success by securing fourteen straight playoff berths starting with their third season . The Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup championships between 1980 and 1983 , the seventh of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL in its history . Their 19 consecutive playoff series wins between 1980 and 1984 is a feat that remains unparalleled in the history of professional sports . They are the last team in any major professional North American sport to win four consecutive championships . Following the team 's dynasty era , the franchise ran into problems with money , ownership and management , an aging arena , and low attendance . Their woes were reflected on the ice , as the team has not won a division title since 1987-88 , and went 22 seasons without winning a playoff series prior to the 2016 playoffs . After years of failed attempts to rebuild or replace Nassau Coliseum in suburban Long Island , the Islanders relocated to Barclays Center following the 2014-15 season ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975 , 1982 , 1993 , 2013 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1974-75 NHL season was the 58th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Washington Capitals and Kansas City Scouts were added , increasing the number of teams to 18 . To accommodate the new teams , the NHL re-organized its divisional structure and playoff format . The regular season was expanded to 80 games per team ( which would be the case until 1992-93 ) . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1982_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 7 , after the conclusion of the 1981-82 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3-1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began after the conclusion of the 1992-93 NHL season on April 18 and ended with the Montreal Canadiens defeating the Los Angeles Kings four games to one to win the Stanley Cup on June 9 . These playoffs featured an NHL record 28 overtime games , of which the Canadiens set a playoff record for most overtime games won in one year with ten . The Canadiens also won 11 consecutive games during the playoffs , tying an NHL record . The Presidents ' Trophy-winning Pittsburgh Penguins , who had won the Stanley Cup the previous two years , were the favourite to repeat . However , both conferences saw numerous upsets as the third place team in every division reached their respective conference finals . This was the first time since the 1979 NHL-WHA merger that the Edmonton Oilers had missed the playoffs . It was also the first time that longtime Oilers and then-New York Rangers captain Mark Messier had missed the playoffs in his career . This was the only year between 1984 and 1994 that the Boston Bruins and Montreal Canadiens did not face each other in the playoffs . This was the last time that the New York Islanders won a playoff round before 2016 . Montreal 's Cup championship remains the last time that a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2019_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs was the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The playoffs began on April 10 , 2019 , after the 2018-19 NHL season , and concluded on June 12 , 2019 , with the St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in franchise history defeating the Boston Bruins four games to three in the Stanley Cup Finals . The Tampa Bay Lightning made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Pittsburgh Penguins increased their post-season appearance streak to thirteen seasons , the current longest streak . The Carolina Hurricanes made the playoffs for the first time since 2009 , ending a nine-year playoff drought . For the second season in a row , the Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs were the only Original Six teams to make the playoffs , marking the fifth time in league history ( 2000 , 2001 , 2007 , 2018 ) that only two Original Six teams clinched a playoff berth . For the first time since 2004 , both Southern California teams , the Anaheim Ducks and Los Angeles Kings , missed the playoffs . For the second time in League history ( 2018 ) , both the Detroit Red Wings and Montreal Canadiens missed the playoffs . For the first time in NHL history , all division winners were eliminated in the first round as all the wild-cards advanced to the second round . The Columbus Blue Jackets won a playoff series for the first time , defeating the first-place Lightning in four games , and marking the first time in Stanley Cup playoff history that the Presidents ' Trophy winners were swept in the opening round , and the first time since 2012 that the Presidents ' Trophy winners were defeated in the opening round . They were soon followed by the Calgary Flames , who with their five-game loss to the Colorado Avalanche , ensured that for the first time in NHL history , neither of the conference number one seeds advanced to the second round ."}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970 , 1975 , 1981', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1970_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1969-70 NHL season was the 53rd season of the National Hockey League . For the third straight season , the St. Louis Blues reached the Stanley Cup finals , and for the third straight year , the winners of the expansion West Division were swept four games to none . This time , however , it was at the hands of the Boston Bruins , as the defending champions Montreal Canadiens narrowly missed the playoffs , something that did not happen again for the next quarter century . With both the Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs missing the 1970 Stanley Cup playoffs , it was the first time in league history that neither of the NHL 's two Canadian teams ( at the time ) qualified for the playoffs ( something that has happened only once since , in 2016 , when all of the league 's then seven Canadian teams missed the playoffs ) . It was also the final season that teams wore their colored jerseys at home until the 2003-04 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1975_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1974-75 NHL season was the 58th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Washington Capitals and Kansas City Scouts were added , increasing the number of teams to 18 . To accommodate the new teams , the NHL re-organized its divisional structure and playoff format . The regular season was expanded to 80 games per team ( which would be the case until 1992-93 ) . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1981_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1980-81 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5-1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto Maple Leafs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs', 'summary': "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1977 , 1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1975-76 NHL season was the 59th season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup , defeating the defending champion Philadelphia Flyers in the final . This season also marked the final time that Hockey Night in Canada on CBC in Canada would air both radio and television broadcasts of games , the show would become exclusive to television the next season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1977_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1976-77 NHL season was the 60th season of the National Hockey League . The Kansas City Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado , and became the Colorado Rockies and the California Golden Seals moved to Cleveland , Ohio , and became the Cleveland Barons . The Montreal Canadiens once again dominated the playoffs as , for the second straight year , they swept their opponent four games to none in the final series for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1999_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 21 , 1999 , following the 1998-99 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . As of 2019 , this was the last time all four WHA teams made the playoffs . Despite his team being eliminated before the Stanley Cup Finals , Colorado Avalanche forward Peter Forsberg 's postseason scoring totals , with 24 points in 19 games , were not surpassed for the rest of the 1999 playoffs . This made him the first player to lead all playoff scorers despite not making the finals since the 1986 playoffs where Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko each tallied 21 points in 19 postseason games for St. Louis who was also eliminated in the conference finals . The playoffs ended on June 19 , 1999 , with the Dallas Stars defeating the Buffalo Sabres to win their first Stanley Cup championship in their history . Brett Hull scored the controversial triple overtime goal in game six for Dallas , while Joe Nieuwendyk was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the MVP of the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo Sabres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres', 'summary': 'The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo , New York . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team was established in 1970 , along with the Vancouver Canucks , when the league expanded to 14 teams . They have played at KeyBank Center since 1996 . Prior to that , the Buffalo Sabres played at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium from the start of the franchise in 1970 . The Sabres are owned by Terry Pegula , who purchased the club in 2011 from Tom Golisano . The Sabres have the longest active playoff drought in the NHL , at 8 seasons . The team has twice advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals , losing to the Philadelphia Flyers in 1975 and to the Dallas Stars in 1999 . The best known line in team history is The French Connection , which consisted of Gilbert Perreault , Rick Martin and Rene Robert . All three players have had their sweater numbers ( 11 , 7 and 14 , respectively ) retired and a statue erected in their honor at KeyBank Center in 2012 . The Sabres , along with the Canucks , share the record for being the longest continuously running active NHL franchise to have never won the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2001_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2001 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 11 , 2001 , and ended on June 9 , 2001 , when the Western Conference champion Colorado Avalanche defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils to win its second Stanley Cup . Defenceman Ray Bourque , who had a 21-year tenure in Boston , won his first Stanley Cup in his final professional year . Joe Sakic , Swedish center Peter Forsberg , defenceman Rob Blake , and goalkeeper Patrick Roy claimed the Stanley Cup for the final time in their careers . Roy was also awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy , his third , the most by any player . No hat tricks were scored in the 2001 playoffs , and goaltenders combined for a record 19 shutouts . This was the first of ten consecutive seasons the Florida Panthers missed the playoffs , the longest playoff drought in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus Blue Jackets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets', 'summary': "The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus , Ohio . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Blue Jackets began play as an expansion team in 2000 . In their initial years , the Blue Jackets struggled , failing to win 30 games in a season until the 2005-06 season . The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009 , but were swept . Columbus ultimately notched their first playoff game victory in the 2014 playoffs and five years later won their first playoff series in the 2019 playoffs against the Tampa Bay Lightning , becoming the first team in NHL history to sweep a Presidents ' Trophy winner in the first round . However , they are still the only team in the league which has never appeared in the conference finals . The Blue Jackets ' name and logos are inspired by Ohio 's Civil War history . The Blue Jackets play their home games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus , which opened in 2000 . They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Blackhawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks', 'summary': "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972 , 1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1971-72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League . Fourteen teams each played 78 games . The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Red Wings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings', 'summary': 'The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars until 1930 . For the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings . As of 2020 [ update ] , the Red Wings have won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) and are third overall in total Stanley Cup championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after playing for 52 years in Olympia Stadium . They moved into the new Little Caesars Arena beginning with the 2017-18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular and successful franchises in the NHL ; fans and sports commentators refer to the Detroit area as Hockeytown , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 . Between the 1931-32 and 1965-66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966-67 and 1982-83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , thereafter , from 1983-84 to 2015-16 , they made the playoffs 30 times in 32 seasons , including 25-straight from 1990-91 to 2015-16 ( not counting the cancelled 2004-05 season ) , in 2006 this became the longest active streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports and finished tied for the third longest streak in NHL history . Since 1983-84 , the Red Wings have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 , and 2008 ) .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 , 2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15 , 2009 , after the 2008-09 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference ( the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining ) , play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals , and championships , and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history . Previously they had been the only franchise to have not made the playoffs . Also , home teams set a record by going 13-2 in the openers of all the series combined . There were no playoff games played in the Province of Ontario as this was the first time that the modern Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Maple Leafs both missed the playoffs in the same year . This was the most recent time that the Carolina Hurricanes were in the playoffs until 2019 . The Finals ended on June 12 , 2009 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Detroit Red Wings four games to three to win the championship . They became just the second team , after the 1971 Montreal Canadiens , to win the championship after losing the first two games of the series on the road .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampa Bay Lightning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning', 'summary': 'The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa , Florida . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club has won one Stanley Cup championship in their history , in 2003-04 . The team is often referred to as the Bolts , and the nickname was used on the former third jerseys . The Lightning plays home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa . The owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik , while Julien BriseBois serves as general manager . The team is currently coached by Jon Cooper , who has led the team since 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2011 , after the conclusion of the 2010-11 NHL regular season . The first game of the Finals was held on June 1 , while the deciding seventh game was held on June 15 . The Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in seven games in the Finals to capture their first Stanley Cup championship since 1972 , their sixth overall Stanley Cup win . Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs . Bruins forward David Krejci led all playoff scorers with 23 points in 25 games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Canadiens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens', 'summary': "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 , 2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 22 , 1998 following the 1997-98 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-7 series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-7 series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs concluded on June 16 with the Detroit Red Wings winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship , defeating the Washington Capitals , who appeared in their very first Finals , in a four-game sweep . Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman was named playoff MVP , and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . The 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings were the last team to defend their Stanley Cup Championship until the Pittsburgh Penguins successfully defended their Stanley Cup title in 2017 . In the Eastern Semis , the Buffalo Sabres made history as they became the first team in NHL history to complete a four-game sweep of the Montreal Canadiens on Montreal ice . For the first time since 1969 the Chicago Blackhawks missed the playoffs . Also , both the Islanders and Rangers missed the playoffs in the same season for the first time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 14 , 2010 , after the 2009-10 NHL regular season . The Finals ended on June 9 , 2010 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win their fourth championship and their first since 1961 . Blackhawks center and team captain Jonathan Toews was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' most valuable player . This NHL post-season was noted for the unexpected playoff successes of two teams : the Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens , who were the seventh and eighth seeds in their conference and were tied for points . The Flyers became the third NHL team to win a seven-game series after being down 3-0 ( the others being the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders ) . The Flyers went on to play in the Stanley Cup Final , losing to Chicago . Meanwhile , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team in NHL history to win a series against the first-seeded team after being down 3-1 in a series , when they beat the Washington Capitals in the first round . After upsetting the defending Cup champions Pittsburgh Penguins in the second round , the Canadiens became the first eighth-seeded team to compete in the Eastern Conference Finals since the current playoff format was implemented in 1994 . Previously , only the eighth-seeded 2006 Edmonton Oilers had accomplished a similar feat , winning the 2006 Western Conference Finals . As a result of the Canadiens having the eighth seed , the Flyers became the first seventh-seed to have home-ice advantage in the conference finals since the current playoff format was instituted . During the 2010 playoffs , 18 games went to overtime ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California Golden Seals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Golden_Seals', 'summary': 'The California Golden Seals were a professional ice hockey club that competed in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1967 to 1976 . Initially named the California Seals , the team was renamed the Oakland Seals partway through the 1967-68 season ( on December 8 , 1967 ) and then to the California Golden Seals in 1970 , after two games as the Bay Area Seals . The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion . Based in Oakland , California , they played their home games at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena . The Seals were never successful at the gate , qualifying for the postseason in only two of their nine seasons and failing to obtain a winning record in each , and eventually moved to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons in 1976 . They are the only franchise from the 1967 expansion to not reach the Stanley Cup Finals .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1970_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1969-70 NHL season was the 53rd season of the National Hockey League . For the third straight season , the St. Louis Blues reached the Stanley Cup finals , and for the third straight year , the winners of the expansion West Division were swept four games to none . This time , however , it was at the hands of the Boston Bruins , as the defending champions Montreal Canadiens narrowly missed the playoffs , something that did not happen again for the next quarter century . With both the Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs missing the 1970 Stanley Cup playoffs , it was the first time in league history that neither of the NHL 's two Canadian teams ( at the time ) qualified for the playoffs ( something that has happened only once since , in 2016 , when all of the league 's then seven Canadian teams missed the playoffs ) . It was also the final season that teams wore their colored jerseys at home until the 2003-04 season ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carolina Hurricanes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carolina_Hurricanes', 'summary': "The Carolina Hurricanes are a professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh , North Carolina . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Hurricanes play their home games at the 18,680-seat PNC Arena ( formerly known as RBC center ) . The franchise was formed in 1971 as the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . The Whalers saw success immediately , winning the Eastern Division in the WHA 's first three seasons , as well as becoming the inaugural Avco World Trophy Champions to cap off the 1972-73 season . The Whalers again competed for the World Trophy in 1978 , this time falling short to the Winnipeg Jets in a rematch of the 1973 Finals . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL-WHA merger , renaming themselves the Hartford Whalers . The team relocated to North Carolina in 1997 , rebranding themselves as the Hurricanes . Carolina advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 2002 , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings , 4-1 . The Hurricanes won the 2006 Stanley Cup over the Edmonton Oilers in seven games , giving the state of North Carolina its first major professional sports championship . On February 15 , 2020 , it was announced that the Hurricanes would host a Stadium Series game at Carter-Finley Stadium on February 20 , 2021 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15 , 2009 , after the 2008-09 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference ( the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining ) , play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals , and championships , and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history . Previously they had been the only franchise to have not made the playoffs . Also , home teams set a record by going 13-2 in the openers of all the series combined . There were no playoff games played in the Province of Ontario as this was the first time that the modern Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Maple Leafs both missed the playoffs in the same year . This was the most recent time that the Carolina Hurricanes were in the playoffs until 2019 . The Finals ended on June 12 , 2009 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Detroit Red Wings four games to three to win the championship . They became just the second team , after the 1971 Montreal Canadiens , to win the championship after losing the first two games of the series on the road .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Stars', 'summary': "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nashville Predators', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nashville_Predators', 'summary': "The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville , Tennessee . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Predators have played their home games at Bridgestone Arena since 1998 . Their television broadcasting rights are held by Fox Sports Tennessee , and radio broadcasting rights are held by WPRT-FM . The club was founded in 1998 when the NHL granted an expansion franchise to Craig Leipold . After five seasons , the Predators qualified for their first Stanley Cup playoffs during the 2003-04 season . In 2008 , ownership of the club was transferred from Leipold to a locally based ownership group . The Predators advanced to their first Stanley Cup Finals in 2017 , but were defeated by the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games . In the following season , the Predators won their first Presidents ' Trophy and Central Division title . The Predators are presently affiliated with the minor league teams Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League and Florida Everblades of the ECHL ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Sharks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks', 'summary': "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises . Beginning play in the 1991-92 season , the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace , before they moved to their present home , now named SAP Center at San Jose , in 1993 . The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank . The Sharks were founded in 1991 and were the first NHL franchise based in the San Francisco Bay Area since the California Golden Seals relocated to Cleveland in 1976 . The Sharks have advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals once , losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2016 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy once , as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2008-09 season . They have also won six division titles as a member of the Pacific Division since 1993 . The club is affiliated with the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Pittsburgh Penguins', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_NHL_playoff_series_22', 'intro': 'This is a complete listing of National Hockey League (NHL) playoff series, grouped by franchise. Series featuring relocated teams[nb 1] are kept with their ultimate relocation franchises. Bolded years indicate wins. Years in italics indicate series in progress. Tables are sorted first by the number of series, then the number of wins, and then alphabetically.'}
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In what year was the team with the most playoff appearances established ?
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1974
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03148cd4b5fd8a0b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Adult_Swim', 'title': 'List of programs broadcast by Adult Swim', 'header': ['Title', 'Originally aired', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mind Game', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mind_Game_(film)', 'summary': "Mind Game ( Japanese : マインド・ゲーム , Hepburn : Maindo Gēmu ) is a 2004 Japanese animated feature film based on Robin Nishi 's manga of the same name . It was planned , produced and primarily animated by Studio 4°C and adapted and directed by Masaaki Yuasa in his directorial debut , with chief animation direction and model sheets by Yūichirō Sueyoshi , art direction by Tōru Hishiyama and groundwork and further animation direction by Masahiko Kubo . It is unusual among features other than anthology films in using a series of disparate visual styles to tell one continuous story . As Yuasa commented in a Japan Times interview , Instead of telling it serious and straight , I went for a look that was a bit wild and patchy . I think that Japanese animation fans today do n't necessarily demand something that 's so polished . You can throw different styles at them and they can still usually enjoy it . The film received a cult audience and was well received , winning multiple awards worldwide , and has been praised by directors Satoshi Kon and Bill Plympton . Allegedly , according to Tekkonkinkreet director Michael Arias , there was consideration for a release of the film on R1 DVD but it fell through . The film is now available to stream on Netflix in Australia as of 2016 . GKIDS announced that they licensed the film , which streamed on VRV Select on December 29 , 2017 followed by a limited theatrical run in February 2018 and a home video release in spring 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': "2004 animated film written and directed by Masaaki Yuasa . Premiered April 1 , 2018 . Presented in its original Japanese language audio with English subtitles on Toonami as part of an April Fools ' event", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaaki_Yuasa', 'summary': 'Masaaki Yuasa ( 湯浅 政明 , Yuasa Masaaki , born March 16 , 1965 ) is a Japanese animator , storyboard artist , screenwriter , anime television and film director known for his wild , freeform style . In June 2014 , he announced that he , along with his close affiliate Eunyoung Choi , had founded an animation studio by the name of Science Saru .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toonami', 'summary': "Toonami ( /tuːˈnɑːmi/ too-NAH-mee ) is a television programming block that primarily consists of Japanese anime and American action animation . It was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street , a division of Warner Bros. Entertainment . The name is a portmanteau of the words cartoon and tsunami . It currently broadcasts every Saturday night from 11:30 p.m. to 4 a.m . ET . Toonami initially ran as an afternoon and evening block on Cartoon Network , primarily aimed at boys aged 9-14 from 1997 to 2008 . In its original run , the block was known for showcasing action anime that became widely popular with American audiences . It was also recognized for its distinctive space-themed backdrop , anime music videos , drum and bass-flavored soundtrack , and host ( a robot named T.O.M. , short for Toonami Operations Module ) . On May 26 , 2012 , Toonami was relaunched as a block on Adult Swim . The current incarnation is a rebrand of Adult Swim 's Saturday night action block ( itself inherited from Toonami 's Midnight Run block ) , which primarily airs mature Japanese animation , though the block has also aired reruns of action shows seen on Cartoon Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Children Who Chase Lost Voices', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Children_Who_Chase_Lost_Voices', 'summary': 'Children Who Chase Lost Voices ( 星を追う子ども , Hoshi wo Ou Kodomo , lit . Children Who Chase Stars ) , known as Journey to Agartha in the UK , is a 2011 Japanese anime film created and directed by Makoto Shinkai , following his previous work 5 Centimeters per Second . This film is his longest animation film to date and is described as a lively animated film with adventure , action , and romance centered on a cheerful and spirited girl on a journey to say farewell . The film was released in Japan on May 7 , 2011 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray in Japan on November 25 , 2011 . The film has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks and was released on DVD and Blu-ray in November 2012 . On May 9 , 2019 it was announced that Sentai had lost the license , and the film has since been out of print .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 animated film directed by Makoto Shinkai . Premiered November 5 , 2016 on Toonami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makoto_Shinkai', 'summary': 'Makoto Shinkai ( 新海 誠 , Shinkai Makoto , born Makoto Niitsu ( 新津 誠 , Niitsu Makoto ) ; February 9 , 1973 ) is a Japanese animator , filmmaker , and manga artist best known for directing Your Name , the highest-grossing anime film of all time at the time of release . He was listed by Variety as one of 10 animators to watch in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dragon Ball Z : Broly - The Legendary Super Saiyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Z:_Broly_–_The_Legendary_Super_Saiyan', 'summary': "Dragon Ball Z : Broly - The Legendary Super Saiyan , known in Japan as Dragon Ball Z : Burn Up ! ! A Close Fight - A Violent Fight - A Super Fierce Fight ( Japanese : ドラゴンボールZ 燃えつきろ ! ! 熱戦・烈戦・超激戦 , Hepburn : Doragon Bōru Zetto Moetsukiro ! ! Nessen Ressen Chō-Gekisen ) or by Toei 's own English title Dragon Ball Z : The Burning Battles , is a 1993 Japanese anime science fiction martial arts film and the eighth Dragon Ball Z feature movie . The original release date in Japan was on March 6 , 1993 at the Toei Anime Fair alongside Dr. Slump and Arale-chan : N-cha ! Clear Skies Over Penguin Village . It was dubbed into English by Funimation in 2003 . The antagonist Broly was designed by series creator Akira Toriyama . This film is the first of four featuring the character , followed by Broly - Second Coming and Bio-Broly in 1994 , and Dragon Ball Super : Broly in 2018 , the first movie to carry the Dragon Ball Super branding ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993 animated film based on the Dragon Ball Z anime series . Premiered December 21 , 2014 on Toonami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Z', 'summary': "Dragon Ball Z , Hepburn : Doragon Bōru Zetto , commonly abbreviated as DBZ ) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation . It is the sequel to Dragon Ball and adapts the latter 325 chapters of the original 519-chapter Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama which ran in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1988 to 1995 . Dragon Ball Z aired in Japan on Fuji TV from April 26 , 1989 to January 31 , 1996 , before getting dubbed in territories including the United States , Canada , Australia , Europe , Asia , and Latin America . It was broadcast in at least 81 countries worldwide . It is part of the Dragon Ball media franchise . Dragon Ball Z continues the adventures of Goku , who , along with his companions , defend the Earth against villains ranging from aliens ( Frieza ) , androids ( Cell ) and other creatures ( Majin Buu ) . While the original Dragon Ball anime followed Goku from childhood to early adulthood , Dragon Ball Z is a continuation of his adult life , but at the same time parallels the life of his son , Gohan , as well as the development of his rival Vegeta . Due to the success of the anime in the United States , the manga chapters making up its story were initially released by Viz Media under the Dragon Ball Z title . Dragon Ball Z 's popularity has spawned numerous releases which have come to represent the majority of content in the Dragon Ball franchise ; including 15 movies , 2 TV specials , and 148 video games ( many of them being only released in Japan ) , and a host of soundtracks stemming from this material . Dragon Ball Z remains a cultural icon through numerous adaptations and re-releases , including a more-recent remastered broadcast titled Dragon Ball Kai . [ a ] There have also been two sequel series ; Dragon Ball GT ( 1996-1997 ) and Dragon Ball Super ( 2015-2018 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Fullmetal Alchemist : The Sacred Star of Milos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist:_The_Sacred_Star_of_Milos', 'summary': "Fullmetal Alchemist : The Sacred Star of Milos ( Japanese : 鋼の錬金術師 嘆きの丘（ミロス）の聖なる星 , Hepburn : Hagane no Renkinjutsushi : Mirosu no Sei-naru Hoshi ) is the second Japanese animated theatrical film based on Hiromu Arakawa 's Fullmetal Alchemist franchise , released in 2011 . The film was first announced after the airing of the final episode of Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood . The Japanese premiere was on July 2 , 2011 . Funimation Entertainment has licensed the film and released it in the United States in 2012 . The film was distributed by Eleven Arts for North America , showing at more than 100 theaters . In the UK , Manga Entertainment screened the film at BFI South Bank on June 8 , 2012 , followed by a home video release on September 3 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 animated film based on the Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood anime series . Premiered December 14 , 2014 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Dragon Ball Z : Cooler 's Revenge", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Z:_Cooler's_Revenge", 'summary': "Dragon Ball Z : Cooler 's Revenge , also known by its Japanese title Dragon Ball Z : The Incredible Mightiest vs. Mightiest ( Japanese : ドラゴンボールZ とびっきりの最強対最強 , Hepburn : Doragon Bōru Zetto : Tobikkiri no Saikyō tai Saikyō ) , or by Toei 's own English title Dragon Ball Z : The Strongest Rivals , is a 1991 Japanese anime science fiction martial arts film and the fifth Dragon Ball Z animated feature movie , originally released in Japan on July 20 at the Toei Anime Fair ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 animated film based on the Dragon Ball Z anime series . Premiered May 24 , 2014 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trigun : Badlands Rumble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trigun:_Badlands_Rumble', 'summary': 'Trigun : Badlands Rumble ( Japanese : トライガン バッドランド ランブル , Hepburn : Toraigan baddorando ranburu ) is a 2010 Japanese animated film by Madhouse . It is based on the Trigun manga , written by Yasuhiro Nightow .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 animated film set in the same universe as the 1998 Trigun anime series . Premiered December 28 , 2013 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie : Conqueror of Shamballa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist_the_Movie:_Conqueror_of_Shamballa', 'summary': "Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie : Conqueror of Shamballa ( Japanese : 劇場版 鋼の錬金術師 シャンバラを征く者 , Hepburn : Gekijōban Hagane no Renkinjutsushi : Shanbara o Yuku Mono ) is a 2005 Japanese animated film directed by Seiji Mizushima and written by Sho Aikawa . A sequel to the first Fullmetal Alchemist television series which was adapted from the manga of the same name by Hiromu Arakawa and published by Square Enix , the film follows the story of alchemist Edward Elric as he attempts to return to his homeworld , having lived for two years in a parallel universe , while his younger brother Alphonse is also trying to reunite with him by any means necessary . Edward 's search attracts the attention of the Thule Society , which seeks to enter his homeworld , believing it to be Shamballa , to obtain new weapons to help them in World War II . Conqueror of Shamballa premiered in Japan on July 23 , 2005 . A CD soundtrack has also been published featuring music from the film developed by Michiru Oshima and L'Arc-en-Ciel . In Japan , it has been edited in a standard DVD , as well as in a limited edition . It was later licensed in North America by Funimation that featured the film in cinemas for a short time , and also released it on DVD and Blu-ray . Most of the staff from the first Fullmetal Alchemist anime started development on Conqueror of Shamballa shortly after the anime 's ending . The original script had to be shortened to fit the film 's length of 105 minutes . During its premiere in Japan , Conqueror of Shamballa remained as one of the most popular films in the year . Critical reaction to the film has commonly been positive , with reviews praising the film 's story and animation used ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 animated film sequel of the original 2003 Fullmetal Alchemist anime series . Premiered December 21 , 2013 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Summer Wars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summer_Wars', 'summary': "Summer Wars ( Japanese : サマーウォーズ , Hepburn : Samā Wōzu ) is a 2009 Japanese animated science fiction film directed by Mamoru Hosoda , produced by Madhouse , and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Japan . The film 's voice cast includes Ryunosuke Kamiki , Nanami Sakuraba , Mitsuki Tanimura , Sumiko Fuji and Ayumu Saitō . The film tells the story of Kenji Koiso , a timid eleventh-grade math genius who is taken to Ueda by twelfth-grade student , Natsuki Shinohara to celebrate her great-grandmother 's 90th birthday . However , he is falsely implicated in the hacking of a virtual world by a sadistic artificial intelligence named Love Machine . Kenji must repair the damage done , and find a way to stop the rogue computer program from causing any further chaos . After producing The Girl Who Leapt Through Time , Madhouse was asked to produce something new . Hosoda and writer Satoko Okudera , created a story about a social network and a stranger 's connection with strange family . The real-life city of Ueda was chosen as the setting for Summer Wars as part of the territory was once governed by the Sanada clan and was close to Hosoda 's birthplace in Toyama . Hosoda used the clan as the basis for the Jinnouchi family after visiting his then-fiancée 's home in Ueda . Production of Summer Wars commenced in 2006 . Art director Youji Takeshige incorporated Japanese houses into his background designs . Hosoda also insisted that 80 family members were to be included as main characters ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 animated film by director Mamoru Hosoda . Premiered December 14 , 2013 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)', 'summary': "Akira ( Japanese : アキラ Hepburn : Akira ) is a 1988 Japanese animated post-apocalyptic cyberpunk film directed by Katsuhiro Otomo , produced by Ryōhei Suzuki and Shunzō Katō , and written by Otomo and Izo Hashimoto , based on Otomo 's 1982 manga of the same name . The film had a production budget of ¥1.1 billion ( $ 9 million ) , making it the most expensive anime film of its time . Set in a dystopian 2019 , Akira tells the story of Shōtarō Kaneda , a leader of a biker gang whose childhood friend , Tetsuo Shima , acquires incredible telekinetic abilities after a motorcycle accident , eventually threatening an entire military complex amidst chaos and rebellion in the sprawling futuristic metropolis of Neo-Tokyo . While most of the character designs and settings were adapted from the manga , the plot differs considerably and does not include much of the last half of the manga . The soundtrack , which draws heavily from traditional Indonesian gamelan as well as Japanese noh music , was composed by Shōji Yamashiro and performed by Geinoh Yamashirogumi . Akira premiered in Japan on July 16 , 1988 by Toho , but was initially unable to recoup its budget . It was released the following year in the United States by pioneering animation distributor Streamline Pictures . It garnered an international cult following after various theatrical and VHS releases , eventually earning over $ 80 million worldwide from home video sales . It is widely regarded by critics as one of the greatest animated and science fiction films ever made , as well as a landmark in Japanese animation . It is also a landmark film in the cyberpunk genre , particularly the Japanese cyberpunk subgenre , as well as adult animation . The film had a significant impact on popular culture worldwide , paving the way for the growth of anime and Japanese popular culture in the Western world as well as influencing numerous works in animation , comics , film , music , television and video games ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988 animated film based on the manga series of the same name . Premiered December 7 , 2013 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evangelion 2.22 You Can ( Not ) Advance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evangelion:_2.0_You_Can_(Not)_Advance', 'summary': "Evangelion : 2.0 You Can ( Not ) Advance . ( ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版 : 破 , Evangerion Shin Gekijōban : Ha , lit . Evangelion : The New Movie : Break ) is a 2009 Japanese animated science fiction film directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki and Masayuki , and written by Hideaki Anno . It is the second of tetralogy of films released in the Rebuild of Evangelion . The tetralogy is based on the original anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion . It was produced and co-distributed by Hideaki Anno 's Studio Khara in partnership with Gainax . The film continues the story of Evangelion : 1.0 You Are ( Not ) Alone , with Shinji Ikari continuing his role as a pilot of one of the gigantic Evangelion mecha as part of NERV 's ongoing fight against the mysterious creatures known as Angels . While replicating many scenes and plot elements from the original series , the film also introduces new ones , including newly designed creatures and new characters , such as Mari Illustrious Makinami , and integrates newly available 3D CG technology . Its ending paves the way for the significant storyline departures from the original series in Evangelion : 3.0 You Can ( Not ) Redo ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 animated movie remake of the Neon Genesis Evangelion TV series . Sequel to Evangelion 1.11 . Premiered August 31 , 2013 on Toonami', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evangelion 1.11 You Are ( Not ) Alone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evangelion:_1.0_You_Are_(Not)_Alone', 'summary': "Evangelion : 1.0 You Are ( Not ) Alone . ( ヱヴァンゲリヲン新劇場版 : 序 , Evangerion Shin Gekijōban : Jo , lit . Evangelion : The New Movie : Prelude ) is a 2007 Japanese animated science fiction film , the first of the tetralogy Evangelion , written and chief directed by Hideaki Anno . It is the first of four films released in the Rebuild of Evangelion tetralogy based on the original anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion . It was produced and co-distributed by Anno 's Studio Khara in partnership with Gainax . Hideaki Anno wrote the first movie and is the general director and manager for the entire project . Yoshiyuki Sadamoto provided character designs for the film , while Ikuto Yamashita provided mechanical designs . Both Shinji Higuchi and Tomoki Kyoda provided the film 's storyboards . The film focuses on a young teenager named Shinji Ikari , who finds he must pilot a mecha known as Evangelion Unit-01 to protect the world from mysterious creatures known as Angels . The plot is largely a point-for-point adaptation of the first six episodes of the original anime . While some scenes and events are replications of the original series , others unfold differently with new or omitted scenes and newly-available 3D CG technology . The film received a positive response from fans , with Hideaki Anno himself calling it a faithful remake of the original series ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 animated movie remake of the Neon Genesis Evangelion TV series . Premiered March 17 , 2013 . The first film broadcast on Toonami since its revival in 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Dynamite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Dynamite', 'summary': "Black Dynamite is a 2009 American blaxploitation action comedy film starring Michael Jai White , Tommy Davidson , and Salli Richardson . The film was directed by Scott Sanders and co-written by White , Sanders , and Byron Minns , who also co-stars . The plot centers on former CIA agent Black Dynamite , who must avenge his brother 's death while cleaning the streets of a new drug that is ravaging the community . The film is a parody of the blaxploitation genre . It had a trailer and funding even before a script was written . Black Dynamite was shot in 20 days in Super 16 format . The film was released in the United States on October 16 , 2009 , for only two weeks ( with an official premiere at the Toronto After Dark film festival ) and was well received by critics . It was released on home video on February 16 , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 live-action movie that inspired the Adult Swim series . Aired on September 2 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bleach : The DiamondDust Rebellion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bleach:_The_DiamondDust_Rebellion', 'summary': "Bleach : The DiamondDust Rebellion ( 劇場版BLEACH The DiamondDust Rebellion もう一つの氷輪丸 , Gekijōban Burīchi Za Daiyamondo Dasuto Reberion Mō Hitotsu no Hyōrinmaru , Bleach : The DiamondDust Rebellion , Another Hyōrinmaru ) is the second animated film adaptation of the anime and manga series Bleach . The film is directed by Noriyuki Abe , and co-written by Michiko Yokote and Masahiro Ōkubo , and the theatrical release was on December 22 , 2007 . The theme music for the film is Rock of Light ( 光のロック , Hikari no Rokku ) by Sambomaster . The DVD of the film was released on September 6 , 2008 . To promote the film , the opening and closing credits of the Bleach anime from episode 151-154 use footage from the film . Kubo also published a special manga chapter focusing on Hitsugaya 's past to further promote the film . The English release of the DVD was on September 8 , 2009 , and it was aired on Adult Swim on December 5 , 2009 . The official European release of the film was on September 6 , 2010 and in the United Kingdom on Blu-ray on May 7 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aired on December 5 , 2009 . First anime film to air on Adult Swim in high definition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High-definition_television', 'summary': 'High-definition television ( often shortened to High-Definition and HD or High Definition ) describes a television system providing an image resolution of substantially higher resolution than the previous generation of technology . The term has been used since 1936 , but in modern times refers to the generation following standard-definition television ( SDTV ) , often abbreviated to HDTV or HD-TV . It is the current standard video format used in most broadcasts : terrestrial broadcast television , cable television , satellite television , Blu-ray discs , and streaming video . HDTV may be transmitted in various formats :'}]}, {'value': 'Bleach : Memories of Nobody', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bleach:_Memories_of_Nobody', 'summary': "Bleach : Memories of Nobody is the first animated film adaptation of the anime and manga series Bleach . Directed by Noriyuki Abe and written by Masashi Sogo , the film was first released in Japanese theaters on December 16 , 2006 . The DVD was released in Japan on September 5 , 2007 . To promote the film , the opening and closing credits for episodes 106 through 109 of the Bleach anime use footage from the film . The film 's theme music is Sen no Yoru o Koete ( 千の夜をこえて , lit . : Crossing over a Thousand Nights ) by Aqua Timez . The film had a limited theatrical release in the United States from June 11 to June 12 , 2008 , and in Canada on October 20 , 2008 and was followed by the DVD release on October 14 , 2008 . The film aired on September 5 , 2009 on Adult Swim . Animax Asia became the first to air the movie in Asia , as they confirmed the premiere to be on May 2 . The Blu-ray was released on May 7 , 2012 in the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aired on September 5 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G.I . Joe : Resolute', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/G.I._Joe:_Resolute', 'summary': "G.I . Joe : Resolute is an animated television series based on the G.I . Joe franchise . It was written by Warren Ellis , directed by Joaquim Dos Santos , and produced by Sam Register , creator of Cartoon Network 's Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi . It debuted on the web at Adult Swim Video on April 17 , 2009 as a series of ten 5-minute episodes and one 10-minute final episode , with a Content Rating of TV-14-V , and premiered in its entirety as a 60-minute movie on air on Canadian television network Teletoon on April 24 , 2009 . In the United States , the movie aired on Adult Swim April 25 , 2009 . Resolute departs from recent depictions of futuristic technology , adopting a more realistic aesthetic . It has been described as a more mature take on the franchise . The film uses elements from both the cartoons and the comics , and is described by Warren Ellis as a fusion ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90-minute movie that aired April 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Room', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Room_(film)', 'summary': "The Room is a 2003 American romantic drama film written , produced , and directed by Tommy Wiseau , who stars in the film alongside Juliette Danielle and Greg Sestero . The film centers on a melodramatic love triangle between amiable banker Johnny ( Wiseau ) , his deceptive fiancée Lisa ( Danielle ) , and his conflicted best friend Mark ( Sestero ) . A significant portion of the film is dedicated to a series of unrelated subplots , most of which involve at least one supporting character and are left unresolved due to the film 's inconsistent narrative structure . The work was reportedly intended to be semi-autobiographical in nature ; according to Wiseau , the title alludes to the potential of a room to be the site of both good and bad events . The stage play from which the film is derived was so-called due to its events taking place in a single room . A number of publications have labeled The Room as one of the worst films ever made . An assistant professor of film studies was the first to describe The Room as the Citizen Kane of bad movies . Originally shown only in a limited number of California theaters , The Room quickly became a cult film due to its bizarre and unconventional storytelling , technical and narrative flaws , and Wiseau 's off-kilter performance . Although Wiseau has retrospectively described the film as a black comedy , audiences have generally viewed it as a poorly made drama , an opinion shared by some of the cast . The Disaster Artist , Sestero 's memoir of the making of The Room , was co-written with Tom Bissell and published in 2013 . A film of the same name based on the book , directed by and starring James Franco , was released on December 1 , 2017 ; the book and film received widespread acclaim and numerous award nominations . The Room also inspired an unofficial video game adaptation , The Room Tribute , released on Newgrounds in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': "First aired on April 1 , 2009 as part of an April Fools ' Day prank . In 2010 it aired again on April Fools ' Day ; featuring Space Ghost interviewing Tommy Wiseau in the same format as Space Ghost Coast to Coast as bumps . The movie aired again on April 1 , 2011 , for the third year in a row . On April 1 , 2012 , part of the opening was aired , before cutting to T.O.M . from Toonami , opening an announced night of the block", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Wiseau', 'summary': "Thomas P. Wiseau ( /wɪˈzoʊ/ , /ˈwaɪzoʊ/ ) is a European-American actor and filmmaker , best known for writing , producing , directing , and starring in the 2003 film The Room , which has been described by many critics as one of the worst movies ever made and has gained cult film status . He also directed the 2004 documentary Homeless in America and created the 2015 sitcom The Neighbors . Many details about Wiseau 's personal life ( including his age , source of wealth , and background ) remain unverified , and as such have been the subject of intense fan speculation and various conflicting reports . The 2013 non-fiction book The Disaster Artist : My Life Inside The Room , the Greatest Bad Movie Ever Made by Greg Sestero , as well as its 2017 film adaptation , chronicle the making of The Room and Wiseau 's life behind the scenes ."}]}, {'value': 'Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aqua_Teen_Hunger_Force_Colon_Movie_Film_for_Theaters', 'summary': "Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters is a 2007 American adult animated surreal black comedy film based on the Adult Swim animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force . The film was written and directed by the show 's creators , Matt Maiellaro and Dave Willis . The film features the voices of Dana Snyder , Carey Means , Willis , Maiellaro , Mike Schatz , Andy Merrill , C. Martin Croker , Bruce Campbell , Neil Peart and Chris Kattan . The film was theatrically released on April 13 , 2007 . The film marks the first time an Adult Swim series was adapted into a feature film . The film grossed $ 5.5 million on a $ 750,000 budget . Warner Home Video released the film in a two-disc DVD edition on August 14 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feature film based on Aqua Teen Hunger Force , and was the first film adaption of an Adult Swim series . It was released in theaters on April 13 , 2007 . The film made its official television debut on March 31 , 2008 on Adult Swim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aqua_Teen_Hunger_Force', 'summary': "Aqua Teen Hunger Force ( also known by various alternative titles ) is an American adult animated television series created by Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network 's late night programming block , Adult Swim . It is about the surreal adventures and antics of three anthropomorphic fast food items : Master Shake , Frylock , and Meatwad , who live together as relatives and frequently interact with their human next-door neighbor , Carl Brutananadilewski . It was created as a spin-off series of Space Ghost Coast to Coast . The unannounced pilot episode , Rabbot , aired on Cartoon Network on December 30 , 2000 ; the series later made its official debut on Adult Swim on September 9 , 2001 . Every episode was written and directed by Willis and Maiellaro , who also provided several voices . Seasons 8-11 were each given a different alternative title , accompanied by a different theme music , as a running joke . The series ended on August 30 , 2015 , with a total of 139 episodes over the course of 11 seasons . Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters , a film adaptation of the series , was released in theaters on April 13 , 2007 , the first adaptation of an Adult Swim series into a feature-length film . The series airs in broadcast syndication outside the United States and has been released on various DVD sets and other forms of home media , including video on demand streaming . It was the longest-running Adult Swim series until it was surpassed by The Venture Bros. ( in terms of years ) , Squidbillies ( in terms of seasons ) , and Robot Chicken ( in terms of episodes ) ."}]}, {'value': 'InuYasha the Movie : Fire on the Mystic Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/InuYasha_the_Movie:_Fire_on_the_Mystic_Island', 'summary': 'Inuyasha the Movie : Fire on the Mystic Island ( 映画犬夜叉 紅蓮の蓬莱島 , Eiga Inuyasha : Guren no Hōraijima ) is the fourth and final film of the Inuyasha series , alternately titled InuYasha Movie 4 : Fire on Horai Island . It was directed by Toshiya Shinohara , written by Katsuyuki Sumisawa , produced by Shogakukan , Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation , Sunrise , Inc. , Nippon Television Network , Shogakukan Productions and Yomiuri TV Enterprises , and distributed by Toho . It stars the voices of Kappei Yamaguchi and Satsuki Yukino . The film features Nobutoshi Canna , Takeshi Kusao , Nobuo Tobita and Tadahisa Saizen as the Four War Gods , a group of demons who rule the Horai Island .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Premiered December 23 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'InuYasha the Movie : Swords of an Honorable Ruler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/InuYasha_the_Movie:_Swords_of_an_Honorable_Ruler', 'summary': 'Inuyasha the Movie : Swords of an Honorable Ruler ( 映画犬夜叉 天下覇道の剣 , Eiga Inuyasha : Tenka Hadō no Ken ) ( also known as Inuyasha the Movie 3 : Swords of World Conquest ) is the third film of the Inuyasha series . It was released in 2003 in Japan , and in 2005 in the United States . The song , Four Seasons , is performed by Namie Amuro .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Premiered August 12 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Escaflowne : The Movie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Escaflowne:_The_Movie', 'summary': 'Escaflowne ( Japanese : エスカフローネ , Hepburn : Esukafurōne ) , also released under the title Escaflowne : A Girl in Gaea , is a 2000 anime fantasy film produced by Sunrise and animated by studio Bones . Directed by Kazuki Akane , the film is a re-telling of the 26-episode anime television series The Vision of Escaflowne . While the plot of the film has some similar elements to the original television series , the characters differ in varying degrees from the television counterparts , with many completely redesigned and bearing little resemblance to the originals . The world of Gaea has a more Asian design than the heavily European influenced television series . The film was licensed for Region 1 release by Bandai Entertainment , which gave the film a theatrical release on January 25 , 2002 . A soundtrack and two drama CDs have also been released in Japan by Victor Entertainment in relation to the series .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Premiered September 10 , 2005', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Films', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Adult_Swim_7', 'intro': "This is a list of television programs formerly or currently broadcast on Cartoon Network's late night block, Adult Swim in the United States. Although both networks share the same channel space, Adult Swim is classified as a separate entity for the purposes of Nielsen ratings."}
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When did the program that aired in 2016 release on DVD in Japan ?
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November 25 , 2011
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0314a34ec897e581
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_in_video_games', 'title': '2014 in video games', 'header': ['Game', 'Publisher', 'Release Date', 'Platform', 'MC score', 'GR score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Grand Theft Auto V', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V', 'summary': "Grand Theft Auto V is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008 's Grand Theft Auto IV . Set within the fictional state of San Andreas , based on Southern California , the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency and powerful crime figures . The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas ' open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos , based on Los Angeles . The game is played from either a third-person or first-person perspective , and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch among them , both during and outside missions . The story is centred on the heist sequences , and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay . A wanted system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes . Grand Theft Auto Online , the game 's online multiplayer mode , lets up to 30 players engage in a variety of different cooperative and competitive game modes . The game 's development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV 's release and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors . Much of the development work constituted the open world 's creation , and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team ."}]}, {'value': 'Rockstar Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockstar_Games', 'summary': "Rockstar Games , Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City . The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive , and as successor to BMG Interactive , a dormant video game publisher of which Take-Two had previously acquired the assets . Founding members of the company were Sam and Dan Houser , Terry Donovan and Jamie King , who worked for Take-Two at the time , and of which the Houser brothers were previously executives at BMG Interactive . Co-founders Sam and Dan Houser head the studio as president and vice-president for creative , respectively . Since 1999 , several companies acquired by or established under Take-Two have become part of Rockstar Games , such as Rockstar Canada ( later renamed Rockstar Toronto ) becoming the first one in 1999 , and Rockstar India the most recent in 2016 . All companies organized under Rockstar Games bear the Rockstar name and logo . In this context , Rockstar Games is sometimes also referred to as Rockstar New York , Rockstar NY or Rockstar NYC . Rockstar Games also sports a motion capture studio in Bethpage , New York . Rockstar Games predominantly publishes games in the action-adventure genre , while racing games also saw success for the company . One of such action-adventure game franchises is Grand Theft Auto , which Rockstar Games took over from BMG Interactive , which published the series ' original 1997 entry . The most recent game in the series , Grand Theft Auto V , has shipped over 110 million copies since its release in September 2013 , making it one of the best-selling video games of all time . Other popular franchises published by Rockstar Games are Red Dead , Midnight Club , Max Payne and Manhunt ."}]}, {'value': 'November 18 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_One', 'summary': "The Xbox One is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Microsoft . Announced in May 2013 , it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox series of video game consoles . It was first released in North America , parts of Europe , Australia , and South America in November 2013 , and in Japan , China , and other European countries in September 2014 . It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China , specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone . Microsoft marketed the device as an all-in-one entertainment system , hence the name 'Xbox One ' . The Xbox One mainly competes against Sony 's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from its predecessor 's PowerPC-based architecture , the Xbox One marks a shift back to the x86 architecture used in the original Xbox ; it features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built around the x86-64 instruction set . Xbox One 's controller was redesigned over the Xbox 360 's , with a redesigned body , D-pad , and triggers capable of delivering directional haptic feedback . The console places an increased emphasis on cloud computing , as well as social networking features , and the ability to record and share video clips or screenshots from gameplay , or live-stream directly to streaming services such as Mixer and Twitch . Games can also be played off-console via a local area network on supported Windows 10 devices . The console can play Blu-ray Disc , and overlay live television programming from an existing set-top box or a digital tuner for digital terrestrial television with an enhanced program guide . The console optionally included a redesigned Kinect sensor , marketed as the Kinect 2.0 , providing improved motion tracking and voice recognition ."}]}, {'value': '97/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '98.33%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grand Theft Auto V', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V', 'summary': "Grand Theft Auto V is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008 's Grand Theft Auto IV . Set within the fictional state of San Andreas , based on Southern California , the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency and powerful crime figures . The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas ' open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos , based on Los Angeles . The game is played from either a third-person or first-person perspective , and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch among them , both during and outside missions . The story is centred on the heist sequences , and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay . A wanted system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes . Grand Theft Auto Online , the game 's online multiplayer mode , lets up to 30 players engage in a variety of different cooperative and competitive game modes . The game 's development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV 's release and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors . Much of the development work constituted the open world 's creation , and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team ."}]}, {'value': 'Rockstar Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockstar_Games', 'summary': "Rockstar Games , Inc. is an American video game publisher based in New York City . The company was established in December 1998 as a subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive , and as successor to BMG Interactive , a dormant video game publisher of which Take-Two had previously acquired the assets . Founding members of the company were Sam and Dan Houser , Terry Donovan and Jamie King , who worked for Take-Two at the time , and of which the Houser brothers were previously executives at BMG Interactive . Co-founders Sam and Dan Houser head the studio as president and vice-president for creative , respectively . Since 1999 , several companies acquired by or established under Take-Two have become part of Rockstar Games , such as Rockstar Canada ( later renamed Rockstar Toronto ) becoming the first one in 1999 , and Rockstar India the most recent in 2016 . All companies organized under Rockstar Games bear the Rockstar name and logo . In this context , Rockstar Games is sometimes also referred to as Rockstar New York , Rockstar NY or Rockstar NYC . Rockstar Games also sports a motion capture studio in Bethpage , New York . Rockstar Games predominantly publishes games in the action-adventure genre , while racing games also saw success for the company . One of such action-adventure game franchises is Grand Theft Auto , which Rockstar Games took over from BMG Interactive , which published the series ' original 1997 entry . The most recent game in the series , Grand Theft Auto V , has shipped over 110 million copies since its release in September 2013 , making it one of the best-selling video games of all time . Other popular franchises published by Rockstar Games are Red Dead , Midnight Club , Max Payne and Manhunt ."}]}, {'value': 'November 18 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_4', 'summary': "The PlayStation 4 ( officially abbreviated as PS4 ) is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia , and on February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the most powerful APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( Remote Play ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( Share Play ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 High-dynamic-range video and playback of 4K resolution multimedia . The PlayStation 4 was released to critical acclaim , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embracing independent game development , and for not imposing the restrictive digital rights management schemes like those originally announced by Microsoft for the Xbox One . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as significant and obvious . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of September 2019 , over 102 million PlayStation 4 consoles had been shipped worldwide , surpassing lifetime sales of the PlayStation 3 . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 Slim , a smaller version of the console ; and a high-end version called the PlayStation 4 Pro , which features an upgraded GPU and a higher CPU clock rate to support enhanced performance and 4K resolution in supported games ."}]}, {'value': '97/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96.33%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Last of Us Remastered', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Last_of_Us', 'summary': "The Last of Us is a 2013 action-adventure survival horror video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment . Players control Joel , a smuggler tasked with escorting a teenage girl , Ellie , across a post-apocalyptic United States . The Last of Us is played from a third-person perspective . Players use firearms and improvised weapons , and can use stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus . In the online multiplayer mode , up to eight players engage in cooperative and competitive gameplay . Development of The Last of Us began in 2009 , soon after the release of Naughty Dog 's previous game , Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves . For the first time in the company 's history , Naughty Dog split into two teams ; while one team developed Uncharted 3 : Drake 's Deception , the other half developed The Last of Us . The relationship between Joel and Ellie became the focus , with all other elements developed around it . Actors Troy Baker and Ashley Johnson portrayed Joel and Ellie respectively through voice and motion capture , and assisted creative director Neil Druckmann with the development of the characters and story . The original score was composed and performed by Gustavo Santaolalla . Following its announcement in December 2011 , The Last of Us was widely anticipated . It was released for the PlayStation 3 in June 2013 , and for the PlayStation 4 in July 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sony Computer Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment', 'summary': "Sony Interactive Entertainment ( SIE ) is a multinational video game and digital entertainment company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation , managed through Sony 's American hub , Sony Corporation of America . Its main headquarters is Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC ( SIE LLC ) , based in San Mateo , California , United States , while Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. ( SIE Inc. ) is based in Tokyo , Japan . SIE Inc. was founded as Sony Computer Entertainment ( SCE ) in Tokyo in November 1993 to handle Sony 's venture into video game development for the PlayStation systems , while SIE LLC was founded in San Mateo in April 2016 . Since the launch of the original PlayStation console in 1994 , the company has been developing PlayStation home video game consoles , accessories and services lineup . Expanding into North America and Europe , the company quickly became Sony 's main resource for research and development in video games and interactive entertainment . In April 2016 , SCE and Sony Network Entertainment International was restructured and reorganized into Sony Interactive Entertainment , carrying over the operations and primary objectives from both companies . The same year , SIE moved its headquarters from Tokyo to San Mateo , California . Sony Interactive Entertainment handles the research and development , production , and sales of both hardware and software for the PlayStation video game systems . SIE is also a developer and publisher of video game titles , and operates several subsidiaries in Sony 's largest markets : North America , Europe and Asia . By August 2018 , the company had sold more than 525 million PlayStation consoles worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'July 29 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_4', 'summary': "The PlayStation 4 ( officially abbreviated as PS4 ) is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia , and on February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the most powerful APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( Remote Play ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( Share Play ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 High-dynamic-range video and playback of 4K resolution multimedia . The PlayStation 4 was released to critical acclaim , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embracing independent game development , and for not imposing the restrictive digital rights management schemes like those originally announced by Microsoft for the Xbox One . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as significant and obvious . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of September 2019 , over 102 million PlayStation 4 consoles had been shipped worldwide , surpassing lifetime sales of the PlayStation 3 . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 Slim , a smaller version of the console ; and a high-end version called the PlayStation 4 Pro , which features an upgraded GPU and a higher CPU clock rate to support enhanced performance and 4K resolution in supported games ."}]}, {'value': '95/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '95.7%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shovel Knight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shovel_Knight', 'summary': 'Shovel Knight is a 2D side-scrolling platform game developed and published by Yacht Club Games . Following a successful Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign , the game was released for Microsoft Windows , Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in June 2014 . The game was ported to OS X and Linux in September 2014 , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , PlayStation Vita and Xbox One in April 2015 , Amazon Fire TV in September 2015 , and Nintendo Switch in March 2017 . Shovel Knight is inspired by gameplay and graphics of platformer games developed for the Nintendo Entertainment System . The game has received critical acclaim , won various awards and is considered one of the best games of 2014 . Following the release of additional campaigns , the original story received the retronym Shovel of Hope . The full game ( released in December 2019 ) is referred to as Shovel Knight : Treasure Trove , which includes three other campaigns : Plague of Shadows , Specter of Torment , and King of Cards , along with a multiplayer fighting game , Shovel Knight Showdown . On August 28 , 2019 , a spin-off sequel to the original game entitled Shovel Knight Dig was announced .'}]}, {'value': 'Yacht Club Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yacht_Club_Games', 'summary': 'Yacht Club Games , LLC is an American independent video game development studio and publisher founded in 2011 by former WayForward Technologies director Sean Velasco . The company announced their first title , Shovel Knight , on March 14 , 2013 , and released it on June 26 , 2014 , after a successful Kickstarter campaign . In 2016 , the company announced that it would start publishing games from other companies , and that their first published game would be Azure Striker Gunvolt : Striker Pack , a compilation containing Azure Striker Gunvolt and Azure Striker Gunvolt 2 . The second will be Cyber Shadow , a game developed by Mechanical Head Studios .'}]}, {'value': 'June 26 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nintendo 3DS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_3DS', 'summary': "The Nintendo 3DS [ a ] is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo . It is capable of displaying stereoscopic 3D effects without the use of 3D glasses or additional accessories . Nintendo announced the console in March 2010 and officially unveiled it at E3 2010 on June 15 . The console succeeds the Nintendo DS , featuring backward compatibility with older Nintendo DS video games . Its primary competitor was Sony 's PlayStation Vita . The handheld offers new features such as the StreetPass and SpotPass tag modes , powered by Nintendo Network ; augmented reality , using its 3D cameras ; and Virtual Console , which allows owners to download and play games originally released on older video game systems . It is also pre-loaded with various applications including an online distribution store called Nintendo eShop ; a social networking service called Miiverse ( shut down in 2017 ) ; an Internet Browser ; the Netflix , Hulu Plus and YouTube streaming video services ; Nintendo Video ; a messaging application called Swapnote ( known as Nintendo Letter Box in Europe and Australia ) ; and Mii Maker . The Nintendo 3DS was released in Japan on February 26 , 2011 , and worldwide beginning in March 2011 . Less than six months later on July 28 , 2011 , Nintendo announced a significant price reduction from US $ 249 to US $ 169 amid disappointing launch sales . The company offered ten free Nintendo Entertainment System games and ten free Game Boy Advance games from the Nintendo eShop to consumers who bought the system at the original launch price . This strategy was considered a major success , and the console went on to become one of Nintendo 's most successful handheld consoles in the first two years of its release . As of December 31 , 2019 [ update ] , the Nintendo 3DS family of systems combined have sold 75.71 million units ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '93.67%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fez_(video_game)', 'summary': "Fez ( stylized as FEZ ) is an indie puzzle-platform video game developed by Polytron Corporation and published by Trapdoor . The player-character Gomez receives a fez that reveals his two-dimensional ( 2D ) world to be one of four sides of a three-dimensional ( 3D ) world . The player rotates between these four 2D views to realign platforms and solve the game 's puzzles . The object of the game is to collect cubes and cube fragments to restore order to the universe . The game was called an underdog darling of the indie game scene during its high-profile and protracted five-year development cycle . Fez designer and Polytron founder Phil Fish gained celebrity status for his outspoken public persona and his prominence in the 2012 documentary Indie Game : The Movie , which detailed Fez 's final stages of development and Polytron 's related legal issues . Fez met critical acclaim upon its April 2012 release for Xbox Live Arcade . The game was ported to other platforms following the expiration of a yearlong exclusivity agreement . Reviewers commended the game 's emphasis on discovery and freedom , but criticized its technical issues , in-game navigation , and endgame backtracking . They likened the game 's rotation mechanic to the 2D-3D shifts of Echochrome , Nebulus , Super Paper Mario , and Crush . Fez won awards including the Seumas McNally Grand Prize and Eurogamer 's 2012 Game of the Year . It had sold one million copies by the end of 2013 , and it influenced games such as Monument Valley , Crossy Road , and Secrets of Rætikon ."}]}, {'value': 'Trapdoor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trapdoor_(company)', 'summary': "Trapdoor Inc. was a Canadian video game developer based in Montreal . Founded in August 2008 by Ken Schachter , the company developed Warp and co-published Polytron Corporation 's Fez , both in 2012 . A third title , Heist , was cancelled mid-development . Trapdoor dissolved in December 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation Vita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_Vita', 'summary': "The PlayStation Vita ( also known as the PS Vita or simply Vita ) is a handheld video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on December 17 , 2011 , and in North America , Europe , and other international territories beginning on February 22 , 2012 . The console is the successor to the PlayStation Portable , and a part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices ; as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles , it primarily competed with the Nintendo 3DS . The original model of the handheld includes a 5-inch ( 130 mm ) OLED multi-touch capacitive touchscreen , two analog joysticks , and front and shoulder push-button input , and supports Bluetooth , Wi-Fi , and optional 3G . Internally , the Vita features a quad-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor and a quad-core SGX543MP graphics processing unit . The PS Vita 2000 series , a revised version of the system , was released across 2013 and 2014 , sports all of the same features with a slightly smaller size , extended battery life , and an LCD screen replacing the OLED display . Sony also released the PlayStation TV , a short-lived , re-purposed version of the Vita that allowed for the play of PS Vita games on a television screen similar to a home video game console , though the PS TV variant was discontinued by the end of 2015 . The system 's design was created to meld the experience of big budget , dedicated video game platforms with the then up-and-coming trend of mobile gaming through smart phones and tablets . However , in the year after the device 's successful launch , sales of the hardware and its bigger budget games stalled , threatening to end its lifespan . A concentrated effort to attract smaller independent developers in the West , combined with strong support from mid-level Japanese companies , helped keep the platform afloat . While this led to less diversity in its game library , it did garner strong support in JRPGs and visual novels , alongside a wealth of Western-developed indie games , leading it to become a moderate seller in Japan , and build a smaller , yet passionate userbase in the West . While Sony has not released exact sales figures , late-lifespan estimates in sales fall around 15 to 16 million units ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.5%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Smash Bros. for Wii U', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._for_Nintendo_3DS_and_Wii_U', 'summary': "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS [ a ] and Super Smash Bros. for Wii U [ b ] ( also known collectively as Super Smash Bros. 4 by the media ) are crossover fighting video games developed by Bandai Namco Studios and Sora Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U video game consoles . The Nintendo 3DS version was released in Japan in September 2014 , and in North America , Europe , and Australia the following month . The Wii U version was released in North America , Europe , and Australia in November 2014 , and in Japan the following month . Like the rest of the Super Smash Bros. series , Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Super Smash Bros. for Wii U are non-traditional fighting games where players use different attacks to weaken their opponents and knock them out of an arena . The games are crossover titles that feature characters , items , music , and stages from various Nintendo franchises , as well as from several third-party franchises . The games began development in 2012 and were officially announced at E3 2013 . The gameplay was tuned to be between that of the faster , more competition-oriented Super Smash Bros. Melee and the slower , more casual-friendly Super Smash Bros. Brawl . New features include having up to eight players fighting at a time on the Wii U version , support for Nintendo 's line of Amiibo , using custom Miis as playable fighters , post-release downloadable content including additional fighters and stages , and customizable special moves . Some features from previous games in the series were removed , such as the story mode from Brawl . Critics applauded the fine-tuning of existing Super Smash Bros. gameplay elements , but criticized some issues with online play . Both versions sold well , with the 3DS version selling over nine million copies worldwide by December 2017 , and the Wii U version selling over five million during the same period . It was followed by Super Smash Bros ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 21 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wii U', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wii_U', 'summary': "The Wii U ( /ˌwiː ˈjuː/ WEE YOO ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo as the successor to the Wii . Released in late 2012 , it is the first eighth-generation video game console and competed with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Sony 's PlayStation 4 . The Wii U is the first Nintendo console to support HD graphics . The system 's primary controller is the Wii U GamePad , which features an embedded touchscreen , directional buttons , analog sticks , and action buttons . The screen can be used either as a supplement to the main display or in supported games to play the game directly on the GamePad . The Wii U Pro Controller can be used in its place as a more traditional alternative . The Wii U is backward compatible with all Wii software and accessories . Games can support any combination of the GamePad , Wii Remote , Nunchuk , Balance Board , or Nintendo 's Classic Controller or Wii U Pro Controller . Online functionality centers around the Nintendo Network platform and Miiverse , an integrated social networking service which allows users to share content in game-specific communities . The Wii U was met with a generally positive reception , which included praise for its innovative GamePad controller , improvements to online functionality over the Wii , backwards compatibility with existing Wii software and peripherals , and relative affordability . However , the Wii U was also criticized for the GamePad 's short battery life and issues with the console 's user interface and functionality . The Wii U was met with slow consumer adoption , with low sales that were primarily credited to a weak lineup of launch titles , limited third-party support , and poor marketing ."}]}, {'value': '92/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.39%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rayman Legends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rayman_Legends', 'summary': "Rayman Legends is a platform video game developed by Ubisoft Montpellier and published by Ubisoft . It is the fifth main title in the Rayman series and the direct sequel to the 2011 game Rayman Origins . The game was released for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , Wii U , and PlayStation Vita platforms in August and September 2013 . PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions were released in February 2014 . A Nintendo Switch port , titled Rayman Legends Definitive Edition was released in North America , Europe and Australia on September 12 , 2017 . Rayman Legends was announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2012 for Wii U and was planned for release during the console 's launch window . However , the game was delayed and released several months later on multiple platforms , due to the financial failure of ZombiU . Rayman Legends received critical acclaim upon release . Critics praised the game 's visuals , level design , controls , soundtrack , overall gameplay , and the large amount of content . Some critics went as far as calling Rayman Legends one of the best platforming video games ever made , and the game won several awards from video gaming publications . The game experienced sluggish sales at the beginning of its release , but sold well and contributed to the company 's earnings just a year after ."}]}, {'value': 'Ubisoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ubisoft', 'summary': "Ubisoft Entertainment SA ( /ˈjuːbisɒft , -sɔːft/ ; French : [ ybisɔft ] ; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA ) is a French video game company headquartered in Montreuil with several development studios across the world . It publishes games for several video game franchises , including Assassin 's Creed , Far Cry , Just Dance , Prince of Persia , Rayman , Raving Rabbids , and Tom Clancy 's . As of March 2018 , Ubisoft is the fourth largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe in terms of revenue and market capitalisation , after Activision Blizzard , Electronic Arts , and Take-Two Interactive ."}]}, {'value': 'February 18 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_One', 'summary': "The Xbox One is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Microsoft . Announced in May 2013 , it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox series of video game consoles . It was first released in North America , parts of Europe , Australia , and South America in November 2013 , and in Japan , China , and other European countries in September 2014 . It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China , specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone . Microsoft marketed the device as an all-in-one entertainment system , hence the name 'Xbox One ' . The Xbox One mainly competes against Sony 's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from its predecessor 's PowerPC-based architecture , the Xbox One marks a shift back to the x86 architecture used in the original Xbox ; it features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built around the x86-64 instruction set . Xbox One 's controller was redesigned over the Xbox 360 's , with a redesigned body , D-pad , and triggers capable of delivering directional haptic feedback . The console places an increased emphasis on cloud computing , as well as social networking features , and the ability to record and share video clips or screenshots from gameplay , or live-stream directly to streaming services such as Mixer and Twitch . Games can also be played off-console via a local area network on supported Windows 10 devices . The console can play Blu-ray Disc , and overlay live television programming from an existing set-top box or a digital tuner for digital terrestrial television with an enhanced program guide . The console optionally included a redesigned Kinect sensor , marketed as the Kinect 2.0 , providing improved motion tracking and voice recognition ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.17%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayonetta 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayonetta_2', 'summary': "Bayonetta 2 [ a ] is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed by PlatinumGames and published by Nintendo for Wii U and Nintendo Switch . It is the sequel to the 2009 game Bayonetta , and was directed by Yusuke Hashimoto and produced by Atsushi Inaba and Nintendo 's Hitoshi Yamagami , under supervision by series creator Hideki Kamiya . Bayonetta 2 was announced in a Nintendo Direct presentation on September 13 , 2012 . Unlike the Sega-published Bayonetta , which was a multiplatform release for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 , a publishing deal with Nintendo meant that Bayonetta 2 released as a platform-exclusive for Wii U . The titular character , Bayonetta , sports a new costume and hairstyle and the game itself features a new two-player mode . The game is also the second Bayonetta product to receive Japanese voiceovers , using the same cast that voiced the Bayonetta : Bloody Fate anime film by Gonzo . Bayonetta 2 was released in September 2014 in Japan and October 2014 for the rest of the world . The Special and First Print Editions of the game included a Wii U port of the original Bayonetta as a separate disc inside the case . The game received critical acclaim from many reviewers , praising the combat system and overall improvements from the first game . Nintendo Switch ports of both games , and a sequel , Bayonetta 3 , were announced in December 2017 during The Game Awards 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 20 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wii U', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wii_U', 'summary': "The Wii U ( /ˌwiː ˈjuː/ WEE YOO ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo as the successor to the Wii . Released in late 2012 , it is the first eighth-generation video game console and competed with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Sony 's PlayStation 4 . The Wii U is the first Nintendo console to support HD graphics . The system 's primary controller is the Wii U GamePad , which features an embedded touchscreen , directional buttons , analog sticks , and action buttons . The screen can be used either as a supplement to the main display or in supported games to play the game directly on the GamePad . The Wii U Pro Controller can be used in its place as a more traditional alternative . The Wii U is backward compatible with all Wii software and accessories . Games can support any combination of the GamePad , Wii Remote , Nunchuk , Balance Board , or Nintendo 's Classic Controller or Wii U Pro Controller . Online functionality centers around the Nintendo Network platform and Miiverse , an integrated social networking service which allows users to share content in game-specific communities . The Wii U was met with a generally positive reception , which included praise for its innovative GamePad controller , improvements to online functionality over the Wii , backwards compatibility with existing Wii software and peripherals , and relative affordability . However , the Wii U was also criticized for the GamePad 's short battery life and issues with the console 's user interface and functionality . The Wii U was met with slow consumer adoption , with low sales that were primarily credited to a weak lineup of launch titles , limited third-party support , and poor marketing ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '91.38%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diablo III : Ultimate Evil Edition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diablo_III', 'summary': 'Diablo III is a hack-and-slash action role-playing game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment as the third installment in the Diablo franchise . It was released for Microsoft Windows and OS X in May 2012 , the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in September 2013 , the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in August 2014 , and the Nintendo Switch in November 2018 . Players choose to play as one of seven character classes - Barbarian , Crusader , Demon Hunter , Monk , Necromancer , Witch Doctor , or Wizard - and are tasked with defeating the Lord of Terror , Diablo , as in previous games in the series . An expansion pack entitled Reaper of Souls was released for PC in March 2014 . It was released for consoles as part of the Diablo III : Ultimate Evil Edition version in August 2014 . The Rise of the Necromancer pack was released for the Windows , macOS , and PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in June 2017 . Diablo III : Eternal Collection , combining Reaper of Souls and Rise of the Necromancer , was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in June 2017 , and for the Nintendo Switch in November 2018 . The game received critical acclaim , although its always-on DRM feature was criticized . The game set a new record for fastest-selling PC game by selling over 3.5 million copies in the first 24 hours of its release , and became the best-selling PC game of 2012 by selling over 12 million copies . As of August 2015 , the number of sales had grown to over 30 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Blizzard Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment', 'summary': "Blizzard Entertainment , Inc. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Irvine , California , and is a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard . The company was founded on February 8 , 1991 , under the name Silicon & Synapse , Inc. by three graduates of the University of California , Los Angeles : Michael Morhaime , Frank Pearce and Allen Adham . The company originally concentrated on the creation of game ports for other studios ' games before beginning development of their own software in 1993 with games like Rock n ' Roll Racing and The Lost Vikings . In 1994 , the company became Chaos Studios , Inc. , then Blizzard Entertainment after being acquired by distributor Davidson & Associates . Shortly thereafter , Blizzard released Warcraft : Orcs & Humans . Blizzard created several other video games , including Warcraft sequels , the Diablo series , the StarCraft series , and in 2004 , the massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft . Their most recent projects include the first expansion for Diablo III , Reaper of Souls , the online collectible card game Hearthstone , the seventh expansion for World of Warcraft , Battle for Azeroth , the multiplayer online battle arena Heroes of the Storm , the third and final expansion for StarCraft II : Wings of Liberty , Legacy of the Void , and the multiplayer first-person hero shooter Overwatch . On July 9 , 2008 , Activision merged with Vivendi Games , culminating in the inclusion of the Blizzard brand name in the title of the resulting holding company . On July 25 , 2013 , Activision Blizzard announced the purchase of 429 million shares from majority owner Vivendi . As a result , Activision Blizzard became a completely independent company . Blizzard Entertainment hosts conventions for fans to meet and to promote their games : the BlizzCon in California , United States , and the Blizzard Worldwide Invitational in other countries , including South Korea and France ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_4', 'summary': "The PlayStation 4 ( officially abbreviated as PS4 ) is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia , and on February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the most powerful APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( Remote Play ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( Share Play ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 High-dynamic-range video and playback of 4K resolution multimedia . The PlayStation 4 was released to critical acclaim , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embracing independent game development , and for not imposing the restrictive digital rights management schemes like those originally announced by Microsoft for the Xbox One . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as significant and obvious . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of September 2019 , over 102 million PlayStation 4 consoles had been shipped worldwide , surpassing lifetime sales of the PlayStation 3 . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 Slim , a smaller version of the console ; and a high-end version called the PlayStation 4 Pro , which features an upgraded GPU and a higher CPU clock rate to support enhanced performance and 4K resolution in supported games ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '91.25%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dark Souls II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dark_Souls_II', 'summary': 'Dark Souls II [ a ] is an action role-playing game developed by FromSoftware and published by Bandai Namco Games . The third game in the Souls series , it was released for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Although both are set in the same universe , there is no direct story connection between the first Dark Souls and the sequel . The game uses dedicated multiplayer servers . Taking place in the kingdom of Drangleic , the game features both player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) gameplay , in addition to having some co-op components . As in the earlier games in the series , it again features challenging gameplay , but with a more powerful graphics engine and more advanced artificial intelligence system . After some initial delays , the game was released worldwide in March 2014 , with the Microsoft Windows version being released on April 24 , 2014 . An updated version of the game , subtitled Scholar of the First Sin , was released for PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One and Microsoft Windows in April 2015 . The title is a compilation of the original game and all of its downloadable content with upgraded graphics , expanded online multiplayer capacity , and various other changes . A sequel , Dark Souls III , was released in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 11 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89.68%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kentucky Route Zero - Act III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kentucky_Route_Zero', 'summary': 'Kentucky Route Zero is a point-and-click adventure game developed by Cardboard Computer and published by Annapurna Interactive . The game was first revealed in 2011 via the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter and is separated into five acts that were released sporadically throughout its development ; the first releasing in January 2013 and the last releasing in January 2020 . Kentucky Route Zero was originally developed for Linux , Microsoft Windows , and OS X , with console ports for the Nintendo Switch , PlayStation 4 , Xbox One , released under the subtitle of TV Edition , coinciding with the release of the final act . The game follows the narrative of a truck driver named Conway and the strange people he meets as he tries to cross the fictitious Route Zero in Kentucky to make a final delivery for the antique company for which he works .'}]}, {'value': 'Cardboard Computer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 6 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dark Souls II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dark_Souls_II', 'summary': 'Dark Souls II [ a ] is an action role-playing game developed by FromSoftware and published by Bandai Namco Games . The third game in the Souls series , it was released for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Although both are set in the same universe , there is no direct story connection between the first Dark Souls and the sequel . The game uses dedicated multiplayer servers . Taking place in the kingdom of Drangleic , the game features both player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) gameplay , in addition to having some co-op components . As in the earlier games in the series , it again features challenging gameplay , but with a more powerful graphics engine and more advanced artificial intelligence system . After some initial delays , the game was released worldwide in March 2014 , with the Microsoft Windows version being released on April 24 , 2014 . An updated version of the game , subtitled Scholar of the First Sin , was released for PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One and Microsoft Windows in April 2015 . The title is a compilation of the original game and all of its downloadable content with upgraded graphics , expanded online multiplayer capacity , and various other changes . A sequel , Dark Souls III , was released in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 11 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88.95%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dark Souls II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dark_Souls_II', 'summary': 'Dark Souls II [ a ] is an action role-playing game developed by FromSoftware and published by Bandai Namco Games . The third game in the Souls series , it was released for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Although both are set in the same universe , there is no direct story connection between the first Dark Souls and the sequel . The game uses dedicated multiplayer servers . Taking place in the kingdom of Drangleic , the game features both player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) gameplay , in addition to having some co-op components . As in the earlier games in the series , it again features challenging gameplay , but with a more powerful graphics engine and more advanced artificial intelligence system . After some initial delays , the game was released worldwide in March 2014 , with the Microsoft Windows version being released on April 24 , 2014 . An updated version of the game , subtitled Scholar of the First Sin , was released for PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One and Microsoft Windows in April 2015 . The title is a compilation of the original game and all of its downloadable content with upgraded graphics , expanded online multiplayer capacity , and various other changes . A sequel , Dark Souls III , was released in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 11 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': '91/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88.3%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Out of the Park Baseball 15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Out_of_the_Park_Baseball', 'summary': "Out of the Park Baseball , abbreviated as OOTP , is a text-based baseball simulation for career , historical , and fictional play . OOTP was originally written in 1998 , when lead developer Markus Heinsohn sought to combine realistic replay baseball simulation with career play to satisfy hardcore fans and casual gamers alike . A friend of mine brought home a bat and a glove from a trip to Miami , so we started hitting tennis balls into the neighbor 's gardens . That was in 1991 , Heinsohn told Inside Mac Games in a July 2012 interview . We then formed a baseball club and started playing in organized baseball leagues in 1994 . In the meantime I played all sorts of baseball computer games , but there was no management-related game that I liked , so in 1998 I decided to simply develop my own game , just for fun . When it was done in 1999 , I figured it was probably good enough to earn some money with it , and that 's when it all started . Starting with OOTP 16 , the game has licenses for Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball . The license covers historical MLB teams too . The mobile version is covered by the license too , and was renamed from iOOTP Baseball to MLB Manager . In September 2013 , OOTP Developments branched out into ice hockey with the release of Franchise Hockey Manager , which features 23 leagues , including the NHL , KHL , and many others . In January 2014 , the company announced that an American football sim named Beyond the Sideline Football was in development with a release date to be announced ."}]}, {'value': 'Out of the Park Developments', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Out_of_the_Park_Developments', 'summary': 'Out of the Park Developments GmbH & Co.KG is a German video game developer based in Hollern-Twielenfleth . Founded by Markus Heinsohn and Andreas Raht in 1999 , the studio specialises in text sim-style sports games , and as produced notable franchises , such as Out of the Park Baseball and Franchise Hockey Manager .'}]}, {'value': 'April 24 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': '89/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.71%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Velocity 2X', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Velocity_2X', 'summary': "Velocity 2X is a shoot 'em up video game developed and published by FuturLab for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita . The developers signed with Sony to create titles for the Vita in 2012 , as a result of success of the first game ."}]}, {'value': 'FuturLab', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 2 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation Vita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_Vita', 'summary': "The PlayStation Vita ( also known as the PS Vita or simply Vita ) is a handheld video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on December 17 , 2011 , and in North America , Europe , and other international territories beginning on February 22 , 2012 . The console is the successor to the PlayStation Portable , and a part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices ; as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles , it primarily competed with the Nintendo 3DS . The original model of the handheld includes a 5-inch ( 130 mm ) OLED multi-touch capacitive touchscreen , two analog joysticks , and front and shoulder push-button input , and supports Bluetooth , Wi-Fi , and optional 3G . Internally , the Vita features a quad-core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor and a quad-core SGX543MP graphics processing unit . The PS Vita 2000 series , a revised version of the system , was released across 2013 and 2014 , sports all of the same features with a slightly smaller size , extended battery life , and an LCD screen replacing the OLED display . Sony also released the PlayStation TV , a short-lived , re-purposed version of the Vita that allowed for the play of PS Vita games on a television screen similar to a home video game console , though the PS TV variant was discontinued by the end of 2015 . The system 's design was created to meld the experience of big budget , dedicated video game platforms with the then up-and-coming trend of mobile gaming through smart phones and tablets . However , in the year after the device 's successful launch , sales of the hardware and its bigger budget games stalled , threatening to end its lifespan . A concentrated effort to attract smaller independent developers in the West , combined with strong support from mid-level Japanese companies , helped keep the platform afloat . While this led to less diversity in its game library , it did garner strong support in JRPGs and visual novels , alongside a wealth of Western-developed indie games , leading it to become a moderate seller in Japan , and build a smaller , yet passionate userbase in the West . While Sony has not released exact sales figures , late-lifespan estimates in sales fall around 15 to 16 million units ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.56%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rayman Legends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rayman_Legends', 'summary': "Rayman Legends is a platform video game developed by Ubisoft Montpellier and published by Ubisoft . It is the fifth main title in the Rayman series and the direct sequel to the 2011 game Rayman Origins . The game was released for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , Wii U , and PlayStation Vita platforms in August and September 2013 . PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions were released in February 2014 . A Nintendo Switch port , titled Rayman Legends Definitive Edition was released in North America , Europe and Australia on September 12 , 2017 . Rayman Legends was announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2012 for Wii U and was planned for release during the console 's launch window . However , the game was delayed and released several months later on multiple platforms , due to the financial failure of ZombiU . Rayman Legends received critical acclaim upon release . Critics praised the game 's visuals , level design , controls , soundtrack , overall gameplay , and the large amount of content . Some critics went as far as calling Rayman Legends one of the best platforming video games ever made , and the game won several awards from video gaming publications . The game experienced sluggish sales at the beginning of its release , but sold well and contributed to the company 's earnings just a year after ."}]}, {'value': 'Ubisoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ubisoft', 'summary': "Ubisoft Entertainment SA ( /ˈjuːbisɒft , -sɔːft/ ; French : [ ybisɔft ] ; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA ) is a French video game company headquartered in Montreuil with several development studios across the world . It publishes games for several video game franchises , including Assassin 's Creed , Far Cry , Just Dance , Prince of Persia , Rayman , Raving Rabbids , and Tom Clancy 's . As of March 2018 , Ubisoft is the fourth largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe in terms of revenue and market capitalisation , after Activision Blizzard , Electronic Arts , and Take-Two Interactive ."}]}, {'value': 'February 18 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_4', 'summary': "The PlayStation 4 ( officially abbreviated as PS4 ) is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia , and on February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the most powerful APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( Remote Play ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( Share Play ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 High-dynamic-range video and playback of 4K resolution multimedia . The PlayStation 4 was released to critical acclaim , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embracing independent game development , and for not imposing the restrictive digital rights management schemes like those originally announced by Microsoft for the Xbox One . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as significant and obvious . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of September 2019 , over 102 million PlayStation 4 consoles had been shipped worldwide , surpassing lifetime sales of the PlayStation 3 . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 Slim , a smaller version of the console ; and a high-end version called the PlayStation 4 Pro , which features an upgraded GPU and a higher CPU clock rate to support enhanced performance and 4K resolution in supported games ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.45%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metro Redux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro_2033_(video_game)', 'summary': "Metro 2033 is a first-person shooter survival horror video game developed by 4A Games and published by THQ . It was released in 2010 for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows . The story is based on Dmitry Glukhovsky 's novel of the same title , and is set in the ruins of Moscow following a nuclear war , where the survivors are forced to live in underground Metro tunnels . Players control Artyom , a man who must save his home station from the dangers lurking within the Metro . Metro 2033 is played from a first-person perspective . Players encounter human and mutant enemies , who can be killed with a variety of firearms ; alternatively , players can employ stealth to evade or silently kill enemies . Ammunition and other necessary items must be either scavenged from the bodies of dead enemies , or purchased from vendors . Some areas of the metro tunnels , in addition to the Earth 's surface , are covered in fallout radiation , and the player must wear a gas mask to explore these areas . If the gas mask is worn while in combat , it may be damaged , and the player must quickly find a replacement before they die . Metro 2033 received positive reviews from critics . The game was praised for its horror elements , detailed environments and appealing plot , but it was criticized for its buggy artificial intelligence and its many graphical issues . A sequel , Metro : Last Light , was released in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Deep Silver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koch_Media', 'summary': "Koch Media GmbH is a German-Austrian media company headquartered in Höfen , Tyrol , Austria , with an operating subsidiary based in Planegg , Germany . The company was founded in 1994 by Franz Koch and Klemens Kundratitz . The company operates video game publishing labels Deep Silver and Ravenscourt , the video game developers Warhorse Studios and Milestone , as well as a film distribution arm , Koch Films . Koch Media 's parent company , Koch Media Holding , was acquired by Swedish holding company THQ Nordic AB ( now known as Embracer Group ) in February 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 25 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.2%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Binding of Isaac : Rebirth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Binding_of_Isaac:_Rebirth', 'summary': "The Binding of Isaac : Rebirth is an indie roguelike video game designed by Edmund McMillen and developed and published by Nicalis . Rebirth was released for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux , PlayStation 4 , and PlayStation Vita in November 2014 , and for Xbox One , New Nintendo 3DS , and Wii U in July 2015 . After an initial rejection due to its controversial content , Nicalis released Rebirth on iOS on January 11 , 2017 . A version for the Nintendo Switch was released on March 17 , 2017 . Rebirth is a remake of The Binding of Isaac , which was developed by McMillen and Florian Himsl and released in 2011 as an Adobe Flash application . This platform had limitations and led McMillen to work with Nicalis to produce Rebirth with a more-advanced game engine , which in turn enabled the substantial addition of new content and gameplay features . Two expansions have been released , Afterbirth and Afterbirth+ , in October 2015 and January 2017 , respectively , with more game content and gameplay modes ; Afterbirth+ also added support for user-created content . A third expansion , Repentance , was announced in September 2018 . Similar to the original Binding of Isaac , the plot is based on the biblical story of the same name and was inspired by McMillen 's religious upbringing . The player controls the eponymous Isaac , a young boy whose mother , convinced that she is doing God 's work , strips him of everything and locks him in his room . When Isaac 's mother is about to sacrifice him , he escapes to the basement and fights through random , roguelike dungeons . The player defeats monsters , using Isaac 's tears as projectiles , and collects items which modify his attributes and abilities , potentially creating powerful combinations ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicalis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicalis', 'summary': 'Nicalis , Inc. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Santa Ana , California . The company focuses primarily on indie games and has developed and published both original games as well as ports of existing games . Nicalis was founded in 2007 by Tyrone Rodriguez , a former editor for IGN .'}]}, {'value': 'November 4 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Microsoft Windows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}]}, {'value': '86/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.2%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Child of Light', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Child_of_Light', 'summary': "Child of Light is a platforming role-playing video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows , the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Wii U , Xbox 360 and Xbox One in April 2014 , and was released on PlayStation Vita in July 2014 . The game was later released on Nintendo Switch on 11 October 2018 ; the announcement of this release also teased a sequel . It is powered by UbiArt Framework . The game 's story takes place in the fictional land of Lemuria . Aurora , a child who wakes up in Lemuria after dying from a mysterious illness , must bring back the sun , the moon , and the stars that are all being held captive by the Queen of the Night in order to return home . The game received critical acclaim , with particular praise for its visuals , presentation , gameplay , soundtrack and story ."}]}, {'value': 'Ubisoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ubisoft', 'summary': "Ubisoft Entertainment SA ( /ˈjuːbisɒft , -sɔːft/ ; French : [ ybisɔft ] ; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA ) is a French video game company headquartered in Montreuil with several development studios across the world . It publishes games for several video game franchises , including Assassin 's Creed , Far Cry , Just Dance , Prince of Persia , Rayman , Raving Rabbids , and Tom Clancy 's . As of March 2018 , Ubisoft is the fourth largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe in terms of revenue and market capitalisation , after Activision Blizzard , Electronic Arts , and Take-Two Interactive ."}]}, {'value': 'April 29 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': '89/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90%', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guacamelee ! Super Turbo Championship Edition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guacamelee!', 'summary': 'Guacamelee ! is a Metroidvania action platforming video game developed and published by DrinkBox Studios . The game was released for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita in April 2013 , and was later ported to Microsoft Windows in August 2013 , and to OS X and Linux in February 2014 . An enhanced edition was released for Wii U , Windows , PlayStation 4 , Xbox One , and Xbox 360 in July 2014 , and later on the Nintendo Switch in October 2018 . The game draws its inspiration from traditional Mexican culture and folklore . A sequel , Guacamelee ! 2 , was announced in October 2017 initially for the PlayStation 4 , which includes four player co-operative gameplay . The sequel was released on August 21 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'DrinkBox Studios', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DrinkBox_Studios', 'summary': 'DrinkBox Studios Inc. is a Canadian video game developer based in Toronto . The company was founded in April 2008 by Chris Harvey , Ryan MacLean and Graham Smith , three programmers previously employed by Pseudo Interactive , which closed earlier that year . DrinkBox is best known for the Guacamelee ! series of games .'}]}, {'value': 'July 2 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wii U', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wii_U', 'summary': "The Wii U ( /ˌwiː ˈjuː/ WEE YOO ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo as the successor to the Wii . Released in late 2012 , it is the first eighth-generation video game console and competed with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Sony 's PlayStation 4 . The Wii U is the first Nintendo console to support HD graphics . The system 's primary controller is the Wii U GamePad , which features an embedded touchscreen , directional buttons , analog sticks , and action buttons . The screen can be used either as a supplement to the main display or in supported games to play the game directly on the GamePad . The Wii U Pro Controller can be used in its place as a more traditional alternative . The Wii U is backward compatible with all Wii software and accessories . Games can support any combination of the GamePad , Wii Remote , Nunchuk , Balance Board , or Nintendo 's Classic Controller or Wii U Pro Controller . Online functionality centers around the Nintendo Network platform and Miiverse , an integrated social networking service which allows users to share content in game-specific communities . The Wii U was met with a generally positive reception , which included praise for its innovative GamePad controller , improvements to online functionality over the Wii , backwards compatibility with existing Wii software and peripherals , and relative affordability . However , the Wii U was also criticized for the GamePad 's short battery life and issues with the console 's user interface and functionality . The Wii U was met with slow consumer adoption , with low sales that were primarily credited to a weak lineup of launch titles , limited third-party support , and poor marketing ."}]}, {'value': '90/100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88.86%', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Critically acclaimed titles', 'section_text': 'Metacritic ( MC ) and GameRankings ( GR ) are aggregators of video game journalism reviews .', 'uid': '2014_in_video_gaming_1', 'intro': 'The year 2014 saw a number of events in the video game industry. No new major consoles were released, but updates and upgrades were: the New Nintendo 3DS was released in Japan and Oceania, and Sony released new model 2000 PS Vita systems in Europe & North America. In video game-related corporate acquisitions, Amazon purchased the online video game streaming service Twitch, and Facebook acquired the virtual reality company and product Oculus. Nintendo released Amiibo in 2014, companion figurines that could be scanned by the 3DS and WiiU systems. On Twitter and other Internet social media, the Gamergate controversy began. Among video games originally released in 2014, critics gave the highest reviews to Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, Dark Souls II, Bayonetta 2, Shovel Knight, Velocity 2X, Dragon Age: Inquisition, Mario Kart 8, and Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft. Other significant games that won awards included Destiny, Middle-Earth: Shadow of Mordor, and Monument Valley.'}
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For the video games with a GR score between 91 % and 92 % , where is the publisher of the earliest released game based ?
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Irvine , California
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0314d86d5c41979a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_military_bases', 'title': 'List of Brazilian military bases', 'header': ['Location', 'State', 'ICAO', 'Base/Airport name'], 'data': [{'value': 'Anápolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anápolis', 'summary': 'Anápolis is a Brazilian municipality of the State of Goiás . It is located between two capitals , the federal capital Brasília and state capital Goiânia . It is the third most populous city in the state , with 361 991 inhabitants according to an estimate by the Brazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics in 2012 . It is an important industrial and logistics center in the Brazilian Central-West . Its GDP is R $ 10 billion , approximately US $ 4.4 billion , which makes it the second largest in the state . The city became an industrial power after the implementation of its Industrial District in 1970 .'}]}, {'value': 'Goiás', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goiás', 'summary': "Goiás ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ɡojˈjas ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil , located in the Center-West region of the country . The name Goiás ( formerly , Goyaz ) comes from the name of an indigenous community . The original word seems to have been guaiá , a compound of gua e iá , meaning the same person or people of the same origin . It borders the Federal District and the states of ( from north clockwise ) Tocantins , Bahia , Minas Gerais , Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso . The most populous state of its region , Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões ( plateaus ) . In the height of the drought season , from June to September , the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost 2 kilometres ( 1.2 mi ) of beaches , making it the main attraction of the State . At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros , it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region . At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the attractions are the canyons , valleys , rapids and waterfalls . Other attractions are the historical city of Goiás ( or Old Goiás ) , 132 km ( 82 mi ) from Goiânia , established in the beginning of 18th Century , and Caldas Novas , with its hot water wells attracting more than one million tourists per year . In Brazil 's geoeconomic division , Goiás belongs to the Centro-Sul ( Center-South ) , being the northernmost state of the southern portion of Brazil ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anápolis Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belém', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belém', 'summary': "Belém ( [ beˈlẽj ] ; Portuguese for Bethlehem ) is a Brazilian city with 2,491,052 people residing in its Metropolitan Region . The capital city itself has 1,485,732 inhabitants ( for more details on its population see in Demographics below ) . It is the capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country 's north . It is the gateway to the Amazon River with a busy port , airport , and bus/coach station . Belém lies approximately 100 km upriver from the Atlantic Ocean , on the Pará River , which is part of the greater Amazon River system , separated from the larger part of the Amazon delta by Ilha de Marajó ( Marajo Island ) . With an estimated population of 1,439,561 people - or 2,249,405 , considering its metropolitan area - it is the 11th most populous city in Brazil , as well as the 16th by economic relevance . It is the second largest in the North Region , second only to Manaus , in the state of Amazonas . Founded in 1616 by the Kingdom of Portugal , Belém was the first European colony on the Amazon but did not become part of Brazil until 1775 . The newer part of the city has modern buildings and skyscrapers . The colonial portion retains the charm of tree-filled squares , churches and traditional blue tiles . The city has a rich history and architecture from colonial times . Recently it witnessed a skyscraper boom ."}]}, {'value': 'Pará', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pará', 'summary': "Pará is a State of Brazil , located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River . It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá , Maranhão , Tocantins , Mato Grosso , Amazonas and Roraima . To the northwest are the borders of Guyana and Suriname , to the northeast of Pará is the Atlantic Ocean . The capital and largest city is Belém , which is located at the mouth of the Amazon . Pará is the most populous state of the northern region , with a population of over 7.5 million , being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil . It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area , with 1.2 million km² ( 460,000 square miles ) , second only to Amazonas upriver . Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest . Pará produces rubber ( extracted from natural rubber tree groves ) , tropical hardwoods such as mahogany , and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite . A new commodity crop is soy , cultivated in the region of Santarém . Every October , Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year 's most important religious celebration : the procession of the Círio de Nazaré . Another important attraction of the capital is the Marajó-style ceramics , based on the extinct Marajoara culture , which developed on an island in the Amazon River ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belém Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boa Vista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Roraima', 'summary': "Boa Vista ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈbo ( w.w ) ɐ ˈvistɐ ] , Good View ) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Roraima . Situated on the western bank of the Branco River , the city lies 220 km ( 140 mi ) from Brazil 's border with Venezuela . It is the only Brazilian state capital located entirely north of the equator . Boa Vista is the most populous municipality in the state of Roraima ; approximately half of the population of the state lives in the city . Commerce mostly occurs with Manaus , the capital of the State of Amazonas . Business also takes place between Boa Vista and with the cities of Lethem , in Guyana and Santa Elena de Uairén , in Venezuela . These two foreign cities are the only major cities that can be accessed from Boa Vista by road , although roads connect other smaller state municipalities with the capital city . Travel by airplane is the only means of transportation with other regions of the country . As a modern city , Boa Vista stands out among the other capitals of the North Region of Brazil as it is a planned city with a radial plan . It was planned by the architect Darci Aleixo Derenusson who based his design for the city on one that is similar to that of Paris , France . [ citation needed ] The city was built under the direction of Captain Ene Garcez , the first governor of Roraima ."}]}, {'value': 'Roraima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roraima', 'summary': 'Roraima ( Pemon : roro imã , parrot mountain i.e . Green Peak , Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁoˈɾajmɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil , located in the Amazon region . It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará and the countries of Venezuela and Guyana . The population is approximately 450,000 ( as of 2010 ) , and the capital is Boa Vista . Roraima has fifteen municipalities , the fewest of any Brazilian state .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boa Vista Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brasília', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brasília', 'summary': "Brasília ( /brəˈzɪliə/ , Portuguese : [ bɾaˈziljɐ ] ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District . The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country 's center-western region . It was founded on April 21 , 1960 , to serve as the new national capital . Brasília is estimated to be Brazil 's third-most populous city . Among major Latin American cities , it has the highest GDP per capita . Brasília was planned and developed by Lúcio Costa , Oscar Niemeyer and Joaquim Cardozo in 1956 in a scheme to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central location . The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx . The city 's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities , such as the Hotel Sector , the Banking Sector , and the Embassy Sector . Brasília was chosen as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its modernist architecture and uniquely artistic urban planning . It was named City of Design by UNESCO in October 2017 and has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then . All three branches of Brazil 's federal government are centered in the city : executive , legislative and judiciary . Brasília also hosts 124 foreign embassies ."}]}, {'value': 'Federal District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazilian_Federal_District', 'summary': 'The Federal District ( Portuguese : Distrito Federal [ d͡ʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaṷ ] ( listen ) ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil . Located in the Center-West Region , it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities , being divided into 31 administrative regions , totaling an area of 5,802 km² . In its territory , is located the federal capital of Brazil , Brasília , that is also the seat of government of the Federal District .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brasília Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campo Grande', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campo_Grande', 'summary': "Campo Grande ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈkɐ̃pu ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi ] , [ a ] lit . Great Field ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul in the Center-West region of the country . The city is nicknamed Cidade Morena ( Swarthy City in Portuguese ) because of the reddish-brown colour of the region 's soil . It has a population of 796,252 , according to a 2011 IBGE estimate , while its metropolitan area is home to 991,420 people ( 2010 ) . [ citation needed ] The region where the city is located was in the past a waypoint for travellers who wanted to go from São Paulo or Minas Gerais to northern Mato Grosso by land . In the early 1900s a railway was completed connecting Campo Grande to Corumbá , on the Bolivian border , and to Bauru , São Paulo . Also in the beginning of the 20th century , the Western Brazilian Army Headquarters was established in Campo Grande , making it an important military center . With a population growth from 140,000 people in 1970 to 750,000 people in 2008 , Campo Grande is the third largest urban center of the Center-West region , and the 23rd largest city in the country . In 1977 , the State of Mato Grosso was split into two , and Campo Grande became the capital of the new state of Mato Grosso do Sul , comprising the southern portion of the former state . By that time , Campo Grande had long surpassed the latter 's capital city of Cuiabá in population , which is unusual in Brazil , where most capitals are also the states ' largest cities . Today , the city has its own culture , which is a mixture of several ethnic groups , most notably immigrants from the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa , Middle Easterners , Armenians , Portuguese people , Germans , Italians , Spaniards , and Paraguayans , finally mixed with Asian and White Brazilians from the Brazilian Southern and Southeast regions , its native Amerindian peoples and Afro-Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'Mato Grosso do Sul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul', 'summary': 'Mato Grosso do Sul ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu du ˈsuw ] ) is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil . Its total area of 357,125 square kilometers , or 137,891 square miles , is roughly the same size as Germany . Neighboring Brazilian states are ( from north clockwise ) Mato Grosso , Goiás , Minas Gerais , São Paulo and Paraná . It also borders the countries of Paraguay , to the southwest , and Bolivia , to the west . The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and cattle-raising . Crossed in the south by the Tropic of Capricorn , Mato Grosso do Sul generally has a warm , sometimes hot , and humid climate , and is crossed by numerous tributaries of the Paraná River . The state is also known for its natural environment , and is a destination for domestic and international tourism . The Pantanal lowlands cover 12 municipalities and presents a variety of flora and fauna , with forests , natural sand banks , savannahs , open pasture , fields and bushes . The city Bonito , in the mountain of Bodoquena , has prehistoric caves , natural rivers , waterfalls , swimming pools and the Blue Lake cave . The name Mato Grosso do Sul is Portuguese for Thick Bushes of the South ; the name is inherited from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso , of which it was part until the 1970s . It is not uncommon for people to mistakenly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply Mato Grosso . Other names that were proposed , at the time of the split and afterwards , include Pantanal ( a reference to its best known geographical feature ) and Maracaju ( a reference to the Maracaju Mountain Range that crosses the state from north to south ) .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campo Grande Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canoas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoas', 'summary': "Canoas ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kaˈnoɐs ] ) , which earned city status in 1939 , is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul . With more than 340,000 inhabitants , it is part of the Porto Alegre conurbation and has the second highest GDP in the state . It is also the fourth largest city in the state by population . Canoas boasts a strong manufacturing-based economy and is the home of the Canoas Air Force Base , used by the Brazilian Air Force . According to the IBGE , Brazil 's Geography and Statistics Institute , Canoas currently has no rural areas , but it started as a village of large landowners . The first of them was conquistador Francisco Pinto Bandeira , who received from the Portuguese Crown , in 1740 , an area north of the Gravataí River . History has that 1871 was the beginning of the village of Canoas , when the first section of the railway that would link Porto Alegre to São Leopoldo was inaugurated . Canoas was then part of the municipalities of Gravataí and São Sebastião do Caí . Soon large farms would lose space to small properties . After obtaining city status , Canoas experienced rapid growth , especially after 1945 . At that time , it would be called a cidade-dormitório ( Portuguese for bedroom city ) , because thousands of people would commute to neighboring Porto Alegre to work . However , de-industrialisation in Porto Alegre , the setting-up of numerous manufacturing plants in Canoas and a strong demographic growth have reverted that situation and nowadays Canoas has a per capita GDP higher than Porto Alegre ."}]}, {'value': 'Rio Grande do Sul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul', 'summary': 'Rio Grande do Sul ( UK : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrændi duː ˈsʊl/ , US : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrɑːndi duː ˈsuːl/ , Portuguese : [ ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi du ˈsuw ] ( listen ) ; [ a ] lit . Great Southern River ) is a state in the southern region of Brazil . It is the fifth-most-populous state and the ninth largest by area . Located in the southernmost part of the country , Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina to the north and northeast , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the Uruguayan departments of Rocha , Treinta y Tres , Cerro Largo , Rivera and Artigas to the south and southwest , and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones to the west and northwest . The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre . The state has the highest life expectancy in Brazil , and the crime rate is relatively low compared to Brazilian national average . Despite the high standard of living , unemployment is still high and according to census data , it is one of the most difficult states in Brazil for foreigners to find jobs . The state has a gaucho culture like its foreign neighbors . It was originally inhabited by Guarani people . The first Europeans there were Jesuits , followed by settlers from the Azores . In the 19th century it was the scene of conflicts including the Farroupilha Revolution and the Paraguayan War . Large waves of German and Italian migration have shaped the state .'}]}, {'value': 'SBCO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canoas Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canoas_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Canoas Air Force Base - BACO ( ICAO : SBCO ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Canoas , Brazil .'}]}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Santa Catarina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)', 'summary': "Santa Catarina ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈsɐ̃tɐ kataˈɾinɐ ] ( listen ) , Saint Catherine ) is a state in the South Region of Brazil . It is the 7th smallest state in total area and the 11th most populous . Additionally , it is the 9th largest settlement , with 295 municipalities . Catholicism is the religion of the majority of the population . The official language , as in other Brazilian federative units , is the Portuguese language . The state covers an area of 95,733 km2 ( 36,813.366 sq mi ) , reaching a larger area than Portugal or the sum of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro , Espirito Santo , and the Federal District . Santa Catarina is bordered by Paraná to the north , Rio Grande do Sul to the south , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , and to the west by the Argentine province of Misiones . The coastal path is over 450 km , i.e. , about half of Portugal 's mainland coast . The host city of the state executive , legislative and judiciary powers is the capital Florianópolis . Joinville , however , is the most populous city in the state . Besides Espírito Santo , Santa Catarina is the only state whose capital is not the most populous city . South of the Tropic of Capricorn , situated in the planet 's southern temperate zone , the state has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) in the east and west and an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) in the center ."}]}, {'value': 'SBFL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florianópolis Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Florianópolis Air Force Base - BAFL ( IATA : FLN , ICAO : SBFL ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Florianópolis , Brazil . It shares some facilities with Florianópolis-Hercílio Luz International Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Fortaleza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fortaleza', 'summary': "Fortaleza ( [ foʁtaˈlezɐ ] , locally [ fɔɦtaˈlezɐ ] , Portuguese for Fortress ) is the state capital of Ceará , located in Northeastern Brazil . It belongs to the Metropolitan mesoregion of Fortaleza and microregion of Fortaleza . It is Brazil 's 5th largest city and the twelfth richest city in the country in GDP . It also has the third richest metropolitan area in the North and Northeast regions . It is an important industrial and commercial center of Brazil , the nation 's eighth largest municipality in purchasing power . According to the Ministry of Tourism , the city reached the mark of second most desired destination of Brazil and fourth among Brazilian cities in tourists received . The BR-116 , the most important highway of the country , starts in Fortaleza . The municipality is part of the Common Market of Mercosur Cities , and also the Brazilian state capital which is closest to Europe , 5608 km ( 3484 miles ) from Lisbon , Portugal . To the north of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean ; to the south are the municipalities of Pacatuba , Eusébio , Maracanaú and Itaitinga ; to the east is the municipality of Aquiraz and the Atlantic Ocean ; and to the west is the municipality of Caucaia . Residents of the city are known as Fortalezenses . Fortaleza is one of the three leading cities in the Northeast region together with Recife and Salvador ."}]}, {'value': 'Ceará', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceará', 'summary': "Ceará ( [ seaˈɾa ] ( listen ) , locally in Ceará or in Northeast Region of Brazil the pronunciation is [ sɪaˈɾa ] ) is one of the 27 states of Brazil , located in the northeastern part of the country , on the Atlantic coast . It is the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area . It is also one of the main tourist destinations in Brazil . The state capital is the city of Fortaleza , the country 's fourth most populous city . Literally , the name Ceará means sings the jandaia . According to José de Alencar , one of the most important writers of Brazil and an authority in Tupi Guaraní , Ceará means turquoise or green waters . There are also theories that the state name would derive from Siriará , a reference to the crabs from the seashore . The state is best known for its extensive coastline , with 600 kilometers ( 370 mi ) of sand . There are also mountains and valleys producing tropical fruits . To the south , on the border of Paraíba , Pernambuco and Piauí , is the National Forest of Araripe ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fortaleza Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manaus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manaus', 'summary': "Manaus ( /mɑːˈnaʊs/ ; Portuguese : [ mɐˈnaws , mɐˈnawʃ ] ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas . It is the seventh-largest city in Brazil , with an estimated 2019 population of 2,182,763 distributed over a land area of about 4,401.97 square miles ( 11,401 km2 ) . Located at the east center of the state , the city is the center of the Manaus metropolitan area and the largest metropolitan area in the North Region of Brazil by urban landmass . It is situated near the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers . The city was founded in 1669 as the Fort of São José do Rio Negro . It was elevated to a town in 1832 with the name of Manaus , an altered spelling of the indigenous Manaós peoples , and legally transformed into a city on October 24 , 1848 , with the name of Cidade da Barra do Rio Negro , Portuguese for The City of the Margins of the Black River . On September 4 , 1856 it returned to its original name . Manaus is located in the center of the world 's largest rainforest , and home to the National Institute of Amazonian Research , being the most important center for scientific studies in the Amazon region and for international sustainability issues . It was known at the beginning of the century , as Heart of the Amazon and City of the Forest . Currently its main economic engine is the Industrial Park of Manaus , a Free Economic Zone . The city has a free port and an international airport . Its manufactures include electronics , chemical products , and soap ; there are distilling and ship construction industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Amazonas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)', 'summary': "Amazonas ( [ ɐmɐˈzõnɐs ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil , located in the North Region in the northwestern corner of the country . It is the largest Brazilian state by area and the 9th largest country subdivision in the world , and is greater than the areas of Uruguay , Paraguay , and Chile combined . Mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere , it is the third largest country subdivision in the Southern Hemisphere after the Australian states of Western Australia and Queensland . It would be the sixteenth largest country in land area , slightly larger than Mongolia . Neighbouring states are ( from the north clockwise ) Roraima , Pará , Mato Grosso , Rondônia , and Acre . It also borders the nations of Peru , Colombia and Venezuela . This includes the Departments of Amazonas , Vaupés and Guainía in Colombia , as well as the Amazonas state in Venezuela , and the Loreto Region in Peru . Amazonas is named after the Amazon River , and was formerly part of the Spanish Empire 's Viceroyalty of Peru , a region called Spanish Guyana . It was settled by the Portuguese moving northwest from Brazil in the early 18th century and incorporated into the Portuguese empire after the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 . It became a state under the First Brazilian Republic in 1889 . Most of the state is tropical jungle ; cities are clustered along navigable waterways and are accessible only by boat or plane . The capital and largest city is Manaus , a modern city of 2.1 million inhabitants in the middle of the jungle on the Amazon River 1,500 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean ."}]}, {'value': 'SBMN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manaus Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manaus_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Manaus Air Force Base - BAMN ( IATA : PLL , ICAO : SBMN ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force located in Manaus , Brazil . It was created in 1970 and between 1970 and 1976 public facilities of Ponta Pelada Airport were shared with the military facilities of Manaus Air Force Base . In 1976 , with the opening of Eduardo Gomes International Airport , all public operations were transferred to the new airport . Ponta Pelada Airport was then renamed Manaus Air Force Base and since then it handles exclusively military operations .'}]}, {'value': 'Natal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natal,_Rio_Grande_do_Norte', 'summary': "Natal ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ naˈtaw ] ) is the capital and largest city of the state Rio Grande do Norte , located in northeastern Brazil . According to IBGE 's July 2018 report , the city had a total population of 877,640 , while Greater Natal had 1,485,505 inhabitants . The implementation of the Via Costeira ( Coastal Highway ) , 10 km ( 6.2 miles ) long avenue along the shore and the dunes , was the true starting point for the beginning of tourist activity in the State in the 1980s . The main hotels are concentrated along Via Costeira . Natal has several tourist attractions and is known for its natural environment ( such as the waters of Maracajaú and the largest cashew tree in the world ) , for its historical monuments and buildings ( e.g . Forte dos Reis Magos , the Alberto Maranhão Theatre and Newton Navarro Bridge ) , for its beaches ( such as Ponta Negra , Pipa and Genipabu ) and also for its off-season carnival , the Carnatal . The city also boasts the second largest urban park in Brazil , the Natal Dunes State Park . It is the closest state capital of Brazil to Africa and Europe . The Greater Natal International Airport connects Natal with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights . The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Rio Grande do Norte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte', 'summary': "Rio Grande do Norte ( UK : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrændi duː ˈnɔːrti/ , US : /- ˌɡrɑːn-/ , Portuguese : [ ˈɦi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃di du ˈnɔhti̥ ] ( listen ) ; [ a ] lit . Great Northern River , in reference to the mouth of the Potengi River ) is one of the states of Brazil , located in the northeastern region of the country , occupying the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent . Because of its geographic position , Rio Grande do Norte has a strategic importance . The capital and largest city is Natal . It is the land of the folklorist Luís da Câmara Cascudo . Its 410 km ( 254 mi ) of sand , much sun , coconut palms and lagoons are responsible for the fame of beaches . Rocas Atoll , the only such feature in the Atlantic Ocean , is part of the state . The main economic activity is tourism , followed by the extraction of petroleum ( the second largest producer in the country ) , agriculture , fruit growing and extraction of minerals , including considerable production of seasalt , among other economic activities . The state is famous for having many popular attractions such as the Cashew of Pirangi ( the world 's largest cashew tree ) , the dunes and the dromedaries of Genipabu , the famous beaches of Ponta Negra , Maracajaú and Pipa 's paradise , the Carnatal the largest off-season carnival in Brazil , the Forte dos Reis Magos is a sixteenth-century fortress , the hills and mountains of Martins , the Natal Dunes State Park the second largest urban park in the country , and several other attractions . The state is also closest to the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha . In 2000-17 the murder rate rose by 655% . In 2017 , Rio Grande do Norte was the state with the highest murder rate in Brazil : 63.9 per 100,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'SBNT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natal Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natal_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Natal Air Force Base - BANT ( Portuguese : Base Aérea de Natal ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Parnamirim , near Natal , Brazil . It shared some facilities with Augusto Severo International Airport until May 31 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Porto Velho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porto_Velho', 'summary': "Porto Velho ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈpoʁtu ˈvɛʎu ] , Old Port ) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Rondônia , in the upper Amazon River basin , and a Catholic Metropolitan Archbishopric . The population is 519,531 people ( as of the IBGE 2018 estimation ) . Located on the border of Rondônia and the state of Amazonas , the town is an important trading center for cassiterite , the mining of which represents the most important economic activity in the region , as well as a transportation and communication center . It is on the eastern shore of the Madeira River , one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River . It is also Rondônia 's largest city , and the largest state capital of Brazil by area . The municipality occupies most of the border between Amazonas and Rondônia , and is both the westernmost and northernmost city in the state ."}]}, {'value': 'Rondônia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rondônia', 'summary': 'Rondônia ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁõˈdõniɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a state in Brazil , located in the northern part of the country . To the west is a short border with the state of Acre , to the north is the state of Amazonas , in the east is Mato Grosso , and in the south and southwest is Bolivia . Its capital is Porto Velho . The state was named after Cândido Rondon .'}]}, {'value': 'SBPV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porto Velho Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porto_Velho_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Porto Velho Air Force Base - BAPV is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Porto Velho , Brazil . It shares some facilities with Porto Velho-Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Recife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Recife', 'summary': "Recife ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁeˈsifi ] ( listen ) ) is the fourth-largest urban agglomeration in Brazil with 4,054,866 inhabitants , the largest urban agglomeration of the North/Northeast Regions , and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco in the northeast corner of South America . The population of the city proper was 1,625,583 in 2016 . The first slave port in the Americas , Recife was founded in 1537 , during the early Portuguese colonization of Brazil , as the main harbor of the Captaincy of Pernambuco , known for its large scale production of sugar cane . It was the former capital Mauritsstad of the 17th century colony of New Holland of Dutch Brazil , established by the Dutch West India Company . The city is located at the confluence of the Beberibe and Capibaribe rivers before they flow into the South Atlantic Ocean . It is a major port on the Atlantic . Its name is an allusion to the stone reefs that are present by the city 's shores . The many rivers , small islands and over 50 bridges found in Recife city centre characterise its geography and led to the city being called the Brazilian Venice . As of 2010 [ update ] , it is the capital city with the highest HDI in Northeast Brazil and second highest HDI in the entire North and Northeast Brazil ( second only to Palmas ) . The Metropolitan Region of Recife is the main industrial zone of the State of Pernambuco ; major products are those derived from cane ( sugar and ethanol ) , motor vehicles , ships , oil platforms , electronics , software , and others . With fiscal incentives by the government , many industrial companies were started in the 1970s and 1980s . Recife has a tradition of being the most important commercial hub of the North/Northeastern region of Brazil , with more than 52,500 business enterprises in Recife plus 32,500 in the Metro Area , totaling more than 85,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pernambuco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pernambuco', 'summary': "Pernambuco ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ pɛʁnɐ̃ˈbuku ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil , located in the Northeast region of the country . The state of Pernambuco also includes the archipelago Fernando de Noronha . With an estimated population of 9.2 million people in 2013 , it is the seventh most populous state of Brazil , and is the sixth most densely populated and the 19th most extensive among the states and territories of the country . Its capital and largest city , Recife , is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country . As of 2013 estimates , Recife 's metropolitan area is the fifth most populous in the country , and the largest urban agglomeration in Northeast Brazil . In 1982 , the city of Olinda was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . Recife , the state capital and Olinda have one of the most traditional Brazilian Carnivals . Both have Portuguese architecture , with centuries-old casarões ( colonial houses ) and churches , kilometers of beaches and much culture . The proximity of the equator guarantees sunshine throughout the year , with average temperatures of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Recife Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ , - deɪ - , - də -/ ; Portuguese : [ ˈhi.u d ( ʒi ) ʒɐˈne ( j ) ɾu ] ( listen ) ; River of January ) , or simply Rio , is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas . Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 's third-most populous state . Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site , named Rio de Janeiro : Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea , by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape . Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . Later , in 1763 , it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808 , when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal , who subsequently , in 1815 , under the leadership of her son , the Prince Regent , and future King João VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom , within the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil , and Algarves . Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 , when the War of Brazilian Independence began . This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies . Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy , the Empire of Brazil , until 1889 , and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília . Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country , and 30th largest in the world in 2008 , estimated at about R $ 343 billion ( nearly US $ 201 billion ) . It is headquarters to Brazilian oil , mining , and telecommunications companies , including two of the country 's major corporations - Petrobras and Vale - and Latin America 's largest telemedia conglomerate , Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes , it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil , accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data ."}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu ] River of January ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil . It has the second largest economy of Brazil , with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo . The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast ( assigned by IBGE ) . Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion : Minas Gerais ( N and NW ) , Espírito Santo ( NE ) and São Paulo ( SW ) . It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean . Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km2 ( 16,855 sq mi ) . Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro , which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815 , of the following United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822 , and of later independent Brazil as a kingdom and republic from 1822 to 1960 . The state 's 22 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro , São Gonçalo , Duque de Caxias , Nova Iguaçu , Niterói , Campos dos Goytacazes , Belford Roxo , São João de Meriti , Petrópolis , Volta Redonda , Magé , Macaé , Itaboraí , Cabo Frio , Armação dos Búzios , Angra dos Reis , Nova Friburgo , Barra Mansa , Barra do Piraí , Teresópolis , Mesquita and Nilópolis . Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil . It is , however , the third most populous Brazilian state , with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 ( making it the most densely populated state in Brazil ) and has the third longest coastline in the country ( after those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão ) . In the Brazilian flag , the state is represented by Mimosa , the beta star in the Southern Cross ( β Cru ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SBGL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galeão Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galeão_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Galeão Air Force Base - BAGL ( ICAO : SBGL ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force located in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . It is named after Praia do Galeão ( Galleon Beach ) , located in front of the original passenger terminal of the airport and presently the passenger terminal of the Brazilian Air Force . It was at this beach that in 1663 the galleon Padre Eterno was built . It shares some facilities with Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ , - deɪ - , - də -/ ; Portuguese : [ ˈhi.u d ( ʒi ) ʒɐˈne ( j ) ɾu ] ( listen ) ; River of January ) , or simply Rio , is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas . Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 's third-most populous state . Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site , named Rio de Janeiro : Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea , by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape . Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . Later , in 1763 , it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808 , when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal , who subsequently , in 1815 , under the leadership of her son , the Prince Regent , and future King João VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom , within the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil , and Algarves . Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 , when the War of Brazilian Independence began . This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies . Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy , the Empire of Brazil , until 1889 , and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília . Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country , and 30th largest in the world in 2008 , estimated at about R $ 343 billion ( nearly US $ 201 billion ) . It is headquarters to Brazilian oil , mining , and telecommunications companies , including two of the country 's major corporations - Petrobras and Vale - and Latin America 's largest telemedia conglomerate , Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes , it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil , accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data ."}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu ] River of January ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil . It has the second largest economy of Brazil , with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo . The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast ( assigned by IBGE ) . Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion : Minas Gerais ( N and NW ) , Espírito Santo ( NE ) and São Paulo ( SW ) . It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean . Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km2 ( 16,855 sq mi ) . Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro , which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815 , of the following United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822 , and of later independent Brazil as a kingdom and republic from 1822 to 1960 . The state 's 22 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro , São Gonçalo , Duque de Caxias , Nova Iguaçu , Niterói , Campos dos Goytacazes , Belford Roxo , São João de Meriti , Petrópolis , Volta Redonda , Magé , Macaé , Itaboraí , Cabo Frio , Armação dos Búzios , Angra dos Reis , Nova Friburgo , Barra Mansa , Barra do Piraí , Teresópolis , Mesquita and Nilópolis . Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil . It is , however , the third most populous Brazilian state , with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 ( making it the most densely populated state in Brazil ) and has the third longest coastline in the country ( after those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão ) . In the Brazilian flag , the state is represented by Mimosa , the beta star in the Southern Cross ( β Cru ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SBSC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Santa Cruz Air Force Base - BASC ( IATA : SNZ , ICAO : SBSC ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force located in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ , - deɪ - , - də -/ ; Portuguese : [ ˈhi.u d ( ʒi ) ʒɐˈne ( j ) ɾu ] ( listen ) ; River of January ) , or simply Rio , is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas . Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 's third-most populous state . Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site , named Rio de Janeiro : Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea , by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape . Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . Later , in 1763 , it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808 , when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal , who subsequently , in 1815 , under the leadership of her son , the Prince Regent , and future King João VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom , within the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil , and Algarves . Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 , when the War of Brazilian Independence began . This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies . Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy , the Empire of Brazil , until 1889 , and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília . Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country , and 30th largest in the world in 2008 , estimated at about R $ 343 billion ( nearly US $ 201 billion ) . It is headquarters to Brazilian oil , mining , and telecommunications companies , including two of the country 's major corporations - Petrobras and Vale - and Latin America 's largest telemedia conglomerate , Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes , it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil , accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data ."}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)', 'summary': "Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu ] River of January ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil . It has the second largest economy of Brazil , with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo . The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast ( assigned by IBGE ) . Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion : Minas Gerais ( N and NW ) , Espírito Santo ( NE ) and São Paulo ( SW ) . It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean . Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km2 ( 16,855 sq mi ) . Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro , which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815 , of the following United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822 , and of later independent Brazil as a kingdom and republic from 1822 to 1960 . The state 's 22 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro , São Gonçalo , Duque de Caxias , Nova Iguaçu , Niterói , Campos dos Goytacazes , Belford Roxo , São João de Meriti , Petrópolis , Volta Redonda , Magé , Macaé , Itaboraí , Cabo Frio , Armação dos Búzios , Angra dos Reis , Nova Friburgo , Barra Mansa , Barra do Piraí , Teresópolis , Mesquita and Nilópolis . Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil . It is , however , the third most populous Brazilian state , with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 ( making it the most densely populated state in Brazil ) and has the third longest coastline in the country ( after those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão ) . In the Brazilian flag , the state is represented by Mimosa , the beta star in the Southern Cross ( β Cru ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SBAF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Afonsos Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afonsos_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Afonsos Air Force Base - BAAF ( ICAO : SBAF ) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The official name of the Base is Campo Délio Jardim de Matos ( 1916-1990 ) after a former commander of the base and Minister of the Air Force .'}]}, {'value': 'Salvador da Bahia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia', 'summary': "Salvador ( English : Savior ) , also known as São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos ( English : Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints ) , is the capital of the Brazilian state of Bahia . With 2.9 million people ( 2017 ) , it is the largest city proper in the Northeast Region and the 4th largest city proper in the country , after São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro and Brasília . Founded by the Portuguese in 1549 as the first capital of Brazil , Salvador is one of the oldest colonial cities in the Americas . A sharp escarpment divides its Lower Town ( Cidade Baixa ) from its Upper Town ( Cidade Alta ) by some 85 meters ( 279 ft ) . The Elevador Lacerda , Brazil 's first urban elevator , has connected the two since 1873 . The Pelourinho district of the upper town , still home to many examples of Portuguese colonial architecture and historical monuments , was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 . The city 's cathedral is the see of the primate of Brazil and its Carnival celebration has been reckoned as the largest party in the world . Salvador was one of the first slave ports in the Americas and the African influence of the slaves ' descendants makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian ( negro ) culture . The city is noted for its cuisine , music , dance and architecture . Porto da Barra Beach in Barra has been named one of the best beaches in the world . Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova was the site of the city 's games during the 2014 Brazilian World Cup and 2013 Confederations Cup . Salvador forms the heart of the Recôncavo , Bahia 's rich agricultural and industrial maritime district , and continues to be a major Brazilian port ."}]}, {'value': 'Bahia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahia', 'summary': "Bahia ( /bəˈhiːə/ ( listen ) ; locally [ baˈi.ɐ ] ) [ a ] is one of the 26 states of Brazil and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast . It is the 4th-largest Brazilian state by population ( after São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio de Janeiro ) and the 5th-largest by area . Bahia 's capital is the city of Salvador ( formerly known as Cidade do São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos , lit . City of Holy Saviour of All Saints Bay ) , located on a spit of land separating the Bay of All Saints from the Atlantic . Once a monarchial stronghold dominated by agricultural , slaving , and ranching interests , Bahia is now a major manufacturing center whose last four elections have been dominated by the Workers ' Party ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salvador Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Maria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul', 'summary': 'Santa Maria is a municipality ( município ) in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul , the southernmost state of Brazil . In 2017 , its population was 278,445 inhabitants in a total area of 1,823 square kilometres ( 704 sq mi ) . Santa Maria is the 5th biggest municipality in the state , and the largest in its micro-region . Santa Maria is often referred to as the heart of Rio Grande ( from Portuguese : Coração do Rio Grande ) , because the city is located in the geographical center of the State .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio Grande do Sul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul', 'summary': 'Rio Grande do Sul ( UK : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrændi duː ˈsʊl/ , US : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrɑːndi duː ˈsuːl/ , Portuguese : [ ˈʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi du ˈsuw ] ( listen ) ; [ a ] lit . Great Southern River ) is a state in the southern region of Brazil . It is the fifth-most-populous state and the ninth largest by area . Located in the southernmost part of the country , Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by Santa Catarina to the north and northeast , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the Uruguayan departments of Rocha , Treinta y Tres , Cerro Largo , Rivera and Artigas to the south and southwest , and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes and Misiones to the west and northwest . The capital and largest city is Porto Alegre . The state has the highest life expectancy in Brazil , and the crime rate is relatively low compared to Brazilian national average . Despite the high standard of living , unemployment is still high and according to census data , it is one of the most difficult states in Brazil for foreigners to find jobs . The state has a gaucho culture like its foreign neighbors . It was originally inhabited by Guarani people . The first Europeans there were Jesuits , followed by settlers from the Azores . In the 19th century it was the scene of conflicts including the Farroupilha Revolution and the Paraguayan War . Large waves of German and Italian migration have shaped the state .'}]}, {'value': 'SBSM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Maria Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Maria_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': 'Santa Maria Air Base - BASM is a base of the Brazilian Air Force , located in the city of Santa Maria , Brazil . It shares some facilities with Santa Maria Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos,_São_Paulo', 'summary': "Santos ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈsɐ̃tus ] ( listen ) , Saints ) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo , founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas . It is located mostly on the island of São Vicente , which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of São Vicente , and partially on the mainland . It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista . The population is 433,966 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 280.67 km2 ( 108.37 sq mi ) . The city is also home to the Coffee Museum , where world coffee prices were once negotiated . There is also an association football memorial , dedicated to the city 's greatest players , which includes Pelé , who played for the Santos Futebol Clube . Its beachfront garden , 5,335 m ( 5,834 yd ) in length , figures in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo_(state)', 'summary': 'São Paulo ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus . As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex , often dubbed the locomotive of Brazil , the state is responsible for 33.9% of the Brazilian GDP . São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index ( HDI ) and GDP per capita , the fourth lowest infant mortality rate , the third highest life expectancy , and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil , being by far , the safest state in the country . The homicide rate is 3.8 per 100 thousand as of 2018 , almost 1/4 of the Brazilian rate . São Paulo alone is richer than Argentina , Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia combined . The economy of São Paulo State is the most developed in Brazil . With more than 46 million inhabitants in 2019 , São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state , the most populous national subdivision in the Americas , and the third most populous political unit of South America , surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia . The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians , who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century ; of the Portuguese , who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region ; indigenous peoples , many distinct ethnic groups ; Africans , who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country . In addition , Arabs , Germans , Spanish , Japanese , Chinese , and Greeks also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population . The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC . In the early 16th century , the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators . In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas - the village of São Vicente , in the Baixada Santista .'}]}, {'value': 'SBST', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santos Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo', 'summary': "São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others ."}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo_(state)', 'summary': 'São Paulo ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus . As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex , often dubbed the locomotive of Brazil , the state is responsible for 33.9% of the Brazilian GDP . São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index ( HDI ) and GDP per capita , the fourth lowest infant mortality rate , the third highest life expectancy , and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil , being by far , the safest state in the country . The homicide rate is 3.8 per 100 thousand as of 2018 , almost 1/4 of the Brazilian rate . São Paulo alone is richer than Argentina , Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia combined . The economy of São Paulo State is the most developed in Brazil . With more than 46 million inhabitants in 2019 , São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state , the most populous national subdivision in the Americas , and the third most populous political unit of South America , surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia . The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians , who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century ; of the Portuguese , who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region ; indigenous peoples , many distinct ethnic groups ; Africans , who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country . In addition , Arabs , Germans , Spanish , Japanese , Chinese , and Greeks also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population . The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC . In the early 16th century , the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators . In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas - the village of São Vicente , in the Baixada Santista .'}]}, {'value': 'SBGR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Paulo Air Force Base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serra do Cachimbo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serra_do_Cachimbo', 'summary': 'Serra do Cachimbo ( English : Cachimbo Mountains ) is a low mountain range in Brazil , in the southern part of the state of Pará , located mostly in the municipalities of Altamira , Itaituba , Jacareacanga , and Novo Progresso . The Serra do Cachimbo complex is partly a continuous mass of mountains with a south west alignment , partly plateau with flat-bottomed valleys . Altitude ranges from 250 to 740 metres ( 820 to 2,430 ft ) above sea level . Erosion has created ridges and ravines . In the northern part there are escarpments along the transition to the peripheral depression of southern Pará , where the rivers descend in rapids and waterfalls such as the Salto do Curuá . The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve covers part of the range . The southwest of the Rio Novo National Park is dominated by the Serra do Cachimbo , rising to 500 to 650 metres ( 1,640 to 2,130 ft ) , with a sharp escarpment forming its northern face . The Iriri River and its tributaries ( notably Curuá River ) rises in the Serra do Cachimbo and flows for 900 kilometres ( 560 mi ) before joining the Xingu River . It is the main river of the 3,373,134 hectares ( 8,335,200 acres ) Terra do Meio Ecological Station . The Jamanxim River , a tributary of the Tapajós , also rises in the Serra do Cachimbo . Jamanxim , Curuá and other rivers of Serra do Cachimbo are home to many endemic fish . Several of these are threatened by habitat loss and proposed dams , although there are also a few like Phycocharax rasbora that benefit from the reservoirs created by dams .'}]}, {'value': 'Pará', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pará', 'summary': "Pará is a State of Brazil , located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River . It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá , Maranhão , Tocantins , Mato Grosso , Amazonas and Roraima . To the northwest are the borders of Guyana and Suriname , to the northeast of Pará is the Atlantic Ocean . The capital and largest city is Belém , which is located at the mouth of the Amazon . Pará is the most populous state of the northern region , with a population of over 7.5 million , being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil . It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area , with 1.2 million km² ( 460,000 square miles ) , second only to Amazonas upriver . Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest . Pará produces rubber ( extracted from natural rubber tree groves ) , tropical hardwoods such as mahogany , and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite . A new commodity crop is soy , cultivated in the region of Santarém . Every October , Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year 's most important religious celebration : the procession of the Círio de Nazaré . Another important attraction of the capital is the Marajó-style ceramics , based on the extinct Marajoara culture , which developed on an island in the Amazon River ."}]}, {'value': 'SBCC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cachimbo Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cachimbo_Airport', 'summary': 'Cachimbo Airport ( ICAO : SBCC ) is the military airport serving Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso , a large Testing and Training complex of the Brazilian Armed Forces located in Serra do Cachimbo ( English : Smoking pipe Mountains ) , in the southern part of the state of Pará , Brazil . It is operated by the Brazilian Air Force .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Air Bases -- Air Force', 'section_text': 'Operated by the Brazilian Air Force :', 'uid': 'List_of_Brazilian_military_bases_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of military bases in Brazil, sorted by location:'}
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The base that shares facilities with Florianópolis-Hercílio Luz International Airport is located in which state ?
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Santa Catarina
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03154ac122f28534
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Pakistan_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Pakistan at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shah Hussain Shah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shah_Hussain_Shah', 'summary': "Shah Hussain Shah ( 8 June 1993 , London ) is a Pakistani judoka . Shah competes in the men 's -100 kg division . As of July 2014 , he is based in Japan . Shah Hussain received honour to bear Pakistan flag at Rio Olympics . Shah will represent Pakistan in 2018 Asian Games in Indonesia ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 12 August at the Carioca Arena 2 inside the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca . Around 386 judoka competed in 14 events ( seven each for both men and women ) .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhammad Abbas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhammad_Abbas_(skier)', 'summary': "Muhammad Abbas ( Urdu : محمد عباس ) , ( born February 16 , 1986 ) is a Pakistani alpine skier who was his nation 's first competitor at the Winter Olympic Games , in 2010 . Muhammad Abbas was not expected to win any medal , but he outraced some of the other debuting skiers . A group said to be particularly interested were Pakistani Canadians . Abbas was raised in a small village in Northern Pakistan , and his first pair of skis were carved out of wood by his father . He was discovered at age 8 by a Pakistani Air Force officer ( Group Captain ( R ) Zahid Farooq ) who remains his coach . Abbas works for the Air Force , his assignment being to ski ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held in Russia from 9-22 February at Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort near Krasnaya Polyana , east of Sochi .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sohail Abbas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sohail_Abbas', 'summary': 'Sohail Abbas , ( born 9 June 1975 ) is a former captain of the Pakistan Hockey Team . He is the highest goal scorer in International field hockey with 348 International goals and widely regarded as one of the best penalty corner specialists of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Field hockey at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 29 July to 11 August at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park . On 13 November 2010 the International Hockey Federation ( FIH ) decided to allocate 12 teams for each men and women events respectively . Germany won the men 's tournament for the fourth time , and the women 's tournament was won by the Netherlands - their third Olympic women 's hockey title ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhammad Abbas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhammad_Abbas_(skier)', 'summary': "Muhammad Abbas ( Urdu : محمد عباس ) , ( born February 16 , 1986 ) is a Pakistani alpine skier who was his nation 's first competitor at the Winter Olympic Games , in 2010 . Muhammad Abbas was not expected to win any medal , but he outraced some of the other debuting skiers . A group said to be particularly interested were Pakistani Canadians . Abbas was raised in a small village in Northern Pakistan , and his first pair of skis were carved out of wood by his father . He was discovered at age 8 by a Pakistani Air Force officer ( Group Captain ( R ) Zahid Farooq ) who remains his coach . Abbas works for the Air Force , his assignment being to ski ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held in Canada at Whistler Creekside in Whistler , British Columbia , north of Vancouver . The ten events were scheduled for February 13-27 ; weather delayed the first event , the men 's downhill , two days until Monday , February 15 ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zeeshan Ashraf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zeeshan_Ashraf', 'summary': 'Zeeshan Ashraf Qasmi ( born 28 February 1977 in Quetta , Pakistan ) is a field hockey player . He plays full back . He made his international debut for Pakistan in 2001 , and competed in the 2006 Commonwealth Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held over a fourteen-day period beginning on 10 August , and culminating with the medal finals on 22 and 23 August . All games were played at the hockey field constructed on the Olympic Green .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhammad Nadeem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhammad_Nadeem', 'summary': "Muhammad Nadeem Ahmed ( also Muhammad Nadeem , Urdu : محمد ندیم احمد ; born 5 March 1972 in Gojra , Punjab ) is a retired Pakistani field hockey player . He represented Pakistan in two editions of the Olympic Games ( 2000 and 2004 ) , and has served as a full-fledged member and single-time captain of the national field hockey team throughout his sporting career . Nadeem made his official debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , where he and the Pakistanis missed a chance to claim a bronze medal against the Aussies in the men 's field hockey tournament with an official score of 3-6 . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Nadeem qualified for the second time as a member of the Pakistani squad in the men 's field hockey after receiving a wild card invitation from the Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Madrid , Spain . Narrowly missing out a slot for the semifinals by two points , Nadeem helped the Pakistanis scored a goal of 4-2 to defeat the notorious New Zealand team in the fifth place classification match . Serving as the team captain in field hockey , Nadeem was also appointed by the Pakistan Olympic Association to carry the Pakistani flag in the opening ceremony . Shortly after his second Olympics , Nadeem announced his official retirement from international hockey after intense pressures escalated him from the team 's fifth-place finish at the concluded Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field Hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Olympic Hockey Centre located within the Helliniko Olympic Complex . The competitions for both men and women was split into two groups with the top two teams after the preliminary rounds progressing through to the semi-finals .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Alam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Alam', 'summary': 'Ahmed Alam ( born 16 February 1972 in Karachi ) was a field hockey player and Former Hockey captain & Goalkeeper of Pakistan National Hockey Team , and captain of the Pakistan Hockey team in the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field Hockey at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held at the Sydney Olympic Park Hockey Centre .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mansoor Ahmed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mansoor_Ahmed', 'summary': 'Mansoor Ahmed ( 7 January 1968 - 12 May 2018 ) was a Pakistani field hockey player . He represented Pakistan national hockey team in 338 matches between 1986-2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Olympic field hockey tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , United States , was held in Herndon Stadium and Panther Stadium from July 20 to August 2 , 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shahbaz Ahmed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shahbaz_Ahmed', 'summary': 'Shahbaz Ahmad ( Urdu : شہباز احمد ) ( born September 1 , 1968 ) is a former field hockey player from Pakistan who is also known by his nickname as Shahbaz Ahmed Senior . He is also known as the Maradona of hockey for his outstanding stick work .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Olympic field hockey tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain , was held in Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa from 26 July to 8 August 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nasir Ali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nasir_Ali', 'summary': 'Nasir Ali ( born January 1 , 1959 in Sialkot ) is a Pakistani field hockey player . He played at fullback position . He was a player in the National hockey team from 1981 to 1988 . He was captain of the Pakistan Hockey Team which finished 5th in the 1988 Olympics in Seoul , after being a member of the Gold Medal-winning team at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles . He was capped 150 times and scored 19 goals .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul took place from 18 September to 1 October 1988 at the Seongnam Stadium in Seongnam . Twenty teams ( twelve for men and eight for women ) competed in the tournament .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manzoor Hussain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manzoor_Hussain_(field_hockey)', 'summary': 'Manzoor Hussain Junior Golden Player ( born 28 October 1958 in Sialkot , Pakistan ) is a hockey player from Pakistan . A forward , Manzoor Hussain played between 1975 and 1984 , he was capped 175 times with 86 goals . He won Bronze in the 1976 Olympics and was Captain of Pakistan team that won Gold at the 1984 Olympics . Manzoor was also the member of Pakistan team that won World cup in 1978 and 1982 . He was known for his exceptional stick work , and one of its remarkable display was in 1982 World cup final where he scored the goal by dodging six German defenders . Manzoor Hussain and his two brothers , Maqsood Hussain and Mahmood Hussain represented Pakistan in 1984 Champions Trophy in Karachi in a match and made world record .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field hockey at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place from 29 July to 11 August 1984 at the Weingart Stadium , in Monterey Park .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdul Rashid Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_(field_hockey,_born_1947)', 'summary': 'Abdul Rashid ( born 3 March 1947 ) is a Pakistani field hockey player . He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics , the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics . He was part of the gold , silver and bronze winning teams at those Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The Field Hockey competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics , which was held in the Molson Stadium at the McGill University , on an artificial surface for the first time . Only a men 's competition occurred ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Asad Malik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Asad_Malik', 'summary': 'Muhammad Asad Malik ( born October 30 , 1941 ) is a Pakistani field hockey player . He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics , a gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , and a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The field hockey tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics was the 12th edition of the field hockey event at the Summer Olympics . The West German victory was the first title by a European nation since 1920 but was marred by the behavior of Pakistani players , fans , and officials after losing the final . At the final whistle , Pakistani fans and officials invaded the pitch before assaulting West German police and stadium security , storming the tournament officials table and pouring a bucket of water over International Hockey Federation president Rene Frank , while the players destroyed their locker room and refused to wear their silver medals or face the West German flag as it was raised at the medal ceremony . The eleven Pakistani players were banned for life from their national team , but after a high-level apology , the ban was reduced to two years , and eight of them played at the 1976 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tariq Aziz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tariq_Aziz_(field_hockey,_born_1938)', 'summary': 'Dr. Tariq Aziz ( Urdu : طارق عزیز born 5 February 1938 ) is a Pakistani former field hockey player . He won a Gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , and a Silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo . Aziz was born in Amritsar , British India .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The men 's field hockey tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics was the 11th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympics . It took place over a fourteen-day period beginning on 13 October , and culminated with the medal finals on 26 October . All games were played at the Municipal Stadium in Mexico City , Mexico . Pakistan won the gold medal for the second time after defeating Australia 2-1 in the final . Defending champions India won the bronze medal by defeating the West Germany 2-1 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1964 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo , Japan , from 10 to 24 October 1964 . Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics , but this honour was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan 's invasion of China , before ultimately being cancelled because of World War II . The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia , and the first time South Africa was barred from taking part due to its apartheid system in sports . ( South Africa was , however , allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics , also held in Tokyo , where it made its Paralympic Games debut . ) Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany , on 26 May 1959 . These games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas , as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier . The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3 , the first geostationary communication satellite , and from there to Europe using Relay 1 . These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts , albeit partially . Certain events like the sumo wrestling and judo matches , sports huge in Japan , were tried out using Toshiba 's new colour transmission system , but only for the domestic market . History surrounding the 1964 Olympics was chronicled in the 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad , directed by Kon Ichikawa . The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city 's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season . The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manzoor Hussain Atif', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manzoor_Hussain_Atif', 'summary': 'Brigadier ( R ) Manzoor Hussain Atif ( 4 September 1928 - 8 December 2008 ) was a former secretary of Pakistan Hockey Federation and an Olympian in the game of field hockey .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo took place from 11 to 23 October at the Komazawa Hockey Field . 15 teams played in the field hockey competition .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : Giochi della XVII Olimpiade ) , was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . The city of Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 , Rome had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhammad Iqbal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal', 'summary': "Muhammad Iqbal ( KB ) ( /ˈɪkbɑːl/ ; Urdu : محمد اِقبال ; 9 November 1877 - 21 April 1938 ) , widely known as Allama Iqbal , was a poet , philosopher and politician , as well as an academic , barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement . He is called the Spiritual Father of Pakistan . He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature , with literary work in both Urdu and Persian . Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by Indians , Pakistanis , Iranians , Bangladeshis and other international scholars of literature . Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet , he is also a highly acclaimed Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times . His first poetry book , The Secrets of the Self , appeared in the Persian language in 1915 , and other books of poetry include The Secrets of Selflessness , Message from the East and Persian Psalms . Amongst these , his best known Urdu works are The Call of the Marching Bell , Gabriel 's Wing , The Rod of Moses and a part of Gift from Hijaz . Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry , his Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural , social , religious and political discourses . In 1922 New Years Honours , he was made a Knight Bachelor by King George V , While studying law and philosophy in England , Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League . Later , during the League 's December 1930 session , he delivered his most famous presidential speech known as the Allahabad Address in which he pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in north-west India . In much of South Asia and the Urdu-speaking world , Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq ( Urdu : شاعر مشرق , Poet of the East ) . He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan ( Urdu : مفکر پاکستان , The Thinker of Pakistan ) , Musawwar-e-Pakistan ( Urdu : مصور پاکستان , Artist of Pakistan ) and Hakeem-ul-Ummat ( Urdu : حکیم الامت , The Sage of the Ummah ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , 34 events in athletics were contested , 24 by men and 10 by women . There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 73 countries .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1956 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia from 22 November to 8 December 1956 , with the exception of the equestrian events , which were held in Stockholm , Sweden in June 1956 . These Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania , as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America . Melbourne is the most southerly city ever to host the Olympics . Due to the Southern Hemisphere 's seasons being different from those in the Northern Hemisphere , the 1956 Games did not take place at the usual time of year , because of the need to hold the events during the warmer weather of the host 's spring/summer ( which corresponds to the Northern Hemisphere 's autumn/winter ) . The Olympic equestrian events could not be held in Melbourne due to Australia 's strict quarantine regulations , so they were held in Stockholm five months earlier . This was the second time that the Olympics were not held entirely in one country , the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics , which were held in Antwerp , Belgium , with some events taking place in Ostend , Belgium and Amsterdam , Netherlands . Despite uncertainties and various complications encountered during the preparations , the 1956 Games went ahead in Melbourne as planned and turned out to be a success . The enduring tradition of national teams parading as one during the closing ceremony was started at these Olympics . Several teams boycotted the Games in protest of the IOC 's rejection to suspend the USSR after their invasion of Hungary . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdul Hamid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_(field_hockey)', 'summary': 'Abdul Hamid Hamidi ( 7 January 1927 - 12 July 2019 ) was a field hockey player from Pakistan . He was born in Bannu . He won silver medal in 1956 Summer Olympics and gold medal in 1960 Summer Olympics . After his retirement from professional competition , he managed the national team on several occasions , including during the 1966 and 1970 Asian Games . He also served as the secretary general of the Pakistan Hockey Federation . As of 2017 , he lived in Islamabad . He died in 2019 , at the age of 92 .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The field hockey tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics was contested from November 23 to December 6 , with twelve participating teams . Only men competed in field hockey at these Games . India won the gold medal for the sixth successive Games , not allowing a single goal against in the entire tournament . Pakistan won the silver medal , and Germany won the bronze .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Summer Olympics ( Finnish : Kesäolympialaiset 1952 ; Swedish : Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 ) , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event held in Helsinki , Finland , from July 19 to August 3 , 1952 . Helsinki had been earlier selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics , which were cancelled due to World War II . It is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held . These were the first games to be held in a non-Indo-European language speaking country . It was also the Olympic Games at which the most number of world records were broken until it was surpassed by the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . The Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , Hong Kong , Indonesia , Israel , Thailand , and Saarland made their Olympic debuts in Helsinki 1952 . The United States won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niaz Khan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niaz_Khan_(field_hockey)', 'summary': 'Niaz Khan ( 21 August 1917 - 19 October 2001 ) was a Pakistani field hockey player . He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Field hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The men 's field hockey tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics was the seventh edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1948 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was held in London , United Kingdom from 29 July to 14 August 1948 . After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II ; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin . The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo , and then for Helsinki ; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London . This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted them in 1908 , forty years earlier . The Olympics would again return to London 64 years later in 2012 , making London the first city to have hosted the games three times , and the only such city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028 , respectively . The 1948 Olympic Games were the first of two summer Olympic Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström . The event came to be known as the Austerity Games , because of the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II . No new venues were built for the games ( with events taking place mainly at Empire Stadium and the Empire Pool at Wembley Park ) , and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village , as were the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games and the subsequent 1952 Games in Helsinki . A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes , 3,714 men and 390 women , in 19 sport disciplines . Germany and Japan were not invited to participate in the games ; the Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes , sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics . One of the star performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen . Dubbed The Flying Housewife , the thirty-year-old mother of two won four gold medals in athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Zahur Khan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Zahur_Khan', 'summary': 'Ahmed Zahur Khan ( born 1918 ) was a Pakistani shot putter and discus thrower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , 33 athletics events were contested , 24 for men and 9 for women . Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games : women 's 200 metres , women 's long jump and women 's shot put . There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Pakistan at theOlympicsIOC codePAKNOCPakistan Olympic AssociationWebsitenocpakistan.orgMedals Gold 3 Silver 3 Bronze 4 Total 10 Olympics appearances ( overview ) 20Summer appearances1948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances201020142018 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Pakistan at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Pakistan_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Pakistan at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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Of the flag bearers representing Pakistan in the 1960s , which one was born in the 19th century ?
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Muhammad Iqbal
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031614d9ff745f33
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_television_stations_available_in_Canada', 'title': 'List of United States television stations available in Canada', 'header': ['Market /city', 'Call sign', 'Affiliation', 'Available ?'], 'data': [{'value': 'Rochester , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Rochester_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WUHF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WUHF', 'summary': "WUHF , virtual channel 31 ( UHF digital channel 28 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Rochester , New York , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , which also operates ABC affiliate WHAM-TV ( channel 13 ) under a shared services agreement ( SSA ) with owner Deerfield Media . The two outlets share studios on West Henrietta Road ( NY 15 ) in Henrietta ( with a Rochester mailing address ) ; WUHF 's transmitter is located on Pinnacle Hill on the border between Rochester and Brighton . On cable , the station is available on Charter Spectrum channel 7 in both standard and high definition ."}]}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WIVB-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WIVB-TV', 'summary': "WIVB-TV , virtual channel 4 ( UHF digital channel 36 ) , is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group , as part of a duopoly with CW affiliate WNLO ( channel 23 ) . The two stations share studios on Elmwood Avenue in North Buffalo and transmitter facilities in Colden , New York . However , master control and some internal operations are based at Springfield , Massachusetts-licensed Nexstar sister station and NBC affiliate WWLP 's studios in Chicopee ."}]}, {'value': 'CBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CBS', 'summary': "CBS ( an initialism of the network 's former name , the Columbia Broadcasting System ) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS . The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City ( at the CBS Broadcast Center ) and Los Angeles ( at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center ) . CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network , in reference to the company 's trademark symbol , in use since 1951 . It has also been called the Tiffany Network , alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley . It can also refer to some of CBS 's first demonstrations of color television , which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950 . The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. , a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System . Under Paley 's guidance , CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States , and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks . In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS , Inc . The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995 , renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting , Inc. in 1997 , and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation . In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom , which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971 . In late 2005 , Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television , radio , and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets , with the CBS television network at its core . CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements , which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4 , 2019 , when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WKBW-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WKBW-TV', 'summary': "WKBW-TV , virtual channel 7 ( UHF digital channel 38 ) , is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company . WKBW-TV 's studios are located at 7 Broadcast Plaza in downtown Buffalo , and its transmitter is located on Center Street in Colden . It is one of many local Buffalo television stations that are available over-the-air and on cable television in Canada , particularly in Southern Ontario . For many years , it was carried via microwave to cable systems in such areas as Corning and Horseheads ; this ended when WENY-TV signed on as the ABC affiliate for the Elmira market ."}]}, {'value': 'ABC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WGRZ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WGRZ', 'summary': "WGRZ , virtual channel 2 ( UHF digital channel 33 ) , is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Tegna Inc. WGRZ 's studios are located on Delaware Avenue in downtown Buffalo , and its transmitter is located on Warner Hill Road in South Wales , New York ."}]}, {'value': 'NBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WUTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WUTV', 'summary': "WUTV , virtual channel 29 ( UHF digital channel 32 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate WNYO-TV ( channel 49 ) . The two stations share studios on Hertel Avenue near Military Road in Buffalo ; WUTV 's transmitter is located on Whitehaven Road ( near I-190 ) in Grand Island , New York . Since February 2008 , WUTV serves as the Fox network feed received in the Cayman Islands . It joined the Primetime 24 lineup in 2009 , serving most of the Caribbean islands ."}]}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WNED-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNED-TV', 'summary': "WNED-TV , virtual channel 17 ( UHF digital channel 43 ) , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . Owned by the Western New York Public Broadcasting Association , it is sister to National Public Radio ( NPR ) member WBFO ( 88.7 FM ) and classical music radio station WNED-FM ( 94.5 MHz ) . The three stations share studios in Horizons Plaza at 140 Lower Terrace in downtown Buffalo ; WNED-TV 's transmitter is located in Grand Island , New York . More than half of WNED-TV 's viewership is from Southern Ontario , Canada , where the main channel is included in cable and satellite packages by television service providers ."}]}, {'value': 'PBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service', 'summary': "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WNLO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNLO_(TV)', 'summary': "WNLO , virtual channel 23 ( UHF digital channel 36 ) , is a CW-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group , as part of a duopoly with CBS affiliate WIVB-TV ( channel 4 ) . The two stations share studios on Elmwood Avenue in North Buffalo and transmitter facilities in Colden , New York . However , master control and some internal operations are based at Springfield , Massachusetts-licensed Nexstar sister station and NBC affiliate WWLP 's studios in Chicopee . WNLO can be considered an alternate CBS affiliate as it simulcasts the CBS Overnight News and the CBS Morning News from WIVB-TV . The station is also responsible for airing CBS programs when WIVB-TV is unable or otherwise chooses not to air a program due to local or syndicated programming commitments . WNLO is not available in portions of Cattaraugus County that are served by Atlantic Broadband , where WSEE-DT2 out of Erie , Pennsylvania is used as a less expensive alternative ."}]}, {'value': 'The CW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network', 'summary': "The CW Television Network ( commonly referred to as just The CW ) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network , LLC , a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS ; and AT & T , whose WarnerMedia subsidiary is the parent company of Warner Bros. , former majority owner of The WB . The network 's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations ( CBS and Warner Bros. ) . The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18 , 2006 , after its two predecessors , UPN and The WB , respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year . The CW 's first two nights of programming - on September 18 and 19 , 2006 - consisted of reruns and launch-related specials . The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20 , 2006 , with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America 's Next Top Model . Originally , the network 's programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34 , although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeals to men . As of August 2017 , the CW 's audience is 50% male and 50% female . The network currently runs programming seven days a week : airing Mondays through Fridays in the afternoon ( The CW Daytime ) and Sundays through Fridays in prime time , along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Litton Entertainment called One Magnificent Morning , which is the successor to the animation block Vortexx . It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada-United States border ( whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission , if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights ) ; it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations - New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA . Additionally , The CW is available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico-U.S. border ( such as KFMB-DT2/San Diego-Tijuana , KECY-DT3 in El Centro , California , KVIA-DT2 in El Paso , and KCWT-CD with simulcasters KFXV-LD2 KNVO-DT4 in McAllen-Brownsville , Texas and XHRIO-TV in Matamoros , Tamaulipas ) on pay television providers . In both Canada and Mexico , some CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station 's signal coverage ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Template:Buffalo_TV', 'summary': "Initial visibility : currently defaults to autocollapse To set this template 's initial visibility , the |state= parameter may be used :"}]}, {'value': 'WNYO-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WNYO-TV', 'summary': "WNYO-TV , virtual and UHF digital channel 49 , is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to Buffalo , New York , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a duopoly with Fox affiliate WUTV ( channel 29 ) . The two stations share studios on Hertel Avenue near Military Road in Buffalo ; WNYO-TV 's transmitter is located in Bennington , New York . WNYO-TV can also be seen on cable television in parts of Canada ; it is the MyNetworkTV affiliate on the digital tiers of cable providers in Canadian markets that carry stations from Buffalo , such as Toronto , and is also available in Kingston , Brockville , Cornwall , and Ottawa via a fiber optic line . However , neither WNYO-TV nor any other MyNetworkTV affiliate is available on cable in portions of Cattaraugus County , New York , which is served by Atlantic Broadband . This is due to financial demands as the must carry rule would normally apply in that area . In situations such as this , Atlantic usually picks up the station out of Erie , Pennsylvania , but that market has no MyNetworkTV affiliate of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'MyNet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MyNetworkTV', 'summary': "MyNetworkTV ( unofficially abbreviated as MyTV , MyNet , MNT or MNTV ) , is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by Fox Corporation , operated by its Fox Television Stations division , and distributed through the syndication structure of 20th Television . MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5 , 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country , most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks , The CW . Under the ownership structure of Fox Corporation , the service is incorporated as a subsidiary company known as Master Distribution Service , Inc. On September 28 , 2009 , following disappointment with the network 's results , MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service , similar to Ion Television , relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series . Fox Corporation retained MyNetworkTV after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company was completed on March 20 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Yes', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other stations / local coverage -- Southern Ontario', 'section_text': 'Main articles : Greater Toronto TV , Ontario TV These stations are carried throughout the Greater Toronto Area and Golden Horseshoe on a variety of cable systems .', 'uid': 'List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada_6', 'intro': 'This page lists all of the local over-the-air television stations in the United States that are carried in Canada via cable/digital cable or satellite. This list also includes stations that were formerly carried, but have since been dropped. The stations are organized by market, starting in the east (Maine) and ending in the west (California). Not all stations are available in all areas. A station that has the word bumped next to it means that the station has been replaced by one of the stations from the CANCOM services, most likely either a Buffalo or Detroit local station in the east, or a Spokane or Seattle local station in the west.'}
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Affiliated with the 4th major TV network , channel 31 has what call letters ?
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WUHF
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0316208197084968
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Santos_FC_season', 'title': '2004 Santos FC season', 'header': ['Pos', 'Name', 'Moving from'], 'data': [{'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Paulo César', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paulo_César_Arruda_Parente', 'summary': 'Paulo César Arruda Parente ( born 26 August 1978 in Osasco , São Paulo ) , known as Paulo César , is a former Brazilian footballer and former manager of Juventude .'}]}, {'value': 'PSG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paris_Saint-Germain_F.C.', 'summary': "Paris Saint-Germain Football Club ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ paʁi sɛ̃ ʒɛʁmɛ̃ ] ) , commonly referred to as Paris Saint-Germain , Paris SG , or simply Paris or PSG , is a French professional football club based in Paris . Founded in 1970 , the club has traditionally worn red and blue kits . PSG has played their home matches in the 47,929-capacity Parc des Princes , in the 16th arrondissement of Paris , since 1974 . The club plays in the highest tier of French football , Ligue 1 . The Parisian club established itself as a major force in France , and one of the major forces of European football in the 2010s . PSG have won a total of 40 titles , 39 of them top-flight trophies , making it the most successful French club in history by this measure . Paris SG is also the only club to have never been relegated from Ligue 1 , the club with most consecutive seasons in the top-flight ( they have played 45 seasons in Ligue 1 since 1974 ) , one of only two French clubs to have won a major European title , the most popular football club in France , and one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Domestically , the Parisians have won eight Ligue 1 titles , a record twelve Coupe de France , a record eight Coupe de la Ligue , and a record nine Trophée des Champions titles . In European football , they have won one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and one UEFA Intertoto Cup . The capital club has also won one Ligue 2 , regarded as a minor official title . PSG have a long-standing rivalry with Olympique de Marseille . The duo contest French football 's most notorious match , known as Le Classique ."}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mauro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marília', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marília_Atlético_Clube', 'summary': 'Marília Atlético Clube , or Marília as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team from Marília in São Paulo , founded on April 12 , 1942 . Home stadium is the Bento de Abreu , with a capacity of 19,800 . They play in light blue shirts , white shorts and socks .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Marco Aurélio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naútico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Naútico_Capibaribe', 'summary': "Clube Náutico Capibaribe ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈklub ˈnawtʃiku kɐpibɐˈɾibi ] ) , also known as Náutico , is a Brazilian sports club , including a professional football team , in Recife , Pernambuco . Náutico , as of 2018 , is competing in the Serie C. The origins of Náutico may be traced to the foundation of the Clube Náutico do Recife by a group of rowers ( Náutico can be directly translated to nautical ) in 1898 , but the official foundation date is April 7 of 1901 . Its first football team dates back to 1905 , with a squad formed by Englishmen and Germans . Náutico is the only football club in Pernambuco that has won the state championship 6 times in a row ( from 1963 to 1968 ) . The club has an historical rivalry with local clubs Sport Recife and Santa Cruz . Náutico has an important swimming arena , including an Olympic-sized pool that meets all world standards . It also has activities in other sports including hockey , basketball , volleyball , handball , women 's football , futsal , Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Boxing , Taekwondo , kendo , Muay Thai , MMA and the founding sport of the club , rowing . The official mascot of Náutico is the opossum , known locally as timbu . Náutico has the 6th-largest core of fans in the Northeastern region of Brasil , and occupies the 21st place in the overall Brazilian ranking . In total , there were approximately 1,5 million Náutico fans in 2010 , as showed by a Lance magazine and IBOPE research ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Claiton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claiton_Alberto_Fontoura_dos_Santos', 'summary': 'Claiton Alberto Fontoura dos Santos , better known as Claiton ( born 25 January 1978 in Porto Alegre ) , is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a Midfielder , and is the current manager .'}]}, {'value': 'Internacional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SC_Internacional', 'summary': "Sport Club Internacional ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˌĩteɾnɐsjoˈnaw ] ) , commonly known as Inter , is a Brazilian professional football club based in Porto Alegre . Founded in 4 April , 1909 by the Poppe brothers , with the clear goal of being a democratic institution without prejudice . Its colors are red and white and its fans are known as Colorados . It is one of the most successful clubs in Brazil and America in recent years , being the third club with the most international titles in Brazil , with 7 trophies . Its historical rival is Grêmio , with whom it contests the Grenal , one of the greatest derbies of the world . Internacional plays in the Brasileirão Série A since 2018 after achieving the second place in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B as well as in the Campeonato Gaúcho , [ nb 1 ] the state of Rio Grande do Sul 's premier state league . The team 's home stadium , known as Beira-Rio ( Riverside ) , was one of the twelve 2014 FIFA World Cup venues and has a capacity of 51,300 . Internacional is part of a large membership-based sports club with more than 200,000 . Internacional was South American champions in 2010 , winning their second Copa Libertadores title . The year 2006 was the most successful in Inter 's history as they won the Copa Libertadores and the FIFA Club World Cup for the first time , defeating European champions Barcelona in the latter and Club World Cup reigning champions São Paulo in the former . In their second participation in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , Inter entered history as the first South American champion club to stay out of the final of a World Championship , after being defeated by the emerging TP Mazembe . In the following year , the club turned the corner , becoming champion of the Gaúcho Championship for the 40th time ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Preto Casagrande', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bahia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EC_Bahia', 'summary': "Esporte Clube Bahia ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi baˈi.ɐ ] ) , known familiarly as Bahia , is a Brazilian professional football club , based in Salvador , Bahia . They play in the Campeonato Baiano , Bahia 's state league , and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , Brazil 's first tier league . Bahia has won the Brasileirão title twice : in the 1959 season , defeating the Santos ' Santásticos which contained figures such as Gilmar , Mauro , Mengálvio , Coutinho , Pepe and Pelé , in the finals and in the 1988 season Bahia edged Internacional . Bahia has only appeared in the Copa Libertadores three times , reaching the quarterfinals in 1989 , Bahia 's best-ever performance . The club has also won their state title a record 46 times . The 2000s have seen the club win only four state titles . Bahia was demoted to the Série B in 2003 and demoted , for the first time ever , to the Série C in 2005 , spending two seasons at the bottom of the Brazilian league system . In 2007 , they were promoted back to the second level , and in 2010 the club found itself back in the Série A , after eight seasons . Bahia had played its home games with 66,080 people capacity Estádio Fonte Nova since 1951 but after a section of the stadium collapsed in 2007 , the Tricolor played at the Estádio de Pituaçu . With the reopening of the Fonte Nova stadium in 2013 as the Arena Fonte Nova , a modern arena built for the 2014 FIFA World Cup , Bahia resumed playing its matches there . The club 's home uniform consists of white shirts with blue shorts and red socks . It has a long-standing rivalry with the Vitória and matches between the two sides are known as Ba-Vi ."}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Róbson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Róbson', 'summary': 'José Róbson do Nascimento , better known as Róbson or Robgol ( born May 10 , 1970 in Barra de São Miguel , Paraíba state is a Brazilian politician and former association football forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Oita Trinita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oita_Trinita', 'summary': "Oita Trinita ( 大分トリニータ , Ōita Torinīta ) is a Japanese football club currently playing in J1 League , having been promoted in 2018 after a 5-year absence from Japan 's top flight . The club 's home town is Ōita city , but the club draws support from Beppu , Saiki , and the entire Ōita Prefecture . The club 's name , Trinita , is the Italian translation of the word trinity ( trinità ) , which was the club 's original name before being changed in 1999 , and Ōita , the club 's home town . The combined word expresses the will of the local citizens , companies , and government to support the team . Others connection to the italian culture can be found in the city nickname Azzurro ( light blue in English ) . The club 's home ground is Ōita Bank Dome , also known as the Big Eye , which was one the venues built for the 2002 FIFA World Cup . The club practices at the adjacent football and rugby field , and Ōita City Public Ground ."}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Basílio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valdeci_Basílio_da_Silva', 'summary': 'Valdeci Basílio da Silva ( born 14 July 1972 ) is a Brazilian former football player .'}]}, {'value': 'Marília', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marília_Atlético_Clube', 'summary': 'Marília Atlético Clube , or Marília as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team from Marília in São Paulo , founded on April 12 , 1942 . Home stadium is the Bento de Abreu , with a capacity of 19,800 . They play in light blue shirts , white shorts and socks .'}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Lelo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portuguesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associação_Portuguesa_de_Desportos', 'summary': 'Associação Portuguesa de Desportos , usually called Portuguesa or Lusa , is a sports club , and a Brazilian football team from São Paulo in São Paulo state , founded on August 14 , 1920 by the Portuguese population of the city .'}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Doni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doni_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Doniéber Alexander Marangon ( born 22 October 1979 ) , known as Doni , is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He is the elder brother of João Paulo Fernando Marangon . Doni also holds an Italian passport . His parental family came from Veneto and his grandmother came from Mantua .'}]}, {'value': 'Corinthians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SC_Corinthians_Paulista', 'summary': "Sport Club Corinthians Paulista ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi kʊˈɾĩtʃɐ̃s pawˈɫistɐ ] ) is a Brazilian sports club based in the city of São Paulo . Although they compete in a number of different sports , Corinthians is mostly known for its professional association football team . The football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , [ nb 1 ] the top tier of the Brazilian football , as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A1 , [ nb 2 ] the first division of the traditional in-state competition . Founded in 1910 by five railway workers , Corinthians was inspired by the London-based club Corinthian Football Club . Since 1910 , Corinthians has become one of the most successful Brazilian clubs , having won the national title seven times , in addition to three Copa do Brasil trophies . Corinthians has a record 30 state championships . In 2000 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup 's first edition as the host team and in 2012 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup for the second time after winning the Copa Libertadores de América for the first time . The club was listed by Forbes as the most valuable football club in the Americas , worth $ 576.9 million . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world and the second most in Brazil , with over 30 million fans . Since 2014 , Corinthians has played its home matches at the Arena Corinthians , one of the venues in the 2014 FIFA World Cup , having hosted six matches during the tournament , including the opener on 12 June 2014 . The club 's home kit traditionally features white shirts and black shorts , accompanied by white socks , since 1920 . Their traditional crest was introduced in 1939 , by modernist painter Francisco Rebolo featuring the São Paulo state flag in a shield , two oars , and an anchor ( representing the club 's early success in nautical sports ) ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Lopes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Nogueira_Lopes', 'summary': 'Wellington Nogueira Lopes de Avellar , or simply Lopes Tigrão ( born June 1 , 1979 in Volta Redonda ) , is a Brazilian football player . He won the top scorer of Copa Libertadores in 2001 , scoring 9 goals . Lopes has played for Palmeiras , Santos , Juventude and Cruzeiro , Atlético and Ceará in the Campeonato Brasileiro . He has also played for Vegalta Sendai and Yokohama F. Marinos of J1 League .'}]}, {'value': 'Fluminense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fluminense_FC', 'summary': "Fluminense Football Club ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ flumiˈnẽsi ˈfutʃibow klɐb ] ) , known simply as Fluminense or Tricolor , is a Brazilian sports club best known for its professional football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , [ nb 1 ] the first tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca , [ nb 2 ] the state league of Rio de Janeiro . The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro . Fluminense plays their home games at the Maracanã Stadium , which currently holds up to 78,838 spectators . The club was founded on 21 July 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats , being led by Oscar Cox , a Brazilian sportsman , in the bairro of Flamengo , a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on . Cox was elected as the club 's first president . Fluminense have been state champions on 31 occasions , second only to Flamengo with 34 . The team have been national champions four times , most recently in 2012 in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , they won the Copa do Brasil in 2007 and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C [ nb 3 ] in 1999 . The Copa Rio de 1952 ( or Copa Rio Internacional ) and the Copa Libertadores runners up in 2008 and the Copa Sudamericana runners up in 2009 are their best international performances . Fluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro . Although football was the club 's original endeavor , the club is today an umbrella organisation for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities . Fluminense 's traditional home kit is dark red-and-green vertical striped shirts , with white shorts , accompanied by white socks ; this combination has been used since 1920 . Under Armour is the current kit manufacturer ."}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Alcides', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alcides_Eduardo_Mendes_de_Araújo_Alves', 'summary': 'Alcides Eduardo Mendes de Araújo Alves ( born 13 March 1985 ) , known simply as Alcides , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as either a right back or a central defender .'}]}, {'value': 'Schalke 04', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schalke_04', 'summary': "Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V. , commonly known as FC Schalke 04 ( German : [ ɛf tseː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯ ] ) , Schalke , Schalke 04 or abbreviated as S04 ( German : [ ˈɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯ ] ) , is a professional German football and multi-sports club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen , North Rhine-Westphalia . The 04 in the club 's name derives from its formation in 1904 . Schalke has long been one of the most popular professional football teams and multi-sports club in Germany , even though the club 's heyday was in the 1930s and 1940s . Schalke play in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system . As of June 2018 , the club has 155,000 members , making it the second-largest sports club in Germany and the fourth-largest sports club in the world in terms of membership . [ not verified in body ] Other activities offered by the club include athletics , basketball , handball , table tennis , winter sports and eSports . Founded in 1904 , Schalke has won seven German championships , five DFB-Pokals , one DFL-Supercup and one UEFA Cup . Schalke also succeeded as the first German club to win a cup double in 1937 . Since 2001 , Schalke 's stadium has been the Veltins-Arena . Schalke holds a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbours Borussia Dortmund , arguably one of the most widespread and well-known rivalries in German football , and matches between the two teams are referred to as the Revierderby . Schalke was ranked as the seventh-best football team in Europe by UEFA 's 2015 UEFA club rankings . In terms of operating income , Schalke possesses the seventh-highest operating income of any football club at $ 64.4 million or £38.2 million ( €48 million ) , and 0% debt as of August 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Leandro Machado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leandro_Machado_(footballer,_born_1976)', 'summary': 'Leandro Machado Nascimento ( born 22 March 1976 ) , known as Machado , is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker . Other than in his own country , he competed professionally in Spain , Portugal , Ukraine , Mexico , Paraguay and South Korea . Machado was part of the Brazilian squad at the 1996 Gold Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Querétaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Querétaro_F.C.', 'summary': 'Querétaro Fútbol Club , also called Gallos Blancos de Querétaro , is a Mexican professional football club based in Querétaro City , Mexico . Querétaro plays in the Liga MX , the top level of the Mexican football league system . Their colors are blue , black , and white and the team mascot is a rooster . They were to be relegated to the Liga de Ascenso in 2013 , but Chiapas F.C . was relocated to Querétaro .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricardinho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardinho', 'summary': 'Ricardo Luis Pozzi Rodrigues ( born May 23 , 1976 in São Paulo , Brazil ) , better known as Ricardinho , is a Brazilian football manager and former player . He usually played as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield , and was best known for his accurate passing and technique .'}]}, {'value': 'Middlesbrough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C.', 'summary': "Middlesbrough Football Club ( /ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ( listen ) MID-əlz-brə ) is a professional association football club based in Middlesbrough , North Yorkshire , England . They are currently competing in the EFL Championship , the second tier of English football . Formed in 1876 , they have played at the Riverside Stadium since 1995 , their third ground since turning professional in 1889 . The club played at the Linthorpe Road ground from 1882 to 1903 and at Ayresome Park for 92 years , from 1903 to 1995 . Middlesbrough were one of the founding members of the Premier League in 1992 and became one of the first clubs to be relegated from it following the 1992-93 season . The club came close to folding in 1986 after experiencing severe financial difficulties before it was saved by a consortium led by then board member and later chairman Steve Gibson . The club 's main rivals are Sunderland , Newcastle United and Leeds United . The club 's achievements include winning the League Cup in 2004 , their first and to date only major trophy , and they also reached the 2006 UEFA Cup Final , losing to Spanish club Sevilla . Their highest league finish to date was third place in the top flight in the 1913-14 season and the club have only spent two seasons outside the top two divisions of English football . The League Cup win and the UEFA Cup run was part of an 11-year consecutive stay in the Premier League , before a relegation in 2009 . Although the club returned in 2016 , instant relegation followed . The club 's traditional kit is red with white detailing ."}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Flávio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flávio_Pinto_de_Souza', 'summary': 'Flávio Pinto de Souza ( born August 12 , 1980 in Niteroi ) , or simply Flávio , is a Brazilian football player .'}]}, {'value': 'Chernomorets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Chernomorets_Novorossiysk', 'summary': 'FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk ( Russian : ФК Черноморец Новороссийск ) is the oldest Russian association football club based in Novorossiysk . It plays in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricardo Bóvio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Bóvio', 'summary': 'Ricardo Bóvio de Souza ( born January 17 , 1982 in Campos dos Goytacazes , Rio de Janeiro ) , known as Ricardo Bóvio , is a Brazilian retired footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'Chernomorets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Chernomorets_Novorossiysk', 'summary': 'FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk ( Russian : ФК Черноморец Новороссийск ) is the oldest Russian association football club based in Novorossiysk . It plays in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nelson Tapia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Tapia', 'summary': 'Nelson Antonio Tapia Ríos ( born 22 September 1966 ) is a retired Chilean football goalkeeper . He is nicknamed Simpson because during his career he wore a hair style similar to cartoon character Bart Simpson . He made his debut for the Chilean national team in 1994 against France . After his last match thus far , a 0-5 loss against Brazil in 2005 , the tally is at 73 caps . He played all four games for Chile at the 1998 FIFA World Cup , and he also won an Olympic bronze medal with Chile at the 2000 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Cobreloa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cobreloa', 'summary': "Club de Deportes Cobreloa S.A.D.P . ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ ðe ðe.ˈpoɾ.tes ko.βɾe.ˈlo.a ] ( listen ) ) , commonly referred to as Cobreloa , is a Chilean football professional club based in Calama , Región de Antofagasta , Chile . That competes in the Primera B de Chile , the second tier flight of Chilean Football . The club 's home ground is the Estadio Zorros del Desierto . Founded on January 7 , 1977 , by the initiative of various local groups and the Chilean state-owned enterprise , CODELCO . This club was created starting from the Legal Personality of the local club , Deportes El Loa . On March 30 , 2006 , the club changed to a Limited sports company with the unanimous approval of 56 of its socios ( members ) . According to the 2018 year public report , the capital of the club is $ 4.534 billion CLP ( 6.697.624,8 $ USD ) spread on 1.000.000 shares of stock without nominal value , mostly owned by the socios ( members of club ) with 999,999 of them and the chairman of the club with 1 share . In 2018 the first team budget was $ 100 millon CLP . The club 's professional debut in Segunda división professional de Chile was in 1977 , achieving the promotion to Primera División in the same year . The club has won the Primera División title in 8 times , and the 1986 Copa Polla Lan Chile . Some of its rivalries are with Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo team in the Clásico Albo-Loíno , Club de Deportes Cobresal who dispute the Clasico del Cobre and Deportes Antofagasta in the Clasico de la región de Antofagasta ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcinho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Márcio_Ivanildo_da_Silva', 'summary': 'Márcio Ivanildo da Silva ( born 25 March 1981 in Petrolândia , Pernambuco ) , known as Marcinho , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for AA Altos as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'CRB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_de_Regatas_Brasil', 'summary': 'Clube de Regatas Brasil , or CRB as it is usually called , is a Brazilian football team from Maceió in Alagoas . Founded on September 20 , 1912 , its greatest rival is Centro Sportivo Alagoano , and it plays in white and red shirts , shorts and socks .'}]}, {'value': 'FW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Deivid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deivid_de_Souza', 'summary': 'Deivid de Souza , commonly known as Deivid ( born 22 October 1979 ) , is a retired Brazilian footballer , who played as a striker or attacking midfielder , and the current manager of Criciúma .'}]}, {'value': 'Girondins de Bordeaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girondins_de_Bordeaux', 'summary': "Football Club des Girondins de Bordeaux ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒiʁɔ̃dɛ̃ də bɔʁdo ] ) , commonly referred to as Girondins de Bordeaux or simply Bordeaux , is a French professional football club based in the city of Bordeaux in Nouvelle Aquitaine , The club currently play in Ligue 1 , the top division of French football . The team is currently coached by Paulo Sousa and captained by Benoît Costil . Bordeaux was founded in 1 October 1881 as a multi-sports club and is one of the most successful football clubs in France . The club has won six Ligue 1 titles . Bordeaux have also won four Coupe de France titles , three Coupe de la Ligue titles , and three Trophée des champions titles as well . Bordeaux also reached the Uefa Cup final in 1996 . From a year to its inception , the club 's stadium was the Stade Chaban-Delmas , though since 2015 , Bordeaux 's home ground has been the Matmut Atlantique ."}]}, {'value': 'DF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Antônio Carlos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antônio_Carlos_Zago', 'summary': 'Antônio Carlos Zago ( born 18 May 1969 ) , widely known as Antônio Carlos or A.C. Zago , is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a central defender , and is the manager of Kashima Antlers .'}]}, {'value': 'Beşiktaş', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beşiktaş_J.K.', 'summary': "Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü ( English : Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club ) , also known simply as Beşiktaş ( Turkish pronunciation : [ beˈʃiktaʃ ] ) , is a Turkish sports club founded in 1903 , and based in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul , Turkey . The club 's football team is one of the most successful teams in Turkey , having never been relegated to a lower division . The team last won the Turkish Süper Lig championship during the 2016-17 season . The home ground of Beşiktaş is Vodafone Park , a 41,903 capacity all-seater stadium located next to Dolmabahçe Palace . The club also competes in other branches including basketball , volleyball , handball , athletics , boxing , wrestling , chess , bridge , gymnastics , rowing , table tennis , paralympic sports , Esports , and beach football ."}]}, {'value': 'MF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Zé Elias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zé_Elias', 'summary': 'José Elias Moedim Júnior ( born 25 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Zé Elias , is a Brazilian former footballer . A defensive or central midfielder , he played for 12 teams in seven countries . He is a football analyst for ESPN Brasil .'}]}, {'value': 'Genoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Genoa_CFC', 'summary': "Genoa Cricket and Football Club , commonly referred to as Genoa ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈdʒɛːnoa ] ) , is an Italian professional football club based in Genoa , Liguria . Established on 7 September 1893 , it is Italy 's fourth oldest football team ( after Torino F.C.C. , Nobili Torino and Internazionale Torino ) , and the oldest active Italian football team , with over 125 years of activity . During their long history , Genoa have won the Italian Championship nine times . Genoa 's first title came at the inaugural championship in 1898 and their most recent was in 1923-24 . They have also won the Coppa Italia once . Historically , Genoa are the fourth most successful Italian club in terms of championships won . This slew of early successes may lie at the origin of the love professed for the team by the godfather of Italian sports journalists Gianni Brera ( 1919-92 ) , who , despite having been born nowhere near Genoa , always declared himself a supporter of the team . Brera went as far as creating the nickname Vecchio Balordo ( Old Fool or Cranky Old One ) for Genoa . The club has played its home games at the 36,536 capacity Stadio Luigi Ferraris since 1911 . Since 1946 , the ground has been shared with local rivals Sampdoria . Genoa has spent most of its post-war history going up and down between Serie A and Serie B , with two brief spells in Serie C ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Transfers -- In', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2004_Santos_FC_season_1', 'intro': "The 2004 season was Santos Futebol Clube's ninety-eighth season in existence and the club's forty-fifth consecutive season in the top flight of Brazilian football. Santos won the Campeonato Brasileiro title for the eighth time in history by beating Vasco da Gama 2-1 on the final day of the season. They were knocked out of the Campeonato Paulista in the semi-finals after losing 3-7 on aggregate against São Caetano. Santos also played the Copa Libertadores for the seventh time, losing 1-2 in the quarter-finals to the eventual winners Once Caldas."}
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Who does the player from the Girondins de Bordeaux team currently manage ?
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Criciúma
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031a89c6bd8d5614
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Finkel', 'title': 'Jon Finkel', 'header': ['Season', 'Event type', 'Location', 'Format', 'Date', 'Rank'], 'data': [{'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10-12 October 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 January-February 1 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17-19 April 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30-31 May 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Nationals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Magic:_The_Gathering_national_champions', 'summary': 'The Magic : The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships ( Nationals ) that year . ( with the exception of champions between 2012-16 , which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season ) Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn . Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality . In addition , Nationals required eligible players to qualify . ( prior to 2011 , countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held , meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament ) After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic : The Gathering organized play program , abandoning national championships , and restructuring the World Championship . From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season . At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships . As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned . The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019 . In 2018 , National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions . In most cases these regions line up with countries , but special exemptions were made in some cases , for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Colombus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-5 July 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Worlds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_World_Championship', 'summary': "The Magic : The Gathering World Championships ( Worlds ) have been held annually since 1994 . It is the most important tournament in the game of Magic : The Gathering , offering cash prizes of up to $ 100,000 to the winners . With the exception of the first edition , Worlds is an invitation-only event , and from 1996 to 2011 World was the last event of each Pro Tour season . The invitees were mostly top finishers from the National championships , the top-ranked players of the DCI and high-level pro players . Since 2012 the World Championships are held after the season and the most successful 16 or 24 players have been invited to the tournament . After the first five World Championships were all held in the United States , Worlds have since been held in Japan , Australia and various countries in Europe . Besides the main event Worlds were always a huge gathering of Magic players , who came to watch the pros and compete in side events . After the 2011 season , the World Championship was briefly replaced by the Magic Players Championship . The top 16 pro players selected due to various criteria were invited to the Players Championship . In 2013 the tournament was renamed to 'World Championship ' once again . From 2014 to 2018 the tournament was expanded to 24 competitors , but is going back to 16 players for the 2019 Worlds . The large World Championships , held until 2011 , also included a national team portion where the top players from each National Championship engaged in a separate competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12-16 August 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Worlds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_World_Championship', 'summary': "The Magic : The Gathering World Championships ( Worlds ) have been held annually since 1994 . It is the most important tournament in the game of Magic : The Gathering , offering cash prizes of up to $ 100,000 to the winners . With the exception of the first edition , Worlds is an invitation-only event , and from 1996 to 2011 World was the last event of each Pro Tour season . The invitees were mostly top finishers from the National championships , the top-ranked players of the DCI and high-level pro players . Since 2012 the World Championships are held after the season and the most successful 16 or 24 players have been invited to the tournament . After the first five World Championships were all held in the United States , Worlds have since been held in Japan , Australia and various countries in Europe . Besides the main event Worlds were always a huge gathering of Magic players , who came to watch the pros and compete in side events . After the 2011 season , the World Championship was briefly replaced by the Magic Players Championship . The top 16 pro players selected due to various criteria were invited to the Players Championship . In 2013 the tournament was renamed to 'World Championship ' once again . From 2014 to 2018 the tournament was expanded to 24 competitors , but is going back to 16 players for the 2019 Worlds . The large World Championships , held until 2011 , also included a national team portion where the top players from each National Championship engaged in a separate competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National team', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12-16 August 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-6 September 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25-27 September 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_DCI', 'summary': "The DCI ( formerly Duelists ' Convocation International ) was the official sanctioning body for competitive play in Magic : The Gathering and various other games produced by Wizards of the Coast and its subsidiaries , such as Avalon Hill , before being gradually rebranded as the Wizards Play Network starting in 2008 . The DCI provided game rules , tournament operating procedures , and other materials to private tournament organizers and players . It also operated a judge certification program to provide consistent rules enforcement and promote fair play ."}]}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-7 February 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26-28 February 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Vienna', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13-14 March 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27-28 March 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington D.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-5 September 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_DCI', 'summary': "The DCI ( formerly Duelists ' Convocation International ) was the official sanctioning body for competitive play in Magic : The Gathering and various other games produced by Wizards of the Coast and its subsidiaries , such as Avalon Hill , before being gradually rebranded as the Wizards Play Network starting in 2008 . The DCI provided game rules , tournament operating procedures , and other materials to private tournament organizers and players . It also operated a judge certification program to provide consistent rules enforcement and promote fair play ."}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-5 March 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13-14 May 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Nationals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Magic:_The_Gathering_national_champions', 'summary': 'The Magic : The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships ( Nationals ) that year . ( with the exception of champions between 2012-16 , which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season ) Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn . Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality . In addition , Nationals required eligible players to qualify . ( prior to 2011 , countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held , meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament ) After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic : The Gathering organized play program , abandoning national championships , and restructuring the World Championship . From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season . At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships . As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned . The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019 . In 2018 , National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions . In most cases these regions line up with countries , but special exemptions were made in some cases , for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Orlando', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8-11 June 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24-25 June 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Worlds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_World_Championship', 'summary': "The Magic : The Gathering World Championships ( Worlds ) have been held annually since 1994 . It is the most important tournament in the game of Magic : The Gathering , offering cash prizes of up to $ 100,000 to the winners . With the exception of the first edition , Worlds is an invitation-only event , and from 1996 to 2011 World was the last event of each Pro Tour season . The invitees were mostly top finishers from the National championships , the top-ranked players of the DCI and high-level pro players . Since 2012 the World Championships are held after the season and the most successful 16 or 24 players have been invited to the tournament . After the first five World Championships were all held in the United States , Worlds have since been held in Japan , Australia and various countries in Europe . Besides the main event Worlds were always a huge gathering of Magic players , who came to watch the pros and compete in side events . After the 2011 season , the World Championship was briefly replaced by the Magic Players Championship . The top 16 pro players selected due to various criteria were invited to the Players Championship . In 2013 the tournament was renamed to 'World Championship ' once again . From 2014 to 2018 the tournament was expanded to 24 competitors , but is going back to 16 players for the 2019 Worlds . The large World Championships , held until 2011 , also included a national team portion where the top players from each National Championship engaged in a separate competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-6 August 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Worlds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_World_Championship', 'summary': "The Magic : The Gathering World Championships ( Worlds ) have been held annually since 1994 . It is the most important tournament in the game of Magic : The Gathering , offering cash prizes of up to $ 100,000 to the winners . With the exception of the first edition , Worlds is an invitation-only event , and from 1996 to 2011 World was the last event of each Pro Tour season . The invitees were mostly top finishers from the National championships , the top-ranked players of the DCI and high-level pro players . Since 2012 the World Championships are held after the season and the most successful 16 or 24 players have been invited to the tournament . After the first five World Championships were all held in the United States , Worlds have since been held in Japan , Australia and various countries in Europe . Besides the main event Worlds were always a huge gathering of Magic players , who came to watch the pros and compete in side events . After the 2011 season , the World Championship was briefly replaced by the Magic Players Championship . The top 16 pro players selected due to various criteria were invited to the Players Championship . In 2013 the tournament was renamed to 'World Championship ' once again . From 2014 to 2018 the tournament was expanded to 24 competitors , but is going back to 16 players for the 2019 Worlds . The large World Championships , held until 2011 , also included a national team portion where the top players from each National Championship engaged in a separate competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National team', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-6 August 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Career -- Accomplishments', 'section_text': 'This section needs to be updated . Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information . ( July 2019 )', 'uid': 'Jon_Finkel_0', 'intro': 'Jon Finkel (born May 18, 1978 in Brockport, New York) is an American Magic: The Gathering and poker player. Finkel is one of the most decorated players in the history of professional Magic: The Gathering play and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all-time. During his career he has won three Grand Prix events and made the Top 8 of a record 16 Pro Tour events, winning three of those. In the year 2000, he became the Magic: The Gathering World Champion, as well as playing for the United States National Team, which won the team portion of the competition.'}
| null | null |
What is the best rank of a player in event type which offers winners awards up to $ 100,000 ?
|
1
|
031de5d845959a30
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II', 'title': 'List of aircraft of World War II', 'header': ['Name of aircraft', 'Year first flight', 'Country of origin'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aichi S1A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aichi_S1A', 'summary': "The Aichi S1A Denko ( Bolt of Light ) was a Japanese night fighter , intended to replace the Nakajima J1N1-S Gekkou ( Allied code name Irving ) . Like the Gekkou , it was to be equipped with radar to counter the B-29 air raids over Japan . Development time for the S1A increased while trying to overcome design shortcomings , such as the insufficient power of the Navy 's requested Nakajima Homare engines , resulting in no aircraft being completed before the war ended ."}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arado Ar 240', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arado_Ar_240', 'summary': 'The Arado Ar 240 was a German twin-engine , multi-role heavy fighter aircraft , developed for the Luftwaffe during World War II by Arado Flugzeugwerke . Its first flight was in 1940 , but problems with the design hampered development , and it remained only marginally stable throughout the prototype phase . The project was eventually cancelled , with the existing airframes used for a variety of test purposes .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arsenal-Delanne 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arsenal-Delanne_10', 'summary': 'The Arsenal-Delanne 10 was an experimental fighter aircraft of French origin . The plane had a rear cockpit and a distinctive tandem wing .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_YB-40_Flying_Fortress', 'summary': 'The Boeing YB-40 Flying Fortress was a modification for operational testing purposes of the B-17 Flying Fortress bomber aircraft , converted to act as a heavily armed gunship for other bombers during World War II . At the time of its development , long-range fighter aircraft such as the North American P-51 Mustang were just entering quantity production , and thus were not yet available to accompany bombers all the way from England to Germany and back .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing XF8B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_XF8B', 'summary': 'The Boeing XF8B ( Model 400 ) was a single-engine aircraft developed by Boeing during World War II to provide the United States Navy with a long-range shipboard fighter aircraft . The XF8B was intended for operation against the Japanese home islands from aircraft carriers outside the range of Japanese land-based aircraft . Designed for various roles including interceptor , long-range escort fighter , dive-bomber , and torpedo bomber , the final design embodied a number of innovative features in order to accomplish the various roles . Despite its formidable capabilities , the XF8B-1 never entered series production .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boulton Paul P.92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.92', 'summary': 'The Boulton Paul P.92 was a British design by Boulton Paul for a two-seat turret-armed fighter/ground attack aircraft to meet Air Ministry Specification F.11/37 . Only a half scale prototype - the P.92/2 - was built and tested as check on aerodynamics before the project was cancelled in 1940 .'}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SABCA S.47', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caproni_Ca.335', 'summary': 'The Caproni Ca.335 Maestrale ( Mistral ) was an Italian single-engined two-seat fighter-bomber/reconnaissance aircraft of the 1930s .'}]}, {'value': '1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Consolidated XB-41 Liberator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Consolidated_XB-41_Liberator', 'summary': 'The Consolidated XB-41 Liberator was a single Consolidated B-24D Liberator bomber , serial 41-11822 , which was modified for the long-range escort role for U.S. Eighth Air Force bombing missions over Europe during World War II .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Consolidated Vultee XP-81', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Consolidated_Vultee_XP-81', 'summary': 'The Consolidated Vultee XP-81 ( later redesignated ZXF-81 ) is a development of the Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation to build a single seat , long range escort fighter that combined use of both turbojet and turboprop engines . Although promising , the lack of suitable engines combined with the end of World War II doomed the project .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Havilland Hornet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Havilland_Hornet', 'summary': 'The de Havilland DH.103 Hornet is a twin-piston engined fighter aircraft developed by de Havilland . It further exploited the wooden construction techniques that had been pioneered by the de Havilland Mosquito . Development of the Hornet had started during the Second World War as a private venture . The aircraft was to conduct long range fighter operations in the Pacific Theatre against the Empire of Japan but the war ended before the Hornet reached operational squadron status . The Hornet entered service with RAF Fighter Command where it equipped several day fighter units and was commonly stationed in the British mainland . It saw combat in the Far East , being used as a strike fighter as part of the British military action taken during the Malayan Emergency . A naval carrier-capable version , the Sea Hornet , had been envisioned early on and was procured by the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fisher P-75 Eagle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle', 'summary': 'The General Motors/Fisher P-75 Eagle was a fighter aircraft designed by the Fisher Body Division of General Motors . Development started in September 1942 in response to United States Army Air Forces requirement for a fighter possessing an extremely high rate of climb , using the most powerful liquid-cooled engine then available , the Allison V-3420 . The program was cancelled after only a small number of prototypes and production aircraft had been completed , as it was no longer required in its original role , could not be quickly deployed , and possessed no significant advantages over aircraft already in production .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gloster F.9/37', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gloster_F.9/37', 'summary': 'The Gloster F.9/37 , also known as the Gloster G.39 , was a British twin-engined design from the Gloster Aircraft Company for a cannon-armed heavy fighter to serve with the Royal Air Force , planned before the Second World War . The F.9/37 was rejected in favour of other designs . A development of the F.9/37 as a night fighter , for a new Air Ministry Specifications F.29/40 - known unofficially as the Gloster Reaper - was dropped so that Gloster could concentrate on existing work and on the nascent British jet projects .'}]}, {'value': '1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grumman XF5F Skyrocket', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket', 'summary': 'The Grumman XF5F Skyrocket was a prototype twin-engined shipboard fighter interceptor . The United States Navy ordered one prototype , model number G-34 , from Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation on 30 June 1938 ; its designation was XF5F-1 . The aircraft had a unique appearance : The forward nose of the fuselage did not extend forward of the wing . Provisions were included for two 23 mm ( 0.906 in ) Madsen cannon as armament .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grumman XP-50', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grumman_XP-50', 'summary': 'The Grumman XP-50 was a land-based development of the shipboard XF5F-1 Skyrocket fighter , entered into a United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) contest for a twin-engine heavy interceptor aircraft . The USAAC placed an order for a prototype on 25 November 1939 , designating it XP-50 , but it lost the competition to the Lockheed XP-49 .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawker Hotspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawker_Hotspur', 'summary': 'The Hawker Hotspur was a Hawker Henley redesigned to take a Boulton-Paul semi-powered four gun turret . It was designed in response to Air Ministry Specification F.9/35 , which required a powered turret as the main armament to replace the Hawker Demon .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hughes D-2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hughes_D-2', 'summary': 'The Hughes D-2 was an American fighter and bomber project begun by Howard Hughes as a private venture . It never proceeded past the flight testing phase but was the predecessor of the Hughes XF-11 . The sole D-2 was completed in 1942-1943 .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IMAM Ro.58', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IMAM_Ro.58', 'summary': 'The IMAM Ro.58 was an Italian twin-engined , two-seat monoplane heavy fighter and attack aircraft , a development of the IMAM Ro.57 . First flown in May 1942 , it was considered a general improvement over its predecessor , mainly due to the substitution of higher power Daimler-Benz DB 601 engines for the Fiat A.74 engines used on the Ro.57 . Initially it had many problems and during the maiden flight only the proficiency of the test pilot , Adriano Mantelli , saved the plane . It was easily recognizable because it appeared to have a long hump over the fuselage ( to accommodate two crew members as opposed to one in the Ro.57 ) . The Ro.58 was a twin-tailed aircraft , in layout similar to the Bf 110 . The performance of the aircraft with the DB 601 engines was much better than even many single engine fighters of the time ( 605 km/h at 5,000 m , 1,500 km endurance , 10,500 m ceiling ) . More heavily armed than its predecessor , with five forward-firing MG 151s ; three in the nose and two under the belly ( the underbelly guns were not present during the first flight tests ) and one 12.7 mm rear-facing Breda-SAFAT machine gun . Tested alongside an Me 410 it was found to be superior , but even so it initially had its share of problems that delayed production . By the time it was refined it was too late for Italy , and there were no resources even for single-engine fighters , much less the more expensive twin-engined ones . As with the Ro.57 , which was not put into production in 1940 or 1941 , the Ro.58 , better armed and faster appeared only in May 1942 , and too late to be produced in any numbers , as Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943 .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kawasaki Ki-64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-64', 'summary': 'The Kawasaki Ki-64 ( Allied code name : Rob ) was a one-off prototype of an experimental heavy , single seat , fighter . It had two unusual design features . First ; it had two Kawasaki Ha-40 engines in tandem ; one in the aircraft nose , the other behind the cockpit , both being connected by a drive shaft . This combination ( called the Kawasaki Ha-201 ) drove two , three-bladed , contra-rotating propellors . The second feature was the use of the wing surface as a radiator for the water-cooled engines . The aircraft first flew in December 1943 . During the fifth flight , the rear engine caught fire ; and while the aircraft made an emergency landing , it was damaged . The aircraft was subsequently abandoned in mid-1944 in favour of more promising projects . The airframe survived the war , and parts of the unique cooling system were sent to Wright Field for examination .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kawasaki Ki-96', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-96', 'summary': 'The Kawasaki Ki-96 was a Japanese single seat , twin-engine heavy fighter of World War II . It was intended to replace the Kawasaki Ki-45s of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service . However , it was not adopted and only three prototypes were built .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lockheed XP-49', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49', 'summary': 'The Lockheed XP-49 ( company Model 522 ) was an advancement on the P-38 Lightning for a fighter in response to U.S. Army Air Corps proposal 39-775 . Intended to use the new 24-cylinder Pratt & Whitney X-1800 engine , this proposal , which was for an aircraft substantially similar to the P-38 , was assigned the designation XP-49 , while the competing Grumman Model G-46 was awarded second place and designated XP-50 .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Prototypes -- Fighter prototypes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II_24', 'intro': 'The List of aircraft of World War II includes all the aircraft used by those countries which were at war during World War II from the period between their joining the conflict and the conflict ending for them. Aircraft developed but not used operationally in the war are in the prototypes section at the end. Prototypes for aircraft that entered service under a different design number are ignored in favour of the service version. The date the aircraft entered service, or was first flown if the service date is unknown or it did not enter service follows the name, followed by the country of origin and major wartime users. Aircraft used for multiple roles are generally only listed under their primary role unless specialized versions were built for other roles in significant numbers. Aircraft used by neutral countries such as Spain, Switzerland and Sweden or countries which did no significant fighting such as most of those in South America (except Brazil), are not included.'}
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What Boeing model of fighter plane , built by the US the same year Allied forces first set foot in Japan during World War II , never went into production ?
|
Boeing XF8B
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031ecacf0b64f3fb
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Deobandi_universities', 'title': 'List of Deobandi universities', 'header': ['S. No', 'University', 'Nick', 'Founded', 'Location', 'Website'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Deoband', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband', 'summary': 'The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic university in India where the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began . It is located at Deoband , a town in Saharanpur district , Uttar Pradesh . The school was founded in 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi'}]}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom & Deoband Madrasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband', 'summary': 'The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic university in India where the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began . It is located at Deoband , a town in Saharanpur district , Uttar Pradesh . The school was founded in 1866 by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi'}]}, {'value': '1866', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deoband , UP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deoband', 'summary': 'Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . Deoband is located about 150 km from Delhi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh', 'summary': "Uttar Pradesh ( /ˌʊtər prəˈdɛʃ/ ; IAST : Uttar Pradeś [ ˈʊtːəɾ pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a state in northern India . With roughly 200 million inhabitants , it is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world . It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule , and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950 . The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts with the capital being Lucknow . On 9 November 2000 , a new state , Uttarakhand , was carved out from the state 's Himalayan hill region . The two major rivers of the state , the Ganga and Yamuna , join at Allahabad ( Prayagraj ) and then flow as the Ganga further east . Hindi is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state , along with Urdu . The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest , Uttarakhand and Nepal to the north , Bihar to the east , Madhya Pradesh to the south , and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast . It covers 243,290 square kilometres ( 93,933 sq mi ) , equal to 7.34% of the total area of India , and is the fourth-largest Indian state by area . Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state 's economy . The service sector comprises travel and tourism , hotel industry , real estate , insurance and financial consultancies . The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹15.42 lakh crore ( US $ 220 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹61,000 ( US $ 860 ) ."}]}, {'value': '[ 18 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mazahirul Uloom Saharanpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazahirul_Uloom_Saharanpur', 'summary': 'Jamia Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur ( Urdu : جامعہ مظاہر علوم، سہارنپور ) is an old madrasa ( theological seminary ) established in Saharanpur , Uttar Pradesh , India . The Jamiah was founded in November 1866 just six months after Darul Uloom Deoband was founded in May 1866 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mazahirul Uloom & Saharanpur Madrasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazahirul_Uloom_Saharanpur', 'summary': 'Jamia Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur ( Urdu : جامعہ مظاہر علوم، سہارنپور ) is an old madrasa ( theological seminary ) established in Saharanpur , Uttar Pradesh , India . The Jamiah was founded in November 1866 just six months after Darul Uloom Deoband was founded in May 1866 .'}]}, {'value': '1866', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saharanpur , UP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saharanpur', 'summary': 'Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district . Saharanpur city grew in a region named after a Sufi Saint Shah Haroon Chishti . It was founded by Sah Ranbirsingh , a Jain nobleman , who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment . Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by MOUD as a part of Smart Cities Mission .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh', 'summary': "Uttar Pradesh ( /ˌʊtər prəˈdɛʃ/ ; IAST : Uttar Pradeś [ ˈʊtːəɾ pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a state in northern India . With roughly 200 million inhabitants , it is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world . It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule , and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950 . The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts with the capital being Lucknow . On 9 November 2000 , a new state , Uttarakhand , was carved out from the state 's Himalayan hill region . The two major rivers of the state , the Ganga and Yamuna , join at Allahabad ( Prayagraj ) and then flow as the Ganga further east . Hindi is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state , along with Urdu . The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest , Uttarakhand and Nepal to the north , Bihar to the east , Madhya Pradesh to the south , and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast . It covers 243,290 square kilometres ( 93,933 sq mi ) , equal to 7.34% of the total area of India , and is the fourth-largest Indian state by area . Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state 's economy . The service sector comprises travel and tourism , hotel industry , real estate , insurance and financial consultancies . The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹15.42 lakh crore ( US $ 220 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹61,000 ( US $ 860 ) ."}]}, {'value': ', [ 19 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrasa Al-Baqiyat As-Salihat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Al-Baqiyat_As-Salihat', 'summary': "Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College ( Bāqiyāt Aṣ-Ṣālihāt Arabic College ) is a notable Islamic college in Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India that was established in 1857 . The founder of the college is Shah Abdul Wahhab , he is one of the students of Al Arifbillah Qutbuz Zaman Syed Abdus Salaam Ibrahim ( Saalim Hazrat ) , the third of Madurai Maqbara hazrats in Madurai . The Imams of the Madarasa played a vital role in forming the strong Islamic institution in South India . The famous Tamil translation of Al-Quran by Moulana Abdul Hameed Baqavi was acknowledged by the eminent Muftis and Alims of this Madarasa . The seminary propagates the Sunni Islam and was founded by Shah Abdul Wahab also called as A'ala Hazrat or A'ala Hadrat . The graduates of this Madarasa are known as Baqavi ( Baqawi , Baquavi , Baqvi , Bakavi , Bakawi ) . This Madarasa had produced a good number of well-known Islamic Scholars ."}]}, {'value': 'Baqiyat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Al-Baqiyat_As-Salihat', 'summary': "Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College ( Bāqiyāt Aṣ-Ṣālihāt Arabic College ) is a notable Islamic college in Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India that was established in 1857 . The founder of the college is Shah Abdul Wahhab , he is one of the students of Al Arifbillah Qutbuz Zaman Syed Abdus Salaam Ibrahim ( Saalim Hazrat ) , the third of Madurai Maqbara hazrats in Madurai . The Imams of the Madarasa played a vital role in forming the strong Islamic institution in South India . The famous Tamil translation of Al-Quran by Moulana Abdul Hameed Baqavi was acknowledged by the eminent Muftis and Alims of this Madarasa . The seminary propagates the Sunni Islam and was founded by Shah Abdul Wahab also called as A'ala Hazrat or A'ala Hadrat . The graduates of this Madarasa are known as Baqavi ( Baqawi , Baquavi , Baqvi , Bakavi , Bakawi ) . This Madarasa had produced a good number of well-known Islamic Scholars ."}]}, {'value': '1866', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vellore', 'summary': "Vellore is a Smart city and the administrative headquarters of Vellore District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the banks of the Palar River in the north-eastern part of Tamil Nadu , the city has been ruled at different times , by the Pallavas , Medieval Cholas , Later Cholas , Vijayanagar Empire , Rashtrakutas , Carnatic kingdom and the British . The city has four zones ( a total of 60 wards ) covering an area of 87.915 km2 and has a population of 423,425 based on the 2001 census . It is located about 101 kilometres ( 63 mi ) west of Chennai city limits . Vellore is the nearest Major city from chennai and about 200 kilometres ( 124 mi ) east of Bangalore City limits . Vellore is administered by Vellore Municipal Corporation under a Mayor . It is a part of Vellore ( State Assembly Constituency ) and Vellore ( Lok Sabha constituency ) .Vellore is one of the oldest cities in India and was ruled by Vijaynagara kings over most of its history . The city is constructed in the form of a semi circle and is known as Second Madras too . Temples everywhere ! That 's Vellore in two words . Vellore is also famous for its culture and diversity . As a developing city , it has busy roads and traffic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tamil_Nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}, {'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul-uloom_Nadwatul_Ulama', 'summary': "Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama translated to English as House of Knowledge & Assembly of Scholars University is an Islamic institution at Lucknow , India , which draws large number of Muslim students from all over the world . Nadwatul Ulama fosters a diverse range of both scholars and students including Hanafis ( the predominant group ) , Shafi'is and Ahl al-Hadith . Additionally it is one of very few institutes in the region to teach the Islamic Sciences completely in Arabic . Nadwa means assembly and group , it was named nadwa because it was constituted by a group of great Islamic scholars of India in Kanpur . Darululoom is the educational body of Nadwat-ul-Ulama . It was eventually shifted to Lucknow in 1898 from Kanpur and updated the Islamic curricula with modern sciences , vocational training etc ."}]}, {'value': 'Nadwatul Ulama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul-uloom_Nadwatul_Ulama', 'summary': "Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama translated to English as House of Knowledge & Assembly of Scholars University is an Islamic institution at Lucknow , India , which draws large number of Muslim students from all over the world . Nadwatul Ulama fosters a diverse range of both scholars and students including Hanafis ( the predominant group ) , Shafi'is and Ahl al-Hadith . Additionally it is one of very few institutes in the region to teach the Islamic Sciences completely in Arabic . Nadwa means assembly and group , it was named nadwa because it was constituted by a group of great Islamic scholars of India in Kanpur . Darululoom is the educational body of Nadwat-ul-Ulama . It was eventually shifted to Lucknow in 1898 from Kanpur and updated the Islamic curricula with modern sciences , vocational training etc ."}]}, {'value': '1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucknow , India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucknow', 'summary': "Lucknow ( /ˈlʌknaʊ/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ ləkʰnəuː ] Lakhna ' ū ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh , and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division . It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India . Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub , and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries . It continues to be an important centre of governance , administration , education , commerce , aerospace , finance , pharmaceuticals , technology , design , culture , tourism , music and poetry . The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres ( 404 ft ) above sea level . Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometres ( 976 sq mi ) . Bounded on the east by Barabanki , on the west by Unnao , on the south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi , Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River . Historically , Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region , controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire . It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh . In 1856 , the British East India Company abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and , in 1857 , transferred it to the British Raj . Along with the rest of India , Lucknow became independent from Britain on 15 August 1947 . It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in India and 74th in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '[ 20 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamiah_Islamiah_Talimuddin_Dabhel', 'summary': 'Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel , popularly known as Dabhel Jamiah Islamiah or Jamiah Islamiah Dabhel , is one of the historical institutions of higher Islamic education in the sub-continent . Maulana Ahmed Hasan Bham , student of Maulana Ahmad Miya Lajpuri established the Jamia in 1908 A.D . It is situated at Dabhel , surat , India .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamiah Dabhel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamiah_Islamiah_Talimuddin_Dabhel', 'summary': 'Jamiah Islamiah Talimuddin Dabhel , popularly known as Dabhel Jamiah Islamiah or Jamiah Islamiah Dabhel , is one of the historical institutions of higher Islamic education in the sub-continent . Maulana Ahmed Hasan Bham , student of Maulana Ahmad Miya Lajpuri established the Jamia in 1908 A.D . It is situated at Dabhel , surat , India .'}]}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dabhel , Gujarat , India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dabhel', 'summary': 'Dabhel is a town in Gujarat state of India . It is famous for its Arabic education , most notably given in Jamiah Islamiah Talimud-din . Dabhel lies some 25-30 km south of Surat and 10-15 km north of Navsari , to the east is Vesma crossroad on National Highway 8 and to the west is Maroli . Arabian Sea is approximately 20 km from west from Dabhel . More than 90% inhabitants of Dabhel are of the Sunni sect . A proportion of Harijan do reside in Dabhel , however their numbers are dwindling as they move away . Nearest train station is Maroli on the Western Railway of India , which is west of Dabhel . To the east is Vesma cross roads on the National Highway 8 , which links to Mumbai and Baroda .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gujarat', 'summary': "Gujarat ( /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ , Gujarati : [ ˈɡudʒəɾɑt ] ( listen ) ) is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km ( 990 mi ) - most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula - and a population in excess of 60 million . It is the fifth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population . Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south , Maharashtra to the southeast , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west . Its capital city is Gandhinagar , while its largest city is Ahmedabad . The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state . The economy of Gujarat is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹13.14 lakh crore ( US $ 180 billion ) in GDP and a per capita GDP of ₹174,000 ( US $ 2,400 ) . Gujarat ranks fifteenth among Indian states in human development index . The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation , such as Lothal , Dholavira and Gola Dhoro . Lothal is believed to be one of the world 's first seaports . Gujarat 's coastal cities , chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat , served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires , and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era . Along with Bihar and Nagaland , Gujarat is one of the three Indian states to prohibit the sale of alcohol . Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat is home of the only wild population of the Asiatic lion in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamiatul Qasim Darul Uloom Al-Islamiah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamiatul_Qasim_Darul_Uloom_Al-Islamiah', 'summary': "Jamiatul Qasim Darul Uloom -il-Islamia is an Islamic seminary in India . The Jamia was established by Mufti Mahfoozur Rahman Usmani , an Islamic scholar of India , in 1989 , Indo-Nepal border , Bihar . There are 15 Qur'anic centres under the supervision of Jamiatul Qasim Darul Uloom -il-Islamia and 25 branches of the Jamia spread over the state of Bihar ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamiatul Qasim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamiatul_Qasim_Darul_Uloom_Al-Islamiah', 'summary': "Jamiatul Qasim Darul Uloom -il-Islamia is an Islamic seminary in India . The Jamia was established by Mufti Mahfoozur Rahman Usmani , an Islamic scholar of India , in 1989 , Indo-Nepal border , Bihar . There are 15 Qur'anic centres under the supervision of Jamiatul Qasim Darul Uloom -il-Islamia and 25 branches of the Jamia spread over the state of Bihar ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indo-Nepal border , Bihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India–Nepal_relations', 'summary': "The Republic of India and the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal initiated their relationship with the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations between the two countries , and an agreement governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian territory . The 1950 treaty and letters exchanged between the Indian government and Rana rulers of Nepal , stated that neither government shall tolerate any threat to the security of the other by a foreign aggressor and obligated both sides to inform each other of any serious friction or misunderstanding with any neighboring state likely to cause any breach in the friendly relations subsisting between the two governments . These accords cemented a special relationship between India and Nepal . The treaty also granted Nepalese , the same economic and educational opportunities as Indian citizens in India , while accounting for preferential treatment to Indian citizens and businesses compared to other nationalities in Nepal . The Indo-Nepal border is open ; Nepalese and Indian nationals may move freely across the border without passports or visas and may live and work in either country . However , Indians are n't allowed to own land-properties or work in government institutions in Nepal , while Nepalese nationals in India are allowed to work in Indian government institutions ( except in some states and some civil services the IFS , IAS , and IPS ) . After years of dissatisfaction by the Nepalese government , India in 2014 , agreed to revise and adjust the treaty to reflect the current realities . However , the modality of adjustment has n't been made clear by either side . Despite the close linguistic , marital , religious , and , cultural ties , at people to people level between Indians and Nepalese , since late 2015 , political issues and border disputes have strained relations between the two countries with anti-Indian sentiment growing amongst the government and people of Nepal . Further because of border disputes between the two countries , a boundary agreement has n't yet been ratified by either government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bihar', 'summary': "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '[ 21 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrasa Kashiful Huda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Kashiful_Huda', 'summary': 'Madrasa Kashiful Huda is an Islamic college located in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . The islamic institute adheres to Islam and was founded along the lines of Darul Uloom Deoband & Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College . The colllege was founded in 1974 by Moulana Abdul Majeed Baqavi'}]}, {'value': 'Kashiful Huda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Kashiful_Huda', 'summary': 'Madrasa Kashiful Huda is an Islamic college located in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . The islamic institute adheres to Islam and was founded along the lines of Darul Uloom Deoband & Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College . The colllege was founded in 1974 by Moulana Abdul Majeed Baqavi'}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai , Tamil Nadu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tamil_Nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}]}, {'value': '[ 22 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Sabeelus Salam Hyderabad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Sabeelus Salam Hyderabad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madinatul Ilm , Near Barkas , Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad,_India', 'summary': "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State"}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Hyderabad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Hyderabad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Nagar , Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad,_India', 'summary': "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State"}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrasa Mifthahul Uloom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Mifthahul_Uloom', 'summary': 'Madrasa Mifthahul Uloom is an Islamic religious seminary located in Melvisharam , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India . The seminary propagates the Deobandi trend of Sunni Islam and was founded along the lines of Darul Uloom Deoband . This Is one of the biggest Madarsa ( Arabic College ) In Tamilnadu , India . This community was founded by Malak Muhammad Hashim Sahib , who is also the founder of K.H Groups'}]}, {'value': 'Miftah & Miftahul Uloom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrasa_Mifthahul_Uloom', 'summary': 'Madrasa Mifthahul Uloom is an Islamic religious seminary located in Melvisharam , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India . The seminary propagates the Deobandi trend of Sunni Islam and was founded along the lines of Darul Uloom Deoband . This Is one of the biggest Madarsa ( Arabic College ) In Tamilnadu , India . This community was founded by Malak Muhammad Hashim Sahib , who is also the founder of K.H Groups'}]}, {'value': '19 ? ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melvisharam , Vellore Dist . , Tamil Nadu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melvisharam', 'summary': 'Melvisharam is a town and suburb of Vellore city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is 7 kilometres from Ranipet , 5 km from historic town of Arcot and 17 km from Vellore city . The Municipality of Melvisharam was constituted in the year 1951 as 1st Grade Town Panchayat and was subsequently upgraded as IIIrd Grade Municipality from 1.10.2005 The town has 21 Municipal wards . As of 2011 , the town had a population of 44,786 . The seasonal river Palar flows on the north side of the town .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vellore_district', 'summary': 'Vellore district is one of the 37 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India . It is one of the eleven districts that form the North ( Tondai Nadu ) region of Tamil Nadu . Vellore city is the headquarters of this district . As of 2011 , the district had a population of 3,936,331 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males . The Government of India recently included Vellore city in its prestigious Smart City project , along with 26 other cities .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tamil_Nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrasa Mazahirul Uloom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mazahir & Mazahirul Uloom', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 ? ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salem , Tamil Nadu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salem,_Tamil_Nadu', 'summary': 'Salem ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is located about 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) northeast of Coimbatore , 186 kilometres ( 116 mi ) southeast of Karnataka state capital Bangalore and about 340 kilometres ( 210 mi ) southwest of the state capital , Chennai . Salem is the Sixth largest city in Tamil Nadu by population and covers 124 km2 ( 48 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tamil_Nadu', 'summary': "Tamil Nadu ( Tamil : [ ˈt̪amiɻ ˈn̪aːɽɯ ] ( listen ) ) , is one of the 28 states of India . Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , and Andhra Pradesh . It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north , by the Nilgiri Mountains , the Meghamalai Hills , and Kerala on the west , by the Bay of Bengal in the east , by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast , and by the Indian Ocean on the south . The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka . The region was ruled by several empires , including the three great empires - Chera , Chola and Pandyan empires , which shape the region 's cuisine , culture , and architecture . The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai , then known as Madras , as a world-class city . Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines . The state is home to a number of historic buildings , multi-religious pilgrimage sites , hill stations and three World Heritage sites . Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population . The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹16.64 lakh crore ( US $ 230 billion ) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of ₹194,000 ( US $ 2,700 ) . Tamil Nadu has the sixth highest ranking among Indian states in human development index ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Al Islamiyya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oachira , Kollam , Kerala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oachira', 'summary': 'Oachira or Ochira ( Ōcciṟa ) is an ancient temple town located 32 km away from Kollam city in Karunagappally taluk , Kollam district in Kerala , India .'}]}, {'value': '[ 23 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Al Sabeel Ur Rashad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Al Sabeel Ur Rashad', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangalore , Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangalore,_Karnataka', 'summary': "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Arabiyyah Islamiyyah , Bharuch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Kanthariya', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanthariya , Bharuch , Gujarat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharuch', 'summary': "Bharuch ( listen ( help·info ) ) , formerly known as Broach , [ a ] is a city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India . Bharuch is the administrative headquarters of Bharuch District and is a municipality of about 370,000 inhabitants . Being one of the biggest industrial areas including Ankleshwar GIDC , it is at times referred to as the chemical capital of India . The village of Bharuch and its surroundings have been settled since times of antiquity . It was a ship building centre and sea port in the pre-compass coastal trading routes to points West , perhaps as far back as the days of the pharaohs . The route made use of the regular and predictable monsoon winds or galleys . Many goods from the Far East ( the famed Spice and Silk trade ) were shipped there during the annual monsoon winds , making it a terminus for several key land-sea trade routes . Bharuch was known to the Greeks , the various Persian Empires , in the Roman Republic and Empire , and in other Western centres of civilisation through the end of the European Middle Ages . During the eight century , the town of bharuch was ruled by King Mayur giving rise to the Chaudhry Dynasty . The king ruled the city for 50 years and was popularly known as the 'Majnu of Bharuch ' . In the 3rd century , Bharuch port was mentioned as Barugaza . Arab traders entered Gujarat via Bharuch to do business ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gujarat', 'summary': "Gujarat ( /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ , Gujarati : [ ˈɡudʒəɾɑt ] ( listen ) ) is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km ( 990 mi ) - most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula - and a population in excess of 60 million . It is the fifth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population . Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south , Maharashtra to the southeast , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west . Its capital city is Gandhinagar , while its largest city is Ahmedabad . The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state . The economy of Gujarat is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹13.14 lakh crore ( US $ 180 billion ) in GDP and a per capita GDP of ₹174,000 ( US $ 2,400 ) . Gujarat ranks fifteenth among Indian states in human development index . The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation , such as Lothal , Dholavira and Gola Dhoro . Lothal is believed to be one of the world 's first seaports . Gujarat 's coastal cities , chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat , served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires , and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era . Along with Bihar and Nagaland , Gujarat is one of the three Indian states to prohibit the sale of alcohol . Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat is home of the only wild population of the Asiatic lion in the world ."}]}, {'value': '[ 24 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom , Akkalkuwa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamia_Islamia_Ishaatul_Uloom', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akkalkuwa , Nandurbar , Maharashtra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akkalkuwa', 'summary': 'Akkalkuwa is a town and the administrative headquarters of Akkalkuwa taluka of Nandurbar district in Maharashtra state . Akkalkuwa lies in Satpuda range of hills , with Narmada river forming northern boundary . Akarni and Taloda talukas lie on the east while southern and western boundaries are occupied by Gujarat state . Because of the hilly terrain with more than fifty percent area falling under forest . This taluka has no Nagarpalika . Big villages are Khapar and Molgi in this taluka . Population of this town is 17,840 ( 2011 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nandurbar', 'summary': 'Nandurbar pronunciation ( help·info ) is a city and a municipal council in Nandurbar district in the Indian state of Maharashtra . Nandurbar municipal corporation is the first municipal corporation . Nandurbar is an administrative district in the northwest corner of ( Khandesh region ) of Maharashtra . On 1 July 1998 Dhule was bifurcated as two separate districts now known as Dhule and Nandurbar . The district headquarters is located at Nandurbar city . The district occupies an area of 5034 km2 and has a population of 1,311,709 of which 15.45% is urban ( as of 2001 ) . Nandurbar district is bounded to the south and south-east by Dhule district , to the west and north is the state of Gujarat , to the north and north-east is the state of Madhya Pradesh . The northern boundary of the district is defined by the great Narmada river . It came into limelight during February 2006 bird flu crisis which struck many of its poultry farms . Thousand of chickens from the farms had to be killed and buried in nearby grounds to stop the virus spreading .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maharashtra', 'summary': "Maharashtra ( /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ ; Marathi : [ məharaːʂʈrə ] ( listen ) , abbr . MH ) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau . It is the second-most populous state and third-largest state by area . Spread over 307,713 km2 ( 118,809 sq mi ) , it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south , Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east , Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north , and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the north west . It is also the world 's third-most populous subnational entity . Maharashtra was formed by merging the western and south-western parts of the Bombay State , Berar and Vidarbha , and the north-western parts of the Hyderabad State and splitting Saurashtra ( in present-day Gujarat ) by the States Reorganisation Act . It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital , Mumbai , has a population around 18 million making it the most populous urban area in India . Nagpur hosts the winter session of the state legislature . Pune is known as the 'Oxford of the East ' due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions . Nashik is known as the 'Wine Capital of India ' as it has the largest number of wineries and vineyards in the country . The Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state . The Narmada and Tapi Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat ."}]}, {'value': '[ 25 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Raheemiya , Bandipora', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RAHEEMIAH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bandipora , KASHMIR , JAMMU AND KASHMIR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandipora', 'summary': 'Bandipore ( English : /ˌbændɪˈpɔː/ ) or Bandipora is the headquarters of district of Bandipore in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir , India . It is located on the northern banks of Wullar - the second-largest freshwater lake in Asia . Bandipora has a terraced garden similar to that of Nishat Bagh in Srinagar . Bandipora is bound by mountains on three sides and by Wular Lake on the fourth .'}]}, {'value': '[ 26 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Uloom Bilaliya , srinagar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bilaliya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 26 , 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lal Bazar Srinagar , KASHMIR , JAMMU AND KASHMIR', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 27 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Arabia , Karajgram', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Karajgram', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burdwan , West Bengal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burdwan', 'summary': 'Bardhaman ( /ˈbɑːrdəˌmən/ , Bengali : [ bɔrdʱoman ] ) is a city and a municipality in the state of West Bengal , India . It is the headquarters of Purba Bardhaman district , having become a district capital during the period of British rule . Burdwan , an alternative name for the city , has remained in use since that period . The history of Burdwan is known from about 5000 BC ( the Mesolithic or Late Stone Age ) . [ citation needed ] The origin of this name dates back to the 6th century BCE and is ascribed to Vardhaman Swami or Mahavira ( 599-527 BCE ) , the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism , who spent some time in Astikagrama , according to the Jain scripture of Kalpasutra . This place was renamed as Vardhamana in his honour .'}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Bengal', 'summary': "West Bengal ( /bɛnˈɡɔːl/ ; Bengali : Paschim Banga ) is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal . With over 91 million inhabitants ( as of 2011 ) , it is India 's fourth-most populous state . West Bengal is the thirteenth-largest Indian state , with an area of 88,752 km2 ( 34,267 sq mi ) . Part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent , it borders Bangladesh in the east , and Nepal and Bhutan in the north . It also borders the Indian states of Odisha , Jharkhand , Bihar , Sikkim , and Assam . The state capital is Kolkata ( Calcutta ) the seventh-largest city in India , and center of the third-largest metropolitan area in the country . West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region , the Ganges delta , the Rarh region , and the coastal Sundarbans . The main ethnic group is the Bengalis , with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority . The area 's early history featured a succession of Indian empires , internal squabbling , and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance . Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas ( kingdoms ) , while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period . The region was part of several ancient pan−Indian empires , including the Mauryans and Guptas . It was also a bastion of regional kingdoms ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamia Islamia Arabia Siraajul Uloom , Haldwani', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madarsa Banjaraan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haldwani , Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haldwani', 'summary': 'Haldwani [ ɦəld̪ʋaːniː ] is the second most populous city , the largest commercial market [ citation needed ] in the Indian state of Uttarakhand . With a population of 556,078 in 2011 , it is also the largest city of the Kumaon region . Haldwani is located in the Nainital District , and is one of its eight Subdivisions . The Haldwani Urban agglomeration has 10,32,095 people , and is the third most populous UA in Uttarakhand , after Dehradun and Haridwar . Being situated in the immediate foothils of Kumaon Himalayas , Haldwani is known as the Gateway to Kumaon . The name Haldwani is an anglicised version of the Kumaoni word Halduvani ( literally forest of Haldu ) , named after the tree of Haldu ( Kadamb ) , known to botanists as Haldina cordifolia . The Haldu trees were found in abundance prior to deforestation for agriculture and settlement . The place was regionally known as Halduvani until George William Traill took over as Commissioner of Kumaon and renamed it to Haldwani in 1834 . Located in the Bhabhar region in the Himalayan foothills on the banks of the Gaula River , the town of Haldwani was established in 1834 , as a mart for hill people who visited Bhabar during the cold season . The establishment of the Bareilly-Nainital provincial road in 1882 and the Bhojeepura-Kathgodam railway line by Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway in 1884 helped develop the town into a major trading post and then a hub between the hilly regions of Kumaon and the Indo-Gangetic Plains .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamatush Shaikh Hussain Ahmad Al-Madni , Deoband', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamiatush Shaikh', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deoband', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deoband', 'summary': 'Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . Deoband is located about 150 km from Delhi .'}]}, {'value': 'www.jamiatushshaikhdeoband.in', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'India', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Deobandi_Islamic_Universities_Worldwide_2', 'intro': "Deobandi (Urdu: دیو بندی , Russian: Деобанди, Bengali: দেওবন্দ, Hindi: देवबन्दी) is a term used for a revivalist movement in the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah(Sunni)[citation needed] in Islam. It is centered primarily in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh and has recently spread to the United Kingdom and has a presence in South Africa. The name derives from Deoband, India, where the school Darul Uloom Deoband is situated. The movement was inspired by the spirit of scholar Shah Waliullah (1703-1762),while the foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband was laid on 30 May 1866."}
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Who founded the school in Deoband , UP ?
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Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
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031f1c219e6097eb
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Electronic_Arts', 'title': 'List of acquisitions by Electronic Arts', 'header': ['Date', 'Company', 'Business', 'Country', 'Value ( USD )', 'Derived Studios'], 'data': [{'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batteries Included †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batteries_Included_(company)', 'summary': 'Batteries Included was a computer software and hardware company based in the Toronto area . It developed products for the Apple II , Atari 8-bit family , Atari ST , Commodore 64 , and MS-DOS . The company was best known in the 1980s for its popular PaperClip word processor , which was available for the Atari 8-bit family and Commodore 64 . Batteries Included was acquired by Electronic Arts in 1987 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hardware and software developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware', 'summary': 'Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer , such as the case , central processing unit ( CPU ) , monitor , keyboard , computer data storage , graphics card , sound card , speakers and motherboard . By contrast , software is the set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware . Hardware is so-termed because it is hard or rigid with respect to changes , whereas software is soft because it is easy to change . Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction . A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system , although other systems exist with only hardware .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Software_developer', 'summary': "A computer programmer , sometimes called more recently a coder ( especially in more informal contexts ) , is a person who creates computer software . The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computers , or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software . A programmer 's most oft-used computer language ( e.g. , Assembly , COBOL , C , C++ , C # , JavaScript , Lisp , Python ) may be prefixed to the term programmer . Some who work with web programming languages also prefix their titles with web . A range of occupations that involve programming also often require a range of other , similar skills , for example : ( software ) developer , web developer , mobile applications developer , embedded firmware developer , software engineer , computer scientist , game programmer , game developer and software analyst . The use of the term programmer as applied to these positions is sometimes considered an insulting simplification or even derogatory ."}]}, {'value': 'CAN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1 , 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Distinctive Software Inc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Distinctive_Software_Inc.', 'summary': 'Distinctive Software Inc. ( DSI ) was a Canadian video game developer established in Burnaby , British Columbia , by Don Mattrick and Jeff Sember after their success with the game Evolution . Mattrick ( age 17 ) and Jeff Sember approached Sydney Development Corporation , who agreed to publish Evolution in 1982 . Distinctive Software was the predecessor to EA Canada . Distinctive Software was best known in the late 1980s for their ports , racing and sports games , including the Test Drive series and Stunts . DSI also made sports games like 4D Boxing , and the second title in the Hardball series , Hardball II . In 1991 , DSI was acquired by Electronic Arts in a deal worth US $ 10 million and became EA Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'CAN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Vancouver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EA_Canada', 'summary': "EA Vancouver ( also known as EA Burnaby and formerly known as EA Canada ) is a video game developer located in Burnaby , British Columbia . The development studio opened as Distinctive Software in January 1983 , and is also Electronic Arts 's largest and oldest studio . EA Canada employs approximately 1,300 people , and houses the world 's largest video game test operation ."}]}, {'value': 'September 10 , 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Origin Systems †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Origin_Systems', 'summary': 'Origin Systems was an American video game developer based in Austin , Texas . It was founded on March 3 , 1983 , by Richard Garriott and his brother Robert . Origin is best known for their groundbreaking work in multiple genres of video games , such as the Ultima and Wing Commander series . The company was purchased by Electronic Arts in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Science fiction space sim & Fantasy role-playing game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Space_sim', 'summary': "A space simulator is a system that tries to replicate or simulate outer space as closely and realistically as possible . The experience of space flight in a spacecraft is usually part of this . This includes full-size cockpit replicas mounted on hydraulic rams and controlled by state of the art computer technology ; elaborate watertanks for simulation of weightlessness ; and devices used by scientists to study the physics and environment of outer space . Space flight simulators are used almost solely by the aerospace industry and the military for cosmonaut/astronaut training , disaster simulation and spacecraft design . Examples of devices that simulate the environment of outer space include the Large Space Simulator at the European Space Research and Technology Centre and The Space Simulator at the Los Alamos National Laboratory . The world 's first Space Simulator that is available for the public and is for entertainment is at SimCenter Tampa Bay in Clearwater , Florida and it allows people to travel in space in virtual reality ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Role-playing_game', 'summary': "A role-playing game ( sometimes spelled roleplaying game ; abbreviated RPG ) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting . Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative , either through literal acting , or through a process of structured decision-making regarding character development . Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines . There are several forms of role-playing games . The original form , sometimes called the tabletop role-playing game ( TRPG ) , is conducted through discussion , whereas in live action role-playing ( LARP ) , players physically perform their characters ' actions . In both of these forms , an arranger called a game master ( GM ) usually decides on the rules and setting to be used , while acting as the referee ; each of the other players takes on the role of a single character . Several varieties of RPG also exist in electronic media , such as multiplayer text-based Multi-User Dungeons ( MUDs ) and their graphics-based successors , massively multiplayer online role-playing games ( MMORPGs ) . Role-playing games also include single-player role-playing video games in which players control a character , or team of characters , who undertake ( s ) quests , and may include player capabilities that advance using statistical mechanics . These electronic games sometimes share settings and rules with tabletop RPGs , but emphasize character advancement more than collaborative storytelling . This type of game is well-established , so some RPG-related game forms , such as trading/collectible card games ( CCGs ) and wargames , may not be included under the definition . Some amount of role-playing activity may be present in such games , but it is not the primary focus . The term role-playing game is also sometimes used to describe games involving roleplay simulation and exercises used in teaching , training , and academic research ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '$ 35,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 14 , 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DROsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DROsoft', 'summary': 'DROsoft is a computer and video game software distributor headquartered in Madrid , Spain . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on November 14 , 1994 . It was acquired in order to allow direct distribution of software to the Spanish region .'}]}, {'value': 'Software distributor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software', 'summary': 'Computer software , or simply software , is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work . This is in contrast to physical hardware , from which the system is built and actually performs the work . In computer science and software engineering , computer software is all information processed by computer systems , programs and data . Computer software includes computer programs , libraries and related non-executable data , such as online documentation or digital media . Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own . At the lowest programming level , [ clarification needed ] executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor - typically a central processing unit ( CPU ) or a graphics processing unit ( GPU ) . A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state . For example , an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer - an effect that is not directly observable to the user . An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations , for example displaying some text on a computer screen ; causing state changes which should be visible to the user . The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided , unless it is instructed to jump to a different instruction , or is interrupted by the operating system . As of 2015 [ update ] , most personal computers , smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple execution units or multiple processors performing computation together , and computing has become a much more concurrent activity than in the past . The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages .'}]}, {'value': 'ESP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 6 , 1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bullfrog Productions †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bullfrog_Productions', 'summary': "Bullfrog Productions Limited was a British video game developer based in Guildford , England . Founded in 1987 by Peter Molyneux and Les Edgar , the company gained recognition in 1989 for their third release , Populous , and is also well known for titles such as Theme Park , Magic Carpet , Syndicate and Dungeon Keeper . Bullfrog 's name was derived from an ornament in the offices of Edgar 's and Molyneux 's other enterprise , Taurus Impact Systems , Bullfrog 's precursor where Molyneux and Edgar were developing business software . Bullfrog Productions was founded as a separate entity after Commodore mistook Taurus for a similarly named company . Electronic Arts , Bullfrog 's publisher , acquired the studio in January 1995 . Molyneux had become an Electronic Arts vice-president and consultant in 1994 , after EA purchased a significant share of Bullfrog . Molyneux 's last project with Bullfrog was Dungeon Keeper , and as a result of his dissatisfaction of the corporate aspects of his position , he left the company in July 1997 to found Lionhead Studios . Others would follow them to Lionhead , and some founded their own companies , such as Mucky Foot Productions . After Molyneux 's departure , Electronic Arts ' control over Bullfrog caused several projects to be cancelled . Bullfrog was merged into EA UK in 2001 and ceased to exist as a separate entity . Bullfrog titles have been looked upon as a standard for comparison and have spawned numerous spiritual sequels ."}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 8 , 1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingsoft GmbH †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingsoft_GmbH', 'summary': "Kingsoft GmbH was a German video game company based in Aachen . The company was founded in 1982 by Fritz Schäfer out of his parents ' house in Mulartshütte ( Roetgen ) to sell his chess simulation game Boss ( later renamed Grandmaster ) , which he developed the year before . Kingsoft expanded into third-party publishing in 1983 , starting with Galaxy by Henrik Wening . Most of their games were released for computers developed by Commodore International , predominantly the Commodore 64 , Commodore 16 and later Amiga , and were usually based on other company 's titles for different platforms . Kingsoft moved to Aachen in 1987 and established a distribution service before ceasing publishing in favour of distribution in 1993 . The company was acquired in March 1995 by Electronic Arts , who retired the Kingsoft name later that year ."}]}, {'value': 'Software distributor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software', 'summary': 'Computer software , or simply software , is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work . This is in contrast to physical hardware , from which the system is built and actually performs the work . In computer science and software engineering , computer software is all information processed by computer systems , programs and data . Computer software includes computer programs , libraries and related non-executable data , such as online documentation or digital media . Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own . At the lowest programming level , [ clarification needed ] executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor - typically a central processing unit ( CPU ) or a graphics processing unit ( GPU ) . A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state . For example , an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer - an effect that is not directly observable to the user . An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations , for example displaying some text on a computer screen ; causing state changes which should be visible to the user . The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided , unless it is instructed to jump to a different instruction , or is interrupted by the operating system . As of 2015 [ update ] , most personal computers , smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple execution units or multiple processors performing computation together , and computing has become a much more concurrent activity than in the past . The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages .'}]}, {'value': 'GER', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 29 , 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manley & Associates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manley_&_Associates', 'summary': "Manley & Associates was an independent video game developer founded in 1982 , which developed over 70 titles for video game publishers , including Electronic Arts , Activision , Disney , GameTek , Publishing International , and Spectrum Holobyte . Many of the company 's early titles were one or two person projects created in founder Ivan Manley 's house , but eventually it grew to roughly 60 people working from an office park in Issaquah , Washington . Hometown U.S.A. ( Publishing International ) won the Software Publishers ' Association 's award for the Best Creativity Program , Educational Category , 1988 . In the mid-1990s , Manley & Associates did a number of ports for Electronic Arts and was subsequently acquired by EA in 1996 . Explaining the decision to sell the company to EA , Ivan Manley said that in order to invest in newer technologies , Manley & Associates had to either become a publisher or merge with an established publisher . The studio was relocated to neighboring Bellevue , Washington and renamed Electronic Arts Seattle . EA Seattle closed in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Electronic_Arts', 'summary': "Electronic Arts Inc. ( EA ) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City , California . It is the second-largest gaming company in the Americas and Europe by revenue and market capitalization after Activision Blizzard and ahead of Take-Two Interactive and Ubisoft as of March 2018 . Founded and incorporated on May 27 , 1982 , by Apple employee Trip Hawkins , the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games . EA published numerous games and productivity software for personal computers and later experimented on techniques to internally develop games , leading to the 1987 release of Skate or Die ! . The company would later decide in favor of abandoning their original principles and acquiring smaller companies that they see profitable , as well as annually releasing franchises to stay profitable . Currently , EA develops and publishes games of established franchises , including Battlefield , Need for Speed , The Sims , Medal of Honor , Command & Conquer , Dead Space , Mass Effect , Dragon Age , Army of Two , Titanfall , and Star Wars , as well as the EA Sports titles FIFA , Madden NFL , NBA Live , NHL , and EA Sports UFC . Their desktop titles appear on self-developed Origin , an online gaming digital distribution platform for PCs and a direct competitor to Valve 's Steam and Epic Games ' Store . EA also owns and operates major gaming studios such as EA Tiburon in Orlando , EA Vancouver in Burnaby , DICE in Sweden and Los Angeles , BioWare in Edmonton and Austin , and Respawn Entertainment in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': 'June 4 , 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maxis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maxis', 'summary': "Maxis is an American video game developer and a division of Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The studio was founded in 1987 by Will Wright and Jeff Braun , and acquired by EA in 1997 . Maxis is best known for its simulation games , including The Sims . Maxis ' Emeryville studio was closed in March 2015 , moving development of Maxis titles to other EA studio locations . Employees of the Emeryville studio were given opportunities to explore other positions within Maxis and other EA studios . In an organisational restructure later in September , the now consolidated Maxis team was moved to function alongside EA Mobile ."}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer and publisher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '$ 125,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maxis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maxis', 'summary': "Maxis is an American video game developer and a division of Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The studio was founded in 1987 by Will Wright and Jeff Braun , and acquired by EA in 1997 . Maxis is best known for its simulation games , including The Sims . Maxis ' Emeryville studio was closed in March 2015 , moving development of Maxis titles to other EA studio locations . Employees of the Emeryville studio were given opportunities to explore other positions within Maxis and other EA studios . In an organisational restructure later in September , the now consolidated Maxis team was moved to function alongside EA Mobile ."}]}, {'value': 'April 2 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiburon Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiburon_Entertainment', 'summary': 'EA Tiburon is an Electronic Arts video game development studio located in Maitland , Florida , United States founded in 1994 . It was formerly known as Tiburon Entertainment , which was acquired by EA in 1998 . EA had already purchased a minority equity interest in Tiburon in May 1996 , the terms of which included that Tiburon would develop games exclusively for EA . The studio is best known for developing the Madden NFL series of games . In addition to the usual titles developed by the studio which include Madden , NCAA Football , NFL Street , NASCAR , and NFL Head Coach , in late 2006 Tiburon released the Superman Returns game based on the movie of the same name . EA Tiburon has taken over the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series from EA Salt Lake as of the 2008 edition of the game .'}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Tiburon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EA_Tiburon', 'summary': 'EA Tiburon is an Electronic Arts video game development studio located in Maitland , Florida , United States founded in 1994 . It was formerly known as Tiburon Entertainment , which was acquired by EA in 1998 . EA had already purchased a minority equity interest in Tiburon in May 1996 , the terms of which included that Tiburon would develop games exclusively for EA . The studio is best known for developing the Madden NFL series of games . In addition to the usual titles developed by the studio which include Madden , NCAA Football , NFL Street , NASCAR , and NFL Head Coach , in late 2006 Tiburon released the Superman Returns game based on the movie of the same name . EA Tiburon has taken over the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series from EA Salt Lake as of the 2008 edition of the game .'}]}, {'value': 'April 8 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vision Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vision_Software', 'summary': 'Vision Software is a computer and video game software distributor , headquartered in Johannesburg , South Africa , and founded in 1990 . They were acquired by Electronic Arts ( EA ) on April 8 , 1996 . Vision was the leader of software sales in South Africa at the time of its purchase by EA . They have regional offices in the cities of Durban and Cape Town , and had a high amount of growth in sales to Kenya , and neighbors of South Africa , which are Zimbabwe , Namibia , Botswana and Swaziland . It was acquired in order to allow direct distribution of software to the South African and neighboring regions .'}]}, {'value': 'Software distributor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software', 'summary': 'Computer software , or simply software , is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work . This is in contrast to physical hardware , from which the system is built and actually performs the work . In computer science and software engineering , computer software is all information processed by computer systems , programs and data . Computer software includes computer programs , libraries and related non-executable data , such as online documentation or digital media . Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own . At the lowest programming level , [ clarification needed ] executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor - typically a central processing unit ( CPU ) or a graphics processing unit ( GPU ) . A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state . For example , an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer - an effect that is not directly observable to the user . An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations , for example displaying some text on a computer screen ; causing state changes which should be visible to the user . The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided , unless it is instructed to jump to a different instruction , or is interrupted by the operating system . As of 2015 [ update ] , most personal computers , smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple execution units or multiple processors performing computation together , and computing has become a much more concurrent activity than in the past . The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages .'}]}, {'value': 'RSA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vision Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vision_Software', 'summary': 'Vision Software is a computer and video game software distributor , headquartered in Johannesburg , South Africa , and founded in 1990 . They were acquired by Electronic Arts ( EA ) on April 8 , 1996 . Vision was the leader of software sales in South Africa at the time of its purchase by EA . They have regional offices in the cities of Durban and Cape Town , and had a high amount of growth in sales to Kenya , and neighbors of South Africa , which are Zimbabwe , Namibia , Botswana and Swaziland . It was acquired in order to allow direct distribution of software to the South African and neighboring regions .'}]}, {'value': 'July 28 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABC Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABC_Software', 'summary': 'ABC Software is a computer and video game software distributor founded in 1991 . The initial company was located in Switzerland , and is known as ABC Software Switzerland . Its subsidiary , ABC Software Austria , was established in 1993 . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on July 28 , 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'Software distributor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software', 'summary': 'Computer software , or simply software , is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work . This is in contrast to physical hardware , from which the system is built and actually performs the work . In computer science and software engineering , computer software is all information processed by computer systems , programs and data . Computer software includes computer programs , libraries and related non-executable data , such as online documentation or digital media . Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own . At the lowest programming level , [ clarification needed ] executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor - typically a central processing unit ( CPU ) or a graphics processing unit ( GPU ) . A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state . For example , an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer - an effect that is not directly observable to the user . An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations , for example displaying some text on a computer screen ; causing state changes which should be visible to the user . The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided , unless it is instructed to jump to a different instruction , or is interrupted by the operating system . As of 2015 [ update ] , most personal computers , smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple execution units or multiple processors performing computation together , and computing has become a much more concurrent activity than in the past . The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages .'}]}, {'value': 'CH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABC Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABC_Software', 'summary': 'ABC Software is a computer and video game software distributor founded in 1991 . The initial company was located in Switzerland , and is known as ABC Software Switzerland . Its subsidiary , ABC Software Austria , was established in 1993 . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on July 28 , 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 17 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Westwood Studios ; Virgin Interactive 's North American Operations , Burst Studios †", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westwood_Studios', 'summary': "Westwood Studios , Inc. was an American video game developer , based in Las Vegas , Nevada . It was founded by Brett Sperry and Louis Castle in 1985 as Westwood Associates and was renamed Westwood Studios when it merged with Virgin Games ( later Virgin Interactive Entertainment ) in 1992 . The company was bought by Electronic Arts alongside Virgin Interactive 's North American operations in 1998 . In January 2003 , it was announced that Westwood , alongside EA Pacific , would be merged into EA Los Angeles . The studio closed in March that year . Westwood is best known for developing real-time strategy , adventure and role-playing genres . It was listed in Guinness World Records for selling more than 10 million copies of Command & Conquer worldwide ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Virgin_Interactive', 'summary': "Virgin Interactive Entertainment was the video game publishing division of British conglomerate the Virgin Group . It was formed as Virgin Games in 1983 . Initially built around a small development team called the Gang of Five , the company grew significantly after purchasing budget label Mastertronic in 1987 . Virgin was home to renowned developers who went on to create successful franchises with other studios like Westwood Studios ( Command & Conquer series ) and Shiny Entertainment ( Earthworm Jim ) . As Virgin 's video game division grew into a multimedia powerhouse , it crossed over to other industries from toys to film to education . To highlight its focus beyond video games and on multimedia , the publisher was renamed Virgin Interactive Entertainment in 1993 . As result of a growing trend throughout the 1990s of media companies , movie studios and telecom firms investing in video game makers to create new forms of entertainment , VIE became part of the entertainment industry after being acquired by media behemoths Blockbuster and Viacom , who were attracted by its edge in multimedia and CD-ROM-based software development . Being centrally located in close proximity to the thirty-mile zone and having access to the media content of its parent companies drew Virgin Interactive 's U.S. division closer to Hollywood as it began developing sophisticated interactive games , leading to partnerships with Disney and other major studios on motion picture-based games such as The Lion King , Aladdin , RoboCop and The Terminator , in addition to being the publisher of popular titles from other companies like Capcom 's Resident Evil series and Street Fighter Collection and id Software 's Doom II in the European market . VIE ceased to exist in mid-2003 after being acquired by French publisher Titus Software who rebranded them to Avalon Interactive in July of that year . The VIE library and intellectual properties are owned by Interplay Entertainment as a result of its acquisition of Titus . A close affiliate and successor of Spanish origin , Virgin Play , was formed in 2002 from the ashes of former Virgin Interactive 's Spanish division and kept operating until it folded in 2009 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/EA_Pacific', 'summary': "EA Pacific ( formerly known as Burst Studios and Westwood Pacific ) was a developer formally owned by Virgin Interactive 's North American operations , and was based in Irvine , California . Burst Studios was beset by production problems during its early years ; Virgin Interactive 's president of worldwide publishing , Brett W. Sperry , commented in 1997 , The way the Burst studio was structured made a lot of sense on paper , but for a variety of reasons , it was n't delivering product at the end of the day . Burst Studios was acquired by Electronic Arts together with Westwood Studios and Virgin 's North American publishing operations in August 1998 . The company was later renamed to Westwood Pacific , under that name , the company developed or co-developed games like Nox and Command & Conquer : Generals . It was later renamed to EA Pacific . Some actual Westwood Studios employees were still working with the studio . One of the senior modelers , who worked on Command & Conquer ( 1995 ) , was part of the Command & Conquer : Generals ( 2003 ) team . EA Pacific was absorbed into EA Los Angeles in 2003 . Some employees then went to Petroglyph Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Computer and video game developers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Computer_game', 'summary': 'A PC game , also known as a computer game or personal computer game , is a type of video game played on a personal computer rather than a video game console or arcade machine . Its defining characteristics include : more diverse and user-determined gaming hardware and software ; and generally greater capacity in input , processing , video and audio output . The uncoordinated nature of the PC game market , and now its lack of physical media , make precisely assessing its size difficult . Home computer games became popular following the video game crash of 1983 , leading to the era of the bedroom coder . In the 1990s , PC games lost mass-market traction to console games , before enjoying a resurgence in the mid-2000s through digital distribution . Newzoo reports that the PC gaming sector is the third-largest category ( and estimated in decline ) across all platforms as of 2016 [ update ] , with the console sector second-largest , and mobile/smartphone gaming sector biggest . 2.2 billion video gamers generate US $ 101.1 billion in revenue , excluding hardware costs . Digital game revenues will account for $ 94.4 billion or 87% of the global market . Mobile is the most lucrative segment , with smartphone and tablet gaming growing 19% year on year to $ 46.1 billion , claiming 42% of the market . In 2020 , mobile gaming will represent just more than half of the total games market . [ . ] China expected to generate $ 27.5 billion , or one-quarter of all revenues in 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developers', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '$ 122,500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Pacific †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EA_Pacific', 'summary': "EA Pacific ( formerly known as Burst Studios and Westwood Pacific ) was a developer formally owned by Virgin Interactive 's North American operations , and was based in Irvine , California . Burst Studios was beset by production problems during its early years ; Virgin Interactive 's president of worldwide publishing , Brett W. Sperry , commented in 1997 , The way the Burst studio was structured made a lot of sense on paper , but for a variety of reasons , it was n't delivering product at the end of the day . Burst Studios was acquired by Electronic Arts together with Westwood Studios and Virgin 's North American publishing operations in August 1998 . The company was later renamed to Westwood Pacific , under that name , the company developed or co-developed games like Nox and Command & Conquer : Generals . It was later renamed to EA Pacific . Some actual Westwood Studios employees were still working with the studio . One of the senior modelers , who worked on Command & Conquer ( 1995 ) , was part of the Command & Conquer : Generals ( 2003 ) team . EA Pacific was absorbed into EA Los Angeles in 2003 . Some employees then went to Petroglyph Games ."}]}, {'value': 'September 8 , 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayNation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayNation', 'summary': 'PlayNation is an online video game developer , headquartered in Carlsbad , California , United States , and founded in 1997 . They helped develop the EA SPORTS Tiger Woods 1999 Internet Viewer , which allowed spectators to watch online golf tournaments over the internet live . PlayNation also developed other various online game properties , such as SportsCorps . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on September 8 , 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Developer of online entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software_developer', 'summary': "A computer programmer , sometimes called more recently a coder ( especially in more informal contexts ) , is a person who creates computer software . The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computers , or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software . A programmer 's most oft-used computer language ( e.g. , Assembly , COBOL , C , C++ , C # , JavaScript , Lisp , Python ) may be prefixed to the term programmer . Some who work with web programming languages also prefix their titles with web . A range of occupations that involve programming also often require a range of other , similar skills , for example : ( software ) developer , web developer , mobile applications developer , embedded firmware developer , software engineer , computer scientist , game programmer , game developer and software analyst . The use of the term programmer as applied to these positions is sometimes considered an insulting simplification or even derogatory ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Online', 'summary': 'In computer technology and telecommunications , online indicates a state of connectivity , and offline indicates a disconnected state . In modern terminology this usually refers to an Internet connection , but ( especially when expressed on line or on the line ) could refer to any piece of equipment or functional unit that is connected to a larger system . Being online means that the equipment or subsystem is connected , or that it is ready for use . Online has come to describe activities performed on and data available on the Internet , for example : online identity , online predator , online gambling , online shopping , online banking , and online learning . Similar meaning is also given by the prefixes cyber and e , as in the words cyberspace , cybercrime , email , and ecommerce . In contrast , offline can refer to either computing activities performed while disconnected from the Internet , or alternatives to Internet activities ( such as shopping in brick-and-mortar stores ) . The term offline is sometimes used interchangeably with the acronym IRL , meaning in real life .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Entertainment', 'summary': "Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight . It can be an idea or a task , but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience 's attention . Although people 's attention is held by different things , because individuals have different preferences in entertainment , most forms are recognisable and familiar . Storytelling , music , drama , dance , and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures , were supported in royal courts , developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens . The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products . Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale , ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products ; to a banquet adapted for two ; to any size or type of party , with appropriate music and dance ; to performances intended for thousands ; and even for a global audience . The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement , so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter , although many entertainments have a serious purpose . This may be the case in the various forms of ceremony , celebration , religious festival , or satire for example . Hence , there is the possibility that what appears as entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth . An important aspect of entertainment is the audience , which turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment . The audience may have a passive role , as in the case of persons watching a play , opera , television show , or film ; or the audience role may be active , as in the case of games , where the participant/audience roles may be routinely reversed . Entertainment can be public or private , involving formal , scripted performance , as in the case of theatre or concerts ; or unscripted and spontaneous , as in the case of children 's games ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayNation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayNation', 'summary': 'PlayNation is an online video game developer , headquartered in Carlsbad , California , United States , and founded in 1997 . They helped develop the EA SPORTS Tiger Woods 1999 Internet Viewer , which allowed spectators to watch online golf tournaments over the internet live . PlayNation also developed other various online game properties , such as SportsCorps . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on September 8 , 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'November 22 , 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kesmai †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kesmai', 'summary': "Kesmai was a pioneering game developer and online game publisher , founded in 1981 by Kelton Flinn and John Taylor . The company was best known for the combat flight sim Air Warrior on the GEnie online service , one of the first graphical MMOGs , launched in 1987 . They also developed an ASCII-based MUD , Island of Kesmai , which ran on CompuServe . The company was acquired by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corp. in 1994 . The company continued to develop massively multiplayer games such as Air Warrior 2 and Legends of Kesmai . They distributed their games through AOL and eventually a new gaming service formed with three other publishers , GameStorm . AOL purchased CompuServe in 1997 and retooled its AOL Games Channel in a way that placed Kesmai unfavorably compared to its own games division , WordPlay . Kesmai sued AOL for monopolistic practices . The suit was settled out of court with undisclosed terms . In 1999 , the company was sold to Electronic Arts , and the company 's studios were subsequently closed in 2001 . Upon closure a number of the Kesmai staff went to work for Lodestone Games , also located in Charlottesville , Virginia ; while others remained in the former Kesmai offices but became part of EA.com and later Maxis East . Flinn selected the name Kesmai from a set of names that were output by a random name generator that he wrote for in-game use ."}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer and online game publisher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Game_publisher', 'summary': 'A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that have been developed either internally by the publisher or externally by a video game developer . They often finance the development , sometimes by paying a video game developer ( the publisher calls this external development ) and sometimes by paying an internal staff of developers called a studio . The large video game publishers also distribute the games they publish , while some smaller publishers instead hire distribution companies ( or larger video game publishers ) to distribute the games they publish . Other functions usually performed by the publisher include deciding on and paying for any licenses used by the game ; paying for localization ; layout , printing , and possibly the writing of the user manual ; and the creation of graphic design elements such as the box design . Some large publishers with vertical structure also own publishing subsidiaries ( labels ) . Large publishers may also attempt to boost efficiency across all internal and external development teams by providing services such as sound design and code packages for commonly needed functionality . Because the publisher often finances development , it usually tries to manage development risk with a staff of producers or project managers to monitor the progress of the developer , critique ongoing development , and assist as necessary . Most video games created by an external video game developer are paid for with periodic advances on royalties . These advances are paid when the developer reaches certain stages of development , called milestones .'}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kesmai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kesmai', 'summary': "Kesmai was a pioneering game developer and online game publisher , founded in 1981 by Kelton Flinn and John Taylor . The company was best known for the combat flight sim Air Warrior on the GEnie online service , one of the first graphical MMOGs , launched in 1987 . They also developed an ASCII-based MUD , Island of Kesmai , which ran on CompuServe . The company was acquired by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corp. in 1994 . The company continued to develop massively multiplayer games such as Air Warrior 2 and Legends of Kesmai . They distributed their games through AOL and eventually a new gaming service formed with three other publishers , GameStorm . AOL purchased CompuServe in 1997 and retooled its AOL Games Channel in a way that placed Kesmai unfavorably compared to its own games division , WordPlay . Kesmai sued AOL for monopolistic practices . The suit was settled out of court with undisclosed terms . In 1999 , the company was sold to Electronic Arts , and the company 's studios were subsequently closed in 2001 . Upon closure a number of the Kesmai staff went to work for Lodestone Games , also located in Charlottesville , Virginia ; while others remained in the former Kesmai offices but became part of EA.com and later Maxis East . Flinn selected the name Kesmai from a set of names that were output by a random name generator that he wrote for in-game use ."}]}, {'value': 'February 24 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DreamWorks Interactive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DreamWorks_Interactive', 'summary': "Danger Close Games ( formerly DreamWorks Interactive and EA Los Angeles ) was an American video game developer based in Los Angeles . The company was founded in 1995 as joint venture between DreamWorks and Microsoft under the name DreamWorks Interactive . It was acquired by Electronic Arts and renamed EA Los Angeles in 2000 , and to Danger Close Games in 2010 . Danger Close 's sole responsibility after 2010 was to develop games in the Medal of Honor franchise . When the series was put on hold in January 2013 , Danger Close was shut down , with some staff moving on to DICE LA ."}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danger Close Games †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danger_Close_Games', 'summary': "Danger Close Games ( formerly DreamWorks Interactive and EA Los Angeles ) was an American video game developer based in Los Angeles . The company was founded in 1995 as joint venture between DreamWorks and Microsoft under the name DreamWorks Interactive . It was acquired by Electronic Arts and renamed EA Los Angeles in 2000 , and to Danger Close Games in 2010 . Danger Close 's sole responsibility after 2010 was to develop games in the Medal of Honor franchise . When the series was put on hold in January 2013 , Danger Close was shut down , with some staff moving on to DICE LA ."}]}, {'value': 'February 28 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pogo.com', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pogo.com', 'summary': 'Pogo.com is a free online gaming website that offers over 100 casual games from brands like Hasbro and PopCap Games . It offers a variety of card and board games like First Class Solitaire and Monopoly ( discontinued in March , 2020 ) to puzzle , sports and word games like Scrabble ( discontinued in March , 2020 ) . It is owned by Electronic Arts and is based in Redwood Shores , California . The website is free due to advertising sponsorships but during a game , it produces commercials that can last up to 20 seconds . Players are strongly encouraged to sign up for Club Pogo , a subscription service . The enticement to do so is the offer of premium benefits and the omission of the advertisements that would otherwise interrupt the games . Games are played in a browser with the Java-plugin , Flash and more recently HTML5 . Flash games are being discontinued in March , 2020 . Games load in a room allowing other players to join and chat . With a change to a new website , players will no longer be able to chat . Players can win jackpot prizes ( discontinued in 2019 ) and tokens from playing the games on Pogo.com . Tokens are no longer used in sweepstakes drawings as of December 2010 ( discontinued in 2019 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Family games website', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family', 'summary': "In the context of human society , a family ( from Latin : familia ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity ( by recognized birth ) or affinity ( by marriage or other relationship ) . The purpose of families is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society . Ideally , families would offer predictability , structure , and safety as members mature and participate in the community . In most societies , it is within families that children acquire socialization for life outside the family . Additionally , as the basic unit for meeting the basic needs of its members , it provides a sense of boundaries for performing tasks in a safe environment , ideally builds a person into a functional adult , transmits culture , and ensures continuity of humankind with precedents of knowledge . Anthropologists generally classify most family organizations as matrifocal ( a mother and her children ) ; patrifocal ( a father and his children ) ; conjugal ( a wife , her husband , and children , also called the nuclear family ) ; avuncular ( for example , a grandparent , a brother , his sister , and her children ) ; or extended ( parents and children co-reside with other members of one parent 's family ) . Members of the immediate family may include spouses , parents , grandparents , brothers , sisters , sons , and daughters.Members of the extended family may include aunts , uncles , cousins , nephews , nieces , and siblings-in-law . Sometimes these are also considered members of the immediate family , depending on an individual 's specific relationship with them , and the legal definition of immediate family varies . Sexual relations with family members are regulated by rules concerning incest such as the incest taboo . The field of genealogy aims to trace family lineages through history . The family is also an important economic unit studied in family economics . The word families can be used metaphorically to create more inclusive categories such as community , nationhood , global village , and humanism ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Computer_games', 'summary': 'A PC game , also known as a computer game or personal computer game , is a type of video game played on a personal computer rather than a video game console or arcade machine . Its defining characteristics include : more diverse and user-determined gaming hardware and software ; and generally greater capacity in input , processing , video and audio output . The uncoordinated nature of the PC game market , and now its lack of physical media , make precisely assessing its size difficult . Home computer games became popular following the video game crash of 1983 , leading to the era of the bedroom coder . In the 1990s , PC games lost mass-market traction to console games , before enjoying a resurgence in the mid-2000s through digital distribution . Newzoo reports that the PC gaming sector is the third-largest category ( and estimated in decline ) across all platforms as of 2016 [ update ] , with the console sector second-largest , and mobile/smartphone gaming sector biggest . 2.2 billion video gamers generate US $ 101.1 billion in revenue , excluding hardware costs . Digital game revenues will account for $ 94.4 billion or 87% of the global market . Mobile is the most lucrative segment , with smartphone and tablet gaming growing 19% year on year to $ 46.1 billion , claiming 42% of the market . In 2020 , mobile gaming will represent just more than half of the total games market . [ . ] China expected to generate $ 27.5 billion , or one-quarter of all revenues in 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Website', 'summary': "A website ( also written as web site ) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server . Notable examples are wikipedia.org , google.com , and amazon.com . All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web . There are also private websites , such as a company 's internal site for its employees . A website can thus be accessed via the Internet or a private intranet . Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose , ranging from entertainment and social networking to providing news and education . Hyperlinking between web pages guides the navigation of the site , which often starts with a home page . Users can access websites on a range of devices , including desktops , laptops , tablets , and smartphones . The software application used on these devices is called a web browser ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pogo.com', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pogo.com', 'summary': 'Pogo.com is a free online gaming website that offers over 100 casual games from brands like Hasbro and PopCap Games . It offers a variety of card and board games like First Class Solitaire and Monopoly ( discontinued in March , 2020 ) to puzzle , sports and word games like Scrabble ( discontinued in March , 2020 ) . It is owned by Electronic Arts and is based in Redwood Shores , California . The website is free due to advertising sponsorships but during a game , it produces commercials that can last up to 20 seconds . Players are strongly encouraged to sign up for Club Pogo , a subscription service . The enticement to do so is the offer of premium benefits and the omission of the advertisements that would otherwise interrupt the games . Games are played in a browser with the Java-plugin , Flash and more recently HTML5 . Flash games are being discontinued in March , 2020 . Games load in a room allowing other players to join and chat . With a change to a new website , players will no longer be able to chat . Players can win jackpot prizes ( discontinued in 2019 ) and tokens from playing the games on Pogo.com . Tokens are no longer used in sweepstakes drawings as of December 2010 ( discontinued in 2019 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'June 11 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Box Games †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Box_Games', 'summary': 'EA Black Box ( formerly Black Box Games ) was a video game developer based in Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada , founded in 1998 by former employees of Radical Entertainment and later acquired by Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The developers are primarily known for the Need for Speed and Skate series . It was renamed Quicklime Games during the development of Need for Speed : World , but after a series of restructures it was shut down in April 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sports and racing video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sports', 'summary': 'Sport includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which , through casual or organised participation , at least in part aim to use , maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants , and in some cases , entertainment for spectators . Hundreds of sports exist , from those between single contestants , through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants , either in teams or competing as individuals . In certain sports such as racing , many contestants may compete , simultaneously or consecutively , with one winner ; in others , the contest ( a match ) is between two sides , each attempting to exceed the other . Some sports allow a tie or draw , in which there is no single winner ; others provide tie-breaking methods to ensure one winner and one loser . A number of contests may be arranged in a tournament producing a champion . Many sports leagues make an annual champion by arranging games in a regular sports season , followed in some cases by playoffs . Sport is generally recognised as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity , with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition , and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports . However , a number of competitive , but non-physical , activities claim recognition as mind sports . The International Olympic Committee ( through ARISF ) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports , and SportAccord , the international sports federation association , recognises five non-physical sports : bridge , chess , draughts ( checkers ) , Go and xiangqi , and limits the number of mind games which can be admitted as sports . Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs , which serve to ensure fair competition , and allow consistent adjudication of the winner . Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first . It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance , including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Racing_game', 'summary': 'The racing video game genre is the genre of video games , either in the first-person or third-person perspective , in which the player partakes in a racing competition with any type of land , water , air or space vehicles . They may be based on anything from real-world racing leagues to entirely fantastical settings . In general , they can be distributed along a spectrum anywhere between hardcore simulations , and simpler arcade racing games . Racing games may also fall under the category of sports games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'CAN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quicklime Games †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quicklime_Games', 'summary': 'EA Black Box ( formerly Black Box Games ) was a video game developer based in Burnaby , British Columbia , Canada , founded in 1998 by former employees of Radical Entertainment and later acquired by Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The developers are primarily known for the Need for Speed and Skate series . It was renamed Quicklime Games during the development of Need for Speed : World , but after a series of restructures it was shut down in April 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 16 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Studio 33', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Studio_33', 'summary': 'Studio 33 was a game developer from Liverpool , UK . It was once partly owned by Psygnosis , making Newman-Haas Racing , Formula One 99 , Formula One 2000 , Formula One 2001 , Formula One Arcade and Destruction Derby Raw for the PlayStation , and Destruction Derby Arenas for the PlayStation 2 . In 1993 , SCEE bought out Psygnosis , and Studio 33 was formed by John White , ex Director of Development from 1996 to October 16 , 2003 . EA bought out Studio 33 . EA relocated the studio to Warrington and renamed it EA North West .'}]}, {'value': 'Racing video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Racing_game', 'summary': 'The racing video game genre is the genre of video games , either in the first-person or third-person perspective , in which the player partakes in a racing competition with any type of land , water , air or space vehicles . They may be based on anything from real-world racing leagues to entirely fantastical settings . In general , they can be distributed along a spectrum anywhere between hardcore simulations , and simpler arcade racing games . Racing games may also fall under the category of sports games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Northwest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Electronic_Arts', 'summary': "Electronic Arts Inc. ( EA ) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City , California . It is the second-largest gaming company in the Americas and Europe by revenue and market capitalization after Activision Blizzard and ahead of Take-Two Interactive and Ubisoft as of March 2018 . Founded and incorporated on May 27 , 1982 , by Apple employee Trip Hawkins , the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games . EA published numerous games and productivity software for personal computers and later experimented on techniques to internally develop games , leading to the 1987 release of Skate or Die ! . The company would later decide in favor of abandoning their original principles and acquiring smaller companies that they see profitable , as well as annually releasing franchises to stay profitable . Currently , EA develops and publishes games of established franchises , including Battlefield , Need for Speed , The Sims , Medal of Honor , Command & Conquer , Dead Space , Mass Effect , Dragon Age , Army of Two , Titanfall , and Star Wars , as well as the EA Sports titles FIFA , Madden NFL , NBA Live , NHL , and EA Sports UFC . Their desktop titles appear on self-developed Origin , an online gaming digital distribution platform for PCs and a direct competitor to Valve 's Steam and Epic Games ' Store . EA also owns and operates major gaming studios such as EA Tiburon in Orlando , EA Vancouver in Burnaby , DICE in Sweden and Los Angeles , BioWare in Edmonton and Austin , and Respawn Entertainment in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': 'February 13 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NuFX', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NuFX', 'summary': 'NuFX was a video game developer , headquartered in Hoffman Estates , Illinois , United States . NuFX is famous for developing the NBA Street video game series . They were acquired by Electronic Arts on February 2004 and was merged into EA Chicago . Before their acquisition by Electronic Arts they had already worked with them on the NCAA March Madness , NBA LIVE and FIFA Soccer series .'}]}, {'value': 'Sports video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sports', 'summary': 'Sport includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which , through casual or organised participation , at least in part aim to use , maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants , and in some cases , entertainment for spectators . Hundreds of sports exist , from those between single contestants , through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants , either in teams or competing as individuals . In certain sports such as racing , many contestants may compete , simultaneously or consecutively , with one winner ; in others , the contest ( a match ) is between two sides , each attempting to exceed the other . Some sports allow a tie or draw , in which there is no single winner ; others provide tie-breaking methods to ensure one winner and one loser . A number of contests may be arranged in a tournament producing a champion . Many sports leagues make an annual champion by arranging games in a regular sports season , followed in some cases by playoffs . Sport is generally recognised as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity , with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition , and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports . However , a number of competitive , but non-physical , activities claim recognition as mind sports . The International Olympic Committee ( through ARISF ) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports , and SportAccord , the international sports federation association , recognises five non-physical sports : bridge , chess , draughts ( checkers ) , Go and xiangqi , and limits the number of mind games which can be admitted as sports . Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs , which serve to ensure fair competition , and allow consistent adjudication of the winner . Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first . It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance , including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA Chicago †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EA_Chicago', 'summary': "Electronic Arts Inc. ( EA ) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City , California . It is the second-largest gaming company in the Americas and Europe by revenue and market capitalization after Activision Blizzard and ahead of Take-Two Interactive and Ubisoft as of March 2018 . Founded and incorporated on May 27 , 1982 , by Apple employee Trip Hawkins , the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games . EA published numerous games and productivity software for personal computers and later experimented on techniques to internally develop games , leading to the 1987 release of Skate or Die ! . The company would later decide in favor of abandoning their original principles and acquiring smaller companies that they see profitable , as well as annually releasing franchises to stay profitable . Currently , EA develops and publishes games of established franchises , including Battlefield , Need for Speed , The Sims , Medal of Honor , Command & Conquer , Dead Space , Mass Effect , Dragon Age , Army of Two , Titanfall , and Star Wars , as well as the EA Sports titles FIFA , Madden NFL , NBA Live , NHL , and EA Sports UFC . Their desktop titles appear on self-developed Origin , an online gaming digital distribution platform for PCs and a direct competitor to Valve 's Steam and Epic Games ' Store . EA also owns and operates major gaming studios such as EA Tiburon in Orlando , EA Vancouver in Burnaby , DICE in Sweden and Los Angeles , BioWare in Edmonton and Austin , and Respawn Entertainment in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': 'July 28 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Criterion Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Criterion_Software', 'summary': 'Criterion Games is a British video game developer based in Guildford , England . Founded in 1996 , it is best known for their work on the racing video game series Burnout and various Need for Speed games .'}]}, {'value': 'Video game developer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_game_developer', 'summary': "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development - the process and related disciplines of creating video games . A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines , such as programming , design , art , testing , etc . Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support . Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games . A developer may specialize in a certain video game console ( such as Nintendo 's Nintendo Switch , Microsoft 's Xbox One , Sony 's PlayStation 4 ) , or may develop for a number of systems ( including personal computers and mobile devices ) . [ citation needed ] Video game developers specialize in certain types of games ( such as role-playing video games or first-person shooters ) . Some focus on porting games from one system to another , or translating games from one language to another . Less commonly , some do software development work in addition to games . Most video game publishers maintain development studios ( such as Electronic Arts 's EA Canada , Square Enix 's studios , Activision 's Radical Entertainment , Nintendo EAD and Sony 's Polyphony Digital and Naughty Dog ) . However , since publishing is still their primary activity they are generally described as publishers rather than developers . Developers may be private as well ( such as how Bungie was , the company which developed the Halo series exclusive to Microsoft 's Xbox ) ."}]}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Criterion Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Criterion_Software', 'summary': 'Criterion Games is a British video game developer based in Guildford , England . Founded in 1996 , it is best known for their work on the racing video game series Burnout and various Need for Speed games .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Acquisitions', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_acquisitions_by_Electronic_Arts_0', 'intro': "Electronic Arts is an American company that is a developer, marketer, publisher, and distributor of computer and video games, that was founded in 1982. Products of the company include EA Sports franchises, Sims, and other titles on both handheld and home gaming consoles. Electronic Arts often acquires new companies to expand or add to new product lines. For instance, EA chairman and chief executive officer Larry Probst said after the acquisition of JAMDAT Mobile that we intend to build a leading global position in the [.] business of providing games on mobile phones. EA followed through with this later, making the company into EA Mobile, and allowing people to purchase and download content produced by them directly onto their phones. After the acquisition of Origin Systems, some staff in that company claimed that Electronic Arts initially gave them more resources, but allowed little latitude if employees made a mistake, and in some cases no longer trusted them, and even worked against them. EA has shut down entire companies or the studios thereof after acquiring them, including the studio DICE Canada, Origin Systems, EA Chicago (NuFX), and Pandemic Studios. Gaming blogger Brian Crecente has said that fears that EA doesn't care about the quality of their products after they are acquired are debatable. As of February 2015, Electronic Arts' largest acquisition is the purchase of VG Holding Corp., the then-owner of video game developers BioWare and Pandemic Studios, for $775 million. Of the 39 companies acquired by EA, 20 are based in the U.S., five in the United Kingdom, six in Continental Europe, and eight elsewhere. Some of these companies or their respective studios, however, are now defunct."}
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What city was the earliest acquired company based in ?
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Toronto
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0321f8377e3c17bb
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Wide_Bay–Burnett', 'title': 'List of schools in Wide Bay–Burnett', 'header': ['Name', 'Suburb', 'LGA', 'Opened', 'Closed'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abbeywood State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abbeywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbeywood,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Abbeywood is a locality in the South Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'South Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The South Burnett Region is a local government area in the South Burnett district of Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'c.1914', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albionville State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albionville ( now in Bungadoo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albionville,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Bungadoo is a locality in the Bundaberg Region , Queensland , Australia . The area was formerly known as Albionville .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bungadoo,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Bungadoo is a locality in the Bundaberg Region , Queensland , Australia . The area was formerly known as Albionville .'}]}, {'value': 'Bundaberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bundaberg_Region', 'summary': 'The Bundaberg Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 360 kilometres ( 220 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the city of Bundaberg , and also contains a significant rural area surrounding the city . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the City of Bundaberg with the Shires of Burnett , Isis and Kolan . The Bundaberg Regional Council , which administers the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 89 million .'}]}, {'value': '1891', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alice Creek State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alice Creek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_Creek,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Alice Creek is a locality in the South Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'South Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The South Burnett Region is a local government area in the South Burnett district of Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allies Creek State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allies Creek ( now in Monogorilby )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allies_Creek,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Monogorilby is a locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia . The neighbourhood of Allies Creek is located in the south-east of Monogorilby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monogorilby,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Monogorilby is a locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia . The neighbourhood of Allies Creek is located in the south-east of Monogorilby .'}]}, {'value': 'North Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland , Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River . Established in 2008 , it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s . It has an estimated operating budget of A $ 32 millon .'}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anderleigh State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anderleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anderleigh,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Anderleigh is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Gympie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gympie_Region', 'summary': 'The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro . The Regional Council , which governs the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million .'}]}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antigua State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antigua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antigua,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Antigua is a rural locality in the Fraser Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Antigua had a population of 127 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Fraser Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fraser_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Fraser Coast Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 250 kilometres ( 160 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the twin cities of Hervey Bay and Maryborough , and also contains Fraser Island . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Cities of Maryborough and Hervey Bay and the Shires of Woocoo and most of Tiaro . In June 2018 it had a population of 105,463 . The 2015-2016 budget of the Fraser Coast Regional Council is A $ 150 million .'}]}, {'value': '1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apple Tree Creek State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apple Tree Creek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apple_Tree_Creek,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Apple Tree Creek is a rural town and locality in the Bundaberg Region , Queensland , Australia . It was formerly known as Bodalla but was renamed in 1962 . In the 2016 census , Apple Tree Creek had a population of 639 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Bundaberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bundaberg_Region', 'summary': 'The Bundaberg Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 360 kilometres ( 220 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the city of Bundaberg , and also contains a significant rural area surrounding the city . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the City of Bundaberg with the Shires of Burnett , Isis and Kolan . The Bundaberg Regional Council , which administers the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 89 million .'}]}, {'value': '1887', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aramara North State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Aramara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Aramara,_Queensland', 'summary': 'North Aramara is a locality in the Fraser Coast Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Fraser Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fraser_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Fraser Coast Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 250 kilometres ( 160 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the twin cities of Hervey Bay and Maryborough , and also contains Fraser Island . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Cities of Maryborough and Hervey Bay and the Shires of Woocoo and most of Tiaro . In June 2018 it had a population of 105,463 . The 2015-2016 budget of the Fraser Coast Regional Council is A $ 150 million .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aramara State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aramara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aramara,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Aramara is a town and a locality in the Fraser Coast Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Fraser Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fraser_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Fraser Coast Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 250 kilometres ( 160 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the twin cities of Hervey Bay and Maryborough , and also contains Fraser Island . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Cities of Maryborough and Hervey Bay and the Shires of Woocoo and most of Tiaro . In June 2018 it had a population of 105,463 . The 2015-2016 budget of the Fraser Coast Regional Council is A $ 150 million .'}]}, {'value': '1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn River State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawkwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawkwood,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Hawkwood is a locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'North Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland , Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River . Established in 2008 , it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s . It has an estimated operating budget of A $ 32 millon .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ban Ban Springs State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ban Ban Springs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ban_Ban_Springs,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Ban Ban Springs is a locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Ban Ban Springs had a population of 7 people .'}]}, {'value': 'North Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland , Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River . Established in 2008 , it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s . It has an estimated operating budget of A $ 32 millon .'}]}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bancroft State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bancroft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bancroft,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Bancroft is a locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census , Bancroft and the surrounding rural area had a population of 96 .'}]}, {'value': 'North Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland , Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River . Established in 2008 , it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s . It has an estimated operating budget of A $ 32 millon .'}]}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bank 's Pocket State School", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banks Pocket', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banks_Pocket,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Banks Pocket is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Gympie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gympie_Region', 'summary': 'The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro . The Regional Council , which governs the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barambah Creek State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barambah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barambah,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Barambah is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Gympie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gympie_Region', 'summary': 'The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro . The Regional Council , which governs the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million .'}]}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barambah State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barambah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barambah,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Barambah is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Gympie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gympie_Region', 'summary': 'The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro . The Regional Council , which governs the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million .'}]}, {'value': '1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Barker 's Creek State School", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barkers Creek ( now in Booie )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barkers_Creek,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Booie is a rural locality on the boundary of Kingaroy and Nanango in the South Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Booie,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Booie is a rural locality on the boundary of Kingaroy and Nanango in the South Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'South Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The South Burnett Region is a local government area in the South Burnett district of Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barlil State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barlil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barlil,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Barlil is a locality in the South Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'South Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The South Burnett Region is a local government area in the South Burnett district of Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': '1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barolin State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barolin ( now in Windermere )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barolin,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Windermere is a rural locality of the Bundaberg Region , Queensland , Australia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Windermere,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Windermere is a rural locality of the Bundaberg Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Bundaberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bundaberg_Region', 'summary': 'The Bundaberg Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 360 kilometres ( 220 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is centred on the city of Bundaberg , and also contains a significant rural area surrounding the city . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the City of Bundaberg with the Shires of Burnett , Isis and Kolan . The Bundaberg Regional Council , which administers the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 89 million .'}]}, {'value': '1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beenaam Range State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beenaam Range ( now in south Beenaam Valley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beenaam_Range,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Beenaam Valley is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Beenaam_Valley,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Beenaam Valley is a locality in the Gympie Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Gympie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gympie_Region', 'summary': 'The Gympie Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland , Australia , about 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) north of Brisbane , the state capital . It is between the Sunshine Coast and Hervey Bay and centred on the town of Gympie . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shires of Cooloola and Kilkivan and part of the Shire of Tiaro . The Regional Council , which governs the Region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million .'}]}, {'value': '1912', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beeron Road State School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beeron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beeron,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Beeron is a rural locality in the North Burnett Region , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'North Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Burnett_Region', 'summary': 'The North Burnett Region is a local government area in Queensland , Australia in the northern catchment of the Burnett River . Established in 2008 , it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s . It has an estimated operating budget of A $ 32 millon .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'State schools -- Defunct state schools', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_schools_in_Wide_Bay-Burnett_3', 'intro': 'N/A'}
| null | null |
What is the school located in an area that was once called Bodalla ?
|
Apple Tree Creek State School
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0324d203e78bc008
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'title': 'Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament', 'header': ['Year', 'School', 'Site', 'MVP'], 'data': [{'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2000 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 17-20 . This was the first championship tournament for the conference , which was formed prior to the 2000 NCAA Division I baseball season . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl Wilson Stadium . Second seeded San Diego State won the inaugural Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 9-4 . As the Mountain West was a new league , they did not possess an automatic bid to the 2000 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament , and no conference team was invited ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball', 'summary': "The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the San Diego State University . Along with the university 's other athletic teams , the baseball team became a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 1999-00 academic year . Previously , the baseball program competed in the Western Athletic Conference . The Aztecs play in Tony Gwynn Stadium , on the SDSU campus in San Diego , California . From 2003 until his death in 2014 , Tony Gwynn was the program 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_Wilson_Stadium', 'summary': "Earl E. Wilson Baseball Stadium at Roger Barnson Field is a baseball stadium located on the northwest corner of the University of Nevada , Las Vegas campus in Paradise , Nevada . It has been the home field for the UNLV Hustlin ' Rebels college baseball team since its opening in 1994 . The stadium features 2,500 theater-type seats and 500 bleacher back seats bringing the stadium 's capacity to 3,000 . The stadium was dedicated on January 29 , 1994 in conjunction with a UNLV Alumni game . 2,500 attended the game and grand opening ceremonies . In 1997 , the infield playing surface was replaced and the outfield fence was replaced with a new fence that stands 12 ' high . In 2007 the stadium received a new playing surface and in 2009 it received a new scoreboard in left field to replace the original one . Earl Wilson Stadium has hosted five Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournaments ( 2000 , 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , 2012 ) , more than any other venue . In 2010 , the locker rooms were remodeled , the clubhouse lounge area received new flatscreen TVs and couches , the infield grass was replaced , new black padding was installed behind the backstop , a fresh halo was installed around the batting circle and the facility received a fresh coat of red paint . Future plans call for a new clubhouse , a new synthetic outfield surface , an overhang for the bleachers , a two-story press box , new batting cages and a video scoreboard to replace the scoreboard which was installed in 2009 . Earl Wilson Stadium sits on the former site of UNLV 's original baseball stadium , Rebel Field . Rebel Field opened on April 1 , 1973 , when the Hustlin ' Rebels lost to Southern Cal 9-2 in front of 1,500 fans ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Las_Vegas', 'summary': "Las Vegas ( Spanish for The Meadows ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city , known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino-hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction was earned by Chicago in the 19th century ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2% . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had 648,224 residents in 2018 , with a metropolitan population of 2,227,053 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chad Redfern , San Diego State', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2001 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 16-19 . This was the second tournament held by the league . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at San Diego State University 's Tony Gwynn Stadium . Top seeded BYU won their first Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 4-3 and earned the conference 's new automatic bid to the 2001 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU_Cougars_baseball', 'summary': "The BYU Cougars baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Brigham Young University in Provo , Utah , United States . The team is a member of the West Coast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. BYU 's first baseball team was fielded in 1908 . The team plays its home games at Larry H. Miller Field in Provo , Utah . The Cougars are coached by Mike Littlewood ."}]}, {'value': 'Tony Gwynn Stadium • San Diego , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Gwynn_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tony Gwynn Stadium is the home field of the San Diego State University Aztecs college baseball team . In addition , the San Diego Surf Dawgs of the independent Golden Baseball League used the park as their home field .'}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Diego', 'summary': "San Diego ( /ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ , Spanish : [ san ˈdjeɣo ] ; Spanish for Saint Didacus ) is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean , approximately 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico . With an estimated population of 1,425,976 as of July 1 , 2018 , San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana conurbation , the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the U.S. and a bordering country after Detroit-Windsor , with a population of 4,922,723 people . The city is known for its mild year-round climate , natural deep-water harbor , extensive beaches , long association with the United States Navy , and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center . San Diego has been called the birthplace of California . Historically home to the Kumeyaay people , it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542 , Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later . The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá , founded in 1769 , formed the first European settlement in what is now California . In 1821 , San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire , which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later . California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican-American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850 . The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the region as well as the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area . San Diego 's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities , tourism , international trade , and manufacturing ."}]}, {'value': 'Nate Fernley , BYU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2002 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 22-25 . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Brigham Young University 's Larry H. Miller Field . Top seeded BYU won their second consecutive and second overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 14-9 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU_Cougars_baseball', 'summary': "The BYU Cougars baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Brigham Young University in Provo , Utah , United States . The team is a member of the West Coast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. BYU 's first baseball team was fielded in 1908 . The team plays its home games at Larry H. Miller Field in Provo , Utah . The Cougars are coached by Mike Littlewood ."}]}, {'value': 'Larry H. Miller Field • Provo , Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_H._Miller_Field', 'summary': 'Larry H. Miller Field is a stadium in Provo , Utah . Named for sports executive Larry H. Miller , the field is primarily used for baseball and is part of the Larry H. Miller Sports Complex . The ballpark has a capacity of 2,710 people and was opened in 2001 . Also , previously the home of Provo Angels , it currently hosts the BYU Cougars baseball team . In 2012 , college baseball writer Eric Sorenson ranked the field as the second best setting and second most underrated venue in Division I baseball .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Provo,_Utah', 'summary': "Provo /ˈproʊvoʊ/ is the third-largest city in Utah , United States . It is 43 miles ( 69 km ) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front . Provo is the largest city and county seat of Utah County . It is home to Brigham Young University , and Sundance Resort is located just northeast of the city . While Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante , a Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer , is considered the first European visitor to the area that would become Provo , the first permanent settlement was established in 1849 as Fort Utah . The name was changed to Provo in 1850 , in honor of Étienne Provost , an early French-Canadian trapper . Provo 's climate lies in the transition zone between a humid subtropical climate and humid continental climate , with temperatures averaging between about 94 °F or 34.4 °C in the summer and 40 °F or 4.4 °C in the winter . Average annual precipitation ( rain and snow ) is just under 20 inches ( 51 cm ) . The population of Provo has grown from 2030 in 1860 to an estimated 116,702 in 2018 . The 2010 census showed slightly more females than males , with over 55% of the population living as couples , and almost 35% of households having children under the age of 18 . The population is over 90% Christian , with almost 89% being Latter Day Saints . The economy in Provo is powered by many different businesses and organizations , including over 100 restaurants , two shopping malls , multiple universities and colleges , a number of small companies , and several large international businesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Jackson , BYU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2003 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 21-24 . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of New Mexico 's Isotopes Park . Top seeded UNLV won their first Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 14-9 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UNLV_Rebels_baseball', 'summary': "The UNLV Hustlin ' Rebels baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Nevada , Las Vegas in Paradise , Nevada , United States . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. UNLV 's first baseball team was fielded on February 25 , 1967 . The team plays its home games at Earl Wilson Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . The Rebels are coached by Stan Stolte ."}]}, {'value': 'Isotopes Park • Albuquerque , New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isotopes_Park', 'summary': 'Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park , previously known only as Isotopes Park , is a minor league baseball stadium located in Albuquerque , New Mexico and is the home field of the Albuquerque Isotopes of the Pacific Coast League , the Triple-A affiliate of the Colorado Rockies . The facility was also previously used by the baseball program of the University of New Mexico . The stadium also hosts New Mexico United , an expansion team in the United Soccer League that began play in 2019 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico', 'summary': "Albuquerque ( /ˈælbəkɜːrki/ ( listen ) AL-bə-kur-kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil [ pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l ] ; Eastern Keres : Arawageeki ; Jemez : Vakêêke ; Zuni : Alo : ke : k'ya ; Jicarilla Apache : Gołgéeki'yé ) , abbreviated as ABQ , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico , and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States . The city 's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque , both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés as La Villa de Alburquerque , named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque , the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area ( such as Barelas , Corrales , Isleta Pueblo , Los Ranchos , and Sandia Pueblo ) . Since the city 's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway ( ATSF ) , Route 66 , Interstate 25 , Interstate 40 , and the Albuquerque International Sunport . The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018 , it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area , which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018 . The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Zia Pueblo , Los Lunas , Belen , South Valley , Bosque Farms , Jemez Pueblo , Cuba , and part of Laguna Pueblo . This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016 . The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis , including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne , Wyoming , and Denver , Colorado , with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census . Albuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and is in north-central New Mexico . The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque , and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center , while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city . Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S. , ranging from 4,900 feet ( 1,490 m ) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet ( 1,950 m ) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills . The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space ; there , the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet ( 2,097 m ) . The economy of Albuquerque centers on science , medicine , technology , commerce , education , entertainment , and culture outlets ."}]}, {'value': 'Patrick Dobson , UNLV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2004 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 26-29 . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl Wilson Stadium . Third seeded UNLV won their second straight and second overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 6-3 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2004 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UNLV_Rebels_baseball', 'summary': "The UNLV Hustlin ' Rebels baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Nevada , Las Vegas in Paradise , Nevada , United States . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. UNLV 's first baseball team was fielded on February 25 , 1967 . The team plays its home games at Earl Wilson Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . The Rebels are coached by Stan Stolte ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Luca , UNLV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2005 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 23-27 . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Utah 's Franklin Covey Field . Top seeded UNLV won their third straight and third overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 7-4 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UNLV_Rebels_baseball', 'summary': "The UNLV Hustlin ' Rebels baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Nevada , Las Vegas in Paradise , Nevada , United States . The team is a member of the Mountain West Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. UNLV 's first baseball team was fielded on February 25 , 1967 . The team plays its home games at Earl Wilson Stadium in Paradise , Nevada . The Rebels are coached by Stan Stolte ."}]}, {'value': 'Franklin Covey Field • Salt Lake City , Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_Covey_Field', 'summary': "Smith 's Ballpark ( formerly known as Franklin Quest Field , later Franklin Covey Field , and more recently Spring Mobile Ballpark ) is a minor league baseball park in the western United States , located in Salt Lake City , Utah . It is the home field of the Salt Lake Bees of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League and the collegiate Utah Utes of the Pac-12 Conference . Smith 's Ballpark opened 26 years ago in 1994 with a seating capacity of 15,400 , the largest in the PCL . It is located on the site of its predecessor , Derks Field , with a similar unorthodox southeast alignment , toward the Wasatch Range . The elevation at street level is 4,230 feet ( 1,290 m ) above sea level ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Salt_Lake_City', 'summary': "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah , as well as the seat of Salt Lake County , the most populous county in Utah . With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,222,540 ( 2018 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area , a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,606,548 ( as of 2018 estimates ) . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin . The world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is located in Salt Lake City . The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church , led by Brigham Young , who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east . The Mormon pioneers , as they would come to be known , entered an arid valley and immediately began building , planning , and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth . Salt Lake City 's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan , with the Salt Lake Temple at the origin . Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake , the city was named Great Salt Lake City . In 1868 , the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word Great from the city 's name . Immigration of international members of the church , mining booms , and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth , and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West . It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway , in 1913 ."}]}, {'value': 'Matt Wagner , UNLV', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2006 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 23-27 . All seven of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl Wilson Stadium . In their first year in the league , top seeded TCU won their first Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 9-6 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TCU_Horned_Frogs_baseball', 'summary': 'The TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represents Texas Christian University in NCAA Division I baseball . The Frogs have competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2013 and previously competed in the Mountain West , Conference USA , Western Athletic Conference and Southwest Conference . Since February 2003 , the Horned Frogs have played their home games at Lupton Stadium , located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth , Texas . The Frogs are led by head coach Jim Schlossnagle , the winningest coach in TCU baseball history , whose many coaching accolades include 8 conference coach of the year awards and being named the 2010 National Coach of the Year by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association and 2016 National Coach of the Year by Baseball America .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chad Huffman , TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chad_Huffman', 'summary': 'Chad Daniel Huffman ( born April 29 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball first baseman and outfielder who is currently a free agent . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees and St. Louis Cardinals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball ( NPB ) for the Chiba Lotte Marines .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2007 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 23-26 . The top six regular season finishers of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl Wilson Stadium . Top seeded TCU won their second straight and second overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 9-8 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TCU_Horned_Frogs_baseball', 'summary': 'The TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represents Texas Christian University in NCAA Division I baseball . The Frogs have competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2013 and previously competed in the Mountain West , Conference USA , Western Athletic Conference and Southwest Conference . Since February 2003 , the Horned Frogs have played their home games at Lupton Stadium , located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth , Texas . The Frogs are led by head coach Jim Schlossnagle , the winningest coach in TCU baseball history , whose many coaching accolades include 8 conference coach of the year awards and being named the 2010 National Coach of the Year by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association and 2016 National Coach of the Year by Baseball America .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austin Adams , TCU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2008 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 20-24 . The top six regular season finishers of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Texas Christian University 's Lupton Stadium . Top seeded TCU won their third straight and third overall Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 15-2 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TCU_Horned_Frogs_baseball', 'summary': 'The TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represents Texas Christian University in NCAA Division I baseball . The Frogs have competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2013 and previously competed in the Mountain West , Conference USA , Western Athletic Conference and Southwest Conference . Since February 2003 , the Horned Frogs have played their home games at Lupton Stadium , located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth , Texas . The Frogs are led by head coach Jim Schlossnagle , the winningest coach in TCU baseball history , whose many coaching accolades include 8 conference coach of the year awards and being named the 2010 National Coach of the Year by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association and 2016 National Coach of the Year by Baseball America .'}]}, {'value': 'Lupton Stadium • Fort Worth , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lupton_Stadium', 'summary': 'Charlie and Marie Lupton Baseball Stadium and Williams-Reilly Field is a baseball stadium located on the campus of Texas Christian University ( TCU ) in Fort Worth , Texas . It has been the home field of the TCU Horned Frogs baseball team since its opening on February 2 , 2003 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas', 'summary': "Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States . It is the county seat of Tarrant County , covering nearly 350 square miles ( 910 km2 ) into three other counties : Denton , Parker , and Wise . According to the 2018 census estimates , Fort Worth 's population was 898,919 . Fort Worth is the second-largest city in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area , which is the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States . The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River . Fort Worth has historically been a center of the longhorn cattle trade . It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design . USS Fort Worth ( LCS-3 ) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city . Fort Worth is home to the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and several world-class museums designed by internationally known contemporary architects . The Kimbell Art Museum , considered to have one of the best art collections in Texas , is housed in what is widely regarded as one of the outstanding architectural achievements of the modern era . The museum was designed by the American architect Louis Kahn , with an addition designed by world-renowned Italian architect Renzo Piano opening November 2013 . Also of note is the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth , designed by Tadao Ando ."}]}, {'value': 'Clint Arnold , TCU', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2009 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 19-23 . The top six regular season finishers of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Texas Christian University 's Lupton Stadium . Sixth seeded Utah won their first and only Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 9-3 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament . Utah joined the Pac-12 Conference after the 2011 season without winning another title ."}]}, {'value': 'Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_Utes_baseball', 'summary': 'The Utah Utes baseball team represents the University of Utah in NCAA Division I college baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'Lupton Stadium • Fort Worth , Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyler Yagi , Utah', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2010 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 25-29 . The top six regular season finishers of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at San Diego State 's Tony Gwynn Stadium . Top seeded TCU won their fourth Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 2-0 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_TCU_Horned_Frogs_baseball_team', 'summary': 'The 2010 TCU Horned Frogs baseball team represented Texas Christian University in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Horned frogs were coached by Jim Schlossnagle , in his 7th season with the Horned Frogs , and played home games at Lupton Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Gwynn Stadium • San Diego , California', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryan Holaday , TCU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Holaday', 'summary': 'John Bryan Holaday ( born November 19 , 1987 ) is an American professional baseball catcher in the Baltimore Orioles organization . He made his Major League Baseball ( MLB ) debut on June 6 , 2012 , with the Detroit Tigers . He has also played in MLB for the Texas Rangers , Boston Red Sox , and Miami Marlins . Prior to his professional career , Holaday played college baseball at Texas Christian University ( TCU ) for the TCU Horned Frogs . In his senior season at TCU , Holaday won the Johnny Bench Award , given to the best collegiate catcher for the season .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2011 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 24-28 The top six regular season finishers of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at San Diego State 's Tony Gwynn Stadium . Sixth seeded New Mexico won their first Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship with a championship game score of 4-2 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Mexico_Lobos_baseball', 'summary': 'New Mexico Lobos baseball is a college baseball program of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque , New Mexico . The first team was fielded in 1899 and posted a 1,708-537-14 ( .526 ) record through the 2014 season . The Lobos have won three conference tournaments , finished first in regular season conference play eight times , and appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship 5 times . The team plays their home games on the University of New Mexico campus at Santa Ana Star Field . Ray Birmingham has been the head coach of the Lobos since the 2008 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Gwynn Stadium • San Diego , California', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D. J. Peterson , New Mexico', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2012 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 24-26 . The top four regular season finishers of the league 's five teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl Wilson Stadium . New Mexico won their second Mountain West Conference Baseball Championship by a score of 22-3 and earned the conference 's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Mexico_Lobos_baseball', 'summary': 'New Mexico Lobos baseball is a college baseball program of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque , New Mexico . The first team was fielded in 1899 and posted a 1,708-537-14 ( .526 ) record through the 2014 season . The Lobos have won three conference tournaments , finished first in regular season conference play eight times , and appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship 5 times . The team plays their home games on the University of New Mexico campus at Santa Ana Star Field . Ray Birmingham has been the head coach of the Lobos since the 2008 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josh Melendez , New Mexico', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2013 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 22-26 . All six of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at California State University , Fresno 's Pete Beiden Field . It was Fresno State 's first year in the league after joining from the Western Athletic Conference . San Diego State won the tournament for the second time , earning the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball', 'summary': "The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the San Diego State University . Along with the university 's other athletic teams , the baseball team became a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 1999-00 academic year . Previously , the baseball program competed in the Western Athletic Conference . The Aztecs play in Tony Gwynn Stadium , on the SDSU campus in San Diego , California . From 2003 until his death in 2014 , Tony Gwynn was the program 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'Pete Beiden Field • Fresno , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Beiden_Field', 'summary': 'Pete Beiden Field at Bob Bennett Stadium , formerly Varsity Park , is a baseball stadium on the campus of the California State University , Fresno in Fresno , California , United States . It was built in 1966 . The field is the home of the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team and named after former Fresno State baseball coach Pete Beiden . The park was redesigned in 1983 and now holds 3,575 people . Prior to the 2002 opening of Grizzlies Stadium , the park also was the home of the Fresno Grizzlies minor league baseball team of the triple-A Pacific Coast League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fresno,_California', 'summary': "Fresno ( /ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh ; Spanish for ash tree ) is a city in and the county seat of Fresno County , California , United States . It covers about 112 square miles ( 290 km2 ) in the center of the San Joaquin Valley , the southern portion of California 's Central Valley . Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River , Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885 . The city has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley , with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production . The population of Fresno grew from 134,000 in 1960 to 428,000 in 2000 . With a census-estimated 2018 population of 530,093 , Fresno is the fifth-most populous city in California , the most populous inland city in California , and the 34th-most populous city in the nation . Fresno is near the geographical center of California . It lies approximately 220 miles ( 350 km ) north of Los Angeles , 170 miles ( 270 km ) south of the state capital , Sacramento , and 185 miles ( 300 km ) southeast of San Francisco . Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles ( 100 km ) to the north , Kings Canyon National Park is 60 miles ( 100 km ) to the east , and Sequoia National Park is 75 miles ( 120 km ) to the southeast ."}]}, {'value': 'Tyler France , San Diego State', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2014 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 21-25 . All seven of the league 's teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at University of Nevada , Las Vegas 's Earl E. Wilson Stadium . This is San Jose State 's first year in the league after joining from the Western Athletic Conference . San Diego State won the tournament , earning the Mountain West 's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball', 'summary': "The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the San Diego State University . Along with the university 's other athletic teams , the baseball team became a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 1999-00 academic year . Previously , the baseball program competed in the Western Athletic Conference . The Aztecs play in Tony Gwynn Stadium , on the SDSU campus in San Diego , California . From 2003 until his death in 2014 , Tony Gwynn was the program 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'Earl Wilson Stadium • Las Vegas , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Haynal , San Diego State', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2015 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament will take place from May 21-25 . All seven of the league 's teams will meet in the double-elimination tournament to be held at University of Nevada , Reno 's William Peccole Park . The winner of the tournament will earn the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball', 'summary': "The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the San Diego State University . Along with the university 's other athletic teams , the baseball team became a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 1999-00 academic year . Previously , the baseball program competed in the Western Athletic Conference . The Aztecs play in Tony Gwynn Stadium , on the SDSU campus in San Diego , California . From 2003 until his death in 2014 , Tony Gwynn was the program 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'William Peccole Park • Reno , Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Peccole_Park', 'summary': 'William Peccole Park is a stadium in Reno , Nevada . It is primarily used for baseball , and is the home field of the University of Nevada , Reno Wolf Pack baseball team . It opened in 1988 . It holds 3,000 people . It played host to the Reno Silver Sox professional baseball team of the independent Golden Baseball League from 2006 to 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Reno,_Nevada', 'summary': "Reno ( /ˈriːnoʊ/ REE-noh ) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada , approximately 22 miles ( 35 km ) from Lake Tahoe , known as The Biggest Little City in the World . Known for its casino & tourism industry , Reno is the county seat and largest city of Washoe County and sits in a high desert river valley at the foot of the Sierra Nevada and its downtown area ( along with Sparks ) occupies a valley informally known as the Truckee Meadows , which due to large-scale investments from Seattle & Bay Area companies such as Amazon , Tesla , Panasonic , Microsoft , Apple and Google has become a new major technology hub in the United States . The city is named after Union Major General Jesse L. Reno , who was killed in action during the American Civil War at the Battle of South Mountain on Fox 's Gap . Reno is part of the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area , 2nd most populous in Nevada after Las Vegas-Henderson , both of which are part of the Las Vegas Valley . Greater Reno , which consists of Washoe , Storey , and Lyon counties plus Carson City ( the capital of Nevada ) , is the second largest metropolitan area in Nevada ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2016 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament will take place from May 25-29 . All seven of the league 's teams will meet in the double-elimination tournament to be held at University of New Mexico 's Santa Ana Star Field . The winner of the tournament will earn the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2016 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Mexico_Lobos_baseball', 'summary': 'New Mexico Lobos baseball is a college baseball program of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque , New Mexico . The first team was fielded in 1899 and posted a 1,708-537-14 ( .526 ) record through the 2014 season . The Lobos have won three conference tournaments , finished first in regular season conference play eight times , and appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship 5 times . The team plays their home games on the University of New Mexico campus at Santa Ana Star Field . Ray Birmingham has been the head coach of the Lobos since the 2008 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Santa Ana Star Field • Albuquerque , New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Ana_Star_Field', 'summary': "Santa Ana Star Field , formerly known as Lobo Field , is a baseball stadium located in Albuquerque , New Mexico that serves as the home of the University of New Mexico Lobos baseball team . Lobo Field had served as New Mexico 's practice field as the Lobos played home games at Isotopes Park , home of the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes baseball team . On March 7 , 2011 , the University of New Mexico regents approved a $ 3 million renovation plan for Lobo Field . On March 27 , 2013 , New Mexico announced it was moving all its remaining home baseball games from Isotopes Park to the still-under-renovation Lobo Field , due to restrictions placed on the Lobos for the use of Isotopes Park . On December 11 , 2015 , the school announced that Tamaya Enterprises , which owns the Santa Ana Star Casino , agreed to a 10-year , $ 1 million naming rights deal for the stadium ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico', 'summary': "Albuquerque ( /ˈælbəkɜːrki/ ( listen ) AL-bə-kur-kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil [ pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l ] ; Eastern Keres : Arawageeki ; Jemez : Vakêêke ; Zuni : Alo : ke : k'ya ; Jicarilla Apache : Gołgéeki'yé ) , abbreviated as ABQ , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico , and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States . The city 's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque , both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés as La Villa de Alburquerque , named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque , the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area ( such as Barelas , Corrales , Isleta Pueblo , Los Ranchos , and Sandia Pueblo ) . Since the city 's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway ( ATSF ) , Route 66 , Interstate 25 , Interstate 40 , and the Albuquerque International Sunport . The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018 , it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area , which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018 . The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Zia Pueblo , Los Lunas , Belen , South Valley , Bosque Farms , Jemez Pueblo , Cuba , and part of Laguna Pueblo . This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016 . The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis , including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne , Wyoming , and Denver , Colorado , with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census . Albuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and is in north-central New Mexico . The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque , and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center , while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city . Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S. , ranging from 4,900 feet ( 1,490 m ) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet ( 1,950 m ) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills . The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space ; there , the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet ( 2,097 m ) . The economy of Albuquerque centers on science , medicine , technology , commerce , education , entertainment , and culture outlets ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2017 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 24 through 28 at Santa Ana Star Field in Albuquerque , New Mexico , home field of the conference 's regular-season champion New Mexico . The conference 's top four teams from the regular season met in a double-elimination tournament . The winner of the tournament , San Diego State , earned the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball', 'summary': "The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents the San Diego State University . Along with the university 's other athletic teams , the baseball team became a member of the Mountain West Conference during the 1999-00 academic year . Previously , the baseball program competed in the Western Athletic Conference . The Aztecs play in Tony Gwynn Stadium , on the SDSU campus in San Diego , California . From 2003 until his death in 2014 , Tony Gwynn was the program 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'Falcon Baseball Field • Colorado Springs , Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_Baseball_Field', 'summary': 'Falcon Baseball Field is a baseball venue located in Colorado Springs , Colorado , USA . It is home to the Air Force Falcons college baseball team of the Division I Mountain West Conference . Opened in 1957 , the venue has a capacity of 1,000 spectators . The field , located in the Rampart Range of the Rocky Mountains , is more than 7,000 feet ( 2,100 m ) above sea level . In both 1976 and 1995 , the field hosted the United States Olympic Festivals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2018 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 24-27 . Nevada , San Diego State , San José State , and UNLV met in the double-elimination tournament held at Tony Gwynn Stadium in San Diego , California . San Diego State earned the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_San_Diego_State_Aztecs_baseball_team', 'summary': 'The 2018 San Diego State Aztecs baseball team represented San Diego State University in the 2018 NCAA Division I baseball season as a member of the Mountain West Conference . The team was coached by Mark Martinez and played their home games at Tony Gwynn Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Gwynn Stadium • San Diego , California', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2019 Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament took place from May 23-26 . The top four of the league 's seven teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at William Peccole Park in Reno , Nevada . The winner of the tournament , Fresno State , earned the Mountain West Conference 's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Fresno State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_baseball', 'summary': 'The Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team represents Fresno State in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Fresno State athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Mountain West Conference . The Bulldogs play their home games on campus at Pete Beiden Field , and they are currently coached by Mike Batesole .'}]}, {'value': 'William Peccole Park • Reno , Nevada', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Champions -- By year', 'section_text': "The tournament is hosted by the previous year 's regular season champion . [ 1 ]", 'uid': 'Mountain_West_Conference_Baseball_Tournament_0', 'intro': "The Mountain West Conference Baseball Tournament is the conference championship tournament in baseball for the Mountain West Conference. The winner of the tournament receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament."}
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Who coaches the team that won 5 of the last 7 Mountain West Conference championships ?
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Mark Martinez
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03263b618842fbd6
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_Six_Flags_Great_America_attractions', 'title': 'List of former Six Flags Great America attractions', 'header': ['Coaster', 'Year Opened', 'Year Closed', 'Manufacturer ( Model )', 'Location in Park', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gulf Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gulf_Coaster', 'summary': "The Gulf Coaster was a small children 's roller coaster that was built for both the Great America parks . Gulf Coaster was built by the Allan Herschell Company with its trains made by Bradley and Kaye . It was a standard Little Dipper model . Today , neither Gulf Coasters operate ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allan Herschell Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allan_Herschell_Company', 'summary': 'The Allan Herschell Company specialized in the creation of amusement rides , particularly carousels and roller coasters . The company manufactured portable machines which could be used by traveling carnival operators . It was started in 1915 in the town of North Tonawanda , just outside Buffalo , New York , US .'}]}, {'value': 'Orleans Place', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Small kiddie coaster that was located about where Roaring Rapids ' entrance is today", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tidal Wave', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Greezed_Lightnin'", 'summary': 'Shuttle Loop is a type of steel launched shuttle roller coaster designed by Reinhold Spieldiener of Intamin and manufactured by Anton Schwarzkopf . A total of 12 installations were produced between 1977 and 1982 . These 12 installations have been located in a total of 22 different amusement parks .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anton Schwarzkopf Shuttle Loop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Schwarzkopf', 'summary': 'Anton Schwarzkopf ( 8 July 1924 - 30 July 2001 ) was a German engineer of amusement rides , and founder of the Schwarzkopf Industries Company , which built numerous amusement rides and large roller coasters for both amusement parks and traveling funfairs .'}]}, {'value': 'Yankee Harbor', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Riders accelerated from 0 to 57 mph ( 92 km/h ) in 6 seconds . Was removed to make room for Batman : The Ride . Later located at Six Flags Over Georgia as Viper , and at Kentucky Kingdom as Greezed Lightnin ' . Was scrapped in 2013 to make way for Lightning Run", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batman:_The_Ride', 'summary': "Batman : The Ride is a steel inverted roller coaster based on the DC Comics character Batman and found at seven Six Flags theme parks in the United States . Built by consulting engineers Bolliger & Mabillard , it rises to a height of between 100 and 105 feet ( 30 and 32 m ) and reaches top speeds of 50 miles per hour ( 80 km/h ) . The original roller coaster at Six Flags Great America was partially devised by the park 's general manager Jim Wintrode . Batman : The Ride was the world 's first inverted roller coaster when it opened in 1992 , and has since been awarded Coaster Landmark status by the American Coaster Enthusiasts . Clones of the ride exist at amusement parks around the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_Over_Georgia', 'summary': 'Six Flags Over Georgia is a 290-acre ( 120 ha ) theme park located west of Atlanta in unincorporated Cobb County , Georgia , United States . Featuring characters and themes from a variety of Warner Bros. properties such as Looney Tunes and DC Comics , the park opened to the public in 1967 as the second of three theme parks built by Six Flags . It features 11 roller coasters , including top-ranked Mind Bender and Goliath that have been recognized annually by Amusement Today , and over 30 other rides , shows , and attractions . Hurricane Harbor , a 7-acre ( 2.8 ha ) water park included in the price of admission to the amusement park , was added in 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kentucky_Kingdom', 'summary': 'Kentucky Kingdom ( formerly called Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom ) is an amusement park in Louisville , Kentucky . The 63-acre ( 25 ha ) park includes a collection of amusement rides and a water park named Hurricane Bay . The park reopened to the public on May 24 , 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lightning_Run', 'summary': 'Lightning Run is a Hyper GT-X roller coaster located at Kentucky Kingdom in Louisville , Kentucky . The ride is manufactured by Chance Rides and opened on May 24 , 2014 . The coaster is the only operational Hyper GT-X model coaster in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Z-Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flashback_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': 'Flashback was a steel roller coaster made by Intamin of Switzerland . The coaster was located in the Six Flags Plaza area of Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia , California . The model of the ride , a Space Diver coaster , was supposed to be mass-produced , only for Flashback to be the only installation .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intamin Space Diver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intamin', 'summary': 'Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau , Switzerland . It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The Intamin brand name is an abbreviation for international amusement installations . The company has offices throughout the world including three in Europe , three in Asia and two in the United States . Intamin is a major player in the amusement park attractions industry , supplying 17 different styles of roller coasters , 7 different vertical rides , 8 different water rides , 5 different immersive rides , 7 different swing rides and 5 different observation attractions . The company has installed a total of 163 coasters in several countries around the globe . Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride known as Thunder River based on the idea supplied by Bill Crandall , a past General Manager at the now defunct AstroWorld . Intamin also marketed the first Freefall ( developed by Giovanola ) experience and the first drop tower .'}]}, {'value': 'County Fair', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steel roller coaster that featured a stacked design and numerous steep rolling track dives . Later located at Six Flags Over Georgia as Z-Force , and at Six Flags Magic Mountain as Flashback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_Over_Georgia', 'summary': 'Six Flags Over Georgia is a 290-acre ( 120 ha ) theme park located west of Atlanta in unincorporated Cobb County , Georgia , United States . Featuring characters and themes from a variety of Warner Bros. properties such as Looney Tunes and DC Comics , the park opened to the public in 1967 as the second of three theme parks built by Six Flags . It features 11 roller coasters , including top-ranked Mind Bender and Goliath that have been recognized annually by Amusement Today , and over 30 other rides , shows , and attractions . Hurricane Harbor , a 7-acre ( 2.8 ha ) water park included in the price of admission to the amusement park , was added in 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_Magic_Mountain', 'summary': "Six Flags Magic Mountain , originally Magic Mountain , is a 262-acre ( 106 ha ) theme park located in the Valencia neighborhood of Santa Clarita , California , 35 miles ( 56 km ) northwest of downtown Los Angeles . It opened on May 30 , 1971 , as a development of the Newhall Land and Farming Company . In 1979 , Six Flags purchased the park and added the name Six Flags to the park 's name . With 19 roller coasters , Six Flags Magic Mountain holds the world record for most roller coasters in an amusement park . In 2017 , the park had an estimated 3.3 million visitors , ranking it sixteenth in attendance in North America ."}]}, {'value': 'Shock Wave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shockwave_(Six_Flags_Great_America)', 'summary': "Shockwave ( occasionally stylized as ShockWave or Shock Wave ) was a roller coaster manufactured by Arrow Dynamics at Six Flags Great America in Gurnee , Illinois . Standing 170 feet ( 52 m ) tall and reaching speeds of 65 miles per hour ( 105 km/h ) , it opened in 1988 as the world 's tallest and fastest looping roller coaster with a record-breaking seven inversions : three vertical loops , a boomerang ( also known as a batwing ) , and two regular corkscrews . Shockwave was closed in 2002 and has been dismantled ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arrow Dynamics Looping Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrow_Dynamics', 'summary': "Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement park rides , especially roller coasters . Based in Clearfield , Utah , the company was the successor to Arrow Development ( 1946-1981 ) and Arrow Huss ( 1981-1986 ) , which were responsible for several influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries . Among the most significant was tubular steel track , which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters . The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland , built in 1959 , was Arrow 's first roller coaster project . In 1975 , Arrow Development introduced the first corkscrew style track Corkscrew , at Knott 's Berry Farm that sent riders through a series of corkscrews . Arrow created several other firsts over the years , introducing the first suspended roller coaster in almost a century , The Bat , in 1981 , and the world 's first hypercoaster , Magnum XL-200 , which opened in 1989 . They built the first 4th Dimension roller coaster , X2 , which was designed by Alan Schilke in 2002 . Arrow Development 's ownership changed three times between the 1950s and 1980s . Arrow Dynamics would eventually survive two bankruptcies and spin off a sister company , Fabriweld , primarily to build track , by 1988 . Arrow Dynamics eventually closed on December 3 , 2001 . S & S Worldwide purchased part of Arrow 's remaining assets on October 28 , 2002 , and the remainder of the company was dissolved . In 2012 , Sansei Yusoki Co. of Osaka , Japan , acquired a 77.3% interest in S & S - Arrow ."}]}, {'value': 'Orleans Place', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Riders turned upside-down seven times in three different ways and reached speeds of 65 mph ( 105 km/h ) . It was removed due to maintenance issues , declining popularity , and to make room for Superman : Ultimate Flight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Superman:_Ultimate_Flight', 'summary': 'Superman : Ultimate Flight is a steel flying roller coaster designed by Bolliger & Mabillard . Themed to the popular comic book character , Superman : Ultimate Flight has been installed at three Six Flags theme parks around the United States : Six Flags Over Georgia , Six Flags Great Adventure and Six Flags Great America . Superman : Ultimate Flight simulates flying by positioning its passengers parallel to the track , supported by harnesses and facing the ground through most of the ride . In the station , riders board the train sitting down . After the train is locked and checked , the trains are raised into the flying position . After the ride , the seats are lowered back into the sitting position for the next round of riders .'}]}, {'value': 'Rolling Thunder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_Bobsled', 'summary': 'Alpine Bobsled is a steel bobsled roller coaster , made by Intamin . It has been at three parks , Six Flags Great Adventure , Six Flags Great America and Great Escape in Queensbury , New York , where it stands .'}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intamin Swiss Bob', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intamin', 'summary': 'Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau , Switzerland . It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The Intamin brand name is an abbreviation for international amusement installations . The company has offices throughout the world including three in Europe , three in Asia and two in the United States . Intamin is a major player in the amusement park attractions industry , supplying 17 different styles of roller coasters , 7 different vertical rides , 8 different water rides , 5 different immersive rides , 7 different swing rides and 5 different observation attractions . The company has installed a total of 163 coasters in several countries around the globe . Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride known as Thunder River based on the idea supplied by Bill Crandall , a past General Manager at the now defunct AstroWorld . Intamin also marketed the first Freefall ( developed by Giovanola ) experience and the first drop tower .'}]}, {'value': 'Hometown Square', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Secured in bobsled-like vehicles , riders careen around tight turns . Originally located at Six Flags Great Adventure as Sarajevo Bobsleds . It was removed from Great America to make room for Southwest Territory . Now located at Great Escape as Alpine Bobsled', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_Great_Adventure', 'summary': "Six Flags Great Adventure is an amusement park located in Jackson , New Jersey , owned by Six Flags . Situated between New York City and Philadelphia , the park complex also contains the Hurricane Harbor water park . The park opened in 1974 under restaurateur Warner LeRoy . Six Flags took over ownership of the park in 1977 . Today , the park contains eleven themed areas . On August 30 , 2012 , Six Flags combined its 125-acre ( 51 ha ) Great Adventure Park with its 350-acre ( 140 ha ) Wild Safari animal park to form the 475-acre ( 192 ha ) Six Flags Great Adventure & Safari park , making it the second-largest theme park in the world , after Disney 's Animal Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Escape_(amusement_park)', 'summary': 'The Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor is an amusement and water park owned and operated by Six Flags Entertainment Corp . It is located approximately 60 miles ( 97 km ) north of Albany , in Queensbury , New York . It is one of three Six Flags parks not to be officially branded with the Six Flags name [ citation needed ] , with La Ronde in Montreal , Quebec , Canada and Frontier City in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma being the two others .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alpine_Bobsled', 'summary': 'Alpine Bobsled is a steel bobsled roller coaster , made by Intamin . It has been at three parks , Six Flags Great Adventure , Six Flags Great America and Great Escape in Queensbury , New York , where it stands .'}]}, {'value': 'Déjà Vu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giant_Inverted_Boomerang', 'summary': "A Giant Inverted Boomerang is a type of steel shuttle roller coaster manufactured by Vekoma . The ride is a larger , inverted version of Vekoma 's popular Boomerang sit down roller coasters . As of February 2020 [ update ] , five installations of the model are operating , with another one under construction"}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vekoma Giant Inverted Boomerang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vekoma', 'summary': 'Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer . Vekoma is an abbreviation of Veld Koning Machinefabriek ( Veld Koning Machine Factory ) and was established in 1926 by Hendrik op het Veld . They originally manufactured farm equipment and later made steel constructions for the coal mining industry in the 1950s , After the closure of Dutch mines in 1965 , they manufactured steel pipes for the petrochemical industry . Since the 1970s , they have manufactured amusement rides . In 2018 , Vekoma was acquired by Sansei Technologies , the parent company of American ride manufacturer S & S Sansei .'}]}, {'value': 'County Fair', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Floorless trains suspended beneath an overhead track traversed the track forward and in reverse . Removed due to maintenance issues . Now located at Silverwood as Aftershock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverwood_Theme_Park', 'summary': "Silverwood Theme Park is an amusement park located in the city of Athol in northern Idaho , United States , near the town of Coeur d'Alene , approximately 47 miles ( 75 km ) from Spokane , Washington on US 95 . Owner Gary Norton opened the park in June 20 , 1988 . Originally , the park included a small assortment of carnival rides , a main street with shops and eateries , and an authentic steam train that traveled in a 30-minute loop around the owner 's property . From 1973 to 1988 , the land , along with a fully functioning airstrip , was operated as the Henley Aerodrome , named after the family whom Norton bought it from in 1981 . Over the years , Silverwood has grown in both size and popularity , transforming from a small local amusement park to a regional theme park destination . In 2003 , an adjacent waterpark named Boulder Beach Water Park was opened . Entrance to Boulder Beach is included with admission to Silverwood . In 2009 , Silverwood began an annual Halloween event called Scarywood , held during evenings in the month of October . Comic characters Garfield and Odie are the official mascots of the park . Today , Silverwood is the largest theme and water park in the American Northwest on 413-acre ( 1,670,000 m2 ) and boasting more than 70 rides , slides , shows and attractions . It is the northernmost theme Park in the United States . In 2019 , Silverwood co-hosted ( along with Rocky Mountain Construction ) the Golden Ticket Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Iron Wolf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apocalypse_(Six_Flags_America)', 'summary': "Firebird is a floorless roller coaster located at Six Flags America in Prince George 's County , Maryland . The roller coaster had originally debuted in 1990 as a stand-up roller coaster named Iron Wolf at Six Flags Great America . It was later relocated to Six Flags America in 2012 and renamed Apocalypse , under which it operated until 2018 . The roller coaster was the first to be built by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard . When known as Iron Wolf , the roller coaster briefly held world records among stand-up roller coasters for height ( 100-foot or 30-metre ) and speed ( 55 miles per hour or 89 kilometres per hour ) before being surpassed several years later ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bolliger & Mabillard Stand-Up Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bolliger_&_Mabillard', 'summary': 'Bolliger & Mabillard , officially Bolliger & Mabillard Consulting Engineers , Inc. and often abbreviated B & M , is a roller coaster design consultancy based in Monthey , Switzerland . The company was founded in 1988 by Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard , both of whom had worked for Giovanola . B & M has pioneered several new ride technologies , most notably the inverted roller coaster and the box-section track . In 2016 , the company completed its 100th roller coaster . B & M produces nine types of coaster models : Stand-Up Coaster , Inverted Coaster , Floorless Coaster , Flying Coaster , Hyper Coaster , Dive Coaster , Sitting Coaster , Wing Coaster and Family Coaster .'}]}, {'value': 'County Fair', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Riders maneuver twisting turns and sudden drops while in a standing position . Now located at Six Flags America as Apocalypse . Iron Wolf was replaced by a new roller coaster called Goliath in June 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_America', 'summary': "Six Flags America is a theme park located in Woodmore CDP , Prince George 's County , Maryland , near Upper Marlboro , and in the Washington , DC metropolitan area . Founded as a wildlife center in 1973 by Ross Perot , ABC television operated the park as a drive-through safari called The Largo Wildlife Preserve beginning in 1974 until its closure in 1978 . The property was bought by Jim Fowler 's Wild Kingdom ; thereafter the site was converted from a wildlife preserve into a theme park named Wild World gradually over the years . In 1992 , the park was renamed Adventure World after being acquired by Premier Parks , and ultimately was branded as the 10th Six Flags park when Premier Parks acquired Six Flags Inc. and adopted its name in 1999 . The America in the park 's name was chosen regarding the close proximity to the United States ' capital ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Goliath_(Six_Flags_Great_America)', 'summary': "Goliath is a wooden roller coaster located at Six Flags Great America amusement park in Gurnee , Illinois . Manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction ( RMC ) and designed by Alan Schilke , the roller coaster features RMC 's Topper Track design and opened to the public on June 19 , 2014 . Goliath initially set three world records among wooden coasters , having the longest drop at 180 feet ( 55 m ) , the steepest angle of 85 degrees , and the fastest speed of 72 mph ( 116 km/h ) . It still holds the record for the longest drop . In addition , the ride also features two inversions and a maximum descent that reaches 15 feet ( 4.6 m ) below ground level . Goliath was constructed over a nine-month period on the site previously occupied by Iron Wolf , a steel roller coaster removed in 2011 and relocated to Six Flags America . Goliath 's opening allowed Great America to claim the title of having the most wooden track in one park , a recognition that was later claimed by Kings Island . Following its record-breaking debut , the coaster was well-received by the media and enthusiasts , and it has consistently ranked in the top 25 among wooden coasters in the annual Golden Ticket Awards publication from Amusement Today ."}]}, {'value': "Ragin ' Cajun", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ragin'_Cajun_(roller_coaster)", 'summary': "Ragin ' Cajun is a steel mouse roller coaster at Six Flags America in Upper Marlboro , Maryland . Manufactured by Zamperla and Reverchon Industries , the design is a Crazy Mouse , which is similar to a Wild Mouse . Crazy Mouse coasters ' cars freely spin during the second half of the ride , but Wild Mouse coasters ' cars do not . The ride runs five cars at a time , and each car holds up to four riders with a maximum of three adults . Ragin ' Cajun previously operated at Six Flags Great America from 2004 to 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zamperla Spinning Wild Mouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zamperla', 'summary': "Antonio Zamperla S.p.A. is an Italian design and manufacturing company founded in 1966 . It is best known for creating family rides , thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The company also makes smaller coin-operated rides commonly found inside shopping malls . Zamperla builds roller coasters , like the powered Dragon Coaster , Mini Mouse , Zig Zag , and Volare . In 2006 , Zamperla announced Motocoaster , a motorcycle-themed roller coaster . Rights to some of S.D.C . 's rides were handed to Zamperla ( along with S & C and S & MC ) after the company went bankrupt in 1993 . In 2005 the founder of the company , Mr. Antonio Zamperla , became the first Italian to be inducted into the IAAPA Hall of Fame by virtue of his significant contribution to the entire industry , joining other pioneers such as Walt Disney , George Ferris and Walter Knott . Unlike companies such as Intamin , Vekoma , or Bolliger & Mabillard that concentrate on larger and faster roller coasters , Zamperla focuses on more family-friendly roller coasters that can be easily mass-produced , taken down , and transported to different locations . They are also a major manufacturer of flat rides with such names as : Balloon Race , Bumper cars , Disk ' O , Ferris wheel , Water Flume Ride , Galleon/Swinging Ship , Sky Drop , Discovery , Windshear , Tornado , Energy Storm , Z-Force , Mixer , Rotoshake , Turbo Force , Power Surge , and Mini Jet ."}]}, {'value': 'Mardi Gras', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Riders careen around tight turns and sharp dips while strapped within a spinning vehicle . Closed at the end of the 2013 season to be relocated to Six Flags America . Replaced by The Joker in 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_Flags_America', 'summary': "Six Flags America is a theme park located in Woodmore CDP , Prince George 's County , Maryland , near Upper Marlboro , and in the Washington , DC metropolitan area . Founded as a wildlife center in 1973 by Ross Perot , ABC television operated the park as a drive-through safari called The Largo Wildlife Preserve beginning in 1974 until its closure in 1978 . The property was bought by Jim Fowler 's Wild Kingdom ; thereafter the site was converted from a wildlife preserve into a theme park named Wild World gradually over the years . In 1992 , the park was renamed Adventure World after being acquired by Premier Parks , and ultimately was branded as the 10th Six Flags park when Premier Parks acquired Six Flags Inc. and adopted its name in 1999 . The America in the park 's name was chosen regarding the close proximity to the United States ' capital ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Joker_(S&S_Worldwide)', 'summary': 'The Joker is a roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure , Six Flags Great America , Six Flags New England , and Six Flags Over Texas . Built by S & S Worldwide , an American ride manufacturer , the coaster is one of their Free Spin models . Since 2016 , Six Flags has installed The Joker in four of their parks . Riders zig zag along the track while flipping head over heels up to six times throughout the ride in a somewhat uncontrolled manner . Six Flags started installing more after the success of Batman : The Ride that opened in 2015 at Six Flags Fiesta Texas .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Rides and attractions -- Former roller coasters', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_former_Six_Flags_Great_America_attractions_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of rides, attractions and themes from Six Flags Great America that no longer operate in the park.'}
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Which manufacturer made the steel mouse roller coaster in Upper Marlboro , Maryland ?
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Zamperla
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0328369109b26cd0
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HockeyAllsvenskan', 'title': 'HockeyAllsvenskan', 'header': ['Team', 'City', 'Arena', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'AIK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AIK_IF', 'summary': "Allmänna Idrottsklubben Ishockeyförening ( abbreviated AIK Hockey , or simply AIK ) , is the ice hockey department of sports club Allmänna Idrottsklubben based in Stockholm , Sweden . Since 2014 AIK 's men 's team compete in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden , following a four-year spell in the top flight , the SHL . The women 's team competes in Riksserien , the highest division of women 's ice hockey . AIK 's home games are mainly played at Hovet , which seats 8,050 spectators , though some high-profile games may be played at the Ericsson Globe which has a larger capacity of 13,850 . In the team 's 98-year history , AIK has played 66 seasons in Sweden 's top division , 27 of which in the SHL . They have won the Le Mat Trophy as Swedish champions in ice hockey seven times ( in 1934 , 1935 , 1938 , 1946 , 1947 , 1982 , and 1984 ) and have been runners-up an additional six times ( in 1930 , 1936 , 1940 , 1968 , 1978 , and 1981 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': 'Hovet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hovet', 'summary': "Hovet ( formerly known as Johanneshovs Isstadion ) is an arena located in the Johanneshov district of Stockholm ( Stockholm Globe City ) which is mainly used for ice hockey , concerts and corporate events . It was opened in 1955 as an outdoor arena , however a roof was added in 1962 , and the arena interior has also been a subject to major renovation in 2002 . The arena 's main tenants are ice hockey clubs AIK and Djurgårdens IF . The official capacity is 8,094 spectators for ice hockey events and 8,300 during concerts ."}]}, {'value': '8,094', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almtuna IS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almtuna_IS', 'summary': 'Almtuna IS is a Swedish ice hockey club based in Uppsala and is currently playing in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second highest league of ice hockey in Sweden . The team maintained its place in the Allsvenskan despite suffering relegation in the 2018-19 season following the exit of IK Pantern due to economic troubles prior to the 2019-20 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Uppsala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uppsala', 'summary': "Uppsala ( /ˈʊpsɑːlə , ˈʌp-/ , also US : /-sələ , ˈuːpsɑːlə , ʊpˈsɑːlə/ or all ending in /-sɑːlɑː/ , Swedish : [ ˈɵ̂pːˌsɑːla ] ( listen ) ; archaically spelled Upsala ) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö . It had 168,096 inhabitants in 2017 . Located 71 km ( 44 mi ) north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality . Since 1164 , Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden , being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden . Uppsala is home to Scandinavia 's largest cathedral - Uppsala Cathedral . Founded in 1477 , Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia . Among many achievements , the Celsius scale for temperature was invented there ."}]}, {'value': 'Gränby Ishall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gränby_Ishall', 'summary': "Gränby Ishall , formerly named Gränby Ishallar , Gränbyhallen , Metallåtervinning Arena ( unofficial English translation : Metal recycling Arena ) , or Zellout Arena , is an indoor arena located in Uppsala , Sweden , and built in 1974 . It consists of three arenas : A-hallen , B-hallen and C-hallen . A-hallen is the biggest part of the arena and has a capacity of 2,800 spectators and is where Almtuna IS and Uppsala HC play their home games . B-hallen has a capacity of 350 spectators , and C-hallen has a capacity of 250 . The arena opened in 1974 and was renovated following Almtuna IS 's promotion to the second-tier league Allsvenskan ( now named HockeyAllsvenskan ) , prior to the 2001-02 season . The current spectator record was set on March 27 , 2010 , when 2,916 spectators visited the arena to see Almtuna IS meet Södertälje SK in the Kvalserien qualification for the top-tier league Elitserien ( now named the SHL ) . On November 25 , 2013 , Metallåtervinning AB acquired the naming rights for the arena until the end of the 2015-16 season and renamed it Metallåtervinning Arena ."}]}, {'value': '2,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IF Björklöven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IF_Björklöven', 'summary': 'IF Björklöven ( often simply referred to as Björklöven or Löven ) is a Swedish professional ice hockey club in Umeå , Västerbotten , in northern Sweden . The club is currently playing in the second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan as of the 2014-15 season , but has played 15 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien ( 1976-77 , 1978-79 to 1988-89 , 1993-94 , 1998-99 and 2000-01 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Umeå', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå', 'summary': 'Umeå ( UK : /ˈuːməɔː/ OO-mə-aw , US : /ˈuːmeɪoʊ/ OO-may-oh , Swedish : [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛɔ ] ( listen ) , locally [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛ ] ( listen ) ; South Westrobothnian : [ ²ʉːm ] note ; Finnish : Uumaja ; Ume Sami : Ubmeje ; Southern Sami : Upmeje ; Northern Sami : Ubmi ) is a city in northeast Sweden . It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County . Situated on the Ume River , Umeå is the largest locality in Norrland and the thirteenth largest in Sweden , with 84,761 inhabitants in 2016 . The municipality had 123,382 inhabitants as of 2017 . When Umeå University was established in 1965 , growth sped up , and the amount of housing has doubled in the last 30 years . [ citation needed ] As of 2011 [ update ] , 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year . Umeå is a university town and centre of education , technical and medical research in northern Sweden , with two universities and over enrolled 39,000 students . [ citation needed ] Umeå was the European Capital of Culture during 2014 , along with Riga in Latvia .'}]}, {'value': 'A3 Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A3_Arena', 'summary': 'A3 Arena is an indoor arena in Umeå , Sweden . It is the home arena of the IF Björklöven and Tegs SK ice hockey teams . Its current capacity is 5,400 spectators . The arena was first opened on 17 December 1963 as Umeå ishall and rebuilt as Umeå Arena in 2001 , which was the name until 2005 . On 1 October 2008 , the name was reverted to Umeå Arena after a new sponsor deal . On 17 September 2013 , the arena was renamed T3 Center after the Swedish telecommunication company T3 bought the naming rights for at least the following five seasons ( through the 2017-18 season ) .'}]}, {'value': '5,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BIK Karlskoga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BIK_Karlskoga', 'summary': "BIK Karlskoga is a Swedish ice hockey club from Karlskoga , Sweden . They are currently playing in the second highest league in Sweden , the HockeyAllsvenskan . In 1963 , the club IFK Bofors was merged with Karlskoga IF and formed KB 63 ( formally IF Karlskoga/Bofors ) . Between 1978 and 2011 the club was known as Bofors IK , which was then changed to its current name . Karlskoga has been a stable fixture in Sweden 's second tier leagues , playing in HockeyAllsvenskan and its predecessors since 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Karlskoga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlskoga', 'summary': 'Karlskoga ( Swedish pronunciation : [ kaɭˈskûːɡa ] ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskoga Municipality in Örebro County , Sweden with 27,562 inhabitants in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nobelhallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobelhallen', 'summary': 'Nobelhallen is an indoor arena in Karlskoga , Örebro County , Sweden . Its current capacity is 5,600 and it was built in 1971 . It is the home arena of the ice hockey team BIK Karlskoga .'}]}, {'value': '6,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlskrona HK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlskrona_HK', 'summary': 'Karlskrona HK is an ice hockey club located in Karlskrona , Sweden , established in 2001 . They played in the second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan between the 2012-13 and 2014-15 seasons . Their home arena is NKT Arena Karlskrona which has a capacity of 5,050 spectators .'}]}, {'value': 'Karlskrona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlskrona', 'summary': "Karlskrona ( UK : /ˈkɑːrlskroʊnə/ , US : /kɑːrlzˈkruːnə/ , Swedish : [ kaɭsˈkrûːna ] ( listen ) or [ karlsˈkrûːna ] ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality , Blekinge County , Sweden with 66,675 inhabitants in 2018 . It is also the capital of Blekinge County . Karlskrona is known as Sweden 's only baroque city and is host to Sweden 's only remaining naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard ."}]}, {'value': 'NKT Arena Karlskrona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NKT_Arena_Karlskrona', 'summary': 'NKT Arena Karlskrona is a multi-purpose sporting arena providing both indoors and outdoors amenities , and is located in Karlskrona , Sweden . The arena was opened on October 28 , 2005 . It is the home arena of the ice hockey team Karlskrona HK . The construction was divided into six venues for ice hockey , curling , badminton , tennis , gymnastics , swimming , and handball . During ice hockey events , the arena seats 5,050 spectators . The arena hosted the 3rd semi-final of Melodifestivalen 2006 and the 4th semi-final of Melodifestivalen 2008 . The arena has various restaurants .'}]}, {'value': '5,050', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kristianstads IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristianstads_IK', 'summary': 'Kristianstads IK , or simply Kristianstad ( pronounced [ krɪˈɧǎnːsta , -ɑːd ] ) is a Swedish ice hockey club based in Kristianstad . It plays in Hockeyallsvenskan , the second tier , having been promoted to that level for the first time in history in 2019 . The team is nicknamed the Wild Kings . In 2018-19 it had an average attendance of 1017 , the fifth highest of the 47 teams in Hockeyettan , and the second highest for a sports team based in Kristianstad , after IFK Kristianstad .'}]}, {'value': 'Kristianstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristianstad', 'summary': 'Kristianstad ( UK : /ˈkrɪstʃənstɑːd/ , Swedish : [ krɪˈɧǎnːsta , -ɑːd ] ; older spelling Christianstad ) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality , Skåne County , Sweden with 40,145 inhabitants in 2016 . During the last 15 years , it has gone from a garrison town to a developed commercial city , today attracting visitors in the summertime mainly from Germany , Denmark and The Netherlands . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Kristianstads ishall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Modo Hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modo_Hockey', 'summary': "Modo Hockey ( or MODO with uppercase letters ) is a professional ice hockey club in Örnsköldsvik , Sweden . The team plays in Sweden 's second-tier league HockeyAllsvenskan . The club was founded in March 1921 and has won two SHL championships ; in 1979 and 2007 . The team 's home arena is the Fjällräven Center ( previously known as Swedbank Arena ) since 2006 . Before then , the team played at Kempehallen , beginning in 1964 ."}]}, {'value': 'Örnsköldsvik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Örnsköldsvik', 'summary': 'Örnsköldsvik ( Swedish pronunciation : [ œɳɧœldsˈviːk ] ) is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden , with 32,953 inhabitants in 2017 . Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area . It is well known as an exporter of pulp and paper products and heavy machinery goods . It has a strong environmental record and is the testbed for ethanol-powered cars .'}]}, {'value': 'Fjällräven Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fjällräven_Center', 'summary': 'Fjällräven Center ( formerly Swedbank Arena ) is an indoor sporting arena located in Örnsköldsvik , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 7,350 for ice hockey games and 9,800 for concerts , and the arena was opened on 26 August 2006 .'}]}, {'value': '7,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mora IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mora_IK', 'summary': 'Mora IK ( or Mora Ishockeyklubb ) is a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Mora in northern Dalarna . After failing the 2019 SHL qualifiers , Mora has been relegated for play in the second-tier league , HockeyAllsvenskan . Mora has previously played 25 seasons in the top tier , including four seasons in Elitserien ( as the SHL was called at the time ) . The team has reached the finals of the Swedish Championships only once , in 1950 , a match which they lost 7-2 to Djurgårdens IF . Mora has played in the top two tiers of Swedish hockey since the 1944-45 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Mora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mora,_Sweden', 'summary': 'Mora is a locality and the seat of Mora Municipality in Dalarna County , Sweden , with 10,896 inhabitants in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jalas Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jalas_Arena', 'summary': "Jalas Arena , formerly named Smidjegrav Arena and FM Mattsson Arena , is an indoor sporting arena located in Mora , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 4,500 and it was built in 1967 . It is the home arena of the Mora IK ice hockey team . It was one of two sites for the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships , along with Ejendals Arena in Leksand . The venue was renamed Smidjegrav Arena on 26 June 2015 following the expiration of FM Mattsson 's naming rights deal ."}]}, {'value': '4,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Södertälje SK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Södertälje_SK', 'summary': "Södertälje Sportklubb , also known as Södertälje SK and often referred to as SSK , is a Swedish professional ice hockey club playing in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second highest level of pro hockey in Sweden . Södertälje were charter members of Elitserien when the league was founded in 1975 and have since played 24 seasons in the league ( 1975-1978 , 1980-1981 , 1983-1992 , 1996-1998 , 2001-2006 , 2007-2011 ) . Södertälje SK 's fan club is known as Supporterklubben"}]}, {'value': 'Södertälje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Södertälje', 'summary': "Södertälje ( /ˌsɜːrdərˈtɛljə , ˌsʌd-/ SU ( R ) D-ər-TEL-yə ; Swedish : [ sœdɛˈʈɛ̂lːjɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden . As of 2016 , it has a population of 71,774 inhabitants . The industrial city , about 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) southwest of Stockholm , is the home to truck maker Scania AB and one of the manufacturing arms of pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca . Its research and development facility was closed in 2012 . Its former facility was sold to a consortium of PEAB and Acturum , the acquisition department of the Wallenberg Foundation . More than 40 percent of Södertälje 's inhabitants have foreign backgrounds , and this proportion increases by 1.5 percent per year . Assyrians/Syriacs are the largest groups of immigrants in Södertälje ."}]}, {'value': 'Axa Sports Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Axa_Sports_Center', 'summary': 'Axa Sports Center or Södertälje Event Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Södertälje , Sweden that was built opened on 2 October 1970 as Scaniarinken , with an ice hockey game where Södertälje SK defeated Djurgårdens IF , 5-2 The capacity of the arena is 6,200 but before the renovation and name change in 2005 it could host much larger numbers , with the record being 11,372 people . It is the home arena of the Södertälje SK ice hockey team and the Axa/Marlboro curling team . In February 2016 the arena was re-named back to Scaniarinken as the 10-year title deal with Axa expired .'}]}, {'value': '6,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Timrå IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timrå_IK', 'summary': 'Timrå IK is a Swedish ice hockey team from Timrå . After failing the 2019 SHL qualifiers , Timrå has been relegated for play in the second-tier league , HockeyAllsvenskan , in the 2019-20 season . Previous seasons in the top Swedish division include 1956-57 to 1975-76 , 1977-78 , 1981-82 , and 2000-01 to 2012-13 .'}]}, {'value': 'Timrå', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timrå', 'summary': "Timrå ( pronunciation ) is a locality and the seat of Timrå Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden with 10,443 inhabitants in 2010 . It is located about 13 km north of Sundsvall ( a town with a metropolitan area of some 100,000 inhabitants ) , and could arguably be considered a satellite to that town . The two closest cities ( Sundsvall and Härnösand ) share one airport , Midlanda , that is geographically located in Timrå . Indalsälven , one of Sweden 's largest rivers with a length of 430 km , meets the Gulf of Botnia in Timrå . In Sweden , Timrå is mainly known for its ice hockey club Timrå IK , which , as of season 2018/19 plays in the Swedish top division SHL . In 1995 , Swedish artist Bengt Lindström constructed the Y , a 30 meter high sculpture located in Timrå . Local legend says that Sörberge , on the north side of the town , is haunted by a tall man wearing a very large coat called 'Stor Bubbas ' ."}]}, {'value': 'NHK Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NHK_Arena', 'summary': 'NHK Arena , formerly E.ON Arena , Sydkraft Arena and Timrå Isstadion , is an indoor sporting arena located in Timrå , Sweden . It is the home arena of the Timrå IK ice hockey team . The current capacity is 6,000 .'}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tingsryds AIF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tingsryds_AIF', 'summary': "Tingsryds AIF ( sometimes abbreviated TAIF ) is an ice hockey club based in Tingsryd , Sweden . The club is playing in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden ( as of the 2015-16 season [ update ] ) . The club was founded in 1923 and played seven seasons in Division I when it was Sweden 's highest-level hockey league . Tingsryd plays their home matches at Nelson Garden Arena ( formerly known as Dackehallen ) , which has a capacity of 3,400 spectators ."}]}, {'value': 'Tingsryd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tingsryd', 'summary': 'Tingsryd ( pronunciation ) is a locality and the seat of Tingsryd Municipality , Kronoberg County , Sweden with 3,037 inhabitants in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson Garden Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Garden_Arena', 'summary': 'Nelson Garden Arena ( formerly named Dackehallen ) is an indoor arena in Tingsryd , Sweden . It was completed in 1969 and has a capacity of 3,400 spectators . Its current name was inaugurated in September 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '3,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HC Vita Hästen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HC_Vita_Hästen', 'summary': "HC Vita Hästen is a Swedish hockey club , based in Norrköping , which was founded following the bankruptcy of a previous club called IK Vita Hästen . The team plays in HockeyAllsvenskan , the second tier of the Swedish ice hockey system , as of the 2014-15 season . The current team was founded as Norrköping Hockey immediately following the bankruptcy of the previous club . Norrköping Hockey soon merged with Skärblacka IF to form NSH-96 , which soon thereafter took the name Hästen Hockey . Years later , in 2007 , the club retook the name Vita Hästen , but were required by the league to use HC Vita Hästen rather than IK Vita Hästen to avoid confusion with the first incarnation of Vita Hästen . The name Vita Hästen literally translates to [ The ] White Horse . The previous club , IK Vita Hästen , was a merger in 1967 of the ice hockey sections of rivaling teams IFK Norrköping and IK Sleipner . The merged club was formally called IF IFK/IKS but mostly referred to simply as Norrköping in the league tables in newspapers and such . However , since IFK Norrköping played in white jerseys and Sleipner was the name of a horse ( Norse god Odin 's horse ) , the team soon got the nickname vita hästen , i e the white horse . By 1973 , this name was so commonly used that it was chosen as the actual club name . Current NHL player Jonathan Ericsson played for HC Vita Hasten ."}]}, {'value': 'Norrköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norrköping', 'summary': "Norrköping ( /ˈnɔːrtʃɜːpɪŋ/ ; Swedish : [ ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality , Östergötland County , about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm . The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016 , out of a municipal total of 130,050 , making it Sweden 's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality . The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström , at Bråviken , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city , known for its textile industry . It has several nicknames such as : Sweden 's Manchester , Peking and Surbullestan ( Surbulle [ sour bun ] was a local nickname for the textile workers , and stan is short for Staden , which means The City or The Town in Swedish ) . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Himmelstalundshallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Himmelstalundshallen', 'summary': 'Himmelstalundshallen is an indoor arena in Norrköping , Sweden . It is home arena for the ice hockey team HC Vita Hästen . It opened in 1977 and holds 4,280 people . The arena hosted the preliminary games of group B at the 2003 EuroBasket .'}]}, {'value': '4,280', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västerviks IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västerviks_IK', 'summary': 'Västerviks IK is a Swedish ice hockey club , based in Västervik . The club , founded in 1971 , had spent decades yo-yoing between the third and fourth tiers of Swedish ice hockey , Division 1 and Division 2 , before securing promotion on March 31 , 2016 , to HockeyAllsvenskan ( second tier ) for the 2016-17 season . The club almost reached the Swedish Elite League Kvalserien during the 1996-1997 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Västervik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västervik', 'summary': 'Västervik is a city and the seat of Västervik Municipality , Kalmar County , Sweden , with 21,140 inhabitants in 2010 . Västervik is one of three coastal towns with a notable population size in the province of Småland .'}]}, {'value': 'Plivit Trade-hallen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västerås IK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västerås_IK', 'summary': 'Västerås IK ( Västerås IK Hockey Klubb ) is an ice hockey club from Västerås , Sweden . The team is currently playing in the second-tier league in Sweden , Hockeyallsvenskan . Västerås IK played 12 seasons in the top Swedish league Elitserien ( 1988-89 to 1999-00 ) before the club went bankrupt and merged with the junior club ( Västerås IK Ungdom ) , which changed name to VIK Västerås HK in 2005 . In 2018 , after playing a year in tier three , Hockeyettan , the club changed it name back to the old name Västerås IK .'}]}, {'value': 'Västerås', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västerås', 'summary': 'Västerås ( /ˌvɛstərˈoʊs/ VEST-ər-OHSS , US also /-ˈɔːs/ -\u2060AWSS , Swedish : [ ʋɛstɛrˈoːs ] ( listen ) ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland , 100 kilometres ( 62 miles ) west of Stockholm . The city had a population of 119,372 in 2016 , out of the municipal total of 150,000 ( 2017 ) . Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality , the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see .'}]}, {'value': 'ABB Arena Nord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABB_Arena', 'summary': 'ABB Arena is the common name for the two biggest indoor arenas in Västerås , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': '4,902', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2019–20 participating teams', 'section_text': 'This section is transcluded from 2019–20 HockeyAllsvenskan season . ( edit | history ) AIKAlmtunaKarlskogaKarlskronaKristianstadBjörklövenModoMoraSödertäljeTimråTingsrydVita HästenVästervikVästerås HockeyAllsvenskan team map', 'uid': 'HockeyAllsvenskan_0', 'intro': 'HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system (after the SHL). Since the 2009-10 season, the league consists of fourteen teams.'}
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What is the population of the city containing the Nobelhallen arena ?
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27,562
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0328610db76d9eb4
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya', 'title': 'Srivijaya', 'header': ['Date', 'Name', 'Capital', 'Stone inscription or embassies to China and events'], 'data': [{'value': '683', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dapunta_Hyang_Sri_Jayanasa', 'summary': 'Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa ( IAST : Ḍapunta Hiyaṃ Śrī Jayanāśa ) was the first Maharaja / Emperor of Srivijaya and thought to be the dynastic founder of Kadatuan Srivijaya . His name was mentioned in the series of Srivijayan inscriptions dated from late 7th century CE dubbed as the Siddhayatra inscriptions , describing his sacred journey to acquire blessings and also to conquer neighboring areas . He reigned around the turn of late 7th century to early 8th century , more precisely in the period between 671 and 702 CE .'}]}, {'value': 'Srivijaya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kedukan Bukit ( 682 ) , Talang Tuwo ( 684 ) , and Kota Kapur inscriptions Malayu conquest , Central Java conquest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedukan_Bukit_Inscription', 'summary': 'The Kedukan Bukit inscription is an inscription discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit , South Sumatra , Indonesia , on the banks of the River Tatang , a tributary of the River Musi . It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language , in a form known as Old Malay . It is a small stone of 45 cm × 80 cm . This inscription is dated 1 May 683 CE . This inscription was written in Pallava script . The inscriptions contain numerous Sanskrit words .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Talang_Tuwo_inscription', 'summary': 'The Talang Tuo inscription is a 7th-century Srivijaya inscription discovered by Louis Constant Westenenk on 17 November 1920 , on the foot of Bukit Seguntang near Palembang . This inscription tells about the establishment of the bountiful Śrīksetra park awarded by Sri Jayanasa the king of Srivijaya , for the well being of all creatures . :82-83 The inscription was discovered in good condition with clearly inscribed scripts . Its size is 50 cm × 80 cm . It is a stone block and it is dated from 606 Saka ( corresponds to 23 March 684 ) , written Pallava script in Old Malay . The inscription consists of 14 lines . Van Ronkel and Bosch are the first scholars who translated the inscription . Their work was published in Acta Orientalia . Since 1920 , the inscription has been stored in National Museum of Indonesia , Jakarta , under inventory number D.145 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kota_Kapur_Inscription', 'summary': "Kota Kapur Inscription is an inscription discovered in western coast of Bangka Island , offcoast South Sumatra , Indonesia , by J.K. van der Meulen in December 1892 . It was named after the village of the same name which is the location where this archaeological findings were discovered . This inscription is using Old Malay language written in Pallava script . It was one of the oldest surviving written evidence of ancient Malay language . The inscription dated first day of half moon Vaiśākha on the year 608 Śaka ( 28 February 686 CE ) , mentioned about the curse of whomever committed treason against Srivijaya and the beginning of Srivijayan invasion against Java . The inscription was first examined and dated by H. Kern , a Dutch epigrapher that worked for Bataviaasch Genootschap in Batavia . At first he thought that Srivijaya was the name of a king . George Cœdès noted the name on the inscriptions was that of Srivijaya , a Buddhist kingdom in 638-86 , that had just conquered the hinterland of Jambi and the island of Bangka and was preparing to launch a military expedition against Java . The name corresponds to Yijing 's . :82"}]}, {'value': '702', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sri Indravarman Che-li-t ' o-lo-pa-mo", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sri_Indravarman', 'summary': "Sri Indravarman was an 8th-century king of Srivijaya Kingdom who sent three emissaries to China , first in 702 CE , second in 716 CE , and third in 724 CE . His name was recorded in the Chinese sources as Che-li-t ' o-lo-pa-mo . He was also recorded to have sent two letters to the Arabian Umayyad caliphs , first in c.680 CE and second in 718 CE . Listed among the Srivijayan gifts to the Chinese emperor was a ts'engchi ( from Arabic : zanji , black people ) slave , presumably received from its Arabic connection . These relationships suggested that Srivijaya during his reign already had good international trades with the outside world , both from West and East Asia . Indravarman was succeeded by his son Rudra Vikrama , who continued sending embassies to China ."}]}, {'value': 'Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Embassies 702 , 716 , 724 to China Embassies to Caliph Muawiyah I and Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '728', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Rudra Vikrama Liu-t'eng-wei-kung", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudra_Vikrama', 'summary': "Rudra Vikrama ( or maybe Rudravarman ) was an 8th-century king of Srivijaya Kingdom who sent two emissaries to China , first one in 728 CE and the second one in 742 CE . His name was recorded in the chronicle New Book of Tang ( Xīn Tángshū ) as Liu-t'eng-wei-kung , and his royal title was Ho-mi-to which could be the Sanskrit word Amrta ( immortal ) . During his reign , it was assumed that Srivijaya continued its northern expansion along the Malacca Strait and the southeastern one around the Sunda Strait , to ensure its trade hegemony ."}]}, {'value': 'Srivijaya Shih-li-fo-shih', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Embassies 728 , 742 to China', 'urls': []}, {'value': '775', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharmasetu or Vishnu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharmasetu', 'summary': 'Dharmasetu was an 8th-century maharaja of Srivijaya . Under his reign , he successfully incorporated Pan Pan , a kingdom located in the north of the Malay Peninsula into Srivijayan sphere of influence before 775 AD . At an old monastery of Nakhon Si Thammarat in modern-day Thailand , there is a stele indicating that Dharmasetu ordered the construction of three sanctuaries dedicated to Bodhisattvas Padmapani , Vajrapani and Buddha in Ligor . :130-131 The inscription further stated that the Dharmasetu was the head of the Sailendra of Java . This is the first instance of relationship known existed between Srivijaya and the Sailendra . :221-223 Dewi Tara , the daughter of Dharmasetu later married a member of the Sailendra family by the name of Samaratunga whom later would assumed throne of Srivijaya around 792.:175 , 143-145 The relationship between Srivijaya and the Sailendra became intimately close afterwards . He was succeeded by his son-in-law Sangramadhananjaya , around 782.:136'}]}, {'value': 'Java', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Java', 'summary': "Java ( Indonesian : Jawa ; Javanese : ꦗꦮ ; Sundanese : ᮏᮝ ) is an island of Indonesia , bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south and the Java Sea on the north . With a population of over 141 million ( Java only ) or 145 million ( including the inhabitants of its surrounding islands ) , Java has 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the world 's most populous island . The Indonesian capital city , Jakarta , is located on its northwestern coast . Much of the well-known part of Indonesian history took place on Java . It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires , the Islamic sultanates , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies . Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s . Java dominates Indonesia politically , economically and culturally . Four of Indonesia 's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java : Ujung Kulon National Park , Borobudur Temple , Prambanan Temple , and Sangiran Early Man Site . Formed mostly as the result of volcanic eruptions from geologic subduction between Sunda Plate and Australian Plate , Java is the 13th largest island in the world and the fifth largest in Indonesia by landmass at about 138,800 square kilometres ( 53,600 sq mi ) . A chain of volcanic mountains forms an east-west spine along the island . Three main languages are spoken on the island : Javanese , Sundanese , and Madurese , where Javanese is the most spoken ; it is the native language of about 60 million Javanese people in Indonesia , most of whom live on Java . Furthermore , most residents are bilingual , speaking Indonesian ( the official language of Indonesia ) as their first or second language ."}]}, {'value': 'Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Ligor ) , Vat Sema Muang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat', 'summary': 'Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Thai : นครศรีธรรมราช , pronounced [ ná ( ʔ ) .kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.má.râːt ] ; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja ) is a city ( thesaban nakhon ) in southern Thailand , capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District . It is about 610 km ( 380 mi ) south of Bangkok , on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula . The city was the administrative center of southern Thailand during most of its history . Originally a coastal city , silting moved the coastline away from the city . The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east , which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune . The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town . As of 2005 , the city had a population of 105,417 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ligor', 'summary': 'Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Thai : นครศรีธรรมราช , pronounced [ ná ( ʔ ) .kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.má.râːt ] ; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja ) is a city ( thesaban nakhon ) in southern Thailand , capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District . It is about 610 km ( 380 mi ) south of Bangkok , on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula . The city was the administrative center of southern Thailand during most of its history . Originally a coastal city , silting moved the coastline away from the city . The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east , which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune . The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town . As of 2005 , the city had a population of 105,417 .'}]}, {'value': '775', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dharanindra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharanindra', 'summary': "Dharanindra or commonly known as King Indra was the ruler of the Sailendra dynasty who was the Emperor of Central Java and Srivijaya . Dharanindra was the successor of Panangkaran , he ruled the kingdom in the period 775 - 800 . He was mentioned as a great conqueror and credited for Sailendra 's overseas campaign . He was mentioned in Kelurak inscription ( dated 782 ) in his formal reign name Sri Sanggrama Dhananjaya . :91 In this inscription he was hailed as Wairiwarawiramardana or the slayer of courageous enemies . The similar title also found in Ligor B inscription discovered in Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula ; Sarwwarimadawimathana , which suggest it referred to the same person . Dharanindra seems to be a warlike character , as he embarked on military naval expedition overseas and has brought Sailendras ' control on Ligor in Malay Peninsula . After conquering and taking Ligor back from Water Chenla , he also launched raids against Champa in 774 and 770 , and conquered Southern Cambodia in Mekong delta in early 9th century . During this time , Jayavarman II from Java ( Malay Peninsula ) , was probably the commander of the Srivijayan army . At the behest of Maharaja Srivijaya ( Dharaindra ) , Jayavarman II was installed as a new Cambodia king and Angkor Dynasty was founded . King Indra seems to continue the builder tradition of his predecessor . He continued and completed the construction of Manjusrigrha temple , and according to the Karangtengah inscription ( dated 824 ) responsible for the construction of Venuvana temple , connected to Mendut or probably Ngawen temple ."}]}, {'value': 'Java', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Java', 'summary': "Java ( Indonesian : Jawa ; Javanese : ꦗꦮ ; Sundanese : ᮏᮝ ) is an island of Indonesia , bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south and the Java Sea on the north . With a population of over 141 million ( Java only ) or 145 million ( including the inhabitants of its surrounding islands ) , Java has 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the world 's most populous island . The Indonesian capital city , Jakarta , is located on its northwestern coast . Much of the well-known part of Indonesian history took place on Java . It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires , the Islamic sultanates , and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies . Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s . Java dominates Indonesia politically , economically and culturally . Four of Indonesia 's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java : Ujung Kulon National Park , Borobudur Temple , Prambanan Temple , and Sangiran Early Man Site . Formed mostly as the result of volcanic eruptions from geologic subduction between Sunda Plate and Australian Plate , Java is the 13th largest island in the world and the fifth largest in Indonesia by landmass at about 138,800 square kilometres ( 53,600 sq mi ) . A chain of volcanic mountains forms an east-west spine along the island . Three main languages are spoken on the island : Javanese , Sundanese , and Madurese , where Javanese is the most spoken ; it is the native language of about 60 million Javanese people in Indonesia , most of whom live on Java . Furthermore , most residents are bilingual , speaking Indonesian ( the official language of Indonesia ) as their first or second language ."}]}, {'value': 'Ligor , started to build Borobudur in 770 , conquered South Cambodia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ligor', 'summary': 'Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Thai : นครศรีธรรมราช , pronounced [ ná ( ʔ ) .kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.má.râːt ] ; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja ) is a city ( thesaban nakhon ) in southern Thailand , capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District . It is about 610 km ( 380 mi ) south of Bangkok , on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula . The city was the administrative center of southern Thailand during most of its history . Originally a coastal city , silting moved the coastline away from the city . The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east , which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune . The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town . As of 2005 , the city had a population of 105,417 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Borobudur', 'summary': "Borobudur , or Barabudur ( Indonesian : Candi Borobudur , Javanese : ꦕꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦧꦫꦧꦸꦣꦸꦂ , romanized : Candhi Barabudhur ) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency , not far from the town of Muntilan , in Central Java , Indonesia . It is the world 's largest Buddhist temple . The temple consists of nine stacked platforms , six square and three circular , topped by a central dome . It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues . The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues , each seated inside a perforated stupa . Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty , the temple design follows Javanese Buddhist architecture , which blends the Indonesian indigenous cult of ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of attaining Nirvana . The temple demonstrates the influences of Gupta art that reflects India 's influence on the region , yet there are enough indigenous scenes and elements incorporated to make Borobudur uniquely Indonesian . The monument is a shrine to the Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage . The pilgrim journey begins at the base of the monument and follows a path around the monument , ascending to the top through three levels symbolic of Buddhist cosmology : Kāmadhātu ( the world of desire ) , Rūpadhātu ( the world of forms ) and Arūpadhātu ( the world of formlessness ) . The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the balustrades . Borobudur has one of the largest and most complete ensembles of Buddhist reliefs in the world . Evidence suggests that Borobudur was constructed in the 9th century and subsequently abandoned following the 14th-century decline of Hindu kingdoms in Java and the Javanese conversion to Islam ."}]}, {'value': '782', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samaragrawira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samaragrawira', 'summary': 'Sri Maharaja Samaragrawira or also known as Rakai Warak was a ruler of the Medang Kingdom of Central Java:92 from approximately 800 to 819 . This name is found in the list of kings of Medang in the Mantyasih inscription . One theory put forward by historian Slamet Muljana suggests that the original name is Samaragrawira , the father of Balaputradewa , King of Srivijaya .'}]}, {'value': 'Java', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ligor , Arabian text ( 790 ) , continued the construction of Borobudur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ligor', 'summary': 'Nakhon Si Thammarat ( Thai : นครศรีธรรมราช , pronounced [ ná ( ʔ ) .kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.má.râːt ] ; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja ) is a city ( thesaban nakhon ) in southern Thailand , capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District . It is about 610 km ( 380 mi ) south of Bangkok , on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula . The city was the administrative center of southern Thailand during most of its history . Originally a coastal city , silting moved the coastline away from the city . The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east , which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune . The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town . As of 2005 , the city had a population of 105,417 .'}]}, {'value': '792', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samaratungga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samaratungga', 'summary': "Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty who ruled Central Java and Srivijaya in the 8th and the 9th century . He was the successor of King Indra , and his name was mentioned in Karangtengah inscription dated 824 CE:92 as the constructor of a sacred Buddhist building called Venuvana ( Sankirt : bamboo forest ) to place the cremated ashes of his predecessor King Indra of Sailendra . During his administration , he initiated the construction of a massive Buddhist monument Borobudur . Samaratungga married Dewi Tara , the princess of Srivijayan ruler Dharmasetu , which created close political alliance between the Sailendras and Srivijaya . Samaratungga had one son by the name of Balaputra and one daughter Pramodhawardhani . After Samaratungga died , Pramodhawardhani married the Shivaite Rakai Pikatan from Sanjaya dynasty . Rakai Pikatan managed to usurp Balaputra 's authority over Central Java and forced the Saleidras to flee Java for Srivijaya . :108 Under the reign of Samaratungga too , Jayavarman II was appointed as the governor of Indrapura in the Mekong delta . Jayavarman later revoked his allegiance to the Sailedras and Srivijaya to form the Khmer Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Java', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karangtengah inscription ( 824 ) , 802 lost Cambodia , 825 completion of Borobudur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karangtengah_inscription', 'summary': 'Karangtengah inscription ( also known as Kayumwungan inscription ) is the inscriptions written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE , discovered in Karangtengah hamlet , Temanggung Regency , Central Java , Indonesia . The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages ; Old Javanese and Sanskrit . The lines 1-24 was written in Sanskrit , the rest of the lines was written in old Javanese . The inscription is linked with the temple Borobudur and Mendut'}]}, {'value': '835', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Balaputradewa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balaputra', 'summary': 'Balaputradewa was the maharaja of Srivijaya in the 9th century CE as well as the former head of the Sailendra dynasty . He was the youngest son of the preceding Sailendran maharaja , Samaratunga , through marriage with Dewi Tara who was in turn the daughter of another maharaja , Dharmasetu of Srivijaya .'}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost Central Java , moved to Srivijaya Nalanda inscription ( 860 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nalanda_inscription', 'summary': 'The Nalanda inscription is an ancient Buddhist inscription located in Nalanda , within the present day Bihar state of Northeastern India . It has been dated to 860 CE . The inscription talks about king Devapaladeva of Bengala ( Pala Empire ) who had granted the request of Sri Maharaja of Suvarnadvipa , Balaputra , to build a Buddhist monastery at Nalanda . Balaputra was mentioned as the son of Samaragrawira , grandson of Śailendravamsatilaka ( the jewel of the Śailendra family ) with stylized name Śrīviravairimathana ( the slayer of enemy hero ) , king of Java that married Tārā , daughter of Dharmasetu . :108 It was found by Hirananda Shastri in 1921 in the antechamber of Monastery 1 at Nalanda .'}]}, {'value': '960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Udayadityavarman Si-li-Hu-ta-hsia-li-tan Shih-li Wu-yeh', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassies 960 , 962', 'urls': []}, {'value': '980', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Haji Hsia-ch'ih", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassies 980 , 983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Cudamani Warmadewa Se-li-chu-la-wu-ni-fu-ma-tian-hwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cudamani_Warmadewa', 'summary': 'Sri Cudamani Warmadewa or Sri Cudamani Varmadeva or written as Shi-li-zhu-luo-wu-ni-fo-ma-tiao-hua ( Chinese transcription ) , was an emperor of Srivijaya which belongs to the Sailendra dynasty , who reigned in Palembang in the late 10th century CE ( circa 988 to 1004 ) . He was known as an able and astute ruler , a clever tactician with shrewd diplomatic skills . His reign was quite renowned since during his period , the kingdom faced a dire crisis ; the naval invasion of Javanese Medang Kingdom . He was the nemesis of King Dharmawangsa of Java .'}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassies 988,992,1003,1004 Javanese King Dharmawangsa attack of Srivijaya , building of temple for Chinese Emperor , Tanjore Inscription or Leiden Inscription ( 1044 ) , building of temple at Nagapattinam with revenue from Rajaraja Chola I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dharmawangsa', 'summary': 'Dharmawangsa ( also spelled Dharmavamsa ) , stylized regnal name Sri Maharaja Isyana Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramottunggadewa of Isyana dynasty was the last raja of the Kingdom of Medang reigned from 990-1016 CE . He also known in his posthumous name Wijayamreta Wardhana which means powerful in glorious death , which refer to his fight to the death .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nagapattinam', 'summary': 'Nagapattinam ( nākappaṭṭinam , previously spelt Nagapatnam or Negapatam ) is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Nagapattinam District . The town came to prominence during the period of Medieval Cholas ( 9th-12th century CE ) and served as their important port for commerce and east-bound naval expeditions . The Chudamani Vihara in Nagapattinam constructed by the Srivijayan king Sri Mara Vijayattungavarman of the Sailendra dynasty with the help of Rajaraja Chola I was an important Buddhist structure in those times . Nagapattinam was settled by the Portuguese and , later , the Dutch under whom it served as the capital of Dutch Coromandel from 1660 to 1781 . In November 1781 , the town was conquered by the British East India Company . It served as the capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British . It continued to be a part of Thanjavur district in Independent India . In 1991 , it was made the headquarters of the newly created Nagapattinam District . Nagapattinam is administered by a Selection-grade municipality covering an area of 17.92 km2 ( 6.92 sq mi ) and had a population of 102,905 as of 2011 . A majority of the people of Nagapattinam are employed in sea-borne trading , fishing , agriculture and tourism . Kayarohanaswami Temple and Soundararajaperumal Temple , Nagapattinam are the major Hindu pilgrimage sites . Nagapattinam is the base for tourism for Sikkal , Velankanni , Poompuhar , Kodiakkarai , Vedaranyam , and [ [ Tharangambadi ] .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rajaraja_Chola_I', 'summary': 'Rajaraja I , born Arulmoḷi Varman ( also transliterated as Arulmozhi Varman ) , was a Chola emperor from present day south India who ruled over the Chola kingdom of medieval Tamil Nadu ( parts of southern India ) , parts of northern India , two thirds of Sri Lankan territory , Maldives and parts of East Asia , between 985 and 1014 CE . During his reign , the Cholas expanded beyond the Kaveri delta with their domains stretching from Sri Lanka in the south to Kalinga ( modern-day Odisha ) in the north . Rajaraja also launched several naval campaigns on the ports of Malabar Coast ( Kerala ) , Maldives and Sri Lanka . Rajaraja built the Brihadisvara Temple or Peruvudaiyar Kovil in Thanjavur , one of the largest Hindu temples . During his reign , the texts of the Tamil poets Appar , Sambandar and Sundarar were collected and edited into one compilation called Thirumurai . He initiated a massive project of land survey and assessment in 1000 CE which led to the reorganisation of the country into individual units known as valanadus . Rajaraja died in 1014 CE and was succeeded by his son Rajendra Chola I .'}]}, {'value': '1006 , 1008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Maravijayottungavarman Se-li-ma-la-pi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maravijayottungavarman', 'summary': 'Sri Maravijayottunggavarman was a king of Srivijaya Kingdom of Sailendra dynasty , who reigned between 1008-c.1025 CE . He was the son of King Sri Chudamanivarmadeva . He was called Se-li-ma-la-pi in the Chinese chronicle .'}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Constructed the Chudamani Vihara in Nagapattinam , India in 1006 . Chinese Embassies 1008,1016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chudamani_Vihara', 'summary': 'Chudamani Vihara was a Buddhist vihara ( monastery ) in Nagapattinam , Tamil Nadu , India . Chudamani Vihara was constructed in 1006 CE by the Srivijayan king Sri Vijaya Maravijayattungavarman with the patronage of Rajaraja Chola . The vihara building survived in dilapidated condition . Since 1856 , about 350 Buddha bronzes have been found at Nagapattinam , dating from the 11th to the 16th century .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nagapattinam', 'summary': 'Nagapattinam ( nākappaṭṭinam , previously spelt Nagapatnam or Negapatam ) is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Nagapattinam District . The town came to prominence during the period of Medieval Cholas ( 9th-12th century CE ) and served as their important port for commerce and east-bound naval expeditions . The Chudamani Vihara in Nagapattinam constructed by the Srivijayan king Sri Mara Vijayattungavarman of the Sailendra dynasty with the help of Rajaraja Chola I was an important Buddhist structure in those times . Nagapattinam was settled by the Portuguese and , later , the Dutch under whom it served as the capital of Dutch Coromandel from 1660 to 1781 . In November 1781 , the town was conquered by the British East India Company . It served as the capital of Tanjore district from 1799 to 1845 under Madras Presidency of the British . It continued to be a part of Thanjavur district in Independent India . In 1991 , it was made the headquarters of the newly created Nagapattinam District . Nagapattinam is administered by a Selection-grade municipality covering an area of 17.92 km2 ( 6.92 sq mi ) and had a population of 102,905 as of 2011 . A majority of the people of Nagapattinam are employed in sea-borne trading , fishing , agriculture and tourism . Kayarohanaswami Temple and Soundararajaperumal Temple , Nagapattinam are the major Hindu pilgrimage sites . Nagapattinam is the base for tourism for Sikkal , Velankanni , Poompuhar , Kodiakkarai , Vedaranyam , and [ [ Tharangambadi ] .'}]}, {'value': '1017', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sumatrabhumi Ha-ch ' i-su-wa-ch ' a-p ' u", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haji_Sumatrabhumi', 'summary': "Haji Sumatrabhumi ( meaning King of the land of Sumatra ) was a king of Srivijaya Kingdom who sent envoys to the Chinese Song dynasty in 1017 . His name is recorded in Li Tao 's Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian as Xiachi Suwuzhapumi ( 霞遲蘇勿吒蒲迷 ; Baxter 's transcription for Middle Chinese : Hae-drij Su-mjut-traeH-phuX-mi ) . The title Haji was generally a denomination for a vassal king . The envoys sent by Haji Sumatrabhumi brought gold-inscribed letter , with offerings of pearls , ivory , Sanskrit religious books , and slaves . Emperor Zhenzong of Song was very pleased with them , and allowed the envoys to see the royal buildings , before sending them back with a reply letter and various other gifts . During his reign , Srivijaya was thought to have sustained attacks from Chola Kingdom , which peaked in 1025 under the leadership of King Rajendra I . This event was recorded in the Tanjore inscription . The Srivijayan ruler after him was Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman , who was captured by the Chola forces in their attack on Kedah ( Kadaram ) , one of Srivijaya 's territories ."}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassy 1017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1025', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sangrama_Vijayatunggavarman', 'summary': "Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman ( also known as Sangramavijayottunggavarman or Sang Rama Wijaya Tungga Warman ) was an emperor of Srivijaya of Sailendra dynasty , who reigned in the early 11th century in Kadaram . He was renowned for , during his reign , the great raids of the Chola empire against Srivijaya . The name of the emperor was inscribed on an inscription dated 1030 in Brihadeeswarar Temple , Tanjore . The inscription was made during the reign of Rajendra Chola I , to commemorate his military campaign against Srivijaya that was launched in 1025 . The inscription states that the Cholas successfully sacked Kadaram and took a large heap of treasures , including the Vidhyadara-torana , the jewelled 'war gate ' of Srivijaya adorned with great splendour ; during this , Vijayatunggavarman was captured . :142"}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fo-ts ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chola invasion of Srivijaya , captured by Rajendra Chola Chola Inscription on the temple of Rajaraja , Tanjore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chola_invasion_of_Srivijaya', 'summary': "In 1025 , Rajendra Chola I , the Chola king from Tamil Nadu in South India , launched naval raids on the city-state of Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia , and conquered Kadaram ( modern Kedah ) from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time . Rajendra 's overseas expedition against Srivijaya was a unique event in India 's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of Southeast Asia . Several places in Malaysia and Indonesia were invaded by Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty . The Chola invasion furthered the expansion of Tamil merchant associations such as the Manigramam , Ayyavole and Ainnurruvar into Southeast Asia . The Chola invasion led to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya and the Chola invasion also coincides with return voyage of the great Buddhist scholar Atiśa from Sumatra to India and Tibet in 1025 . The expedition of Rajendra Chola I is mentioned in the corrupted form as Raja Chulan in the medieval Malay chronicle Sejarah Melaya , and Malay princes have names ending with Cholan or Chulan , such as Raja Chulan of Perak ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rajendra_Chola', 'summary': "Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of South India ( Present day Tamil Nadu , Andhra pradesh , Kerala , Karnataka and Telangana ) who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE . During his reign , he extended the influence of the Chola empire to the banks of the river Ganga in North India and across the Indian ocean to the West and South East Asia , making the Chola Empire one of the most powerful maritime empires of India . Rajendras conquests included Sri Lanka , Maldives , and he successfully invaded the territories of Srivijaya in Malay Peninsula , Southern Thailand , Sumatra and Java in South East Asia . The Cholas exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia . He defeated Mahipala , the Pala king of Gauda in present day Bengal and Bihar , and to commemorate his victory he assumed the title of 'Gangaikondachola ' , literally the Chola who conquered the ( kingdoms near ) Ganga and also built a new capital city called Gangaikonda Cholapuram ."}]}, {'value': '1028', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Deva Shih-li Tieh-hua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sri_Deva', 'summary': "Sri Deva was a king of Srivijaya Kingdom of Sailendra dynasty , who in 1028 CE sent an envoy to China . In the chronicle History of Song ( Sòng Shǐ ) , his name was recorded as Shih-li Tieh-hua , which may not to be his complete title . He ruled shortly after Srivijaya 's various territories were attacked by King Rajendra I of the Chola dynasty in 1025 CE , in which King Sangramavijayottunggawarman of Srivijaya was defeated and captured by his opponent . Chola attack was not accompanied by the occupation of the Srivijaya territories . After the attack , Srivijaya 's power in Sumatra seemed to be restored , however it made peace with the Kahuripan Kingdom , which claimed power over the whole of Java . The Kahuripan king Airlangga supposedly married a Srivijayan princess in 1030 CE to strengthen the peace commitment . Mahayana Buddhism teaching was very popular in Srivijaya around the time of Sri Deva 's reign , as evidenced by the discovery of the Lokanatha ( Lokesvara Bodhisattva ) statue in Tapanuli which was made in 1024 CE , and from the notes of Nepalese monk Atiśa who visited Srivijaya between 1011-23 CE ."}]}, {'value': 'Palembang Pa-lin-fong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassy 1028 Building of Tien Ching temple , Kuang Cho ( Kanton ) for Chinese Emperor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1045', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samara Vijayatunggavarman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samara_Vijayatunggavarman', 'summary': 'Samara Vijayatunggavarman was the Maharaja of Srivijaya from 1045 CE .'}]}, {'value': "Srivijaya San-fots ' i", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madigiriya inscription , Bolanda inscription', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1078', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kulothunga Chola I Ti-hua-ka-lo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_I', 'summary': 'Chakravarti Kulottunga Choladeva ( also spelt Kulothunga ; r. 1070 - 1122 AD ) was an 11th-century monarch of the Chola Empire of South India . He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title Kulottunga , literally meaning the exalter of his race in Sanskrit . He did not belong to the main line of Cholas but was rather a prince of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty . His mother , Ammangaidevi , was a Chola princess and the daughter of emperor Rajendra Chola I . His father was king Rajaraja Narendra of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty who was the nephew of Rajendra Chola I and maternal grandson of Rajaraja Chola I . According to historian Sailendra Nath Sen , his accession marked the beginning of a new era and ushered in a period of internal peace and benevolent administration . Kulottunga had diplomatic relations with the north Indian city Kanauj and also with distant countries like Cambodia , Sri Vijaya , Khmer empire , kingdom of Pagan ( Burma ) and China . He established Chola overlordship over the Sri Vijaya province Kedah in Malaysia . An inscription in a Taoist temple in Guangzhou , dated to 1079 AD , declares Kulottunga , King of Chulien ( Chola ) to be the supreme chief of the Land of San-fo-tsi ( Sri Vijaya ) . According to Tan Yeok Seong , the editor of the inscription , Kulottunga ruled both the Chola and Sri Vijayan kingdoms . In the small Leyden grant that is dated to 1090 AD , the king of Kadaram ( Sri Vijaya ) is mentioned as a vassal of Kulottunga . Like his predecessors , Kulottunga was a patron of arts and literature and the much celebrated Tamil poem Kalingattuparani , attributed to poet Jayamkondar , was composed during his rule .'}]}, {'value': 'Palembang Pa-lin-fong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinese Embassy 1077', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of kings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Srivijaya_0', 'intro': "Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya or Sriwijaya in Malay or Indonesian):131 was a Buddhist thalassocratic Indonesian empire based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 8th to the 12th century AD. Srivijaya was the first unified kingdom to dominate much of the Indonesian archipelago. The rise of the Srivijayan Empire was parallel to the end of the Malay sea-faring period. Due to its location, this once-powerful state developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy. The earliest reference to it dates from the 7th century. A Tang Chinese monk, Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for six months. The earliest known inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century in the Kedukan Bukit inscription found near Palembang, Sumatra, dated 16 June 682. Between the late 7th and early 11th century, Srivijaya rose to become a hegemon in Southeast Asia. It was involved in close interactions, often rivalries, with the neighbouring Java, Kambuja and Champa. Srivijaya's main foreign interest was nurturing lucrative trade agreements with China which lasted from the Tang to the Song dynasty."}
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When was the inscription regarding Balaputradewa first found ?
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1921
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03291e5f48554c55
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_of_worship_in_Reigate_and_Banstead', 'title': 'List of places of worship in Reigate and Banstead', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Denomination/ Affiliation', 'Grade', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'All Saints Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead 51°19′20″N 0°12′03″W / 51.3221°N 0.2008°W / 51.3221 ; -0.2008 ( All Saints Church , Banstead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banstead', 'summary': 'Banstead is a town bordering Greater London in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It is 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) south of Sutton , 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Croydon , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames , and 13.3 miles ( 21 km ) south of Central London . On the North Downs , it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status . Echoing its much larger historic area and spread between newer developments , Banstead Downs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) . One of its wards is Banstead Village . The civil parish was abolished when Banstead Urban District was created . Both included many outlying parts as well as the main settlement . Contiguous Nork , which contains Banstead station shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central governmental drawn Banstead Built-up Area , which takes in Burgh Heath , and has a total population of 10,653 as at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II*', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Externally the appearance of this small stone and flint church relates to G.E . Street 's restoration in 1861 , but it is very rewarding inside because of features such as the unusual arcades with a mixture of chamfered and unchamfered arches and one very curious octagonal pier . The wide tower has a shingled broach spire . The building dates from the late 12th to early 13th century", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Edmund_Street', 'summary': 'George Edmund Street RA ( 20 June 1824 - 18 December 1881 ) , also known as G. E. Street , was an English architect , born at Woodford in Essex . Stylistically , Street was a leading practitioner of the Victorian Gothic revival . Though mainly an ecclesiastical architect , he is perhaps best known as the designer of the Royal Courts of Justice on the Strand in London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_church_restorations_and_alterations_by_G._E._Street', 'summary': "G. E. Street ( 1824-81 ) was an English architect and architectural writer , whose designs were mainly in High Victorian Gothic style . Born the son of a solicitor , he first worked in a law office , but was then articled to the architect Owen Carter in Winchester . Two years later , in 1844 , he moved to London and worked in the office of George Gilbert Scott . Here he also worked with George Frederick Bodley and William White . Street established his own architectural practice in 1849 , initially in London , and later in Wantage ( then in Berkshire ) . He was appointed as architect to the diocese of Oxford in 1850 , and retained this position until his death . He married in 1852 and in that year moved to Oxford . He returned to London in 1856 and maintained an office there for the remainder of his career . He travelled extensively , visiting the Continent of Europe frequently . Street was also a prolific writer on architectural subjects . He was a member of the Royal Academy , and in 1874 was awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects , being its president in 1881 . Most of Street 's works were in relation to churches ; designing new churches , restoring and making additions and alterations to existing churches , and designing fittings and furnishings for them ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chamfer', 'summary': 'A chamfer /ˈʃæm.fər/ or /ˈtʃæm.fər/ is a transitional edge between two faces of an object . Sometimes defined as a form of bevel , it is often created at a 45° angle between two adjoining right-angled faces . Chamfers are frequently used in machining , carpentry , furniture , concrete formwork , mirrors , printed circuit boards , and to facilitate assembly of many mechanical engineering designs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roof_shingle', 'summary': 'Roof shingles are a roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements . These elements are typically flat , rectangular shapes laid in courses from the bottom edge of the roof up , with each successive course overlapping the joints below . Shingles are made of various materials such as wood , slate , flagstone , metal , plastic , and composite materials such as fibre cement and asphalt shingles . Ceramic roof tiles , which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia , are still usually called tiles . Roof shingles may deteriorate faster and need to repel more water than wall shingles . They are a very common roofing material in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Broach_spire', 'summary': 'A broach spire is a type of tall pyramidal structure ( spire ) , which usually sits atop a tower or turret of a church . It starts on a square base and is carried up to a tapering octagonal spire by means of triangular faces .'}]}, {'value': 'ChristChurch Banstead', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead 51°19′25″N 0°11′50″W / 51.3236°N 0.1971°W / 51.3236 ; -0.1971 ( ChristChurch , Banstead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banstead', 'summary': 'Banstead is a town bordering Greater London in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It is 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) south of Sutton , 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Croydon , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames , and 13.3 miles ( 21 km ) south of Central London . On the North Downs , it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status . Echoing its much larger historic area and spread between newer developments , Banstead Downs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) . One of its wards is Banstead Village . The civil parish was abolished when Banstead Urban District was created . Both included many outlying parts as well as the main settlement . Contiguous Nork , which contains Banstead station shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central governmental drawn Banstead Built-up Area , which takes in Burgh Heath , and has a total population of 10,653 as at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Evangelical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evangelicalism', 'summary': "Evangelicalism ( /ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəlɪzəm , ˌɛvæn- , -ən/ ) , evangelical Christianity , or evangelical Protestantism , [ note 1 ] is a worldwide , trans-denominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace , solely through faith in Jesus 's atonement . Evangelicals believe in the centrality of the conversion or born again experience in receiving salvation , in the authority of the Bible as God 's revelation to humanity , and in spreading the Christian message . The movement has long had a presence in the Anglosphere before spreading further afield in the 19th , 20th and early 21st centuries . Its origins are usually traced to 1738 , with various theological streams contributing to its foundation , including English Methodism , the Moravian Church ( in particular its bishop Nicolaus Zinzendorf and his community at Herrnhut ) , and German Lutheran Pietism . Preeminently , John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening . Today , evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches , as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch . Among leaders and major figures of the evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley , George Whitefield , Jonathan Edwards , Billy Graham , Bill Bright , Harold Ockenga , John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones . The movement gained great momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in Great Britain and the United States . In 2016 , there were an estimated 619 million evangelicals in the world , meaning that one in four Christians would be classified as evangelical . The United States has the largest concentration of evangelicals in the world . American evangelicals are a quarter of the nation 's population and its single largest religious group . The main movements are Baptist churches , Pentecostalism , charismatic Evangelicalism , neo-charismatic Evangelicalism and nondenominational Evangelicalism ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The present building of 1971 ( extended in 1976 and subsequently ) is the successor to a modest tin tabernacle dating from the early 20th century , erected on land bought in 1896 . The 250-capacity iron and timber building was damaged in World War II , and by 1970 the congregation had outgrown it . The cause was originally a non-denominational mission ; worship originally took place in a house , and the church was officially founded in March 1907 . At that time it was the only Nonconformist church to serve Banstead , Chipstead and Woodmansterne . Renamed Banstead Baptist Church in 1960 , it was rededicated under its present name on 8 September 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tin_tabernacle', 'summary': 'A tin tabernacle is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron . They were developed in the mid-19th century initially in the United Kingdom . Corrugated iron was first used for roofing in London in 1829 by civil engineer Henry Robinson Palmer , and the patent was later sold to Richard Walker who advertised portable buildings for export in 1832 . The technology for producing the corrugated sheets improved , and to prevent corrosion , the sheets were galvanised with a coating of zinc , a process developed by Stanislas Sorel in Paris in the 1830s . After 1850 , many types of prefabricated buildings were produced , including churches , chapels and mission halls .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity', 'summary': 'Nondenominational Christianity ( or non-denominational Christianity ) consists of churches which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by not formally aligning with a specific Protestant denomination . Often founded by individual pastors , they have little affiliation with historic denominations , but typically adhere to evangelical Protestantism , and are a type of Protestantism .'}]}, {'value': 'Banstead Methodist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead 51°19′06″N 0°12′47″W / 51.3184°N 0.2131°W / 51.3184 ; -0.2131 ( Banstead Methodist Church , Banstead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banstead', 'summary': 'Banstead is a town bordering Greater London in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It is 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) south of Sutton , 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Croydon , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames , and 13.3 miles ( 21 km ) south of Central London . On the North Downs , it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status . Echoing its much larger historic area and spread between newer developments , Banstead Downs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) . One of its wards is Banstead Village . The civil parish was abolished when Banstead Urban District was created . Both included many outlying parts as well as the main settlement . Contiguous Nork , which contains Banstead station shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central governmental drawn Banstead Built-up Area , which takes in Burgh Heath , and has a total population of 10,653 as at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Methodist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Methodism', 'summary': "Methodism is an umbrella term used to describe denominations of Protestant Christianity which follow the line of the Methodist movement . Methodist denominations are historically related and derive their doctrine of practice and belief from the life and teachings of John Wesley . George Whitefield and John 's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement . It originated as a revival movement within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley 's death . The movement spread throughout the British Empire , the United States , and beyond because of vigorous missionary work , today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide . [ nb 1 ] Wesleyan theology , which is upheld by the Methodist Churches , focuses on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian . Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include the new birth , assurance , imparted righteousness , the possibility of entire sanctification , the works of piety , and the primacy of Scripture . Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ , the Son of God , died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all ; in theology , this view is known as Arminianism . [ nb 2 ] This teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people . However , Whitefield and several other early leaders of the movement were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the Calvinist position . In addition to evangelism , Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the works of mercy . These ideals , collectively known as the Social Gospel , are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals , orphanages , soup kitchens , and schools to follow Christ 's command to spread the good news and serve all people ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A combined school and Wesleyan chapel in Burgh Heath served Methodists in the Banstead area until a church was built near Nork Park in 1934-35 ( it opened on 9 February 1935 , five months after construction started ) . The site had been acquired in 1926 . The building was structurally unsound and was demolished in 1971 ; it was then rebuilt on the same site but in a different style', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesleyanism', 'summary': "Wesleyan theology , otherwise known as Wesleyan-Arminian theology , or Methodist theology , is a theological tradition in Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the methods of the eighteenth-century evangelical reformers John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley . More broadly , it refers to the theological system inferred from the various sermons , theological treatises , letters , journals , diaries , hymns , and other spiritual writings of the Wesleys and their contemporary coadjutors such as John William Fletcher . Wesleyan-Arminian theology , manifest today in Methodism ( inclusive of the Holiness movement ) , is named for its founders , the Wesleys , as well as for Jacob Arminius , since it is a subset of Arminian theology . In 1736 , these two brothers traveled to the Georgia colony in America as missionaries for the Church of England ; they left rather disheartened at what they saw . Both of them subsequently had religious experiences , especially John in 1738 , being greatly influenced by the Moravian Christians . They began to organize a renewal movement within the Church of England to focus on personal faith and holiness . John Wesley took Protestant churches to task over the nature of sanctification , the process by which a believer is conformed to the image of Christ , emphasizing New Testament teachings regarding the work of God and the believer in sanctification . The movement did well within the Church of England in Britain , but when the movement crossed the ocean into America , it took on a form of its own , finally being established as the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1784 . The Methodist churches are similar to Anglicanism ( in Church government and liturgical practices ) , yet have added a strong emphasis on personal faith and personal experience , especially on the new birth and entire sanctification . At its heart , the theology of John Wesley stressed the life of Christian holiness : to love God with all ones heart , mind , soul and strength , and to love one 's neighbour as oneself . Wesleys teaching also stressed experiential religion and moral responsibility ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Burgh_Heath', 'summary': 'Burgh Heath ( /ˌbɜːr ˈhiːθ/ or , especially amongst older residents , /ˌbʌrə ˈhiːθ/ ) is a residential neighbourhood with a remnant part of the Banstead Commons of the same name . Immediately north of Upper Kingswood on the A217 road , it adjoins part of Banstead to the north . The north of the area is more specifically called Great Burgh , but the terms are largely interchangeable .'}]}, {'value': "St Ann 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Banstead 51°19′17″N 0°12′42″W / 51.3215°N 0.2116°W / 51.3215 ; -0.2116 ( St Ann 's Church , Banstead )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banstead', 'summary': 'Banstead is a town bordering Greater London in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It is 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) south of Sutton , 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Croydon , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames , and 13.3 miles ( 21 km ) south of Central London . On the North Downs , it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status . Echoing its much larger historic area and spread between newer developments , Banstead Downs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) . One of its wards is Banstead Village . The civil parish was abolished when Banstead Urban District was created . Both included many outlying parts as well as the main settlement . Contiguous Nork , which contains Banstead station shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central governmental drawn Banstead Built-up Area , which takes in Burgh Heath , and has a total population of 10,653 as at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Roman Catholic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catholic_Church', 'summary': "The Catholic Church , sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017 [ update ] . As the world 's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution , it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation . The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome , known as the pope . Its central administration is the Holy See . The Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , [ note 1 ] that its bishops are the successors of Christ 's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ . It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith , reserving infallibility , passed down by sacred tradition . The Latin Church , the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church . Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one , celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven , honoured in dogmas and devotions . Its teaching includes Divine Mercy , sanctification through faith and evangelisation of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching , which emphasises voluntary support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worship originally took place in a hut which was registered for marriages in July 1936 . This unpretentious permanent church , of brick with a tiled roof , replaced it in 1950 ; its marriage licence dates from August of that year . C.W . Glover and Partners were the architects , J.H . Alleyn rebuilt the sanctuary in 1955 and more additions were made in the 1960s and 1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead United Reformed Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead 51°19′29″N 0°11′37″W / 51.3248°N 0.1937°W / 51.3248 ; -0.1937 ( Banstead United Reformed Church , Banstead )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banstead', 'summary': 'Banstead is a town bordering Greater London in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It is 2.5 miles ( 4 km ) south of Sutton , 5 miles ( 8 km ) south-west of Croydon , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) south-east of Kingston-upon-Thames , and 13.3 miles ( 21 km ) south of Central London . On the North Downs , it is on three of the four main compass points separated from other settlements by open area buffers with Metropolitan Green Belt status . Echoing its much larger historic area and spread between newer developments , Banstead Downs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) . One of its wards is Banstead Village . The civil parish was abolished when Banstead Urban District was created . Both included many outlying parts as well as the main settlement . Contiguous Nork , which contains Banstead station shares in many amenities of Banstead and is included in county-level population analyses of Banstead but not the central governmental drawn Banstead Built-up Area , which takes in Burgh Heath , and has a total population of 10,653 as at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'United Reformed Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Reformed_Church', 'summary': 'The United Reformed Church ( URC ) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom . It has approximately 46,500 members in 1,383 congregations with 608 active ministers , including 13 church related community workers .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Banstead Congregational Church was officially constituted in 1946 , but worship had been taking place in the local school since 1940 . A permanent church was founded on 10 June 1950 and finished a year later , and it was extended in 1957 , 1962 and 2000 . Its marriage registration dates from July 1952', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congregational_church', 'summary': 'Congregational churches ( also Congregationalist churches ; Congregationalism ) are Protestant churches in the Reformed tradition practicing congregationalist church governance , in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs . Congregationalism , as defined by the Pew Research Center , is estimated to represent 0.5 percent of the worldwide Protestant population ; though their polity-related customs and other ideas influenced significant parts of Protestantism , as well as other Christian congregations . The report defines it very narrowly , encompassing mainly denominations in the United States and the United Kingdom , which can trace their history back to nonconforming Protestants , Puritans , Separatists , Independents , English religious groups coming out of the English Civil War , and other English dissenters not satisfied with the degree to which the Church of England had been reformed . Congregationalist tradition has a presence in the United States , the United Kingdom , Ireland , Canada , South Africa , Australia , New Zealand , and various island nations in the Pacific region . It has been introduced either by immigrant dissenter Protestants or by missionary organization such as the London Missionary Society . A number of evangelical Congregational churches are members of the World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship . In the United Kingdom , many Congregational churches claim their descent from Protestant denominations formed on a theory of union published by the theologian and English separatist Robert Browne in 1582 . Other accounts trace these origins further back to the London Underground Church of the 1560s . Ideas of nonconforming Protestants during the Puritan Reformation of the Church of England laid foundation for these churches . In England , the early Congregationalists were called Separatists or Independents to distinguish them from the similarly Calvinistic Presbyterians , whose churches embrace a polity based on the governance of elders . Congregationalists also differed with the Reformed churches using episcopalian church governance , which is usually led by a bishop . Congregationalism in the United States traces its origins to the Puritans of New England , who wrote the Cambridge Platform of 1648 to describe the autonomy of the church and its association with others .'}]}, {'value': "St Mary 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Burgh Heath 51°18′26″N 0°13′04″W / 51.3073°N 0.2178°W / 51.3073 ; -0.2178 ( St Mary 's Church , Burgh Heath )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burgh_Heath', 'summary': 'Burgh Heath ( /ˌbɜːr ˈhiːθ/ or , especially amongst older residents , /ˌbʌrə ˈhiːθ/ ) is a residential neighbourhood with a remnant part of the Banstead Commons of the same name . Immediately north of Upper Kingswood on the A217 road , it adjoins part of Banstead to the north . The north of the area is more specifically called Great Burgh , but the terms are largely interchangeable .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'L', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The long-vanished church at Burgh Heath , which later became part of the parish of Banstead , was succeeded by a chequered flint and stone replacement built to the design of architects Whitfield and Thomas in 1908-09 . The nave has aisles on both sides', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St John the Evangelist 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_John's,_Redhill", 'summary': "St John 's is a hamlet on the fringes of Redhill , Surrey . The small elevated residential community occupies a conservation area circled by Earlswood and wooded Redhill Common which is connected along two low to mid rise streets with typically woodland-style gardens to Reigate . St John 's is in its wider definition one of the three ecclesiastical parishes that make up Redhill . The area around St John 's School and Church had very small beginnings but at one time grew so rapidly it was thought that it was the nucleus of a new town ."}]}, {'value': "Earlswood 51°13′46″N 0°10′35″W / 51.2294°N 0.1764°W / 51.2294 ; -0.1764 ( St John the Evangelist 's Church , Earlswood )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earlswood', 'summary': 'Earlswood is a suburb of Redhill in Surrey , England . Earlswood lies on the A23 between Redhill ( in the direction of London ) and Horley ( next to Gatwick Airport ) , from which the neighbouring community , Whitebushes is separated by a wide rural buffer zone . The two main southern communities of Redhill are in local administration grouped together to form a ward , Earlswood and Whitebushes . Earlswood Common is a Local Nature Reserve that separates the suburb from the southern suburbs of Reigate , and has two lakes known as Earlswood Lakes and picnic areas . Earlswood is contiguous with Whitebushes but is also to the west . East of its station and the Brighton Main Line are three unconnected estates : east Earlswood ; Royal Earlswood Park and East Surrey Hospital with Whitebushes . Redhill Football Club Redhill F.C . has its ground , Kiln Brow , on a site in Earlswood on the East side of the A23 immediately north of East Surrey Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'II*', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Redhill 's oldest church stands on Earlswood Common and was built in three stages : 1842-43 by J.T . Knowles , 1867 by Ford & Robert Hesketh , and 1889-95 by John Loughborough Pearson . Flint and limestone were the early materials , to which Pearson added pale stock brickwork when he revamped the chancel and nave and built the landmark corner tower and spire", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Thomas_Knowles_(1806–1884)', 'summary': "James Thomas Knowles ( 1806-1884 ) was an English architect with an extensive practice , building upper-class houses in the Italianate manner more familiar in the work of Sir Charles Barry . His designs submitted in the competition for the new Houses of Parliament lost to Barry 's ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Loughborough_Pearson', 'summary': 'John Loughborough Pearson RA ( 5 July 1817 - 11 December 1897 ) was a Gothic Revival architect renowned for his work on churches and cathedrals . Pearson revived and practised largely the art of vaulting , and acquired in it a proficiency unrivalled in his generation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_stock_brick', 'summary': 'London stock brick is the type of handmade brick which was used for the majority of building work in London and South East England until the growth in the use of Flettons and other machine-made bricks in the early 20th century . Its distinctive yellow colour and soft appearance come from the yellow local clay from which the bricks were made . London Stocks are still made in comparatively small quantities in traditional brickworks , mainly in Kent and Sussex , for heritage work , and machine-made versions are available for use where a cheaper approximation to the traditional product is acceptable . Red stock bricks are also fairly common , but only the yellow or brown coloured bricks are usually known as London stocks .'}]}, {'value': 'Earlswood Baptist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earlswood 51°13′48″N 0°10′00″W / 51.2301°N 0.1667°W / 51.2301 ; -0.1667 ( Earlswood Baptist Church , Earlswood )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earlswood', 'summary': 'Earlswood is a suburb of Redhill in Surrey , England . Earlswood lies on the A23 between Redhill ( in the direction of London ) and Horley ( next to Gatwick Airport ) , from which the neighbouring community , Whitebushes is separated by a wide rural buffer zone . The two main southern communities of Redhill are in local administration grouped together to form a ward , Earlswood and Whitebushes . Earlswood Common is a Local Nature Reserve that separates the suburb from the southern suburbs of Reigate , and has two lakes known as Earlswood Lakes and picnic areas . Earlswood is contiguous with Whitebushes but is also to the west . East of its station and the Brighton Main Line are three unconnected estates : east Earlswood ; Royal Earlswood Park and East Surrey Hospital with Whitebushes . Redhill Football Club Redhill F.C . has its ground , Kiln Brow , on a site in Earlswood on the East side of the A23 immediately north of East Surrey Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Baptist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptists', 'summary': "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Redhill Baptist Church founded a Baptist mission in the suburb of Earlswood in 1909 . The original tin tabernacle was replaced by the present larger building in 1978 ; this was registered for marriages in December of that year . Improvements were made in 1997 ( when the church hall was built ) and 2008 , and since 1987 the church has been independent of the Redhill cause', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tin_tabernacle', 'summary': 'A tin tabernacle is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron . They were developed in the mid-19th century initially in the United Kingdom . Corrugated iron was first used for roofing in London in 1829 by civil engineer Henry Robinson Palmer , and the patent was later sold to Richard Walker who advertised portable buildings for export in 1832 . The technology for producing the corrugated sheets improved , and to prevent corrosion , the sheets were galvanised with a coating of zinc , a process developed by Stanislas Sorel in Paris in the 1830s . After 1850 , many types of prefabricated buildings were produced , including churches , chapels and mission halls .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamia Masjid Al Mustafa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earlswood 51°13′41″N 0°10′20″W / 51.2281°N 0.1722°W / 51.2281 ; -0.1722 ( Jamia Masjid Al Mustafa , Earlswood )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earlswood', 'summary': 'Earlswood is a suburb of Redhill in Surrey , England . Earlswood lies on the A23 between Redhill ( in the direction of London ) and Horley ( next to Gatwick Airport ) , from which the neighbouring community , Whitebushes is separated by a wide rural buffer zone . The two main southern communities of Redhill are in local administration grouped together to form a ward , Earlswood and Whitebushes . Earlswood Common is a Local Nature Reserve that separates the suburb from the southern suburbs of Reigate , and has two lakes known as Earlswood Lakes and picnic areas . Earlswood is contiguous with Whitebushes but is also to the west . East of its station and the Brighton Main Line are three unconnected estates : east Earlswood ; Royal Earlswood Park and East Surrey Hospital with Whitebushes . Redhill Football Club Redhill F.C . has its ground , Kiln Brow , on a site in Earlswood on the East side of the A23 immediately north of East Surrey Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Muslim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islam', 'summary': "Islam ( /ˈɪslɑːm/ ; [ note 1 ] Arabic : اَلْإِسْلَامُ , romanized : al-Islām [ alʔɪsˈlaːm ] ( listen ) ) is an Abrahamic , monotheistic religion whose adherents believe that Muhammad is a messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the world 's population , commonly known as Muslims . Muslims make up a majority of the population in 49 countries . Islam teaches that God is merciful , all-powerful , and unique , and has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , believed to be the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative examples ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( c. 570 - 8 June 632 CE ) . Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses and Jesus . Muslims consider the Quran in its Arabic to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded in paradise and unrighteous punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law ( sharia ) , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam . Aside from the theological narrative , Islam is historically believed to have originated in the early 7th century CE in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Umayyad Caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century , during the Abbasid Caliphate , when much of the historically Muslim world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The building was registered as a Wesleyan Methodist church between December 1900 and May 1937 . In 1978 , a Muslim society which had formed that year in Redhill bought it and converted it into a 500-capacity mosque . It is linked to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam . Under its present identity it was registered for marriages in August 2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesleyanism', 'summary': "Wesleyan theology , otherwise known as Wesleyan-Arminian theology , or Methodist theology , is a theological tradition in Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the methods of the eighteenth-century evangelical reformers John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley . More broadly , it refers to the theological system inferred from the various sermons , theological treatises , letters , journals , diaries , hymns , and other spiritual writings of the Wesleys and their contemporary coadjutors such as John William Fletcher . Wesleyan-Arminian theology , manifest today in Methodism ( inclusive of the Holiness movement ) , is named for its founders , the Wesleys , as well as for Jacob Arminius , since it is a subset of Arminian theology . In 1736 , these two brothers traveled to the Georgia colony in America as missionaries for the Church of England ; they left rather disheartened at what they saw . Both of them subsequently had religious experiences , especially John in 1738 , being greatly influenced by the Moravian Christians . They began to organize a renewal movement within the Church of England to focus on personal faith and holiness . John Wesley took Protestant churches to task over the nature of sanctification , the process by which a believer is conformed to the image of Christ , emphasizing New Testament teachings regarding the work of God and the believer in sanctification . The movement did well within the Church of England in Britain , but when the movement crossed the ocean into America , it took on a form of its own , finally being established as the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1784 . The Methodist churches are similar to Anglicanism ( in Church government and liturgical practices ) , yet have added a strong emphasis on personal faith and personal experience , especially on the new birth and entire sanctification . At its heart , the theology of John Wesley stressed the life of Christian holiness : to love God with all ones heart , mind , soul and strength , and to love one 's neighbour as oneself . Wesleys teaching also stressed experiential religion and moral responsibility ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barelvi', 'summary': "Barelvi ( Urdu : بَریلوِی , Barēlwī , Urdu pronunciation : [ bəreːlʋi ] ) is a movement following the Sunni Hanafi school of jurisprudence , with over 200 million followers in South Asia . The name derives from the north Indian town of Bareilly , the hometown of its founder and main leader Ahmed Raza Khan ( 1856-1921 ) . Although Barelvi is the commonly used term , the followers of the movement often prefer to be known by the title of Ahle Sunnat wa Jama'at , ( Urdu : اہل سنت وجماعت ) or as Sunnis , a reference to their perception as forming an international majority movement . The movement emphasizes personal devotion to Allah and the Muslim prophet Muhammad and a synthesis of Sharia with Sufi practices such as veneration of saints . Because of this , they are often called Sufi . Ahmad Raza Khan and his supporters never used the term 'Barelvi ' to identify themselves or their movement , as they saw themselves as Sunni Muslims defending traditional Sunni beliefs from deviations . Only later was the term 'Barelvi ' used ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sunni_Islam', 'summary': "Sunni Islam ( /ˈsuːni , ˈsʊni/ ) is the largest denomination of Islam , followed by 87-90% of the world 's Muslims . Its name comes from the word sunnah , referring to the behaviour of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance , as well as theological and juridical dimensions . According to Sunni traditions , Muhammad did not clearly designate a successor and the Muslim community acted according to his sunnah in electing his father-in-law Abu Bakr as the first caliph . This contrasts with the Shia view , which holds that Muhammad announced his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor , most notably at Ghadir Khumm . Political tensions between Sunnis and Shias continued with varying intensity throughout Islamic history and have been exacerbated in recent times by ethnic conflicts and the rise of Wahhabism . The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ahl as-sunnah wa l-jamāʻah ( the people of the sunnah and the community ) or ahl as-sunnah for short . In English , its doctrines and practices are sometimes called Sunnism , while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims , Sunnis , Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah . Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as orthodox Islam , though some scholars view this translation as inappropriate . The Quran , together with hadith ( especially those collected in Kutub al-Sittah ) and binding juristic consensus , form the basis of all traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam . Sharia rulings are derived from these basic sources , in conjunction with analogical reasoning , consideration of public welfare and juristic discretion , using the principles of jurisprudence developed by the traditional legal schools . In matters of creed , the Sunni tradition upholds the six pillars of iman ( faith ) and comprises the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of rationalistic theology as well as the textualist school known as traditionalist theology ."}]}, {'value': 'Meeting Room', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earlswood 51°13′56″N 0°10′01″W / 51.2321°N 0.1669°W / 51.2321 ; -0.1669 ( Meeting Room , Hooley Lane , Earlswood )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earlswood', 'summary': 'Earlswood is a suburb of Redhill in Surrey , England . Earlswood lies on the A23 between Redhill ( in the direction of London ) and Horley ( next to Gatwick Airport ) , from which the neighbouring community , Whitebushes is separated by a wide rural buffer zone . The two main southern communities of Redhill are in local administration grouped together to form a ward , Earlswood and Whitebushes . Earlswood Common is a Local Nature Reserve that separates the suburb from the southern suburbs of Reigate , and has two lakes known as Earlswood Lakes and picnic areas . Earlswood is contiguous with Whitebushes but is also to the west . East of its station and the Brighton Main Line are three unconnected estates : east Earlswood ; Royal Earlswood Park and East Surrey Hospital with Whitebushes . Redhill Football Club Redhill F.C . has its ground , Kiln Brow , on a site in Earlswood on the East side of the A23 immediately north of East Surrey Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Plymouth Brethren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren', 'summary': 'The Plymouth Brethren or Assemblies of brethren are a conservative , low church , non-conformist , evangelical Christian movement whose history can be traced to Dublin , Ireland , in the late 1820s , originating from Anglicanism . The group emphasizes sola scriptura , the belief that the Bible is the supreme authority for church doctrine and practice , over and above any other source of authority . Plymouth Brethren generally see themselves as a network of like-minded free churches , not as a Christian denomination . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'This Brethren meeting room at the junction of Redstone Road and Hooley Lane has been registered for marriages since April 1971 . It is under the trusteeship of the main meeting hall for this area , at Whitmore Way in Horley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meeting Room', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earlswood 51°13′41″N 0°10′24″W / 51.2280°N 0.1732°W / 51.2280 ; -0.1732 ( Meeting Room , Woodlands Road , Earlswood )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earlswood', 'summary': 'Earlswood is a suburb of Redhill in Surrey , England . Earlswood lies on the A23 between Redhill ( in the direction of London ) and Horley ( next to Gatwick Airport ) , from which the neighbouring community , Whitebushes is separated by a wide rural buffer zone . The two main southern communities of Redhill are in local administration grouped together to form a ward , Earlswood and Whitebushes . Earlswood Common is a Local Nature Reserve that separates the suburb from the southern suburbs of Reigate , and has two lakes known as Earlswood Lakes and picnic areas . Earlswood is contiguous with Whitebushes but is also to the west . East of its station and the Brighton Main Line are three unconnected estates : east Earlswood ; Royal Earlswood Park and East Surrey Hospital with Whitebushes . Redhill Football Club Redhill F.C . has its ground , Kiln Brow , on a site in Earlswood on the East side of the A23 immediately north of East Surrey Hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Plymouth Brethren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren', 'summary': 'The Plymouth Brethren or Assemblies of brethren are a conservative , low church , non-conformist , evangelical Christian movement whose history can be traced to Dublin , Ireland , in the late 1820s , originating from Anglicanism . The group emphasizes sola scriptura , the belief that the Bible is the supreme authority for church doctrine and practice , over and above any other source of authority . Plymouth Brethren generally see themselves as a network of like-minded free churches , not as a Christian denomination . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'This meeting room on Woodlands Road is also linked to the main meeting hall at Whitmore Way in Horley', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St Andrew 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gatton 51°15′39″N 0°10′25″W / 51.2608°N 0.1736°W / 51.2608 ; -0.1736 ( St Andrew 's Church , Gatton )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gatton,_Surrey', 'summary': 'Gatton is a former village and borough in Surrey , England , and an ancient parish . It survives as a sparsely populated , predominantly rural locality , which includes Gatton Park , no more than 12 houses , and two farms on the slopes of the North Downs near Reigate . The parish lay within Reigate hundred .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'I', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The 13th-century church of the Gatton Park estate was rebuilt from its Perpendicular Gothic origins in the 18th century and again in 1834 , when Lord Monson commissioned E. Webb to redesign it as a picturesque Gothick composition . A covered path once ran from the north transept to the house . The tower rises in three stages and is very slim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gatton_Park', 'summary': 'Gatton Park is a country estate set in parkland landscaped by Capability Brown near Gatton in Surrey , England . Now owned by The Royal Alexandra and Albert School , Gatton Park comprises 250 acres ( 1.0 km2 ) of manor and parkland . The property is Grade II listed and is in part administered by the National Trust . The park is Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens .'}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture', 'summary': 'English Gothic is an architectural style , which originated in France and flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 . As with the Gothic architecture of other parts of Europe , English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches , vaulted roofs , buttresses , large windows , and spires . The Gothic style was introduced from France , where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Basilique Saint-Denis north of Paris , built by the Abbot Suger and dedicated on 11 June 1144 . The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England are at Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture ( often known in England as Norman architecture ) . This evolution can be seen most particularly at the Norman Durham Cathedral , which has the earliest pointed ribbed high vault known . English Gothic was to develop along lines that sometimes paralleled and sometimes diverged from those of continental Europe . Historians traditionally divide English Gothic into a number of different periods , which may be further subdivided to accurately define different styles . Gothic architecture continued to flourish in England for a hundred years after the precepts of Renaissance architecture were formalised in Florence in the early 15th century . The Gothic style gave way to the Renaissance in the later 16th and 17th centuries , but was revived in the late 18th century as an academic style and had great popularity as Gothic Revival architecture throughout the 19th century . Many of the largest and finest works of English architecture , notably the medieval cathedrals of England , are largely built in the Gothic style . So are numerous castles , palaces , great houses , universities , and many smaller unpretentious secular buildings , including almshouses and trade halls .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'Gothic Revival ( also referred to as Victorian Gothic , neo-Gothic , or Gothick ) is an architectural movement popular in the Western world that began in the late 1740s in England . Its momentum grew in the early 19th century , when increasingly serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture , in contrast to the neoclassical styles prevalent at the time . Gothic Revival draws features from the original Gothic style , including decorative patterns , finials , lancet windows , hood moulds and label stops . The Gothic Revival movement emerged in 18th-century England , gaining ground in the 19th . Its roots were intertwined with deeply philosophical movements associated with Catholicism and a re-awakening of high church or Anglo-Catholic belief concerned by the growth of religious nonconformism . Ultimately , the Anglo-Catholicism tradition of religious belief and style became known for its intrinsic appeal in the third quarter of the 19th century . Gothic Revival architecture varied considerably in its faithfulness to both the ornamental style and principles of construction of its medieval original , sometimes amounting to little more than pointed window frames and a few touches of Gothic decoration on a building otherwise on a wholly 19th-century plan and using contemporary materials and construction methods . In parallel to the ascendancy of neo-Gothic styles in 19th-century England , interest spread to the rest of Europe , Australia , Sierra Leone , South Africa and to the Americas ; the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the construction of very large numbers of Gothic Revival and Carpenter Gothic structures worldwide . The influence of Revivalism had nevertheless peaked by the 1870s . New architectural movements , sometimes related as in the Arts and Crafts movement , and sometimes in outright opposition , such as Modernism , gained ground , and by the 1930s the architecture of the Victorian era was generally condemned or ignored . The later 20th century saw a revival of interest , manifested in the United Kingdom by the establishment of the Victorian Society in 1958 .'}]}, {'value': "St Margaret 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Hooley 51°17′32″N 0°09′39″W / 51.2923°N 0.1608°W / 51.2923 ; -0.1608 ( St Margaret 's Church , Hooley )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hooley', 'summary': 'Hooley is a small village in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . Within its small grid of streets is the 13th-century church of Chipstead which has been , since time immemorial , its ecclesiastical parish . Hooley is connected via paths and the A23 road to the larger community of Coulsdon , to the north , in the London Borough of Croydon .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'I', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Most parts of this large village church are 13th-century , and a blocked 12th-century window survives . The tower of 1631 straddles the crossing of the cruciform building , whose walls are of flint and stone . There is also some brickwork to the tower . Norman Shaw added the north aisle and some other parts in 1883 . Sir Edward Banks is commemorated by a monument inside', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)', 'summary': "A crossing , in ecclesiastical architecture , is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform ( cross-shaped ) church . In a typically oriented church ( especially of Romanesque and Gothic styles ) , the crossing gives access to the nave on the west , the transept arms on the north and south , and the choir , as the first part of the chancel , on the east . The crossing is sometimes surmounted by a tower or dome . A large crossing tower is particularly common on English Gothic cathedrals . With the Renaissance , building a dome above the crossing became popular . Because the crossing is open on four sides , the weight of the tower or dome rests heavily on the corners ; a stable construction thus required great skill on the part of the builders . In centuries past , it was not uncommon for overambitious crossing towers to collapse . Sacrist Alan of Walsingham 's octagon , built between 1322 and 1328 after the collapse of Ely 's nave crossing on 22 February 1322 , is the . greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral according to architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner . A tower over the crossing may be called a lantern tower if it has openings through which light from outside can shine down to the crossing . In Early Medieval churches , the crossing square was often used as a module , or a unit of measurement . The nave and transept would have lengths that were a certain multiple of the length of the crossing square ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cruciform', 'summary': 'Cruciform means having the shape of a cross or Christian cross .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Richard_Norman_Shaw', 'summary': 'Richard Norman Shaw RA ( 7 May 1831 - 17 November 1912 ) , sometimes known as Norman Shaw , was a British architect who worked from the 1870s to the 1900s , known for his country houses and for commercial buildings . He is considered to be among the greatest of British architects ; his influence on architectural style was strongest in the 1880s and 1890s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edward_Banks_(builder)', 'summary': "Sir Edward Banks ( 4 January 1770 - 5 July 1835 ) was an English civil engineer and pioneer of steam ships . Born at Hutton Hang near Richmond , North Yorkshire . After spending two years at sea , Banks began as a day labourer in 1789 . He worked under the engineer John Rennie the Elder on the Lancaster Canal and Ulverston Canal and rose to the chief control in his partnership Jolliffe & Banks , contractors for public works . Banks and Jolliffe were responsible for building bridges , dockyards , lighthouses and prisons . Among his undertakings were Staines bridge , the naval works at Sheerness dockyard , and the new channels for the rivers Ouse , Nene , and Witham in Norfolk and Lincolnshire . They were the builders of the Waterloo , Southwark , and London bridges . He owed his fortune principally to these contracts , which he took under the nominal superintendence of the Rennies . Edward Banks first married in 1793 to Nancy Franklin with whom he had five sons and three daughters . She died in 1815 and Banks married again in 1821 to Amalia Pytches , William John Joliffe 's sister in law . Banks lived in Adelphi Terrace , Westminster . He also owned rural estates centred on Oxney Court , Dover and Sheppey Court , Kent ."}]}, {'value': "St Bartholomew 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Horley 51°10′11″N 0°10′33″W / 51.1698°N 0.1758°W / 51.1698 ; -0.1758 ( St Bartholomew 's Church , Horley )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': 'I', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The church stands between the A23 Brighton Road and the River Mole and has 14th-century origins . Before the Reformation it was dedicated to St Mary the Virgin . The present appearance is attributable to Arthur Blomfield 's restoration ( called an obliteration by Ian Nairn ) in 1881 . The north doorway and north arcade retain their 14th-century appearances , though", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A23_road', 'summary': 'The A23 road is a major road in the United Kingdom between London and Brighton , East Sussex , England . It is managed by Transport for London for the section inside the Greater London boundary , Surrey County Council and West Sussex County Council for the section shadowed by the M23 motorway , the Highways Agency ( as a trunk road ) between the M23 and Patcham , and by Brighton and Hove Council from the A27 to the centre of Brighton . The road has been a major route for centuries , and seen numerous upgrades , bypasses and diversions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/River_Mole', 'summary': "The River Mole is a tributary of the River Thames in southern England . It rises in West Sussex near Horsham and flows northwest through Surrey for 80 km ( 50 miles ) to the Thames at East Molesey , opposite Hampton Court Palace . The river gives its name to the Surrey district of Mole Valley . The Mole crosses the North Downs between Dorking and Leatherhead , where it cuts a steep-sided valley , known as the Mole Gap , through the chalk . Much of the catchment area lies on impermeable rock ( including Wealden Clay and London Clay ) , meaning that the river level responds rapidly to heavy rainfall . During the second half of the 20th century pollution levels in the river were high ; however , since 1995 the water quality has improved dramatically and the Mole now boasts the greatest diversity of fish species of any river in England . Twelve Sites of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSIs ) that include wetland habitats are located within the Mole catchment area , and the stretch of river through Leatherhead has been designated a Local Nature Reserve . The Mole Gap forms part of a Special Area of Conservation and is an SSSI of European importance . The river has captured the imagination of several authors and poets , particularly since in very hot summers the river channel can become dry between Dorking and Leatherhead ( most recently during the 1976 drought ) . In John Speed 's 1611 map of Surrey this stretch of the river is denoted by a series of hills accompanied by the legend The river runneth under . However the river 's name is unlikely to have derived from this behaviour : The Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names suggests that Mole either comes from the Latin mola ( a mill ) or is a back-formation from Molesey ( Mul 's island ) . Domesday Book lists twenty mills on the river in 1086 , of which Sidlow Mill was the oldest , dating from Saxon times ."}, {'url': '/wiki/English_Reformation', 'summary': "The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church . These events were , in part , associated with the wider European Protestant Reformation , a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity across western and central Europe . Causes included the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible , and the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars , the upper and middle classes and readers in general . However , the various phases of the English Reformation , which also covered Wales and Ireland , were largely driven by changes in government policy , to which public opinion gradually accommodated itself . Based on Henry VIII 's desire for an annulment of his marriage ( first requested of Pope Clement VII in 1527 ) , the English Reformation was at the outset more of a political affair than a theological dispute . The reality of political differences between Rome and England allowed growing theological disputes to come to the fore . Until the break with Rome , it was the Pope and general councils of the church that decided doctrine . Church law was governed by canon law with final jurisdiction in Rome . Church taxes were paid straight to Rome , and the Pope had the final word in the appointment of bishops . The break with Rome was effected by a series of acts of Parliament passed between 1532 and 1534 , among them the 1534 Act of Supremacy , which declared that Henry was the Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England . ( This title was renounced by Mary I in 1553 in the process of restoring papal jurisdiction ; when Elizabeth I reasserted the royal supremacy in 1559 , her title was Supreme Governor . ) Final authority in doctrinal and legal disputes now rested with the monarch , and the papacy was deprived of revenue and the final say on the appointment of bishops ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Blomfield', 'summary': 'Sir Arthur William Blomfield ARA FRIBA ( 6 March 1829 - 30 October 1899 ) was an English architect . He became president of the Architectural Association in 1861 ; a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1867 and vice-president of the RIBA in 1886 . He was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , where he read Architecture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Victorian_restoration', 'summary': 'The Victorian restoration was the widespread and extensive refurbishment and rebuilding of Church of England churches and cathedrals that took place in England and Wales during the 19th-century reign of Queen Victoria . It was not the same process as is understood today by the term building restoration . Against a background of poorly maintained church buildings ; a reaction against the Puritan ethic manifested in the Gothic Revival ; and a shortage of churches where they were needed in cities , the Cambridge Camden Society and the Oxford Movement advocated a return to a more medieval attitude to churchgoing . The change was embraced by the Church of England which saw it as a means of reversing the decline in church attendance . The principle was to restore a church to how it might have looked during the Decorated style of architecture which existed between 1260 and 1360 , and many famous architects such as George Gilbert Scott and Ewan Christian enthusiastically accepted commissions for restorations . It is estimated that around 80% of all Church of England churches were affected in some way by the movement , varying from minor changes to complete demolition and rebuilding . Influential people like John Ruskin and William Morris were opposed to such large-scale restoration , and their activities eventually led to the formation of societies dedicated to building preservation , such as the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings . In retrospect , the period of Victorian restoration has been viewed in a generally unfavourable light .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ian_Nairn', 'summary': 'Ian Douglas Nairn ( 24 August 1930 - 14 August 1983 ) was a British architectural critic who coined the word Subtopia to indicate drab suburbs that look identical through unimaginative town-planning . He published two strongly personalised critiques of London and Paris , and collaborated with Sir Nikolaus Pevsner , who considered his reports to be too subjective , but acknowledged him as the better writer .'}]}, {'value': "St Francis ' Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Horley 51°10′15″N 0°09′27″W / 51.1708°N 0.1576°W / 51.1708 ; -0.1576 ( St Francis ' Church , Horley )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The church was built on the Balcombe Road in 1958 as a combined worship centre and hall . The church section of the simple .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps { font-variant : small-caps } .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller { font-size:85% } l -shaped building also has vestries to one side', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vestry', 'summary': 'A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish in England and Wales , which originally met in the vestry or sacristy of the parish church , and consequently became known colloquially as the vestry . For many centuries the vestries were the sole de facto local government and presided over local , communal fundraising and expenditure until the mid or late 19th century with local Established Church chairmanship . More punitive matters tended to be dealt with by the manorial court and hundred court during the epoch of the vestries . Their initial power derived from custom and was very occasionally ratified by the common law or asserted in statute such as the Elizabethan Poor Law . At the high point of their powers before removal of Poor Law responsibilities in 1834 , the vestries spent not far short of one-fifth of the budget of the British government which derived much of its income from global trade and imperialism . Secular and ecclesiastical aspects of the vestries were separated , for all areas where they had not earlier been , under a reforming statute of 1894 . Their secular duties have been performed in England since then by parish councils or more superior councils , leaving their ecclesiastical duties to the Church of England where they have been performed by parochial church councils ( PCCs ) since 1921 . Realised secularisation of local government was opposed by administrations of the Tory Party preceding the Third Salisbury ministry , the British government led by Lord Salisbury from 1895 to 1900 and several earlier influential High Whigs . A public right in the PCC ( church ) meeting remains in that all Members of an overlapping civil parish can speak at their annual meetings ( which may appoint churchwardens for instance ) . A right to tax by a PCC for church chancel repairs remains as to liable ( apportioned ) local residents and businesses across an apportioned area of many church parishes , in the form of chancel repair liability however in some tithes were replaced by no further such taxation .'}]}, {'value': "St Wilfrid 's Church", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Horley 51°10′49″N 0°10′15″W / 51.1804°N 0.1707°W / 51.1804 ; -0.1707 ( St Wilfrid 's Church , Horley )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Anglican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_England', 'summary': "The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :"}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Constructed of concrete in 1970 using the portal framing technique , the l -shaped building has a church section and a hall section which link together . There is an entrance on the south side and vestries to the west', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portal_frame', 'summary': 'Portal frame structures are designed to span between supports and rely on fixed joints with moment resisting capacity where vertical supports connect to horizontal beams or trusses . Portal frame structures can be constructed using a variety of materials and methods . These include steel , reinforced concrete and laminated timber such as glulam . The connections between the columns and the rafters are designed to be moment-resistant , i.e . they can carry bending forces . They were first developed in the 1960s , and have now become the most common form of enclosure for spans of 20 to 60 m Because of these very strong and rigid joints , some of the bending moment in the rafters is transferred to the columns . This means that the size of the rafters can be reduced or the span can be increased for the same size rafters . This makes portal frames a very efficient construction technique to use for wide span buildings . Portal frame construction is therefore typically seen in warehouses , barns and other places where large , open spaces are required at low cost and a pitched roof is acceptable . Generally portal frames are used for single-story buildings but they can be used for low-rise buildings with several floors where they can be economic if the floors do not span right across the building ( in these circumstances a skeleton frame , with internal columns , would be a more economic choice ) . A typical configuration might be where there is office space built against one wall of a warehouse . Portal frames can be clad with all sorts of material but the most popular solution , for reasons of economy and speed , is some form of lightweight insulated metal cladding with cavity masonry work to the bottom 2m of the wall to provide security and impact resistance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vestry', 'summary': 'A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish in England and Wales , which originally met in the vestry or sacristy of the parish church , and consequently became known colloquially as the vestry . For many centuries the vestries were the sole de facto local government and presided over local , communal fundraising and expenditure until the mid or late 19th century with local Established Church chairmanship . More punitive matters tended to be dealt with by the manorial court and hundred court during the epoch of the vestries . Their initial power derived from custom and was very occasionally ratified by the common law or asserted in statute such as the Elizabethan Poor Law . At the high point of their powers before removal of Poor Law responsibilities in 1834 , the vestries spent not far short of one-fifth of the budget of the British government which derived much of its income from global trade and imperialism . Secular and ecclesiastical aspects of the vestries were separated , for all areas where they had not earlier been , under a reforming statute of 1894 . Their secular duties have been performed in England since then by parish councils or more superior councils , leaving their ecclesiastical duties to the Church of England where they have been performed by parochial church councils ( PCCs ) since 1921 . Realised secularisation of local government was opposed by administrations of the Tory Party preceding the Third Salisbury ministry , the British government led by Lord Salisbury from 1895 to 1900 and several earlier influential High Whigs . A public right in the PCC ( church ) meeting remains in that all Members of an overlapping civil parish can speak at their annual meetings ( which may appoint churchwardens for instance ) . A right to tax by a PCC for church chancel repairs remains as to liable ( apportioned ) local residents and businesses across an apportioned area of many church parishes , in the form of chancel repair liability however in some tithes were replaced by no further such taxation .'}]}, {'value': 'Horley Baptist Church ( new building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horley 51°10′31″N 0°10′26″W / 51.1753°N 0.1739°W / 51.1753 ; -0.1739 ( Horley Baptist Church , Horley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Baptist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baptists', 'summary': "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plans for the new church , replacing the smaller 1881 building , were revealed in 2012 . The church bought the former Court Lodge Primary School , demolished it and built a new church and care home in its place . Worship and activities took place in another building on the site and at Oakwood School while this happened in 2014-15 . The new two-storey church was designed by MEB Design Ltd , and building contractors Caldera Construction carried out the £1.75m building project . It was registered for marriages in November 2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oakwood_School,_Horley', 'summary': 'Oakwood School is a community secondary school located in Horley , Surrey , England . It is co-educational and caters for students in the 11-16 age range in that it does not have a sixth form .'}]}, {'value': 'Horley Methodist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horley 51°10′22″N 0°10′03″W / 51.1727°N 0.1675°W / 51.1727 ; -0.1675 ( Horley Methodist Church , Horley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Methodist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Methodism', 'summary': "Methodism is an umbrella term used to describe denominations of Protestant Christianity which follow the line of the Methodist movement . Methodist denominations are historically related and derive their doctrine of practice and belief from the life and teachings of John Wesley . George Whitefield and John 's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement . It originated as a revival movement within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley 's death . The movement spread throughout the British Empire , the United States , and beyond because of vigorous missionary work , today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide . [ nb 1 ] Wesleyan theology , which is upheld by the Methodist Churches , focuses on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian . Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include the new birth , assurance , imparted righteousness , the possibility of entire sanctification , the works of piety , and the primacy of Scripture . Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ , the Son of God , died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all ; in theology , this view is known as Arminianism . [ nb 2 ] This teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people . However , Whitefield and several other early leaders of the movement were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the Calvinist position . In addition to evangelism , Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the works of mercy . These ideals , collectively known as the Social Gospel , are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals , orphanages , soup kitchens , and schools to follow Christ 's command to spread the good news and serve all people ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Horley 's first Methodist church belonged to the Primitive Methodists ; Wesleyans met in a room from 1909 then a hall from 1911 , and the Primitive Methodist congregation joined in the 1930s . Growth in the congregation by the late 1950s necessitated a new building - a cruciform structure which was opened on 11 June 1960", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Primitive_Methodism', 'summary': 'The Primitive Methodist Church is a body of Holiness Christians within the Methodist tradition , which began in England in the early 19th century , with the influence of American evangelist Lorenzo Dow ( 1777-1834 ) . In the United States , the Primitive Methodist Church had eighty-three parishes and 8,487 members in 1996 . In Great Britain and Australia , the Primitive Methodist Church merged with other denominations , to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain in 1932 and the Methodist Church of Australasia in 1901 . The latter subsequently merged into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cruciform', 'summary': 'Cruciform means having the shape of a cross or Christian cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Gatwick Islamic Centre', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horley 51°10′24″N 0°09′41″W / 51.1732°N 0.1613°W / 51.1732 ; -0.1613 ( Gatwick Islamic Centre , Horley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Muslim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muslim', 'summary': 'Muslims or Islamic people are people who follow or practice Islam , a monotheistic Abrahamic religion . Muslims consider the Quran , their holy book , to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad . The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ( sunnah ) as recorded in traditional accounts ( hadith ) . Muslim is an Arabic word meaning submitter ( to God ) . The beliefs of Muslims include : that God ( Arabic : الله Allāh ) is eternal , transcendent and absolutely one ( tawhid ) ; that God is incomparable , self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten ; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including Abraham , Ishmael , Isaac , Moses , and Jesus ; that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time ( tahrif ) and that the Quran is the final unaltered revelation from God ( Final Testament ) . ( Rao Muhammad Yousaf ) As of 2019 , 1.9 billion or about 24.4% of the world population are Muslims . By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim , 91% in the Middle East-North Africa ( MENA ) , 81% in Central Asia , 65% in the Caucasus , 40% in Southeast Asia , 31% in South Asia , 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa , 25% in Asia-Oceania , around 6% in Europe , and 1% in the Americas . Most Muslims are of one of two denominations ; Sunni ( 1.6 billion/75-90% ) and Shia ( 170 million/10-20% ) . About 229 million or 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country ; 380 million or 20% in the Middle East-North Africa region , where it is the dominant religion ; 600 million or 31% of Muslims live in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world ; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa . Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia , the majority in the Caucasus and widespread in Southeast Asia . India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with 200 million Muslims . Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , China , Europe , and Russia .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'This mosque and community centre is operated by the Gatwick Bangladeshi Islamic Community Association . When it opened in September 2011 , it brought to an end a peripatetic 11-year period in which worshippers had used various rented halls and rooms in the town . The congregation is drawn from Horley and several neighbouring towns', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southlands Christian Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horley 51°10′23″N 0°09′42″W / 51.1731°N 0.1616°W / 51.1731 ; -0.1616 ( Southlands Christian Church , Horley )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horley', 'summary': 'Horley is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England south of the towns of Reigate and Redhill . The county border with West Sussex is to the south with Crawley and Gatwick Airport close to the town . With fast links by train round-the-clock to London from Horley railway station , it qualifies as a commuter town and has a significant economy of its own , including business parks and a relatively long high street .'}]}, {'value': 'Non-denominational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity', 'summary': 'Nondenominational Christianity ( or non-denominational Christianity ) consists of churches which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by not formally aligning with a specific Protestant denomination . Often founded by individual pastors , they have little affiliation with historic denominations , but typically adhere to evangelical Protestantism , and are a type of Protestantism .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Covenant Community Church International was founded in 2003 in Horley and took its present name the next year . The church occupied a building in nearby Salfords between 2007 and 2011 , but this was destroyed by fire and another former office building - this time on Horley High Street - is now used', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salfords', 'summary': 'Salfords /ˈsælfʊdz/ SAL-fudz ) is a village in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey , England . It lies approximately 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south of Redhill on the A23 London to Brighton road . The village is within the civil parish of Salfords and Sidlow which covers a population of 3,069 , and has a parish council .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current places of worship', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_places_of_worship_in_Reigate_and_Banstead_0', 'intro': "The borough of Reigate and Banstead, one of 11 local government districts in the English county of Surrey, has more than 80 current and former places of worship. As of 2020, there are 71 places of worship in active use and a further 10 at which religious services are no longer held but which survive in alternative uses. The majority of residents are Christian, according to the results of the United Kingdom's most recent census, and most places of worship in the borough serve Christian denominations - although three mosques have opened since 1978 and the Subud and Kosmon movements have also established worship centres. The Church of England, the country's Established Church, has nearly 30 congregations; there are six Roman Catholic churches; and several congregations of Methodists, Baptists, Evangelicals, Open Brethren and the United Reformed Church each have their own church or chapel. The Plymouth Brethren group have a major regional meeting hall at Horley and several smaller meeting rooms in the surrounding area. English Heritage has awarded listed status to 11 places of worship in the borough of Reigate and Banstead. A building is defined as listed when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of special architectural or historic interest in accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The Department for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, is responsible for this; English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of the department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues. There are three grades of listing status. Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of exceptional interest; Grade II* is used for particularly important buildings of more than special interest; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of special interest. As of February 2001, there were 5 Grade I-listed buildings, 18 with Grade II* status and 388 Grade II-listed buildings in the district. The borough council also maintains a list of locally listed buildings, of which there are 526 as of 2020 (including 12 places of worship)."}
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How many houses are in the community where St Andrew 's Church is located ?
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12
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032942fae149b635
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presbyterian_churches_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of Presbyterian churches in the United States', 'header': ['Church', 'Dates', 'Location', 'City , State', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Emmett Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmett_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': "The Emmett Presbyterian Church , also known as Emmett First Southern Baptist Church , is a historic formerly Presbyterian church building at 2nd Street in Emmett , Idaho . It was started in 1909 in a late-Gothic Revival style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It was the first church building of the Emmett Presbyterian Church , which was founded in 1906 . It is a red brick building on a concrete foundation . Its roof is hipped at the rear and is jerkin-headed over a clapboard gable on the front . It has an entry tower with a steep pyramidal cap at the left front . In 1979 it was owned by the Southern Baptist congregation . It is one of six churches within a two block area of Emmett , established there from 1906 to 1934 , which were together studied proposed for listing on the National Register . The six are : Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart ( Emmett , Idaho ) , Emmett Presbyterian Church , First Baptist Church of Emmett , Methodist Episcopal Church ( Emmett , Idaho ) , and St. Mary 's Episcopal Church ( Emmett , Idaho ) , which were all listed in 1980 , and the First Full Gospel/United Pentecostal Church , which was not listed ."}]}, {'value': '1909 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd St. 43°52′23″N 116°29′49″W / 43.87306°N 116.49694°W / 43.87306 ; -116.49694 ( Emmett Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmett , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmett,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Emmett is a city in Gem County , Idaho , United States . The population was 6,557 at the 2010 census , up from 5,490 in 2000 . It is the county seat and the only city in the county . Emmett is part of the Boise−Nampa , Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Late Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hazelton Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hazelton_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': 'Hazelton Presbyterian Church ( also known as Valley Presbyterian Church ) is a historic Presbyterian church at 310 Park Avenue in Hazelton , Idaho . The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 . It is a one-story Gothic-style church built in 1916 , with compatible additions built in 1940 and 1989 . Its NRHP nomination states :'}]}, {'value': '1916 built 1991 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '310 Park Ave. 42°35′42″N 114°8′5″W / 42.59500°N 114.13472°W / 42.59500 ; -114.13472 ( Hazelton Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hazelton , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hazelton,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Hazelton is a city in Jerome County , Idaho , United States . The population was 753 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Twin Falls , Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Gothic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church ( Idaho Falls , Idaho )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Idaho_Falls,_Idaho)', 'summary': "First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church at 325 Elm Street in Idaho Falls , Idaho . It was built during 1918 to 1920 and was added to the National Register in 1978 . It was deemed architecturally significant as a good example of the Neo-classical revival style ; its dome and Ionic portico are impressive by Idaho 's standards . It is the only building in Idaho designed by Uniontown , Pennsylvania ecclesiastic architect J. C. Fulton ."}]}, {'value': '1918 built 1978 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '325 Elm St. 43°29′22″N 112°2′6″W / 43.48944°N 112.03500°W / 43.48944 ; -112.03500 ( First Presbyterian Church ( Idaho Falls , Idaho ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Idaho Falls , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho', 'summary': "Idaho Falls is a city in and the county seat of Bonneville County , Idaho , United States , and the state 's largest city outside the Boise metropolitan area . As of the 2010 census , the population of Idaho Falls was 56,813 ( 2018 estimate : 61,535 ) , with a metro population of 133,265 . Idaho Falls serves as the commercial , cultural , and healthcare hub for eastern Idaho , as well as parts of western Wyoming and southern Montana . It is served by the Idaho Falls Regional Airport and is home to the College of Eastern Idaho , Museum of Idaho , and the Idaho Falls Chukars minor league baseball team . It is the principal city of the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Idaho Falls-Blackfoot , Idaho Combined Statistical Area ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church ( Kamiah , Idaho )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Kamiah,_Idaho)', 'summary': 'First Indian Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Kamiah , Idaho . The church was constructed in 1871 on land belonging to Chief Lawyer , a member of the Nez Perce tribe . While the church was originally designed in the Greek Revival style , an 1890 renovation gave it a Gothic Revival design . Missionary Henry Spalding briefly lived in Kamiah in 1873 and worked with the members of the church during his time there . The church continues to worship weekly and uses the Nez Perce language in its hymns . The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 .'}]}, {'value': '1874 built 1976 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '46°12′16″N 116°0′20″W / 46.20444°N 116.00556°W / 46.20444 ; -116.00556 ( First Presbyterian Church ( Kamiah , Idaho ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kamiah , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamiah,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Kamiah ( /ˈkæmi.aɪ/ ( listen ) KAM-ee-eye ) is a city in Idaho and Lewis counties in the U.S. state of Idaho . The largest city in Lewis County , it extends only a small distance into Idaho County , south of Lawyer Creek . The population was 1,295 at the 2010 census , up from 1,160 in 2000 . The city lies in the narrow valley of the Clearwater River ; downstream are Orofino and Lewiston , at the confluence with the Snake River .'}]}, {'value': 'Greek Revival , Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church ( Lapwai , Idaho )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Lapwai,_Idaho)', 'summary': 'The First Presbyterian Church at Locust and 1st Street , East in Lapwai , Idaho is a historic Presbyterian church built in 1909 . It was added to the National Register in 1980 . Its importance was described in its NRHP nomination :'}]}, {'value': '1909 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Locust and 1st St. , E. 46°24′13″N 116°48′9″W / 46.40361°N 116.80250°W / 46.40361 ; -116.80250 ( First Presbyterian Church ( Lapwai , Idaho ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lapwai , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lapwai,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Lapwai is a city in the northwest United States , in Nez Perce County , Idaho . Its population was 1,137 at the 2010 census , and it is the seat of government of the Nez Perce Indian Reservation .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Presbyterian Church ( Malad City , Idaho )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_(Malad_City,_Idaho)', 'summary': 'The United Presbyterian Church in Malad City , Idaho was built in 1882 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Its NRHP nomination describes it as a small and unpretentious brick chapel .'}]}, {'value': '1882 built 1979 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S. Main St. 42°11′10.0″N 112°14′36.5″W / 42.186111°N 112.243472°W / 42.186111 ; -112.243472 ( United Presbyterian Church ( Malad City , Idaho ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malad City , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malad_City,_Idaho', 'summary': 'Malad City ( also commonly known as Malad ) is the only city in Oneida County , Idaho , United States . Its population was 2,095 at the 2010 census , down from 2,158 in 2000 . The city is named after the nearby Malad River , the name being French for sickly . Malad City is located along Interstate 15 on the east side of the Malad Valley 13 miles ( 21 km ) from the Utah/Idaho border .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nampa Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nampa_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': 'Nampa Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 2nd Street and 15th Avenue , South in Nampa , Idaho . It was built in 1918 and was added to the National Register in 1982 . It was designed by architects Tourtellotte & Hummel . Its NRHP nomination states :'}]}, {'value': '1918 built 1982 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd St. and 15th Ave. , S. 43°34′34″N 116°33′25″W / 43.57611°N 116.55694°W / 43.57611 ; -116.55694 ( Nampa Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nampa , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nampa,_Idaho', 'summary': "Nampa ( /ˈnæmpə/ ( listen ) ) is the largest city of Canyon County , Idaho . Its population was 81,557 at the 2010 census and estimated at 96,252 as of 2018 . It is Idaho 's third-most populous city . Nampa is about 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Boise along Interstate 84 , and six miles ( 10 km ) west of Meridian . It is the second principal city of the Boise-Nampa metropolitan area . The name Nampa may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning either moccasin or footprint ."}]}, {'value': 'Late Gothic Revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Post Falls Community United Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Post_Falls_Community_United_Presbyterian_Church', 'summary': 'The Post Falls Community United Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church in Post Falls , Idaho . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . It was assembled in 1921 from the combination of two former churches that would moved to the site from other Post Falls locations . The former Post Falls Methodist Episcopal Church building has served as the sanctuary and the former Post Falls First Presbyterian Church building has served as a Christian education wing .'}]}, {'value': '1890 built 1984 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47°42′41″N 116°56′39″W / 47.71139°N 116.94417°W / 47.71139 ; -116.94417 ( Post Falls Community United Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Post Falls , Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Post_Falls,_Idaho', 'summary': "Post Falls is a city in Kootenai County , Idaho , between Coeur d'Alene and Spokane , Washington . It is a suburb of Coeur d'Alene , to the east , and a bedroom community to Spokane , to the west . The population was 27,574 at the 2010 census , up from 17,247 in 2000 census , making it Idaho 's tenth largest city . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated 2018 population is 34,691 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gothic Revival Vernacular', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Idaho', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Presbyterian_churches_in_the_United_States_11', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable Presbyterian churches in the United States, where a church is notable either as a congregation or as a building. In the United States, numerous churches are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or are noted on state or local historic registers. Also more than 300 Presbyterian historic sites have been listed by the Presbyterian Historical Society onto the American Presbyterian/Reformed Historic Sites Registry (APRHS); those sites which are churches are . in progress . being added here.'}
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What is the description of the church that was on built on belonging to Chief Lawyer , a member of the Nez Perce tribe ?
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Greek Revival , Gothic Revival
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03297b1c7c4b25da
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th_United_States_Congress', 'title': '78th United States Congress', 'header': ['State ( class )', 'Vacator', 'Reason for change', 'Successor', "Date of successor 's formal installation"], 'data': [{'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'William Warren Barbour ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Warren_Barbour', 'summary': 'William Warren Barbour ( July 31 , 1888 - November 22 , 1943 ) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1931 to 1937 and again from 1938 until his death in office in 1943 . He was also a business leader and amateur heavyweight boxing champion in both the United States ( 1910 ) and Canada ( 1911 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Died November 22 , 1943 . Successor was appointed until an election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arthur Walsh ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Walsh_(senator)', 'summary': 'Arthur Walsh ( February 26 , 1896 - December 13 , 1947 ) was an American politician and World War I veteran who served as the junior United States Senator from New Jersey from November 26 , 1943 to December 7 , 1944 . He was a member of the Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'November 26 , 1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11 , 1816 . Since then , the state has been represented in the United States Senate by 44 different men in Class 1 and 3 ; David Turpie served non-consecutive terms in Class 1 , Dan Coats served non-consecutive terms in Class 3 , and William Ezra Jenner served in both Classes . Until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , Senators were elected by the Indiana General Assembly ; after that they were elected popularly by Indiana citizens . A senatorial term lasts six years beginning on January 3 . In case of a vacancy the Governor of Indiana has the duty to appoint a new U.S. senator . The longest-serving of any Senator from Indiana is Republican Richard Lugar ( 1977-2013 ) . Indiana 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Todd Young ( serving since 2017 ) and Mike Braun ( serving since 2019 )"}]}, {'value': 'Frederick Van Nuys ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Van_Nuys', 'summary': 'Frederick Van Nuys ( April 16 , 1874 - January 25 , 1944 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana . Born in Falmouth , he attended the public schools and graduated from Earlham College ( Richmond , Indiana ) in 1898 and from Indiana Law School ( now Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law ) in 1900 . He was admitted to the bar in 1900 and commenced practice in Shelbyville moving shortly afterward to Anderson . From 1906 to 1910 he was prosecuting attorney of Madison County and was a member of the Indiana Senate from 1913 to 1916 , serving as president pro tempore in 1915 . He moved to Indianapolis in 1916 and continued the practice of law ; he was United States attorney for the district of Indiana from 1920 to 1922 . According to an interview in the Literary Digest , he pronounced his last name van-NIECE . He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1932 , soundly defeating longtime incumbent and Majority Leader James Eli Watson . He was an opponent of the Nineteenth Amendment and called for changes to the Volstead Act . In 1937 , he joined with Senator Robert F. Wagner in introducing an anti-lynching bill in the Senate . The House of Representatives passed a similar bill by a wide 277-120 margin but was successfully filibustered in the Senate in 1938 . While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments ( 76th Congress ) and a member of the Committee on the Judiciary ( 77th and 78th Congresses ) . Although he was a Democrat who was elected as part of Franklin D. Roosevelts sweeping victory , Van Nuys was not always a reliable supporter of New Deal policies and opposed the presidents plan to enlarge the United States Supreme Court .'}]}, {'value': 'Died January 25 , 1944 . Successor was appointed until an election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel D. Jackson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_D._Jackson', 'summary': 'Samuel Dillon Jackson ( May 28 , 1895 - March 8 , 1951 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana .'}]}, {'value': 'January 28 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.', 'summary': "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. ( July 5 , 1902 - February 27 , 1985 ) , sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II , was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a United States ambassador . He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon . The Republican ticket lost to Democrats John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson . Born in Nahant , Massachusetts , Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen . After graduating from Harvard University , Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives . He defeated Democratic Governor James Michael Curley in 1936 to represent Massachusetts in the United States Senate . He resigned from the Senate in 1944 to serve in Italy and France during World War II . Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general . In 1946 , Lodge defeated incumbent Democratic Senator David I. Walsh to return to the Senate . He led the Draft Eisenhower movement before the 1952 election and served as Eisenhower 's campaign manager , ensuring that his candidate triumphed at the 1952 Republican National Convention . Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II in the general election , but Lodge lost his own re-election campaign to John F. Kennedy . Lodge was named as ambassador to the United Nations in 1953 and became a member of Eisenhower 's Cabinet ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned February 3 , 1944 , to go on active duty in the US Army . Success was appointed until a special election', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Weeks ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks', 'summary': "Charles Sinclair Weeks ( June 15 , 1893 - February 7 , 1972 ) , better known as Sinclair Weeks , served as United States Senator from Massachusetts ( 1944 ) and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1953 until 1958 , during President Eisenhower 's administration ."}]}, {'value': 'February 8 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oregon ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Oregon', 'summary': 'Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14 , 1859 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrats Ron Wyden ( serving since 1996 ) and Jeff Merkley ( serving since 2009 ) . Prior to 1906 , U.S. senators were elected by the Oregon Legislative Assembly . In 1904 , Oregon voters passed a ballot measure that required U.S. senators to be selected by a popular vote and then endorsed by the state legislature . Beginning in 1914 , U.S. senators were directly elected by popular vote on the basis of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles L. McNary ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_L._McNary', 'summary': "Charles Linza McNary ( June 12 , 1874 - February 25 , 1944 ) was a United States Republican politician from Oregon . He served in the U.S. Senate from 1917 to 1944 and was Senate Minority Leader from 1933 to 1944 . In the Senate , McNary helped to pass legislation that led to the construction of Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River , and worked on agricultural and forestry issues . He also supported many of the New Deal programs at the beginning of the Great Depression . Until Mark O. Hatfield surpassed his mark in 1993 , he was Oregon 's longest-serving senator . McNary was the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1940 , on the ticket with presidential candidate Wendell Willkie ; both died in 1944 , during what would have been their first term had they won . They lost to the Democratic ticket , composed of Franklin D. Roosevelt , who was running for his third term as president , and Henry A. Wallace by just under a ten-point margin . McNary was a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1913 to 1915 and was dean of Willamette University College of Law , in his hometown of Salem , from 1908 to 1913 . Before that , he was a deputy district attorney under his brother , John Hugh McNary , who later became a federal judge for the District of Oregon . McNary died in office after unsuccessful surgery on a brain tumor . Oregon held a state funeral for him , during which his body lay in state at the Oregon State Capitol in Salem . McNary Dam , McNary Field , McNary High School , and McNary Country Club ( on land he owned ) in Oregon are named in his honor ."}]}, {'value': 'Died February 25 , 1944 . Successor was appointed and subsequently won special election', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guy Cordon ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guy_Cordon', 'summary': 'Guy F. Cordon ( April 24 , 1890 - June 8 , 1969 ) was a U.S. politician and lawyer from the state of Oregon . A native of Texas , he served in the Army during World War I and later was the district attorney of Douglas County in Southern Oregon . A Republican , he was appointed and later won election to the United States Senate , serving in office from 1944 to 1955 .'}]}, {'value': 'March 4 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Washington', 'summary': 'Washington was admitted to the Union on November 11 , 1889 , and elects its United States senators to Class 1 and Class 3 . Its current US senators are Democrats Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell .'}]}, {'value': 'Homer Bone ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Homer_Bone', 'summary': 'Homer Truett Bone ( January 25 , 1883 - March 11 , 1970 ) was an American attorney and politician in Washington state , where he settled in Tacoma as a youth with his family from Indiana . He ran as a candidate for a variety of parties and was elected to the State House . In 1932 , he was elected as a Democrat as United States Senator from Washington , and re-elected to a second term . In 1944 Bone was appointed as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . He served until his death , the last years in senior status .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned November 13 , 1944 , to become Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit . Successor was appointed to finish the term , having just been elected to the next term', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_9th_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ( in case citations , 9th Cir . ) is a court of appeal that has appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts :'}]}, {'value': 'Warren Magnuson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warren_Magnuson', 'summary': 'Warren Grant Maggie Magnuson ( April 12 , 1905 - May 20 , 1989 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as a U.S. Representative ( 1937-1944 ) and a U.S . Senator ( 1944-1981 ) from Washington . He served over 36 years in the Senate , and was the most senior member of the body during his final two years in office .'}]}, {'value': 'December 14 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11 , 1816 . Since then , the state has been represented in the United States Senate by 44 different men in Class 1 and 3 ; David Turpie served non-consecutive terms in Class 1 , Dan Coats served non-consecutive terms in Class 3 , and William Ezra Jenner served in both Classes . Until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , Senators were elected by the Indiana General Assembly ; after that they were elected popularly by Indiana citizens . A senatorial term lasts six years beginning on January 3 . In case of a vacancy the Governor of Indiana has the duty to appoint a new U.S. senator . The longest-serving of any Senator from Indiana is Republican Richard Lugar ( 1977-2013 ) . Indiana 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Todd Young ( serving since 2017 ) and Mike Braun ( serving since 2019 )"}]}, {'value': 'Samuel D. Jackson ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_D._Jackson', 'summary': 'Samuel Dillon Jackson ( May 28 , 1895 - March 8 , 1951 ) was a United States Senator from Indiana .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William E. Jenner ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_E._Jenner', 'summary': 'William Ezra Jenner ( July 21 , 1908 - March 9 , 1985 ) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Indiana . A Republican , Jenner was an Indiana state senator from 1934 to 1942 , and a U.S . Senator from 1944 to 1945 and again from 1947 to 1959 . In the Senate , Jenner was a supporter of McCarthyism .'}]}, {'value': 'November 7 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ellison Durant Smith ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellison_Durant_Smith', 'summary': 'Ellison DuRant Cotton Ed Smith ( August 1 , 1864 - November 17 , 1944 ) was a Democratic Party politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina widely known for his virulently racist and segregationist views and his advocacy of white supremacy . He represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1909 until 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Died November 17 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilton E. Hall ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall', 'summary': 'Wilton Earle Hall ( March 11 , 1901 - February 25 , 1980 ) was a United States Senator from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'November 20 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Arthur Walsh ( D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Walsh_(senator)', 'summary': 'Arthur Walsh ( February 26 , 1896 - December 13 , 1947 ) was an American politician and World War I veteran who served as the junior United States Senator from New Jersey from November 26 , 1943 to December 7 , 1944 . He was a member of the Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H. Alexander Smith ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Alexander_Smith', 'summary': 'Howard Alexander Smith ( January 30 , 1880 - October 27 , 1966 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1944 to 1959 . He was the uncle of Peter H. Dominick , who was a Senator from Colorado ( 1963-1975 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'December 7 , 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinclair Weeks ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks', 'summary': "Charles Sinclair Weeks ( June 15 , 1893 - February 7 , 1972 ) , better known as Sinclair Weeks , served as United States Senator from Massachusetts ( 1944 ) and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1953 until 1958 , during President Eisenhower 's administration ."}]}, {'value': 'Appointee was not a candidate to finish the term . Successor was elected . Successor chose not to take the seat until the next Congress , but was nevertheless duly elected and qualified', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leverett Saltonstall ( R )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall', 'summary': 'Leverett A. Saltonstall ( September 1 , 1892 - June 17 , 1979 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts . He served three two-year terms as the 55th Governor of Massachusetts , and for more than twenty years as a United States Senator ( 1945-1967 ) . Saltonstall was internationalist in foreign policy and moderate on domestic policy , serving as a well-liked mediating force in the Republican Party . He was the only member of the Republican Senate leadership to vote for the censure of Joseph McCarthy .'}]}, {'value': 'January 4 , 1945', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Changes in membership -- Senate', 'section_text': 'See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate', 'uid': '78th_United_States_Congress_0', 'intro': "The Seventy-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1945, during the last two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixteenth Census of the United States in 1940. Both chambers had a Democratic majority."}
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Before 1935 , what day in March did a senator 's term begin in the state whose vacator was the only member of the Republican Senate leadership to vote for the censure of Joseph McCarthy ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_legislative_buildings', 'title': 'List of legislative buildings', 'header': ['Country', 'Building', 'Built', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Albania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albania', 'summary': 'Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .'}]}, {'value': 'Albanian Parliament Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A new building is currently planned for the Albanian Parliament', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania', 'summary': "The Parliament of Albania ( Albanian : Kuvendi i Shqipërisë ) or Kuvendi is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania ; it is Albania 's legislature . The Parliament is composed of not less than 140 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct , universal , periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot . The Parliament is presided over by a Speaker of the Parliament , who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker . The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation . There are 12 multi-seat constituencies , corresponding to the country 's administrative divisions . The Parliament 's powers are defined by the Constitution of Albania . It is responsible to amend the borders of Albania or the Constitution , passes all laws , approves the cabinet , supervises the work of the government , declares war , decides on cessation of hostilities , adopt the state 's budgets and approve the state 's accounts . Another duties includes , calling referenda , performs elections and appointments conforming to the constitution and applicable legislation , supervises operations of the government and other civil services responsible to the parliament , grants amnesty for criminal offences and performs other duties defined by the constitution . The Parliament also elects the President of the Republic . When the Parliament is elected , the first session shall be held no later than 20 days after the completion of elections with the President as the speaker . However , all laws passed by the Parliament are published by the Albanian Official Journal ( Albanian : Fletorja Zyrtare ) , which is the official journal of the Government of Albania . The oldest Parliament with extant records was held in Lezhë on 2 March 1444 ."}]}, {'value': 'Andorra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andorra', 'summary': "Andorra ( /ænˈdɔːrə/ ( listen ) , also UK : /ænˈdɒrə/ ; Catalan : [ ənˈdorə ] ) , officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat d'Andorra ) , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat de les Valls d'Andorra ) , is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula , in the eastern Pyrenees , bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south . Believed to have been created by Charlemagne , Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988 , when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell . The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278 . It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two princes : the Catholic bishop of Urgell in Catalonia , Spain , and the president of the French Republic . Andorra is the sixth-smallest nation in Europe , having an area of 468 square kilometres ( 181 sq mi ) and a population of approximately 77,006 . The Andorran people are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent . Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and the 11th-smallest by population . Its capital , Andorra la Vella , is the highest capital city in Europe , at an elevation of 1,023 metres ( 3,356 feet ) above sea level . The official language is Catalan , but Spanish , Portuguese , and French are also commonly spoken . Tourism in Andorra sees an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually . Andorra is not a member of the European Union , but the euro is its official currency . It has been a member of the United Nations since 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'New Parliament of Andorra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Parliament_of_Andorra', 'summary': "The New Parliament of Andorra ( Catalan : Nou Parlament d'Andorra ) or New General Council ( Catalan : Nou Consell General ) is the headquarters of the General Council of Andorra since 2011 . It is located in Andorra la Vella , near the government headquarters , and it replaces the previous parliament in Casa de la Vall . Ordinary sessions take place in the New Parliament of Andorra , whereas traditional sessions ( the constitutive session or the Sant Tomàs session ) take place in Casa de la Vall ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': 'Austrian Parliament Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Parliament_Building', 'summary': 'The Austrian Parliament Building ( German : Parlamentsgebäude , colloquially das Parlament ) in Vienna is where the two houses of the Austrian Parliament conduct their sessions . The building is located on the Ringstraße boulevard in the first district Innere Stadt , near Hofburg Palace and the Palace of Justice . It was built to house the two chambers of the Imperial Council ( Reichsrat ) , the bicameral legislature of the Cisleithanian ( Austrian ) part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Since its construction , the Parliament Building has been the seat of these two houses , and their successors - the National Council ( Nationalrat ) and the Federal Council ( Bundesrat ) - of the Austrian legislature . The foundation stone was laid in 1874 ; the building was completed in 1883 . The architect responsible for its Greek Revival style was Theophil Hansen . He designed the building holistically , aiming to have each element harmonizing with all the others . He was therefore also responsible for the interior decoration , such as statues , paintings , furniture , chandeliers , and numerous other elements . Hansen was honored by Emperor Franz Joseph with the title of Freiherr ( Baron ) after its completion . Following heavy damage and destruction in World War II , most of the interior has been restored to its original splendour . The parliament building covers over 13,500 square meters , making it one of the largest structures on Ringstraße . It contains over one hundred rooms , the most important of which are the Chambers of the National Council , the Federal Council , and the former Imperial House of Representatives ( Abgeordnetenhaus ) .'}]}, {'value': '1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': 'House of Government', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Palace of the Nation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament', 'summary': 'The Belgian Federal Parliament is the bicameral parliament of Belgium . It consists of the Chamber of Representatives ( Dutch : Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers ( help·info ) , French : Chambre des Représentants , German : Abgeordnetenkammer ) and the Senate ( Dutch : Senaat ( help·info ) , French : Sénat , German : Senat ) . It sits in the Palace of the Nation ( French : Palais de la Nation , Dutch : Paleis der Natie , German : Palast der Nation ) . The Chamber of Representatives is the primary legislative body ; the Senate functions only as a meeting place of the federal communities and regions . The Constitution does not mention the Federal Parliament as such ; it stipulates that the federal legislative power is exercised by the King and the Chamber of Representatives ( and exceptionally the Senate ) , and defines when the United Chambers convene .'}]}, {'value': '1783', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgian Federal Parliament ( Chamber of Representatives and Senate )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgian_Federal_Parliament', 'summary': 'The Belgian Federal Parliament is the bicameral parliament of Belgium . It consists of the Chamber of Representatives ( Dutch : Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers ( help·info ) , French : Chambre des Représentants , German : Abgeordnetenkammer ) and the Senate ( Dutch : Senaat ( help·info ) , French : Sénat , German : Senat ) . It sits in the Palace of the Nation ( French : Palais de la Nation , Dutch : Paleis der Natie , German : Palast der Nation ) . The Chamber of Representatives is the primary legislative body ; the Senate functions only as a meeting place of the federal communities and regions . The Constitution does not mention the Federal Parliament as such ; it stipulates that the federal legislative power is exercised by the King and the Chamber of Representatives ( and exceptionally the Senate ) , and defines when the United Chambers convene .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Chamber of Representatives ( Dutch : Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers ( help·info ) , French : Chambre des représentants , German : Abgeordnetenkammer ) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium , the other being the Senate . It is considered to be the lower house of the Federal Parliament .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgian_Senate', 'summary': 'The Senate ( Dutch : Senaat ( help·info ) , French : le Sénat , German : der Senat ) is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium , the other being the Chamber of Representatives . It is considered to be the upper house of the Federal Parliament . Created in 1831 as a chamber fully equal to the Chamber of Representatives , it has undergone several reforms in the past , most notably in 1993 and the reform of 2014 following the sixth Belgian state reform . The 2014 elections were the first without a direct election of senators . Instead , the new Senate is composed of members of community and regional parliaments and co-opted members . It is a chamber of the communities and regions and serves as a platform for discussion and reflection about matters between these federated entities . The Senate today plays a minor role in the federal legislative process . Since the reform of 2014 , it holds about ten plenary sessions a year .'}]}, {'value': 'Bosnia-Herzegovina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina', 'summary': 'Bosnia and Herzegovina , [ a ] abbreviated BiH or B & H , [ b ] sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia , is a country of South and Southeast Europe , located within the Balkans . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bosnia and Herzegovina is an almost landlocked country - to the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea , about 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) long and surrounding the town of Neum . It is bordered by Serbia to the east , Montenegro to the southeast , and Croatia surrounding north and southwest . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest moderately hilly , and the northeast predominantly flatland . The inland , Bosnia , is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip , Herzegovina , has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography . Bosnia and Herzegovina traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it remained from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I .'}]}, {'value': 'Parliament Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': 'National Assembly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)', 'summary': 'The National Assembly ( Bulgarian : Народно събрание , Narodno sabranie ) is the unicameral parliament and legislative body of the Republic of Bulgaria . The National Assembly was established in 1879 with the Tarnovo Constitution .'}]}, {'value': '1886', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croatia', 'summary': "Croatia ( /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) , kroh-AY-shə ; Croatian : Hrvatska , pronounced [ xř̩ʋaːtskaː ] ) , officially the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Republika Hrvatska , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ d ] is a country in Southeast Europe . It borders Slovenia to the northwest , Hungary to the northeast , Serbia to the east , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southeast , sharing a maritime border with Italy . Its capital , Zagreb , forms one of the country 's primary subdivisions , along with twenty counties . Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres ( 21,851 square miles ) and a population of 4.28 million , most of whom are Roman Catholics . Croatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age . The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century . Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925 , elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom , which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended , Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102 . In 1527 , faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne . In October 1918 , in the final days of World War I , the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs , independent from Austria-Hungary , was proclaimed in Zagreb , and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state , the Independent State of Croatia ."}]}, {'value': 'Parliament Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croatian_Parliament', 'summary': "The Croatian Parliament ( Croatian : Hrvatski sabor ) or the Sabor [ A ] is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia ; it is Croatia 's legislature . Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution , the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power . The Sabor is composed of 151 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct , universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot . Seats are allocated according to the Croatian Parliament electoral districts : 140 members of the parliament are elected in multi-seat constituencies , 8 from the minorities and 3 from the Croatian diaspora . The Sabor is presided over by a Speaker , who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker ( usually four or five deputies ) . The Sabor 's powers are defined by the Constitution and they include : defining economic , legal and political relations in Croatia , preservation and use of its heritage and entering into alliances . The Sabor has the right to deploy the Croatian armed forces abroad , and it may restrict some constitutional rights and liberties in wartime or in cases of imminent war or following natural disasters . The Sabor amends the borders of Croatia or the Constitution , enacts legislation , passes the state budget , declares war and decides on cessation of hostilities , adopts parliamentary resolutions and bylaws , adopts long-term national security and defence strategies , implements civil supervision of the armed forces and security services , calls referenda , performs elections and appointments conforming to the constitution and applicable legislation , supervises operations of the Government and other civil services responsible to the parliament , grants amnesty for criminal offences and performs other duties defined by the constitution . The oldest Sabor with extant records was held in Zagreb on 19 April 1273 . This was the Sabor of Slavonia , and not of Croatia and Dalmatia . The earliest Sabor of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia dates to 1351 [ citation needed ] . The Parliament session held in 1527 in Cetin affirmed the House of Habsburg as Croatian rulers ."}]}, {'value': '1911', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabor', 'summary': "The Croatian Parliament ( Croatian : Hrvatski sabor ) or the Sabor [ A ] is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia ; it is Croatia 's legislature . Under the terms of the Croatian Constitution , the Sabor represents the people and is vested with legislative power . The Sabor is composed of 151 members elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct , universal and equal suffrage by secret ballot . Seats are allocated according to the Croatian Parliament electoral districts : 140 members of the parliament are elected in multi-seat constituencies , 8 from the minorities and 3 from the Croatian diaspora . The Sabor is presided over by a Speaker , who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker ( usually four or five deputies ) . The Sabor 's powers are defined by the Constitution and they include : defining economic , legal and political relations in Croatia , preservation and use of its heritage and entering into alliances . The Sabor has the right to deploy the Croatian armed forces abroad , and it may restrict some constitutional rights and liberties in wartime or in cases of imminent war or following natural disasters . The Sabor amends the borders of Croatia or the Constitution , enacts legislation , passes the state budget , declares war and decides on cessation of hostilities , adopts parliamentary resolutions and bylaws , adopts long-term national security and defence strategies , implements civil supervision of the armed forces and security services , calls referenda , performs elections and appointments conforming to the constitution and applicable legislation , supervises operations of the Government and other civil services responsible to the parliament , grants amnesty for criminal offences and performs other duties defined by the constitution . The oldest Sabor with extant records was held in Zagreb on 19 April 1273 . This was the Sabor of Slavonia , and not of Croatia and Dalmatia . The earliest Sabor of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia dates to 1351 [ citation needed ] . The Parliament session held in 1527 in Cetin affirmed the House of Habsburg as Croatian rulers ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': 'Thun Palace , Malá Strana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malá_Strana', 'summary': 'Malá Strana ( Czech for Little Side ( of the River ) , German : Prager Kleinseite ) or more formally Menší Město pražské ( English : Lesser Town of Prague ) is a district of the city of Prague , Czech Republic , and one of its most historic neighbourhoods . In the Middle Ages , it was a dominant center of the ethnic German ( and since 16th century also Italian ) citizens of Prague . [ citation needed ] It also housed many noble palaces while the right-bank towns were comparatively more bourgeois and more Bohemian Czech .'}]}, {'value': '1726', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chamber of Deputies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Czech_Republic)', 'summary': "The Chamber of Deputies , officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic ( Czech : Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky ) , is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic . The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is Thun-Hohenstein Palace in Malá Strana , Prague . The members of the 200-seat house serve for four-year terms and are elected using the party-list proportional representation system . Since 2002 , there are 14 constituencies matching the Czech regions and the D'Hondt method has been applied . The Government is primarily responsible to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains the support of a majority of its members ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': 'Wallenstein Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wallenstein_Palace', 'summary': 'Wallenstein Palace ( Czech : Valdštejnský palác ) is a Baroque palace in Malá Strana , Prague , that served as a residence for Imperial Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein and now houses the Senate of the Czech Republic .'}]}, {'value': '1630', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Senate_of_the_Parliament_of_the_Czech_Republic', 'summary': 'The Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic ( Czech : Senát Parlamentu České republiky ) , usually referred to as Senate , is the upper chamber of the Parliament of the Czech Republic . The seat of the Senate is Wallenstein Palace in Prague .'}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'Christiansborg Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace', 'summary': "Christiansborg Palace ( Danish : Christiansborg Slot ; pronounced [ kʰʁɛstjænsˈpɔɐ̯ˀ ˈslɒt ] ) is a palace and government building on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen , Denmark . It is the seat of the Danish Parliament ( Folketinget ) , the Danish Prime Minister 's Office , and the Supreme Court of Denmark . Also , several parts of the palace are used by the Danish monarch , including the Royal Reception Rooms , the Palace Chapel and the Royal Stables . The palace is thus home to the three supreme powers : the executive power , the legislative power , and the judicial power . It is the only building in the world that houses all three of a country 's branches of government . The name Christiansborg is thus also frequently used as a metonym for the Danish political system , and colloquially it is often referred to as Rigsborgen ( 'the castle of the realm ' ) or simply Borgen ( 'the castle ' ) . The present building , the third with this name , is the last in a series of successive castles and palaces constructed on the same site since the erection of the first castle in 1167 . Since the early fifteenth century , the various buildings have served as the base of the central administration ; until 1794 as the principal residence of the Danish kings and after 1849 as the seat of parliament . The palace today bears witness to three eras of Danish architecture , as the result of two serious fires . The first fire occurred in 1794 and the second in 1884 . The main part of the current palace , finished in 1928 , is in the historicist Neo-baroque style . The chapel dates back to 1826 and is in a neoclassical style ."}]}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Folketing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Folketing', 'summary': "The Folketing ( Danish : Folketinget , pronounced [ ˈfɒlkəˌtˢeŋˀð̩ ] ; lit . the people 's thing ) , also known as the Danish Parliament in English , is the unicameral national legislature ( parliament ) of the Kingdom of Denmark - Denmark proper together with the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Established in 1849 , until 1953 the Folketing was the lower house of a bicameral parliament , called the Rigsdag ; the upper house was Landstinget . It meets in Christiansborg Palace , on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen . The Folketing passes all laws , approves the cabinet , and supervises the work of the government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts . As set out in the Danish Constitution , the Folketing shares power with the reigning monarch . In practice , however , the monarch 's role is limited to signing laws passed by the legislature ; this must be done within 30 days of adoption . The Folketing consists of 179 representatives ; including two from Greenland and a further two from the Faroe Islands . General elections must be held every four years , but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed . On a vote of no confidence , the Folketing may force a single Minister or the entire government to resign . Members are democratically elected by proportional representation : 135 in districts using the D'Hondt method and with 40 leveling seats ."}]}, {'value': 'Estonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estonia', 'summary': "Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti [ ˈeːsʲti ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti Vabariik ) , is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side , to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side , to the south by Latvia ( 343 km ) , and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia ( 338.6 km ) . The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea , covering a total area of 45,227 km2 ( 17,462 sq mi ) , water 2,839 km2 ( 1,096 sq mi ) , land area 42,388 km2 ( 16,366 sq mi ) , and is influenced by a humid continental climate . The official language of the country , Estonian , is the second-most-spoken Finnic language . The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC . Ancient Estonians became some of the last European pagans to adopt Christianity - following the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century . After centuries of successive rule by Germans , Danes , Swedes , Poles and Russians , a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19th and early 20th centuries . This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I . Initially democratic prior to the Great Depression , Estonia experienced authoritarian rule from 1934 during the Era of Silence . During World War II ( 1939-1945 ) , Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany , ultimately being incorporated into the former . After the loss of its de facto independence , Estonia 's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile . In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule , resulting in the restoration of de facto independence on 20 August 1991 ."}]}, {'value': 'Toompea Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toompea_Castle', 'summary': 'Toompea Castle ( Estonian : Toompea loss , Latin : Castrum Danorum ) is a castle on Toompea hill in the central part of Tallinn , the capital of Estonia . The castle , an ancient stronghold site in use since at least the 9th century , today houses the Parliament of Estonia .'}]}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Riigikogu ; the oldest parts of Toompea Castle were built in the early 13th century and the newest parts in 1935 . The Riigikogu hall building itself was added in 1922', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riigikogu', 'summary': 'The Riigikogu ( Estonian pronunciation : [ ˈriːɡikoɡu ] ; from riigi- , of the state , and kogu , assembly ) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia . All important state-related questions pass through the Riigikogu . In addition to approving legislation , the Riigikogu appoints high officials , including the Prime Minister and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court , and elects ( either alone or , if necessary , together with representatives of local government within a broader electoral college ) the President . The Riigikogu also ratifies significant foreign treaties that impose military and proprietary obligations , bring about changes in law , etc . ; approves the budget presented by the government as law and monitors the executive power .'}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Parliament House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parliament_House,_Helsinki', 'summary': 'The Parliament House ( Finnish : Eduskuntatalo , Swedish : Riksdagshuset ) is the seat of the Parliament of Finland . It is located in the Finnish capital Helsinki , in the district of Töölö .'}]}, {'value': '1931', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parliament of Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland', 'summary': "The Parliament of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen eduskunta , Swedish : Finlands riksdag ) is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland , founded on 9 May 1906 . In accordance with the Constitution of Finland , sovereignty belongs to the people , and that power is vested in the Parliament . The Parliament consists of 200 members , 199 of whom are elected every four years from 13 multi-member districts electing 7-36 using the proportional D'Hondt method . In addition , there is one member from Åland . Legislation may be initiated by either the Government or one of the members of Parliament . The Parliament passes legislation , decides on the state budget , approves international treaties , and supervises the activities of the government . It may bring about the resignation of the Finnish Government , override presidential vetoes , and alter the constitution . To make changes to the constitution , amendments must be approved by two successive parliaments , with an election cycle in between , or passed as an emergency law with a 166/200 majority . Most MPs work in parliamentary groups which correspond with the political parties . The Parliament currently comprises nine parliamentary groups . Since the establishment of the Parliament in 1905 , the parliamentary majority has been held once by a single party : the Social Democrats in the 1916 election . Thus , for the Government to gain a majority in the Parliament , coalition governments are favored ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Palais Bourbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palais_Bourbon', 'summary': "The Palais Bourbon ( pronounced [ pa.lɛ buʁ.bɔ̃ ] ) serves as a meeting place of the French National Assembly , the lower legislative chamber of the French government . It is located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris , on the left bank of the Seine , across from the Place de la Concorde . The Palace was originally built beginning in 1722 for Louise Françoise de Bourbon , the duchesse de Bourbon , the legitimized daughter of Louis XIV and the Marquise de Montespan . Four successive architects , Lorenzo Giardini , Pierre Cailleteau , Jean Aubert and Jacques Gabriel completed the house in 1728 . It was nationalized during the French Revolution , and from 1795 to 1799 , during the Directory , it was the meeting place of the Council of Five Hundred , which chose the government leaders . Beginning in 1806 , during Napoleon 's First French Empire , Bernard poyet 's Neoclassical facade was added to mirror that of Church of the Madeleine , facing it across the Seine and the Place de la Concorde . The Palace complex today has a floor area of 124,000m² , with over 9500 rooms , in which 3000 people work . The complex includes the Hôtel de Lassay , on the west side of the Palais Bourbon ; it is the official residence of the presidents of the National Assembly of France ."}]}, {'value': '1728', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Assembly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_National_Assembly', 'summary': "The National Assembly ( French : Assemblée nationale ; pronounced [ asɑ̃ble nasjɔnal ] ) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic , the upper house being the Senate ( Sénat ) . The National Assembly 's legislators are known as députés ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ depyˈte ] ; delegate or envoy in English ; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word deputy , which is the standard term for legislators in many parliamentary systems ) . There are 577 députés , each elected by a single-member constituency through a two-round voting system . Thus , 289 seats are required for a majority . The assembly is presided over by a president ( currently Richard Ferrand ) , normally from the largest party represented , assisted by vice-presidents from across the represented political spectrum . The term of the National Assembly is five years ; however , the President of the Republic may dissolve the Assembly ( thereby calling for new elections ) unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve months . This measure has become rarer since the 2000 referendum reduced the presidential term from seven to five years : a President usually has a majority elected in the Assembly two months after the presidential election , and it would be useless for him/her to dissolve it for those reasons . Following a tradition started by the first National Assembly during the French Revolution , the left-wing parties sit to the left as seen from the president 's seat , and the right-wing parties sit to the right , and the seating arrangement thus directly indicates the political spectrum as represented in the Assembly . The official seat of the National Assembly is the Palais Bourbon on the banks of the river Seine ; the Assembly also uses other neighbouring buildings , including the Immeuble Chaban-Delmas on the rue de l'Université . It is guarded by Republican Guards ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Luxembourg Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace', 'summary': "The Luxembourg Palace ( French : Palais du Luxembourg , pronounced [ pa.lɛ dy lyk.sɑ̃.buːʁ ] ) is located at 15 Rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris . It was originally built ( 1615-1645 ) to the designs of the French architect Salomon de Brosse to be the royal residence of the regent Marie de ' Medici , mother of King Louis XIII . After the Revolution it was refashioned ( 1799-1805 ) by Jean Chalgrin into a legislative building and subsequently greatly enlarged and remodeled ( 1835-1856 ) by Alphonse de Gisors . Since 1958 it has been the seat of the Senate of the Fifth Republic . Immediately west of the palace on the Rue de Vaugirard is the Petit Luxembourg , now the residence of the Senate President ; and slightly further west , the Musée du Luxembourg , in the former orangery . On the south side of the palace , the formal Luxembourg Garden presents a 25-hectare green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and large basins of water where children sail model boats ."}]}, {'value': '1615', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_Senate', 'summary': "The Senate ( French : Sénat ; pronunciation : [ seˈna ] ) is the upper house of the French Parliament . Indirectly elected by elected officials , it represents territorial collectivities of the Republic and French citizens living abroad . The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house , the directly elected National Assembly ; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally receive less media coverage . The Senate is housed inside the Luxembourg Palace in the 6th arrondissement of Paris . It is guarded by Republican Guards . In front of the building lies the Senate 's garden , the Jardin du Luxembourg , open to the public ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Reichstag building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reichstag_building', 'summary': "The Reichstag ( German : Reichstagsgebäude pronounced [ ˈʁaɪçstaːksgəˈbɔʏdə ] ; officially : Deutscher Bundestag - Plenarbereich Reichstagsgebäude pronounced [ ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈbʊndəsˌtaːk ˈpleːnaːrbəraɪç ˈʁaɪçstaːksgəˈbɔʏdə ] ) is a historic edifice in Berlin , Germany , constructed to house the Imperial Diet ( German : Reichstag ) of the German Empire . It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933 , when it was severely damaged after being set on fire . After World War II , the building fell into disuse ; the parliament of the German Democratic Republic ( the Volkskammer ) met in the Palast der Republik in East Berlin , while the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany ( the Bundestag ) met in the Bundeshaus in Bonn . The ruined building was made safe against the elements and partially refurbished in the 1960s , but no attempt at full restoration was made until after German reunification on 3 October 1990 , when it underwent a reconstruction led by architect Norman Foster . After its completion in 1999 , it once again became the meeting place of the German parliament : the modern Bundestag . The term Reichstag , when used to connote a diet , dates back to the Holy Roman Empire . The building was built for the Diet of the German Empire , which was succeeded by the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic . The latter would become the Reichstag of Nazi Germany , which left the building ( and ceased to act as a parliament ) after the 1933 fire and never returned , using the Kroll Opera House instead ; the term Reichstag has not been used by German parliaments since World War II . In today 's usage , the word Reichstag ( Imperial Diet Building ) refers mainly to the building , while Bundestag ( Federal Diet ) refers to the institution ."}]}, {'value': '1894', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bundestag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bundestag', 'summary': 'The Bundestag ( German pronunciation : [ ˈbʊndəstaːk ] , Federal Diet ) is the German federal parliament . It can be compared to the chamber of deputies along the lines of the United States House of Representatives or the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . Through the Bundesrat , the individual states ( Bundesländer ) of Germany participate in legislation similar to a second house in a bicameral parliament . According to the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany however ( German : Grundgesetz ) , these two chambers form constitutional bodies principally separate from each other , so to say not forming the German parliament , but they work closely together in most aspects of lawmaking on the federal level . The Bundestag was established by article III of the Grundgesetz in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag . Since 1999 it has met in the Reichstag Building in Berlin . Wolfgang Schäuble is the current President of the Bundestag . Members of the Bundestag ( German : Mitglieder des Bundestages ) are usually elected every four years by all adult German citizens in a mixed system of constituency voting and list voting . The constitutional minimum number of seats is 598 ; with overhang and leveling seats there are currently 709 seats . The Election Day can be called earlier than four years after the last if the Federal Chancellor ( German : Bundeskanzler ) loses a vote of confidence and asks the Federal President ( German : Bundespräsident ) to dissolve the Bundestag in order to hold new general elections . In the 19th century , the name Bundestag was the unofficial designation for the assembly of the sovereigns and mayors of the Monarchies and Free Cities which formed the German Confederation ( 1815-1866 ) . Its seat was in the Free City of Frankfurt on the Main .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'House of Lords of Prussia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_of_Lords_of_Prussia', 'summary': 'The Prussian House of Lords ( German : Preußisches Herrenhaus ) in Berlin was the upper house of the Preußischer Landtag , the parliament of Prussia from 1850 to 1918 . Together with the lower house , the House of Representatives ( Abgeordnetenhaus ) , it formed the Prussian bicameral legislature .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bundesrat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany', 'summary': 'The German Bundesrat ( literally Federal Council ; pronounced [ ˈbʊndəsʁaːt ] ) is a legislative body [ a ] that represents the sixteen Länder ( federated states ) of Germany at the national level . The Bundesrat meets at the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin . Its second seat is located in the former West German capital of Bonn . The Bundesrat participates in legislation , alongside the Bundestag , the directly elected representation of the people of Germany , with laws affecting state competences and all constitutional changes requiring the consent of the body . For its similar function , it is sometimes described as an upper house of parliament along the lines of the United States Senate , the Canadian Senate or the British House of Lords . [ a ] Bundesrath ( from 1901 on : Bundesrat , according to a general spelling reform ) was the name of similar bodies in the North German Confederation ( 1867 ) and the German Empire ( 1871 ) . Its predecessor in the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) was the Reichsrat . The political makeup of the Bundesrat is affected by changes in power in the states of Germany , and thus by elections in each state . Each state delegation in the Bundesrat is essentially a representation of the state government and reflects the political makeup of the ruling majority or plurality of each state legislature ( including coalitions ) . Thus , the Bundesrat is a continuous body and has no legislative periods . But for organizational reasons the Bundesrat structures its legislative calendar in years of business ( Geschäftsjahre ) , beginning each year on 1 November . Each year of business is congruous with the term of the presidium .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Old Royal Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Royal_Palace', 'summary': 'The Old Royal Palace ( Greek : Παλαιά Ανάκτορα Palaiá Anáktora ) is the first royal palace of modern Greece , completed in 1843 . It has housed the Hellenic Parliament since 1934 . The Old Palace is situated at the heart of modern Athens , facing onto Syntagma Square .'}]}, {'value': '1843', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hellenic Parliament', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament', 'summary': 'The Hellenic Parliament ( Greek : Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο , transliterated Elliniko Kinovoulio ) , in Greek known as Voulí ton Ellínon ( Greek : Βουλή των Ελλήνων , literally Parliament of the Hellenes ) is the parliament of Greece , located in the Old Royal Palace , overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens . The Parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament ( MPs ) . It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members , elected for a four-year term . During 1844-1863 and 1927-1935 , the parliament was bicameral with an upper house , the Senate , and a lower house , the Chamber of Deputies , which retained the name Vouli . Several important Greek statesmen have served as Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungarian Parliament Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament_Building', 'summary': 'The Hungarian Parliament Building ( Hungarian : Országház , pronounced [ ˈorsaːghaːz ] , which translates to House of the Country or House of the Nation ) , also known as the Parliament of Budapest after its location , is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary , a notable landmark of Hungary , and a popular tourist destination in Budapest . It is situated on Kossuth Square in the Pest side of the city , on the eastern bank of the Danube . It was designed by Hungarian architect Imre Steindl in neo-Gothic style and opened in 1902 . It has been the largest building in Hungary since its completion .'}]}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iceland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iceland', 'summary': "Iceland ( Icelandic : Ísland ; [ ˈistlant ] ( listen ) ) [ c ] is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic , with a population of 360,390 and an area of 103,000 km2 ( 40,000 sq mi ) , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . [ d ] The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains , and glaciers , and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls ( i.e. , slaves or serfs ) of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark , and Sweden ."}]}, {'value': 'Alþingishúsið', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alþingishúsið', 'summary': "Alþingishúsið ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈalθiɲcɪsˌhuːsɪð ] , The Parliament House ) is a classical 19th century structure which stands by Austurvöllur in central Reykjavík , Iceland . It houses Alþingi , the Icelandic parliament . The building was designed by Danish architect Ferdinand Meldahl and built using hewn dolerite from 1880 to 1881 . Alþingishúsið has also housed the Icelandic National Library and Antiquaries Collection , and later the Icelandic National Gallery . The University of Iceland used the first floor of the house from 1911 to 1940 , and the President of Iceland had his offices in the building until 1973 . Today , only the debating chamber , a few small meeting rooms and the offices of some of the senior parliamentary staff are actually located in Alþingishúsið . Committee meeting rooms , parliamentarians offices and most of Alþingi 's secretariat are located in other buildings in the area around Austurvöllur . There are currently plans to build a new building to house these offices and meeting rooms in the area immediately to the west of Alþingishúsið , where there is today a parking lot and a few smaller buildings currently being used by Alþingi and which will be incorporated into the new building ."}]}, {'value': '1881', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Althing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Althing', 'summary': "The Alþingi ( parliament ( Icelandic ) and anglicised as Althingi or Althing ) is the national parliament of Iceland . It is the oldest surviving parliament in the world . [ a ] The Althing was founded in 930 at Þingvellir ( thing fields or assembly fields ) , situated approximately 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) east of what later became the country 's capital , Reykjavík . Even after Iceland 's union with Norway in 1262 , the Althing still held its sessions at Þingvellir until 1800 , when it was discontinued . It was restored in 1844 and moved to Reykjavík , where it has resided ever since . The present parliament building , the Alþingishús , was built in 1881 , made of hewn Icelandic stone . The unicameral parliament has 63 members , and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation . The constitution of Iceland provides for six electoral constituencies with the possibility of an increase to seven . The constituency boundaries and the number of seats allocated to each constituency are fixed by legislation . No constituency can be represented by fewer than six seats . Furthermore , each party with more than 5% of the national vote is allocated seats based on its proportion of the national vote in order that the number of members in parliament for each political party should be more or less proportional to its overall electoral support . If the number of voters represented by each member of the Althing in one constituency would be less than half of the comparable ratio in another constituency , the Icelandic National Electoral Commission is tasked with altering the allocation of seats to reduce that difference ."}]}], 'section_title': 'National -- Europe', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_legislative_buildings_3', 'intro': 'This is a list of buildings in which legislatures sit.'}
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What is the country whose building was established in 1879 with the Tarnovo Constitution ?
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Bulgaria
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032b42eac52bd8b6
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjana_Productions', 'title': 'Anjana Productions', 'header': ['S No', 'Year', 'Film Name', 'Cast', 'Director'], 'data': [{'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudraveena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudraveena', 'summary': "Rudra veena ( also spelled Rudra vina , and also called Bīn in North India ) , is a large plucked string instrument , originating from the Indian subcontinent , used in Hindustani classical music , one of the major types of veena played in Indian classical music . It has a long tubular body made of wood or bamboo with a length between 54 and 62 inches . Two large , round resonators , made of dried and hollowed gourds , are attached under the tube . Twenty-four brass-fitted raised wooden frets are fixed on the tube with the help of wax . There are 4 main strings and 3 chikari strings . As Rudra is a name for the Hindu god Shiva , rudra vina literally means the veena dear to Shiva . Shiva is also said to have created the Rudraveena , inspired by his wife , Parvati . It is an ancient instrument rarely played today . The rudra veena declined in popularity in part due to the introduction in the early 19th century of the surbahar , which allowed sitarists to more easily present the alap sections of slow dhrupad-style ragas . In the 20th century , Zia Mohiuddin Dagar modified and redesigned the rudra veena to use bigger gourds , a thicker tube ( dandi ) , thicker steel playing strings ( 0.45-0.47 mm ) and closed javari that . This produced a soft and deep sound when plucked without the use of any plectrum ( mizrab ) . The instrument was further modified as the shruti veena by Lalmani Misra to establish Bharat 's Shadja Gram and obtain the 22 shrutis ."}]}, {'value': 'Chiranjeevi , Shobana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiranjeevi', 'summary': "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad ( born 22 August 1955 ) , better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi , is an Indian film actor and politician . He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism , Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014 . Prior to politics , Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil , Kannada , and Hindi films . He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu . However , Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office . Known for his breakdancing skills , Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films . In 1987 , he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film . In the same year , Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards . In 1988 , he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration . Chiranjeevi 's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu , directed by K. Raghavendra Rao , is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office . The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shobana', 'summary': 'Shobana Chandrakumar Pillai , better known mononymously as Shobana , is an Indian film actress and bharatanatyam dancer . She has acted nearly 230 films , predominantly in Malayalam language , in addition to Telugu , Tamil , Hindi , Kannada and English language films . She has won two National Film Awards , one Kerala State Film Awards and numerous other awards . Shobana established herself as a leading actress in 1980s and 1990s . She has worked with directors such as Adoor Gopalakrishnan , G. Aravindan , K. Balachander , AM Fazil , Mani Ratnam , Bharathan , Uppalapati Narayana Rao , and Priyadarshan . She won the National Film Award for Best Actress twice , for her performances in the Malayalam film Manichitrathazhu ( 1993 ) and the English film Mitr , My Friend ( 2001 ) . Consequent to the year 1999 , Shobana turned extremely selective about her films . Shobana was trained under the Bharata Natyam dancers Chitra Visweswaran and Padma Subrahmanyam . She emerged as an independent performer and choreographer in her twenties and currently runs a dance school , Kalarpana , in Chennai . In 2006 , the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the arts . In 2014 , the Kerala State Government honoured her with the Kala Ratna Award . In 2019 , she was bestowed an honorary doctorate from Dr. M.G.R .'}]}, {'value': 'K. Balachander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Balachander', 'summary': "Kailasam Balachander ( 9 July 1930 - 23 December 2014 ) was an Indian filmmaker and playwright who worked mainly in the Tamil film industry . He was well known for his distinct film-making style , and the Indian film industry knew him as a master of unconventional themes and hard-hitting contemporary subject matter . Balachander 's films are well known for their portrayal of women as bold personalities and central characters . Popularly referred to as Iyakkunar Sigaram ( lit . the director who scaled the peak ) , his films are usually centred on unusual or complicated interpersonal relationships and social themes . He started his film career in 1964 as a screenwriter and graduated to a director with Neerkumizhi ( 1965 ) . In a career that spanned 50 years , he had contributed to nearly 100 feature films either as a screenwriter or director , thus becoming one of the most prolific filmmakers in the country . Known among his colleagues as a tough task master , he was credited with having nurtured numerous actors , notably Nagesh , Sujatha , Kamal Haasan , Rajinikanth , Chiranjeevi , Jayaprada , Sridevi , Jayasudha , Saritha , Renuka , Nassar , Prakash Raj , Ramesh Aravind and Vivek . In his film career , Balachander had won nine National Film Awards and 13 Filmfare Awards . He was honored with the Padma Shri ( 1987 ) , India 's fourth highest civilian award , and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award , India 's highest award in cinema . He also made films under his production house , Kavithalaya Productions . Apart from Tamil , he made films in other languages such as Telugu , Kannada and Hindi ."}]}, {'value': '02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trinetrudu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinetrudu', 'summary': 'Trinetrudu ( transl . The three-eyed man ) is a 1988 Indian Telugu language film starring Chiranjeevi , Bhanupriya , Kaikala Satyanarayana , Ranganath and Nagendra Babu . It is based on the Hindi movie Jalwa ( 1987 ) , and was directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy and produced by Chiranjeevi himself and his brother Nagendra Babu . The film is a remake of the 1984 film Beverly Hills Cop . It was dubbed in Hindi as Aaj Ka Shahenshah in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiranjeevi , Bhanupriya , Nagendra Babu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiranjeevi', 'summary': "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad ( born 22 August 1955 ) , better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi , is an Indian film actor and politician . He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism , Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014 . Prior to politics , Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil , Kannada , and Hindi films . He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu . However , Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office . Known for his breakdancing skills , Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films . In 1987 , he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film . In the same year , Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards . In 1988 , he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration . Chiranjeevi 's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu , directed by K. Raghavendra Rao , is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office . The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bhanupriya', 'summary': 'Bhanupriya ( born Mangalabama ) is an Indian film actress , Kuchipudi dancer , and voice artist known for her works predominantly in Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema . She is also known for her works in a few Malayalam and Kannada films , Bollywood and television . Her acting debut was with the Tamil film Mella Pesungal ( 1983 ) . She then appeared in the Telugu hit Sitaara , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that year . She then played an ornithologist in the 1985 mystery film Anveshana . In 1986 , she made her Hindi film debut with Dosti Dushmani . In 1988 , she appeared in Swarnakamalam , screened at the Indian panorama section of the 1988 International Film Festival of India , and the Ann Arbor Film Festival . Bhanupriya garnered the Indian Express Award for Best Actress , the Nandi Award for Best Actress , and the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu for her performance in the film . In 1989 and 1991 her performances in the Tamil hits Aararo Aariraro and Azhagan brought her the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prizes respectively . In a career spanning thirty-three years , Bhanupriya has acted in more than one hundred fifty feature films in a variety of roles , and has garnered three state Nandi Awards , three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards , two Cinema Express Awards , two Filmfare Awards South and the JFW Divas of South India Award - for her contribution to South Indian cinema , the Gemini TV Puraskaram for lifetime achievement in Television and various other honours .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nagendra_Babu', 'summary': 'Konidela Nagendra Babu , commonly known as Naga Babu , is an Indian actor and producer associated with the Telugu film industry .'}]}, {'value': 'A. Kodandarami Reddy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._Kodandarami_Reddy', 'summary': 'Kodandarami Reddy ( born July 1 , 1950 ) is an Indian film director best known for his works in Telugu cinema . His association with Chiranjeevi created blockbusters in multiple genres such as Nyayam Kavali ( 1981 ) , Khaidi ( 1983 ) , Abhilasha ( 1983 ) , Goonda ( 1984 ) , Challenge ( 1984 ) , Donga ( 1985 ) , Rakshasudu ( 1986 ) , Pasivadi Pranam ( 1987 ) , Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu ( 1989 ) , Kondaveeti Donga , ( 1990 ) , Surya IPS ( 1991 ) , and Muta Mestri ( 1993 ) . In 2013 he received the Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy National Award for Life Time Achievement .'}]}, {'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mugguru Monagallu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mugguru_Monagallu', 'summary': "Mugguru Monagallu ( Telugu : ముగ్గురు మొనగాళ్ళు ) is a Tollywood action comedy film which was released on 7 January 1994 and was produced by Chiranjeevi 's younger brothers Nagendra Babu and Pawan Kalyan . This film stars Chiranjeevi in a triple role , Ramya Krishnan , Nagma and Roja . Directed by K. Raghavendra Rao . The film was recorded as Above Average at the box office ."}]}, {'value': 'Chiranjeevi , Nagma , Roja , Ramya Krishna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiranjeevi', 'summary': "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad ( born 22 August 1955 ) , better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi , is an Indian film actor and politician . He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism , Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014 . Prior to politics , Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil , Kannada , and Hindi films . He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu . However , Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office . Known for his breakdancing skills , Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films . In 1987 , he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film . In the same year , Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards . In 1988 , he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration . Chiranjeevi 's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu , directed by K. Raghavendra Rao , is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office . The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nagma', 'summary': "Nagma ( born Nandita Arvind Morarji on 25 December 1974 ) is an Indian politician and former actress . She is known for her roles in Telugu and Tamil movies like Gharana Mogudu , Kadhalan , Baashha and many others . She began her acting career in Bollywood and acted in a few of the biggest Bollywood movies and in other languages . Nagma has acted in a broad range of India 's languages : Hindi , Telugu , Tamil , Bhojpuri , Malayalam , Kannada , Bengali , Punjabi , and Marathi ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roja_(actress)', 'summary': 'Roja Selvamani is an Indian politician and film actress . She was a leading actress from 1991 to 2002 . She was the leading actress in Tamil , Telugu , Kannada and Malayalam languages . She won three Nandi awards for Best Actress and Tamil Nadu State Award for best actress . In 1999 she entered into politics and currently aligns with the YSR Congress party . She was elected as an MLA from Nagari in Andhra Pradesh in 2014 . Now she is working as YSRCP state Women President.She had contested once again from Nagari assembly constituency in 2019 election and won . She was later appointed as Chairman of APIIC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ramya_Krishna', 'summary': "Ramya Krishnan ( born 15 September 1970 ) , is an Indian film actress . She has acted in over 200 films in five languages : Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ramya has won four Filmfare Awards , three Nandi Awards and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award . She is credited as Ramya Krishna in the Telugu and Kannada film industries . She is known for playing Neelambari in Padayappa which also won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil . She also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu for the 2009 dramedy Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam . Ramya 's portrayal of Sivagami Devi in the Baahubali series ( 2015-17 ) received universal acclaim . While Baahubali : The Beginning ( 2015 ) is the sixth highest grossing Indian film , its sequel Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion ( 2017 ) is the second highest grossing Indian film of all time . Her performance in Baahubali : The Beginning also won her the Best Supporting Actress - Telugu at the 2016 Filmfare Awards and Best Supporting Actress at Nandi Awards by Government of Andhra Pradesh ."}]}, {'value': 'K. Raghavendra Rao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K._Raghavendra_Rao', 'summary': 'K. Raghavendra Rao ( born Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao on 30 Sep 1930 ) is an Indian film director , producer , screenwriter and choreographer , known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema and a few Hindi and Kannada films . He has garnered eight state Nandi Awards , the IIFA Award , the SIIMA Award , five Filmfare Awards South and two CineMAA Awards . In a film career spanning more than five decades , Rao has directed more than a hundred feature films , of which around ninety were box office hits , across multiple genres such as romantic comedy , fantasy , melodrama , action thriller , biographical and romance films . Rao received the state Nandi Award for Best Director for his works such as Bobbili Brahmanna ( 1984 ) , and Pelli Sandadi ( 1996 ) . He garnered the Filmfare Award for Best Director - Telugu for the drama film Prema Lekhalu ( 1977 ) , the super natural fantasy film , Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari ( 1990 ) , and the romance film Allari Priyudu ( 1993 ) . Rao is known for his works in hagiographical films such as Annamayya ( 1997 ) , which won two National Film Awards , and was also showcased at the 1998 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section . Rao also received the Nandi Award for Best Direction , the Filmfare Award for Best Direction for his work in the film . His other hagiographic works such as Sri Manjunatha ( 2001 ) , Sri Ramadasu ( 2006 ) , Shirdi Sai ( 2012 ) and Om Namo Venkatesaya ( 2017 ) , received several state honors . His mainstream works such as the 1987 Social problem film Agni Putrudu , and the 1988 action thriller Aakhari Poratam , were screened at the 11th and 12th International Film Festival of India respectively in the mainstream section . In 1992 , he directed the melodrama Gharana Mogudu , premiered at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section , which became the first Telugu film to gross over ₹ 10 crore at the box office . Next , he directed the instant hit Allari Priyudu , which was also premiered at the 1994 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section .'}]}, {'value': '04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bavagaru Bagunnara ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bavagaru_Bagunnara?', 'summary': 'Bavagaru Bagunnara ( Telugu : బావగారూ బాగున్నారా , English : Brother-in-law , Are You Fine ? ) is a Telugu romantic comedy-drama film which released on 9 April 1998 and was produced by Nagendra Babu . The film stars Chiranjeevi , Rambha and Paresh Rawal and was inspired by the Hollywood movie A Walk in the Clouds . The film was recorded as a Super Hit at the box office . In 2000 , the film was remade into a Bollywood film as Kunwara , starring Govinda and Urmila Matondkar and also in Bangladesh as Jamai Shashur , starring Riaz and Purnima . The film was dubbed into Tamil as Muradan and into Hindi as No . 1 Mard .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiranjeevi , Rambha , Rachana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiranjeevi', 'summary': "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad ( born 22 August 1955 ) , better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi , is an Indian film actor and politician . He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism , Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014 . Prior to politics , Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil , Kannada , and Hindi films . He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu . However , Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office . Known for his breakdancing skills , Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films . In 1987 , he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film . In the same year , Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards . In 1988 , he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration . Chiranjeevi 's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu , directed by K. Raghavendra Rao , is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office . The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rambha_(actress)', 'summary': "Vijayalakshmi Yeedi ( born 5 June 1976 ) , better known as Rambha , is an Indian film actress . Throughout her career , Rambha acted in many Indian films and worked across seven regional languages , while appearing alongside most of India 's leading actors ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rachana_Banerjee', 'summary': 'Rachna Banerjee , also known as Rachana Banerjee , is an Indian film actress who has appeared predominantly in Bengali and Odia films along with several films in Telugu , Tamil & Kannada.She was 1990 Miss Kolkata and has won five beauty contests in India . She won Miss Beautiful Smile at the Miss India contest .'}]}, {'value': 'Jayanth C. Paranjee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jayanth_C._Paranjee', 'summary': 'Jayanth C. Paranji is an Indian film director known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema . He introduced Bollywood actresses : Preity Zinta , Aishwarya Rai , Nauheed Cyrusi , Lisa Ray , Anjala Zaveri , and Bipasha Basu to the Telugu screen . He has directed films across multiple genres with the fab four of Telugu Film Industry Balakrishna , Nagarjuna , Venkatesh and Chiranjeevi .'}]}, {'value': '05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kouravudu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Konidela Nagendra Babu , Ramya Krishnan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konidela_Nagendra_Babu', 'summary': 'Konidela Nagendra Babu , commonly known as Naga Babu , is an Indian actor and producer associated with the Telugu film industry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ramya_Krishnan', 'summary': "Ramya Krishnan ( born 15 September 1970 ) , is an Indian film actress . She has acted in over 200 films in five languages : Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam and Hindi . Ramya has won four Filmfare Awards , three Nandi Awards and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award . She is credited as Ramya Krishna in the Telugu and Kannada film industries . She is known for playing Neelambari in Padayappa which also won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil . She also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Telugu for the 2009 dramedy Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam . Ramya 's portrayal of Sivagami Devi in the Baahubali series ( 2015-17 ) received universal acclaim . While Baahubali : The Beginning ( 2015 ) is the sixth highest grossing Indian film , its sequel Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion ( 2017 ) is the second highest grossing Indian film of all time . Her performance in Baahubali : The Beginning also won her the Best Supporting Actress - Telugu at the 2016 Filmfare Awards and Best Supporting Actress at Nandi Awards by Government of Andhra Pradesh ."}]}, {'value': 'Jyoti Kumar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gudumba Shankar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gudumba_Shankar', 'summary': 'Gudumba Shankar is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by Veera Shankar Bairisetty , cinematography by Chota K. Naidu and produced by Nagendra Babu . Pawan Kalyan played the lead role as Gudumba Shankar while Meera Jasmine , Ashish Vidyarthi , and Sayaji Shinde played other vital roles . The music was scored by Mani Sharma . It was dubbed in Hindi as Main Hoon Chaalbaaz . The film recorded as Average at box office .'}]}, {'value': 'Pawan Kalyan , Meera Jasmine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pawan_Kalyan', 'summary': 'Konidela Kalyan Babu , better known by his stage name Pawan Kalyan , is an Indian film actor , producer , director , screenwriter , writer , stunt coordinator , playback singer , choreographer , philanthropist and politician . His film works are predominantly in Telugu cinema . He is the youngest brother of popular actor Chiranjeevi . Pawan Kalyan made his acting debut in the 1996 Telugu film Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi . In 1998 , he starred in Tholi Prema , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that year . He is known for his works in the films Gokulamlo Seetha , Suswagatam , Tholi Prema , Thammudu , Badri , Kushi , Jalsa and Gabbar Singh , for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu , and Attarintiki Daredi , which became one of the highest grossing Telugu films of all time . He was listed 26th in 2013 , 69th in 2017 and 24th in 2018 respectively in the Forbes India list of top 100 Celebrities . He produces films under the banners Anjana Productions and Pawan Kalyan Creative Works . In March 2014 he entered into politics , founding the Jana Sena Party . During that period , Pawan Kalyan was listed by Google as the most searched Indian celebrity politician on Google Search . Pawan Kalyan was widely known for his philanthropic work . He founded a charitable trust called Common Man Protection Force ( CMPF ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Meera_Jasmine', 'summary': 'Meera Jasmine ( born Jasmine Mary Joseph on 15 February 1982 ) is an Indian actress who appears in South Indian films , primarily Malayalam and Tamil films . She was a popular lead actress during the 2000s . Meera Jasmine won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2004 for her role in Paadam Onnu : Oru Vilapam , and is a two-time recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress and a Tamil Nadu State Film Award . She also won the Kalaimamani Award from the Government of Tamil Nadu . The Hindu called her one of the few actors who could hold her own amongst stars and thespians in Malayalam cinema .'}]}, {'value': 'Veera Shankar Bairisetty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veera_Shankar_Bairisetty', 'summary': 'Veera Shankar Bairisetty ( Telugu : వీర శంకర్ బైరిశెట్టి ) is a Telugu film director and music coordinator .'}]}, {'value': '07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radha Gopalam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Radha_Gopalam', 'summary': "Radha Gopalam ( Telugu : రాధ గోపాలం ) is a 2005 Telugu film which stars Srikanth and Sneha , based on the Hollywood movie , Adam 's Rib . This film was directed by Bapu and music was by Mani Sharma . The performances of Srikanth and Sneha were critically applauded . Sneha won the prestigious Nandi Special Jury Award for her performance in the movie . The movie opened to outstanding reviews by critics and it was a box office hit ."}]}, {'value': 'Srikanth , Sneha , Brahmanandam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Srikanth_(Telugu_actor)', 'summary': 'Srikanth ( born 23 March 1968 ) is an Indian film actor , who is known for works predominantly in Telugu cinema . He has received two state Nandi Awards , and one Filmfare Award South . [ citation needed ] He has starred in films like Swarabhishekam , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for 2004 , and Virodhi , premiered in Indian panorama section , at the 2011 International Film Festival of India . Sri Rama Rajyam also had a special screening at International Film Festival of India on 28 November 2011 . Srikanth chowdary collaborated with film directors like S.V . Krishna Reddy , Krishna Vamsi , Jayanth C. Paranjee , G. Neelakanta Reddy , EVV Satyanarayana and K. Viswanath to give hits like Varasudu , Vinodam , Egire Paavurama , Aahvaanam , Maa Nannaki Pelli , Khadgam , Shankar Dada M.B.B.S. , Pellam Oorelithe , Yemandoi Srivaru , Kshemamga Velli Labamgarandi , Oh Chinadana , Shankar Dada Zindabad , Operation Duryodhana , Mahatma , and Govindudu Andarivadele .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sneha_(actress)', 'summary': "Suhasini Rajaram , known by her stage name , Sneha ( born 12 October 1981 ) , is an Indian film actress , who works in the South Indian film industry . She debuted in the Malayalam film Ingane Oru Nilapakshi ( 2000 ) , directed by Anil - Babu and was later signed for the Tamil film Virumbugiren , though it was only released two years later . She started getting offers in Tamil and moved her focus to Kollywood ; and the movie Ennavale , where she starred opposite R. Madhavan , was released first in the same year . She had her first commercial success with Aanandham in the year 2001 . She became one of Tamil cinema 's contemporary lead actresses in the 2000s , following appearances in several commercially successful films . She debuted in Telugu in the year 2001 with the film Priyamaina Neeku , which was a commercial success . Following this , she appeared in some Tollywood films . She also appeared in Malayalam films such as Thuruppu Gulan , Shikkar , The Hunt , Pramaani , and The Great Father . She has also appeared in a few Kannada language films . She has won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress - Tamil for her performance in Unnai Ninaithu ( Autograph ) ( 2002 ) , Vijay Award for Best Actress , Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress twice , in 2001 for her performances in the films Virumbugiren , Aanandham and Punnagai Desam ; and later for Pirivom Santhippom ( 2008 ) . She has also won Nandi Special Jury Award for her performance in the movie Radha Gopalam ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brahmanandam', 'summary': 'Brahmanandam Kanneganti ( born 1 February 1956 ) is an Indian film actor and comedian , known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema . He currently holds the Guinness World Record for the most screen credits for a living actor . He was honoured with the Padma Shri , for his contribution to Indian cinema in 2009 . Brahmanandam is regarded as one of the finest comic actors of India , noted particularly for his comic expressions . He has acted in more than 1,000 films to date and has been one of the most highly paid comedy actors in Indian Cinema . Brahmanandam has garnered five state Nandi Awards , one Filmfare Award South , six CineMAA Awards , and three South Indian International Movie Awards for best comedy .'}]}, {'value': 'Bapu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bapu_(film_director)', 'summary': "Sattiraju Lakshmi Narayana ( 15 December 1933 - 31 August 2014 ) , known professionally as Bapu , was an Indian film director , painter , illustrator , cartoonist , screenwriter , music artist , and designer known for his works in Telugu cinema , and bollywood . In 2013 , he was awarded the Padma Shri , for his contribution to Indian art and cinema . Bapu 's directorial venture Saakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968 . Seeta Kalyanam was screened at the BFI London Film Festival , Chicago International Film Festival , San Reno and Denver International Film Festivals in 1978 , and is part of the course at the British Film Institute . Tyagayya ( 1981 ) and Pelli Pustakam ( 1991 ) were premiered at the Indian Panorama of the International Film Festival of India . Bapu 's 2011 film , Sri Rama Rajyam , had a special screening at International Film Festival of India on 28 November 2011 . He has garnered two National Honors , two National Film Awards , seven state Nandi Awards , two Filmfare Awards South best Telugu director , and a Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South for the year 2012 . In 1996 , he appeared in the Doordarshan Documentary Eminent Cartoonists of India , and was awarded Life Time Achievement from Indian Institute of Cartoonists in 2001 . He gained international recognition through his art works viz. , Bapu Bomma , The Navarasas , and the Indian Dances etc. , which were held at the National Film Theatre , London , in 1978 and at the innumerable Telugu Conferences in the United States . He has worked as a graphic artist for J Walter Thomson , Efficient Publicities and F. D. Stewarts , Chennai . In 1964 , he was a delegate at the UNESCO sponsored seminar in Bangalore on Children 's Books . The same year , he gave demonstrations for the training course programme on book illustrations and cover designs sponsored by UNESCO in Chennai ."}]}, {'value': '08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stalin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stalin_(2006_film)', 'summary': 'Stalin is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by A. R. Murugadoss . It stars Chiranjeevi and Trisha in the lead roles , while an ensemble cast including Prakash Raj , Sharada , Khushboo , Pradeep Rawat , and Brahmanandam in supporting roles . The film was a super hit at the box office . The film was screened at the International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section . The film was later dubbed in Hindi under the same name . The film was remade into Hindi titled , Jai Ho , directed by Sohail Khan , starring Salman Khan , Daisy Shah , and Tabu . The film released on 20 September 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiranjeevi , Trisha , Khushboo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiranjeevi', 'summary': "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad ( born 22 August 1955 ) , better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi , is an Indian film actor and politician . He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism , Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014 . Prior to politics , Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil , Kannada , and Hindi films . He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu . However , Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office . Known for his breakdancing skills , Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films . In 1987 , he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film . In the same year , Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards . In 1988 , he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration . Chiranjeevi 's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu , directed by K. Raghavendra Rao , is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹10 crore at the box office . The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trisha_(actress)', 'summary': 'Trisha Krishnan ( born 4 May 1983 ) , known mononymously as Trisha , is an Indian film actress and model , who primarily works in Tamil and Telugu language films . She was noticed after winning several beauty pageants like the Miss Madras contest ( 1999 ) , which marked her entry into filmdom . After appearing in a supporting role in the 1999 Tamil film Jodi , she had her first lead role in the 2002 film Mounam Pesiyadhe . She later rose to fame starring in the successful films , Saamy ( 2003 ) and Ghilli ( 2004 ) in Tamil cinema and Varsham ( 2004 ) in Telugu cinema , for which she secured her first South Filmfare Best Actress Award . She went on to win the award two more times for Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana ( 2005 ) and Aadavari Matalaku Ardhalu Verule ( 2007 ) . In 2010 , she made her Bollywood début in Khatta Meetha . She was seen in her career best performances in Abhiyum Naanum ( 2008 ) , Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa ( 2010 ) for which she won Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine and was nominated for Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kushboo_Sundar', 'summary': 'Khushbu Sundar is an Indian film actress , producer and television presenter who has acted in more than 200 movies . She is predominantly known for her work in the South Indian film industry . She has received two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for Best Actress and one Kerala State Film Award - Special Mention .'}]}, {'value': 'A. R. Murugadoss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Murugadoss', 'summary': 'Murugadoss Arunasalam , commonly known by his stage name AR Murugadoss , is an Indian film director , producer , and screenwriter who predominantly works in the Tamil Film Industry . He is best known for his action Tamil films and Telugu films and for remaking them in Hindi cinema . Murugadoss won the Filmfare Award for Best Director for his 2014 Tamil action-drama film Kaththi .'}]}, {'value': '09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orange_(2010_Telugu_film)', 'summary': "Orange is a 2010 Telugu romantic comedy-drama film directed by Bhaskar in his third venture after Bommarillu and Parugu . The film features Ram Charan , Genelia D'Souza , and Shazahn Padamsee in the lead roles , while Sanchita Shetty , Prabhu , and Prakash Raj play supporting roles . The film , whose music was composed by Harris Jayaraj , began the first schedule in February 2010 , and was released on 26 November 2010 . Orange created first day all time record in Tollywood , and the album of this movie became a classic . Though the movie did not do well at the box office , it has gained cult status from fans who appreciated its new-age love story ."}]}, {'value': "Ram Charan , Genelia D'Souza , Shazahn Padamsee", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ram_Charan_Teja', 'summary': "Ram Charan ( born 27 March 1985 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , and entrepreneur who works in Telugu cinema . He is one of the most popular and influential actors in Tollywood and has featured in Forbes India 's Celebrity 100 list since 2013 . Charan is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards , two Nandi Awards , two CineMAA Awards , and two Santosham Best Actor Awards . The son of actor Chiranjeevi and Surekha , Charan made his acting debut in the successful action film Chirutha ( 2007 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut - South . Charan rose to prominence with a starring role opposite Kajal Aggarwal in S.S. Rajamouli 's fantasy action film Magadheera ( 2009 ) , which is one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of all time . He won several accolades for this film , including the Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu . Charan established himself as a leading Tollywood actor with the commercially successful films such as Racha ( 2012 ) , Naayak ( 2013 ) , Yevadu ( 2014 ) , Dhruva ( 2016 ) and Rangasthalam ( 2018 ) , which ranks as his highest-grossing release . He won his second Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu for his performance in Rangasthalam . In 2016 , Charan established his own production house , the Konidela Production Company , under which he produces films . Beyond his film career , he owns the polo team Ram Charan Hyderabad Polo Riding Club ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Genelia_D'Souza", 'summary': "Genelia Deshmukh ( née D'Souza ; born 5 August 1987 ) is an Indian film actress and model . She has appeared in Telugu , Hindi , Tamil , Kannada and Malayalam films . After gaining wide attention in a Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan , Genelia began her acting career with the box-office hit Tujhe Meri Kasam in 2003 . She was recognized for her role in Boys the same year , and later established herself in Telugu cinema by acting in several Telugu films during 2003-2012 . Genelia received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the Telugu romantic film , Bommarillu , which earned her critical acclaim . In 2008 , she gave critically acclaimed performances in Santosh Subramaniam , a Tamil remake of Bommarillu , and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu . Ya Jaane Na . Having acted in several commercially successful movies in Telugu and Tamil , Genelia has established herself as one of the leading actresses of the South Indian film industry . In addition to mainstream acting , Genelia has hosted the television show Big Switch , and has been the brand ambassador of Fanta , Virgin Mobile India , Fastrack , LG Mobiles , Garnier Light , Margo , and Perk in India ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shazahn_Padamsee', 'summary': "Shazahn Padamsee is an Indian film and stage actress , who has also worked as model . Daughter of noted actors Alyque Padamsee and Sharon Prabhakar , she made her first film appearance in the 2009 Hindi film Rocket Singh : Salesman of the Year . After her début film , she went on to appear in two non-Hindi Indian films , gaining credit from critics for her performance , before featuring in Madhur Bhandarkar 's Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji in a prominent role ."}]}, {'value': 'Bhaskar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhaskar_(director)', 'summary': "Bhaskar , popularly known as Bommarillu Bhaskar , is a Telugu film director . In his early career , he worked as associate director on films Bhadra and Arya . His directorial debut Bommarillu starring Siddarth Narayan and Genelia D'souza was a blockbuster , which earned him two Nandi Awards , for best debut director and best original screenplay . His next venture , Parugu starring Allu Arjun was a box office hit . Orange starring Ram Charan was his next film , which gained mixed response . His fourth film was Ongole Githa a revenge drama which was a box office and critical failure . His latest Tamil film Bangalore Naatkal starring Arya , Rana Daggubati , Samantha Ruth Prabhu , Sri Divya , Bobby Simha was released in 2016 and had mixeashok . He was born in Vellore , Tamil Nadu and was a student of the Film and Television Institute of Tamil Nadu , Chennai ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Anjana_Productions_0', 'intro': 'Anjana Productions is an Indian Film entertainment production company established by Chiranjeevi and his son Ram Charan in the year 1988. The company ownership also include his brothers Naga Babu and Pawan Kalyan. The company was named after their mother K.Anjana Devi and the films produced by Anjana Productions credits their father K. Venkata Rao as the film Presenter. Anjana Productions is one of the noted Production companies in Telugu Cinema and is considered the home production company of Konidala Family (which includes actors Chiranjeevi, Nagendra Babu, Pawan Kalyan and Ram Charan).'}
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When was the 1994 film released ?
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7 January 1994
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032dda77c15ca5e1
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_in_Sri_Lanka', 'title': 'Provincial government in Sri Lanka', 'header': ['code', 'Provincial Council', 'Area ( km² )', 'Population', 'Province', 'Website'], 'data': [{'value': 'CPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Provincial_Council', 'summary': "The Central Province ( Sinhala : මධ්\u200dයම පළාත Madhyama Palata , Tamil : மத்திய மாகாணம் Madhiya Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . ( The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . ) The Central Province is primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka . It is the 6th largest province by area and is home to 2.5 million people . It is bordered by North Central Province to the north , Uva Province to the east , North Western Province to the west and Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west . The province 's capital is Kandy . The cities of Matale and Nuwara Eliya are in the Central Province . The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea , planted by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all the coffee plantations in the province . The Central Province attracts many tourists , with hill station towns such as Gampola , Hatton and Nuwara Eliya ."}]}, {'value': '5,674', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,556,774', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Central Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "The Central Province ( Sinhala : මධ්\u200dයම පළාත Madhyama Palata , Tamil : மத்திய மாகாணம் Madhiya Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . ( The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . ) The Central Province is primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka . It is the 6th largest province by area and is home to 2.5 million people . It is bordered by North Central Province to the north , Uva Province to the east , North Western Province to the west and Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west . The province 's capital is Kandy . The cities of Matale and Nuwara Eliya are in the Central Province . The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea , planted by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all the coffee plantations in the province . The Central Province attracts many tourists , with hill station towns such as Gampola , Hatton and Nuwara Eliya ."}]}, {'value': 'cp.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Provincial_Council', 'summary': 'The Eastern Provincial Council ( EPC ; Tamil : கிழக்கு மாகாண சபை Kiḻakku Mākāṇa Capai ; EPC ) is the provincial council for the Eastern Province in Sri Lanka . In accordance with the Sri Lankan constitution , EPC has legislative power over a variety of matters including agriculture , education , health , housing , local government , planning , road transport and social services . The constitution also gives it powers over police and land but successive central governments have refused to devolve these powers to the provinces . EPC has 37 members elected using the open list proportional representation system .'}]}, {'value': '9,996', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,547,377', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastern Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': 'The Eastern Province ( Tamil : கிழக்கு மாகாணம் Kiḻakku Mākāṇam ; Sinhala : නැගෙනහිර පළාත Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province . The capital of the province is Trincomalee .'}]}, {'value': 'ep.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NCPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Central_Provincial_Council', 'summary': 'North Central Province ( Sinhala : උතුරු මැද පළාත Uturumeda Palata , Tamil : வட மத்திய மாகாணம் Wada Maththiya Maakaanam ) is a province of Sri Lanka . Its capital is Anuradhapura . The province is not densely populated , and it has a weak economy as the land tends to be dry tropical woodlands .'}]}, {'value': '10,714', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,259,421', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Central Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': 'North Central Province ( Sinhala : උතුරු මැද පළාත Uturumeda Palata , Tamil : வட மத்திய மாகாணம் Wada Maththiya Maakaanam ) is a province of Sri Lanka . Its capital is Anuradhapura . The province is not densely populated , and it has a weak economy as the land tends to be dry tropical woodlands .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Provincial_Council', 'summary': 'Northern Provincial Council ( Tamil : வட மாகாண சபை Vaṭa Mākāṇa Capai ; NPC ) is the provincial council for the Northern Province in Sri Lanka . In accordance with the Sri Lankan constitution , NPC has legislative power over a variety of matters including agriculture , education , health , housing , local government , planning , road transport and social services . The constitution also gives it powers over police and land but successive central governments have refused to devolve these powers to the provinces . NPC has 38 members elected using the open list proportional representation system .'}]}, {'value': '8,884', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,060,023', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': 'The Northern Province ( Tamil : வட மாகாணம் Vaṭa Mākāṇam ; Sinhala : උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province to form the North Eastern Province . The capital of the province is Jaffna . The majority of the Sri Lankan Civil War was played out in this province .'}]}, {'value': 'np.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NWPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Western', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Western_Provincial_Council', 'summary': 'North Western Province ( Sinhala : වයඹ පළාත Wayamba Palata , Tamil : வட மேல் மாகாணம் Vada Mael Maakaanam ) is a province of Sri Lanka . The province consists of the districts of Kurunegala and Puttalam . Its capital is Kurunegala , which has a population of 28,571 . The province is known mainly for its numerous coconut plantations . Other main towns in this province are Chilaw ( 24,712 ) and Puttalam ( 45,661 ) , which are both small fishing towns . The majority of the population of Wayamba province is of Sinhalese ethnicity . There is also a substantial Sri Lankan Moor minority around Puttalam and Sri Lankan Tamils in Udappu and Munneswaram . Fishing , prawn farming and rubber tree plantations are other prominent industries of the region . The province has an area of 7,888 km² , and a population of 2,370,075 ( 2011 census ) .'}]}, {'value': '7,812', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,372,185', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Western Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': 'North Western Province ( Sinhala : වයඹ පළාත Wayamba Palata , Tamil : வட மேல் மாகாணம் Vada Mael Maakaanam ) is a province of Sri Lanka . The province consists of the districts of Kurunegala and Puttalam . Its capital is Kurunegala , which has a population of 28,571 . The province is known mainly for its numerous coconut plantations . Other main towns in this province are Chilaw ( 24,712 ) and Puttalam ( 45,661 ) , which are both small fishing towns . The majority of the population of Wayamba province is of Sinhalese ethnicity . There is also a substantial Sri Lankan Moor minority around Puttalam and Sri Lankan Tamils in Udappu and Munneswaram . Fishing , prawn farming and rubber tree plantations are other prominent industries of the region . The province has an area of 7,888 km² , and a population of 2,370,075 ( 2011 census ) .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SGPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabaragamuwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabaragamuwa_Provincial_Council', 'summary': 'The Sabaragamuwa Province , ( Sinhala : සබරගමුව පළාත Sabaragamuwa Palata , Tamil : சபரகமுவ மாகாணம் Sabaragamuwa Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . The Sabaragamuwa Province contains two districts : Ratnapura and Kegalle . It is named after its former indigenous inhabitants , namely the Sabara , an indic term for hunter-gatherer tribes , a term seldom used in ancient Sri Lanka . Sabaragamuwa University is in Belihuloya .'}]}, {'value': '4,902', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,919,478', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabaragamuwa Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabaragamuwa_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': 'The Sabaragamuwa Province , ( Sinhala : සබරගමුව පළාත Sabaragamuwa Palata , Tamil : சபரகமுவ மாகாணம் Sabaragamuwa Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . The Sabaragamuwa Province contains two districts : Ratnapura and Kegalle . It is named after its former indigenous inhabitants , namely the Sabara , an indic term for hunter-gatherer tribes , a term seldom used in ancient Sri Lanka . Sabaragamuwa University is in Belihuloya .'}]}, {'value': 'sg.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Provincial_Council', 'summary': "The Southern Province ( Sinhala : දකුණු පළාත Dakunu Palata , Tamil : தென் மாகாணம் Thaen Maakaanam ) of Sri Lanka is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . It is the 7th largest province by area and is home to 2.5 million people , the 3rd most populated province . The province is bordered by Sabaragamuwa Province and Uva Province to the North , Eastern Province to the Northeast , Western Province to the Northwest and the Indian Ocean to the South , West and East . The Province 's capital is Galle . The Southern Province is a small geographic area consisting of the districts of Galle , Matara and Hambantota . Subsistence farming and fishing is the main source of income for the vast majority of the people of this region . Government School education is primarily handled by the Southern Provincial Education Department ."}]}, {'value': '5,559', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,465,626', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "The Southern Province ( Sinhala : දකුණු පළාත Dakunu Palata , Tamil : தென் மாகாணம் Thaen Maakaanam ) of Sri Lanka is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . It is the 7th largest province by area and is home to 2.5 million people , the 3rd most populated province . The province is bordered by Sabaragamuwa Province and Uva Province to the North , Eastern Province to the Northeast , Western Province to the Northwest and the Indian Ocean to the South , West and East . The Province 's capital is Galle . The Southern Province is a small geographic area consisting of the districts of Galle , Matara and Hambantota . Subsistence farming and fishing is the main source of income for the vast majority of the people of this region . Government School education is primarily handled by the Southern Provincial Education Department ."}]}, {'value': 'spc.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uva_Provincial_Council', 'summary': "Uva Province ( Sinhala : ඌව පළාත Uva Palata , Tamil : ஊவா மாகாணம் Uva Maakaanam ) is Sri Lanka 's second least populated province , with 1,259,880 people , created in 1896 . It consists of two districts : Badulla and Moneragala . The provincial capital is Badulla . Uva is bordered by Eastern , Southern , Sabaragamuwa and Central provinces . Its major tourist attractions are Dunhinda falls , Diyaluma Falls , Rawana Falls , the Yala National Park ( lying partly in the Southern and Eastern Provinces ) and Gal Oya National Park ( lying partly in the Eastern Province ) . The Gal Oya hills and the Central mountains are the main uplands , while the Mahaweli ( Sinhalese : great-sandy ) and Menik ( Sinhalese : gemstone ) rivers and the huge Senanayake Samudraya and Maduru Oya Reservoirs are the major waterways ."}]}, {'value': '8,488', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,259,419', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uva Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uva_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "Uva Province ( Sinhala : ඌව පළාත Uva Palata , Tamil : ஊவா மாகாணம் Uva Maakaanam ) is Sri Lanka 's second least populated province , with 1,259,880 people , created in 1896 . It consists of two districts : Badulla and Moneragala . The provincial capital is Badulla . Uva is bordered by Eastern , Southern , Sabaragamuwa and Central provinces . Its major tourist attractions are Dunhinda falls , Diyaluma Falls , Rawana Falls , the Yala National Park ( lying partly in the Southern and Eastern Provinces ) and Gal Oya National Park ( lying partly in the Eastern Province ) . The Gal Oya hills and the Central mountains are the main uplands , while the Mahaweli ( Sinhalese : great-sandy ) and Menik ( Sinhalese : gemstone ) rivers and the huge Senanayake Samudraya and Maduru Oya Reservoirs are the major waterways ."}]}, {'value': 'up.gov.lk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WPC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Provincial_Council', 'summary': "The Western Province ( Sinhala : බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnahira Palata ; Tamil : மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . The province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well to Colombo , the nation 's administrative and business center ."}]}, {'value': '3,709', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,837,294', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "The Western Province ( Sinhala : බස්නාහිර පළාත Basnahira Palata ; Tamil : மேல் மாகாணம் Mael Maakaanam ) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka , the first level administrative division of the country . The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils . The province is the most densely populated province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte as well to Colombo , the nation 's administrative and business center ."}]}, {'value': 'wpc.gov.lk', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Summary', 'section_text': 'Southern PCSabaragamuwa PCWestern PCUva PCCentral PCNorth Western PCNorth Central PCEastern PCNorthern PC Locations of Provincial councils', 'uid': 'Provincial_councils_of_Sri_Lanka_0', 'intro': 'Provincial governments of Sri Lanka are the devolved governments of the nine Provinces of Sri Lanka. In accordance with the Sri Lankan constitution, provinces have legislative power over a variety of matters including agriculture, education, health, housing, local government, planning, road transport and social services. The constitution also gives them powers over police and land but successive central governments have refused to devolve these powers to the provinces.'}
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What is the website for the province that has two national parks ?
|
up.gov.lk
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032e8b311c5da03c
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'title': 'Austria at the 1952 Winter Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Othmar Schneider', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Othmar_Schneider', 'summary': 'Othmar Schneider ( 27 August 1928 - 25 December 2012 ) was an Austrian Alpine skier and Olympic champion . Schneider was born in Lech am Arlberg . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , he was the gold medalist in the slalom and the silver medalist in the downhill .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trude Beiser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trude_Beiser', 'summary': 'Trude Beiser ( after her marriage Trude Jochum-Beiser ; born 2 September 1927 ) is a former alpine ski racer from Austria . Born in Lech am Arlberg in Vorarlberg , she won two Olympic gold medals and a world championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Othmar Schneider', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Othmar_Schneider', 'summary': 'Othmar Schneider ( 27 August 1928 - 25 December 2012 ) was an Austrian Alpine skier and Olympic champion . Schneider was born in Lech am Arlberg . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , he was the gold medalist in the slalom and the silver medalist in the downhill .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Pravda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Pravda', 'summary': 'Christian Pravda ( March 8 , 1927 - November 11 , 1994 ) was an alpine ski racer . He was born in Kufstein , Austria . At age 20 , he participated in the 1948 Winter Olympics in the slalom , but was disqualified . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , Pravda won two medals : silver in giant slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill . Pravda won the prestigious Hahnenkamm downhill twice , in 1951 and 1954 . He also won the Wengen downhill in 1954 , the first of only ten racers to win both of these classic downhills in the same year .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's giant slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dagmar Rom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dagmar_Rom', 'summary': "Dagmar Rom ( born 16 June 1928 ) is a former alpine ski racer from Austria . At age 21 she won two gold medals at the 1950 World Championships in Aspen , Colorado , in the slalom and giant slalom events . Two years later she won a silver medal in the giant slalom at the 1952 Olympics . In 1950/51 Rom did not take part in international races . With Egon Schöpf , her partner in life , she established a business with sporting goods in Seefeld . Because her popularity she got a leading role in the film Nacht am Mont Blanc ( Night on the Mont Blanc ) shot by Harald Reinl . Because winning two titles in the Championships of Austrian Skiing Association in the early days of the year 1952 she was qualified for the Olympic Games in Oslo . Directly after the Games she married Mr. Günter Peis , a journalist , and having a child in the same year . She did n't take part in races in the following years . She made a comeback in the winter 1954/55 and could finish 6th in the Slalom of Kitzbühel . But becoming a mother once more in 1955 , she ended her sports career . In the 1960s she starred in the Austrian television series Mario , together with her son ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's giant slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hellmut Seibt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hellmut_Seibt', 'summary': 'Hellmut Seibt ( born 25 June 1929 - 21 July 1992 ) was an Austrian figure skater . He was the 1952 Olympic silver medalist , 1951 World bronze medalist , a two-time European champion ( 1951-52 ) , and three-time national champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1952 Winter Olympics , three figure skating events were contested . Compulsory figures were skated at the outdoor Jordal Amfi rink , while the free skating portions of the competition were held at the huge Bislett Stadion , on a regulation-sized ice surface set inside the speed skating track . The competition opened with the ladies ' figures on February 16 and 17 , followed by the men 's figures on February 19 and then the three free skating events for ladies , men , and pairs . Somewhat unusually for competitions of this era , there were no particular problems with bad weather or poor ice conditions at the outdoor rinks . At this competition , Dick Button won his second Olympic title , and also became the first skater to land a triple jump -a triple loop jump- in competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's individual", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Pravda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Pravda', 'summary': 'Christian Pravda ( March 8 , 1927 - November 11 , 1994 ) was an alpine ski racer . He was born in Kufstein , Austria . At age 20 , he participated in the 1948 Winter Olympics in the slalom , but was disqualified . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , Pravda won two medals : silver in giant slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill . Pravda won the prestigious Hahnenkamm downhill twice , in 1951 and 1954 . He also won the Wengen downhill in 1954 , the first of only ten racers to win both of these classic downhills in the same year .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toni Spiess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Spiess', 'summary': 'Toni Spiss ( April 8 , 1930 - March 20 , 1993 ) was an Austrian alpine skier . He was born and died in Sankt Anton am Arlberg . At the 1952 Olympics in Oslo Spiss was bronze medalist in the giant slalom , 3.8 seconds behind gold winner Stein Eriksen .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's giant slalom", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Austria_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Austria competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.'}
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What was the year of birth of the gold medalist in men 's slalom alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics ?
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1928
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032efd99c6714967
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships', 'title': 'FIL World Luge Championships', 'header': ['Season', 'Winner', 'Runner-up', 'Third'], 'data': [{'value': '1955 Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1955', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1955 took place in Oslo , Norway under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing ( FIBT - International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation in ( in French ) ) under their Section de Luge . It would be the only world championship under the FIBT until formation of the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anton Salvesen ( NOR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Salvesen', 'summary': "Anton Salvesen ( born 24 October 1927 ) is a Norwegian luger who competed in the 1950s . At the inaugural event at the FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955 , he won the gold medal in the men 's singles event ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Thaler ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Thaler', 'summary': "Josef Thaler is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s . He won two medals at the inaugural event at the FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955 with a gold in the men 's doubles and a silver in the men 's singles events . Thaler also won a bronze medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1956 European luge championships in Imst , Austria ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Isser ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Isser', 'summary': "Josef Pepi Isser is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s . He won two medals at the inaugural event at the FIL World Luge Championships in Oslo in 1955 with a silver in the men 's doubles and a bronze in the men 's singles events . His silver in the men 's doubles was with his sister Maria marked the only time a woman ever won a medal in a men 's event at a World Championships , Winter Olympics , or European Championships until the debut of a mixed team event at both the European and World Championships in the late 1980s . Isser also won four medals at the European luge championships with two golds ( Men 's singles : 1956 , Men 's doubles : 1954 ) , one silver ( Men 's doubles : 1951 ) , and one bronze ( Men 's bronze : 1952 ) . In bobsleigh , Isser won three medals at the FIBT World Championships with one silver ( Two-man : 1955 ) and two bronzes ( Two-man : 1958 , Four-man : 1962 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1957 Davos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1957', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1957 took place in Davos , Switzerland . It marked the first time the event was held under the auspices of the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) which was formed earlier that year . Also , it was the first time the championships had been held after being cancelled the previous year .'}]}, {'value': 'Hans Schaller ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Schaller', 'summary': "Hans Schaller is a West German luger who competed in the 1950s . He won the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1957 FIL World Luge Championships in Davos , Switzerland ."}]}, {'value': 'Bibi Torriani ( SUI )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bibi_Torriani', 'summary': "Richard Bibi Riccardo Torriani ( 1 October 1911 - 3 September 1988 ) was a Swiss ice hockey player and coach , and luge athlete . He played for HC Davos from 1929 to 1950 , and served as captain of the Switzerland men 's national ice hockey team from 1933 to 1939 . He scored 105 goals in 111 international matches for the national team , won two bronze medals in ice hockey at the Olympic Games and won an additional four medals at the Ice Hockey World Championships . Playing for HC Davos , he won 18 Swiss championships and six Spengler Cups . He was chosen as the flag bearer for Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics , and recited the Olympic Oath at the same games hosted in St. Moritz . He later served as head coach of the Switzerland and Italy men 's national ice hockey teams , and led EHC Visp to a National League A championship . He won a silver medal competing in men 's singles at the FIL World Luge Championships 1957 held in Davos , Switzerland . He is considered the best Swiss ice hockey player ever , and was inducted into the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997 . He is the namesake of the Torriani Award , given by the International Ice Hockey Federation since 2015 to recognize a player for a great international playing career ."}]}, {'value': 'Errich Raffl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Errich_Raffl', 'summary': "Errich Raffl ( sometimes shown as Erich Raffl ) is an Austrian luger who competed in the 1950s . At the 1957 FIL World Luge Championships in Davos , Switzerland , he won bronze medals both in the men 's singles and men 's doubles event . Raffl also won three medals at the European luge championships with one silver ( Men 's doubles : 1956 ) and two bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1956 , Men 's doubles : 1953 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1958 Krynica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1958', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1958 took place in Krynica , Poland .'}]}, {'value': 'Jerzy Wojnar ( POL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerzy_Wojnar', 'summary': "Jerzy Wojnar ( October 7 , 1930 in Lwów - February 2 , 2005 in Warsaw ) was a Polish pilot and luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s . He won the three medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with two golds ( 1958 , 1961 ) and one silver ( 1962 ) . Wojnar competed in two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of eighth in the men 's singles event at Grenoble in 1968 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ryszard Pędrak-Janowicz ( POL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryszard_Pędrak-Janowicz', 'summary': "Ryszard Pędrak-Janowicz ( 17 May 1932 , in Lwów - 1 February 2004 , in Kraków ) is a Polish luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s . He won a complete set of medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in the men 's doubles ( 1963 ) , a silver in the men 's singles ( 1958 ) and a bronze in the men 's doubles event ( 1958 ) . Pędrak-Janowicz competed in the 1964 Winter Olympics where he finished tied for fifth in the men 's doubles event ."}]}, {'value': 'Reinhold Frosch ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reinhold_Frosch', 'summary': "Reinhold Frosch ( 9 April 1935 - 14 February 2012 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s . He won a complete set of medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in the men 's doubles ( 1960 ) , a silver in the men 's singles event ( 1960 ) , and a bronze in the men 's singles event ( 1958 ) . Frosch also won a bronze medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1962 FIL European Luge Championships in Weissenbach , Austria ."}]}, {'value': '1959 Villard-de-Lans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1959', 'summary': "The FIL World Luge Championships 1959 took place in Villard-de-Lans , France . The men 's doubles event was cancelled to poor weather conditions . It was the first time an event has been entirely cancelled in the history of the World Championships , European Championships , or Winter Olympics , but its happened again at the World Championships 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Herbert Thaler ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_Thaler', 'summary': "Herbert Thaler ( born 22 January 1940 in Imst ) is an Austrian luger who competed from the late 1950s to the early 1960s . He won two medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in the men 's singles ( 1959 ) and a silver in the men 's doubles event ( 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Feistmantl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Feistmantl', 'summary': 'Josef Feistmantl ( 23 February 1939 - 10 March 2019 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'David Moroder ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Moroder', 'summary': 'David Moroder ( born 28 January 1931 in Ortisei in Val Gardena - died 10 March 1997 ) was an Italian luger and sculptor .'}]}, {'value': '1960 Garmisch-Partenkirchen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1960', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1960 took place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen , West Germany . This was an extraordinary event because a luge track was not constructed for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Helmut Berndt ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helmut_Berndt', 'summary': "Ernst Helmut Berndt ( 17 June 1915 in Liberec - 30 April 1990 in Seesen ) was a Sudeten German-Czechoslovak athlete who competed in both track and field and luge . As a hurdler he represented Czechoslovakia at the 1936 Summer Olympics . He moved to Lower Saxony after World War II and took up luge . Competing for West Germany , he became the German national champion in 1958 before winning the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1960 FIL World Luge Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen ."}]}, {'value': 'Reinhold Frosch ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reinhold_Frosch', 'summary': "Reinhold Frosch ( 9 April 1935 - 14 February 2012 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s . He won a complete set of medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in the men 's doubles ( 1960 ) , a silver in the men 's singles event ( 1960 ) , and a bronze in the men 's singles event ( 1958 ) . Frosch also won a bronze medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1962 FIL European Luge Championships in Weissenbach , Austria ."}]}, {'value': 'Hans Plenk ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Plenk', 'summary': "Hans Plenk ( born 21 February 1938 ) was a West German luger who competed during the 1960s . He was born in Berchtesgaden . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . Plenk won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four medals in the men 's singles ( gold : 1965 , silver : 1961 , 1963 ; bronze : 1960 ) and one in the men 's doubles event ( bronze : 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1961 Girenbad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1961', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1961 took place in Girenbad , Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Jerzy Wojnar ( POL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerzy_Wojnar', 'summary': "Jerzy Wojnar ( October 7 , 1930 in Lwów - February 2 , 2005 in Warsaw ) was a Polish pilot and luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s . He won the three medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with two golds ( 1958 , 1961 ) and one silver ( 1962 ) . Wojnar competed in two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of eighth in the men 's singles event at Grenoble in 1968 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hans Plenk ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Plenk', 'summary': "Hans Plenk ( born 21 February 1938 ) was a West German luger who competed during the 1960s . He was born in Berchtesgaden . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . Plenk won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four medals in the men 's singles ( gold : 1965 , silver : 1961 , 1963 ; bronze : 1960 ) and one in the men 's doubles event ( bronze : 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Reinhold Senn ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reinhold_Senn', 'summary': "Reinhold Senn ( born in Imst on December 6 , 1936 ) was an Austrian luger who competed during the 1960s . Senn won the silver medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . At the 1961 FIL World Luge Championships in Girenbad , Switzerland , Senn won bronze medals in the men 's singles and men 's doubles event . He won a silver medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1967 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany ."}]}, {'value': '1962 Krynica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1962', 'summary': "The FIL World Luge Championships 1962 took place in Krynica , Poland . This was the city 's second time hosting the event , doing so previously in 1958 ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Köhler ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Köhler', 'summary': "Thomas Köhler ( born 25 June 1940 ) is an East German former luger who competed during the 1960s . He won three Winter Olympic medals in men 's luge with two golds ( Singles : 1964 , Doubles : 1968 ) and one silver ( Singles : 1968 ) . Köhler won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( singles : 1962 , 1967 ; doubles : 1967 ) and one silver ( doubles : 1965 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Jerzy Wojnar ( POL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerzy_Wojnar', 'summary': "Jerzy Wojnar ( October 7 , 1930 in Lwów - February 2 , 2005 in Warsaw ) was a Polish pilot and luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s . He won the three medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with two golds ( 1958 , 1961 ) and one silver ( 1962 ) . Wojnar competed in two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of eighth in the men 's singles event at Grenoble in 1968 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jochen Asche ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jochen_Asche', 'summary': "Jochen Asche was an East German luger who competed during the 1960s . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1962 FIL World Luge Championships in Krynica , Poland . He was an athlete of the Wintersportverein und Bobclub Friedrichroda ."}]}, {'value': '1963 Imst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1963', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1963 took place in Imst , Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Fritz Nachmann ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fritz_Nachmann', 'summary': "Fritz Nachmann ( born 16 August 1929 ) is a West German former luger who competed during the 1950s and the 1960s . He was born in Kreuth . He won the bronze medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble . Nachmann also won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four medals in men 's doubles ( gold : FIL World Luge Championships 1957 , FIL World Luge Championships 1958 ; silver : FIL World Luge Championships 1962 , bronze : FIL World Luge Championships 1955 ) and one medal in men 's singles ( gold : FIL World Luge Championships 1963 ) . He also won a silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1967 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany ."}]}, {'value': 'Hans Plenk ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Plenk', 'summary': "Hans Plenk ( born 21 February 1938 ) was a West German luger who competed during the 1960s . He was born in Berchtesgaden . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . Plenk won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four medals in the men 's singles ( gold : 1965 , silver : 1961 , 1963 ; bronze : 1960 ) and one in the men 's doubles event ( bronze : 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Klaus Bonsack ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klaus_Bonsack', 'summary': "Klaus Bonsack ( born 26 December 1941 ) , also known as Klaus-Michael Bonsack , is an East German former luger who competed during the 1960s and early 1970s . He was born in Waltershausen , Thuringia . He won four Winter Olympic medal in men 's luge with one gold ( doubles : 1968 ) , one silver ( singles : 1964 ) , and two bronzes ( singles : 1968 , doubles : 1972 ) . Bonsack also won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with one gold ( doubles : 1967 ) , two silvers ( doubles : 1965 , singles : 1967 ) , and two bronzes ( singles : 1963 , doubles : 1969 ) . Bonsack later served as chairman of the track construction commission , approving the final homologation of Cesana Pariol prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics for luge to compete at the track . He was among the first three inductees in the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) Hall of Fame in 2004 , along with Paul Hildgartner and Margit Schumann ."}]}, {'value': '1965 Davos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1965', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1965 took place in Davos , Switzerland . This is the second time the city has hosted the event , having done so in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hans Plenk ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Plenk', 'summary': "Hans Plenk ( born 21 February 1938 ) was a West German luger who competed during the 1960s . He was born in Berchtesgaden . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . Plenk won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four medals in the men 's singles ( gold : 1965 , silver : 1961 , 1963 ; bronze : 1960 ) and one in the men 's doubles event ( bronze : 1960 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mieczysław Pawełkiewicz ( POL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mieczysław_Pawełkiewicz', 'summary': "Mieczysław Pawełkiewicz ( February 13 , 1938 , Bielsko-Biała - December 3 , 2007 , Bielsko-Biała ) was a Polish luger who competed during the mid-1960s . He won two silver medals at the FIL World Luge Championships , earning his first in men 's doubles in 1963 and his second in men 's singles in 1965 . Pawełkiewicz also competed in luge at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , finishing sixth in the men 's singles and seventh in the men 's doubles event , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Erich Graber ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erich_Graber', 'summary': "Erich Graber was an Italian luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s . A natural track luger , he won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships ( Gold : 1980 , Bronze : 1979 ) . Graber also was successful in the FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships with nine medals , including five golds ( Singles : 1974 , 1975 , 1977 ; Doubles : 1977 , 1981 ) , three silvers ( Singles : 1975 , Doubles : 1970 , 1974 ) , and one bronze ( Doubles : 1979 ) . Graber also won a bronze in the men 's singles event at the 1965 FIL World Luge Championships in Davos , Switzerland ( Note : The first natural track championships in Europe did not occur until 1970 while the first natural track world championships did not occur until 1979 . The first permanent artificially refrigerated bobsleigh , luge , or skeleton track was not constructed until 1969 . ) ."}]}, {'value': '1967 Hammarstrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1967', 'summary': "The FIL World Luge Championships 1967 took place in Hammarstrand , Sweden between 18-19 February 1967 . This event was held following the cancellation of the previous year 's championships in Friedrichroda , East Germany , which was the last cancellation in the history of the world championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Köhler ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Köhler', 'summary': "Thomas Köhler ( born 25 June 1940 ) is an East German former luger who competed during the 1960s . He won three Winter Olympic medals in men 's luge with two golds ( Singles : 1964 , Doubles : 1968 ) and one silver ( Singles : 1968 ) . Köhler won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( singles : 1962 , 1967 ; doubles : 1967 ) and one silver ( doubles : 1965 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Klaus Bonsack ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klaus_Bonsack', 'summary': "Klaus Bonsack ( born 26 December 1941 ) , also known as Klaus-Michael Bonsack , is an East German former luger who competed during the 1960s and early 1970s . He was born in Waltershausen , Thuringia . He won four Winter Olympic medal in men 's luge with one gold ( doubles : 1968 ) , one silver ( singles : 1964 ) , and two bronzes ( singles : 1968 , doubles : 1972 ) . Bonsack also won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with one gold ( doubles : 1967 ) , two silvers ( doubles : 1965 , singles : 1967 ) , and two bronzes ( singles : 1963 , doubles : 1969 ) . Bonsack later served as chairman of the track construction commission , approving the final homologation of Cesana Pariol prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics for luge to compete at the track . He was among the first three inductees in the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) Hall of Fame in 2004 , along with Paul Hildgartner and Margit Schumann ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Feistmantl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Feistmantl', 'summary': 'Josef Feistmantl ( 23 February 1939 - 10 March 2019 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s .'}]}, {'value': '1969 Königssee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1969', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1969 took place in Königssee , West Germany . It marked the first time the event took place on a permanent , artificially refrigerated track in bobsleigh , luge , and/ or skeleton .'}]}, {'value': 'Josef Feistmantl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Feistmantl', 'summary': 'Josef Feistmantl ( 23 February 1939 - 10 March 2019 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Manfred Schmid ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manfred_Schmid', 'summary': "Manfred Schmid ( born 6 June 1944 in Liezen ) is an Austrian former luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s . Competing in four Winter Olympics , he won two medals at Grenoble in 1968 with a gold in the men 's singles event and a silver in the men 's doubles event . Schmid also won seven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two gold ( doubles : 1969 , 1970 ) , four silvers ( singles : 1969 , 1975 ; doubles : 1967 , 1971 ) , and one bronze ( singles : 1978 ) . He won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with two silvers ( Men 's singles : 1974 , Men 's doubles : 1971 ) and three bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1971 , 1973 ; Men 's doubles : 1970 ) . Schmid finished third in the overall Luge World Cup men 's singles championship in 1977-8 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wolfgang Scheidel ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfgang_Scheidel', 'summary': "Wolfgang Scheidel ( born 1 March 1943 ) is an East German former luger who won the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . He also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with one gold in the men 's doubles ( 1965 ) and two bronzes in the men 's singles ( 1969 , 1970 ) . He won a pair of silver medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships ( 1970 , 1971 ) . After retiring from competitions Scheidel trained young lugers at ASK Oberhof until 1977 , and after that worked as a sports instructor in a recreation home of the National People 's Army . After the German reunification he ran an oxygen station in his home town of Ilmenau ."}]}, {'value': '1970 Königssee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1970', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1970 took place in Königssee , West Germany . It is the only time that the championships have been held in the same location in consecutive years .'}]}, {'value': 'Josef Fendt ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Fendt', 'summary': "Josef Fendt ( born 6 October 1947 in Berchtesgaden ) is the current president of the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course ( FIL ) . He was a West German-German luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s . Competing in two Winter Olympics , he won the silver medal in the men 's singles event at Innsbruck in 1976 . Fendt also won two gold medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships , earning them in 1970 and 1974 . Additionally , he won a silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1973 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany . After his retirement from competitive luge , Fendt got active in the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) , being named Vice-President Sport for Artificial Track in 1985 , a position he stayed at until the death of FIL 's first president Bert Isatitsch in February 1994 . Fendt was appointed acting president of the FIL as a result , then elected full president in June of that year . Fendt 's sister , Andrea , won the silver medal in the women 's singles event at the 1978 FIL World Luge Championships in Imst , Austria . On Fendt 's 61st birthday in Munich , he received the Bundesverdienstkreuz Verdienstkreuz am Bande ( Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ) for his contributions toward society , mainly in luge ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Feistmantl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Feistmantl', 'summary': 'Josef Feistmantl ( 23 February 1939 - 10 March 2019 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfgang Scheidel ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfgang_Scheidel', 'summary': "Wolfgang Scheidel ( born 1 March 1943 ) is an East German former luger who won the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . He also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with one gold in the men 's doubles ( 1965 ) and two bronzes in the men 's singles ( 1969 , 1970 ) . He won a pair of silver medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships ( 1970 , 1971 ) . After retiring from competitions Scheidel trained young lugers at ASK Oberhof until 1977 , and after that worked as a sports instructor in a recreation home of the National People 's Army . After the German reunification he ran an oxygen station in his home town of Ilmenau ."}]}, {'value': '1971 Olang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1971', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1971 took place in Olang , Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Karl Brunner ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl_Brunner_(luge)', 'summary': "Karl Brunner ( born 19 May 1951 in Olang ) was an Italian luger who competed from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s . He won the silver medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Brunner also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two medals in men 's singles ( gold : 1971 , silver : 1979 ) and one in men 's doubles ( silver : 1977 ) . He also won three medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's singles : 1980 ) and two bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1977 , Men 's doubles : 1979 ) . Brunner also won the overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles title three times ( 1977-8 , 1978-9 , 1982-3 ) and had his best overall men 's single World Cup finish of second in 1979-80 ."}]}, {'value': 'Leonhard Nagenrauft ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leonhard_Nagenrauft', 'summary': "Leonhard Nagenrauft ( 9 March 1938 in Bischofswiesen - 22 May 2017 in Berchtesgaden ) was a West German luger who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s . He won the silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1971 FIL World Luge Championships in Olang , Italy ."}]}, {'value': 'Josef Feistmantl ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Feistmantl', 'summary': 'Josef Feistmantl ( 23 February 1939 - 10 March 2019 ) was an Austrian luger who competed from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s .'}]}, {'value': '1973 Oberhof', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1973', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1973 took place in Oberhof , East Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'Hans Rinn ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Rinn', 'summary': "Hans Rinn ( born 19 March 1953 in Langewiesen , Bezirk Suhl ) is an East German former luger who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s . He won three medals at the Winter Olympics , including two gold ( doubles : 1976 , 1980 ) and one bronze ( singles : 1976 ) . Rinn also won eight medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four golds ( singles : 1973 , 1977 , doubles : 1975 , 1977 ) , three silvers ( singles : 1974 , doubles : 1973 , 1979 ) , and one bronze ( 1978 ) . At the FIL European Luge Championships , Rinn won 13 medals . This included seven golds ( Men 's singles : 1973 , 1974 , 1979 ; Men 's doubles : 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1980 ) , six silvers ( Men 's singles : 1977 , 1978 ; Men 's doubles : 1974 , 1977 , 1979 , 1982 ) , and one bronze ( Men 's singles : 1975 ) . Rinn was inducted into the International Luge Federation Hall of Fame in 2005 along with Josef Feistmantl ."}]}, {'value': 'Wolfram Fiedler ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfram_Fiedler', 'summary': "Wolfram Fiedler ( 29 September 1951 - 11 April 1988 ) was an East German luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s . He won two bronze medals at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , earning them in the men 's singles and men 's doubles event , respectively . Fiedler also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1975 and a silver in 1973 . He also won three medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with two golds ( 1972 , 1976 ) and one silver ( 1975 ) . Fiedler died of cancer in 1988 . The summer luge track in his hometown of Ilmenau was named in his honor the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'Harald Ehrig ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harald_Ehrig', 'summary': "Harald Ehrig ( born 6 November 1949 in Zwickau , Saxony ) is an East German former luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s . He won the silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . Ehrig won two bronze medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships ( 1973 , 1975 ) . He also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in 1970 and a silver in 1972 ."}]}, {'value': '1974 Königssee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1974', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1974 took place in Königssee , West Germany for a record third time . Königssee had hosted the event previously in 1969 and 1970 .'}]}, {'value': 'Josef Fendt ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Fendt', 'summary': "Josef Fendt ( born 6 October 1947 in Berchtesgaden ) is the current president of the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course ( FIL ) . He was a West German-German luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s . Competing in two Winter Olympics , he won the silver medal in the men 's singles event at Innsbruck in 1976 . Fendt also won two gold medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships , earning them in 1970 and 1974 . Additionally , he won a silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1973 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany . After his retirement from competitive luge , Fendt got active in the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) , being named Vice-President Sport for Artificial Track in 1985 , a position he stayed at until the death of FIL 's first president Bert Isatitsch in February 1994 . Fendt was appointed acting president of the FIL as a result , then elected full president in June of that year . Fendt 's sister , Andrea , won the silver medal in the women 's singles event at the 1978 FIL World Luge Championships in Imst , Austria . On Fendt 's 61st birthday in Munich , he received the Bundesverdienstkreuz Verdienstkreuz am Bande ( Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ) for his contributions toward society , mainly in luge ."}]}, {'value': 'Hans Rinn ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Rinn', 'summary': "Hans Rinn ( born 19 March 1953 in Langewiesen , Bezirk Suhl ) is an East German former luger who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s . He won three medals at the Winter Olympics , including two gold ( doubles : 1976 , 1980 ) and one bronze ( singles : 1976 ) . Rinn also won eight medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four golds ( singles : 1973 , 1977 , doubles : 1975 , 1977 ) , three silvers ( singles : 1974 , doubles : 1973 , 1979 ) , and one bronze ( 1978 ) . At the FIL European Luge Championships , Rinn won 13 medals . This included seven golds ( Men 's singles : 1973 , 1974 , 1979 ; Men 's doubles : 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1980 ) , six silvers ( Men 's singles : 1977 , 1978 ; Men 's doubles : 1974 , 1977 , 1979 , 1982 ) , and one bronze ( Men 's singles : 1975 ) . Rinn was inducted into the International Luge Federation Hall of Fame in 2005 along with Josef Feistmantl ."}]}, {'value': 'Horst Müller ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horst_Müller', 'summary': 'Horst Müller was an East German luger who competed during the mid-1970s . He won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two silvers ( singles : 1977 , doubles : 1975 ) and a bronze ( singles : 1974 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1975 Hammarstrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1975', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1975 took place in Hammarstrand , Sweden for a second time after previously hosting the championships in 1967 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfram Fiedler ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfram_Fiedler', 'summary': "Wolfram Fiedler ( 29 September 1951 - 11 April 1988 ) was an East German luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s . He won two bronze medals at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , earning them in the men 's singles and men 's doubles event , respectively . Fiedler also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1975 and a silver in 1973 . He also won three medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with two golds ( 1972 , 1976 ) and one silver ( 1975 ) . Fiedler died of cancer in 1988 . The summer luge track in his hometown of Ilmenau was named in his honor the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'Manfred Schmid ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manfred_Schmid', 'summary': "Manfred Schmid ( born 6 June 1944 in Liezen ) is an Austrian former luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s . Competing in four Winter Olympics , he won two medals at Grenoble in 1968 with a gold in the men 's singles event and a silver in the men 's doubles event . Schmid also won seven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two gold ( doubles : 1969 , 1970 ) , four silvers ( singles : 1969 , 1975 ; doubles : 1967 , 1971 ) , and one bronze ( singles : 1978 ) . He won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with two silvers ( Men 's singles : 1974 , Men 's doubles : 1971 ) and three bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1971 , 1973 ; Men 's doubles : 1970 ) . Schmid finished third in the overall Luge World Cup men 's singles championship in 1977-8 ."}]}, {'value': 'Harald Ehrig ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harald_Ehrig', 'summary': "Harald Ehrig ( born 6 November 1949 in Zwickau , Saxony ) is an East German former luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s . He won the silver medal in the men 's singles event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . Ehrig won two bronze medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships ( 1973 , 1975 ) . He also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in 1970 and a silver in 1972 ."}]}, {'value': '1977 Innsbruck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1977', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1977 took place in Igls , Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Hans Rinn ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Rinn', 'summary': "Hans Rinn ( born 19 March 1953 in Langewiesen , Bezirk Suhl ) is an East German former luger who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s . He won three medals at the Winter Olympics , including two gold ( doubles : 1976 , 1980 ) and one bronze ( singles : 1976 ) . Rinn also won eight medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four golds ( singles : 1973 , 1977 , doubles : 1975 , 1977 ) , three silvers ( singles : 1974 , doubles : 1973 , 1979 ) , and one bronze ( 1978 ) . At the FIL European Luge Championships , Rinn won 13 medals . This included seven golds ( Men 's singles : 1973 , 1974 , 1979 ; Men 's doubles : 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1980 ) , six silvers ( Men 's singles : 1977 , 1978 ; Men 's doubles : 1974 , 1977 , 1979 , 1982 ) , and one bronze ( Men 's singles : 1975 ) . Rinn was inducted into the International Luge Federation Hall of Fame in 2005 along with Josef Feistmantl ."}]}, {'value': 'Horst Müller ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horst_Müller', 'summary': 'Horst Müller was an East German luger who competed during the mid-1970s . He won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two silvers ( singles : 1977 , doubles : 1975 ) and a bronze ( singles : 1974 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Anton Winkler ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Winkler', 'summary': "Anton Winkler ( 23 February 1954 - 8 October 2016 ) was a West German luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Winkler also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a silver ( singles : 1978 ) and two bronzes ( singles : 1977 , doubles : 1979 ) . Additionally , he won a gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1977 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany . Winkler was the first men 's singles Luge World Cup overall champion in 1977-78 . Winkler died on 8 October 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '1978 Imst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1978', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1978 took place in Imst , Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Paul Hildgartner ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Hildgartner', 'summary': "Paul Hildgartner ( born 8 June 1952 in Chienes ) is an Italian luger who competed from the early 1970s to the late 1980s . Competing in five Winter Olympics , he earned two gold medals ( Men 's doubles : 1972 , Men 's singles : 1984 ) and one silver medal ( Men 's singles : 1980 ) for his efforts . At the 1984 Winter Olympics , Hildgartner carried the Italian flag during the opening ceremonies ."}]}, {'value': 'Anton Winkler ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Winkler', 'summary': "Anton Winkler ( 23 February 1954 - 8 October 2016 ) was a West German luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s . He won the bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Winkler also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with a silver ( singles : 1978 ) and two bronzes ( singles : 1977 , doubles : 1979 ) . Additionally , he won a gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1977 FIL European Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany . Winkler was the first men 's singles Luge World Cup overall champion in 1977-78 . Winkler died on 8 October 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Manfred Schmid ( AUT )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manfred_Schmid', 'summary': "Manfred Schmid ( born 6 June 1944 in Liezen ) is an Austrian former luger who competed from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s . Competing in four Winter Olympics , he won two medals at Grenoble in 1968 with a gold in the men 's singles event and a silver in the men 's doubles event . Schmid also won seven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two gold ( doubles : 1969 , 1970 ) , four silvers ( singles : 1969 , 1975 ; doubles : 1967 , 1971 ) , and one bronze ( singles : 1978 ) . He won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with two silvers ( Men 's singles : 1974 , Men 's doubles : 1971 ) and three bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1971 , 1973 ; Men 's doubles : 1970 ) . Schmid finished third in the overall Luge World Cup men 's singles championship in 1977-8 ."}]}, {'value': '1979 Königssee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1979', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1979 took place in Königssee , West Germany for a record fourth time . Königssee had hosted the event previously in 1969 , 1970 , and 1974 . The track also hosted the bobsleigh world championships that same year , the first time that had ever happened in both bobsleigh and luge in a non-Winter Olympic year ( Igls hosted both bobsleigh and luge events at the 1976 games held in neighboring Innsbruck . ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Detlef Günther ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detlef_Günther', 'summary': "Dettlef Günther ( sometimes shown as Detlef Günther , born 27 August 1954 in Erlabrunn , Saxony ) is an East German former luger who competed from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s . He won the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York , Günther was favored to repeat after leading the first two runs , but crashed at the end of the third run causing him to lose three seconds and settling for fourth in the standings . Günther also won the gold medal in the men 's singles event at the 1979 FIL World Luge Championships in Königssee , West Germany . He also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in 1975 and a silver in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': 'Karl Brunner ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl_Brunner_(luge)', 'summary': "Karl Brunner ( born 19 May 1951 in Olang ) was an Italian luger who competed from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s . He won the silver medal in the men 's doubles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Brunner also won three medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with two medals in men 's singles ( gold : 1971 , silver : 1979 ) and one in men 's doubles ( silver : 1977 ) . He also won three medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's singles : 1980 ) and two bronzes ( Men 's singles : 1977 , Men 's doubles : 1979 ) . Brunner also won the overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles title three times ( 1977-8 , 1978-9 , 1982-3 ) and had his best overall men 's single World Cup finish of second in 1979-80 ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Hildgartner ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Hildgartner', 'summary': "Paul Hildgartner ( born 8 June 1952 in Chienes ) is an Italian luger who competed from the early 1970s to the late 1980s . Competing in five Winter Olympics , he earned two gold medals ( Men 's doubles : 1972 , Men 's singles : 1984 ) and one silver medal ( Men 's singles : 1980 ) for his efforts . At the 1984 Winter Olympics , Hildgartner carried the Italian flag during the opening ceremonies ."}]}, {'value': '1981 Hammarstrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FIL_World_Luge_Championships_1981', 'summary': 'The FIL World Luge Championships 1981 took place in Hammarstrand , Sweden for the third time . Hammarstrand had hosted the event previously in 1967 and 1975 . It also marked the last time the event took place on a natural track until 2000 with events now moving to the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships which debuted in 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sergey Danilin ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergey_Danilin', 'summary': "Sergey Danilin ( born 1 January 1960 ) was a Soviet luger who competed from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s . Competing in four Winter Olympics , he earned the silver medal in the men 's singles event at Sarajevo in 1984 . Danilin also won a complete medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1981 , a silver in 1983 , and a bronze in 1987 . He also won a pair of bronze medals in the mixed team event ( 1989 , 1990 ) . Danilin also won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in 1986 and a silver in 1982 . His best finish in the overall men 's singles Luge World Cup was second twice ( 1981-2 , 1982-3 ) . Danilin married fellow Soviet luger Nadejda Danilina in 1986 ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Walter ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Walter_(luge)', 'summary': "Michael Walter ( 12 March 1959 in Pirna - 6 August 2016 ) was a German luger who competed during the 1980s . He won two medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1985 and a silver in 1981 . Walter also won two medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a silver in the mixed team event ( 1988 ) and a bronze in the men 's singles event ( 1986 ) . He also was men 's singles Luge World Cup overall title in 1983-4 . Walter also competed in two Winter Olympics and was a substitute for the East German team on a third . His best finish at the Winter Olympics was fourth in the men 's singles event at Sarajevo in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ernst Haspinger ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernst_Haspinger', 'summary': "Ernst Haspinger ( born 2 July 1955 , in Welsberg-Taisten ) was an Italian luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s . He won a bronze medal in the men 's singles event at the 1981 FIL World Luge Championships in Hammarstrand , Sweden . Haspinger also won three bronze medals in the men 's singles event at the FIL European Luge Championships ( 1980 , 1982 , 1984 ) . He competed in two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of seventh in the men 's doubles event at Innsbruck in 1976 . He won the overall Luge World Cup title in men 's singles three times ( 1979-80 , 1980-1 ( tied with fellow Italian Paul Hildgartner ) , 1981-2 ) ."}]}], 'section_title': "Men 's singles", 'section_text': 'Debuted : 1955 .', 'uid': 'FIL_World_Luge_Championships_0', 'intro': 'The FIL World Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place on an almost annual basis in non-Winter Olympics years since 1955. These championships are shown for artificial tracks. See FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships for all natural track events that have taken place since 1979.'}
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The youngest Luge Champion listed won what medal in the one year he competed in the Olympics ?
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silver
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032f0b8fb67fd0ae
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_association_football_clubs_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland', 'title': 'List of association football clubs in the Republic of Ireland', 'header': ['Team', 'Home town/suburb', 'Ground'], 'data': [{'value': 'Athenry F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athenry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athenry', 'summary': 'Athenry ( /æθənˈraɪ/ ; [ a ] Irish : Baile Átha an Rí , meaning Town of the Ford of the King ) is a town in County Galway , Ireland , which lies 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) east of Galway city . Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall , Athenry Castle , its priory and its 13th century Anglo-Norman street-plan . The town is also well known by virtue of the song The Fields of Athenry .'}]}, {'value': 'Moounbaun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corrib Celtic F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corrib Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corrib_Park', 'summary': 'Corrib Park is a housing estate in the Westside suburb of Galway , Ireland . The estate itself was built in the 1970s and is surrounded by several other estates , Coogan Park , Gaelcarrig Park , Laurel Park and borders on Shantalla . The Corrib Rangers association football team plays in the Galway & District League .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corrib Rangers F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corrib Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corrib_Park', 'summary': 'Corrib Park is a housing estate in the Westside suburb of Galway , Ireland . The estate itself was built in the 1970s and is surrounded by several other estates , Coogan Park , Gaelcarrig Park , Laurel Park and borders on Shantalla . The Corrib Rangers association football team plays in the Galway & District League .'}]}, {'value': 'Westside', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colemanstown United F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colemanstown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galway Hibernians F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bohermore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bohermore', 'summary': 'Bohermore is an area of Galway , Ireland . The name is derived from the Irish literally meaning the big road , as this was the main road into Galway City from the east in medieval times . There is a large cemetery located in Bohermore known as the New Cemetery , which contains two mortuary chapels , one Catholic and the other Protestant . People buried there include the Irish-language writer and journalist Pádraic Ó Conaire ( 1882-1928 ) , Lord Haw Haw ( William Joyce ) ( 1906-1946 ) , an Irish-American who broadcast Nazi propaganda from Germany during World War II , and Lady Gregory ( 1852-1932 ) , a founding member of the Irish Literary Theatre movement , who hosted a literary and artistic salon in her house at Coole Park , in rural south Galway .'}]}, {'value': 'Bohermore Football Pitch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mervue United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mervue_United_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Mervue United A.F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Mervue , Galway . Their senior men 's team currently plays in the Galway & District League . The club has previously fielded teams in the Connacht Senior League , the League of Ireland U21 Division , the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division ."}]}, {'value': 'Mervue', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Fahy 's Field", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NUI Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NUI_Galway_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Galway & District League is an association football league organized by the Galway Football Association . It features amateur and junior clubs from County Galway . It currently features six divisions . Its top division , the Premier Division , is a seventh level division in the Republic of Ireland football league system . Galway & District League teams also compete the FAI Junior Cup . It is currently sponsored by Western Hygiene Supplies , a company based in Tuam'}]}, {'value': 'NUI Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NUI_Galway', 'summary': "The National University of Ireland Galway ( NUI Galway ; Irish : OÉ Gaillimh ) is located in the city of Galway in Ireland . A third-level teaching and research institution , the University has been awarded the full five QS stars for excellence , and is ranked among the top 1 percent of universities according to the 2018 QS World University Rankings . The University was founded in 1845 as Queen 's College Galway , and was more recently known as University College Galway ( UCG ) ( Irish : Coláiste na hOllscoile , Gaillimh or COG ) . NUI Galway is a member of the Coimbra Group , a network of 40 long-established European universities ."}]}, {'value': 'Dangan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salthill Devon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salthill_Devon_F.C.', 'summary': 'Salthill Devon Football Club is an Irish association football club originally based in Salthill , Galway . Their senior team currently plays in the Galway & District League . They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League , the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division . In 2012 they played under the name SD Galway . Since 2005 Salthill Devon have hosted a youth tournament known as the Galway Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Salthill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salthill', 'summary': 'Salthill ( Irish : Bóthar na Trá ) is a seaside area in the City of Galway in the west of Ireland . Lying within the townland of Lenaboy ( an Léana Buí ) , it attracts many tourists all year round . There is a 2 km long promenade , locally known as the Prom , overlooking Galway Bay with bars , restaurants and hotels .'}]}, {'value': 'Drom Soccer Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drom_Soccer_Park', 'summary': 'Drom Soccer Park is an association football venue in the Republic of Ireland based in Drom East , Rahoon , County Galway . It is the home ground of Salthill Devon F.C . It was built in 2002 and has a capacity of 2,000 . Drom also hosts the Galway Cup annually .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Bernards F.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abbeyknockmoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbeyknockmoy', 'summary': "Abbeyknockmoy ( Irish : Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe , meaning Abbey of Muaidh 's Hill ) is a village and parish in County Galway , Republic of Ireland . It is best known for the nearby ruins of the 12th century Cistercian abbey , established with the Kings of Connacht as its benefactors . The abbey was the burial site of King Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair and contains fine examples of medieval wall paintings and sculpture . It was formerly part of the kingdom of the Soghain of Connacht ."}]}, {'value': "O'Donoghue Park", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuam Celtic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuam_Celtic_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Tuam Celtic A.F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Tuam , County Galway . Their senior men 's currently competes in the Galway & District League . The club also operates a ladies team a number of schoolboy teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Tuam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuam', 'summary': 'Tuam ( /ˈtjuːəm/ TEW-əm ) ; Irish : Tuaim , meaning mound or burial-place [ t̪ˠuəmʲ ] ) is a town in Ireland and the second-largest settlement in County Galway . It is situated west of the midlands of Ireland , approximately 35 km ( 22 mi ) north of Galway city . Human existence in the area dates to the Bronze Age while the historic period dates from the 6th century . The town became increasingly important in the 11th and 12th centuries in political and religious aspects of Ireland . The market-based layout of the town and square indicates the importance of commerce .'}]}, {'value': 'Celtic Park', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Junior/County leagues -- Galway & District League', 'section_text': 'Premier Division', 'uid': 'List_of_association_football_clubs_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_14', 'intro': 'Traditionally, association football clubs in the Republic of Ireland have been classified as either senior, intermediate or junior. These classifications effectively categorise clubs who compete in national, provincial and county leagues respectively.'}
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What is the capacity of this football venue built in 2002 that is home to the team that had the name SD Galway ?
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2,000
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032f67fd151ea5a5
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Siddig', 'title': 'Alexander Siddig', 'header': ['Year', 'Film', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sammy and Rosie Get Laid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sammy_and_Rosie_Get_Laid', 'summary': 'Sammy and Rosie Get Laid is a 1987 film directed by Stephen Frears , with a screenplay by Hanif Kureishi .'}]}, {'value': 'Partygoer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Dangerous_Man:_Lawrence_After_Arabia', 'summary': "A Dangerous Man : Lawrence After Arabia is a British television film of 1990 depicting the experiences of T. E. Lawrence and Emir Faisal of the Hejaz at the Paris Peace Conference after the end of the First World War . One of the conference 's many concerns was determining the fates of territories formerly under the rule of the defeated Ottoman Empire . The film stars Ralph Fiennes ( in his first film role ) as T. E. Lawrence , Alexander Siddig ( then credited as Siddig El-Fadil ) as Faisal , Denis Quilley as Lord Curzon , and Nicholas Jones as Lord Dyson . It was made by Anglia Films and Enigma Television , and was first screened in April 1990 on the ITV network before being aired on PBS in May 1992 . The film was produced in 1990 , a year after David Lean 's film epic , Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , was re-released to cinemas . It serves as an unofficial sequel to that earlier film , as it depicts events that happened after the First World War . The film 's screenplay was written by Tim Rose Price . Christopher Menaul directed the film . The film goes further than its predecessor in reflecting the work of contemporary historians [ who ? ] . It demonstrates contemporary concerns about British and international politics and ethnic conflict . [ original research ? ] It also explores further Lawrence 's enigmatic personality and suggests more openly his alleged homosexuality ."}]}, {'value': 'Emir Feisal I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq', 'summary': "Faisal I bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi ( Arabic : فيصل بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي , Fayṣal al-Awwal ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Alī al-Hāshimī ; 20 May 1885 - 8 September 1933 ) was King of the Arab Kingdom of Syria or Greater Syria in 1920 , and was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 to 1933 . He was the third son of Hussein bin Ali , the Grand Sharif of Mecca , who had proclaimed himself King of the Arab lands in October 1916 . Faisal fostered unity between Sunni and Shiite Muslims to encourage common loyalty and promote pan-Arabism in the goal of creating an Arab state that would include Iraq , Syria and the rest of the Fertile Crescent . While in power , Faisal tried to diversify his administration by including different ethnic and religious groups in offices . However , Faisal 's attempt at pan-Arab nationalism may have contributed to the isolation of certain religious groups [ citation needed ] ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vertical Limit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vertical_Limit', 'summary': "Vertical Limit is a 2000 American survival thriller film directed by Martin Campbell , written by Robert King , and starring Chris O'Donnell , Bill Paxton , Robin Tunney , and Scott Glenn . The film was released on December 8 , 2000 in the United States by Columbia Pictures , receiving mixed reviews and grossed $ 215 million at the box office ."}]}, {'value': 'Kareem Nazir', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reign of Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reign_of_Fire_(film)', 'summary': 'Reign of Fire is a 2002 post-apocalyptic science fantasy film directed by Rob Bowman and starring Matthew McConaughey and Christian Bale , with the screenplay written by Matt Greenberg , Gregg Chabot , and Kevin Peterka . The film also features Izabella Scorupco and Gerard Butler . The film is set in England in the year 2020 , twenty years after London tunneling project workers inadvertently awakened dragons from centuries of slumber and the creatures have subsequently replaced humans as the dominant species on Earth . With the fate of mankind at stake , two surviving parties , led by Quinn Abercromby ( Bale ) and Denton Van Zan ( McConaughey ) , find that they must work together to hunt down and destroy the beasts in a desperate attempt to take back the world . The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on 12 July 2002 . Upon release , it received generally mixed reviews from critics and audiences and became a commercial failure , grossing $ 82 million on a $ 60 million budget .'}]}, {'value': 'Ajay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hamburg Cell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hamburg_Cell_(film)', 'summary': 'The Hamburg Cell is a 2004 Channel 4 ( United Kingdom ) and CBC ( Canada ) television film directed by Antonia Bird that describes the creation of the Hamburg cell , Islamist and extremist group composed by the terrorists that piloted the airplanes hijacked during the September 11 attacks . Although the terrorist cell was led by Mohamed Atta , the film is focused on the character of Ziad Jarrah , the one terrorist that had doubts about the attacks .'}]}, {'value': 'Khalid Sheikh Mohammed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom of Heaven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_of_Heaven_(film)', 'summary': "Kingdom of Heaven is a 2005 epic historical drama film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by William Monahan . It stars Orlando Bloom , Eva Green , Ghassan Massoud , Jeremy Irons , David Thewlis , Brendan Gleeson , Iain Glen , Marton Csokas , Liam Neeson , Edward Norton , Michael Sheen , Velibor Topić and Alexander Siddig . The story is set during the Crusades of the 12th century . A French village blacksmith goes to the aid of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in its defence against the Ayyubid Muslim Sultan , Saladin , who is fighting to claim the city from the Christians ; this leads to the Battle of Hattin . The screenplay is a heavily fictionalised portrayal of the life of Balian of Ibelin ( ca . 1143-93 ) . Filming took place in Ouarzazate , Morocco , where Scott had previously filmed Gladiator and Black Hawk Down , and in Spain , at the Loarre Castle ( Huesca ) , Segovia , Ávila , Palma del Río , and Seville 's Casa de Pilatos and Alcázar . The film received mixed reviews upon theatrical release . On 23 December 2005 , Scott released a director 's cut , which received critical acclaim , with many reviewers calling it the definitive version of the film ."}]}, {'value': 'Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani', 'summary': 'Muhammad ibn Hamed Isfahani ( 1125 - June 20 , 1201 ) ( Persian : محمد ابن حامد اصفهانی ) , more popularly known as Imad ad-din al-Isfahani ( Persian : عماد الدین اصفهانی ) ( Arabic : عماد الدين الأصفهاني ( 519-13 Ramadan 597 ) ) , was a Persian historian , scholar , and rhetorician . He left a valuable anthology of Arabic poetry to accompany his many historical works and worked as a man of letters during the Zengid and Ayyubid period .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syriana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syriana', 'summary': "Syriana is a 2005 American geopolitical thriller film written and directed by Stephen Gaghan , and executive produced by George Clooney , who also stars in the film with an ensemble cast . Gaghan 's screenplay is loosely adapted from ex CIA operative Robert Baer 's memoir See No Evil . The film focuses on petroleum politics and the global influence of the oil industry , whose political , economic , legal , and social effects are experienced by a Central Intelligence Agency operative ( George Clooney ) , an energy analyst ( Matt Damon ) , a Washington , D.C. attorney ( Jeffrey Wright ) , and a young unemployed Pakistani migrant worker ( Mazhar Munir ) in an Arab state in the Persian Gulf . The film also features an extensive supporting cast including Amanda Peet , Tim Blake Nelson , Mark Strong , Alexander Siddig , Amr Waked , and Academy Award winners Christopher Plummer , Chris Cooper and William Hurt . The film was shot in 200 locations in 5 continents , with large parts shot in the Middle East , Africa and Washington , DC . In an interview with Charlie Rose , Gaghan described incidents ( including planned regime changes in Venezuela ) from personal meetings and interviews with the most powerful oil owners , owners of media houses , lobbyists , lawyers and politicians which were included in the film . As with Gaghan 's screenplay for Traffic , Syriana uses multiple , parallel storylines , jumping between locations in Iran , Texas , Washington , D.C. , Switzerland , Spain and Lebanon . Clooney won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Bob Barnes , and Gaghan 's script was nominated by the Academy for Best Original Screenplay . As of April 20 , 2006 , the film had grossed a total of $ 50.82 million at the U.S. box office and $ 42.9 million overseas , for a total of $ 93.73 million . Gaghan changed the names of entities currently operating in the Middle East , while retaining their place in the story . Committee for the Liberation of Iran was based on an organization called Committee for the Liberation of Iraq ."}]}, {'value': 'Prince Nasir Al-Subaai', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hannibal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hannibal_(2006_TV_film)', 'summary': "Hannibal ( also known as Hannibal : Rome 's Worst Nightmare ) is a 2006 television film , presented as a dramatised documentary , made by the BBC . It is narrated by Kenneth Cranham . The film is chiefly centred on the Italian campaign of Hannibal , the famous Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War ."}]}, {'value': 'Hannibal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hannibal', 'summary': "Hannibal ( /ˈhænɪbəl/ ; Punic : 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤟𐤁𐤓𐤒 , BRQ ḤNBʿL ; 247 - between 183 and 181 BC ) [ note 1 ] was a Carthaginian general and statesman who is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in history . His father , Hamilcar Barca , was a leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War ( 264-241 BC ) . His younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal , and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair ; all also commanded Carthaginian armies . Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in the western Mediterranean Basin , triggered by the emergence of the Roman Republic as a great power after it had established its supremacy over Italy . Although Rome had won the First Punic War , revanchism prevailed in Carthage , symbolised by the alleged pledge that Hannibal made to his father never to be a friend of Rome . The Second Punic War broke out in 218 after Hannibal 's attack on Saguntum , an ally of Rome in Hispania . He then made his famous military exploit of carrying war to Italy by crossing the Alps with his African elephants . In his first few years in Italy , he won a succession of dramatic victories at the Trebia , Lake Trasimene , and Cannae . He distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent 's respective strengths and weaknesses , and to plan battles accordingly . Hannibal 's well-planned strategies allowed him to conquer several Italian cities allied to Rome . Hannibal occupied most of southern Italy for 15 years , but could not win a decisive victory , as the Romans led by Fabius Maximus avoided confrontation with him , instead waging a war of attrition . A counter-invasion of North Africa led by Scipio Africanus forced him to return to Carthage ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Nativity Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Nativity_Story', 'summary': 'The Nativity Story is a 2006 American biblical drama film based on the nativity of Jesus , directed by Catherine Hardwicke and starring Keisha Castle-Hughes and Oscar Isaac . The film was released on December 1 , 2006 after it premiered in Vatican City November 26 , 2006 . The Nativity Story was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City . [ failed verification ]'}]}, {'value': 'Angel Gabriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabriel', 'summary': "Gabriel ( /ˈɡeɪbriəl/ ; Hebrew : גַּבְרִיאֵל , lit . 'Gavri'el God is my strength ' , Ancient Greek : Γαβριήλ , lit . 'Gabriel ' , Coptic : Ⲅⲁⲃⲣⲓⲏⲗ , Aramaic : ܓܒܪܝܝܠ , Arabic : جبريل , Jibrīl or جبرائيل Jibrāʾīl , Amharic : ገብርኤል ) , in the Abrahamic religions , is an archangel . He was first described in the Hebrew Bible and was subsequently adopted by other traditions . In the Hebrew Bible , Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to explain his visions ( Daniel 8:15-26 , 9:21-27 ) . The archangel appears in such other ancient Jewish writings as the Book of Enoch . Alongside archangel Michael , Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel , defending this people against the angels of the other nations . The Gospel of Luke relates the stories of the Annunciation , in which the angel Gabriel appears to Zechariah and the Virgin Mary , foretelling the births of John the Baptist and Jesus , respectively ( Luke 1:11-38 ) . Many Christian traditions - including Anglicanism , Eastern Orthodoxy , and Roman Catholicism - revere Gabriel as a saint . Islam regards Gabriel as an archangel sent by God to various prophets , among them Muhammad . The first five verses of the 96th chapter of the Quran , the Clot , is believed by Muslims to have been the first verses revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad . [ citation needed ] The Latter Day Saints hold that the angel Gabriel is the same individual as the prophet Noah in his mortal ministry ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Last Legion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Last_Legion', 'summary': 'The Last Legion is a 2007 historical action adventure film directed by Doug Lefler and produced by Dino De Laurentiis . It is based on the 2002 novel of the same name by Valerio Massimo Manfredi . It stars Colin Firth , Ben Kingsley , Aishwarya Rai , Thomas Brodie-Sangster , Peter Mullan , Kevin McKidd , John Hannah , and Iain Glen . It premiered in Abu Dhabi on 6 April 2007 . The film is loosely inspired by the events of 5th-century European history , notably the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . This is coupled with other facts and legends from the history of Britain and fantastic elements from the legend of King Arthur to provide a basis for the Arthurian legend .'}]}, {'value': 'Theodorus Andronikus', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Lost Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Lost_Man', 'summary': "A Lost Man ( French : Un homme perdu , Arabic : رجل ضائع rajulun ḍāˀyiˁ , Levantine Arabic rajolon ḍāˀyeˁ ) is a 2007 Lebanese film by the Lebanese director Danielle Arbid . The film premiered on 18 March during the 2007 Cannes Film Festival , in the Directors ' Fortnight section . It is possibly the most sexually graphic film ever made by an Arab director . The film was inspired by the life of the French photographer Antoine D'Agata . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Fouad Saleh', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doomsday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doomsday_(2008_film)', 'summary': "Doomsday is a 2008 science fiction action film written and directed by Neil Marshall . The film takes place in the future in Scotland , which has been quarantined because of a deadly virus . When the virus is found in London , political leaders send a team led by Major Eden Sinclair ( Rhona Mitra ) to Scotland to find a possible cure . Sinclair 's team runs into two types of survivors : marauders and medieval knights . Doomsday was conceived by Marshall based on the idea of futuristic soldiers facing medieval knights . In producing the film , he drew inspiration from various movies , including Mad Max , Escape from New York and 28 Days Later . Marshall had a budget three times the size of his previous two films , The Descent and Dog Soldiers , and the director filmed the larger-scale Doomsday in Scotland and South Africa . The film was released in the United States and Canada on 14 March 2008 and in the United Kingdom on 9 May 2008 . Doomsday did not perform well at the box office , and critics gave the film mixed reviews ."}]}, {'value': 'Hatcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Espion ( s )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malik', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cairo Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cairo_Time', 'summary': 'Cairo Time is a 2009 film by Canadian director Ruba Nadda . It is a romantic drama about a brief , unexpected love affair that catches two people completely off-guard . The movie won the Best Canadian Feature Film at the Toronto International Film Festival 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tareq Khalifa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miral', 'summary': "Miral is a 2010 biographical political film directed by Julian Schnabel about the coming of age of a Palestinian girl named Miral who grows up in the wake of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and finds herself drawn into the conflict . The screenplay was written by Rula Jebreal , based on her novel of the same name . The film was released on 3 September at the 2010 Venice Film Festival and on 15 September 2010 in France . The film was set for release on 3 December 2010 in the United Kingdom , [ needs update ] and on 25 March 2011 in the United States . Miral was initially rated R by the MPAA for some violent content including a sexual assault . Later , however , it was reclassified to PG-13 for thematic material , and some violent content including a sexual assault after an appeal of the R rating by the Weinstein Company . On 4 April 2011 , days after the film 's US release , Juliano Mer-Khamis , an actor and peace activist who plays Seikh Saabah in the film , was shot to death in his car outside a theatre he had established in a Palestinian refugee camp ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamal', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.3.2.1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/4.3.2.1.', 'summary': '4.3.2.1 . ( which stands for 4 girls , 3 days , 2 cities , 1 chance ) is a 2010 British-American crime thriller film directed by Noel Clarke and Mark Davis , written by Clarke and starring Emma Roberts , Tamsin Egerton , Ophelia Lovibond , Shanika-Warren Markland , Mandy Patinkin , Helen McCrory , Kevin Smith , Susannah Fielding , Camille Coduri and Clarke . It was released on 2 June 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clash of the Titans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clash_of_the_Titans_(2010_film)', 'summary': "Clash of the Titans is a 2010 fantasy action-adventure film and remake of the 1981 film of the same name produced by MGM ( the rights to which had been acquired by Warner Bros. in 1996 ) . The story is very loosely based on the Greek myth of Perseus . Directed by Louis Leterrier and starring Sam Worthington , Liam Neeson , and Ralph Fiennes , the film was originally set for standard release on March 26 , 2010 . However , it was later announced that the film would be converted to 3D and was released on April 2 , 2010 . Clash of the Titans grossed $ 493 million worldwide , though it received generally negative reviews from critics and received two Golden Raspberry Awards nominations . The film 's success led to a sequel , Wrath of the Titans , released in March 2012 . A third film titled Revenge of the Titans was in development but later cancelled due to Wrath of the Titans ' disappointing box office performance ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hermes', 'summary': 'Hermes ( /ˈhɜːrmiːz/ ; Greek : Ἑρμῆς ) is a deity in Ancient Greek religion and mythology . Hermes is considered as the herald of the gods , as well as the protector of human heralds , travellers , thieves , merchants , and orators , respectively . He is able to move freely between the worlds of the mortal and the divine , playing the role of the psychopomp or soul guide - a conductor of souls into the afterlife . In myth , Hermes functioned as the emissary and messenger of the gods , and was often presented as the son of Zeus and Maia , the Pleiad . Just as well , he is regarded as the divine trickster , for which Homer offers the most popular account in his Hymn to Hermes . His attributes and symbols include the herma , the rooster , the tortoise , satchel or pouch , winged sandals , and winged cap , as well as the palm tree , goat , the number four , several kinds of fish , and incense . However , his main symbol is the caduceus , a winged staff intertwined with two snakes copulating and carvings of the other gods . His attributes had previously influenced the earlier Etruscan god Turms , a name borrowed from the Greek herma . In Roman tradition , Hermes was known as Mercury , a name derived from the Latin merx , meaning merchandise , and from where we get the words merchant and commerce .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inescapable', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inescapable_(film)', 'summary': "Inescapable is a 2012 drama and political thriller written and directed by Ruba Nadda . The film stars Alexander Siddig , Marisa Tomei , and Joshua Jackson . Alexander Siddig plays Adib , a former Syrian intelligence officer who becomes embroiled in a cat and mouse chase while trying to locate his photographer daughter , Muna , in Damascus . After an assignment in Greece , Muna takes a detour trip to Syria , where she becomes wrongly accused of espionage and held hostage by corrupt government agents . Inescapable follows Adib 's struggle to return to Syria after spending over 20 years in Canada trying to build a new life for himself . Inescapable marks Ruba Nadda 's sixth full-length film in her wide-ranging collection of feature and short films , all of which contain references to Islamic themes and Nadda 's own Syrian and Palestinian roots ."}]}, {'value': 'Adib Abdel-Kareem', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Fifth Estate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Fifth_Estate_(film)', 'summary': "The Fifth Estate is a 2013 biographical thriller film directed by Bill Condon , about the news-leaking website WikiLeaks . The film stars Benedict Cumberbatch as its editor-in-chief and founder Julian Assange , and Daniel Brühl as its former spokesperson Daniel Domscheit-Berg . Anthony Mackie , David Thewlis , Alicia Vikander , Stanley Tucci , and Laura Linney are featured in supporting roles . The film 's screenplay was written by Josh Singer based in-part on Domscheit-Berg 's book Inside WikiLeaks : My Time with Julian Assange at the World 's Most Dangerous Website ( 2011 ) , as well as WikiLeaks : Inside Julian Assange 's War on Secrecy ( 2011 ) by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding . The film 's name is a reference to people who operate in the manner of journalists outside the normal constraints imposed on the mainstream media . Co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures and Participant Media , The Fifth Estate premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival , and was released in theaters by Touchstone Pictures in the United States on October 18 , 2013 , with international distribution divided among Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , Reliance Entertainment , and independent arrangements by Mister Smith Entertainment . The film performed poorly at the box office and garnered mixed critical reaction , receiving criticism for its screenplay and direction , although the acting was praised , particularly Cumberbatch 's performance ."}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Tarek Haliseh', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May in the Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ziad', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': 'At TrekExpo in Tulsa , Oklahoma , on 25 June 2005', 'uid': 'Alexander_Siddig_0', 'intro': "Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abderrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi (Arabic: صدّيق الطاهر الفاضل الصدّيق عبدالرحمن محمد أحمد عبدالكريم المهدي Ṣiddīq aṭ-Ṭāhir al-Fāḍil aṣ-Ṣiddīq ʿAbd ar-Raḥman Muḥammad ʾAḥmad ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Mahdī; born 21 November 1965) is a Sudanese-born English actor. He is known by the stage names Siddig El Fadil through the mid-1990s and Alexander Siddig since. A graduate of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, Siddig is known for playing Dr. Julian Bashir in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Philip Burton in Primeval, Carthaginian general Hannibal in Hannibal (2006), and King Minos in Atlantis. He also has an appearance in the sixth season of 24 as Hamri Al-Assad, and in Gotham as Ra's al Ghul. In film he played Prince Nasir Al-Subaai in Syriana (2005), Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani in Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Tareq Khalifa in Cairo Time."}
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Who is the focus of the 2004 film in which Alexander Siddig played Khalid Sheikh Mohammed ?
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Ziad Jarrah
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0333f30a7f51f50d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_11)', 'title': 'Strictly Come Dancing (series 11)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Celebrity', 'Highest score', 'Celebrity', 'Lowest score'], 'data': [{'value': 'American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Myers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)', 'summary': 'David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_Tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sophie Ellis-Bextor Susanna Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor', 'summary': "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Susanna_Reid', 'summary': 'Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cha Cha Cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Myers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)', 'summary': 'David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charleston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charleston_(dance)', 'summary': "The Charleston is a dance named for the harbor city of Charleston , South Carolina . The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called The Charleston by composer/pianist James P. Johnson which originated in the Broadway show Runnin ' Wild and became one of the most popular hits of the decade . Runnin ' Wild ran from 29 October 1923 through 28 June 1924 . The peak year for the Charleston as a dance by the public was mid-1926 to 1927"}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Jacklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Jacklin', 'summary': 'Anthony Jacklin CBE ( born 7 July 1944 ) is a retired English golfer . He was the most successful British player of his generation , winning two major championships , the 1969 Open Championship and the 1970 U.S. Open . He was also Ryder Cup captain from 1983 to 1989 ; Europe winning two and tying another of these four events .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Susanna Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanna_Reid', 'summary': 'Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_(actor)', 'summary': 'Patrick Robinson ( born 6 November 1963 ) is an English actor , best known for playing the character of staff nurse and later charge nurse ( in early years of the show ) and in later years , Consultant Martin Ash Ashford in the long-running medical drama series Casualty on BBC One .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Ashley Taylor Dawson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashley_Taylor_Dawson', 'summary': 'Philip Ashley Taylor Dawson ( born 11 January 1982 ) , known as Ashley Taylor Dawson , is an English actor and singer . He is best known for his role as Darren Osborne in the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , in which he is one of the longest serving cast members , and for being a member of pop band allSTARS* .'}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Myers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)', 'summary': 'David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso Doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_Doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Susanna Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanna_Reid', 'summary': 'Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Myers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)', 'summary': 'David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbey Clancy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey_Clancy', 'summary': "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rachel Riley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rachel_Riley', 'summary': "Rachel Annabelle Riley ( born 11 January 1986 ) is a British television presenter and mathematician . She co-presents the Channel 4 daytime puzzle show Countdown and its comedy spin-off 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown . A mathematics graduate , her television debut came when she joined Countdown aged 22 . With an interest in popularising mathematics and the sciences , she has since co-presented The Gadget Show on Channel 5 ( 2013-14 ) and It 's Not Rocket Science on ITV ( 2016 ) . She was also a contestant on the BBC celebrity dance show Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede Patrick Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_(actor)', 'summary': 'Patrick Robinson ( born 6 November 1963 ) is an English actor , best known for playing the character of staff nurse and later charge nurse ( in early years of the show ) and in later years , Consultant Martin Ash Ashford in the long-running medical drama series Casualty on BBC One .'}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fiona Fullerton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fiona_Fullerton', 'summary': "Fiona Elizabeth Fullerton ( born 10 October 1956 ) is a British actress and singer , known for her role as Alice in the 1972 film Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland and as Bond girl KGB spy Pola Ivanova in the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_(dance)', 'summary': 'Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbey Clancy Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey_Clancy', 'summary': "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Myers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)', 'summary': 'David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbey Clancy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey_Clancy', 'summary': "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ."}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susanna Reid Mark Benton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanna_Reid', 'summary': 'Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Benton', 'summary': 'Mark Benton ( born 16 November 1965 ) is an English actor , known for his roles as Eddie in Early Doors , Howard in Northern Lights and Martin Pond in Barbara . Benton has also starred in BBC One drama , Waterloo Road as maths teacher , Daniel Chalk from 2011 to 2013 and again in 2014 . In 2003 Benton starred as Eddie in 2 series of Early Doors BBC Sitcom In 2013 , Benton took part in Strictly Come Dancing and in 2015 , he hosted daytime game show The Edge . Since 2018 he has played the leading role of Frank Hathaway in Shakespeare & Hathaway : Private Investigators on BBC1 .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Showdance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sophie Ellis-Bextor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor', 'summary': "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ."}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swing-a-thon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swing_(dance)', 'summary': "Swing dance is a group of dances that developed with the swing style of jazz music in the 1920s-1940s , with the origins of each dance predating the popular swing era . During the swing era , there were hundreds of styles of swing dancing , but those that have survived beyond that era include : Lindy Hop , Balboa , Collegiate Shag , and Charleston . Today , the most well-known of these dances is the Lindy Hop , which originated in Harlem in the early 1930s . While the majority of swing dances began in African American communities as vernacular African American dances , some influenced swing-era dances , like Balboa , developed outside of these communities . Swing dance was not commonly used to identify a group of dances until the latter half of the 20th century . Historically , the term Swing referred to the style of jazz music , which inspired the evolution of the dance . Jitterbug is any form of swing dance , though it is often used as a synonym for the six-count derivative of Lindy Hop called East Coast Swing . It was also common to use the word to identify a kind of dancer ( i.e. , a swing dancer ) . A jitterbug might prefer to dance Lindy Hop , Shag , or any of the other swing dances . The term was famously associated with swing era band leader Cab Calloway because , as he put it , [ The dancers ] look like a bunch of jitterbugs out there on the floor due to their fast , often bouncy movements . The term swing dancing is often extended to include other dances that do not have certain characteristics of traditional swing dances : West Coast Swing , Carolina Shag , East Coast Swing , Hand Dancing , Jive , Rock and Roll , Modern Jive , and other dances developed during the 1940s and later . A strong tradition of social and competitive boogie woogie and Rock ' n ' Roll in Europe add these dances to their local swing dance cultures ."}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susanna Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanna_Reid', 'summary': 'Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Gumede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Gumede', 'summary': 'Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips .'}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Macdonald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Macdonald', 'summary': "Julien Macdonald OBE ( born 19 March 1971 in Merthyr Tydfil ) is a Welsh fashion designer who has appeared as judge on the television programme , Britain & Ireland 's Next Top Model . In 2001 , he was named British Fashion Designer of the Year , and on 15 March 2001 , was appointed as chief designer at Givenchy ( Alexander McQueen 's successor ) . His atelier is at Old Burlington Street , London ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Sophie Ellis-Bextor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor', 'summary': "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ."}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deborah Meaden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deborah_Meaden', 'summary': "Deborah Sonia Meaden ( born 1959 ) is an English businesswoman who ran a multimillion-pound family holiday business , before completing a management buyout , but is now best known for her appearances on the BBC Two business programme Dragons ' Den ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz', 'summary': 'The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbey Clancy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey_Clancy', 'summary': "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Jacklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Jacklin', 'summary': 'Anthony Jacklin CBE ( born 7 July 1944 ) is a retired English golfer . He was the most successful British player of his generation , winning two major championships , the 1969 Open Championship and the 1970 U.S. Open . He was also Ryder Cup captain from 1983 to 1989 ; Europe winning two and tying another of these four events .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances of the series', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance style according to the judges ' 40-points scale are as follows :", 'uid': 'Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_11)_2', 'intro': "Strictly Come Dancing returned for its eleventh series beginning with a launch show on 7 September 2013, with the live shows starting on 27 and 28 September 2013. Sir Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly returned to co-present the main show on BBC One, with Claudia Winkleman returning to present the results show alongside Daly. Zoë Ball returned as presenter of Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two on BBC Two. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood and Darcey Bussell also returned as judges. This was the first series to be made at Elstree Film and Television Studios in Elstree, Hertfordshire. In March 2013, the show's former home at the BBC Television Centre in West London closed down for redevelopment. Strictly moved to Elstree for this series and settled into the vast George Lucas Stage 2 which had been recently refurbished. The move to the Elstree location saw a complete overhaul of the look of the show, with a newly redesigned set, which would fit the much larger George Lucas Stage. The shows on 5 October, 9 November and 7 December 2013 were hosted by Daly and Winkleman, with Forsyth taking time off. The show was broadcast live from Blackpool Tower Ballroom on 16 November 2013. The series was won by Abbey Clancy and Aljaž Skorjanec on 21 December 2013. This series was notable as being Forsyth's last as main presenter and also for Brendan Cole becoming the first professional dancer to reach three separate finals."}
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Who did the dancer with the worst score in rumba during series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing play in A View to a Kill ?
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Pola Ivanova
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0336896447e9781e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_installations', 'title': 'List of United States Marine Corps installations', 'header': ['Detachment', 'Host Facility', 'Location', 'State'], 'data': [{'value': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 21', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Training_Support_Group_21', 'summary': 'Marine Aviation and Training Support Group 21 ( MATSG-21 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation training group that was originally established in 1922 as the 2nd Aviation Group . During World War II the unit was known as Marine Aircraft Group 21 ( MAG-21 ) . Squadrons from MAG-21 fought in many of the opening battles of the war to include the Battle of Wake Island , Battle of Midway and as part of the Cactus Air Force during the Battle of Guadalcanal The group was deactivated following the end of the war and was not reactivated until 2000 when the Marine Aviation Detachment at Naval Air Station Pensacola , Florida was renamed MATSG-21 . The core of the MATSG personnel is derived from 175 officer instructors and 550 student naval aviators/naval flight officers .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Pensacola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola', 'summary': 'Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola ( IATA : NPA , ICAO : KNPA , FAA LID : NPA ) ( formerly NAS/KNAS until changed circa 1970 to allow Nassau International Airport , now Lynden Pindling International Airport , to have IATA code NAS ) , The Cradle of Naval Aviation , is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington , Florida , a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits . It is best known as the initial primary training base for all U.S. Navy , Marine Corps and Coast Guard officers pursuing designation as naval aviators and naval flight officers , the advanced training base for most naval flight officers , and as the home base for the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron , the precision-flying team known as the Blue Angels . Because of contamination by heavy metals and other hazardous materials during its history , it is designated as a Superfund site needing environmental cleanup . The air station also hosts the Naval Education and Training Command ( NETC ) and the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute ( NAMI ) , the latter of which provides training for all naval flight surgeons , aviation physiologists , and aerospace experimental psychologists . With the closure of Naval Air Station Memphis in Millington , Tennessee , and the transition of that facility to Naval Support Activity Mid-South , NAS Pensacola also became home to the Naval Air Technical Training Center ( NATTC ) Memphis , which relocated to Pensacola and was renamed NATTC Pensacola . NATTC provides technical training schools for nearly all enlisted aircraft maintenance and enlisted aircrew specialties in the U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard . The NATTC facility at NAS Pensacola is also home to the USAF Detachment 1 , a geographically separated unit ( GSU ) whose home unit is the 359th Training Squadron located at nearby Eglin AFB . Detachment 1 trains over 1,100 airmen annually in three structural maintenance disciplines : low observable , non-destructive inspection , and aircraft structural maintenance . NAS Pensacola contains Forrest Sherman Field , home of Training Air Wing SIX ( TRAWING 6 ) , providing undergraduate flight training for all prospective naval flight officers for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps , and flight officers/navigators for other NATO/Allied/Coalition partners . TRAWING SIX consists of the Training Squadron 4 ( VT-4 ) Warbucks , Training Squadron 10 ( VT-10 ) Wildcats and Training Squadron 86 ( VT-86 ) Sabrehawks , flying the T-45C Goshawk and T-6A Texan II . A select number of prospective U.S. Air Force navigator/combat systems officers , destined for certain fighter/bomber or heavy aircraft , were previously trained via TRAWING SIX , under VT-4 or VT-10 , with command of VT-10 rotating periodically to a USAF officer . This previous track for USAF navigators was termed Joint Undergraduate Navigator Training ( JUNT ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Warrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington,_Florida', 'summary': 'Warrington is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Escambia County , Florida , United States . Warrington is located between downtown Pensacola and the state line with Alabama ; it is 6 miles ( 10 km ) away from both . The population was 14,531 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area . A failed referendum was held in 1975 to incorporate Warrington as a town . Despite falling outside of city limits and having a post office explicitly named Warrington , mail going to the addresses in the Warrington ZIP code ( 32507 ) falls under the jurisdiction of Pensacola . Naval Air Station Pensacola is located in Warrington ( albeit with their own ZIP code , 32508 , which corresponds to the mailing city Naval Air Station Pensacola , FL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 22', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Training_Support_Group_22', 'summary': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 22 ( MATSG-22 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation training group that was originally established during World War II as Marine Aircraft Group 22 ( MAG-22 ) . Squadrons from MAG-22 , were decimated at the Battle of Midway and after reconstituting fought during the Battle of Okinawa . The group was deactivated following the end of the war and were not reactivated until May 1 , 2000 when the Marine Aviation Detachment at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi , Texas was renamed MATSG-22 .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Corpus Christi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Corpus_Christi', 'summary': 'Naval Air Station Corpus Christi ( IATA : NGP , ICAO : KNGP , FAA LID : NGP ) , is a United States Navy naval air base located six miles ( 10 km ) southeast of the central business district ( CBD ) of Corpus Christi , in Nueces County , Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'Corpus Christi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas', 'summary': "Corpus Christi ( /ˌkɔːrpəs ˈkrɪsti/ ; Latin : Body of Christ ) , colloquially Corpus , is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas . The county seat of Nueces County , it also extends into Aransas , Kleberg , and San Patricio Counties . It is 130 miles southeast of San Antonio . Its political boundaries encompass Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay . Its zoned boundaries include small land parcels or water inlets of three neighboring counties . The city 's population was estimated to be 326,554 in 2018 , making it the eighth-most populous city in Texas . The Corpus Christi metropolitan area had an estimated population of 442,600 . It is also the hub of the six-county Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice Combined Statistical area , with a 2013 estimated population of 516,793 . The Port of Corpus Christi is the fifth-largest in the United States . The region is served by the Corpus Christi International Airport . The city 's name means body of Christ in Latin . The name was given to the settlement and surrounding bay by Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda in 1519 , as he discovered the lush semitropical bay on the Catholic feast day of Corpus Christi ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 23', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Training_Support_Group_23', 'summary': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 23 ( MATSG-23 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation training group originally established during World War II as Marine Aircraft Group 23 ( MAG-23 ) . Squadrons from MAG-23 , augmented by Navy and Army flying units formed the Cactus Air Force during the Battle of Guadalcanal . Since then it has evolved into the first Aviation Logistics focused Colonel level command , and serves as a functional training advocate for all USMC Aviation Logistics entry-level training . The instructors and support staff of MATSG-23 are responsible for training thousands of Marines per year in the disciplines required to enable the expeditionary aviation required to support the Marine Air Ground Task Force .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Pensacola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola', 'summary': 'Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola ( IATA : NPA , ICAO : KNPA , FAA LID : NPA ) ( formerly NAS/KNAS until changed circa 1970 to allow Nassau International Airport , now Lynden Pindling International Airport , to have IATA code NAS ) , The Cradle of Naval Aviation , is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington , Florida , a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits . It is best known as the initial primary training base for all U.S. Navy , Marine Corps and Coast Guard officers pursuing designation as naval aviators and naval flight officers , the advanced training base for most naval flight officers , and as the home base for the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron , the precision-flying team known as the Blue Angels . Because of contamination by heavy metals and other hazardous materials during its history , it is designated as a Superfund site needing environmental cleanup . The air station also hosts the Naval Education and Training Command ( NETC ) and the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute ( NAMI ) , the latter of which provides training for all naval flight surgeons , aviation physiologists , and aerospace experimental psychologists . With the closure of Naval Air Station Memphis in Millington , Tennessee , and the transition of that facility to Naval Support Activity Mid-South , NAS Pensacola also became home to the Naval Air Technical Training Center ( NATTC ) Memphis , which relocated to Pensacola and was renamed NATTC Pensacola . NATTC provides technical training schools for nearly all enlisted aircraft maintenance and enlisted aircrew specialties in the U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard . The NATTC facility at NAS Pensacola is also home to the USAF Detachment 1 , a geographically separated unit ( GSU ) whose home unit is the 359th Training Squadron located at nearby Eglin AFB . Detachment 1 trains over 1,100 airmen annually in three structural maintenance disciplines : low observable , non-destructive inspection , and aircraft structural maintenance . NAS Pensacola contains Forrest Sherman Field , home of Training Air Wing SIX ( TRAWING 6 ) , providing undergraduate flight training for all prospective naval flight officers for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps , and flight officers/navigators for other NATO/Allied/Coalition partners . TRAWING SIX consists of the Training Squadron 4 ( VT-4 ) Warbucks , Training Squadron 10 ( VT-10 ) Wildcats and Training Squadron 86 ( VT-86 ) Sabrehawks , flying the T-45C Goshawk and T-6A Texan II . A select number of prospective U.S. Air Force navigator/combat systems officers , destined for certain fighter/bomber or heavy aircraft , were previously trained via TRAWING SIX , under VT-4 or VT-10 , with command of VT-10 rotating periodically to a USAF officer . This previous track for USAF navigators was termed Joint Undergraduate Navigator Training ( JUNT ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Warrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington,_Florida', 'summary': 'Warrington is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Escambia County , Florida , United States . Warrington is located between downtown Pensacola and the state line with Alabama ; it is 6 miles ( 10 km ) away from both . The population was 14,531 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area . A failed referendum was held in 1975 to incorporate Warrington as a town . Despite falling outside of city limits and having a post office explicitly named Warrington , mail going to the addresses in the Warrington ZIP code ( 32507 ) falls under the jurisdiction of Pensacola . Naval Air Station Pensacola is located in Warrington ( albeit with their own ZIP code , 32508 , which corresponds to the mailing city Naval Air Station Pensacola , FL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 33', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Training_Support_Group_33', 'summary': 'Marine Aviation and Training Support Group 33 ( MATSG-33 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation training group that was originally established during World War II as Marine Aircraft Group 33 ( MAG-33 ) . Fighter squadrons from MAG-33 fought most notably during the Battle of Okinawa and also as the first Marine aviation units to support the Korean War when they arrived as part of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade . They helped stabilize the United Nations positions during the Battle of Pusan Perimeter and fought in Korea for the remainder of the war . At some point in the 1960s , the group was deactivated and was not reactivated until 2000 , when Marine Aviation Training Support Group at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia was renamed MATSG-33 .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Oceana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Oceana', 'summary': 'Naval Air Station Oceana or NAS Oceana ( IATA : NTU , ICAO : KNTU , FAA LID : NTU ) is a military airport located in Virginia Beach , Virginia , and is a United States Navy master jet base . It is also known as Apollo Soucek Field , named after Lieutenant ( later Admiral ) Apollo Soucek , a Navy Test Pilot who set the global altitude record in 1930 by flying a Curtiss Hawk biplane to an altitude of 43,166 feet . NAS Oceana is the only Master Jet Base on the East Coast . The Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach no longer operates bus tours of the station .'}]}, {'value': 'Virginia Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia Beach is an independent city located on the southeastern coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 437,994 ; in 2018 , it was estimated to be 450,138 . Although mostly suburban in character , it is the most populous city in Virginia and the 44th most populous city in the nation . Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay , Virginia Beach is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . This area , known as America 's First Region , also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake , Hampton , Newport News , Norfolk , Portsmouth , and Suffolk , as well as other smaller cities , counties , and towns of Hampton Roads . Virginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels , motels , and restaurants along its oceanfront . Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship , a beach soccer tournament . It is also home to several state parks , several long-protected beach areas , three military bases , a number of large corporations , Virginia Wesleyan University and Regent University , International headquarters and site of the television broadcast studios for Pat Robertson 's Christian Broadcasting Network ( CBN ) , Edgar Cayce 's Association for Research and Enlightenment , and numerous historic sites . Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet , Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists , who eventually settled in Jamestown , on April 26 , 1607 . The city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world . It is located at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel , the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 53', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Training_Support_Group_53', 'summary': 'Marine Aviation Training Support Group 53 ( MATSG-53 ) is a United States Marine Corps aviation training group located at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island , Washington . The group was originally established on April 1 , 1943 as Marine Aircraft Group 53 , the first Marine night-fighter group .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Whidbey Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Whidbey_Island', 'summary': "Naval Air Station Whidbey Island ( NASWI ) ( IATA : NUW , ICAO : KNUW , FAA LID : NUW ) is a naval air station of the United States Navy located on two pieces of land near Oak Harbor , on Whidbey Island , in Island County , Washington . The main portion of the base , Ault Field , is about three miles north of Oak Harbor . The other section , called the Seaplane Base for the PBY Catalina flying boats once based there , holds most of the island 's Navy housing as well as the air station 's main Navy Exchange and DeCA Commissary . The NASWI commanding officer also has command of a lightly used [ not verified in body ] satellite airfield , Naval Outlying Landing Field ( NOLF ) Coupeville , on central Whidbey Island at 48°11′24″N 122°37′48″W / 48.19000°N 122.63000°W / 48.19000 ; -122.63000 ( Naval Outlying Field Coupeville ) , roughly nine miles south of Ault Field . Primarily used for Field Carrier Landing Practice ( FCLP ) by carrier-based jets , this field has no permanently assigned personnel . NASWI supports the MH-60S Seahawk helicopter and the EA-18G Growler , P-3C Orion , P-8 Poseidon , EP-3E ARIES and C-40 Clipper fixed-wing aircraft ."}]}, {'value': 'Oak Harbor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oak_Harbor,_Washington', 'summary': 'Oak Harbor is a city located on Whidbey Island in Island County , Washington , United States . The population was 22,075 at the 2010 census . Oak Harbor was incorporated on May 14 , 1915 .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake', 'summary': "Naval Air Weapons Station ( NAWS ) China Lake is a large military installation whose mission is to support the research , testing and evaluation programs of the U.S. Navy . It is part of Navy Region Southwest under Commander , Navy Installations Command . It was originally known as Naval Ordnance Test Station ( NOTS ) . The installation is located in the Western Mojave Desert region of California , approximately 150 miles ( 240 km ) north of Los Angeles . Occupying land in three counties - Kern , San Bernardino , and Inyo - the installation 's closest neighbors are the city of Ridgecrest and the communities of Inyokern , Trona , and Darwin . China Lake is the United States Navy 's largest single landholding , representing 85% of the Navy 's land for weapons and armaments research , development , acquisition , testing and evaluation ( RDAT & E ) use and 38% of the Navy 's land holdings worldwide . In total , its two ranges and main site cover more than 1,100,000 acres ( 4,500 km2 ) , an area larger than the state of Rhode Island . As of 2010 , at least 95% of that land has been left undeveloped . The roughly $ 3 billion infrastructure of the installation consists of 2,132 buildings and facilities , 329 miles ( 529 km ) of paved roads , and 1,801 miles ( 2,898 km ) of unpaved roads . The 19,600 square miles ( 51,000 km2 ) of restricted and controlled airspace at China Lake makes up 12% of California 's total airspace . Jointly controlled by NAWS China Lake , Edwards Air Force Base and Fort Irwin , this airspace is known as the R-2508 Special Use Airspace Complex . A 7.1 magnitude earthquake on July 5 , 2019 , whose epicenter was within the boundaries of NAWS China Lake , resulted in the facility being evaluated as not mission capable ."}]}, {'value': 'China Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China_Lake', 'summary': "Naval Air Weapons Station ( NAWS ) China Lake is a large military installation whose mission is to support the research , testing and evaluation programs of the U.S. Navy . It is part of Navy Region Southwest under Commander , Navy Installations Command . It was originally known as Naval Ordnance Test Station ( NOTS ) . The installation is located in the Western Mojave Desert region of California , approximately 150 miles ( 240 km ) north of Los Angeles . Occupying land in three counties - Kern , San Bernardino , and Inyo - the installation 's closest neighbors are the city of Ridgecrest and the communities of Inyokern , Trona , and Darwin . China Lake is the United States Navy 's largest single landholding , representing 85% of the Navy 's land for weapons and armaments research , development , acquisition , testing and evaluation ( RDAT & E ) use and 38% of the Navy 's land holdings worldwide . In total , its two ranges and main site cover more than 1,100,000 acres ( 4,500 km2 ) , an area larger than the state of Rhode Island . As of 2010 , at least 95% of that land has been left undeveloped . The roughly $ 3 billion infrastructure of the installation consists of 2,132 buildings and facilities , 329 miles ( 529 km ) of paved roads , and 1,801 miles ( 2,898 km ) of unpaved roads . The 19,600 square miles ( 51,000 km2 ) of restricted and controlled airspace at China Lake makes up 12% of California 's total airspace . Jointly controlled by NAWS China Lake , Edwards Air Force Base and Fort Irwin , this airspace is known as the R-2508 Special Use Airspace Complex . A 7.1 magnitude earthquake on July 5 , 2019 , whose epicenter was within the boundaries of NAWS China Lake , resulted in the facility being evaluated as not mission capable ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Aviation Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naval Air Station Patuxent River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Patuxent_River', 'summary': 'Naval Air Station Patuxent River ( IATA : NHK , ICAO : KNHK , FAA LID : NHK ) , also known as NAS Pax River , is a United States naval air station located in St. Marys County , Maryland , on the Chesapeake Bay near the mouth of the Patuxent River . It is home to Headquarters , Naval Air Systems Command ( NAVAIR ) , the U.S . Naval Test Pilot School , the Atlantic Test Range , and serves as a center for test and evaluation and systems acquisition relating to naval aviation . Commissioned on April 1 , 1943 , on land largely acquired through eminent domain , the air station grew rapidly in response to World War II and continued to evolve through the Cold War to the present .'}]}, {'value': 'Patuxent River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patuxent_River,_Maryland', 'summary': 'The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland . There are three main river drainages for central Maryland : the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington , D.C. , the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore , and the Patuxent River between the two . The 908-square-mile ( 2,352 km2 ) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000 . It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland , and its watershed is the largest completely within the state .'}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Sill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Sill', 'summary': "Fort Sill is a United States Army post north of Lawton , Oklahoma , about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City . It covers almost 94,000 acres ( 38,000 ha ) . The fort was first built during the Indian Wars . It is designated as a National Historic Landmark and serves as home of the United States Army Field Artillery School as well as the Marine Corps ' site for Field Artillery MOS school , United States Army Air Defense Artillery School , the 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade , and the 75th Field Artillery Brigade . Fort Sill is also one of the four locations for Army Basic Combat Training . It has played a significant role in every major American conflict since 1869 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lawton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': "Lawton is a city in , and the county seat of , Comanche County , in the State of Oklahoma . Located in southwestern Oklahoma , about 87 mi ( 140 km ) southwest of Oklahoma City , it is the principal city of the Lawton , Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area . According to the 2010 census , Lawton 's population was 96,867 , making it the fifth-largest city in the state . Built on former reservation lands of Kiowa , Comanche , and Apache Indians , Lawton was founded on 6 August 1901 , and was named after Major General Henry Ware Lawton , a Civil War Medal of Honor recipient killed in action in the Philippine-American War . Lawton 's landscape is typical of the Great Plains , with flat topography and gently rolling hills , while the area north of the city is marked by the Wichita Mountains . The city 's proximity to Fort Sill Military Reservation gave Lawton economic and population stability throughout the 20th century . Although Lawton 's economy is still largely dependent on Fort Sill , it has also grown to encompass manufacturing , higher education , health care , and retail . The city 's government is run by a council-manager government consisting of a city manager and a city council headed by a mayor . Interstate 44 and three major United States highways serve the city , while Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport connects Lawton by air . Recreation can be found at the city 's many parks , lakes , museums , and festivals . Notable residents of the city include many musical and literary artists , as well as several professional athletes ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Huachuca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Huachuca', 'summary': 'Fort Huachuca is a United States Army installation , established on 3 March 1877 as Camp Huachuca . The garrison is now under the command of the United States Army Installation Management Command . It is located in Cochise County , in southeast Arizona , approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) north of the border with Mexico and at the northern end of the Huachuca Mountains , adjacent to the town of Sierra Vista . From 1913 to 1933 , the fort was the base for the Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry Regiment . During the build-up of World War II , the fort had quarters for more than 25,000 male soldiers and hundreds of WACs . In the 2010 census , Fort Huachuca had a population of about 6,500 active duty soldiers , 7,400 military family members , and 5,000 civilian employees . Fort Huachuca has over 18,000 people on post during the peak working hours of 0700 and 1600 on weekdays . The major tenant units are the United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command ( NETCOM ) and the United States Army Intelligence Center ( USAICoE ) . Libby Army Airfield is on post and shares its runway with Sierra Vista Municipal Airport . It was an alternate landing location for the space shuttle , but it was never used as such . Fort Huachuca is also the headquarters of Army Military Auxiliary Radio System ( MARS ) . Other units include the Joint Interoperability Test Command , the Information Systems Engineering Command ( ISEC ) , and the Electronic Proving Ground .'}]}, {'value': 'Huachuca City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huachuca_City,_Arizona', 'summary': 'Huachuca City is a town in Cochise County , Arizona , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,853 . Fort Huachuca , a U.S. Army base , is located just south of the municipality .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Defense Language Institute', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defense_Language_Institute', 'summary': "The Defense Language Institute ( DLI ) is a United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) educational and research institution consisting of two separate entities which provide linguistic and cultural instruction to the Department of Defense , other Federal Agencies and numerous customers around the world . The Defense Language Institute is responsible for the Defense Language Program , and the bulk of the Defense Language Institute 's activities involve educating DoD members in assigned languages , and international personnel in English . Other functions include planning , curriculum development , and research in second-language acquisition ."}]}, {'value': 'Monterey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monterey,_California', 'summary': "Monterey ( Spanish : Monterrey ; Ohlone : Aacistak ) is a city located in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California 's Central Coast . Founded on June 3 , 1770 , it was the capital of Alta California under both Spain and Mexico . During this period , Monterey hosted California 's first theater , public building , public library , publicly funded school , printing press , and newspaper . It was also originally the only port of entry for all taxable goods in California . In 1846 during the Mexican-American War , the United States flag was raised over the Customs House . After California was ceded to the U.S. after the war , Monterey hosted California 's first constitutional convention in 1849 . The city occupies a land area of 8.466 sq mi ( 21.93 km2 ) and the city hall is at 26 feet ( 8 m ) above sea level . The 2010 census recorded a population of 27,810 . Monterey and surrounding area have attracted artists since the late 19th century and many celebrated painters and writers have lived there . Until the 1950s , there was an abundant fishery . Among Monterey 's notable present-day attractions are the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Cannery Row , Fisherman 's Wharf , California Roots Music and Arts Festival , and the annual Monterey Jazz Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corry Station Naval Technical Training Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corry_Station_Naval_Technical_Training_Center', 'summary': "Naval Air Station Pensacola Corry Station ( NASP Corry Station ) , formerly known as Naval Technical Training Center Corry Station , is a sub-installation of nearby Naval Air Station Pensacola that hosts several of the Navy 's Information Warfare Corps training commands , and is the headquarters for its Center for Information Warfare Training ."}]}, {'value': 'Pensacola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida', 'summary': 'Pensacola ( /ˌpɛnsəˈkoʊlə/ ) is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle , and the county seat of Escambia County , Florida . As of 2019 , the population was estimated to be 52,713 . Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola Metropolitan Area , which had an estimated 494,883 residents as of 2018 [ update ] . Pensacola is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the Gulf Coast region , the largest between New Orleans and Tampa . Pensacola is the site of the first Spanish settlement within the borders of the continental United States in 1559 , predating the establishment of St. Augustine by 6 years , although the settlement was abandoned due to a hurricane and not re-established until 1698 . Pensacola is a seaport on Pensacola Bay , which is protected by the barrier island of Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico . A large United States Naval Air Station , the first in the United States , is located southwest of Pensacola near Warrington ; it is the base of the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum . The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center . The area was originally inhabited by Muskogean-speaking peoples . The Pensacola people lived there at the time of European contact , and Creek people frequently visited and traded from present-day southern Alabama . Spanish explorer Tristán de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559 . In 1698 the Spanish established a presidio in the area , from which the modern city gradually developed .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Gordon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Gordon', 'summary': "Fort Gordon , formerly known as Camp Gordon , is a United States Army installation established in October 1941 . It is the current home of the United States Army Signal Corps , United States Army Cyber Corps , and Cyber Center of Excellence . It was once the home of The Provost Marshal General School and Civil Affairs School . The fort is located slightly southeast of Grovetown , Georgia and southwest of the city Augusta , Georgia . The main component of the post is the Advanced Individual Training for Signal Corps military occupational specialties . In 1966-68 the Army 's Signal Officer Candidate School ( located at Fort Monmouth during World War II and the Korean War ) graduated over 2,200 Signal officers . Signals Intelligence has become more visible and comprises more and more of the fort 's duties ."}]}, {'value': 'Augusta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia', 'summary': "Augusta ( /əˈɡʌstə/ ) , officially Augusta-Richmond County , is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia . The city lies across the Savannah River from South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion . Georgia 's second-largest city after Atlanta , Augusta is located in the Piedmont section of the state . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Augusta-Richmond County had a 2017 estimated population of 197,166 , not counting the unconsolidated cities of Blythe and Hephzibah . It is the 123rd largest city in the United States . The process of consolidation between the City of Augusta and Richmond County began with a 1995 referendum in the two jurisdictions . The merger was completed on July 1 , 1996 . Augusta is the principal city of the Augusta metropolitan area . In 2017 it had an estimated population of 600,151 , making it the second-largest metro area in the state . It is the 93rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Augusta was established in 1736 and is named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha ( 1719-1772 ) , the bride of Frederick , Prince of Wales and the mother of the British monarch George III . During the American Civil War , Augusta housed the principal Confederate powder works ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Benning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Benning', 'summary': "Fort Benning is a United States Army post straddling the Alabama-Georgia border next to Columbus , Georgia . Fort Benning supports more than 120,000 active-duty military , family members , reserve component soldiers , retirees , and civilian employees on a daily basis . It is a power projection platform , and possesses the capability to deploy combat-ready forces by air , rail , and highway . Fort Benning is the home of the United States Army Maneuver Center of Excellence , the United States Army Armor School , United States Army Infantry School , the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation ( formerly known as the School of the Americas ) , elements of the 75th Ranger Regiment ( United States ) , the 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade , and other tenant units . It is named after Henry L. Benning , a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War . Since 1909 , Fort Benning has served as the Home of the Infantry . Since 2005 , Fort Benning has been transformed into the Maneuver Center of Excellence , as a result of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) Commission 's decision to consolidate a number of schools and installations to create various centers of excellence . Included in this transformation was the move of the Armor School from Fort Knox to Fort Benning ."}]}, {'value': 'Columbus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia', 'summary': "Columbus is a consolidated city-county located on the west-central border of the U.S. state of Georgia . Located on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City , Alabama , Columbus is the county seat of Muscogee County , with which it officially merged in 1970 . Columbus is the third-largest city in Georgia and the fourth-largest metropolitan area . According to the 2017 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , Columbus has a population of 194,058 residents , with 303,811 in the Columbus metropolitan area . The metro area joins the nearby Alabama cities of Auburn and Opelika to form the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika Combined Statistical Area , which has a 2017 estimated population of 499,128 . Columbus lies 100 miles ( 160 km ) southwest of Atlanta . Fort Benning , the United States Army 's Maneuver Center of Excellence and a major employer , is located south of the city in Chattahoochee County . Columbus is home to museums and tourism sites , including the National Infantry Museum , dedicated to the United States Army 's Infantry Branch . It has the longest urban whitewater rafting course in the world constructed on the Chattahoochee River ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Knox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Knox', 'summary': "Fort Knox also called The Vault is a United States Army post in Kentucky , south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown . It is also adjacent to the United States Bullion Depository , which is used to house a large portion of the United States ' official gold reserves . The 109,000 acre ( 170 sq mi , 441 km² ) base covers parts of Bullitt , Hardin , and Meade counties . It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command . It is named in honor of Henry Knox , Chief of Artillery in the American Revolutionary War and first United States Secretary of War . For 60 years , Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and the U.S. Army Armor School ( now moved to Fort Benning ) , and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the American tanks of the day ; the last was the M1 Abrams main battle tank . The history of the U.S. Army 's Cavalry and Armored forces , and of General George S. Patton 's career , is shown at the General George Patton Museum on the grounds of Fort Knox ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky', 'summary': "Louisville ( US : /ˈluːəvəl/ ( listen ) LOO-ə-vəl , /ˈluːivɪl/ ( listen ) LOO-ee-vil , /ˈlʊvəl/ ( listen ) LUUV-əl , UK : /ˈluːivɪl/ ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States . [ d ] It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class , the other being Lexington , the state 's second-largest city . [ e ] Louisville is the historical seat and , since 2003 , the nominal seat of Jefferson County , on the Indiana border . Named after King Louis XVI of France , Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark , making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachians . With nearby Falls of the Ohio as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico , the settlement first grew as a portage site . It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad , which grew into a 6,000-mile ( 9,700 km ) system across 13 states . Today , the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali , the Kentucky Derby , Kentucky Fried Chicken ( KFC ) , the University of Louisville and its Cardinals , Louisville Slugger baseball bats , and three of Kentucky 's six Fortune 500 companies : Humana , Kindred Healthcare , and Yum ! Brands . Muhammad Ali International Airport , Louisville 's main commercial airport , hosts UPS 's worldwide hub . Since 2003 , Louisville 's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County , after a city-county merger . The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government , abbreviated to Louisville Metro . Despite the merger and renaming , the term Jefferson County continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro , particularly including the incorporated cities outside the balance which make up Louisville proper ."}]}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aberdeen Proving Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground', 'summary': 'Aberdeen Proving Ground ( APG ) ( sometimes erroneously called Aberdeen Proving Grounds ) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen , Harford County , Maryland , United States . Part of the facility is a census-designated place ( CDP ) , which had a population of 3,116 at the 2000 census , and 2,093 as of the 2010 census . There are 11 major commands among the tenant units , including'}]}, {'value': 'Aberdeen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aberdeen,_Maryland', 'summary': 'Aberdeen is a city located in Harford County , Maryland , United States , 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of Baltimore . The population was 14,959 at the 2010 United States Census . Aberdeen is the largest municipality in Harford County . Aberdeen is part of the Baltimore-Towson Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , which is the 20th-largest United States metropolitan area . The nearest city to Aberdeen is Havre de Grace , 4.8 miles ( 7.7 km ) to the northeast .'}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Meade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_George_G._Meade', 'summary': "Fort George G. Meade is a United States Army installation located in Maryland , that includes the Defense Information School , the Defense Media Activity , the United States Army Field Band , and the headquarters of United States Cyber Command , the National Security Agency , the Defense Courier Service , Defense Information Systems Agency headquarters , and the U.S. Navy 's Cryptologic Warfare Group Six . It is named for George G. Meade , a Union General from the U.S. Civil War , who served as commander of the Army of the Potomac . The fort 's smaller census-designated place includes support facilities such as schools , housing , and the offices of the Military Intelligence Civilian Excepted Career Program ( MICECP ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Laurel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laurel,_Maryland', 'summary': "Laurel is a city in Maryland , United States , located almost midway between Washington and Baltimore on the banks of the Patuxent River . While the city limits are entirely in northern Prince George 's County , outlying developments extend into Anne Arundel , Montgomery and Howard counties . Founded as a mill town in the early 19th century , Laurel expanded local industry and was later able to become an early commuter town for Washington and Baltimore workers following the arrival of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1835 . Largely residential today , the city maintains a historic district centered on its Main Street , highlighting its industrial past . The Department of Defense is a prominent presence in the Laurel area today , with the Fort Meade Army base , the NSA and Johns Hopkins ' Applied Physics Laboratory all located nearby . Laurel Park , a thoroughbred horse racetrack , is located just outside the city limits ."}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Leonard_Wood_Marine_Corps_Detachment', 'summary': 'The Marine Corps Detachment at Fort Leonard Wood , Missouri hosts the largest United States Marine Corps detachment outside a Marine Corps base . With over 1200 students and support personnel , Ft Leonard Wood hosts Marines training at the Motor Transport Instruction School , Military Police Instruction School , Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear Defense School and the Engineer Equipment Instruction School .'}]}, {'value': 'Fort Leonard Wood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Leonard_Wood_(military_base)', 'summary': "Fort Leonard Wood is a U.S. Army training installation located in the Missouri Ozarks . The main gate is located on the southern boundary of St. Robert . The post was created in December 1940 and named in honor of General Leonard Wood ( former Chief of Staff ) in January 1941 . Originally intended to train infantry troops , in 1941 it became an engineer training post with the creation of the Engineer Replacement Training Center . During World War II Italian and German POWs were interned at the fort . In 1984 , as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process , most of the U.S. Army Engineer School 's operations were consolidated at Fort Leonard Wood . Before that , officer training was conducted at Fort Belvoir , Virginia . In 1999 , again as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process , Fort McClellan , Alabama was closed , and the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and Military Police Corps schools were transferred to Fort Leonard Wood , which was concurrently redesignated the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center . In 2009 , the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center was redesignated the U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center of Excellence ( MSCoE ) ; the center of excellence designation was placed on almost all U.S. Army training institutions . The current commanding general is Major General Donna Martin and the command sergeant major is Command Sergeant Major James Breckinridge ."}]}, {'value': 'Waynesville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waynesville,_Missouri', 'summary': 'Waynesville is a city in and the county seat of Pulaski County , Missouri , United States . Its population was 4,830 at the 2010 census . Located in the heart of the Missouri Ozarks , it was one of the communities served by historic Route 66 .'}]}, {'value': 'Missouri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naval Station Newport Naval War College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naval_Station_Newport', 'summary': 'The Naval Station Newport ( NAVSTA Newport ) is a United States Navy base located in the city of Newport and the town of Middletown , Rhode Island . Naval Station Newport is home to the Naval War College and the Naval Justice School . It once was the homeport for Cruiser Destroyer Force Atlantic ( COMCRUDESLANT ) , which relocated to Naval Station Norfolk in the early 1970s . Newport now maintains inactive ships at its pier facilities , along with the United States Coast Guard . In BRAC 2005 ( Base Realignment and Closure ) , NAVSTA Newport gained over five hundred billets , in addition to receiving , again , the Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) , the Naval Supply Corps School ( in 2011 ) , and several other activities , to include a few Army Reserve units .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Naval_War_College', 'summary': 'The Naval War College ( NWC or NAVWARCOL ) is the staff college and Home of Thought for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport , Rhode Island . The NWC educates and develops leaders , supports defining the future Navy and associated roles and missions , supports combat readiness , and strengthens global maritime partnerships . The Naval War College is one of the senior service colleges including the Army War College , the Marine Corps War College , and the Air War College . Additionally , the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College .'}]}, {'value': 'Newport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island', 'summary': "Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County , Rhode Island , located approximately 33 miles ( 53 km ) southeast of Providence , Rhode Island , 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of Fall River , Massachusetts , 74 miles ( 119 km ) south of Boston , and 180 miles ( 290 km ) northeast of New York City . It is known as a New England summer resort and is famous for its historic mansions and its rich sailing history . It was the location of the first U.S. Open tournaments in both tennis and golf , as well as every challenge to the America 's Cup between 1930 and 1983 . It is also the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport , which houses the United States Naval War College , the Naval Undersea Warfare Center , and an important Navy training center . It was a major 18th-century port city and also contains a high number of buildings from the Colonial era . The city is the county seat of Newport County , which has no governmental functions other than court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries . It was known for being the location of the Summer White Houses during the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy . The population was 24,672 as of 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhode Island', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goodfellow Air Force Base', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goodfellow_Air_Force_Base', 'summary': "Goodfellow Air Force Base is a nonflying United States Air Force base located in San Angelo , Texas , United States . As part of Air Education and Training Command ( AETC ) , Goodfellow 's main mission is cryptologic and intelligence training for the Air Force , Army , Coast Guard , Navy , and Marine Corps . Military firefighters are also trained here as part of the 312th Training Squadron . It is the home of the 17th Training Wing ( 17 TRW ) . The base is named for World War I aviator First Lieutenant John J. Goodfellow , Jr ."}]}, {'value': 'San Angelo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas', 'summary': 'San Angelo /sæn ˈændʒəloʊ/ is a city in and the county seat of Tom Green County , Texas , United States . Its location is in the Concho Valley , a region of West Texas between the Permian Basin to the northwest , Chihuahuan Desert to the southwest , Osage Plains to the northeast , and Central Texas to the southeast . According to a 2018 Census estimate , San Angelo has a total population of 100,215 . It is the principal city and center of the San Angelo metropolitan area , which has a population of 118,182 . San Angelo is home to Angelo State University , historic Fort Concho , and Goodfellow Air Force Base . Common nicknames of the city include Angelo , Land of Sand and Jello , the Concho City , the Pearl of the Conchos , and the Oasis of West Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine Corps Detachment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Lee_(Virginia)', 'summary': "Fort Lee , in Prince George County , Virginia , United States , is a United States Army post and headquarters of the United States Army Combined Arms Support Command ( CASCOM ) / Sustainment Center of Excellence ( SCoE ) , the U.S. Army Quartermaster School , the U.S. Army Ordnance School , The U.S. Army Transportation School , the Army Logistics University ( ALU ) , Defense Contract Management Agency ( DCMA ) , and the U.S. Defense Commissary Agency ( DeCA ) . Fort Lee also hosts two Army museums , the U.S. Army Quartermaster Museum and the U.S. Army Women 's Museum . The equipment and other materiel associated with the Army 's Ordnance Museum was moved to Fort Lee in 2009-2010 for use by the United States Army Ordnance Training and Heritage Center . The fort is named for US Army Colonel and Confederate States General in Chief , Robert E. Lee . Fort Lee is also a census-designated place ( CDP ) , with population of 3,393 at the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': 'Tri-Cities', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Virginia', 'summary': 'The Tri-Cities of Virginia ( also known as the Tri-City area or the Appomattox Basin ) is an area in the Greater Richmond Region which includes the three independent cities of Petersburg , Colonial Heights , and Hopewell and portions of the adjoining counties of Chesterfield , Dinwiddie , and Prince George in south-central Virginia . Other unincorporated communities located in the Tri-Cities area include Ettrick , Fort Lee , and City Point , the latter formerly a historic incorporated town which was annexed to become part of the City of Hopewell .'}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'United States -- Marine Corps Detachments', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_installations_2', 'intro': 'This is a list of installations used by the United States Marine Corps, organized by type and state. Most US states do not have active Marine Corps bases; however, many do have reserve bases and centers. In addition, the Marine Corps Security Force Regiment maintains Marines permanently at numerous naval installations across the United States and abroad. The Corps also shares its headquarters with the rest of the United States armed forces at the Pentagon in Virginia.'}
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Which detachment is located in Nueces County ?
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Marine Aviation Training Support Group 22
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033735fcba17bb21
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay_route', 'title': '2010 Winter Olympics torch relay route', 'header': ['Day', 'Date', 'Cities', 'Notable torchbearers'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oct 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia : Victoria , Esquimalt , CFB Esquimalt , Songhees First Nation , Esquimalt First Nation , View Royal , Sidney , North Saanich , Central Saanich , Saanich , Oak Bay , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Victoria ( Saanich : METULIYE mətúliyə ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia , located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast . The city has a population of 85,792 , and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 . Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre , which is a greater population density than Toronto . Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada , and is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from British Columbia 's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland . The city is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from Seattle by airplane , ferry , or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily , year round between Seattle and Victoria , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Port Angeles , Washington , by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and , at the time , British North America , Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest , with British settlement beginning in 1843 . The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings , in particular its two most famous landmarks , Parliament Buildings ( finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia ) and the Empress hotel ( opened in 1908 ) . The city 's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco 's . The region 's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement , possibly several thousand years earlier , which had large populations at the time of European exploration . Known as The Garden City , Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry . Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life , according to Numbeo . The city has a large non-local student population [ citation needed ] , who come to attend the Victoria College of Art , the Canadian College of Performing Arts , and high school programs run by the region 's three school districts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Esquimalt,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'The Township of Esquimalt /ɪˈskwaɪmɔːlt/ is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island , in British Columbia , Canada . It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital , Victoria , to the south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca , to the west by Esquimalt Harbour and Royal Roads , to the northwest by the New Songhees 1A Indian reserve and the town of View Royal , and to the north by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge , across which is the district municipality of Saanich . It is almost tangential to Esquimalt 1 Indian Reserve near Admirals Road . It is one of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria and part of the Capital Regional District . Esquimalt had a population of 17,655 in 2016 . It covers 7.08 km2 ( 2.73 sq mi ) . It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/CFB_Esquimalt', 'summary': "Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt ( CFB Esquimalt ) is Canada 's Pacific Coast naval base and home port to Maritime Forces Pacific and Joint Task Force Pacific Headquarters . As of 2018 [ update ] , 4,411 military personnel and 2,762 civilians work at CFB Esquimalt ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Songhees_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Songhees First Nation is a First Nations government located around Victoria , British Columbia on southern Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Esquimalt_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Esquimalt First Nation , also known as the Esquimalt Indian Band and Esquimalt Nation , is a First Nations band government of the Esquimalt people . Historically their village was located closer to Victoria proper , but today their main reserve is on the north shore of Esquimalt Harbour adjacent to the Town of View Royal . They are a member nation of the First Nations of South Island Tribal Council , and were signatories to the Douglas Treaties .'}, {'url': '/wiki/View_Royal,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'View Royal is a town in Greater Victoria and a member municipality of the Capital Regional District of British Columbia , Canada . View Royal has a population of 10,858 residents . With over 700 hectares ( 1,700 acres ) of parkland , View Royal includes McKenzie , Pike , Prior and Thetis Lakes and portions of the Esquimalt Harbour and Portage Inlet .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Sidney is a town located at the northern end of the Saanich Peninsula , on Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is one of the 13 Greater Victoria municipalities . It has a population of approximately 11,583 . Sidney is located just east of Victoria International Airport , and about 6 km ( 4 mi ) south of BC Ferries ' Swartz Bay Terminal . The town is also the only Canadian port-of-call in the Washington State Ferries system , with ferries running from Sidney to the San Juan Islands and Anacortes . Sidney is located along Highway 17 , which bisects the town from north to south . It is generally considered part of the Victoria metropolitan area . The town west of Highway 17 ( also called Patricia Bay Highway , locally abbreviated as the Pat Bay Highway ) has a mixture of single-family residences and light industry . The majority of the town is located east of Highway 17 . Single-family units are also present east of the highway , but the eastern sector also has many condominium-type buildings , plus most of the service and retail outlets . The island-studded Haro Strait , part of the Salish Sea forms Sidney 's eastern boundary . There is a large boating and marine industry in the area , ranging from marinas to boatbuilders and marine suppliers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Saanich,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'The District of North Saanich is located on the Saanich Peninsula of British Columbia , approximately 25 km ( 16 mi ) north of Victoria on southern Vancouver Island . It is one of the 13 Greater Victoria municipalities . The District is surrounded on three sides by 20 km ( 12 mi ) of ocean shoreline , and consists of rural/residential areas , a large agricultural base and is home to the Victoria International Airport and the Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Central_Saanich,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Central Saanich is a district municipality in Greater Victoria and a member municipality of the Capital Regional District . It is located on the Saanich Peninsula . The district began as a farming community , and many hobby farms , along with a handful of small working farms and vineyards , still exist . In recent decades , the area has seen increasing residential , commercial , and industrial development , especially around the neighbourhoods of Brentwood Bay and Saanichton , which are occasionally referred to as separate communities . The area 's best-known tourist attractions are the Butchart Gardens , located in the Brentwood Bay area , and Island View Beach . The mayor of Central Saanich is former district councillor Ryan Windsor . Municipal councillors last elected in 2014 include Niall Paltiel , Carl Jensen , Alicia Cormier , Bob Thompson , Christopher Graham , and Zeb King ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saanich,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "The District of Saanich ( /ˈsænɪtʃ/ ) is a district municipality on Vancouver Island in British Columbia , within the Greater Victoria area . The population was 114,148 at the 2016 census , making it the most populous municipality in the Capital Regional District and Vancouver Island , and the eighth-most populous in the province . The district adopted its name after the Saanich First Nation , meaning emerging land or emerging people . The District acts as a bedroom community immediately to the north of Victoria , British Columbia . With an area of 103.44 square kilometres ( 39.94 sq mi ) , it is the largest municipality in Greater Victoria . The municipality contains a wide variety of rural and urban landscapes and neighbourhoods stretching north to the Saanich Peninsula . Saanich is home to part of the University of Victoria which is bisected by the neighbouring district municipality of Oak Bay . The municipality 's topography is undulating with many glacially scoured rock outcroppings . Elevations range from sea level to 229 metres ( 751 ft ) . The physical setting is greatly influenced by water . There are 8.1749 square kilometres ( 3.1563 sq mi ) of fresh water lakes and 29.61 kilometres ( 18.40 mi ) of marine shoreline ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oak_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Oak Bay is a municipality incorporated in 1906 that is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island , in the Canadian province of British Columbia , Canada . A member municipality of the Capital Regional District , it is a community east of and adjacent to the city of Victoria . It is one of the 13 municipalities of Greater Victoria .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Victoria ( Saanich : METULIYE mətúliyə ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia , located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast . The city has a population of 85,792 , and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 . Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre , which is a greater population density than Toronto . Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada , and is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from British Columbia 's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland . The city is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from Seattle by airplane , ferry , or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily , year round between Seattle and Victoria , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Port Angeles , Washington , by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and , at the time , British North America , Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest , with British settlement beginning in 1843 . The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings , in particular its two most famous landmarks , Parliament Buildings ( finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia ) and the Empress hotel ( opened in 1908 ) . The city 's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco 's . The region 's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement , possibly several thousand years earlier , which had large populations at the time of European exploration . Known as The Garden City , Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry . Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life , according to Numbeo . The city has a large non-local student population [ citation needed ] , who come to attend the Victoria College of Art , the Canadian College of Performing Arts , and high school programs run by the region 's three school districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Catriona Le May Doan - long track speed skater Simon Whitfield - triathlete Silken Laumann - rower Alexandre Despatie -diver General Walter Natynczyk -Canadian Chief of the Defence Staff Allison Forsyth -skier Derek Porter -rower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catriona_Le_May_Doan', 'summary': 'Catriona Ann Le May Doan , OC ( born December 23 , 1970 ) is a Canadian speed skater and a double Olympic champion in the 500 m .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Simon_Whitfield', 'summary': 'Simon St. Quentin Whitfield ( born 16 May 1975 in Kingston , Ontario ) is a retired Olympic triathlon champion from Canada . Whitfield won 10 consecutive Canadian Triathlon Championships titles and carried the Canadian national flag during the 2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in Sydney , where he had won his gold medal , and the opening ceremony at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , making him one of few Canadian athletes to be honoured twice as Olympic flag bearer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Silken_Laumann', 'summary': 'Silken Suzette Laumann , MSC ( born November 14 , 1964 ) is a Canadian champion rower .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexandre_Despatie', 'summary': 'Alexandre Despatie ( French : [ alɛksɑ̃dʁ depati ] ; born June 8 , 1985 ) is a Canadian diver and broadcaster from Laval , Quebec . He was the world champion at the 1 and 3 m springboards from 2005 to 2007 and is the first , and so far only , diver to have been world champion in all three individual categories ( 1 , 3 and 10 m platform ) . He is also a 37-time Canadian senior diving champion , and nine-time junior champion . He was born in Montreal , Quebec , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Natynczyk', 'summary': 'Walter John Walt Natynczyk , CMM MSC CD ( /nəˈtɪntʃɪk/ nə-TIN-chik ) is a retired Canadian Army general who has served as Deputy Minister of Veterans Affairs since 2014 . He was the President of the Canadian Space Agency from 2013 to 2014 and Chief of the Defence Staff of the Canadian Armed Forces from 2008 to 2012 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Allison_Forsyth', 'summary': 'Allison Forsyth ( born 14 October 1978 ) is a Canadian former alpine skier from Nanaimo , British Columbia who competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics . She retired from competitive skiing after the 2007-2008 season , due to injuries suffered over her career , and to start a family . Forsyth is married to Steve Grywul , and has children .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Derek_Porter', 'summary': 'Derek Nesbitt-Porter ( born 2 November 1967 ) is a gold medal-winning Olympic rower from Canada .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oct 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': "British Columbia : Victoria , Sooke , T'Sou-ke , Metchosin , Colwood , Fort Rodd Hill , Fisgard Lighthouse , Langford , Mill Bay , Cowichan Bay , Kw'amutsun First Nation , Duncan , North Cowichan , Lake Cowichan , Ganges , Crofton , Chemainus , Ladysmith , Cedar , Snuneymuxw First Nation , Nanaimo", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Victoria ( Saanich : METULIYE mətúliyə ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia , located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast . The city has a population of 85,792 , and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 . Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre , which is a greater population density than Toronto . Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada , and is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from British Columbia 's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland . The city is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from Seattle by airplane , ferry , or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily , year round between Seattle and Victoria , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Port Angeles , Washington , by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and , at the time , British North America , Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest , with British settlement beginning in 1843 . The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings , in particular its two most famous landmarks , Parliament Buildings ( finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia ) and the Empress hotel ( opened in 1908 ) . The city 's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco 's . The region 's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement , possibly several thousand years earlier , which had large populations at the time of European exploration . Known as The Garden City , Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry . Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life , according to Numbeo . The city has a large non-local student population [ citation needed ] , who come to attend the Victoria College of Art , the Canadian College of Performing Arts , and high school programs run by the region 's three school districts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sooke,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Sooke /suːk/ is a district municipality on the southern tip of Vancouver Island , Canada , 38 kilometres by road from Victoria , the capital of British Columbia . Sooke , the westernmost of Greater Victoria 's Western Communities , is to the north and west of the Sooke Basin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Metchosin,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'The District of Metchosin is a municipality and community in Greater Victoria on the southern tip of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . It is a coastal community adjacent to the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Metchosin is part of the Western Communities and one of the 13 regional municipalities .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Colwood,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Colwood is a city located on Vancouver Island to the southwest of Victoria , capital of British Columbia . Colwood was incorporated in 1985 and has a population of approximately 17,000 people . Colwood lies within the boundaries of the Greater Victoria area or Capital Regional District , in a region called the West Shore , or the West Shore . It is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria . Set along more than 5km of oceanfront , this fast-growing seaside community is home to abundant forests , parks and trails as well as several historic sites including Fort Rodd Hill , Fosgard Lighthouse and Hatley Castle . One of Colwood 's best known landmark is Hatley Castle , now home to Royal Roads University . It is a Scottish Baronial mansion and grounds originally built as a residence for James Dunsmuir , Premier and later Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia . Colwood almost became the seat of the Crown of the Commonwealth realm in 1940 , when , after the start of World War II , the government planned to relocate King George VI , Queen Elizabeth , and their children , Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret , to the castle for protection . But they decided to stay in London and Windsor , near the European front . The government transferred the estate to the Canadian Armed Forces . It adapted the site for use as Royal Roads Military College , a naval training facility from 1941-mid-1990s . The military college was closed in the 1990s , and the estate is now the campus of the public Royal Roads University , which opened in 1995 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fort_Rodd_Hill_National_Historic_Site', 'summary': 'Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Site is a 19th-century coastal artillery fort on the Colwood , British Columbia side of Esquimalt Harbour , ( Greater Victoria/Victoria BC Metropolitan Area ) . The site is adjacent to Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site , the first lighthouse on the west coast of Canada . Both the fort and lighthouse are managed and presented to the public by Parks Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fisgard_Lighthouse_National_Historic_Site', 'summary': 'Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site , on Fisgard Island at the mouth of Esquimalt Harbour in Colwood , British Columbia , is the site of Fisgard Lighthouse , the first lighthouse on the west coast of Canada . Fisgard Lighthouse is about 10 kilometres ( 6.2 miles ) by boat or 12.5 kilometres ( 7.8 miles ) by car from downtown Victoria . Automated in 1929 , the light shows a white isophase light of 2 second period in a sector from 322° to 195° at 21.6 metres ( 71 ft ) above mean sea level , and in other directions it shows red shutters . The white 14.6-metre ( 48 ft ) tower is floodlit below balcony level .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Langford,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Langford is a city on southern Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia , Canada . Langford is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria and is within the Capital Regional District . Langford was incorporated in 1992 and has a population of over 40,000 people . Its municipal neighbours are Colwood to the southeast , Highlands to the north , Metchosin to the southwest , and View Royal to the northeast .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mill_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Mill Bay is a commuter town of about 3,200 people located on Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada about 30 km ( 19 mi ) north of Victoria , the capital . Mill Bay was founded in the 1860s with lumber and milling as its primary industries , done at the mill on the bay . It was named for the sawmill built in the area in 1861 by Henry S. Shepherd soon purchased by William Sayward . :174 It is known for its ferry to Brentwood Bay on the Saanich Peninsula and the historic Malahat Drive , which is also a source of criticism due to frequent closures from either automobile accidents or weather conditions . [ citation needed ] Numerous suggestions have been made by various groups regarding a 'bypass ' route ( possibly a bridge ) , though as of 2007 , the Brentwood-Mill Bay Ferry and the Malahat remain the best routes to Greater Victoria from the rest of Vancouver Island ( a third route goes south from Lake Cowichan via Port Renfrew to Victoria ) . The MV Mill Bay that has served the ferry route since 1956 is named for the town but was taken out of service in 2011 and is now served by the MV Klitsa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cowichan_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Cowichan Bay ( English : /ˈkaʊɪtʃæn/ ) is a bay and community located on the east coast of southern Vancouver Island near Duncan , in British Columbia . The mouth of the Cowichan River is near Cowichan Bay . Mount Tzouhalem and its hiking trails and ecological reserve stands to the north . The bay is known for its fishing and scenic value . The area 's main industries are fishing and tourism ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Duncan,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Duncan ( pop . 4,944 ) is a city on southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . It is the smallest city by area ( 2.07 square kilometres , 0.8 square miles ) in the nation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Cowichan,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "North Cowichan ( Canada 2016 Census population 29,676 ) is a District municipality established in 1873 located on Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . The municipality is part of the Cowichan Valley Regional District . North Cowichan is noted for a landscape including forests , beaches , rivers and lakes . The municipality encompasses the communities of Crofton , Chemainus , Maple Bay and the 'south end ' which is essentially a suburb of the City of Duncan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lake_Cowichan,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Lake Cowichan ( Nitinaht : ʕaʔk̓ʷaq c̓uubaʕsaʔtx̣ ) , ( pop . 2,974 ) , is a town located on the east end of Cowichan Lake and , by highway , is 27 kilometres ( 17 mi ) west of Duncan , British Columbia . The town of Lake Cowichan was incorporated in 1944 . The Cowichan River flows through the middle of the town . Cowichan Lake is British Columbia 's second-most pristine lake [ citation needed ] and Cowichan River is designated as a Heritage River . Lake Cowichan is at the western end of the Trans Canada Trail , which , when completed , will be one of the longest trail networks in the world at almost 24,000 kilometres ( 15,000 mi ) length . Youbou , with a population of about 1,000 people ; Mesachie Lake , British Columbia with a population of about 800 people ; and Honeymoon Bay with a population of about 600 people are three nearby communities of Lake Cowichan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ganges,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Ganges , British Columbia is an unincorporated community on Salt Spring Island in the province of British Columbia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Crofton,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Crofton , British Columbia , is a small coastal town that is part of the District of North Cowichan on southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia . The town has a population of 1,373 people as of 2016 . It is about 74 km north of Victoria . The town was establish in 1902 to accommodate a smelter for the copper being mined at nearby Mount Sicker , and was named after Henry Croft , the mine owner . The worldwide drop in copper prices in 1907 ( the Panic of 1907 ) saw the smelter shut down in 1908 , and the town slowed down . A pulp and paper mill was built in town in 1956 , giving new life to the town . Crofton also houses a BC Ferries terminal to Salt Spring Island .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chemainus,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Chemainus /ʃʌˈmeɪnəs/ is a community in the Chemainus Valley on the east coast of southern Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada . Founded as an unincorporated logging town in 1858 , Chemainus is now famous for its 53 outdoor murals . This outdoor gallery has given birth to many businesses , including a theatre , antiques dealers , and eateries . The tourist industry stemming from the murals helped rejuvenate the town after its large sawmill closed in the early 1980s and was replaced by a smaller , more efficient , mill .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ladysmith,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Ladysmith , originally Oyster Harbour , is a town located on the 49th parallel north on the east coast of Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada . The local economy is based on forestry , tourism , and agriculture . A green hill location adjacent to a sheltered harbour forms the natural geography of the community . As of 2016 [ update ] , the population was 8,537 . The area of the town was 11.99 square kilometres . Total private dwellings were 3,754 . Population density was 711.9 people per square kilometre .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cedar,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Cedar is a small community in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is located near the east coast of Vancouver Island - about 8 kilometres ( 5.0 mi ) southeast of Nanaimo . Its geographical coordinates are 49°07′N 123°51′W / 49.117°N 123.850°W / 49.117 ; -123.850 . The village was so named because of the profusion of Thuja plicata trees in its vicinity , known as the Western Red Cedar . Cedar as a locality existed prior to 1888 , as on April 1 , that year , a post office was opened .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Snuneymuxw_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Snuneymuxw First Nation ( pronounced [ snʊˈneɪməxʷ ] ) is currently located in and around Nanaimo on east-central Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada . Although the Snuneymuxw now only have a total reserve land base of 266 hectares , divided into small , separated reserves , they once occupied a wide region of south-central Vancouver Island where they lived for more than 5,000 years . Snuneymuxw Territory on the eastern coast of Vancouver Island , the Gulf Islands , and the Fraser River in the British Columbia was in the center of Coast Salish territory . Their language is the Hulquminum language . The Snuneymuxw First Nation is responsible for the operation of Newcastle Island Marine Provincial Park . The Manson , Wyse , Good , Seward , White , Wesley , Brown , Johnny and Thomas families are prominent in the Snuneymuxw First Nation community .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nanaimo', 'summary': 'Nanaimo ( /nəˈnaɪmoʊ/ ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . As of the 2016 census , it had a population of 90,504 . It is known as The Harbour City . The city was previously known as the Hub City , which has been attributed to its original layout design where the streets radiated out from the shoreline like the spokes of a wagon wheel , as well as its generally centralized location on Vancouver Island . Nanaimo is also the headquarters of the Regional District of Nanaimo .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia : Nanaimo , Lantzville , Nanoose Bay , Parksville , Coombs , Hilliers , Port Alberni , Hupacasath First Nation , Tseshaht First Nation , Ucluelet , Long Beach in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve , Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations , Tofino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nanaimo', 'summary': 'Nanaimo ( /nəˈnaɪmoʊ/ ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . As of the 2016 census , it had a population of 90,504 . It is known as The Harbour City . The city was previously known as the Hub City , which has been attributed to its original layout design where the streets radiated out from the shoreline like the spokes of a wagon wheel , as well as its generally centralized location on Vancouver Island . Nanaimo is also the headquarters of the Regional District of Nanaimo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lantzville,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Lantzville is a coastal community on the east side of Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada along the western shore of the Strait of Georgia and immediately north of the City of Nanaimo . The District of Lantzville was incorporated on June 25 , 2003 . It covers an area of 27.87 square kilometres and has a population of 3,807 . The district is almost completely residential , with some commercial buildings on Lantzville Road ( formerly part of the Island Highway ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nanoose_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Nanoose Bay is a community in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is located between Nanaimo and Parksville on the Strait of Georgia in the Regional District of Nanaimo , on the east coast of Vancouver Island , and had a population of 5,919 in the Canada 2016 Census . The town is named after a First Nations band related to the Nanaimo First Nations . The Schooner Cove Marina with 400 berths is a destination for boaters from throughout the Pacific Northwest . The Canadian Forces Maritime Experimental Test Range ( CFMETR ) , a joint Canadian-American testing facility for torpedoes and other maritime warfare and listening equipment , has operated out of Nanoose Bay since 1965 . There was a protest camp set up along the highway during the 1970s and 1980s protesting the CFMETR . The ghost town of Red Gap , which was the site of the Straits Lumber Mill from 1912 to 1942 , is nearby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Parksville,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Parksville is a city on Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . The city lies along Highway 19A , 37 kilometres northwest of Nanaimo , 48 kilometres east of Port Alberni and 7 kilometres southeast of Qualicum Beach . The majority of Parksville 's land base lies between Englishman River and French Creek , although a substantial portion of the city lies east of Englishman River , along the western shores of Craig Bay . As of the 2016 Census , Parksville 's population was 12,514 , representing a 4.5% increase over the 2011 Census . Parksville is well known for its large , sandy beaches at Parksville Bay and Craig Bay . The city 's best-known annual event since 1982 is a sandcastle-building competition held from mid-July to mid-August , dubbed 'Parksville Beachfest ' . Beachfest is the only World Championship Sand Sculpting official qualification event in Canada . Local media , businesses , and civil services frequently refer to Parksville , with its adjacent municipalities , as the community of 'Oceanside ' , typically including Qualicum Beach , French Creek , Coombs/Hilliers , Errington , Nanoose , Bowser and Deep Bay . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Coombs,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Coombs is a small community on Vancouver Island in British Columbia , situated on provincial highway 4A approximately 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) west of Parksville . Coombs is home to approximately 1,327 people and is renowned for its Old Country Market ( which features a family of goats living on the roof ) , Butterfly World ( which includes a small indoor tropical rainforest ) , the 106 year old Coombs Fall Fair and the Coombs Bluegrass Festival held every B.C . Day weekend . The history of Coombs goes back many years . The Ford House which is the old log house situated on the Alberni Highway is dated back to early 1900 's . The pioneer Walter Ford house was completed in 1911 . Next to the Ford House is the old General Store which also always housed the General Post Office . The Coombs Fair Grounds is an active place throughout the year . The Rodeo Grounds just up the highway heading towards Port Alberni is a successful and active place during the summer months . The railway line is also a huge part of the history of Coombs . Along with the United Church and just over the French Creek Bridge is the French Creek School , opened in 1912 , which closed in 2015 but is used now as a Coombs Community Commons . French Creek school was a huge asset to the community for over 100 years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Alberni', 'summary': "Port Alberni ( /ælˈbɜːrni/ ) is a city located on Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia , Canada . Port Alberni has a total population of 17,678 , and a census agglomeration area of 25,112 . Port Alberni is a deep port city which lies within the Alberni Valley at the head of the Alberni Inlet , Vancouver Island 's longest inlet . It is the location of the head offices of the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hupacasath_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Hupacasath First Nation is a First Nations government based in the Alberni Valley on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . It is a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council . An alternate spelling of Hupacasath is Opetchesaht or Opitchesaht . Hupacasath First Nation consists of approximately 300 members across five reserves . In September 2012 , the Government of Canada Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement signed a trade agreement with Chinese investors giving them control over major assets such as coal on its 232,000-hectare territory . It comes into effect when it has been ratified by both sides . The Hupacasath First Nations community argued in federal court in June that the federal government is required to consult First Nations under Section 35 of the Constitution Act , which provides constitutional protection to the aboriginal and treaty rights of aboriginal peoples in Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tseshaht_First_Nation', 'summary': 'Tseshaht First Nation is an amalgamation of many tribes up and down Alberni Inlet and in the Alberni Valley of central Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia . They are a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council which includes all other Nuu-chah-nulth-aht peoples except the Pacheedaht First Nation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ucluelet', 'summary': 'Ucluelet ( /juːˈkluːlɪt/ , also Ukee locally ) is a district municipality ( population about 1,717 ) on the Ucluelet Peninsula on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . Ucluelet means people of the safe harbour in the indigenous Nuu-chah-nulth ( Nootka ) language .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach_(British_Columbia)', 'summary': "Long Beach is the largest and longest beach in the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve on the west coast of Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada . It is located on Wickaninnish Bay between Tofino ( NW ) and Ucluelet ( SE ) and is adjoined by campgrounds and picnic areas . The Tofino-Ucluelet highway parallels the entirety of the beach . The beach 's consistent surf , exposed to the open Pacific Ocean , established it as one of the earliest and most popular surfing locations in British Columbia . Long Beach features rocky 'islands ' in the mid-tidal zone of the beach that are accessible only at low tide ; when the tide is high , these islands are either surrounded by water or thrashed by ocean swells . In addition , dangerous rip currents exist around the larger islands , and to some extent in the open sea farther out . Unsupervised swimming is considered extremely hazardous , and park visitors have been swept from shorebound rocks during storm season ; for this reason , beach access is restricted during heavy storm weather . Prominently posted signs warn about the danger of visiting the beach during high tide , as shorebound logs can be shifted unexpectedly by swells that wash onto the higher reaches of the beach ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pacific_Rim_National_Park_Reserve', 'summary': 'Pacific Rim National Park Reserve is a 511 km2 ( 197 sq mi ) park located in British Columbia , Canada , which comprises three separate regions : Long Beach , the Broken Group Islands , and the West Coast Trail . It represents the Pacific Coast Mountains landscape which is characterized by rugged coasts and temperate rainforests . Widespread vegetation found in the park includes western hemlock , Sitka spruce , western red-cedar , deer fern and sword fern . Animal species vary from marine and intertidal species , such as humpback whales and ochre sea star , to terrestrial mammals , such as Vancouver Island wolves . For recreational purposes , Long Beach is used for surfing and windsurfing , the Broken Group for sea kayaking , and the West Coast Trail for hiking , as well as camping in all areas and scuba diving in the winter months in the Long Beach and Broken Group areas . The Wickaninnish Beach Provincial Park formed the nucleus upon which the national park was assembled . After years of negotiation between the federal government and the provincial government of W.A.C . Bennett , a breakthrough was reached after Jean Chrétien took over for Arthur Laing as the federal minister responsible for parks . British Columbia adopted the West Coast National Park Act in 1969 and the two governments signed an agreement in 1970 to create the park through land assembly and extinguishing forestry rights . Following protracted negotiations , the park was finally added to the National Parks Act in 2000 , classified as a park reserve based on an accepted claim of certain rights to the area by the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht_First_Nations', 'summary': 'The Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations are a Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation ( band government ) in Canada . They live on ten reserves along the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve on Vancouver Island , British Columbia . The band is part of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council . There were 618 people living in the Tla-o-qui-aht reserves in 1995 . Their primary economic activities are fishing and tourism .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tofino,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Tofino is a district of approximately 1,932 residents on the west coast of Vancouver Island in the Canadian province of British Columbia . The district is located at the western terminus of Highway 4 on the tip of the Esowista Peninsula at the southern edge of Clayoquot Sound . A popular tourist destination in the summer , Tofino 's population swells to many times its winter size . It attracts surfers , hikers , nature lovers , bird watchers , campers , whale watchers , fishers , or anyone just looking to be close to nature . In the winter it is not as bustling , although many people visit Tofino and the West Coast to watch storms on the water . Close to Tofino is Long Beach , a scenic and popular year-round destination , at the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve . With its natural hot springs , Maquinna Marine Provincial Park is a popular day-trip destination for tourists . Reachable by boat or floatplane , the park is located about 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) north of Tofino ."}]}, {'value': 'Chun Lee-Kyung - short track speed skater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chun_Lee-Kyung', 'summary': "Chun Lee-kyung ( Hangul : 전이경 , Hanja : 全利卿 ; born January 6 , 1976 in Okcheon , Chungcheongbuk-do ) is a retired South Korean short track speed skater . She is a four-time Olympic Champion and three-time Overall World Champion for 1995-1997 . She was a dominant force in International Short Track Speed Skating during the mid-1990s . Chun took part in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville , France , at the age of 15 , but failed to win much attention . In 1994 , however , Chun won two gold medals at the Lillehammer Winter Olympic Games . She won the women 's 1000 m final , defeating the reigning World Champion Nathalie Lambert and former World Champion Kim So-hee , and was part of the team that won the 3000 m relay in a world record time along with Kim . Between 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics , Chun won the Overall World Championship three times in a row , in 1995 , 1996 and 1997 ( becoming the second person to have won three consecutive Overall World Championships ) . She shared the 1997 title though with Yang Yang ( A ) , her most significant career rival . She also won the Overall World Cup title for 1997-1998 season . In 1998 , at the Nagano Winter Olympics , Chun successfully defended both of her Olympic titles , by defeating China 's Yang Yang ( A ) and Yang Yang ( S ) in the 1000 m final after trailing for most of the race . Yang Yang ( A ) crossed the line together with Chun in what was ruled and reviewed as a photo finish , but was then disqualified for cross tracking Chun at the very end as Chun tried to pass on the inside ( although the photo finish seemed to show Chun having defeated her for the gold regardless ) . She led the relay team to another Olympic victory with world record time , completing the first double-double in Olympic short track history ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': "British Columbia : Qualicum Beach , Qualicum First Nation , Bowser , Fanny Bay , Union Bay , Royston , Cumberland , Courtenay , K'ómoks First Nation , Comox , CFB Comox , Black Creek , Campbell River First Nation , Campbell River", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qualicum_Beach,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Qualicum Beach is a town located on Vancouver Island British Columbia , Canada . At the 2016 census , it had a population of 8,943 . It is situated at the foot of Mount Arrowsmith , along the Strait of Georgia on Vancouver Island 's northeastern coast . Qualicum 's natural environment and proximity to Victoria and Vancouver have made it a tourist destination , with rental cottages along its coast . It is also a retirement community , and has the oldest average population in Canada with a median age of 65.9 in 2016 . Qualicum Beach is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway , an airport , and a nearby ferry to Lasqueti Island . It is informally considered a twin city with neighbouring Parksville ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Qualicum_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Qualicum First Nation is a First Nations band government located in Qualicum Bay at the mouth of the Big Qualicum River , near Qualicum Beach on Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bowser,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Bowser ( /ˈbaʊzər/ BOW-zər ) is a community on the east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada . It has a population of 1,729 . Approximately 66 km north of Nanaimo , Bowser is in a region informally known as Lighthouse Country , spanning a stretch of highway that extends from Qualicum Beach in the south to Horne Lake to the west and Fanny Bay in the north and east to Denman and Hornby Islands . Bowser is in the Regional District of Nanaimo and in its Electoral Area H , one of eight in the District . The community was named after William J. Bowser , Premier of British Columbia from 1915 to 1916 . Bowser 's local hotel was famous in the 1930s for a dog trained by his owners to deliver beer bottles to tables , receive the payment , and deliver change , a feat listed in Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! . A regular customer of the Bowser Hotel was Jack Holt , a veteran of the Boer War who was Bowser 's postmaster from the period during World War I until the late 1950s . Bowser has lent its name to a soil series which is widespread on eastern Vancouver Island . Bowser loamy sand is mapped under the whole community ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fanny_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Fanny Bay is a small hamlet in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is located on Baynes Sound on the east coast of Vancouver Island . In 2001 , its population was listed as 815 . It is best known for its fine oysters .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Union_Bay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Union Bay in British Columbia , Canada is a small community approximately 15 kilometres ( 9 mi ) south of Courtenay , British Columbia , the largest city in the Comox Valley . Union Bay is populated by about 1200 people and is an unincorporated site within the Comox Valley Regional District . The street along Highway 19A features a boatlaunch , coffee shop , and market/cafe . Also along the highway are the heritage Gaolhouse museum , Post Office , church , and now closed school . The community has a rich history that is intertwined with that of Cumberland , British Columbia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Royston,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Royston is an unincorporated community which is part of the greater Comox Valley region , 100 km northwest of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island , in British Columbia , Canada . It is situated next to the Trent River , across the harbour from Comox and lies on the southeast municipal boundary of Courtenay . It has a population of just over 1500 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cumberland,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Cumberland is an incorporated village municipality in the Comox Valley on Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Courtenay,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Courtenay ( /ˈkɔːrtni/ KORT-nee ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island , in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is the largest community and only city in the area commonly known as the Comox Valley , and the seat of the Comox Valley Regional District , which replaced the Comox-Strathcona Regional District . Courtenay is 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) west of the town of Comox , 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) northeast of the village of Cumberland , 5 km ( 3.1 mi ) northwest of the unincorporated settlement of Royston , and 108 km ( 67 mi ) northwest of Nanaimo . Along with Nanaimo and Victoria , it is home to The Canadian Scottish Regiment ( Princess Mary 's ) , a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces ."}, {'url': "/wiki/K'ómoks_First_Nation", 'summary': "The K'ómoks First Nation , also known as the Comox Indian Band , is the band government of the Island Comox or K'ómoks people of Vancouver Island , British Columbia , Canada . Closely allied to the Cape Mudge and Campbell River First Nations , historically they were a Coast Salish people since integrated into Kwakwaka'wakw society . Originally part of the Laich-kwil-tach Council of Chiefs , which is a treaty society , they are now negotiating independently in the BC Treaty Process . They remain a member government of the Kwakiutl District Council ( a tribal council ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Comox,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Comox ( English : /ˈkoʊmoʊks/ ) is a town of about 15,000 people on the southern coast of the Comox Peninsula in the Georgia Strait on the eastern coast of Vancouver Island , British Columbia . The warm dry summers , mild winters , fertile soil and abundant sea life attracted First Nations thousands of years ago ( citation needed ) , who called the area kw'umuxws ( Kwak'wala , the adopted language of the K'omoks , for plentiful ) . When the area was opened for settlement in the mid-19th century , it quickly attracted farmers , a lumber industry and a fishing industry . For over fifty years , the village remained isolated from the outside world other than by ship until roads and a railway were built into the area during the First World War . The installation of an air force base near the village during the Second World War brought new prosperity to the area , and in recent years , Comox has become a popular tourist attraction due to its good fishing , local wildlife , year-round golf and proximity to the Mount Washington ski area , the Forbidden Plateau , and Strathcona Provincial Park . The town is also home to a Royal Canadian Air Force base CFB Comox , an airport for military and commercial airline use and the Sea Cadet training facility HMCS Quadra . The mild climate has attracted many retirees to the area in the 21st century , resulting in a high rate of growth and a sharp increase in the median age of residents . Comox town is in the Comox Valley , along with several other communities , including Courtenay , Cumberland , and the unincorporated hamlets of Royston , Union Bay , Fanny Bay , Black Creek and Merville . The nearby Comox Glacier is visible from many parts of the town and is the area 's signature landmark ."}, {'url': '/wiki/CFB_Comox', 'summary': "Canadian Forces Base Comox ( IATA : YQQ , ICAO : CYQQ ) , commonly referred to as CFB Comox or 19 Wing is a Canadian Forces Base located 2.5 nautical miles ( 4.6 km ; 2.9 mi ) north northeast of Comox , British Columbia . It is primarily operated as an air force base by the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) and is one of two bases in the country using the CP-140 Aurora anti-submarine/maritime patrol and surveillance aircraft . Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 19 Wing , commonly referred to as 19 Wing Comox . CFB Comox 's airfield is also used by civilian aircraft . The civilian passenger terminal building operations are called the Comox Valley Airport and are operated by the Comox Valley Airport Commission . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Black_Creek,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Black Creek is a community on the eastern side of Vancouver Island , British Columbia . It is approximately 16 km north of Courtenay . It is primarily an agricultural hamlet and bedroom community to Courtenay and Campbell River - approximately 20 km to the north . It is part of Electoral Area C in the Comox Valley Regional District .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Laich-kwil-tach', 'summary': "Laich-kwil-tach ( also spelled Ligwilda'xw ) , is the Anglicization of the Kwak'wala autonomy by the Southern Kwakiutl people of Quadra Island and Campbell River in British Columbia , Canada . There are today two main groups ( of perhaps five original separate groups ) : the Wei Wai Kai ( Cape Mudge Band ) and Wei Wai Kum just across on the Vancouver Island mainland in the town of Campbell River . In addition to these two main groups there are the Kwiakah ( Kwiakah Band / Kwiakah First Nation ) originally from Phillips Arm and Frederick Arm and the Discovery Islands , the Tlaaluis ( Laa'luls ) between Bute and Loughborough Inlets - after a great war between the Kwakiutl and the Salish peoples they were so reduced in numbers that they joined the Kwiakah - and the Walitsima / Walitsum Band of Salmon River ( also called Hahamatses or Salmon River Band ) . So great was the power of the Southern Kwakiutl that the Comox people of the Courtenay-Comox came to speak Kwak'wala instead of K'omox , which today remains spoken by their kin the Sliammon and Homalhko on the other side of Georgia Strait around Powell River . Many of the Wewaykum in Campbell River are of Comox descent , while the Weewaikai of the Cape Mudge Band retain noble lineages and ceremonies going back centuries to their roots in the Queen Charlotte Strait . The great potlatches of the Cape Mudge chiefs are celebrated in the book Chiefly Feasts : The Enduring Kwakiutl Potlatch ( A. Donaitis , U. Wash Press ) . The Southern Kwakiutl remain politically separate from their distant kin , the Kwakwaka'wakw , whose name means speakers of Kwak'wala who remained in the Queen Charlotte Strait . The Kwagu ' ł or Northern Kwakiutl of Fort Rupert are more closely allied and related to the Southern Kwakiutl than are the Kwakwaka'wakw . The term Kwakiutl has different political and historical associations with each of these groups , and has associations with one band in particular over all others , which is one reason why Kwakwaka'wakw evolved as the collective name for the main group of Queen Charlotte Strait Kwak'wala-speakers . The Southern Kwakiutl have always called themselves Laich-kwil-tach , at least since moving into the Georgia Strait . Laich-kwil-tach raids on the southern Georgia Strait , Puget Sound , and even up the Fraser River and out into the Strait of Juan de Fuca , and northwards , are described in the annals of the early non-First Nations explorers and traders . There was one notable incident shortly after the founding of Fort Langley in which the Hudson 's Bay Company ( HBC ) staff repelled a siege by the Euclataws ( i.e ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Campbell_River,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Campbell River or Wiwek̓a̱m is a city in British Columbia on the east coast of Vancouver Island at the south end of Discovery Passage , which lies along the important Inside Passage shipping route . Campbell River has a population ( 2016 census ) of 35,138 and has long been touted as the Salmon Capital of the World . Campbell River and Region is in close proximity to the neighboring communities of Quadra and the Discovery Islands , Sayward , Oyster River , Gold River , Tahsis and Zeballos .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia : Sandspit , Skidegate , Queen Charlotte Yukon : Whitehorse British Columbia : Taku River Tlingit First Nation , Atlin Yukon : Kwanlin Dün First Nation , Whitehorse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandspit,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Sandspit is the largest community on Moresby Island , in Haida Gwaii off the Pacific coast of British Columbia , Canada . The only town on Moresby Island , Sandspit has accommodations , a campground , supermarket and 85-berth harbor serving visitors to Gwaii Haanas . The unincorporated community had a population of 296 as of the 2016 census , down from 297 in 2011 . The community is served by Sandspit Airport with daily flights to and from Vancouver , as well as multiple ferry voyages from Alliford Bay to Skidegate Landing on Graham Island . Near the airport , a copper and cedar sculpture of a salmon by island artist Lon Sharp dominates the main road . Sandspit is also home to the Open Ocean totem pole by Jesse Jones , Jimmy Jones and Jason Goetzinger . The Circle Tour leaves and returns to Sandspit on active gravel logging road past Skidegate Lake , Copper River , Gray Bay beach , and Copper Bay , where traditional Haida people fish for sockeye salmon and hang the fish out to dry in May and early June .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skidegate,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Skidegate /ˈskɪdɪɡɪt/ ( Haida : Hlg̱aagilda ) is a Haida community in Haida Gwaii ( formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands ) in British Columbia , Canada . It is located on the southeast coast of Graham Island , the largest island in the archipelago , and is approximately 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) west of mainland British Columbia across Hecate Strait . Skidegate , which is located on Skidegate Indian Reserve No . 1 and was formerly home to the Skidegate Mission is also the northern terminal for the BC Ferries service between Graham Island and Alliford Bay on Moresby Island . According to tradition , the village was named after an earlier village chief , Sg̱iida-gidg̱a Iihllngas = Son of the Chiton ] whose name late 18th-century traders in sea otter pelts recorded as Skidegate . Between 1790 and 1820 the community was a hub for the exploitation of sea otter furs . Skidegate is home to a number of totem poles :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Queen_Charlotte,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "The Village of Queen Charlotte , more commonly known by its residents as Charlotte , is a village municipality on Haida Gwaii ( formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands ) in the province of British Columbia , Canada . It is located on the southern end of Graham Island at Skidegate Inlet and is a member municipality of the North Coast Regional District . It was founded in 1891 and in 1908 was the first townsite registered in the islands although it was n't incorporated as a municipality until 2005. was previously been represented as part of Electoral Area F of that regional district , which was coterminous with the Queen Charlotte Islands ( which now comprises Electoral Areas D and E ) . The town site was established when the first sawmill in the archipelago began operating in 1908 . In the wake of World War I , additional work force was needed to supply allied warplanes with lumber . The town infrastructure quickly developed , offering public education , a hospital , general stores and other amenities , even a newspaper . Logging and fishing were the main source of jobs in Queen Charlotte when the demand for lumber again increased by the second half of the 20th century . Today , few inhabitants are working in these resource-based jobs and a recent shift towards tourism-oriented employment has been observed , although the main economic driver is government jobs , including : hospital workers , school district , BC Ferries , local Forestry and Parks offices etc . Queen Charlotte was incorporated in 2005 and offers several motels , shops , restaurants , a gas station and auto repair , a credit union , RCMP station and a hospital . It is also the location of the Queen Charlotte Visitor Centre , which is open year-round . With its small harbour . Queen Charlotte is often the starting-point for chartered tours into Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on southern Moresby Island ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon', 'summary': "Whitehorse is the capital and only city of Yukon , and the largest city in northern Canada . It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 ( Historic Mile 918 ) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon . Whitehorse 's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River , which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska . The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse , near Miles Canyon , before the river was dammed . Because of the city 's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean , the climate is milder than comparable northern communities such as Yellowknife . At this latitude winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight . Whitehorse , as reported by Guinness World Records , is the city with the least air pollution in the world . As of the 2016 census , the population was 25,085 . This represents approximately 70 percent of the entire population of Yukon territory ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Taku_River_Tlingit_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Taku River Tlingit First Nation are the band government of the Inland Tlinkit in far northern British Columbia , Canada and also in Yukon . They comprise two ḵwaan ( tribes ) of the Tlingit people , who are otherwise coastal , the Áa Tlein Ḵwáan of the Atlin Lake area and the Deisleen Ḵwáan of Teslin Lake , whose main focus is the Teslin Tlingit Council in Teslin , Yukon . Their band offices are in Atlin , British Columbia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Atlin,_British_Columbia', 'summary': 'Atlin ( Tlingit : Áa Tlein ) is a community in northwestern British Columbia , Canada , located on the eastern shore of Atlin Lake . In addition to continued gold-mining activity , Atlin is a tourist destination for fishing , hiking and Heliskiing . As of 2004 , there are 450 permanent residents . The name comes from Áa Tlein , the Tlingit language word for big body of water . The surrounding area has been used by Inland Tlingit people for many years and the community is home to the Taku River Tlingit First Nation . Each July the town hosts the Atlin Arts & Music Festival in Tarahne Park , however no festival took place in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kwanlin_Dün_First_Nation', 'summary': 'The Kwanlin Dün First Nation ( KDFN ) is located in and around Whitehorse in Yukon , Canada . The Kawnlin Dün is the largest First Nation in Yukon . Linguistically , the Kwanlin Dün are affiliated with the Southern Tutchone Tribal Council . The Kwanlin Dün include members who are Southern Tutchone , Tagish ( Tagish Ḵwáan ) , and Tlingit .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon', 'summary': "Whitehorse is the capital and only city of Yukon , and the largest city in northern Canada . It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 ( Historic Mile 918 ) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon . Whitehorse 's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River , which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska . The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse , near Miles Canyon , before the river was dammed . Because of the city 's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean , the climate is milder than comparable northern communities such as Yellowknife . At this latitude winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight . Whitehorse , as reported by Guinness World Records , is the city with the least air pollution in the world . As of the 2016 census , the population was 25,085 . This represents approximately 70 percent of the entire population of Yukon territory ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yukon : Dawson City , Old Crow Northwest Territories : Inuvik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dawson_City', 'summary': 'Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Old_Crow,_Yukon', 'summary': "Old Crow ( Teechik in Gwichin ) is a community in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It had 221 inhabitants as of 2016 , most of them Gwich'in . A First Nations peoples who belong to the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation . Located in a periglacial environment , the community is situated on the Porcupine River in the far northern part of the territory . Old Crow is the only Yukon community that can not be reached by motor vehicle , requiring visitors to fly in to Old Crow Airport in order to reach it . It is a dry community ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Inuvik', 'summary': 'Inuvik /ɪˈnuːvɪk/ ( place of man ) is a town in the Northwest Territories of Canada within Inuit Nunangat and is the administrative centre for the Inuvik Region .'}]}, {'value': 'Martha Benjamin-cross country skier Alisa Camplin -aerial skier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alisa_Camplin', 'summary': "Alisa Peta Camplin AM ( born 10 November 1974 ) is an Australian aerial skier who won gold at the 2002 Winter Olympics , the second ever winter Olympic gold medal for Australia . At the 2006 Winter Olympics , Camplin finished third to receive a bronze medal . She is the first Australian skier to win medals at consecutive Winter Olympics , making her one of Australia 's best skiers ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Nunavut : Kugluktuk Northwest Territories : Dettah , N'Dilo , Yellowknife", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kugluktuk', 'summary': 'Kugluktuk ( Inuinnaqtun : Qurluktuk , the place of moving water ; Inuktitut syllabics : ᖁᕐᓗᖅᑐᖅ [ quʁluqtuq ] , formerly Coppermine until 1 January 1996 ) is a hamlet located at the mouth of the Coppermine River in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut , Canada , on Coronation Gulf , southwest of Victoria Island . It is the westernmost community in Nunavut , near the border with the Northwest Territories . The traditional language of the area is Inuinnaqtun and is written using the Latin alphabet , rather than the syllabics of the Inuktitut writing system . Like Cambridge Bay , Bathurst Inlet , and Umingmaktok , syllabics are rarely seen and are used mainly by the Government of Nunavut .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dettah', 'summary': "Dettah [ pronunciation ? ] , sometimes , incorrectly , as Detah , is a First Nations community in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories , Canada . Located just southeast of the capital of Yellowknife , it is a 6.5 km ( 4.0 mi ) drive from that city by ice road across the north arm of Great Slave Lake in winter or a 27 km ( 17 mi ) drive via the Ingraham Trail , year-round . The name means 'Burnt Point ' in the Tli Cho language and refers to a traditional fishing camp used by the Dene for hundreds of years ."}, {'url': "/wiki/N'Dilo", 'summary': "Ndilǫ /ˈdiːloʊ/ is a First Nations community in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories , Canada . The small Dene community is located on the edge of Yellowknife on the tip of Latham Island . It has a population of approximately 200 people . Ndilǫ and Dettah are the communities of the Yellowknives . Ndilǫ is represented by the Yellowknives Dene First Nation ( Ndilǫ ) and are part of the Akaitcho Territory Government . The land was set aside for use by status Indians by the Government of Canada in 1947 and was called 'Lot 500 ' on the official register . In 1959 , the government built the first ten permanent houses for Dene families . They were colourful homes and so people began referring to the community as 'Rainbow Valley ' . In the 1970s there were 200 residents living in 20 houses . The name was officially changed to Ndilǫ in 1991 , which means end of the island in the local Dene dialect ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yellowknife', 'summary': "Yellowknife ( /ˈjɛloʊnaɪf/ ; Dogrib : Sǫ̀mbak ' è ) is the capital , only city , and largest community in the Northwest Territories , Canada . It is on the northern shore of Great Slave Lake , about 400 km ( 250 mi ) south of the Arctic Circle , on the west side of Yellowknife Bay near the outlet of the Yellowknife River . Yellowknife and its surrounding water bodies were named after a local Dene tribe at one time known as the Copper Indians or Yellowknife Indians , referred to locally as the Yellowknives Dene First Nation , who traded tools made from copper deposits near the Arctic Coast . Its population , which is ethnically mixed , was 19,569 per the 2016 Canadian Census . Of the eleven official languages of the Northwest Territories , five are spoken in significant numbers in Yellowknife : Dene Suline , Dogrib , South and North Slavey , English , and French . In the Dogrib language , the city is known as Sǫ̀mbak ' è ( Som-ba Kay ) ( where the money is ) . The Yellowknife settlement is considered to have been founded in 1934 , after gold was found in the area , although commercial activity in the present-day waterfront area did not begin until 1936 . Yellowknife quickly became the centre of economic activity in the NWT , and was named the capital of the Northwest Territories in 1967 . As gold production began to wane , Yellowknife shifted from being a mining town to a centre of government services in the 1980s . However , with the discovery of diamonds north of the city in 1991 , this shift began to reverse . In recent years , tourism , transportation , and communications have also emerged as significant Yellowknife industries ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alberta : Grande Prairie , Fort McMurray , CFB Cold Lake , Cold Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grande_Prairie', 'summary': "Grande Prairie is a city in northwest Alberta , Canada within the southern portion of an area known as Peace River Country . It is located at the intersection of Highway 43 ( part of the CANAMEX Corridor ) and Highway 40 ( the Bighorn Highway ) , approximately 456 km ( 283 mi ) northwest of Edmonton . The city is surrounded by the County of Grande Prairie No . 1 . Grande Prairie was the seventh-largest city in Alberta in 2016 with a population of 63,166 , and was one of Canada 's fastest growing cities between 2001 and 2006 . The city adopted the trumpeter swan as an official symbol due to its proximity to the migration route and summer nesting grounds of this bird . For that reason , Grande Prairie is sometimes nicknamed the Swan City . The dinosaur has emerged as an unofficial symbol of the city due to paleontology discoveries in the areas north and west of the Grande Prairie ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fort_McMurray', 'summary': 'Fort McMurray ( /mɪkˈmʌri/ mik-MURR-ee ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . A severe wildfire in May 2016 led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/CFB_Cold_Lake', 'summary': 'Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake ( IATA : YOD , ICAO : CYOD ) , commonly abbreviated CFB Cold Lake , is a Canadian Forces Base located 5.5 nautical miles ( 10.2 km ; 6.3 mi ) southwest of Cold Lake , Alberta . It is operated as an air force base by the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) and is one of two bases in the country housing the CF-18 Hornet fighter , the other being CFB Bagotville . Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 4 Wing , commonly referred to as 4 Wing Cold Lake . Civilian passenger service was available through the Medley passenger terminal on the periphery of the air base . The regularly scheduled air service between Calgary and the civilian terminal was cancelled in June 2011 . Unscheduled civilian air traffic is usually directed to Cold Lake Regional Airport . The facility is named Cold Lake/Group Captain R.W . McNair Airport . It is one of only three military aerodromes in Canada to be named after an individual , Valcartier ( W/C J.H.L . ( Joe ) Lecomte ) Heliport and Moose Jaw/Air Vice Marshal C.M . McEwen Airport being the others . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ; however its use by international flights is currently restricted to military aircraft and personnel .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cold_Lake,_Alberta', 'summary': 'Cold Lake is a city in northeastern Alberta , Canada and is named after the lake nearby .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Sutherland-chuckwagon racer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saskatchewan : Lac la Ronge , La Ronge Manitoba : Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lac_la_Ronge', 'summary': "Lac la Ronge is a glacial lake in Saskatchewan , Canada . It is the fifth largest lake in the province . It is approximately 250 kilometres ( 160 mi ) north of Prince Albert , on the edge of the Canadian Shield . La Ronge , Air Ronge and the Lac La Ronge First Nation are on the west shore . The lake is a popular vacation spot . Recreational activities include fishing , boating , canoeing , hiking , and camping . The Lac la Ronge Dam , an embankment dam , was constructed at the source of the Rapid River in 1966 to regulate the lake 's water level . The dam is 3.1 metres high and contains four gates . The dam was upgraded in 2007 and a fish ladder was installed ."}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Ronge,_Saskatchewan', 'summary': 'La Ronge is a northern town in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan , Canada . Its location is approximately 250 km ( 160 mi ) north of Prince Albert where Highway 2 becomes Highway 102 . La Ronge lies on the western shore of Lac la Ronge , is adjacent to Lac La Ronge Provincial Park , and is on the edge of the Canadian Shield . This town is also the namesake of the larger La Ronge population centre comprising the community , the Northern Village of Air Ronge and the Kitsakie 156B and Lac La Ronge 156 reserves of the Lac La Ronge First Nation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Thompson ( population 13,678 ) is the largest city in the Northern Region of Manitoba and is situated along the Burntwood River , 761 kilometers ( 473 miles ) north of Winnipeg . Originally founded in 1956 as a mining town , Thompson now primarily serves as the Hub of the North , providing goods and services ( e.g. , healthcare , retail trade ) to the surrounding communities . Thompson 's trade area is larger than New Mexico yet contains just over 50,000 residents , with many of the smaller communities accessible only by air or winter road . Despite Thompson 's isolated location in the heart of Canada 's boreal forest , Thompson is directly connected to Winnipeg via paved highway , railroad ( VIA Rail ) , and the Thompson Airport . Thompson also has modern amenities ( e.g. , fiber optic internet ) and a large retail scene , including half a dozen shopping malls and several large chain stores ( e.g. , Wal-Mart , Giant Tiger , Safeway , Shoppers Drug Mart , Canadian Tire ) . Thompson 's natural and undisturbed surroundings makes it a popular community with outdoor enthusiasts : the largest marina in Manitoba ( the land of 100,000 lakes ) is located just 38 km ( 24 mi ) south in Paint Lake Provincial Park , hundreds of kilometers of snowmobile trails are maintained by the Thompson Trailbreakers , and the lack of light pollution and Thompson 's northern latitude allows for occasional viewing of the northern lights ( even within the city limits ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manitoba : Churchill Nunavut : CFS Alert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Churchill ( Inuktitut : ᑯᒡᔪᐊᖅ , Kuugjuaq ) is a town in northern Manitoba , Canada , on the west shore of Hudson Bay , roughly 110 kilometres ( 68 miles ) from the Manitoba-Nunavut border . It is most famous for the many polar bears that move toward the shore from inland in the autumn , leading to the nickname Polar Bear Capital of the World that has helped its growing tourism industry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/CFS_Alert', 'summary': 'Canadian Forces Station Alert , also CFS Alert , is a Canadian Armed Forces signals intelligence intercept facility located in Alert , Nunavut , Canada , on the northeastern tip of Ellesmere Island . Located in the Qikiqtaaluk Region , Nunavut , it is the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world . It takes its name from HMS Alert , which wintered 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) east of the present station off what is now Cape Sheridan , Nunavut in 1875-1876 . The entire population of Baffin , Unorganized , the Statistics Canada name for Qikiqtaaluk , is located here . As of the 2016 census the population was reported as 62 , an increase of 1,140% over the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nunavut : Grise Fiord , Qausuittuq , Iqaluit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grise_Fiord', 'summary': "Grise Fiord ( Inuktitut : ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ , romanized : Aujuittuq , lit . 'place that never thaws ' ) is an Inuit hamlet in the Qikiqtaaluk Region in the territory of Nunavut , Canada . Despite its low population ( 129 residents as of the Canada 2016 Census ) , it is the largest community on Ellesmere Island . It is also one of the coldest inhabited places in the world , with an average yearly temperature of −16.5 °C ( 2.3 °F ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Resolute,_Nunavut', 'summary': "Resolute or Resolute Bay ( Inuktitut : ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖅ , romanized : Qausuittuq , lit . 'place with no dawn ' ) is an Inuit hamlet on Cornwallis Island in Nunavut , Canada . It is situated at the northern end of Resolute Bay and the Northwest Passage and is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region . Resolute is one of Canada 's northernmost communities and is second only to Grise Fiord on Ellesmere Island ( Alert and Eureka are more northerly but are not considered towns , rather military outposts and weather stations ) . It is also one of the coldest inhabited places in the world , with an average yearly temperature of −15.7 °C ( 3.7 °F ) . As of the 2016 census the population was 198 , a decrease of 7.5% from the 2011 census . As in most other northern communities , the roads and most of the terrain are all gravel ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Iqaluit', 'summary': "Iqaluit ( /iˈkæluɪt/ ee-KAL-oo-it ; Inuktitut : ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ [ iqaluit ] ( meaning place of fish ) ; French : [ ikalɥi ( t ) ] ) is the capital of the Canadian territory of Nunavut , its largest community , and its only city . It was known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987 , after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated , when the traditional Inuktitut name was restored . In 1999 , Iqaluit was designated the capital of Nunavut after the division of the Northwest Territories into two separate territories . Before this event , Iqaluit was a small city and not well known outside the Canadian Arctic or Canada , with population and economic growth highly limited . This is due to the city 's isolation and heavy dependence on expensively imported supplies , as the city , like the rest of Nunavut , has no road , rail , or even ship connections for part of the year to the rest of Canada . The city has a polar climate , influenced by the cold deep waters of the Labrador Current just off Baffin Island ; this makes the city of Iqaluit cold , although the city is well south of the Arctic Circle . As of the 2016 census , the population was 7,740 ( Population Centre : 7,082 ) , an increase of 15.5 percent from the 2011 census . Iqaluit has the lowest population of any capital city in Canada . Inhabitants of Iqaluit are called Iqalummiut ( singular : Iqalummiuq ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mary Carillo -sportscaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Carillo', 'summary': 'Mary Carillo ( born March 15 , 1957 ) is a U.S. sportscaster and former professional tennis player . She is a reporter for NBC Sports and NBC Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec : Kuujjuaq , Gaspé , Uashat-Maliotenam , Sept-Îles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuujjuaq', 'summary': "Kuujjuaq ( [ kuːjːuɑq ] ; Inuktitut : ᑰᔾᔪᐊᖅ , Great River ) , [ citation needed ] [ a ] formerly known as Fort Chimo and by other names , is a former Hudson 's Bay Company outpost at the mouth of the Koksoak River on Ungava Bay that has become the largest northern village ( Inuit community ) in the Nunavik region of Quebec , Canada . It is the administrative capital of the Kativik Regional Government . Its population was 2,754 as of the 2016 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gaspé,_Quebec', 'summary': "Gaspé is a city at the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula in the Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of eastern Quebec in Canada . Gaspé is located about 650 km ( 400 mi ) northeast of Quebec City , and 350 km ( 220 mi ) east of Rimouski . As of the 2011 Canadian Census , the city had a total population of 15,163 . In addition to the city , Gaspé 's territory includes the communities of Cap-aux-Os , Cap-des-Rosiers , Douglastown , Haldimand , Jersey Cove , L'Anse-à-Fugère , L'Anse-à-Valleau , L'Anse-au-Griffon , Penouille , Petit-Cap , Petite-Rivière-au-Renard , Pointe-Jaune , Rivière-au-Renard , Rivière-Morris , Sandy Beach , Saint-Majorique , Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie , Wakeham , and York Centre . The city 's territory occupies 1,440 km2 ( 560 sq mi ) and borders the sea and the St. Lawrence River for some 130 km ( 81 mi ) . French is the first language learnt by most of Gaspé 's population where nearly 90% of the population is French Canadian . Gaspé is where Jacques Cartier took possession of New France ( now part of Canada ) in the name of François I of France on July 24 , 1534 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uashat-Maliotenam', 'summary': 'Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam is an Innu First Nations band government in Quebec , Canada . It is based in Sept-Îles in the Côte-Nord region on the North shore of the Saint Lawrence River . It owns two reserves : Maliotenam 27A and Uashat 27 located at both ends of Sept-Îles . It is governed by a band council and is a member of the Mamuitun Tribal Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sept-Îles,_Quebec', 'summary': "Sept-Îles ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ sɛ.t‿il ] , Quebec French pronunciation : [ sɛ.t͡s‿ɪl ] ( listen ) , French for Seven Islands ) is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec , Canada . It is among the northernmost locales with a paved connection to the rest of Quebec 's road network . The population was 25,686 as of the Canada 2011 Census . The town is called Uashau , meaning bay , in the Innu language . The city is well known for having major iron companies like Iron Ore Company of Canada and the Cliffs Natural Resources . The city relies heavily on the iron industry . Sept-Îles has among the highest average wages and the highest average wage increases . The only settlements on the paved road network that are farther north are Fermont , Radisson and Chisasibi , the latter two of which are in the extreme western part of the province at the north end of the James Bay Road . The only other settlements at higher latitudes in the province are mostly isolated Cree , Innu , or Inuit villages , with access limited to seasonal gravel roads . Sept-Îles is the seat of the judicial district of Mingan . The city is also home to the most highly attended recreational sport events in the province : the Tournoi Orange . volleyball tournament , which consists of 405 teams and close to 800 volleyball games ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newfoundland and Labrador : Labrador City , Wabush , CFB Goose Bay , Sheshatshiu , North West River , Happy Valley - Goose Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labrador_City', 'summary': 'Labrador City is a town in western Labrador ( part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador ) , near the Quebec border with a population of 7,220 as of 2016 . Neighbouring Labrador City is Wabush , a smaller town with a population of approximately 1,906 as of 2016 . Together , the twin towns are known as Labrador West . In the 1960s , Labrador City was founded to accommodate employees of the Iron Ore Company of Canada , and iron ore mining continues to be the primary industry in the town . The Labrador City town motto is Kamistiatusset , a Naskapi word meaning land of the hard-working people . The Labrador City town crest is that of a snowy owl holding a scroll atop a black spade on a mound of red earth . The symbol represents iron ore mining . The spade is flanked by two caribou . Both snowy owls and caribou are native to the Labrador City area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wabush', 'summary': 'Wabush is a small town in the western tip of Labrador , bordering Quebec , known for transportation and iron ore operations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/CFB_Goose_Bay', 'summary': 'Canadian Forces Base Goose Bay ( IATA : YYR , ICAO : CYYR ) , commonly referred to as CFB Goose Bay , is a Canadian Forces Base located in the municipality of Happy Valley-Goose Bay in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It is operated as an air force base by the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) . Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 5 Wing , commonly referred to as 5 Wing Goose Bay . The airfield at CFB Goose Bay is also used by civilian aircraft , with civilian operations at the base referring to the facility as Goose Bay Airport . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only , with no more than 15 passengers . The mission of 5 Wing is to support the defence of North American airspace , as well as to support the RCAF and allied air forces in training . Two units comprise 5 Wing : 444 Combat Support Squadron ( flying the CH-146 Griffon ) and 5 Wing Air Reserve Flight . CFB Goose Bay also serves as a forward operating location for RCAF CF-18 Hornet aircraft and the base and surrounding area is occasionally used to support units of the Canadian Army during training exercises .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sheshatshiu', 'summary': "Sheshatshiu ( Innu pronunciation : [ ʃehatʃju ] ) is an Innu Federal Reserve in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador , located approximately 30 kilometres north of Goose Bay . ( Some references may spell the community 's name as Sheshatshit , the t spelling is more traditional in the Innu-aimun language , but the u is used more commonly in English to avoid inappropriate connotations . The name means a narrow place in the river . ) The community is inhabited by the Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation , whose current chief is Eugene Hart ."}, {'url': '/wiki/North_West_River', 'summary': "North West River is a small town located in central Labrador . Established in 1743 as a trading post by French Fur Trader Louis Fornel , the community later went on to become a hub for the Hudson 's Bay Company and home to a hospital and school serving the needs of coastal Labrador . North West River is the oldest modern settlement in Labrador ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Happy_Valley_–_Goose_Bay', 'summary': 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay ( Inuit : Vâli ) is a town in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Located in the central part of Labrador on the coast of Lake Melville and the Grand River , Happy Valley-Goose Bay is the largest population centre in that region . Incorporated in 1973 , it comprises the former town of Happy Valley and the Local Improvement District of Goose Bay . Built on a large sandy plateau in 1941 , the town is home to the largest military air base in northeastern North America [ clarification needed ] [ citation needed ] , CFB Goose Bay .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 12', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Newfoundland and Labrador : Hopedale , L'Anse aux Meadows , St. Anthony", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hopedale,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Hopedale ( Inuit : Arvituk ) is a town located in the north of Labrador , the mainland portion of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Hopedale is the legislative capital of the Inuit Land Claims Area Nunatsiavut , and where the Nunatsiavut Assembly meets . As of 2014 it has a population of 583 .'}, {'url': "/wiki/L'Anse_aux_Meadows", 'summary': "L'Anse aux Meadows ( /ˈlænsi ˈmɛdoʊz/ ) is an archaeological site on the northernmost tip of the Great Northern Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Archaeological evidence of a Norse presence was discovered at L'Anse aux Meadows in the 1960s . It is the only confirmed Norse or Viking site in or near North America outside of the settlements found in Greenland . Dating to c. 1000 , L'Anse aux Meadows is widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact . It is notable for its possible connection with Leif Erikson , and with the Norse exploration of North America . It was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1978 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/St._Anthony,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'St. Anthony is a town on the northern reaches of the Great Northern Peninsula of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . St. Anthony serves as a main service centre for northern Newfoundland and southern Labrador . St. Anthony and surrounding area has an approximate population of 4,330 . The population of the town itself was 2,258 in 2016 , compared with 2,418 in 2011 , 2,476 in 2006 and 2,730 in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bob Cole -sportscaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Cole_(announcer)', 'summary': 'Robert Cecil Cole CM ( born ( 1933-06-24 ) June 24 , 1933 ) is a Canadian former sports television announcer who has worked for CBC and Sportsnet and former competitive curler . He is known primarily for his work on Hockey Night in Canada .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Newfoundland and Labrador : Cape Spear , Petty Harbour , Goulds , Conception Bay South , Paradise , Mount Pearl , St. John 's", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Spear', 'summary': "Cape Spear ( French : Cap d'Espoir ) is a headland located on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland near St. John 's in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . At a longitude of 52°37 ' W , it is the easternmost point in Canada and North America , excluding Greenland . Cape Spear is within the municipal boundaries of the city of St. John 's , located about 12 kilometres ( 7.5 mi ) from downtown St. John 's . The Portuguese named this location Cabo da Esperança , meaning cape of hope , which became Cap d'Espoir in French and finally Cape Spear . Cape Spear is the trailhead/trail end for two components of the East Coast Trail ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Petty_Harbour_–_Maddox_Cove', 'summary': "Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove is a town of approximately 960 people located on the eastern shore of the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It is nestled deep in the heart of Motion Bay , just south ( approximately 15 minutes away ) of St. John 's . The present town is approximately 200 years old , though the site has been continuously occupied since at least 1598 , predating the arrival of the Mayflower and making it one of the oldest European settlements in North America . During King William 's War , the village was raided by French forces in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign . Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove is the site of the Petty Harbour Generating Station , the first hydroelectric generating station in Newfoundland and Labrador . It was also the Tidy Towns population category winner for 2007 . This award is based on natural beauty , community involvement , environmental awareness and Heritage preservation ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Goulds,_St._John's", 'summary': "Goulds is a rural neighbourhood in St. John 's in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The community is located south-east of the city centre , and has a population of roughly 12,000 . Goulds was an incorporated community up until 1991 , at which time it was amalgamated with Wedgewood Park and Kilbride into the city of St. John 's . The community has three schools , Goulds Elementary for grades K-5 , St. Kevin 's Junior High School for grades 6-8 , and St. Kevin 's High School for grades 9-12 . The Goulds is known for having had two residents appear as contestants Canada 's Worst Driver : Jillian Kieley ( in Season 11 ) , and Ashley Dunne ( in Season 13 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Conception_Bay_South', 'summary': 'Conception Bay South is a town located on the southern shore of Conception Bay on the Avalon Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland , Province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The town is commonly called C.B.S .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paradise,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': "Paradise is a town on the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . . The town is a part of the St. John 's Metropolitan Area and borders the City of St. John 's , the City of Mount Pearl , the Town of Portugal Cove-St. Philip 's , and the town of Conception Bay South . According to the 2016 Canadian census the population of Paradise is 21,389 , after recording a 21% increase in population over five years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mount_Pearl', 'summary': "Mount Pearl is the second-largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The city is located southwest of St. John 's , on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland . Mount Pearl is part of the St. John 's metropolitan area , the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada ."}, {'url': "/wiki/St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", 'summary': "St. John 's is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It is on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the large Canadian island Newfoundland . The city spans 446.04 square kilometres ( 172.22 sq mi ) and is North America 's easternmost city , excluding Greenland . Its name has been attributed to the Nativity of John the Baptist , when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497 and to a Basque fishing town with the same name . Existing on maps as early as 1519 , it is one of the oldest cities in North America . It was officially incorporated as a city in 1888 . With a metropolitan population of approximately 219,207 ( as of 1 July 2017 ) , the St. John 's Metropolitan Area is Canada 's 20th largest metropolitan area and the second largest Census Metropolitan Area ( CMA ) in Atlantic Canada , after Halifax . The city has a rich history , having played a role in the French and Indian War , the American Revolutionary War , and the War of 1812 . Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless signal in St. John 's . Its history and culture have made it into an important tourist destination ."}]}, {'value': "Seamus O'Regan - Co-host of Canada AM Mike Adam -curler", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Seamus_O'Regan", 'summary': "Seamus Thomas Harris O'Regan PC MP ( born January 18 , 1971 ) is a Canadian politician and former television personality from Newfoundland and Labrador . He currently serves as Minister of Natural Resources and formerly served as Minister of Indigenous Services and Minister of Veterans Affairs . He was a correspondent with CTV National News , and a former host of Canada AM , which he co-hosted from 2003-2011 with Beverly Thomson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada_AM', 'summary': "Canada AM was a Canadian breakfast television news show that aired on CTV from 1972 to 2016 . Its final hosts were Beverly Thomson and Marci Ien , with Jeff Hutcheson presenting the weather forecast and sports . The program aired on weekdays , and was produced from CTV 's facilities at 9 Channel Nine Court in Toronto . In addition to CTV 's local owned-and-operated stations ( O & Os ) in Eastern Canada as well as affiliate station CITL-DT Lloydminster , the program also aired on independent station CJON-DT ( NTV ) in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , as well as CTV News Channel , the network 's 24-hour national news service . The program previously aired on CTV 's O & Os in Western Canada , until they launched their own all-local morning news programmes called CTV Morning Live in August 29 , 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mike_Adam', 'summary': 'Michael B. Adam , ONL ( born June 3 , 1981 ) is a Canadian curler who won gold at the 2006 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Newfoundland and Labrador : Carbonear , Harbour Grace , Spaniard 's Bay , Bay Roberts , Clarke 's Beach , Cupids , Brigus , Clarenville , Glovertown , Gambo , Gander , Lewisporte , Bishop 's Falls , Grand Falls-Windsor", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carbonear', 'summary': 'Carbonear is a town on the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It overlooks the west side of Conception Bay and had a history long tied to fishing and shipbuilding . Since the late 20th century , its economy has changed to emphasize education , health care and retail . As of 2016 , there were 4,838 people in the community .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harbour_Grace', 'summary': "Harbour Grace is a town in Conception Bay on the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . With roots dating back to the 16th century , it is one of the oldest towns in North America . It is located about 45 km northwest of the provincial capital , St. John 's . The town has a population of 3,074 ( 2006 ) , engaged primarily in fishing and fish processing . The alternative spelling Harbor Grace was current at one time ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Spaniard's_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", 'summary': "Spaniard 's Bay is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It is located on the northwest side of Conception Bay and consists of Vokey 's Shore , Northern Cove , Mint Cove , Green Head , and Goddenville . The name Spaniard 's Bay came from the Basque and Portuguese fishermen who frequented the port in the 16th century and 17th century , and were referred to by the English as Spaniards . Occupation of the area was seasonal at first , as with most of Newfoundland , but gradually English fishermen began to make permanent homes in Spaniard 's Bay around 1776 . American Traders were visiting Spaniard 's Bay before 1776 and they exchanged salt , rum , and tobacco for cod . By 1805 , there were 400 people living in the area and according to the 1871 Lovell 's Directory , the population would rise to 1,182 in less than seventy years . The majority of the settlers were English and had Dorset origin , but there was a strong Irish population . By the end of 1991 , the population would be close to 2,200 . The initial settlement at Spaniard 's Bay centred on Mint Cove and Northern Cove . Some of the people living in Mint Cove before 1800 were Jonathan Sheppard , John Warford , Timothy Collins , and William Chipman . William Gosse and Robert Gosse , Jr. had a dockyard in Northern Cove in 1790 , while Thomas Noseworthy and William Porter were living at Green Head in 1796 . The Smith and Barrett families occupied Bread and Cheese Cove ( Bishop 's Cove ) , with the Smiths claiming to have been in possession of the land since 1625 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bay_Roberts', 'summary': "Bay Roberts ( 2016 Population 6,012 ; Census Agglomeration 11,083 ) is located on the north shore of Conception Bay on the northeastern Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The growth of the local economy can be connected to the town 's proximity to other major Newfoundland markets , by road and by water ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Clarke's_Beach", 'summary': "Clarke 's Beach is a town on Conception Bay in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . In the 2016 census the town had a population of 1,558 . It is the home of a number of well-known Newfoundland artists , and is a favourite place for retirement ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cupids', 'summary': 'Cupids is a town of 743 people ( per the 2016 Census ) on Conception Bay , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It has also been known as Coopers , Copers Cove , Cupers Cove , and Cuperts . It is the oldest continuously settled official British colony in Canada . Cupids is believed to be the site of the first child born of European parents on the continent . The town was established by Englishman John Guy in 1610 . In November 2009 , the community was visited by The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall . In August 2010 , the community was visited by many people from around the world to celebrate the Cupids 400th anniversary , including Canadian Governor General Michaëlle Jean . On August 17 , 2010 , Canada Post released a commemorative stamp in honour of the founding of the community . 2010 also saw the opening of the Cupids Legacy Centre . This facility includes a world class museum , archeology lab , Faerie Garden , Family History archive , Legacy Hall ( a modern 2000 square foot open space ) , and a spacious boardroom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brigus', 'summary': "Brigus is a small fishing community located in Conception Bay , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Brigus was home to Captain Bob Bartlett and the location of his residence Hawthorne Cottage . Incorporated in July 1964 , Brigus ' first Mayor was Fred Bartlett . The present Mayor is Byron Rodway . Rev . R. Wells was the first Clergy Mayor elected in the Province ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clarenville', 'summary': "Clarenville is a town on the east coast of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Clarenville was incorporated in 1951 and is located in the Shoal Harbour valley fronting an arm of the Atlantic Ocean called Random Sound . The town grew in importance after it became a junction on the Newfoundland Railway where a branch line to the Bonavista Peninsula left the main line . The construction of the Trans-Canada Highway through the community in the 1960s resulted in it becoming a local service centre for central-eastern Newfoundland , serving 96,000 people living in 90 communities within a 100 km radius [ citation needed ] . Clarenville is centrally located and within two hours ' driving time of 70% of the province 's population . The town is a natural gateway to the Discovery Trail , extending down the Bonavista Peninsula to Trinity and Bonavista , reputed site of the first landing of European explorer John Cabot . The trail is a panorama of scenery , historic sites , coastal towns and villages ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glovertown', 'summary': 'Glovertown is a town in northeastern Newfoundland , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It is in Division No . 7 on Alexander Bay .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gambo,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Gambo is a town in northeastern Newfoundland , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It is in Division No . 7 on Freshwater Bay . According to the 2001 Statistics Canada Census :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gander,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Gander is a town located in the northeastern part of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , approximately 40 km ( 25 mi ) south of Gander Bay , 100 km ( 62 mi ) south of Twillingate and 90 km ( 56 mi ) east of Grand Falls-Windsor . Located on the northeastern shore of Gander Lake , it is the site of Gander International Airport , once an important refuelling stop for transatlantic aircraft , and still a preferred emergency landing point for aircraft facing on-board medical or security issues . Most of the streets in Gander are named after famous aviators , including Alcock and Brown , Amelia Earhart , Charles Lindbergh , Eddie Rickenbacker , Marc Garneau and Chuck Yeager .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lewisporte', 'summary': 'Lewisporte is a town in central Newfoundland Island , Canada , with a population of 3,409 . It is situated in Burnt Bay which opens on to the Bay of Exploits . Lewisporte has a deep water port and related facilities that serve many communities in the region .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Bishop's_Falls", 'summary': "Bishop 's Falls is a town in the north-central part of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador , with a population of 3,156 at the 2016 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Grand_Falls-Windsor', 'summary': "Grand Falls-Windsor is a town located in the central region of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , with a population of 14,171 at the 2016 census . The town is the largest in the central region , the fifth largest in the province , and is home to the annual Exploits Valley Salmon Festival . Grand Falls-Windsor was incorporated in 1991 when the two former towns of Grand Falls and Windsor amalgamated . The town is known as Qapskuk in the Mi'kmaq language ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newfoundland and Labrador : Grand Falls-Windsor , Badger , Springdale , Deer Lake , Pasadena , Corner Brook , Port au Port , Kippens , Stephenville , Channel - Port aux Basques', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Falls-Windsor', 'summary': "Grand Falls-Windsor is a town located in the central region of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , with a population of 14,171 at the 2016 census . The town is the largest in the central region , the fifth largest in the province , and is home to the annual Exploits Valley Salmon Festival . Grand Falls-Windsor was incorporated in 1991 when the two former towns of Grand Falls and Windsor amalgamated . The town is known as Qapskuk in the Mi'kmaq language ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Badger,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Badger is a town in north-central Newfoundland , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada on the Exploits River . It supplied pulp and paper for the mills in Grand Falls for many years and was famous for its large spring log drives . The town is located in the interior of the island , twenty miles west of Grand Falls in Division No . 6 . Badger was incorporated as a Town on September 30 , 1963 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Springdale,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': "Springdale is a town in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , which had a population of 2,971 people in 2016 , up from 2,764 in the Canada 2006 Census . The community is located on the Northwestern shores of Hall 's Bay , in Central Newfoundland , near the mouth of Indian River . One of the largest towns in north central Newfoundland , the town hosts the Springdale Braves ( male ) and the Springdale Bravettes ( female ) hockey teams . They also host the Springdale Bluefins swim team . The town has a small harbour , a hospital , and many recreational facilities , including a hockey rink , curling club , skatepark , tennis courts , a soccer pitch and softball field . Springdale is known as the hub of Green Bay , and provides services to a number of communities in the Green Bay North and Green Bay South areas . The town boasts a number of chain restaurants , including Mary Brown 's , Subway , Tim Hortons , and Greco Express , in addition to locally owned ventures such as Marie 's Restaurant , C & L Family Restaurant , and Bojo 's Restaurant . The current mayor of Springdale is David Edison . Springdale has two schools ; Indian River Academy , which houses students from Kindergarten to Grade 6 , and Indian River High School , which serves students in Grades 7-12 . On the outskirts of town is Glassy Beach , which is known for its smooth pieces of broken glass that can be safely walked across in bare feet ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Deer_Lake,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Deer Lake is a town in the western part of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The town derives its name from Deer Lake and is situated at the outlet of the upper Humber River at the northeastern end of the lake .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pasadena,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Pasadena is an incorporated town located in census division 5 which is in the western portion of Newfoundland , Canada . The community is situated on the shores of Deer Lake at the junction of the North Arm Valley and the Humber Valley . The town was named after Pasadena , California . The meaning of the name , according to the municipal website of the Californian town , derives from the Ojibwe ( Chippewa ) word for valley .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Corner_Brook', 'summary': "Corner Brook ( 2016 population : 19,806 CA 31,917 ) is a city located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Located on the Bay of Islands at the mouth of the Humber River , the city is the second-largest population centre in the province behind St. John 's , and smallest of three cities behind St. John 's and Mount Pearl . As such , Corner Brook functions as a service centre for western and northern Newfoundland . It is located on the same latitude as Gaspé , Quebec , a city of similar size and landscape on the other side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence . Corner Brook is the most northern city in Atlantic Canada . It is the administrative headquarters of the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nations band government . The Mi'kmaq name for the nearby Humber River is Maqtukwek ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_au_Port,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Port au Port is a small Canadian rural community located in the western part of the island of Newfoundland . Port au Port is situated on the isthmus connecting the main part of the island of Newfoundland to the Port au Port Peninsula to the west . Port au Port is located on Route 460 , several kilometres west of the town of Stephenville and the village of Kippens . It was originally named Gravels . It had a population of 505 in 1940 and 214 by 1956 . Coordinates : 48°33′N 58°44′W / 48.550°N 58.733°W / 48.550 ; -58.733'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kippens', 'summary': "Kippens ( Canada 2011 Census population 1,815 ) is a town located in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland . The town of Kippens is situated on the West Coast of the province of Newfoundland . The town was granted its municipality status on December 31 , 1968 . Kippens borders the town of Stephenville to the east , the town of Port au Port East to the west , and St. George 's Bay to the south . Extensive tracts of forests mark the northern boundary of the community , and Romaine 's River ( also known as Kippens River ) runs in an east-west direction along the northern boundary of the community . The town exists mainly as a residential suburb of Stephenville with very little industrial or commercial activity taking place in the town ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephenville,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador', 'summary': 'Stephenville ( Canada 2016 Census population 6,623 ) is a town in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland . The town functions as a local service centre for the southwestern part of the island , serving a direct population of 35,000 people from surrounding areas and over 100,000 people along the entire southwestern coast of the island . The primary employer in the town was a paper mill , which closed in 2005 . Stephenville has a modern 40-bed hospital ( built in 2003 ) , schools , stores , movie theater , banks , and International Airport ( Stephenville International Airport , CYJT ) , year round ice free sea port ( Port Harmon ) , and government institutions . The provincial community college system , College of the North Atlantic , is headquartered in Stephenville and maintains a campus there for students from the southwestern region of the island . A provincial minimum security jail is also located in the town .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Channel_–_Port_aux_Basques', 'summary': 'Channel-Port aux Basques is a town at the extreme southwestern tip of Newfoundland fronting on the western end of the Cabot Strait . A Marine Atlantic ferry terminal is located in the town which is the primary entry point onto the island of Newfoundland and the western terminus of the Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1 ( Trans-Canada Highway ) in the province . The town was incorporated in 1945 and its population in the 2016 census was 4,067 . Port aux Basques is the oldest of the collection of towns that make up the present-day town , which consists of Port aux Basques , Channel , Grand Bay , and Mouse Island . Amalgamation took place in the 1970s .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nova Scotia : North Sydney , Sydney Mines , Membertou , Glace Bay , Dominion , Scotchtown , New Waterford , Sydney , Baddeck , Wagmatcook , Whycocomagh , Waycobah , Mabou , Port Hood , Judique , Port Hawkesbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Sydney,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "North Sydney ( Scottish Gaelic : Suidni A Tuath or Am Bàr ) is a former town and current community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality . Located on the north side of Sydney Harbour , along the eastern coast of Cape Breton Island , North Sydney is an important port in Atlantic Canada , serving as the western terminus of the Marine Atlantic ferry service . It acts as the marine link for the Trans-Canada Highway to Newfoundland and is often termed The Gateway To Newfoundland for that reason . Marine Atlantic ferries currently operate from North Sydney 's terminal to the ports of Channel-Port aux Basques and Argentia . The Crown Corporation is one of the largest employers in the area ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Mines,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Sydney Mines ( Scottish Gaelic : Mèinnean Shidni ) is a community and former town in Canada 's Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality . Founded in 1784 and incorporated as a town in 1889 , Sydney Mines has a rich history in coal production , although mining activity has now ceased . Prior to a permanent settlement being established , there was significant activity along the shore . Sydney Mines was also home to a large steel company that was named SCOTIA it was the modern to its day between the Sydney Steel Plant ( DISCO ) and the Sydney Mines Steel Plant ( SCOTIA ) they produced 50% of Canada 's steel during World War I ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Membertou_First_Nation', 'summary': "The Membertou First Nation is a Mi'kmaq First Nation band government in the tribal district of Unama'ki , also known as Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia . As of 2012 , the Mi'kmaq population is 814 on-Reserve , and approximately 481 off-Reserve . It operates a community radio station CJIJ-FM ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glace_Bay,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Glace Bay ( Scottish Gaelic : Glasbaidh ) is a community in the eastern part of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia , Canada . It forms part of the general area referred to as Industrial Cape Breton . Formerly an independently incorporated town ( 1901-1995 ) , the municipal government in Glace Bay was dissolved and the community has been amalgamated into the larger regional municipality . Prior to amalgamation , Glace Bay had been the province 's fourth largest urban area and the largest town in Nova Scotia by population . Neighbouring communities include Reserve Mines , Dominion , and Tower Road ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dominion,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Dominion is an unincorporated community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality . It is located immediately west of the larger centre of Glace Bay . Founded in 1906 , Dominion got its name from the local Dominion Coal Company and owed its birth to the coal mining industry as did many of the local communities . Coal was king , and remnants of many old mine workings still run under the town . The local high school , MacDonald High , sank slightly into one of these mine workings and had to be subsequently torn down ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Scotchtown,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Scotchtown ( Scottish Gaelic : Baile Nan Gàidheal ) is a community in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Waterford,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "New Waterford is a Canadian urban community in Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Regional Municipality ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Sydney is a former city and current community located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality of Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia , Canada . Situated on Cape Breton Island 's east coast , it belongs administratively to the Cape Breton Regional Municipality . Sydney was founded in 1785 by the British , was incorporated as a city in 1904 , and dissolved on 1 August 1995 , when it was amalgamated into the regional municipality . Sydney served as the Cape Breton Island colony 's capital , until 1820 , when the colony merged with Nova Scotia and the capital moved to Halifax . A rapid population expansion occurred just after the turn of the 20th century , when Sydney was home to one of North America 's main steel mills . During both the First and Second World Wars , it was a major staging area for England-bound convoys . The post-war period witnessed a major decline in the number of people employed at the Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation ( DOSCO ) steel mill , and the Nova Scotia and Canadian governments had to nationalize it in 1967 to save the region 's biggest employer , forming the new crown corporation called the Sydney Steel Corporation ( SYSCO ) . The city 's population has steadily decreased since the early 1970s due to the plant 's fortunes , and SYSCO was finally closed in 2001 . Today , the main industries are in customer support call centres and tourism . Together with Sydney Mines , North Sydney , New Waterford , and Glace Bay , Sydney forms the Industrial Cape Breton region ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Baddeck,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Baddeck ( /bəˈdɛk/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Badaig ; 2011 population : 769 ) is a village in Victoria County , Nova Scotia , Canada . This village is seventy-eight kilometres west of Sydney . It is Victoria County 's shire town and is situated on the northern shore of Bras d'Or Lake on Cape Breton Island . According to some historians the name Baddeck is derived from the Mi'kmaq term Abadak which has been translated as place with an island near ( in reference to Kidston Island , immediately offshore ) . Today , Baddeck functions as a service centre for the sparsely populated county and hosts a well-equipped volunteer fire department , a consolidated school serving grades Primary-12 , as well as a public library , provincial government offices , a hospital , the Bras d'Or Yacht Club , a branch of the Royal Canadian Legion and a nursing home ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wagmatcook,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Wagmatcook is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia , located in Victoria County on Cape Breton Island .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Whycocomagh,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Whycocomagh ( Why-cog-ho-mah , Scottish Gaelic : Hogamagh ) is a Canadian rural community in the province of Nova Scotia . The population in 2001 was 854 residents . It is located on the eastern edge of Inverness County in the central part of Cape Breton Island . The community sits on the northwestern shore of St. Patrick 's Channel , an arm of Bras d'Or Lake . Whycocomagh ( We'koqma ' q ) is a Mi'kmaq word which means Head of the Waters . Nearby is a Mi'kmaq reserve where wooden sculptures and baskets are made ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mabou,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Mabou ( Mi'kmaq : Mȧbu ; Scottish Gaelic : An Drochaid The Bridge ) is a small Canadian rural community located in Inverness County on the west coast of Nova Scotia 's Cape Breton Island . The population in 2011 was 1,207 residents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Hood,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'The village is located on Trunk 19 ( the Ceilidh Trail ) , approximately 30-minutes drive north from the Canso Causeway which links mainland Nova Scotia to Cape Breton Island .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Judique,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Judique ( Jood-ICK , Scottish Gaelic : Siùdaig ) is a small community located in Inverness County on the Ceilidh Trail ( Trunk 19 ) on the western side of Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia , Canada . Judique is on the edge of St. George 's Bay in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence . Judique is situated between Grahams on the Shore Road in the north , Beatons on Hwy 19 , and the boundary between Long Point and Craigmore to the South . St. George 's Bay on the east and General Line Road to the west ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Hawkesbury,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Port Hawkesbury ( Scottish Gaelic : Baile a ' Chlamhain ) is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island , on the north shore of the Strait of Canso , opposite of the town of Mulgrave , in Nova Scotia 's Inverness County . Positioned as the gateway to Cape Breton just minutes from the Canso Causeway , the town 's nickname is Cape Breton 's Front Porch ."}]}, {'value': 'Cindy Day-CTV Maritimes meteorologist', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Nova Scotia : Port Hawkesbury , Port Hastings , Tracadie , Paq'tnek , Antigonish , New Glasgow , Trenton , Stellarton , Bible Hill , Truro", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Hawkesbury,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Port Hawkesbury ( Scottish Gaelic : Baile a ' Chlamhain ) is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island , on the north shore of the Strait of Canso , opposite of the town of Mulgrave , in Nova Scotia 's Inverness County . Positioned as the gateway to Cape Breton just minutes from the Canso Causeway , the town 's nickname is Cape Breton 's Front Porch ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Hastings,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Port Hastings is a Canadian rural community in Inverness County , Nova Scotia . The community is located at the eastern end of the Canso Causeway on Cape Breton Island . It is named after Charles Hastings Doyle .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tracadie,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Tracadie is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia , located in Antigonish County . Tracadie has close links with nearby Upper Big Tracadie . Led by Thomas Brownspriggs , Tracadie was settled by Black Loyalists in the early 18th century . According to one 19th century observer , this community was the most successful rural Black community in the province .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Antigonish,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Antigonish ( /ˌæntɪɡəˈnɪʃ/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Am Baile Mòr , pronounced [ am ˈpalə ˈmuːɾ ] ) is a town in Antigonish County , Nova Scotia , Canada . The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland . It is approximately 160 kilometres ( 100 miles ) northeast of Halifax , the provincial capital .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Glasgow,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County , in the province of Nova Scotia , Canada . It is situated on the banks of the East River of Pictou , which flows into Pictou Harbour , a sub-basin of the Northumberland Strait . The town 's population was 9,075 in the 2016 census . New Glasgow is at the centre of the province 's fourth largest urban area ; the population of the New Glasgow census agglomeration in the 2016 census was 34,487 . The New Glasgow census agglomeration includes the smaller adjacent towns of Stellarton , Westville , and Trenton as well as adjacent rural areas of the county ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trenton,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Trenton is a Canadian town located in Pictou County , Nova Scotia . Founded in 1786 , it is situated on the east bank of the East River of Pictou . The community gained its name in 1882 at the suggestion of a prominent citizen , Harvey Graham , after he visited Trenton , New Jersey . It was incorporated as a town on 11 March 1911 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stellarton,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Stellarton is a town located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia . It is adjacent and to the south of the larger town of New Glasgow . In pioneer times the area was called Coal Mines Station , and from 1833 until 1870 , it was known as Albion Mines . The town was incorporated as Stellarton in 1889 and owes its name to a specific type of torbanite which came to be known as stellarite because of the stars of fire given off by its sparky flame .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bible_Hill,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Bible Hill ( Mi'kmaq : Wi'kopekwitk ) is a Canadian village in Colchester County , Nova Scotia . It lies on the north bank of the Salmon River , opposite the town of Truro and the unincorporated community of Salmon River . Bible Hill functions as a suburb of Truro with several residential subdivisions . The village is home to Bible Hill Junior High School , Bible Hill Consolidated Elementary School and the Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture . The Bible Hill Estates Trailer Park has been used as a filming location for the Trailer Park Boys television series service as the Sunnyvale Trailer Park"}, {'url': '/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Truro ( Mi'kmaq : Wagobagitik , Gaelic : Truru ) is a town in central Nova Scotia , Canada . Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain , close to the river 's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay ."}]}, {'value': 'Will Richardson Ikue Teshigawara-short track speed skater', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nov 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nova Scotia : Truro , Millbrook , Stewiacke , Shubenacadie , Elmsdale , Enfield , Waverley , North Preston , Cherry Brook , Cole Harbour , Dartmouth , Beechville , Halifax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Truro ( Mi'kmaq : Wagobagitik , Gaelic : Truru ) is a town in central Nova Scotia , Canada . Truro is the shire town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain , close to the river 's mouth at the eastern end of Cobequid Bay ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stewiacke,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Stewiacke is a town located in southern Colchester County , Nova Scotia , Canada . The town was incorporated on August 30 , 1906 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shubenacadie,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Shubenacadie ( /ˌʃuːbəˈnækədi/ ) is a village located in Hants County , in central Nova Scotia , Canada . As of 2006 , the population was 2074 . The name for the Mi'kmaw territory in which present-day Shubenacadie is located and the origin of its name is the Mi'kmaw word Sipekne'katik , which place abounding in groundnuts or place where the wapato grows . Historically , the Sipekne'katik region was a large stretch of territory that covered central Nova Scotia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmsdale,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Elmsdale ( 2011 population : 3,034 ) is an unincorporated Canadian village and community located on the boundary of Hants County and the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Enfield is an exurban community located 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) north of Halifax Stanfield International Airport in the Shubenacadie Valley on the border of Hants and Halifax counties in Nova Scotia , Canada . Specifically , Enfield exists in both the East Hants Municipal District and the Halifax Regional Municipality and is divided by the Shubenacadie River .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Waverley,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Waverley is a suburban community located in the Halifax Regional Municipality , Nova Scotia , Canada . It has a rich history in gold mining . It lies north of Dartmouth , and south of Fall River .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Preston,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'North Preston is a rural community in Halifax Regional Municipality , Nova Scotia , Canada . The community is populated primarily by Black Nova Scotians . North Preston is the oldest and largest Black community in Canada , as well as having the highest concentration of African Canadians across Canada . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cherry_Brook,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Cherry Brook is a predominantly African Canadian rural community located to the north of Trunk 7 between Lake Loon and Lake Major , and just a few miles east of Dartmouth , Nova Scotia . Cherry Brook is a rural community with a few small farms . Most of the people work at trades in the Halifax Regional Municipality communities of Dartmouth and Halifax . The Baptist Church is the glue that keeps residents together . On Trunk 7 is located the Black Cultural Centre which contains meeting rooms and facilities to meet community needs for meetings and other events . It is a showplace for historical documents and other collections that tell the story of the early development of the Prestons and the many Black families who live in Black communities throughout Nova Scotia . Cherry Brook is also the home of Canadian Idol season one runner up , Gary Beals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cole_Harbour,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Cole Harbour is a former unincorporated village and unincorporated community located in the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia , Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': 'Dartmouth ( /ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth ) is a former city and current community located in the Halifax Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia , Canada . Dartmouth is located on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour . Dartmouth has been nicknamed the City of Lakes , after the large number of lakes located within its boundaries . On April 1 , 1996 , the provincial government amalgamated all the municipalities within the boundaries of Halifax County into a single-tier regional government named the Halifax Regional Municipality ( HRM ) . Dartmouth and its neighbouring city of Halifax , the town of Bedford and the Municipality of the County of Halifax were dissolved . The city of Dartmouth forms part of the urban core of the larger regional municipality and is officially designated as part of the capital district by the Halifax Regional Municipality . At the time that the City of Dartmouth was dissolved , the provincial government altered its status to a separate community to Halifax ; however , its status as part of the metropolitan Halifax urban core existed prior to municipal reorganization in 1996 . Dartmouth is still an official geographic name that is used by all levels of government for legal purposes , postal service , mapping , 9-1-1 emergency response , municipal planning , and is recognized by the Halifax Regional Municipality as a civic addressing community . The official place name did not change , due to the confusion with similar street names , land use planning set out by the former City of Dartmouth , and significant public pressure . Today the same development planning for Downtown Dartmouth and the rest of the region is still in force , as well as specific bylaws created prior to April 1 , 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Beechville,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Beechville ( pop . 125 ) is a rural community within the Halifax Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia , Canada , on the St. Margaret 's Bay Road ( Trunk 3 ) . The Beechville Lakeside Timberlea ( BLT ) trail starts here near Lovett Lake , following the line of the old Halifax and Southwestern Railway . Ridgecliff Middle School , located in Beechville Estates , serves the communities of Beechville , Lakeside and Timberlea ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality', 'summary': "Halifax , officially known as the Halifax Regional Municipality ( HRM ) , is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia . It had a population of 403,131 in 2016 , with 316,701 in the urban area centred on Halifax Harbour . The regional municipality consists of four former municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996 : Halifax , Dartmouth , Bedford , and Halifax County . Halifax is a major economic centre in Atlantic Canada , with a large concentration of government services and private sector companies . Major employers and economic generators include the Department of National Defence , Dalhousie University , Saint Mary 's University , the Halifax Shipyard , various levels of government , and the Port of Halifax . Agriculture , fishing , mining , forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries found in the rural areas of the municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Sidney Crosby - hockey player Sarah Conrad -snowboarder Stephen Giles -canoer/kayaker Sandie Rinaldo -television journalist Andrew Russell -canoer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney_Crosby', 'summary': "Sidney Patrick Crosby ONS ( born August 7 , 1987 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who serves as captain of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nicknamed Sid the Kid and dubbed The Next One , Crosby was selected first overall by the Penguins in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft , and is widely regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time . During his two-year major junior career with the Rimouski Océanic , he earned many awards and led his club to the 2005 Memorial Cup final . Océanic and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League retired Crosby 's jersey number 87 in 2019 . Crosby debuted in the NHL during the 2005-06 season , recording 102 points and finishing as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL Rookie of the Year . By his second season , he led the NHL with 120 points to capture the Art Ross Trophy , becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league . That same season , Crosby won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league 's most valuable player ( MVP ) and the Lester B. Pearson Award for most outstanding player as judged by his peers . He started the 2007-08 season with the team 's captaincy and subsequently led them to the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games . The Penguins returned to the Finals against Detroit the following year and won in seven games ; Crosby became the youngest captain in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup . In 2009-10 , he received the Mark Messier Leadership Award and scored 51 goals , winning the Maurice Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer . In early 2011 , Crosby sustained a concussion that left him sidelined for the rest of the season and for most of the 2011-12 campaign . In 2014 , Crosby again won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as his second Art Ross Trophy ( 104 points ) and his third Ted Lindsay Award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarah_Conrad', 'summary': 'Sarah Conrad ( born March 9 , 1985 in Halifax , Nova Scotia ) is a Canadian snowboarder , specializing in the halfpipe . Conrad made her World Cup debut in December 2002 at Whistler , British Columbia . She made her first World Cup podium at Stoneham , Canada in March 2008 , where she won silver . To date , she has won one other medal , a bronze in March 2009 . Conrad has also competed in two FIS Snowboarding World Championships , with her best performance coming in 2009 , when she finished 12th . Conrad competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics , in the halfpipe . She finished 20th in the first qualifying round and 9th in the second , not enough to qualify for the final . Conrad was also selected as a member of the Canadian team for the 2010 Winter Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Giles', 'summary': "Stephen Giles ( born July 4 , 1972 ) is a Canadian sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1990s to the mid 2000s . Competing in four Summer Olympics , he won the bronze in the C-1 1000 m event at Sydney in 2000 . Giles was born in St. Stephen , New Brunswick . He began canoeing at age eight at the Orenda Racing Canoe Club in Lake Echo , Nova Scotia . He was a member of the Canadian national team for fifteen years , including eleven senior world championships . He was inducted into the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame in 2012 . He was adept at both the 500 m event and 1000 m early in his career . His best races came in the C-1 1000 m event later in his career , earning the world championship gold medal in 1998 at Szeged , Hungary . In the same event , he won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics , and a bronze medal at the 2002 World Championships in Seville , Spain . He also won a bronze medal at the 1993 world championships in Copenhagen , Denmark , in the men 's C-1 500 m event , and at the 1989 Junior World Championships in Dartmouth , Nova Scotia . Notable contemporaries in the C-1 included Andreas Dittmer , Martin Doktor , and Maxim Opalev . Giles is part of a long line of successful Canadian paddlers in the C-1 discipline including Frank Amyot , John Wood , and Larry Cain ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sandie_Rinaldo', 'summary': 'Sandra Brycks Sandie Rinaldo ( born 16 January 1950 ) is a Canadian television journalist and anchor for CTV News .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Russell_(canoer)', 'summary': "Andrew Russell ( born January 26 , 1983 ) is a Canadian sprint canoer who has paddled since he was a young boy , alongside his three brothers at Dartmouth , Nova Scotia 's Banook Canoe Club . He won a silver medal in the C-4 1000 m event at the 2006 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged . At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , Russell finished fifth in the C-2 500 m and sixth in the C-2 1000 m events ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Route in Canada', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay_route_0', 'intro': 'The route of the 2010 Winter Olympics torch relay carried the torch through over 1000 communities across Canada, visiting different locations from October 30, 2009 to its final stop at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia on February 12, 2010.'}
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What solo event did the third day 's runner win in 1994 ?
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women 's 1000 m
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0338150b99d6f464
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history', 'title': 'Minnesota Vikings draft history', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick #', 'Overall', 'Name', 'Position', 'College'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dewayne Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dewayne_Washington', 'summary': 'Dewayne Neron Washington ( born December 27 , 1972 ) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League . He played for the Minnesota Vikings , the Pittsburgh Steelers , the Jacksonville Jaguars , and the Kansas City Chiefs . He was a first-round pick ( 18th overall ) in the 1994 NFL Draft from North Carolina State University . He is currently the head football coach at Heritage High School in Wake Forest , North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornerback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_football', 'summary': 'The NC State Wolfpack football team represents North Carolina State University in the sport of American football . The Wolfpack competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Prior to joining the ACC in 1953 , the Wolfpack were a member of the Southern Conference . As a founding member of the ACC , the Wolfpack has won seven conference championships and participated in 31 bowl games , of which the team has won 17 , including eight of their last eleven . NC State is currently coached by Dave Doeren . Since 1966 , the Wolfpack has played its home games at Carter-Finley Stadium . On September 16 , 2010 , NC State restored the tradition of having a live mascot on the field . A wolf-like Tamaskan Dog named Tuffy was on the sidelines for the Cincinnati game that day in Raleigh and Tuffy has not missed a Wolfpack football game in Carter-Finley Stadium since .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Todd Steussie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Steussie', 'summary': 'Todd Edward Steussie ( /ˈstjuːsi/ ; born December 1 , 1970 ) is a former American football guard and tackle for Minnesota Vikings , Carolina Panthers , Tampa Bay Buccaneers , and St. Louis Rams of the National Football League . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings 19th overall in the 1994 NFL Draft . He attended the University of California , Berkeley and played college football for the California Golden Bears .'}]}, {'value': 'Offensive tackle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_football', 'summary': "The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California , Berkeley , in college football as a member of the Pac-12 Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level . The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and is coached by Justin Wilcox . Since beginning of play in 1886 , the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles - 1920 , 1921 , 1922 , 1923 , and 1937 and 14 conference championships , the last one in 2006 . It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football : Roy Wrong Way Riegels ' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Palmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Palmer_(American_football)', 'summary': "David Lee Palmer ( born November 19 , 1972 ) is a former American college and professional football player who was a running back and kick return specialist in the National Football League ( NFL ) for seven seasons . He played college football for the University of Alabama , where he was an All-American and a member of Alabama 's 1992 national championship team . A second-round pick in the 1994 NFL Draft , he played professionally for the NFL 's Minnesota Vikings ."}]}, {'value': 'Wide receiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football', 'summary': "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama ( variously Alabama , UA , or Bama ) in the sport of American football . The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team is currently coached by Nick Saban . The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history . Since beginning play in 1892 , the program claims 17 national championships , including 12 wire-service ( AP or Coaches ) national titles in the poll-era , and five other titles before the poll-era . From 1958 to 1982 , the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul Bear Bryant , who won six national championships with the program . Despite numerous national and conference championships , it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy , when running back Mark Ingram became the university 's first winner . In 2015 , Derrick Henry became the university 's second Heisman winner . Alabama has 916 official victories [ a ] [ b ] in NCAA Division I ( an additional 21 victories were vacated , and eight victories and one tie were forfeited ) , has won 31 conference championships ( 4 Southern Conference and 27 SEC championships ) , and has made an NCAA-record 71 postseason bowl appearances . Other NCAA records include 23 winning streaks of ten games or more and 19 seasons with a 10-0 start . The program has 34 seasons with ten wins or more ( plus one vacated ) and has 41 [ b ] bowl victories , both NCAA records . Alabama has completed ten undefeated seasons , nine of which were perfect seasons ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fernando Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Smith', 'summary': 'Fernando Smith ( born August 2 , 1971 ) is a former American football defensive end who played in the National Football League . He is from Flint , MI and graduated from Flint Northwestern High School and then Jackson State University in 1994 . He was drafted in the second round of the 1994 NFL Draft with the 55th overall pick by the Minnesota Vikings He played 4 seasons for the Minnesota Vikings , and then one season each for the Jacksonville Jaguars , Baltimore Ravens , St. Louis Rams before retiring in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Defensive end', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Jackson State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackson_State_Tigers', 'summary': 'The Jackson State Tigers and Lady Tigers represent Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi , in NCAA intercollegiate athletics .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '125', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Wells', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Wells_(defensive_lineman)', 'summary': 'Michael Allan Wells ( born June 1 , 1971 ) is a former American football defensive lineman . He was drafted out of Iowa in the 4th round of the 1994 NFL Draft by the Minnesota Vikings . He has also played for the Detroit Lions , Chicago Bears and the Indianapolis Colts .'}]}, {'value': 'Defensive tackle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Hawkeyes_football', 'summary': 'The Iowa Hawkeyes football team represents the University of Iowa in college football . The Hawkeyes compete in the West division of the Big Ten Conference . Iowa joined the Conference ( then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine ) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900 . They are currently a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) member of the NCAA . The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City , Iowa at Kinnick Stadium , with a capacity of 69,250 . The Hawkeyes are currently coached by Kirk Ferentz , who is in his 21st season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '134', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelly Hammonds', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Defensive back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_back', 'summary': 'In gridiron football , defensive backs ( DBs ) are the players on the defensive team who take positions somewhat back from the line of scrimmage ; they are distinguished from the defensive line players and linebackers , who take positions directly behind or close to the line of scrimmage . The defensive backs , in turn , generally are classified into several different specialized positions :'}]}, {'value': 'Penn State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football', 'summary': 'The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football . The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the Big Ten Conference , which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992 . Established in 1887 , the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes , the most notable of which include two consensus national championships ( 1982 and 1986 ) , four Big Ten Conference Championships ( in 1994 , 2005 , 2008 , and 2016 ) , 13 undefeated seasons ( 1887 , 1894 , 1909 , 1911 , 1912 , 1920 , 1921 , 1947 , 1968 , 1969 , 1973 , 1986 and 1994 ) and 48 appearances in college bowl games , with a postseason bowl record of 30-18-2 . The team is also # 9 in all-time total wins . The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium , located on-campus in University Park , Pennsylvania . With an official seating capacity of 106,572 , Beaver Stadium is the second-largest stadium in the western hemisphere , behind only Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The team is currently coached by James Franklin .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '179', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Jordan_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Andrew Jordan , Jr. ( born June 21 , 1972 ) is a former professional American football tight end in the National Football League for eight seasons for the Minnesota Vikings , the Philadelphia Eagles , and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . He played college football at North Greenville University and Western Carolina University and was drafted in the sixth round of the 1994 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Tight end', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Western Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Carolina_Catamounts', 'summary': 'The Western Carolina Catamounts are the athletic teams of Western Carolina University . The Catamounts compete in the NCAA Division I Southern Conference . Western fields sixteen varsity sports teams . The Catamount football team competes in Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '211', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pete Bercich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Bercich', 'summary': "Peter James Bercich ( born December 23 , 1971 ) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League . He played college football for the University of Notre Dame . He played five seasons for the NFL 's Minnesota Vikings ( 1995-2000 ) . After his playing days were over he spent 5 years as a Vikings ' defensive assistant . He has served as the color commentator on the Vikings Radio Network since 2007 . To date , his career highlight in radio broadcasting ( by his own admission ) was subbing for Dan The Common Man Cole on KFAN-AM 1130 in Minneapolis - Saint Paul on October 14 , 2008 . In May 2016 , Bercich was hired as the head football coach at Hill-Murray School ."}]}, {'value': 'Linebacker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football', 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana . The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at the campus 's Notre Dame Stadium , which has a capacity of 77,622 . Notre Dame is one of six schools that competes as an Independent at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision level ; however , they play five games a year against opponents from the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) , of which Notre Dame is a member in all other sports except ice hockey . The school claims 11 national championships , but the NCAA recognizes the school with 13 . Moreover , Notre Dame has 21 national championships recognized by all major selectors ; this is tied with Alabama for the most in the FBS . Notre Dame , Oklahoma and Ohio State share the record of seven Heisman Trophy winners . Notre Dame has produced 101 consensus All-Americans , 34 unanimous All-Americans , 52 members of the College Football Hall of Fame , and 13 members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame , all NCAA records . [ not verified in body ] Notre Dame has had 495 players selected in the NFL Draft , second only to USC . All Notre Dame home games have been televised by NBC since 1991 , and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract . It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout , and it has one of the largest , most widespread fan bases in college football . These factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country , which allows the school to remain an independent ."}]}], 'section_title': '1994 NFL Draft', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history_33', 'intro': 'This page is a list of the Minnesota Vikings NFL Draft selections. The first draft the Vikings participated in was the 1961 NFL Draft, in which they made Tommy Mason of Tulane their first ever selection.'}
| null | null |
What overall pick was the player born August 2 , 1971 from the Tigers and Lady Tigers ?
|
55
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033c8b8336ba7fc8
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Southeastern_Conference_football_season', 'title': '2012 Southeastern Conference football season', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'Class', 'Team'], 'data': [{'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Tyler Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyler_Wilson_(American_football)', 'summary': 'James Tyler Wilson ( born August 16 , 1989 ) is a former American football quarterback . Wilson is the all time passing yards leader at the University of Arkansas . He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft . He played college football at Arkansas . Wilson was also a member of the Tennessee Titans and Cincinnati Bengals .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Razorbacks_football', 'summary': 'The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas , located in Fayetteville , Arkansas , in the sport of American football . The Razorbacks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The program has 1 national championship awarded by the Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) and Helms Athletic Foundation ( HAF ) in 1964 , 1 national championship awarded by the Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments ( FACT ) in 1977 , 13 conference championships , 45 All-Americans , and an all-time record of 716-504-40 . Home games are played at locations on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System : Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville , and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcus Lattimore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Lattimore', 'summary': 'Marcus Lattimore ( born October 29 , 1991 ) is a former American football running back . He played college football at South Carolina , where he holds the career record for rushing touchdowns ( 38 ) . He rushed for 1,197 yards as a starter during his freshman year . His sophomore and junior years were truncated by severe knee injuries . He opted to forgo his senior year and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft . He never played a game for the 49ers and retired from playing football at the age of 23 . In 2016 , he was named head football coach at Heathwood Hall prep school in Columbia , South Carolina . In 2018 , he joined Will Muschamps staff as the Director of Player Development for the South Carolina Gamecocks .'}]}, {'value': 'Jr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks football program represents the University of South Carolina in the sport of American football . The Gamecocks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference . Will Muschamp currently serves as the team 's head coach . They play their home games at Williams-Brice Stadium . Currently , it is the 16th largest stadium in college football . USC 's SEC tenure has been highlighted by an SEC East title in 2010 , Final Top-25 rankings in 2000 , 2001 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 and 2013 ( AP No . 19 , No . 13 , No . 22 , No . 9 , No . 8 and No . 4 ) , and six wins over Top-5 SEC opponents , ( No ."}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knile Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knile_Davis', 'summary': 'Knile Rashaad Davis ( born October 5 , 1991 ) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Arkansas and was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft . He has also played for the Green Bay Packers , New York Jets , Pittsburgh Steelers , and Chicago Bears .'}]}, {'value': 'Jr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Razorbacks_football', 'summary': 'The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas , located in Fayetteville , Arkansas , in the sport of American football . The Razorbacks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The program has 1 national championship awarded by the Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) and Helms Athletic Foundation ( HAF ) in 1964 , 1 national championship awarded by the Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments ( FACT ) in 1977 , 13 conference championships , 45 All-Americans , and an all-time record of 716-504-40 . Home games are played at locations on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System : Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville , and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': "Da'Rick Rogers", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Da'Rick_Rogers", 'summary': "Da'Rick Jamal Rogers ( born June 18 , 1991 ) is a Canadian football wide receiver for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He played college football at Tennessee and Tennessee Tech , and signed with the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers_football', 'summary': "The Tennessee Volunteers football program ( variously called Tennessee , Vols , UT ) represents the University of Tennessee ( UT ) . The Vols have played football for 121 seasons , starting in 1891 ; their combined record of 833-383-53 ranks them twelfth on the list of all-time win-loss percentage records .677 and ninth on by-victories list for college football programs as well as second on the all-time win/loss list of SEC programs 390-253-33 .601 . Their all-time ranking in bowl appearances is third ( 52 ) and sixth in all-time bowl victories ( 28 ) , most notably four Sugar Bowls , three Cotton Bowls , an Orange Bowl , and a Fiesta Bowl . They have won 16 conference championships and six national titles in their history and their last national championship was in the 1998 college football season . The Vols play at Neyland Stadium , where Tennessee has an all-time winning record of 464 games , the highest home-field total in college football history for any school in the nation at its current home venue . Additionally , its 102,455 seat capacity makes Neyland the nation 's fifth largest stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cobi Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cobi_Hamilton', 'summary': 'Cobi Hamilton ( born November 13 , 1990 ) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Arkansas . He was considered one of the top wide receiver prospects for the 2013 NFL Draft , and was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the sixth round of the draft . Hamilton has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles , Miami Dolphins , Carolina Panthers , Pittsburgh Steelers , Houston Texans , Arizona Cardinals , and Indianapolis Colts .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Razorbacks_football', 'summary': 'The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas , located in Fayetteville , Arkansas , in the sport of American football . The Razorbacks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The program has 1 national championship awarded by the Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) and Helms Athletic Foundation ( HAF ) in 1964 , 1 national championship awarded by the Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments ( FACT ) in 1977 , 13 conference championships , 45 All-Americans , and an all-time record of 716-504-40 . Home games are played at locations on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System : Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville , and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Swope', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Swope', 'summary': 'Ryan Swope ( born September 20 , 1990 ) is a former American football wide receiver . He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the 2013 NFL Draft . He was considered one of the top wide receiver prospects for the 2013 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas A & M', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_A&M_Aggies_football', 'summary': "The Texas A & M Aggies football program represents Texas A & M University in the sport of American football . The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Texas A & M football claims three national titles and eighteen conference titles . The team plays all home games at the newly redeveloped Kyle Field , a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus . Jimbo Fisher is currently the team 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Philip Lutzenkirchen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_football', 'summary': "The Auburn Tigers football program represents Auburn University in the sport of American college football . Auburn competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Auburn officially began competing in intercollegiate football in 1892 . The Tigers joined the Southeastern Conference in 1932 as one of the inaugural members of the conference and the Tigers began competing in the West Division when the conference divided in 1992 . Auburn has achieved twelve undefeated seasons , won twelve conference championships , along with eight divisional championships . The Tigers have made 43 post season bowl appearances , including twelve historically major bowl berths . The Tigers have the 13th most wins in FBS history with over 700 victories and have finished ranked in the top 25 of either the AP or Coaches ' polls 37 times , including finishing in the top ten 18 times ( ranked 12th nationally for top ten finishes ) . The Tigers have produced three Heisman Trophy winners : quarterback Pat Sullivan in 1971 , running back Bo Jackson in 1985 , and quarterback Cam Newton in 2010 . Auburn has also produced twenty-nine consensus All-American players . The College Football Hall of Fame has inducted a total of 12 individuals from Auburn , including eight student-athletes and four head coaches : John Heisman , Mike Donahue , Ralph Jordan , and Pat Dye . Jordan , who coached from 1951 to 1975 , led Auburn to its first national championship and won a total of 176 games , the most by any Auburn coach . Auburn 's home stadium is Jordan-Hare Stadium , which opened in 1939 and becomes Alabama 's fifth largest city on gamedays with a capacity of 87,451 ."}]}, {'value': 'OL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Offensive_Line', 'summary': 'In gridiron football , a lineman is a player who specializes in play at the line of scrimmage . The linemen of the team currently in possession of the ball are the offensive line , while linemen on the opposing team are the defensive line . A number of NFL rules specifically address restrictions and requirements for the offensive line , whose job is to help protect the quarterback from getting sacked for a loss , or worse , fumbling . The defensive line is covered by the same rules that apply to all defensive players . Linemen are usually the largest players on the field in both height and weight , since their positions usually require less running and more strength than skill positions .'}]}, {'value': 'Alex Hurst', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_football', 'summary': 'The LSU Tigers football program , also known as the Fighting Tigers , represents Louisiana State University in the sport of American football . The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . LSU ranks 16th most in victories in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four National Championships ( 1958 , 2003 , 2007 , and 2019 ) , 16 conference championships , and 35 consensus All-Americans . As of the beginning of the 2018 NFL season , 40 former LSU players were on active rosters in the NFL , the second most of any college program . The team plays in Tiger Stadium , and Ed Orgeron is the head coach .'}]}, {'value': 'OL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D. J. Fluker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._J._Fluker', 'summary': 'Danny Lee Jesus D. J. Fluker ( born March 13 , 1991 ) is an American football guard for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the first round of the 2013 NFL Draft . He played college football at Alabama , where he was recognized as an All-American .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football', 'summary': "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama ( variously Alabama , UA , or Bama ) in the sport of American football . The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team is currently coached by Nick Saban . The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history . Since beginning play in 1892 , the program claims 17 national championships , including 12 wire-service ( AP or Coaches ) national titles in the poll-era , and five other titles before the poll-era . From 1958 to 1982 , the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul Bear Bryant , who won six national championships with the program . Despite numerous national and conference championships , it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy , when running back Mark Ingram became the university 's first winner . In 2015 , Derrick Henry became the university 's second Heisman winner . Alabama has 916 official victories [ a ] [ b ] in NCAA Division I ( an additional 21 victories were vacated , and eight victories and one tie were forfeited ) , has won 31 conference championships ( 4 Southern Conference and 27 SEC championships ) , and has made an NCAA-record 71 postseason bowl appearances . Other NCAA records include 23 winning streaks of ten games or more and 19 seasons with a 10-0 start . The program has 34 seasons with ten wins or more ( plus one vacated ) and has 41 [ b ] bowl victories , both NCAA records . Alabama has completed ten undefeated seasons , nine of which were perfect seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'OL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke Joeckel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_Joeckel', 'summary': "Luke Tobias Joeckel ( /ˈdʒoʊkəl/ ; born November 6 , 1991 ) is a former American football offensive lineman . He was drafted by the Jacksonville Jaguars second overall in the 2013 NFL Draft . He played college football at Texas A & M , starting all 37 games at left tackle from 2010 to 2012 . In his final year , he won the Outland Trophy , awarded to the nation 's top college football interior lineman , and was named a unanimous All-American . He was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks ."}]}, {'value': 'Jr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas A & M', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_A&M_Aggies_football', 'summary': "The Texas A & M Aggies football program represents Texas A & M University in the sport of American football . The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Texas A & M football claims three national titles and eighteen conference titles . The team plays all home games at the newly redeveloped Kyle Field , a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus . Jimbo Fisher is currently the team 's head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'OL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Warford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Warford', 'summary': 'Larry Warford III ( born June 18 , 1991 ) is an American football guard for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft . He played college football at Kentucky .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_football', 'summary': 'The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football . The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington , Kentucky and are currently led by head coach Mark Stoops .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Barrett Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barrett_Jones', 'summary': 'Barrett Jones ( born May 25 , 1990 ) is a former American football guard . He played college football at Alabama , and was drafted by the Rams in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Sr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football', 'summary': "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama ( variously Alabama , UA , or Bama ) in the sport of American football . The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team is currently coached by Nick Saban . The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history . Since beginning play in 1892 , the program claims 17 national championships , including 12 wire-service ( AP or Coaches ) national titles in the poll-era , and five other titles before the poll-era . From 1958 to 1982 , the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul Bear Bryant , who won six national championships with the program . Despite numerous national and conference championships , it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy , when running back Mark Ingram became the university 's first winner . In 2015 , Derrick Henry became the university 's second Heisman winner . Alabama has 916 official victories [ a ] [ b ] in NCAA Division I ( an additional 21 victories were vacated , and eight victories and one tie were forfeited ) , has won 31 conference championships ( 4 Southern Conference and 27 SEC championships ) , and has made an NCAA-record 71 postseason bowl appearances . Other NCAA records include 23 winning streaks of ten games or more and 19 seasons with a 10-0 start . The program has 34 seasons with ten wins or more ( plus one vacated ) and has 41 [ b ] bowl victories , both NCAA records . Alabama has completed ten undefeated seasons , nine of which were perfect seasons ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Preseason -- Preseason All-SEC', 'section_text': '2012 Pre-season Coaches All-SEC [ 5 ]', 'uid': '2012_Southeastern_Conference_football_season_0', 'intro': "The 2012 Southeastern Conference football season began on August 30 with South Carolina visiting Vanderbilt, and concluded with the BCS National Championship Game on January 7, 2013. It was also the first season of play for former Big 12 Conference members Texas A&M and Missouri. Texas A&M plays in the West Division, while Missouri plays in the East Division, although, geographically, Missouri is one of the conference's westernmost teams."}
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What team did the player who holds a career touchdowns record in South Carolina college football play for ?
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South Carolina
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033d3b9a84dcf7d8
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_nitrate_disasters', 'title': 'Ammonium nitrate disasters', 'header': ['Country', 'City/Location', 'Date', 'Deaths', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faversham , Kent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faversham', 'summary': "Faversham /ˈfævərʃəm/ is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Swale in Kent , England , United Kingdom . The town is 48 miles ( 77 km ) from London and 10 miles ( 16 km ) from Canterbury , and lies next to the Swale , a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey in the Thames Estuary . It is close to the A2 , which follows an ancient British trackway which was used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons , and known as Watling Street . The Faversham name is of Latin via Old English origin , meaning the metal-worker 's village . There has been a settlement at Faversham since pre-Roman times , next to the ancient sea port on Faversham Creek . It was inhabited by the Saxons and mentioned in the Domesday book as Favreshant . The town was favoured by King Stephen who established Faversham Abbey , which survived until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 . Subsequently , the town became an important seaport and established itself as a centre for brewing , and the Shepherd Neame Brewery , founded in 1698 , remains a significant major employer . The town was also the centre of the explosives industry between the 17th and early 20th century , before a decline following an accident in 1916 which killed over 100 workers . This coincided with a revival of the shipping industry in the town . Faversham has a number of landmarks , with several historic churches including St Mary of Charity , Faversham Parish Church , the Maison Dieu and Faversham Recreation Ground . Faversham Market has been established for over 900 years and is still based in the town centre ."}]}, {'value': 'April 2 , 1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '115', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Great Explosion : On April 2 , 1916 , a factory in Uplees , Faversham , exploded after a fire spread to a store of 25 tons of TNT and 700 tons of ammonium nitrate . The blast at the Explosives Loading Company killed 115 people and shattered windows in Southend-on-Sea across the Thames Estuary while the tremor was felt in Norwich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faversham_explosives_industry', 'summary': "Faversham , in Kent , England , has claims to be the cradle of the UK 's explosives industry : it was also to become one of its main centres . The first gunpowder plant in the UK was established in the 16th century , possibly at the instigation of Faversham Abbey . With their estates and endowments , monasteries were keen to invest in promising technology ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Southend-on-Sea', 'summary': "Southend-on-Sea ( /saʊθˌɛnd-/ ( listen ) ) , commonly referred to simply as Southend , is a town and wider unitary authority area with borough status in southeastern Essex , England . It lies on the north side of the Thames Estuary , 40 miles ( 64 km ) east of central London . It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point . It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world , Southend Pier . London Southend Airport is located 1.5 NM ( 2.8 km ; 1.7 mi ) north of the town centre . Southend-on-Sea originally consisted of a few poor fishermen 's huts and farms at the southern end of the village of Prittlewell . In the 1790s , the first buildings around what was to become the High Street of Southend were completed . In the 19th century , Southend 's status of a seaside resort grew after a visit from Princess Caroline of Brunswick , and Southend Pier was constructed . From the 1960s onwards , the town declined as a holiday destination , Southend redeveloped itself as the home of the Access credit card , due to it having one of the UK 's first electronic telephone exchanges . After the 1960s , much of the town centre was developed for commerce and retail , and many original structures were lost to redevelopment . An annual seafront airshow , started in 1986 when it featured a flypast by Concorde , used to take place each May until 2012 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thames_Estuary', 'summary': 'The Thames Estuary is where the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea , in the south-east of Great Britain . The limits of the estuary have been defined in several ways :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Norwich', 'summary': "Norwich ( /ˈnɒrɪdʒ , -ɪtʃ/ ( listen ) ) is a city in Norfolk , England , situated on the River Wensum in East Anglia , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) north-east of London . A city since 1094 , Norwich is the county town of Norfolk and unofficially seen as East Anglia 's capital . From the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution , Norwich was the largest city in England after London and one of the most important . The present-day population of the city is about 142,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morgan , New Jersey ( now Sayreville )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sayreville,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Sayreville is a borough located on the Raritan River , near the Raritan Bay in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 42,704 , reflecting an increase of 2,327 ( +5.8% ) from the 40,377 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 5,391 ( +15.4% ) from the 34,986 counted in the 1990 Census . Sayreville was originally incorporated as a township on April 6 , 1876 , from portions of South Amboy Township . On April 2 , 1919 , the borough was reincorporated as the Borough of Sayreville and ratified by a referendum held on April 29 , 1919 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 4 , 1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': '~100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion : On October 4 , 1918 , an explosion at the Morgan Depot occurred leading to many artillery shells being launched into the air , some of which landed on a neighbouring warehouse where 4000 tonnes of ammonium nitrate were stored in barrels . One of the shells caused a large explosion , but the majority of the ammonium nitrate did not detonate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T._A._Gillespie_Company_Shell_Loading_Plant_explosion', 'summary': 'The T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion , sometimes called the Morgan Munitions Depot explosion or similar titles , began at 7:36 pm EDT on Friday , October 4 , 1918 , at a World War I ammunition plant in the Morgan area of Sayreville in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States . The initial explosion , generally believed to be accidental , triggered a fire and subsequent series of explosions that continued for three days , totaling approximately six kilotons , killing about 100 people and injuring hundreds more . The facility , one of the largest in the world at the time , was destroyed along with more than 300 surrounding buildings , forcing the evacuation and reconstruction of Sayreville , South Amboy , and Laurence Harbor ( Old Bridge ) . Over a century later , explosive debris continues to surface regularly across a 1.2-mile ( 1.9 km ) radius .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tonne', 'summary': 'The tonne ( /tʌn/ ( listen ) or /tɒn/ ; symbol : t ) , is a non-SI unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms . It is commonly referred to as a metric ton in the United States . It is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds , 1.102 short tons ( US ) or approximately 0.984 long tons ( UK ) . The official SI unit is the megagram ( Mg ) , a less common way to express the same mass . The tonne is derived from the mass of one cubic metre of pure water ; at 4 °C one thousand litres of pure water has an absolute mass of one tonne .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kriewald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kriewald', 'summary': 'Knurów ( [ ˈknuruf ] ; German : Knurow ; Silesian : Knurůw ) is a town near Katowice in Silesia , southern Poland . Knurów borders on the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union , a metropolis with a population of two million . Knurów is located in the Silesian Highlands , on the Bierawka River , a tributary of the Oder River .'}]}, {'value': 'July 26 , 1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'On July 26 , 1921 , in this railway town ( now in Poland ) workers tried to dislodge 30 tonnes of ammonium nitrate that had aggregated ( solidified into one mass ) in two wagons . When mining explosives were used on this solid mass the wagons exploded and killed nineteen people', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Railway_town', 'summary': 'A railway town , or railroad town , is a settlement that originated or was greatly developed because of a railway station or junction at its site .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oppau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludwigshafen-Oppau', 'summary': "Ludwigshafen am Rhein ( German pronunciation : [ ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪ̯n ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany , on the river Rhine , opposite Mannheim . With Mannheim , Heidelberg , and the surrounding region , it forms the Rhine Neckar Area . Known primarily as an industrial city , Ludwigshafen is the home of chemical giant BASF and other companies . Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz . It is the birthplace of the former German chancellor Helmut Kohl and the philosopher Ernst Bloch . The city is a global city with 'sufficiency ' status ."}]}, {'value': 'September 21 , 1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': '561', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Explosion at BASF plant Oppau : Another attempt at disaggregation of a fertilizer mix with industrial explosives caused the death of 561 people and left more than 2000 injured . The fertilizer was a 50:50 mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate and the factory had used this method of disaggregation over 20,000 times without incident . It is thought that , on this occasion , poor mixing had led to certain parts of the mass containing more ammonium nitrate than others . Only 450 tonnes exploded , out of 4500 tonnes of fertilizer stored in the warehouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oppau_explosion', 'summary': 'The Oppau explosion occurred on September 21 , 1921 , when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau , now part of Ludwigshafen , Germany , killing 500-600 people and injuring about 2,000 more .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate', 'summary': 'Ammonium sulfate ( American English and international scientific usage ; ammonium sulphate in British English ) ; ( NH4 ) 2SO4 , is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses . The most common use is as a soil fertilizer . It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nixon , New Jersey ( now Edison Township )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey', 'summary': "New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Edison is a township in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States , in the New York City metropolitan area . Situated in north-central New Jersey , Edison lies within the core of the Raritan Valley region . As of the 2010 United States Census , Edison had a total population of 99,967 , retaining its position as the fifth-most populous municipality in New Jersey . The 2010 population reflected an increase of 2,280 ( +2.3% ) from the 97,687 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 9,007 ( +10.2% ) from the 88,680 counted in 1990 . Edison 's population has been above the 100,000 threshold since 2010 , increasing by 0.7% to a Census-estimated 100,693 in 2018 . What is now Edison Township was originally incorporated as Raritan Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17 , 1870 , from portions of both Piscataway Township and Woodbridge Township . Portions of the township were taken to form Metuchen on March 20 , 1900 , and Highland Park on March 15 , 1905 . The name was officially changed to Edison Township on November 10 , 1954 , in honor of inventor Thomas Edison , who had his main laboratory in the Menlo Park section of the township . Edison was ranked the 28th most-livable small city in the United States by CNN Money Magazine , and second in New Jersey in 2006 in Money Magazine 's Best Places To Live . In 2008 , two years later , Money Magazine ranked the township 35th out of the top 100 places to live in the United States . In the 2006 survey of America 's Safest Cities , the township was ranked 23rd , out of 371 cities included nationwide , in the 13th annual Morgan Quitno survey . In 2009 , Edison was ranked as one of America 's 10 Best Places to Grow Up by U.S. News & World Report ."}]}, {'value': 'March 1 , 1924', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924 Nixon Nitration Works disaster : On March 1 , 1924 , a fire and several large explosions destroyed a warehouse containing ammonium nitrate at the Nixon Nitration Works . The explosiveness of the product was perhaps enhanced , as it had been prepared using nitric acid that had previously been used for the production of TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1924_Nixon_Nitration_Works_disaster', 'summary': 'The Nixon Nitration Works , which included a number of plants , covered about 12 square miles ( 3,100 ha ) on the Raritan River , near New Brunswick , in what was then officially known as Raritan Township ( later changed to Edison ) and unofficially known as Nixon , New Jersey . It was originally created by naval architect and industrialist Lewis Nixon in 1915 , upon the outbreak of World War I , to supply some of the warring nations of Europe with gunpowder and other war materials . When the war ended its facilities were put to broader uses , involving other explosive materials . The company manufactured cellulose nitrate ( also known as pyroxylin-plastic ) , the first plastic . Because of its use of nitrate , the material is highly flammable . At the works , cellulose nitrate was maintained in 50-by-20-inch ( 127 by 51 cm ) sheets that had been piled in the surrounding buildings . Within the Works , Nixon leased to the Ammonite Company a storage house located 300 feet ( 91 m ) from its buildings . Ammonite was using the facility to salvage the contents of artillery shells for use as agricultural fertilizer . That salvage occurred after trinitrotoluene ( better known as TNT ) was extracted from the shells at the nearby Raritan Arsenal by Columbia Storage Company , owned by aeronautic pioneer Charles A. Levine . The Ammonite building reportedly contained 1 million US gallons ( 3,800 m3 ) of ammonium nitrate in storage and fifteen tank cars , each holding 90,000 US gallons ( 340,000 L ) of ammonium nitrate in the process of crystallization .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nitric_acid', 'summary': 'Nitric acid ( HNO3 ) , also known as aqua fortis ( Latin for strong water ) and spirit of niter , is a highly corrosive mineral acid . The pure compound is colorless , but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water . Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water . When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3 , it is referred to as fuming nitric acid . Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present , fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86% , or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95% . Nitric acid is the primary reagent used for nitration - the addition of a nitro group , typically to an organic molecule . While some resulting nitro compounds are shock- and thermally-sensitive explosives , a few are stable enough to be used in munitions and demolition , while others are still more stable and used as pigments in inks and dyes . Nitric acid is also commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Trinitrotoluene', 'summary': 'Trinitrotoluene ( /ˌtraɪˌnaɪtroʊˈtɒljuiːn/ ; TNT ) , or more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene , is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2 ( NO2 ) 3CH3 . This yellow solid is sometimes used as a reagent in chemical synthesis , but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties . The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard measure of bombs and the power of explosives . In chemistry , TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muscle Shoals , Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muscle_Shoals,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Muscle Shoals is the largest city in Colbert County , Alabama , United States . It is located along the Tennessee River in the northern part of the state and , as of the 2010 census , the population of Muscle Shoals was 13,146 . The estimated population in 2018 was 14,263 . Both the city and the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area ( including four cities in Colbert and Lauderdale counties ) are commonly called the Shoals . Northwest Alabama Regional Airport serves the Shoals region , located in the northwest section of the state . Since the 1960s , the city has been known for music . Local studios and artists developed the Muscle Shoals Sound , including FAME Studios in the late 1950s and Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in 1969 . They produced hit records that shaped the national and international history of popular music . Due to its strategic location along the Tennessee River , Muscle Shoals had long been territory of historic Native American tribes . In the late 18th and early 19th centuries , as Europeans entered the area in greater number , it became a center of historic land disputes . The new state of Georgia had ambitions to anchor its western claims ( to the Mississippi River ) by encouraging European-American development here , but that project did not succeed . In 1922 Muscle Shoals was the site of an attempted community development project by Henry Ford , noted Michigan entrepreneur of the automobile industry .'}]}, {'value': '1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'On April 4 , 1925 , and May 3 , 1925 , two carloads , each containing 220 barrels of ammonium nitrate , were dispatched from Muscle Shoals , Alabama , and caught fire in transportation . The barrels had been stored in a warehouse with varying humidity for 6 years , so it is believed that they were ignited by friction with their nitrate-impregnated manila paper lining . Other shipments were reportedly more successful', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muscle_Shoals,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Muscle Shoals is the largest city in Colbert County , Alabama , United States . It is located along the Tennessee River in the northern part of the state and , as of the 2010 census , the population of Muscle Shoals was 13,146 . The estimated population in 2018 was 14,263 . Both the city and the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area ( including four cities in Colbert and Lauderdale counties ) are commonly called the Shoals . Northwest Alabama Regional Airport serves the Shoals region , located in the northwest section of the state . Since the 1960s , the city has been known for music . Local studios and artists developed the Muscle Shoals Sound , including FAME Studios in the late 1950s and Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in 1969 . They produced hit records that shaped the national and international history of popular music . Due to its strategic location along the Tennessee River , Muscle Shoals had long been territory of historic Native American tribes . In the late 18th and early 19th centuries , as Europeans entered the area in greater number , it became a center of historic land disputes . The new state of Georgia had ambitions to anchor its western claims ( to the Mississippi River ) by encouraging European-American development here , but that project did not succeed . In 1922 Muscle Shoals was the site of an attempted community development project by Henry Ford , noted Michigan entrepreneur of the automobile industry .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miramas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miramas', 'summary': "Miramas is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France . It is the second-largest commune in metropolitan Ouest-Provence and is located at the north end of the Étang de Berre lagoon , adjacent to and northeast of the city of Istres ."}]}, {'value': 'August 5 , 1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '240 tonnes of ammonium nitrate in sacks exploded after being hit by a shell from a nearby fire in a munitions train', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tessenderlo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tessenderlo', 'summary': 'Tessenderlo is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg . It is where the three Belgian provinces of Limburg , Flemish Brabant and Antwerp meet at the front gate of the Averbode Abbey . The municipality Tessenderlo encompasses the villages of Tessenderlo proper , Schoot , Engsbergen , Hulst and Berg . On January 1 , 2006 , Tessenderlo had a total population of 16,811 . The total area is 51.35 km² which gives a population density of 327 inhabitants per km² . The name Tessenderlo means ( the open place in ) the forest of the Taxandrians It is along the Albert Canal and the European route E313 , the highway between Antwerp and Liège , one of the reasons it was the place for the first Belgian Industrial Zone of National Importance in the 1960s . Tessenderlo was the scene of an infamous industrial disaster during World War II , when a stock of 150 tonnes of ammonium nitrate at the chemical plant of Produits Chimiques de Tessenderloo ( now Tessenderlo Chemie ) - located near the centre of town - exploded on April 29 , 1942 , killing 189 people at the plant and in the town . Tessenderlo is part of a small western zone of Limburg where the local dialect is not the Limburgian dialect , but Brabantic .'}]}, {'value': 'April 29 , 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': '189', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Another attempt to disaggregate a pile of 150 tonnes of ammonium nitrate with industrial explosives ended tragically on April 29 , 1942 : 189 people were killed , 900 wounded', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_City', 'summary': "Texas City is a city in Galveston County in the U.S. state of Texas . Located on the southwest shoreline of Galveston Bay , Texas City is a busy deepwater port on Texas ' Gulf Coast , as well as a petroleum-refining and petrochemical-manufacturing center . The population was 48,558 in 2017 , making it the third-largest city in Galveston County , behind League City and Galveston . It is a part of the Houston metropolitan area . The city is notable as the site of a major explosion in 1947 that demolished the port and much of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'April 16 , 1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': '581', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas City disaster : The cargo ship Grandcamp was being loaded on April 16 , 1947 , when a fire was detected in the hold : at this point , 2300 tons of ammonium nitrate in sacks were already aboard . The captain responded by closing the hold and pumping in pressurised steam . One hour later , the ship exploded , killing several hundred people and setting fire to another vessel , the High Flyer , which was moored 250 metres away and which contained 1050 tonnes of sulfur and 960 tons of ammonium nitrate . The Grandcamp explosion also created a powerful earthshock that broke windows as far as 40 miles away and knocked two small planes flying at 1,500 feet ( 460 m ) out of the sky . The High Flyer exploded the next day , after having burned for sixteen hours . 500 tonnes of ammonium nitrate on the quayside also burned , but without exploding , probably because it was less tightly packed . All but one member of the Texas City fire department died', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_City_disaster', 'summary': "The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred April 16 , 1947 , in the Port of Texas City , Texas , at Galveston Bay . It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history , and one of history 's largest non-nuclear explosions . A mid-morning fire started on board the French-registered vessel SS Grandcamp ( docked in the port ) , and detonated her cargo of approximately 2,200 tons ( approximately 2,100 metric tons ) of ammonium nitrate . This started a chain reaction of additional fires and explosions in other ships and nearby oil-storage facilities . The events killed a total of at least 581 people , including all but one member of the Texas City fire department . The disaster triggered the first-ever class action lawsuit against the United States government , under the recently enacted Federal Tort Claims Act ( FTCA ) , on behalf of 8,485 victims ."}, {'url': '/wiki/SS_Grandcamp', 'summary': "The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred April 16 , 1947 , in the Port of Texas City , Texas , at Galveston Bay . It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history , and one of history 's largest non-nuclear explosions . A mid-morning fire started on board the French-registered vessel SS Grandcamp ( docked in the port ) , and detonated her cargo of approximately 2,200 tons ( approximately 2,100 metric tons ) of ammonium nitrate . This started a chain reaction of additional fires and explosions in other ships and nearby oil-storage facilities . The events killed a total of at least 581 people , including all but one member of the Texas City fire department . The disaster triggered the first-ever class action lawsuit against the United States government , under the recently enacted Federal Tort Claims Act ( FTCA ) , on behalf of 8,485 victims ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sulfur', 'summary': 'Sulfur ( in British English , sulphur ) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16 . It is abundant , multivalent , and nonmetallic . Under normal conditions , sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula S8 . Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow , crystalline solid at room temperature . Sulfur is the tenth most common element by mass in the universe , and the fifth most common on Earth . Though sometimes found in pure , native form , sulfur on Earth usually occurs as sulfide and sulfate minerals . Being abundant in native form , sulfur was known in ancient times , being mentioned for its uses in ancient India , ancient Greece , China , and Egypt . In the Bible , sulfur is called brimstone , which means burning stone . Today , almost all elemental sulfur is produced as a byproduct of removing sulfur-containing contaminants from natural gas and petroleum . The greatest commercial use of the element is the production of sulfuric acid for sulfate and phosphate fertilizers , and other chemical processes . The element sulfur is used in matches , insecticides , and fungicides . Many sulfur compounds are odoriferous , and the smells of odorized natural gas , skunk scent , grapefruit , and garlic are due to organosulfur compounds .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SS_Grandcamp', 'summary': "The Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred April 16 , 1947 , in the Port of Texas City , Texas , at Galveston Bay . It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history , and one of history 's largest non-nuclear explosions . A mid-morning fire started on board the French-registered vessel SS Grandcamp ( docked in the port ) , and detonated her cargo of approximately 2,200 tons ( approximately 2,100 metric tons ) of ammonium nitrate . This started a chain reaction of additional fires and explosions in other ships and nearby oil-storage facilities . The events killed a total of at least 581 people , including all but one member of the Texas City fire department . The disaster triggered the first-ever class action lawsuit against the United States government , under the recently enacted Federal Tort Claims Act ( FTCA ) , on behalf of 8,485 victims ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brest,_France', 'summary': "Brest ( French pronunciation : [ bʁɛst ] ( listen ) ; Breton pronunciation : [ bʀest ] ) is a port city in the Finistère département in Brittany . Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of the peninsula , and the western extremity of metropolitan France , Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon . The city is located on the western edge of continental Europe . With 142,722 inhabitants in a 2007 census , Brest is at the centre of Western Brittany 's largest metropolitan area ( with a population of 300,300 in total ) , ranking third behind only Nantes and Rennes in the whole of historic Brittany , and the 19th most populous city in France ; moreover , Brest provides services to the one million inhabitants of Western Brittany . Although Brest is by far the largest city in Finistère , the préfecture ( regional capital ) of the department is the much smaller Quimper . During the Middle Ages , the history of Brest was the history of its castle . Then Richelieu made it a military harbour in 1631 . Brest grew around its arsenal until the second part of the 20th century . Heavily damaged by the Allies ' bombing raids during World War II , the city centre was completely rebuilt after the war . At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century , the deindustrialization of the city was followed by the development of the service sector . Nowadays , Brest is an important university town with 23,000 students . Besides a multidisciplinary university , the University of Western Brittany , Brest and its surrounding area possess several prestigious French elite schools such as École Navale ( the French Naval Academy ) , Télécom Bretagne and the Superior National School of Advanced Techniques of Brittany ( ENSTA Bretagne , formerly ENSIETA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'July 28 , 1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Norwegian cargo ship Ocean Liberty was loaded with 3300 tonnes of ammonium nitrate and various flammable products when it caught fire at 12:30 July 28 , 1947 . The captain ordered the hold to be sealed and pressurised steam was pumped in . As this did not stop the fire , the vessel was towed out of the harbour at 14:00 , and exploded at 17:00 . The explosion caused 29 deaths and serious damage to the port of Brest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Sea', 'summary': "The Red Sea ( Arabic : البحر الأحمر Al Baḥr al aḥmar ) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean , lying between Africa and Asia . The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden . To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula , the Gulf of Aqaba , and the Gulf of Suez ( leading to the Suez Canal ) . The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion . The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley . The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km2 ( 169,100 mi2 ) , is about 2250 km ( 1398 mi ) long and , at its widest point , 355 km ( 220.6 mi ) wide . It has a maximum depth of 3,040 m ( 9,970 ft ) in the central Suakin Trough , and an average depth of 490 m ( 1,608 ft ) . However , there are also extensive shallow shelves , noted for their marine life and corals . The sea is the habitat of over 1,000 invertebrate species , and 200 soft and hard corals . It is the world 's northernmost tropical sea ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A fire was detected on the cargo ship Tirrenia on January 23 , 1953 , while it was carrying 4000 tonnes of ammonium nitrate . Attempts to extinguish the fire with steam were unsuccessful , and the ship was abandoned before it exploded later in the night', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roseburg , Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roseburg,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Roseburg is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon . It is in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon and is the county seat and most populous city of Douglas County . Founded in 1851 , the population was 21,181 at the 2010 census , making it the principal city of the Roseburg , Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area . The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5 . Traditionally a lumber industry town , Roseburg is the original home of Roseburg Forest Products , which is now based in nearby Springfield .'}]}, {'value': 'August 7 , 1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Roseburg Blast : A truck carrying dynamite and ammonium nitrate caught fire early in the morning of August 7 , 1959 . When it exploded it killed 14 people and injured 125 more . Several blocks of downtown Roseburg were destroyed . The accident is locally referred to as The Blast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roseburg,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Roseburg is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon . It is in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon and is the county seat and most populous city of Douglas County . Founded in 1851 , the population was 21,181 at the 2010 census , making it the principal city of the Roseburg , Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area . The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5 . Traditionally a lumber industry town , Roseburg is the original home of Roseburg Forest Products , which is now based in nearby Springfield .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Traskwood , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas', 'summary': "Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'December 17 , 1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'On December 17 , 1960 , a 96 freight car train suffered partial derailment , in which the last 23 cars were derailed . The derailed cars included : four fuel oil tank cars , two tank cars of gasoline , three tank cars of petroleum oil , four cars of lube oil drums , three cars of liquid fertilizer , one car of fuming nitric acid and two cars of fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate . In this particular accident , neither car of ammonium nitrate exploded . However , the nitric acid reacted with the fuel oil , essentially creating ANFO to feed the conflagration , resulting in the spread of the ammonium nitrate material around the incident site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ANFO', 'summary': 'ANFO ( or AN/FO , for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil ) is a widely used bulk industrial explosive . Its name is commonly pronounced as an-fo . It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate ( NH4NO3 ) ( AN ) , which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel , and 6% number 2 fuel oil ( FO ) . ANFO has found wide use in coal mining , quarrying , metal mining , and civil construction in applications where its low cost and ease of use may outweigh the benefits of other explosives , such as water resistance , oxygen balance , higher detonation velocity , or performance in small-diameter columns . ANFO is also widely used in avalanche hazard mitigation . It accounts for an estimated 80% of the 2.7×109 kg ( 6×10^9 lb ) of explosives used annually in North America . The press and other media have used the term ANFO loosely and imprecisely in describing improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) , in cases of fertilizer bombs ( see Malicious use below ) . The use of ANFO originated in the 1950s .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taroom , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taroom,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Taroom /təˈruːm/ is a town in the Shire of Banana and locality split between the Shire of Banana and the Western Downs Region in Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census , Taroom had a population of 869 people .'}]}, {'value': 'August 30 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A truck carrying ammonium nitrate experienced an electrical fault and caught fire north of Taroom . After the driver stopped and parked the burning truck , two brothers from a nearby cattle property who saw the fire rode up on motorbikes to assist . The three men were killed when the truck exploded . The explosion burnt out more than 2000 acres of surrounding bushland , and left a deep crater where the truck had been parked . A memorial to the three men was unveiled at the accident site in 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taroom,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Taroom /təˈruːm/ is a town in the Shire of Banana and locality split between the Shire of Banana and the Western Downs Region in Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census , Taroom had a population of 869 people .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City , Missouri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri', 'summary': "Kansas City ( abbreviated KC or KCMO ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018 , making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States . It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area , which straddles the Kansas-Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053 . Most of the city lies within Jackson County , but portions spill into Clay , Cass , and Platte counties . The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City , Kansas , ( KCK/Wyandotte County ) in Kansas . Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west . On June 1 , 1850 , the town of Kansas was incorporated ; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory . Confusion between the two ensued , and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after . In 2017 , the city had the fifth-highest per capita murder rate in the nation with 2019 homicide rates nearing a record high . Sitting on Missouri 's western boundary with Kansas , with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers , the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles ( 826.3 km2 ) , making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States . Along with Independence , one of its major suburbs , it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County . Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee 's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park , Olathe , and Kansas City ."}]}, {'value': 'November 29 , 1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': "On November 29 , 1988 , at 4:07 AM two trailers containing approximately 50,000 lb ( 23,000 kg ) of the explosive ANFO ( ammonium nitrate with fuel oil ) exploded at a construction site located near the 87th street exit of Highway 71 in Kansas City , Missouri . The explosives were to be used in the blasting of rock while constructing Highway 71 . The result of the explosions were the deaths of six firemen from the Kansas City Fire Department 's Pumper Companies 30 and 41 . Both companies were dispatched after 911 calls indicated that a pickup truck located near the trailers had been set on fire . The responding companies were warned that there were explosives on-site ; however , they were unaware that the trailers were essentially magazines filled with explosives . At 4:07 AM one of the magazines caught fire and a catastrophic explosion occurred , killing all six firemen instantly - only sparing remains were found . A second blast occurred 40 minutes later , although all fire crews had been pulled back at this time . The blasts created two craters , each approximately 100 feet ( 30 m ) wide and 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) deep . The explosions also shattered windows within a 10-mile ( 16 km ) area and could be heard 40 miles ( 64 km ) away . It was later determined that the explosions were acts of arson , set by individuals embroiled in a labor dispute with the construction company contracted to build the highway", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri', 'summary': "Kansas City ( abbreviated KC or KCMO ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018 , making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States . It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area , which straddles the Kansas-Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053 . Most of the city lies within Jackson County , but portions spill into Clay , Cass , and Platte counties . The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City , Kansas , ( KCK/Wyandotte County ) in Kansas . Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west . On June 1 , 1850 , the town of Kansas was incorporated ; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory . Confusion between the two ensued , and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after . In 2017 , the city had the fifth-highest per capita murder rate in the nation with 2019 homicide rates nearing a record high . Sitting on Missouri 's western boundary with Kansas , with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers , the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles ( 826.3 km2 ) , making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States . Along with Independence , one of its major suburbs , it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County . Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee 's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park , Olathe , and Kansas City ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Arson', 'summary': "Arson is the crime of willfully and maliciously setting fire to or charring property . Though the act typically involves buildings , the term arson can also refer to the intentional burning of other things , such as motor vehicles , watercraft , or forests . The crime is typically classified as a felony , with instances involving a greater degree of risk to human life or property carrying a stricter penalty . A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud . In such cases , a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy . A person who commits arson is called an 'arsonist ' . Arsonists normally use an accelerant ( such as gasoline or kerosene ) to ignite , propel and directionalize fires , and the detection and identification of ignitable liquid residues ( ILRs ) is an important part of fire investigations . Pyromania is an impulse control disorder characterized by the pathological setting of fires . Most acts of arson are not committed by pyromaniacs ."}]}, {'value': 'Papua New Guinea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porgera Gold Mine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porgera_Gold_Mine', 'summary': "The Porgera Gold Mine is a large gold and silver mining operation in Enga province , Papua New Guinea ( PNG ) , located at the head of the Porgera Valley . The mine is situated in the rain forest covered highlands at an altitude of 2,200 to 2,700 m , in a region of high rainfall , landslides , and frequent earthquakes . The Porgera Gold Mine is operated by the Porgera Joint Venture ( PJV ) . It began production in 1990 and was developed and operated by Placer Dome which was acquired in 2006 by Barrick Gold , the world 's largest gold mining company at that time . Emperor Gold Mine , holding a minority stake of 20% , sold to Barrick in April 2007 . This gave Barrick ( Niugini ) a 95% ownership of the operation . The remaining 5% is owned by Mineral Resources Enga ( MRE ) , which is owned by the Enga Provincial Government , the Papua New Guinea National Government and the Porgera Landowners Association . Barrick Gold Corporation and Zijin Mining Group each own 50% of Barrick ( Niugini ) Ltd. Porgera Gold Mine is the second largest mine in Papua New Guinea and is regarded as one of the world 's top ten producing gold mines . In 2009 it produced 572,595 ounces of gold and 94,764 ounces of silver and had 2,500 employees and 500 contractors . Since it began operating , the mine has produced more than 16 million ounces of gold and almost 3 million ounces of silver , accounting for about 12 percent of Papua New Guinea 's total exports . The mine 's proven and probable mineral reserves as of 2009 amount to 8.1 million ounces of gold . Porgera Gold Mine is controversial ."}]}, {'value': 'August 2 , 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'At 9:45 am , 2 August 1994 , 11 workers were killed when the sensitised AN emulsion plant they were working on exploded at the Porgera Gold Mine . The fatal explosion involved at most a few tonnes of explosive . A larger explosion of about 80 tonnes of emulsion ( Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion , ANE , UN 3375 ) was caused by fires under storage facilities at the site at 11:02 AM . There were no fatalities in the second explosion because the site had been evacuated . A mushroom cloud was seen to rise . ANE is an emulsion of ammonium nitrate , fuel and water', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porgera_Gold_Mine', 'summary': "The Porgera Gold Mine is a large gold and silver mining operation in Enga province , Papua New Guinea ( PNG ) , located at the head of the Porgera Valley . The mine is situated in the rain forest covered highlands at an altitude of 2,200 to 2,700 m , in a region of high rainfall , landslides , and frequent earthquakes . The Porgera Gold Mine is operated by the Porgera Joint Venture ( PJV ) . It began production in 1990 and was developed and operated by Placer Dome which was acquired in 2006 by Barrick Gold , the world 's largest gold mining company at that time . Emperor Gold Mine , holding a minority stake of 20% , sold to Barrick in April 2007 . This gave Barrick ( Niugini ) a 95% ownership of the operation . The remaining 5% is owned by Mineral Resources Enga ( MRE ) , which is owned by the Enga Provincial Government , the Papua New Guinea National Government and the Porgera Landowners Association . Barrick Gold Corporation and Zijin Mining Group each own 50% of Barrick ( Niugini ) Ltd. Porgera Gold Mine is the second largest mine in Papua New Guinea and is regarded as one of the world 's top ten producing gold mines . In 2009 it produced 572,595 ounces of gold and 94,764 ounces of silver and had 2,500 employees and 500 contractors . Since it began operating , the mine has produced more than 16 million ounces of gold and almost 3 million ounces of silver , accounting for about 12 percent of Papua New Guinea 's total exports . The mine 's proven and probable mineral reserves as of 2009 amount to 8.1 million ounces of gold . Porgera Gold Mine is controversial ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port Neal , Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergeant_Bluff,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Sergeant Bluff is a city in Woodbury County , Iowa , United States . It is part of the Sioux City , IA-NE-SD Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 4,227 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port Neal fertilizer plant explosion : At about 6:06 AM on December 13 , 1994 , two explosions rocked the Port Neal , Iowa , ammonium nitrate processing plant operated by Terra Industries . Four people were killed and 18 injured . Approximately 5,700 tons of anhydrous ammonia were released and releases of ammonia continued for six days after the explosions . Groundwater under the processing plant was contaminated by chemicals released as a result of the blast . The timing of the explosion occurred prior to the start of the arrival of the 8:00 AM shift personnel , or the death toll might have been larger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Neal_fertilizer_plant_explosion', 'summary': 'The Port Neal fertilizer plant explosion occurred on December 13 , 1994 in the ammonium nitrate plant at the Terra International , Inc. , Port Neal Complex , 16 miles south of Sioux City , Iowa , United States . Four workers at the plant were killed by the explosion , and eighteen others were injured . The seven-story building at the seat of the blast was completely destroyed , leaving only a crater , and significant damage was inflicted to the surrounding structures . Four nearby electricity generating stations were disabled by the explosion , and the effects of the blast were felt up to 30 miles away . A high-voltage line running adjacent to the plant and over the Missouri River was damaged , disrupting power in the neighboring state of Nebraska . Two 15,000-ton refrigerated ammonia storage tanks were ruptured , releasing liquid ammonia and ammonia vapors which forced the evacuation of 1,700 residents from the surrounding area .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xingping , Shaanxi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xingping', 'summary': "Xingping ( simplified Chinese : 兴平 ; traditional Chinese : 興平 ; pinyin : Xīngpíng ) is a city located in the center part of Shaanxi province , China . It has been a city since 1993 , with a total area of 496 square kilometers and a population of 620,000 . The annual average temperature is 13.1 ℃ and its annual precipitation of 585 mm . At present , Xingping has developed more than 50 industries including maritime , aviation , electronics , medicine , and light industry . The historic sites of the city ( also spelled Hsing-ping ) can be found in Xingping Old Street and Fishing Village about 2 km ( 1.2 mi ) from the town . The old banyan tree , which needs as many as eight people 's outstretched arms to encircle it , and Guandi ( General Guan Yu ) Temple which was built in the Qing Dynasty both tell the long history of the town . Other places of interest in the city includes the tomb of Han Maoling , Huo Yang 's tomb and Xingping 's North Tower . Liu Jin ( also known as Liu Chin ) , born circa 1451 or 1452 , is from the area of Xingping ( Hsing-ping ) . A son of Tan lineage , when he was made a eunuch under the aegis of a eunuch official named Liu , he appropriated that surname . Infamous for being an extremely corrupt official who abused his office to amass a great fortune , he was executed in Beijing in 1510 for treason by a thousand cuts over a three-day period . He died on the 2nd day after 300 to 400 cuts . Witnesses at the time said that angry onlookers bought a piece of his flesh for one qian ( the smallest currency at the time ) and consumed it with rice wine ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shaanxi', 'summary': "Shaanxi ( simplified Chinese : 陕西 ; traditional Chinese : 陝西 ; pinyin : Shǎnxī ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ ʂàn.ɕí ] ( listen ) ; formerly Shensi ) is a landlocked province in Northwest China . It lies in central China , bordering the provinces of Shanxi ( NE , E ) , Henan ( E ) , Hubei ( SE ) , Chongqing ( S ) , Sichuan ( SW ) , Gansu ( W ) , Ningxia ( NW ) , and Inner Mongolia ( N ) . Shaanxi covers an area of over 205,000 km2 ( 79,151 sq mi ) with about 37 million people , the 16th highest in China . Xi'an - which includes the sites of the former Chinese capitals Fenghao and Chang'an - is the capital and largest city in the province . Xianyang , which served as the Qin dynasty capital , is located nearby . The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang , Baoji , Hanzhong , Shangluo , Tongchuan , Weinan , Yan'an and Yulin . Shaanxi comprises the Wei Valley and much of the surrounding fertile Loess Plateau , stretching from the Qin Mountains and Shannan in the south to the Ordos Desert in the north . Along with areas of adjacent Shanxi and Henan provinces , it formed the cradle of Chinese civilization , with its Guanzhong region sheltering the capitals of the Zhou , Han , Jin , Sui , and Tang dynasties in addition to the Qin . It does not include the full territory of the Yellow River 's Ordos Loop , with the Great Wall of China separating it from the grasslands and deserts of Inner Mongolia . The vast majority of the population of Shaanxi is Han Chinese . Mandarin is mainly spoken in Shaanxi , including Zhongyuan Mandarin and Southwestern Mandarin ; another variety of Chinese , Jin , is also spoken . Shaanxi is China 's 15th largest economy , ranking within the middle among China 's administrative divisions ."}]}, {'value': 'January 6 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'At midnight on January 6 , 1998 , the Xinghua Fertilizer company had a series of explosions in the plant . About 27.6 tons of ammonium nitrate liquor was in a container there . The explosion claimed 22 lives , with a further 56 wounded . The explosion was officially announced as an accident', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toulouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toulouse', 'summary': "Toulouse ( /tuːˈluːz/ , too-LOOZ ; French : [ tuluz ] ( listen ) ; Occitan : Tolosa [ tuˈluzo ] ; Latin : Tolosa ) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie . The city is on the banks of the River Garonne , 150 kilometres ( 93 miles ) from the Mediterranean Sea , 230 km ( 143 mi ) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km ( 420 mi ) from Paris . It is the fourth-largest city in France , with 466,297 inhabitants as of January 2014 . In France , Toulouse is called the Pink City ( La Ville Rose ) . The Toulouse Metro area , with 1,312,304 inhabitants as of 2014 , is France 's fourth-largest metropolitan area , after Paris , Lyon and Marseille , and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux . Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry , with the headquarters of Airbus ( formerly EADS ) , the SPOT satellite system , ATR and the Aerospace Valley . It also hosts the European headquarters of Intel and CNES 's Toulouse Space Centre ( CST ) , the largest space centre in Europe . Thales Alenia Space , ATR , SAFRAN , Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse . The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe ( founded in 1229 ) and , with more than 103,000 students , it is the fourth-largest university campus in France , after the universities of Paris , Lyon and Lille . The air route between Toulouse-Blagnac and Paris Orly is the busiest in Europe , transporting 2.4 million passengers in 2014 . According to the rankings of L'Express and Challenges , Toulouse is the most dynamic French city . The city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century and the capital of the province of Languedoc in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period ( provinces were abolished during the French Revolution ) , making it the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania ( Southern France ) ."}]}, {'value': 'September 21 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': "AZF : On September 21 , 2001 , at 10:15 AM , in the AZF ( Azote de France ) fertiliser factory in Toulouse , France , an explosion occurred in a warehouse where the off-specification granular AN was stored flat , separated by partitions . About 200-300 tons were said to be involved in the explosion , resulting in 31 people dead and 2,442 injured , 34 of them seriously . The blast wave shattered windows up to 3 km away , and the resulting crater was 10 m deep and 50 m wide . The exact cause remains unknown . The material damage was estimated at 2.3 billion euros . France 's Environment Minister initially suggested the explosion may have been a terrorist attack as it occurred soon after the September 11 attacks and one worker may have had militant views", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AZF_(factory)', 'summary': 'AZF ( French initialism for AZote Fertilisant , i.e . nitrogen fertiliser ) was the name of a chemical factory in Toulouse , France , which exploded on 21 September 2001 . The blast was equivalent to 20-40 tons of TNT , measuring 3.4 on the Richter scale , and was heard 80 km away ( 50 miles ) . The incident resulted in 29 deaths and left 2,500 wounded . Damages paid by insurance companies exceeded 1.5 billion euros . Although authorities initially treated the incident as an accident , the then Environment Minister speculated that the explosion may have been a terrorist attack in the wake of the September 11 attacks . The body of a worker known to harbor Islamic fundamentalist sympathies was found in the blast and investigated , although official investigation found the blast to be accidental . In spring of 2004 , a terrorist group adopted the same name and threatened the French government with bombings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toulouse', 'summary': "Toulouse ( /tuːˈluːz/ , too-LOOZ ; French : [ tuluz ] ( listen ) ; Occitan : Tolosa [ tuˈluzo ] ; Latin : Tolosa ) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie . The city is on the banks of the River Garonne , 150 kilometres ( 93 miles ) from the Mediterranean Sea , 230 km ( 143 mi ) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km ( 420 mi ) from Paris . It is the fourth-largest city in France , with 466,297 inhabitants as of January 2014 . In France , Toulouse is called the Pink City ( La Ville Rose ) . The Toulouse Metro area , with 1,312,304 inhabitants as of 2014 , is France 's fourth-largest metropolitan area , after Paris , Lyon and Marseille , and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux . Toulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry , with the headquarters of Airbus ( formerly EADS ) , the SPOT satellite system , ATR and the Aerospace Valley . It also hosts the European headquarters of Intel and CNES 's Toulouse Space Centre ( CST ) , the largest space centre in Europe . Thales Alenia Space , ATR , SAFRAN , Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse . The University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe ( founded in 1229 ) and , with more than 103,000 students , it is the fourth-largest university campus in France , after the universities of Paris , Lyon and Lille . The air route between Toulouse-Blagnac and Paris Orly is the busiest in Europe , transporting 2.4 million passengers in 2014 . According to the rankings of L'Express and Challenges , Toulouse is the most dynamic French city . The city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century and the capital of the province of Languedoc in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period ( provinces were abolished during the French Revolution ) , making it the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania ( Southern France ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1000000000_(number)', 'summary': '1,000,000,000 ( one billion , short scale ; one thousand million or milliard , yard , long scale ) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001 . One billion can also be written as b or bn . In scientific notation , it is written as 1 × 109 . The metric prefix giga indicates 1,000,000,000 times the base unit . Its symbol is G. One billion years may be called an eon/aeon in astronomy or geology . Previously in British English ( but not in American English ) , the word billion referred exclusively to a million millions ( 1,000,000,000,000 ) . However , this is no longer common , and the word has been used to mean one thousand million ( 1,000,000,000 ) for several decades . The term milliard can also be used to refer to 1,000,000,000 ; whereas milliard is rarely used in English , variations on this name often appear in other languages . In the South Asian numbering system , it is known as 100 crore or 1 arab .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Euro', 'summary': 'The euro ( sign : € ; code : EUR ) is the official currency of 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union . This group of states is known as the eurozone or euro area , and counts about 343 million citizens as of 2019 [ update ] . The euro , which is divided into 100 cents , is the second-largest and second-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar . The currency is also used officially by the institutions of the European Union , by four European microstates that are not EU members , as well as unilaterally by Montenegro and Kosovo . Outside Europe , a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency . Additionally , over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro . The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar . As of December 2019 [ update ] , with more than €1.3 trillion in circulation , the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world . The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid . The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999 , replacing the former European Currency Unit ( ECU ) at a ratio of 1:1 ( US $ 1.1743 ) . Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002 , making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members , and by March 2002 it had completely replaced the former currencies . While the euro dropped subsequently to US $ 0.83 within two years ( 26 October 2000 ) , it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002 , peaking at US $ 1.60 on 18 July 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartagena , Murcia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartagena,_Murcia', 'summary': "Cartagena ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kaɾtaˈxena ] ; Latin : Carthago Nova ) is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia , by the Mediterranean coast , south-eastern Spain . As of January 2018 , it has a population of 213,943 inhabitants , being the Region 's second-largest municipality and the country 's sixth-largest non-provincial-capital city . The metropolitan area of Cartagena , known as Campo de Cartagena , has a population of 409,586 inhabitants . Cartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia , being founded around 227 BC by the Carthaginian Hasdrubal the Fair as Qart Hadasht ( Phoenician , meaning 'New Town ' ) , the same name as the original city of Carthage . The city had its heyday during the Roman Empire , when it was known as Carthago Nova ( the New Carthage ) and Carthago Spartaria , capital of the province of Carthaginensis . It was one of the important cities during the Umayyad invasion of Hispania , under its Arabic name of Qartayannat al-Halfa . Much of the historical weight of Cartagena in the past goes to its coveted defensive port , one of the most important in the western Mediterranean . Cartagena has been the capital of the Spanish Navy 's Maritime Department of the Mediterranean since the arrival of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century . As far back as the 16th century it was one of the most important naval ports in Spain , together with Ferrol in the North . It is still an important naval seaport , the main military haven of Spain , and is home to a large naval shipyard . The confluence of civilizations as well as its strategic harbour , together with the rise of the local mining industry is manifested by a unique artistic heritage , with a number of landmarks such as the Roman Theatre , the second largest of the Iberian Peninsula after the one in Mérida , an abundance of Phoenician , Roman , Byzantine and Moorish remains , and a plethora of Art Nouveau buildings , a result of the bourgeoisie from the early 20th century . Cartagena is now established as a major cruise ship destination in the Mediterranean and an emerging cultural focus ."}]}, {'value': 'January 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The fertilizer storage facility of Fertiberia held a self-sustained decomposition ( SSD ) fire in January 2003 . The fire was controlled after most of the material was removed by mechanical means', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Timeline of major disasters', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Ammonium_nitrate_disasters_0', 'intro': 'When heated, ammonium nitrate decomposes non-explosively into gases including oxygen; however, it can be induced to decompose explosively by detonation. Large stockpiles of the material can be a major fire risk due to their supporting oxidation, and may also detonate, as happened in the Texas City disaster of 1947, which led to major changes in the regulations for storage and handling. There are two major classes of incidents resulting in explosions:'}
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How much precipitation falls annually in the last city that suffered an incident in the 90s ?
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585 mm
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033d4a1e7fa6329d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._New_York_Basketball', 'title': 'Mr. New York Basketball', 'header': ['School', 'Number of Awards', 'Years'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abraham Lincoln', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Brooklyn,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Abraham Lincoln High School is a public high school located at 2800 Ocean Parkway , in Brooklyn , New York , United States , under the jurisdiction of the New York City Department of Education . The school was built in 1929 , and since graduated three Nobel Prize laureates , as well as many doctors , scientists , engineers , politicians , musicians , artists , and other notable alumni . The current principal is Ari A. Hoogenboom . It was built during the Great Depression , and in order to save money , one set of blueprints was used for Lincoln and other high schools in New York City , including Bayside High School , Samuel J. Tilden High School , John Adams High School , and Grover Cleveland High School . The school features five gymnasiums , an outdoor football and track and field . a swimming pool , a photography studio , an animal science lab , an office classroom and an auditorium .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 , 2004 , 2009 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Raymond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Raymond_High_School_for_Boys', 'summary': "St. Raymond High School for Boys is a parochial high school affiliated with the New York , U.S.A. Archdiocesan Association of Catholic Schools . It is accredited by the Board of Regents of the State of New York , the Middle States Association and the Brothers of the Christian Schools . The school is a recipient of a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award ( 1994-1996 ) , and holds memberships with the National Catholic Education Association and the Catholic Administrators Association of New York State . It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York in the Parkchester section of The Bronx . The school 's mascot is The Raven ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 , 2000 , 2001 , 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shenendehowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shenendehowa_High_School', 'summary': "Shenendehowa High School ( often shortened to Shen High School ) is a public high school in Clifton Park , New York , United States . It is part of the Shenendehowa Central School District . Students are separated between two buildings ( East and West ) by their grade levels . Both buildings are located on the district 's main campus off of NY 146 . The recently expanded East building houses 10th through 12th graders , while the West building houses only 9th graders . It is the largest public school district in a suburban area in New York State ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holy Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holy_Cross_High_School_(Flushing)', 'summary': "Holy Cross High School is a newly co-ed Roman Catholic high school in Flushing , in the New York City borough of Queens . Founded in 1955 , the school was chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York and accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . Located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn , it is sponsored by the Brothers of Holy Cross . There is a 98% college placement rate . The School 's team is the Holy Cross Knights and the school 's arch athletic rival is the Saint Francis Prep High School Terriers . Since they are both located on Francis Lewis Boulevard approximately 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) apart , when they play each other the game is called the Battle of the Boulevard ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rice_High_School_(New_York)', 'summary': 'Rice High School was a private , Roman Catholic , college preparatory high school in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City , United States . It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York . It held its final graduation ceremony on May 27 , 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Vernon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Vernon_High_School_(New_York)', 'summary': 'Mount Vernon High School ( MVHS ) is a public high school in the Chester Heights section of the City of Mount Vernon in Westchester County , New York , United States . It is part of the Mount Vernon City School District .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamesville-Dewitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamesville-Dewitt_High_School', 'summary': 'Jamesville-DeWitt High School ( JDHS ) is a New York state public education facility located in the town of DeWitt , serving high school students ( grades 9-12 ) in the Jamesville-Dewitt Central School District . The current principal is Paul Gasparini .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half Hollow Hills East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Half_Hollow_Hills_Central_School_District', 'summary': 'Half Hollow Hills Central School District ( # 5 ) is located in Dix Hills and primarily serves the hamlets of Dix Hills and Melville , while also serving parts of East Farmingdale , Deer Park , West Hills , and Wheatley Heights . Nine schools ( five elementary , two middle , and two high schools ) comprise the school district .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iona Prep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iona_Preparatory_School', 'summary': "Iona Preparatory School ( commonly known as Iona Prep ) is an independent , Roman Catholic , all-male , college preparatory school located in the north end of New Rochelle , New York , in suburban Westchester County . Iona Prep consists of the Upper School for Grades 9 through 12 and the Lower School ( formerly Iona Grammar School ) for Grades kindergarten through eighth grade . The primary and secondary schools are located on separate and nearby campuses less than a mile apart on Stratton Road . Named for the Scottish island of Iona , the school was founded in 1916 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers . Iona is a privately owned independent school without parochial affiliation and is located within the Archdiocese of New York . Iona Prep is the brother school to local Catholic girls ' school The Ursuline School . It shares a history with nearby Iona College , which was founded 24 years after the Prep in 1940 . The Prep and college shared a common campus at 715 North Avenue until the Upper School completed the move in 1968 to its fifth and final home on a 27-acre campus at 255 Wilmot Road . It includes the formerly separate K-8 Iona Grammar School , now the Iona Prep Lower School , which is located on a separate campus of 10 acres . As of 2015 , Iona Prep has an enrollment of 979 students , 771 in the Upper School and 208 in the Lower School . The Iona Prep Upper School maintains a student dress code that includes a dress shirt and tie with a blazer and dress slacks ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christ the King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christ_the_King_Regional_High_School', 'summary': 'Christ the King Regional High School is a co-educational , college preparatory , Catholic high school for grades 9-12 located in Middle Village , Queens , New York , United States and established in 1962 . It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn . The school is located next to the Middle Village-Metropolitan Avenue subway station ( M train ) .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Island Lutheran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Island_Lutheran_Middle_and_High_School', 'summary': 'Long Island Lutheran Middle and High School ( commonly known as LuHi } is a Christian college preparatory school in Brookville , New York , United States . It was founded and built in 1960 on a 32-acre ( 13 ha ) estate and has a student body of approximately 450 students in grades 6-12 , with students coming from more than 50 school districts throughout Long Island and New York City . The school is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half Hollow Hills West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Half_Hollow_Hills_Central_School_District', 'summary': 'Half Hollow Hills Central School District ( # 5 ) is located in Dix Hills and primarily serves the hamlets of Dix Hills and Melville , while also serving parts of East Farmingdale , Deer Park , West Hills , and Wheatley Heights . Nine schools ( five elementary , two middle , and two high schools ) comprise the school district .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niagara Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Falls_High_School', 'summary': "Niagara Falls High School is a public high school located at 4455 Porter Road in Niagara Falls , New York , United States . It was established in 2000 , becoming the city 's only public high school , with the merging of the original Niagara Falls High School and the former LaSalle Senior High Schoot . The school 's graduation rate is 71% , slightly below the state average ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Brothers Academy ( Syracuse )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Brothers_Academy_(Syracuse,_New_York)', 'summary': "Christian Brothers Academy ( CBA ) is a private Catholic college preparatory school in suburban Syracuse , New York run by the Brothers of the Christian Schools , founded by St. John Baptist de La Salle . Located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse , the school has more than 750 students in grades seven through twelve . It was founded in 1900 by the Christian Brothers , who still run the school , though most of the teachers are laity . In 1960 , it moved from its original site on Willow Street in downtown Syracuse to its current location in suburban Dewitt on Randall Road . CBA was a boys-only school until September 1987 . CBA opened to girls after Syracuse 's all-girls school , The Franciscan Academy , closed and many of those parents actively lobbied to have CBA accept female students . In 2019 , CBA was named a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence , one of 50 private schools nationally , and the only private school in New York State . CBA was also ranked as the No . 1 Catholic high school in all of Upstate New York ( Albany , Rochester , Buffalo , Binghamton , etc. ) . Members of the graduating class of 2019 received college acceptances into such schools as Notre Dame , Harvard University , Princeton , Yale , Cornell University , Boston College , Georgetown , Villanova University , United States Air Force Academy , Clemson University , Colgate University , Clarkson University , Hamilton College , Syracuse University , Le Moyne College and other equally prestigious colleges and universities . The class of 2019 received a total of over $ 25,000,000 in scholarships , had six National Merit Commended Students , and had seven students who committed to play Division I athletics . The average standardized test scores achieved by CBA students are in the top 15% of all high schools in the country ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McQuaid Jesuit ( Rochester )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McQuaid_Jesuit_High_School', 'summary': 'McQuaid Jesuit High School is an all-male , Catholic , Jesuit , college preparatory school located in the metropolitan area of Rochester , New York . Named after Bernard J. McQuaid , the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester , McQuaid is located at 1800 Clinton Avenue South , in the suburb of Brighton .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amityville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amityville_Memorial_High_School', 'summary': 'Amityville Memorial High School is a public high school located in Amityville , New York , United States , on the south shore of Long Island . It is part of the Amityville Union Free School District , which includes the village of Amityville and portions of North Amityville and East Massapequa . The school follows a basic New York State Regents guideline and offers Advanced Placement ( AP ) and Syracuse University credited courses . The members of hip-hop group De La Soul were students of Amityville High School , and released their debut LP 3 Feet High and Rising soon after ( 1989 ) . Most were still high school students when their first album was released . Eddie Reyes , founder of Taking Back Sunday , also hails from Amityville .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turner Carroll ( Buffalo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peekskill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peekskill_High_School', 'summary': "Peekskill High School , established in 1929 , is located at 1072 Elm Street in Peekskill , New York , United States . It educates most of the district 's ninth , tenth , eleventh , and twelfth graders . The school 's current principal is Rodney Arthur . Peekskill students prepare for the New York State Regents Exams in science , language , mathematics , history and English . In addition to the Regents curriculum , the high school also offers Advanced Placement courses , which prepare students to take the AP Exams offered by the College Board in early May . A new course at the school as of the 2007-2008 school year is the three-year Authentic Science Research program . Several college courses are also offered . The school replaced the Peekskill High School at 212 Ringgold Street ( 1929 to 1972 ) . Prior to 1929 , Drum Hill School served as the high school , and is now a senior living community . The current school is located on the former grounds of the original Peekskill Military Academy , which closed in 1968 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hackley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hackley_School', 'summary': "Hackley School is a private college preparatory school located in Tarrytown , New York and is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League . Founded in 1899 by a wealthy philanthropist , Mrs. Caleb Brewster Hackley , Hackley was intended to be a Unitarian alternative to the mostly Episcopal boarding schools throughout the Northeast . Since its founding , Hackley has dropped its Unitarian affiliations and changed from all-boys to coeducational . Hackley is divided into three schools on the same campus : the Lower School , the Middle School , and the Upper School . Hackley school is also a member of global education association , Round Square . In September 2015 , Hackley announced the appointment of Michael C. Wirtz as Hackley 's 12th head of school . Mr. Wirtz began his tenure July 1 , 2016 , succeeding Walter C. Johnson , who served as headmaster from 1995-2016 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greece Athena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece_Athena_High_School', 'summary': 'Greece Athena High School serves grades 9-12 as a part of the Greece Central School District in Greece , NY , a suburb of Rochester , New York . It occupies the 1st and 2nd floors of the Athena Complex and shares its library and the Greece Performing Arts Center ( G.P.A.C . ) with Greece Athena Middle School , which is located on the 3rd floor . The high school and middle school was visited by President George W. Bush in 2005 . [ citation needed ] The school is notable for the February 15th , 2006 Greece Athena Trojans basketball game vs the Spencerport Rangers when basketball coach Jim Johnson inserted his team manager Jason McElwain with 4 minutes and 19 seconds left on the clock , McElwain , who has autism , ended up scoring twenty points including six three-point shots and one two-point shot , when the buzzer rang the crowd stormed the court in celebration and lifted McElwain on their shoulders .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Award winners -- Awards by school', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Mr._New_York_Basketball_1', 'intro': 'N/A'}
| null | null |
How many awards did the school built to the same design as Bayside High School win ?
|
4
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033e5bbdeec9d551
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elevation_extremes_by_country', 'title': 'List of elevation extremes by country', 'header': ['Country or region', 'Highest point', 'Maximum elevation', 'Lowest point', 'Minimum elevation', 'Elevation span'], 'data': [{'value': 'Afghanistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afghanistan', 'summary': "Afghanistan ( /æfˈɡænɪstæn , æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn/ ( listen ) ; Pashto/Dari : افغانستان , Pashto : Afġānistān [ avɣɒnisˈtɒn , ab- ] , [ a ] Dari : Afġānestān [ avɣɒnesˈtɒn ] ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country in Asia . Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south ; [ b ] Iran to the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan to the north ; and China to the northeast . Occupying 652,000 square kilometers ( 252,000 sq mi ) , it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest . Kabul is the capital and largest city . The population is 32 million , mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras and Uzbeks . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era , and the country 's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia . The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns , including those by Alexander the Great , Mauryas , Muslim Arabs , Mongols , British , Soviets , and by the United States with allied countries . The land also served as the source from which the Kushans , Hephthalites , Samanids , Saffarids , Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Khaljis , Mughals , Hotaks , Durranis , and others have risen to form major empires . The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century . In the late 19th century , Afghanistan became a buffer state in the Great Game between British India and the Russian Empire . Its border with British India , the Durand Line , was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter 's independence in 1947 . Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence , eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan , until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established ."}]}, {'value': 'Noshaq', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noshaq', 'summary': "Noshaq ( also called Nowshak or Nōshākh ; Persian/Urdu/Pashto : نوشاخ ) is the second highest peak in the Hindu Kush Range ( after Tirich Mir ) at 7,492 m ( 24,580 ft ) . It lies in the Wakhan corridor , on the border between Pakistan and Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan . It is the highest point in Afghanistan and is the world 's westernmost 7,000 meter massif . The main peak and Noshaq West ( 7250 m ) are on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border lying within Pakistan but also bordering Afghanistan ( the Durand Line ) , a watershed divide . The other peaks of this massif lie well within Pakistan . These all are easily accessible from Chitral , 64 km away . The west side of the massif is in Afghanistan whereas the south and eastern sides are in Pakistan . The second highest peak in this massif is Noshaq East ( 7480m ) . The third highest peak of the massif is Noshaq Central ( 7400m ) followed by Noshaq West ."}]}, {'value': '7492 m 24,580 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amu Darya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amu_Darya', 'summary': 'The Amu Darya [ a ] ( also called the Amu or Amo River , Amudaryo , and historically known by its Latin name Oxus and Greek Ὦξος ) is a major river in Central Asia . It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers , in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan , and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea . In ancient history , the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan .'}]}, {'value': '258 m 846 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7234 m 23,734 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albania', 'summary': 'Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .'}]}, {'value': 'Korab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Korab_(mountain)', 'summary': 'Mount Korab ( Albanian : Maja e Korabit or Mali i Korabit ; Macedonian : Голем Кораб , Golem Korab ) is the highest peak of the eponymous mountain range and the fourth highest mountain entirely located in the Balkan Peninsula , standing at 2,764 metres ( 9,068 feet ) . The summit of the Korab mountain range in the Albanian-Macedonian border , Korab is the highest peak of Albania and the Republic of North Macedonia and also one of only two summits in Europe , which are the highest point for more than one country . The Korab is also the 18th most prominent mountain peak in the European continent and the third on the Balkan Peninsula . Korab is situated within the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park . It is noted for its rich flora , including species such as Bosnian pine , European beech , Coppicing forest , and Alder forest . The peak lies adjacent to the Šar Mountains . Mount Korab is also pictured in the national emblem of North Macedonia .'}]}, {'value': '2764 m 9,068 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adriatic Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adriatic_Sea', 'summary': "The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/ is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula . The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea , extending from the Strait of Otranto ( where it connects to the Ionian Sea ) to the northwest and the Po Valley . The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Italy , Montenegro and Slovenia . The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands , mostly located along the Croatian part of its eastern coast . It is divided into three basins , the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest , with a maximum depth of 1,233 metres ( 4,045 ft ) . The Otranto Sill , an underwater ridge , is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas . The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto , along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western ( Italian ) coast . Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight , although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally . The Adriatic 's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean 's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean , acting as a dilution basin . The surface water temperatures generally range from 30 °C ( 86 °F ) in summer to 12 °C ( 54 °F ) in winter , significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin 's climate . The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate , which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era . The plate 's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2764 m 9,068 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeria', 'summary': 'Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Tahat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Tahat', 'summary': "Mount Tahat ( Arabic : جبل تاهات ) is the highest mountain peak in Algeria . It sits at an elevation of 2,908 metres ( 9,541 ft ) . Other sources indicate an elevation of 3,003 metres ( 9,852 ft ) . Tahat is also the highest peak in the Hoggar Mountains . Its nearest city is Tamanrasset which is located 56 km to the south . Mount Tahat is of volcanic origin . It is located in an arid , rocky high plateau area of the central Sahara Desert . The Tuareg inhabit this region . To the north lie the Tassili n'Ajjer mountains , which contain cave paintings dating from a period between 8000 and 2000 BC . The rock art is pastoral , showing cattle breeding and hunting of animals that are today exclusively found in the southern Sahara 's climate ."}]}, {'value': '3003 m 9,852 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chott Melrhir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chott_Melrhir', 'summary': 'Chott Melrhir ( Arabic : شط ملغيغ ) also known as Chott Melghir or Chott Melhir is an endorheic salt lake in northeastern Algeria . It the westernmost part of a series of depressions , which extend from the Gulf of Gabès into the Sahara . They were created between Miocene and Early Pleistocene as a result of compression accompanying the formation of the Atlas Mountains . With the maximum area of about 6,700 km2 ( 2,600 sq mi ) , Chott Melrhir is the largest lake in Algeria . It lies almost entirely below the sea level and contains the lowest point in Algeria , −40 meters ( −130 feet ) . Its size varies over the year and is usually larger than 130 km ( 81 mi ) from east to west . The nearby cities are Biskra ( 60 km north-east ) , El Oued and Touggourt ( 85 km south ) .'}]}, {'value': '−40 m −131 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3043 m 9,984 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Samoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Samoa', 'summary': 'American Samoa ( /səˈmoʊə/ ( listen ) ; locally /ˈsɑːmoʊə/ ; Samoan : Amerika Sāmoa , [ aˈmɛɾika ˈsaːmʊa ] ; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika ) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean , southeast of ( the independent nation of ) Samoa . Its location is centered on 14.2710° S , 170.1322° W. It is east of the International Date Line , while Samoa is west of the Line . American Samoa consists of five main islands and two coral atolls . The largest and most populous island is Tutuila , with the Manuʻa Islands , Rose Atoll , and Swains Island also included in the territory . All islands except for Swains Island are part of the Samoan Islands , located west of the Cook Islands , north of Tonga , and some 300 miles ( 500 km ) south of Tokelau . To the west are the islands of the Wallis and Futuna group . As of April 2019 the population of American Samoa is approximately 55,689 people . Most American Samoans are bilingual and can speak English and Samoan fluently . [ citation needed ] The total land area is 199 square kilometers ( 76.8 sq mi ) , slightly more than Washington , D.C. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the United States and one of two U.S. territories south of the Equator , along with the uninhabited Jarvis Island . Tuna products are the main exports , and the main trading partner is the United States . American Samoa has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983 . During the 1918 flu pandemic , Governor John Martin Poyer quarantined the territory , and because of his actions , American Samoa was one of the few places in the world where no flu-related deaths occurred .'}]}, {'value': 'Lata Mountain on Taū', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lata_Mountain', 'summary': "Lata Mountain is the highest point of American Samoa , on the island of Ta ' u , and is located in the Manu ' a Islands ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tau,_American_Samoa', 'summary': "Taū is the largest island in the Manua Group and the easternmost volcanic island of the Samoan Islands . Taū is part of American Samoa . In the early 19th century , the island was sometimes called Opoun . Taū is well known as the site where the American anthropologist Margaret Mead conducted her dissertation research in Samoa in the 1920s , where she published her findings in Coming of Age in Samoa . Tau is also home to the highest mountain in American Samoa , Mount Lata . It is home to 21 square kilometers ( 8.3 sq mi ) of National Park lands and 3.9 km2 ( 1.5 sq mi ) of waters separated by some of the tallest sea cliffs in the world . On the western coast of Taū are the conterminous villages of Lumā and Siufaga , commonly jointly called Taū village . The village of Taū has been named the capital of the Manu ' a Islands . Fitiuta is another Taū village , located on the northeast side of the island ."}]}, {'value': '966 m 3,169 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Pacific Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Pacific_Ocean', 'summary': "The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth 's oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean ( or , depending on definition , to Antarctica ) in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east . At 165,250,000 square kilometers ( 63,800,000 square miles ) in area ( as defined with an Antarctic southern border ) , this largest division of the World Ocean - and , in turn , the hydrosphere - covers about 46% of Earth 's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area , making it larger than all of Earth 's land area combined . The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean . The equator subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Pacific Ocean and South ( ern ) Pacific Ocean , with two exceptions : the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands , while straddling the equator , are deemed wholly within the South Pacific . Its mean depth is 4,000 meters ( 13,000 feet ) . Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench , located in the western north Pacific , is the deepest point in the world , reaching a depth of 10,928 meters ( 35,853 feet ) . The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere , the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench , at 10,823 meters ( 35,509 feet ) . The third deepest point on Earth , the Sirena Deep , is also located in the Mariana Trench . The western Pacific has many major marginal seas , including the South China Sea , the East China Sea , the Sea of Japan , the Sea of Okhotsk , the Philippine Sea , the Coral Sea , and the Tasman Sea ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '966 m 3,169 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andorra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andorra', 'summary': "Andorra ( /ænˈdɔːrə/ ( listen ) , also UK : /ænˈdɒrə/ ; Catalan : [ ənˈdorə ] ) , officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat d'Andorra ) , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra ( Catalan : Principat de les Valls d'Andorra ) , is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula , in the eastern Pyrenees , bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south . Believed to have been created by Charlemagne , Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988 , when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell . The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278 . It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two princes : the Catholic bishop of Urgell in Catalonia , Spain , and the president of the French Republic . Andorra is the sixth-smallest nation in Europe , having an area of 468 square kilometres ( 181 sq mi ) and a population of approximately 77,006 . The Andorran people are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent . Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and the 11th-smallest by population . Its capital , Andorra la Vella , is the highest capital city in Europe , at an elevation of 1,023 metres ( 3,356 feet ) above sea level . The official language is Catalan , but Spanish , Portuguese , and French are also commonly spoken . Tourism in Andorra sees an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually . Andorra is not a member of the European Union , but the euro is its official currency . It has been a member of the United Nations since 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Coma Pedrosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coma_Pedrosa', 'summary': 'Coma Pedrosa ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈkomə pəˈðɾozə ] ; 2,943 m or 9,656 ft ) is the highest mountain in the principality of Andorra . It is popular with mountain climbers , its ascent being technically straightforward , although strenuous . From Arinsal to Camp de Refuge ( 650m climb ) is being considered moderate meanwhile the last 862m is considered to be difficult . Several mountain lakes and tarns are found on the slopes , notably Estanys de Baiau , which lies on the western slopes , across the Spanish border . The nearest town is Arinsal , La Massana . Historically , the mountain provided ample security from invasions into Andorra . In present day , the mountain is part of the Parc Natural Comunal de les Valls del Comapedrosa national park .'}]}, {'value': '2942 m 9,652 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gran Valira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gran_Valira', 'summary': "The Gran Valira ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈɡram bəˈliɾə ] , Spanish : Río Valira ) is the largest river in Andorra . It flows through the capital , Andorra la Vella , and exits the country in the south near the Spain-Andorra road border crossing . The Gran Valira is a tributary to the Segre , which in turn is a tributary to the Ebro . It flows into the Segre in La Seu d'Urgell . Its main tributaries are the Valira d'Orient , the Valira del Nord and the Madriu . The Valira river system is 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) long . The map service of the Andorran government calls it the Gran Valira . In certain sources , especially those with a Spanish influence such as maps published in Spain , it is sometimes referred to as the Valira because in the territory of Spain there is only one Valira river . In Andorra , however , there are several different Valiras and hence there is a need to distinguish between them ."}]}, {'value': '840 m 2,756 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2102 m 6,896 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angola', 'summary': "Angola ( /ænˈɡoʊlə/ ( listen ) ; Portuguese : [ ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ ] ) , officially the Republic of Angola ( Portuguese : República de Angola ) , is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa . It is the seventh-largest country in Africa , bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . Angola has an exclave province , the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era , hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups , tribes and kingdoms . The nation state of Angola originated from Portuguese colonisation , which initially began with coastal settlements and trading posts founded in the 16th century . In the 19th century , European settlers gradually began to establish themselves in the interior . The Portuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato , the Kwanyama and the Mbunda . After a protracted anti-colonial struggle , independence was achieved in 1975 as the Marxist-Leninist People 's Republic of Angola , a one-party state supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba . The civil war between the ruling People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) and the insurgent anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) , supported by the United States and apartheid South Africa , lasted until 2002 . The sovereign state has since become a relatively stable unitary , presidential constitutional republic . Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves , and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world , especially since the end of the civil war ; however , the standard of living remains low for most of the population , and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world , while infant mortality is among the highest ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Moco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Moco', 'summary': "Mount Moco ( Portuguese : Morro do Moco ) , at 2,620 metres ( 8,600 ft ) , is the highest mountain in Angola . It is located in Huambo Province in the western part of the country , 70 kilometres ( 43 mi ) west of the city of Huambo . Mount Moco was named one of Angola 's seven wonders in 2014 . The mountain is a destination for birdwatchers , hikers , and people participating in rappelling and paragliding ."}]}, {'value': '2620 m 8,596 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Atlantic Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean', 'summary': "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world 's oceans , with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers ( 41,100,000 square miles ) . It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the Old World from the New World . The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated , S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east , and the Americas to the west . As one component of the interconnected World Ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest , the Indian Ocean in the southeast , and the Southern Ocean in the south ( other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ) . The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean and the South ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N . Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition , the German Meteor expedition , Columbia University 's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2620 m 8,596 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anguilla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anguilla', 'summary': "Anguilla ( /ænˈɡwɪlə/ ann-GWIL-ə ) is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean . It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles , lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin . The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla , approximately 16 miles ( 26 km ) long by 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) wide at its widest point , together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population . The territory 's capital is The Valley . The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles ( 91 km2 ) , with a population of approximately 17,400 ( July 2018 est . ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Crocus Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crocus_Hill', 'summary': "Crocus Hill is the highest point of Anguilla , a British overseas territory in the Caribbean , with an elevation of 73 metres ( 240 ft ) . The hill is located near The Valley , Anguilla 's capital . Crocus Bay ( west of the hill ) was named after Crocus Hill ."}]}, {'value': '65 m 213 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caribbean Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caribbean_Sea', 'summary': "The Caribbean Sea ( Spanish : Mar Caribe ; Haitian Creole : lamè Karayib ; French : Mer des Caraïbes ; Jamaican Patois : Kiaribiyan Sii ; Papiamento : Laman Karibe ; Dutch : Caraïbische Zee ) is an American Mediterranean Sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America . The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,217 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65 m 213 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antarctica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antarctica', 'summary': "Antarctica ( /ænˈtɑːrtɪkə/ or /æntˈɑːrktɪkə/ ( listen ) ) [ note 1 ] is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14,200,000 square kilometres ( 5,500,000 square miles ) , it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia . At 0.00008 people per square kilometre , it is by far the least densely populated continent . About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km ( 1.2 mi ; 6,200 ft ) in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Most of Antarctica is a polar desert , with annual precipitation of 200 mm ( 7.9 in ) along the coast and far less inland ; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years , yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there . The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C ( −128.6 °F ) ( or even −94.7 °C ( −135.8 °F ) as measured from space ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is −63 °C ( −81 °F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered , unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Vinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Vinson', 'summary': "Vinson Massif ( /ˈvɪnsən mæˈsiːf/ ) is a large mountain massif in Antarctica that is 21 km ( 13 mi ) long and 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) wide and lies within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains . It overlooks the Ronne Ice Shelf near the base of the Antarctic Peninsula . The massif is located about 1,200 kilometres ( 750 mi ) from the South Pole . Vinson Massif was discovered in January 1958 by U.S. Navy aircraft . In 1961 , the Vinson Massif was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ( US-ACAN ) , after Carl G. Vinson , United States congressman from the state of Georgia , for his support for Antarctic exploration . On November 1 , 2006 , US-ACAN declared Mount Vinson and Vinson Massif to be separate entities . Mount Vinson is the highest peak in Antarctica , at 4,892 metres ( 16,050 ft ) . It lies in the north part of Vinson Massif 's summit plateau in the south portion of the main ridge of the Sentinel Range about 2 kilometres ( 1.2 mi ) north of Hollister Peak . It was first climbed in 1966 by an American team led by Nicholas Clinch . An expedition in 2001 was the first to climb via the Eastern route , and also took GPS measurements of the height of the peak . As of February 2010 , 1,400 climbers have attempted to reach the top of Mount Vinson ."}]}, {'value': '4892 m 16,050 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deep Lake , Vestfold Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vestfold_Hills', 'summary': 'The Vestfold Hills are rounded , rocky , coastal hills , 411 square kilometres ( 159 sq mi ) in extent , on the north side of Sorsdal Glacier on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land , Antarctica . The hills are subdivided by three west-trending peninsulas bounded by narrow fjords . Most of the hills range between 30 and 90 metres ( 98 and 300 ft ) in height , with the highest summit reaching nearly 160 metres ( 520 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': '−50 m −164 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4942 m 16,214 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antigua and Barbuda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda', 'summary': "Antigua and Barbuda ( /ænˈtiːɡ ( w ) ə . bɑːrˈb ( j ) uːdə/ ( listen ) ; an-TEE-g ( w ) ə . bar-B ( Y ) OO-də ) is an island sovereign state in the West Indies in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands ( including Great Bird , Green , Guiana , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda ) . The permanent population numbers about 95,900 ( 2018 est . ) , with 97% being resident on Antigua . The capital and largest port and city is St. John 's on Antigua , with Codrington being the largest town on Barbuda . Lying near each other ( the main Barbuda airport is less than 0.5° of latitude , or 56 kilometres ( 30 nautical miles ) , north of the main Antigua airport ) , Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 17°N of the equator . The island of Antigua was explored by Christopher Columbus in 1493 and named for the Church of Santa María La Antigua . Antigua was colonised by Britain in 1632 ; Barbuda island was first colonised in 1678 . Antigua and Barbuda joined the West Indies Federation in 1958 . With the breakup of the federation , it became one of the West Indies Associated States in 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Boggy Peak on Antigua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boggy_Peak', 'summary': 'Boggy Peak is the highest point of the Shekerley Mountains on the island of Antigua . It lies in the southwest region of the island at 17°2′31″N 61°51′4″W / 17.04194°N 61.85111°W / 17.04194 ; -61.85111 , and rises to a height of 402 metres ( 1,319 ft ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Antigua', 'summary': "Antigua ( /ænˈtiːɡ ( w ) ə/ ann-TEE-g ( w ) ə ) , also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population , is an island in the West Indies . It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda . Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981 . Antigua means ancient in Spanish after an icon in Seville Cathedral , Santa Maria de la Antigua - St. Mary of the Old Cathedral . The name Waladli comes from the indigenous inhabitants and means approximately our own . [ citation needed ] The island 's circumference is roughly 87 km ( 54 mi ) and its area 281 km2 ( 108 sq mi ) . Its population was 80,161 ( at the 2011 Census ) . The economy is mainly reliant on tourism , with the agricultural sector serving the domestic market . Over 32,000 people live in the capital city , St. John 's . The capital is situated in the north-west and has a deep harbour which is able to accommodate large cruise ships . Other leading population settlements are All Saints ( 3,412 ) and Liberta ( 2,239 ) , according to the 2001 census . English Harbour on the south-eastern coast provides protected shelter during violent storms ."}]}, {'value': '402 m 1,319 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caribbean Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caribbean_Sea', 'summary': "The Caribbean Sea ( Spanish : Mar Caribe ; Haitian Creole : lamè Karayib ; French : Mer des Caraïbes ; Jamaican Patois : Kiaribiyan Sii ; Papiamento : Laman Karibe ; Dutch : Caraïbische Zee ) is an American Mediterranean Sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America . The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,217 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '402 m 1,319 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina', 'summary': "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Aconcagua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aconcagua', 'summary': "Aconcagua ( Spanish pronunciation : [ akoŋˈkaɣwa ] ) is a mountain in the Principal Cordillera of the Andes mountain range , in Mendoza Province , Argentina . It is the highest mountain outside of Asia ( although there are 189 mountains higher than it in Asia alone ) , being the highest in both the Southern and Western Hemispheres with a summit elevation of 6,960.8 metres ( 22,837 ft ) . It lies 112 km ( 70 mi ) northwest of the provincial capital , the city of Mendoza , about five km ( 3.1 mi ) from San Juan Province , and 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from Argentina 's border with neighbouring Chile . The mountain is one of the so-called Seven Summits of the seven continents . Aconcagua is bounded by the Valle de las Vacas to the north and east and the Valle de los Horcones Inferior to the west and south . The mountain and its surroundings are part of the Aconcagua Provincial Park . The mountain has a number of glaciers . The largest glacier is the Ventisquero Horcones Inferior at about 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) long , which descends from the south face to about 3,600 m ( 11,800 ft ) in altitude near the Confluencia camp . Two other large glacier systems are the Ventisquero de las Vacas Sur and Glaciar Este/Ventisquero Relinchos system at about five kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) long . The most well known is the north-eastern or Polish Glacier , as it is a common route of ascent ."}]}, {'value': '6960 m 22,835 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laguna del Carbón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laguna_del_Carbón', 'summary': 'Laguna del Carbón ( Spanish for coal lagoon ) is a salt lake in Corpen Aike Department , Santa Cruz Province , Argentina . This salt lake is located 54 kilometres ( 34 miles ) from Puerto San Julián , within the Gran Bajo de San Julián ( Great San Julián Depression ) , an endorheic basin situated between the San Julian Bay and the Chico River . At 105 metres ( 344 ft ) below sea level , Laguna del Carbón is the lowest point of Argentina and both the Western and Southern Hemispheres , and the seventh-lowest point on Earth . As in several other locations in Patagonia , dinosaur fossils have been found in the area .'}]}, {'value': '−105 m −344 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7065 m 23,179 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armenia', 'summary': 'The original native Armenian name for the country was Հայք ( Hayk ) ; however , it is currently rarely used . The contemporary name Հայաստան ( Hayastan ) became popular in the Middle Ages by addition of the Persian suffix -stan ( place ) . [ citation needed ] . However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos , Faustus of Byzantium , Ghazar Parpetsi , Koryun , and Sebeos . The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk ( Հայկ ) , the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah , who , according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene ( Movsis Khorenatsi ) , defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region . The further origin of the name is uncertain . It is also further postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated , Hittite vassal states - the Ḫayaša-Azzi ( 1600-1200 BC ) . The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription ( 515 BC ) as Armina ( ) . The Ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία ( Armenía ) and Ἀρμένιοι ( Arménioi , Armenians ) are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus ( c. 550 BC - c. 476 BC ) . Xenophon , a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions , describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC . Some scholars have linked the name Armenia with the Early Bronze Age state of Armani ( Armanum , Armi ) or the Late Bronze Age state of Arme ( Shupria ) . These connections are inconclusive as it is not known what languages were spoken in these kingdoms .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Aragats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Aragats', 'summary': "Mount Aragats ( Armenian : Արագած , pronounced [ ɑɾɑˈgɑts ] ; formerly Ալագյազ , Alagyaz via Turkish : Alagöz ) is an isolated four-peaked volcano massif in Armenia . Its northern summit , at 4,090 m ( 13,420 ft ) above sea level , is the highest point of the Lesser Caucasus and Armenia . It is also one of the highest points in the Armenian Highlands . [ a ] The Aragats massif is surrounded by Kasagh River on the east , Akhurian River on the west , Ararat plain on the south and Shirak plain on the north . The circumference of the massif is around 200 km ( 120 mi ) , and covers an area of 6,000 km2 ( 2,300 sq mi ) or around \u200b1⁄5 of Armenia 's total area . [ b ] 944 km2 ( 364 sq mi ) of the massif is located above 2,000 m ( 6,600 ft ) ."}]}, {'value': '4090 m 13,419 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Debed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debed', 'summary': 'The Debed ( Armenian : Դեբեդ ) or Debeda ( Georgian : დებედა ) or Tona ( Azerbaijani : Tona ) is a river in Armenia and Georgia . It also serves as a natural boundary between Armenia and Georgia at the village Sadakhlo , Georgia . The river originates in Armenia and is fed by the Dzoraget and Pambak rivers . It ends in Georgia where it feeds into the Khrami , a tributary of Kura River .'}]}, {'value': '400 m 1,312 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3690 m 12,106 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aruba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aruba', 'summary': 'Aruba ( /əˈruːbə/ ə-ROO-bə , Dutch : [ aːˈrubaː , -ryb- ] ( listen ) , Papiamento : [ aˈruba ] ) is an island and a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 kilometres ( 18 mi ) north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 kilometres ( 20 mi ) long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao , and Sint Maarten ; the citizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 ( 69.1 sq mi ) and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . Current estimates of the population place it at 116,600 ( July 2018 est . ) It lies outside Hurricane Alley .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Jamanota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Jamanota', 'summary': "Mount Jamanota is at 188 meters ( 617 ft ) the highest point on the island of Aruba and is visible from the entire island . It is located within the Arikok National Park . Wild goats , Aruba Rattlesnake and donkeys roam free on the mountain . The panorama from its summit includes Frenchman 's Pass on the south coast , where Indians defended their island against the French . The area is known for its wild parakeets . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '188 m 617 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caribbean Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caribbean_Sea', 'summary': "The Caribbean Sea ( Spanish : Mar Caribe ; Haitian Creole : lamè Karayib ; French : Mer des Caraïbes ; Jamaican Patois : Kiaribiyan Sii ; Papiamento : Laman Karibe ; Dutch : Caraïbische Zee ) is an American Mediterranean Sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America . The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,217 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '188 m 617 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashmore and Cartier Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands', 'summary': 'The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an uninhabited external territory of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs , and the 12-nautical-mile ( 22 km ; 14 mi ) territorial sea generated by the islands . The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf , about 320 km ( 199 mi ) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km ( 89 mi ) south of the Indonesian island of Rote . Ashmore Reef is called Pulau Pasir by Indonesians and Nusa Solokaek in the Rotenese language . Both names have the meaning sand island .'}]}, {'value': 'Unnamed location', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 m 10 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Ocean', 'summary': "The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world 's oceanic divisions , covering 70,560,000 km2 ( 27,240,000 sq mi ) or 19.8% of the water on the Earth 's surface . It is bounded by Asia to the north , Africa to the west , and Australia to the east . To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica , depending on the definition in use ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 m 10 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Kosciuszko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Kosciuszko', 'summary': "Mount Kosciuszko ( /ˌkɒsiˈʌskoʊ/ KOSS-ee-US-koh , previously spelled Mount Kosciusko ) is mainland Australia 's highest mountain , at 2,228 metres ( 7,310 ft ) above sea level . It is located on the Main Range of the Snowy Mountains in Kosciuszko National Park , part of the Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves , in New South Wales , Australia , and is located west of Crackenback and close to Jindabyne ."}]}, {'value': '2228 m 7,310 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Eyre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Eyre', 'summary': "Lake Eyre ( /ɛər/ AIR ) , officially known as Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre , contains the lowest natural point in Australia , at approximately 15 m ( 49 ft ) below sea level ( AHD ) , and , on the rare occasions that it fills , is the largest lake in Australia , covering 9,500 km2 ( 3,668 sq mi ) . The shallow endorheic lake is the depocentre of the vast Lake Eyre basin and is found in Northern South Australia , some 700 km ( 435 mi ) north of Adelaide . When the lake is full , it has the same salinity level as the sea , but as the lake dries up and the water evaporates , salinity increases . The lake was named by Europeans in honour of Edward John Eyre , who was the first European to see it , in 1840 . The lake 's official name was changed in December 2012 to combine the name Lake Eyre with the indigenous name , Kati Thanda . The native title over the lake and surrounding region is held by the Arabana people ."}]}, {'value': '−15 m −49 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2243 m 7,359 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': 'Grossglockner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grossglockner', 'summary': "The Grossglockner ( German pronunciation : [ ˈɡʀoːsˌɡlɔknɐ ] ( listen ) ; German : Großglockner or just Glockner ) is , at 3,798 metres above the Adriatic ( 12,461 ft ) , the highest mountain in Austria and the highest mountain in the Alps east of the Brenner Pass . It is part of the larger Glockner Group of the Hohe Tauern range , situated along the main ridge of the Central Eastern Alps and the Alpine divide . The Pasterze , Austria 's most extended glacier , lies on the Grossglockner 's eastern slope . The characteristic pyramid-shaped peak actually consists of two pinnacles , the Grossglockner and the Kleinglockner ( 3,770 m ( 12,370 ft ) , from German : groß , big , klein , small ) , separated by the Glocknerscharte col ."}]}, {'value': '3798 m 12,461 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Neusiedl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Neusiedl', 'summary': "Lake Neusiedl ( German : Neusiedler See ) or Fertő ( Hungarian : Fertő tó ; Croatian : Nežidersko jezero , Niuzaljsko jezero ; Slovene : Nežidersko jezero ; Slovak : Neziderské jazero ; Czech : Neziderské jezero ) is the largest endorheic lake in Central Europe , straddling the Austrian-Hungarian border . The lake covers 315 km2 ( 122 sq mi ) , of which 240 km2 ( 93 sq mi ) is on the Austrian side and 75 km2 ( 29 sq mi ) on the Hungarian side [ citation needed ] . The lake 's drainage basin has an area of about 1,120 km2 ( 430 sq mi ) . From north to south , the lake is about 36 km ( 22 mi ) long , and it is between 6 km ( 3 1⁄2 mi ) and 12 km ( 7 1⁄2 mi ) wide from east to west . On average , the lake 's surface is 115.45 m ( 378.8 ft ) above the Adriatic Sea and the lake is no more than 1.8 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) deep ."}]}, {'value': '115 m 377 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3683 m 12,083 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azerbaijan', 'summary': 'Azerbaijan ( UK : /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , -ˈʒɑːn/ ( listen ) , US : /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , ˌæz-/ ; Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ] ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan Respublikası [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ ] ) , is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Central Asia . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , and has an 11 km ( 6.8 mi ) long border with Turkey in the northwest . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state . In 1920 the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations , including the United Nations ( since 1992 ) , the Council of Europe , the Non-Aligned Movement , the OSCE , and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Bazardüzü', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Bazardüzü', 'summary': 'Mount Bazardüzü ( Azerbaijani : Bazardüzü dağı , Azerbaijani pronunciation : [ bɑzɑrdyˈzy ] ; Lezgian : Кичӏен сув [ kiˈtʃʼe suv ] ; Russian : Базардюзю , Russian pronunciation : [ bəzərdʲʉˈzʲu ] ) is a mountain peak in the Greater Caucasus range on the border between Daghestan and Azerbaijan . At 4,467 metres ( 14,656 ft ) above sea level , it is the highest peak in Azerbaijan and is located in Qusar region . The southernmost point of Daghestan is located about seven kilometers southwest of the peak .'}]}, {'value': '4485 m 14,715 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caspian Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caspian_Sea', 'summary': "The Caspian Sea is the world 's largest inland body of water , variously classed as the world 's largest lake or a full-fledged sea . It is an endorheic basin ( a basin without outflows ) located between Europe and Asia , to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the broad steppe of Central Asia . The sea has a surface area of 371,000 km2 ( 143,200 sq mi ) ( excluding the detached lagoon of Garabogazköl ) and a volume of 78,200 km3 ( 18,800 cu mi ) . It has a salinity of approximately 1.2% ( 12 g/l ) , about a third of the salinity of most seawater . It is bounded by Kazakhstan to the northeast , Russia to the northwest , Azerbaijan to the west , Iran to the south , and Turkmenistan to the southeast . The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and may be best known for its caviar and oil industries . Pollution from the oil industry and dams on rivers draining into the Caspian Sea have had negative effects on the organisms living in the sea . The wide and endorheic Caspian Sea has a north-south orientation and its main freshwater inflow , the Volga River , enters at the shallow north end . Two deep basins occupy its central and southern areas . These lead to horizontal differences in temperature , salinity , and ecology . The Caspian Sea spreads out over nearly 1,200 kilometres ( 750 mi ) from north to south , with an average width of 320 km ( 200 mi ) . It covers a region of around 386,400 km2 ( 149,200 sq mi ) and its surface is about 27 m ( 89 ft ) below sea level ."}]}, {'value': '−28 m −92 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4513 m 14,806 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bahamas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bahamas', 'summary': "The Bahamas ( /bəˈhɑːməz/ ( listen ) ) , known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas , is a country within the Lucayan Archipelago in the West Indies . It is a member of the Commonwealth Realms under the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II . The archipelagic state consists of more than 700 islands , cays , and islets in the Atlantic Ocean , and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola Island ( Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands , southeast of the U.S. state of Florida , and east of the Florida Keys . The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence . The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas ' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 ( 180,000 sq mi ) of ocean space . The Bahamas were inhabited by the Lucayans , a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taíno people , for many centuries . Columbus was the first European to see the islands , making his first landfall in the 'New World ' in 1492 . Later , the Spanish shipped the native Lucayans to slavery on Hispaniola , after which the Bahama islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648 , when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera . The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718 , when the British clamped down on piracy . After the American Revolutionary War , the Crown resettled thousands of American Loyalists to the Bahamas ; they took their slaves with them and established plantations on land grants . African slaves and their descendants constituted the majority of the population from this period on . The slave trade was abolished by the British in 1807 ; slavery in the Bahamas was abolished in 1834 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mount Alvernia on Cat Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Alvernia', 'summary': 'Mount Alvernia ( formerly Como Hill ) is located on Cat Island in the Bahamas and is the highest point in the country at 63 metres ( 207 ft ) above sea level . The mountain shares its name with a school in Montego Bay , Jamaica . Originally named Como Hill , it was renamed Mount Alvernia after La Verna , the hill in Tuscany where St. Francis of Assisi received the Wounds of the Cross . The mountain was given its name by a Catholic priest , Monsignor John Hawes , also known as Fra Jerome , who built a hermitage there . Hawes was an Englishman who spent the last 17 years of his life in the Bahamas . He was a qualified architect before entering the church , and did a great deal of architectural work for the church throughout the Bahamas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cat_Island,_Bahamas', 'summary': "Cat Island is in the central Bahamas , and is one of its districts . Cat Island also has the nation 's highest point , Mount Alvernia ( also known as Como Hill ) . It rises to 206 feet ( 63 m ) and is topped by a monastery called The Hermitage . This assembly of buildings was erected by the Franciscan Brother Jerome ( John Hawes ) ."}]}, {'value': '63 m 207 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Atlantic Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean', 'summary': "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world 's oceans , with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers ( 41,100,000 square miles ) . It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the Old World from the New World . The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated , S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east , and the Americas to the west . As one component of the interconnected World Ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest , the Indian Ocean in the southeast , and the Southern Ocean in the south ( other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ) . The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean and the South ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N . Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition , the German Meteor expedition , Columbia University 's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63 m 207 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bahrain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahrain', 'summary': "Bahrain ( /bɑːˈreɪn/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : البحرين al-Baḥrayn Arabic pronunciation : [ al baħrajn ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain ( Arabic : مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn ) , is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf . The island nation comprises a small archipelago centered around Bahrain Island , situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia , to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre ( 16 mi ) King Fahd Causeway . According to the most recent 2010 census , Bahrain 's population is over 1.2 million , of which around half are non-nationals . At 780 square kilometres ( 300 sq mi ) in size , it is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore . The capital and largest city is Manama . Bahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilization . It has been famed since antiquity for its pearl fisheries , which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century . Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam , in 628 AD . Following a period of Arab rule , Bahrain was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521 , who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire . In 1783 , the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family , with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain 's first hakim . In the late 1800s , following successive treaties with the British , Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom . In 1971 , it declared independence ."}]}, {'value': 'Mountain of Smoke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_of_Smoke', 'summary': "The Mountain of Smoke ( Arabic : جبل الدخان , Jabal ad Dukhan ) is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain . At 122 m ( 400 ft ) above mean sea level , it is the country 's highest point . The Mountain of Smoke is named as such because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days . A number of caves of indeterminate type are in the vicinity of the mountain . Flint dating to the Stone Age have been found on and around the hill ."}]}, {'value': '122 m 400 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Persian Gulf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persian_Gulf', 'summary': "The Persian Gulf ( Persian : خلیج فارس , romanized : Xalij-e Fârs , lit . 'Gulf of Fars ' ) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia . The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean ( Gulf of Oman ) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest . The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline . The body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf . Some Arab governments refer to it as the Arabian Gulf ( Arabic : اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ , romanized : Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī ) or The Gulf , but neither term is recognized globally . The name Gulf of Iran ( Persian Gulf ) is used by the International Hydrographic Organization . The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War , in which each side attacked the other 's oil tankers . It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War , the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq 's invasion of Kuwait . The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds , extensive reefs ( mostly rocky , but also coral ) , and abundant pearl oysters , but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills . The Persian Gulf is in the Persian Gulf Basin , which is of Cenozoic origin and related to the subduction of the Arabian Plate under the Zagros Mountains . The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '122 m 400 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangladesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangladesh', 'summary': "Bangladesh ( Bengali : বাংলাদেশ ) pronounced /ˌbɑːŋlɑːˈdɛʃ/ ( bung-lah-desh ) or [ ˈbaŋladeʃ ] ( listen ) ; literally meaning The country of Bengal ; and officially called the People 's Republic of Bangladesh ( গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's 8th-most populous country with nearly 163 million people , and is the 92nd-largest country in land area , spanning 147,570 square kilometres ( 56,980 sq mi ) , making it one of the most densely-populated countries in the world . Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west , north , and east , Myanmar to the southeast , and the Bay of Bengal to the south . It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by India 's Siliguri Corridor in the north and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the northeast . Dhaka , the capital and largest city , is the nation 's economic , political and cultural hub . Chittagong , the largest sea port , is the second largest city . The dominant geographic feature is the Ganges delta , which empties into the Bay of Bengal the combined waters of several river systems , including the Brahmaputra and the Ganges , with numerous criss-crossing rivers and inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests cover the northeastern and southeastern regions . The seacoast features the longest natural sea beach and most of the world 's largest mangrove forest . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plants and wildlife , including the endangered Bengal tiger , the national animal . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . According to the ancient Indian epics , Ramayana and Mahabharata , the Vanga Kingdom , one of the namesakes of the Bengal region , was a strong naval ally of the legendary Ayodhya ."}]}, {'value': 'Saka Haphong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saka_Haphong', 'summary': 'Saka Haphong ( also Mowdok Taung or Tlang Moy ) is a peak in Bangladesh , often considered the highest point of the country , with an elevation of 1,052 metres ( 3,451 ft ) . Located on the Bangladesh-Burma border , it is situated between Thanchi , Bandarban , Bangladesh and the Chin State of Burma . Saka Haphong is not officially the highest peak of Bangladesh , but maps and other data indicate there are no higher peaks within the country . In February 2006 a GPS reading of 1,064 metres was recorded on this summit by English adventurer Ginge Fullen . [ failed verification ] The location he recorded , 21°47′11″N 92°36′36″E / 21.78639°N 92.61°E , accurately matches the location given by Russian topographic mapping [ failed verification ] and SRTM data , although these sources show its height to be slightly lower , at 1,052 metres . Recently two trekking clubs counted the height of Saka Haphong as 3,488 and 3,461 feet respectively . Any of these figures would make it the highest mountain in Bangladesh , exceeding the height of Keokradong which is 3,172 feet high .'}]}, {'value': '1052 m 3,451 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bay of Bengal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal', 'summary': 'The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean , bounded on the west and northwest by India , on the north by Bangladesh , and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman Islands of India and Myanmar and the Nicobar Islands of India . Its southern limit is a line between Sri Lanka and the north westernmost point of Sumatra ( Indonesia ) . It is the largest water region called a bay in the world . There are countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal in South Asia and Southeast Asia . The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of 2,172,000 square kilometres ( 839,000 sq mi ) . A number of large rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal : the Ganges-Hooghly , the Padma , the Brahmaputra-Jamuna , the Barak-Surma-Meghna , the Irrawaddy , the Godavari , the Mahanadi , the Brahmani , the Baitarani , the Krishna and the Kaveri . Among the important ports are Chennai-Ennore , Chittagong , Colombo , Kolkata-Haldia , Mongla , Paradip , Port Blair , Tuticorin , Visakhapatnam and Dhamra . Among the smaller ports are Gopalpur Port , Kakinada and Payra .'}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1052 m 3,451 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barbados', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbados', 'summary': 'Barbados ( /bɑːrˈbeɪdɒs/ ( listen ) or /-doʊs/ ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies , in the Caribbean region of North America . It is 34 kilometres ( 21 miles ) in length and up to 23 km ( 14 mi ) in width , covering an area of 432 km2 ( 167 sq mi ) . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km ( 62 mi ) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , Barbados is east of the Windwards , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 13°N of the equator . It is about 168 km ( 104 mi ) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km ( 110 mi ) south-east of Martinique and 400 km ( 250 mi ) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago . Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown . Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century , and prior to that by other Amerindians , Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown . It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511 . The Portuguese Empire claimed the island between 1532 and 1536 , but later abandoned it in 1620 ; with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited , and to replenish their water supply . An English ship , the Olive Blossom , arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625 ; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I . In 1627 , the first permanent settlers arrived from England , and it became an English and later British colony . As a wealthy sugar colony , it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807 , with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Hillaby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Hillaby', 'summary': 'The peak of Mount Hillaby is the highest point on the Eastern Caribbean island of Barbados . The peak is located in the parish of Saint Andrew . It immediately overlooks the area known as the Scotland District to the north and east which comprises geologically old sediments prone to erosion .'}]}, {'value': '336 m 1,102 ft', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Atlantic Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean', 'summary': "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world 's oceans , with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers ( 41,100,000 square miles ) . It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the Old World from the New World . The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated , S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east , and the Americas to the west . As one component of the interconnected World Ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest , the Indian Ocean in the southeast , and the Southern Ocean in the south ( other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ) . The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean and the South ( ern ) Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N . Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition , the German Meteor expedition , Columbia University 's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office ."}]}, {'value': 'sea level', 'urls': []}, {'value': '336 m 1,102 ft', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Table', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_countries_by_highest_point_0', 'intro': "The following sortable table lists land surface elevation extremes by country or dependent territory. Topographic elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface."}
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How many miles from Huambo is the 2620 m peak in Angola ?
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43
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_MLS_SuperDraft', 'title': '2003 MLS SuperDraft', 'header': ['Pick #', 'MLS team', 'Player', 'Position', 'Affiliation'], 'data': [{'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D.C. United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D.C._United', 'summary': "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington , D.C . The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the top level of professional American soccer . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS , winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena . United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters ' Shields , has four MLS Cups , and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times . It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters ' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively . On the international stage , D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup , making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament . Subsequently , United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil . This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club . The team 's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium , owned by the District of Columbia . The team moved into the new Audi Field , a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hayden Woodworth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Messiah College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messiah_College', 'summary': 'Messiah College is a private Christian college in Mechanicsburg , Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MetroStars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MetroStars', 'summary': "The New York Red Bulls are an American professional soccer club based in Harrison , New Jersey . The Red Bulls compete as a member of the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established in October 1994 and began play in the league 's inaugural season in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey MetroStars . In 2006 , the team was sold to Red Bull GmbH and re-branded as part of the company 's global network of football clubs , leading to the team 's current name . The Red Bulls have played their home matches at Red Bull Arena since 2010 , having previously played at Giants Stadium . The club is one of two teams in MLS based in the New York metropolitan region along with New York City FC , which entered the league in 2015 . The two sides compete against each other in the Hudson River Derby . The team 's current head coach is former United States international midfielder Chris Armas . The Red Bulls have reached the MLS Cup final once in 2008 where they were defeated by the Columbus Crew . The club has won three regular season Supporters ' Shield titles in 2013 , 2015 and 2018 , and has also twice reached the final of the U.S. Open Cup in 2003 and 2017 , losing on both occasions ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenny Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Arena', 'summary': 'Kenneth Scott Kenny Arena ( born February 6 , 1981 ) is an American former soccer defender who is currently an assistant coach for Los Angeles FC . Arena is the son of current New England Revolution and former United States coach Bruce Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Virginia', 'summary': "The University of Virginia ( U.Va . or UVA ) is a public research university in Charlottesville , Virginia . It was founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson . It is the flagship university of Virginia and home to Jefferson 's Academical Village , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . UVA is known for its historic foundations , student-run honor code and secret societies . The original governing Board of Visitors included Jefferson , James Madison , and James Monroe . Monroe was the sitting President of the United States at the time of its foundation and earlier Presidents Jefferson and Madison were UVA 's first two rectors . Jefferson conceived and designed the original courses of study and original architecture . UVA was the first university of the American South elected to the research-driven Association of American Universities in 1904 . More than a century later , the journal Science credited UVA faculty with two of the top ten global scientific breakthroughs of 2015 . The University of Virginia offers 121 majors across the eight undergraduate and three professional schools . Its alumni have founded many companies , such as Reddit and CNET , which together produce more than $ 1.6 trillion in annual revenue and have created 2.3 million jobs ."}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Wizards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Wizards', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Taylor Graham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Graham', 'summary': 'Taylor Graham ( born June 3 , 1980 ) is a former American soccer player .'}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Burn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Burn', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Tranchilla', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creighton University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_University', 'summary': "Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district ."}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Soccer_Club', 'summary': "Chicago Fire Football Club is an American professional soccer franchise based in Chicago , Illinois . The team competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference , having moved to the conference in 2002 . The franchise is named after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , and was founded as the Chicago Fire Soccer Club on October 8 , 1997 , the event 's 126th anniversary . The team began play in 1998 as one of the league 's first expansion teams . The Fire won the MLS Cup as well as the U.S. Open Cup ( the double ) in their first season in 1998 . They also won U.S. Open Cups in 2000 , 2003 , and 2006 , in addition to the 2003 MLS Supporters ' Shield . In 2015 , the club won the first ever MLS Wooden Spoon , and repeated the feat in 2016 . The Fire maintains an extensive development system , consisting of the Chicago Fire Development Academy and the Chicago Fire Juniors youth organization . They also operate the Chicago Fire Foundation , the team 's community-based charitable division . The Fire 's home stadium is Soldier Field ."}]}, {'value': 'Rob Friend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rob_Friend', 'summary': 'Robert Douglas Friend ( born 23 January 1981 ) is a Canadian former soccer player and CEO of Pacific FC .'}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UC Santa Barbara', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UC_Santa_Barbara_Gauchos_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men 's soccer team is a NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of student-athletes attending the University of California , Santa Barbara . The Gauchos play their home matches at Harder Stadium . Like most of the other UC Santa Barbara Gauchos athletic teams , the men 's soccer team competes in the Big West Conference . The Gauchos won the 2006 NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Championship . The program has produced a total of 19 All-American selections , all but one of which since 2002 , and over 50 players who have gone on to play professionally or represent their senior national teams . From 2007 to 2015 , the Gauchos were recognized every year by the NCAA as the men 's attendance champions by average attendance ( men 's and women 's inclusive across Division I , II , and III ) - the longest such recorded streak in the NCAA record books . The program holds the top six all-time NCAA soccer records for largest regular season attendances at on-campus venues ( men 's and women 's inclusive across Division I , II , and III ) . This is highlighted by the top all-time mark of 15,896 fans packed into Harder Stadium on September 24 , 2010 , when UC Santa Barbara hosted UCLA for their regular season match , despite the Santa Barbara County Fire Marshal turning fans away at the gates for fear of filling the stadium over capacity ."}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Saunders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Saunders', 'summary': 'Josh Saunders ( born March 2 , 1981 ) is an Oregon-born Puerto Rico-capped professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper . He last played for Orlando City in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California', 'summary': "The University of California ( UC ) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California . Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education , the University of California is a part of the state 's three-system public higher education plan , which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System . The University of California was founded on March 23 , 1868 , and operated in Oakland before moving to its campus in Berkeley in 1873 . In March 1951 , the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus at Berkeley , with Robert Gordon Sproul remaining in place as the first systemwide President , Clark Kerr becoming the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley , and Raymond B. Allen became the first Chancellor of UCLA . However , the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies , and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as President that UC was able to evolve into a system from 1957 to 1960 . In the 21st century , the University of California has 10 campuses , a combined student body of 280,380 students , 21,200 faculty members , 144,000 staff members and over 1.86 million living alumni , as governed by a semi-autonomous Board of Regents . Its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005 . Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students ; one campus , UC San Francisco , enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences . In addition , the UC Hastings College of Law , located in San Francisco , is legally affiliated with UC , but other than sharing its name is entirely autonomous from the rest of the system . The University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ) , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ( LLNL ) , and Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) . Collectively , the colleges , institutions , and alumni of the University of California make it the most comprehensive and advanced postsecondary educational system in the world , responsible for nearly $ 50 billion per year of economic impact . UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline , with UC faculty and researchers having won at least 62 Nobel Prizes as of 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus Crew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Crew', 'summary': "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Ritch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Ritch_(soccer)', 'summary': 'Michael Ritch ( born April 26 , 1981 in Tallassee , Alabama ) is an American soccer striker , who last played for the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer . Ritch played college soccer at Auburn University Montgomery in the NAIA from 1999 to 2002 , where he helped lead the team to four straight conference championships . Ritch was named a second-team All-American in 2001 , and as a senior , after scoring 29 goals with 15 assists in 23 games , he was named a first team All-American . Ritch finished his career at the school with 64 goals and 48 assists . In December 2002 , Ritch was selected as the # 1 overall pick in the 2003 A-League College Draft by the Syracuse Salty Dogs . Upon graduating from college , Ritch was drafted 37th overall in the 2003 MLS SuperDraft by the Columbus Crew , and signed a two-year contract with the club . This made Michael the first ever player drafted in the MLS from the state of Alabama . He only played 21 minutes over three games as a rookie , however in his second year , Ritch appeared in 12 games ( 4 as a starter ) and finished the year with one goal and one assist . In 2003 , the Crew sent Ritch on loan to the Salty Dogs for three games . Michael Ritch is currently the Director of Coaching at CSC ( Cajun Soccer Club ) in Lafayette , LA'}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn_University', 'summary': "Auburn University ( AU or Auburn ) is a public research and land-grant university in Auburn , Alabama . With more than 23,000 undergraduate students and a total enrollment of more than 30,000 with 1,260 faculty members , Auburn is the second largest university in Alabama . It is one of the state 's two public flagship universities . The university is classified as an R1 : Doctoral Research - Very High Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Auburn was chartered on February 1 , 1856 , as East Alabama Male College , a private liberal arts school affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church , South . In 1872 , under the Morrill Act , it became the state 's first land-grant university and was renamed as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama . In 1892 , it became the first four-year coeducational school in Alabama , and in 1899 was renamed Alabama Polytechnic Institute ( API ) to reflect its changing mission . In 1960 , its name was changed to Auburn University to acknowledge the varied academic programs and larger curriculum of a major university ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado Rapids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Rapids', 'summary': "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Matt Crawford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Crawford', 'summary': 'Matthew David Crawford ( born August 20 , 1980 in Durham , North Carolina ) is an American soccer midfielder who last played for the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer . He played high school soccer at Durham Academy in Durham , North Carolina and helped earn them state titles in 1995 and 1996 . Crawford played college soccer at the University of North Carolina from 1999 to 2002 . He finished his career at UNC with 12 goals and 35 assists in 89 games , 81 of them starts . Upon graduating , Crawford was drafted 38th overall in the 2003 MLS SuperDraft by the Rapids . Crawford surprised by earning a place on the team , and played extensively as a reserve defender , appearing in 16 games , 8 of them starts , and adding one assist . In 2004 , Crawford cemented a starting role in the Rapids midfield , although he still played occasionally in defense . He played in all 30 Rapids games that year , starting 28 , and adding one goal and four assists .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill', 'summary': "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC , UNC-Chapel Hill , North Carolina , Chapel Hill , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . The flagship of the University of North Carolina system , it is considered a Public Ivy , or a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university . After being chartered in 1789 , the university first began enrolling students in 1795 , which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States . Among the claimants , the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the only one to have held classes and graduated students as a public university in the eighteenth century . The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina , the school opened its doors to students on February 12 , 1795 . Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle , in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House . In 1952 , North Carolina opened its own hospital , UNC Health Care , for research and treatment , and has since specialized in cancer care . The school 's students , alumni , and sports teams are known as Tar Heels . The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study and is administratively divided into 13 separate professional schools and a primary unit , the College of Arts & Sciences . Five of the schools have been named : the UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School , the UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media , the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , and the UNC Adams School of Dentistry . All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status . UNC 's faculty and alumni include 9 Nobel Prize laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 49 Rhodes Scholars ."}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamil Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamil_Walker', 'summary': 'Jamil Walker ( born April 21 , 1981 in Rochester , New York ) is a retired American soccer forward and midfielder , who played professionally in Major League Soccer and the USL First Division .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Clara University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Clara_University', 'summary': "Santa Clara University is a private Jesuit university in Santa Clara , California , with about 5,400 undergraduate students and about 3,300 postgraduate students . Established in 1851 , Santa Clara University is the oldest operating institution of higher learning in California and has remained in its original location for 168 years . The university 's campus surrounds the historic Mission Santa Clara de Asis which traces its founding to 1776 . The campus mirrors the Mission 's architectural style and provides a fine early example of Mission Revival architecture . The university is classified as a Doctoral/Professional university by Carnegie Classification . The university offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees through its six colleges , the School of Arts and Sciences , School of Education and Counseling Psychology , Leavey School of Business , School of Engineering , Jesuit School of Theology , and School of Law . Among Santa Clara 's alumni are governors , congressmen , mayors , senators , and presidential cabinet members . Santa Clara alumni founded Nvidia and Farmer 's Insurance , and created JavaScript . Santa Clara 's alumni have won a number of honors , including Pulitzer Prizes , the NBA MVP Award , and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Santa Clara alumni have served as mayors of San Francisco , Los Angeles , Oakland , San Jose , and Washington , DC . The two most recent Governors of California attended Santa Clara . Santa Clara 's sports teams are called the Broncos ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy', 'summary': "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamid Mehreioskouei', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bradley University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradley_University', 'summary': 'Bradley University is a private university in Peoria , Illinois . Founded in 1897 , Bradley University currently enrolls 5,400 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges . The university is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 national accrediting agencies .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Player selection -- Round Four', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2003_MLS_SuperDraft_3', 'intro': 'The 2003 MLS Superdraft was held January 17, 2003 in Kansas City, Missouri. It was the fifth annual SuperDraft held by Major League Soccer.'}
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How many players were selected from colleges in California ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_spaceflight', 'title': '2013 in spaceflight', 'header': ['Family', 'Country', 'Launches', 'Successes', 'Failures', 'Partial failures'], 'data': [{'value': 'Angara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)', 'summary': 'The Angara rocket family is a family of space-launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center . The rockets are to put between 3,800 and 24,500 kg into low Earth orbit and are intended , along with Soyuz-2 variants , to replace several existing launch vehicles .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antares', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antares_(rocket)', 'summary': "Antares ( /ænˈtɑːriːz/ ) , known during early development as Taurus II , is an expendable launch system developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation ( now part of Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems after Northrop Grumman acquired Orbital ATK ) and the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau to launch the Cygnus spacecraft to the International Space Station as part of NASA 's COTS and CRS programs . Able to launch payloads heavier than 8,000 kg ( 18,000 lb ) into low-Earth orbit , Antares is currently the largest rocket operated by Northrop Grumman . Antares launches from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport and made its inaugural flight on April 21 , 2013 . NASA awarded Orbital a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services ( COTS ) Space Act Agreement ( SAA ) in 2008 to demonstrate delivery of cargo to the International Space Station . For these COTS missions Orbital intends to use Antares to launch its Cygnus spacecraft . In addition , Antares will compete for small-to-medium missions . Originally designated the Taurus II , Orbital Sciences renamed the vehicle Antares , after the star of the same name , on December 12 , 2011 . The first four Antares launch attempts were successful . During the fifth launch on October 28 , 2014 , the rocket failed catastrophically , and the vehicle and payload were destroyed . The failure was traced to a fault in the first stage engines . After completion of a redesign program , the rocket had a successful return to flight on October 17 , 2016 , delivering cargo to the ISS ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ariane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use . The name comes from the French spelling of the mythological character Ariadne . France first proposed the Ariane project and it was officially agreed upon at the end of 1973 after discussions between France , Germany and the UK . The project was Western Europe 's second attempt to develop its own launcher following the unsuccessful Europa project . The Ariane project was code-named L3S ( the French abbreviation for third-generation substitution launcher ) . The European Space Agency ( ESA ) charged Airbus Defence and Space , with the development of all Ariane launchers and of the testing facilities , while Arianespace , a 32.5% CNES ( French government space agency ) commercial subsidiary created in 1980 , handles production , operations and marketing . Arianespace launches Ariane rockets from the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou in French Guiana ."}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Europe', 'summary': "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere . It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , and Asia to the east . The eastern border comprises a long and mixed line of mountain ranges and waterways that would normally define a subcontinent . However , Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition . It is the 6th largest continent in the world . Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres ( 3,930,000 sq mi ) , or 2% of the Earth 's surface ( 6.8% of land area ) . Politically , Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which Russia is the largest and most populous , spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population . Europe had a total population of about 741 million ( about 11% of the world population ) as of 2018 [ update ] . The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent , even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe . Further from the sea , seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast . Europe , in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome , was the birthplace of Western civilisation ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "Atlas is a family of US missiles and space launch vehicles that originated with the SM-65 Atlas . The Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile ( ICBM ) program was initiated in the late 1950s under the Convair Division of General Dynamics . Atlas was a liquid propellant rocket burning RP-1 fuel with liquid oxygen in three engines configured in an unusual stage-and-a-half or parallel staging design : two outboard booster engines were jettisoned along with supporting structures during ascent , while the center sustainer engine , propellant tanks and other structural elements remained connected through propellant depletion and engine shutdown . The Atlas name was originally proposed by Karel Bossart and his design team working at Convair on project MX-1593 . Using the name of a mighty titan from Greek mythology reflected the missile 's place as the biggest and most powerful at the time . It also reflected the parent company of Convair , the Atlas Corporation . The missiles saw only brief ICBM service , and the last squadron was taken off operational alert in 1965 . However , from 1962 to 1963 Atlas boosters launched the first four US astronauts to orbit the Earth ( in contrast to the preceding two Redstone suborbital launches ) . The Atlas-Agena and Atlas-Centaur satellite launch vehicles were also derived directly from the original Atlas . The Atlas-Centaur was evolved into the Atlas II , various models of which were launched 63 times between 1991 and 2004 . There were only six launches of the succeeding Atlas III , all between 2000 and 2005 . The Atlas V is still in service , with launches planned into the 2020s ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)', 'summary': 'Delta is an American versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960 . More than 300 Delta rockets have been launched with a 95% success rate . Only the Delta IV Heavy rocket remains in use as of August 22 , 2019 . Delta rockets are currently manufactured and launched by the United Launch Alliance .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Epsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)', 'summary': 'The Epsilon rocket ( イプシロンロケット , Ipushiron roketto ) ( formerly Advanced Solid Rocket ) is a Japanese solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific satellites . It is a follow-on project to the larger and more expensive M-V rocket which was retired in 2006 . The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ) began developing the Epsilon in 2007 . It is capable of placing a 590 kg payload into Sun-synchronous orbit .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Falcon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "SpaceX manufactures launch vehicles to operate its launch provider services and to execute its various exploration goals . SpaceX currently manufactures and operates the Falcon 9 Full Thrust family of medium-lift launch vehicles and the Falcon Heavy family of heavy-lift launch vehicles - both of which powered by SpaceX 's Merlin engines and employing VTVL technologies to reuse the first stage . As of 2019 , the company is also developing the fully reusable Starship launch system , which will replace the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy . SpaceX 's first launch vehicle family , the Falcon 1 , was the first privately developed liquid fuel launch vehicle to be launched into orbit , and utilized SpaceX 's Merlin and Kestrel engines for its first and second stages , respectively . It was launched five times from Omelek Island between 2006 and 2009 - the Falcon 1e and Falcon 5 variants were planned but never developed . The Falcon 9 v1.0 series of launch vehicles , utilizing upgraded Merlin engines on both its stages , was developed as part of the United States Air Force 's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program and NASA 's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program . It was first launched from Cape Canaveral in 2010 and later replaced by the Falcon 9 v1.1 series in 2013 , which was also launched from Vandenberg . The Falcon 9 Full Thrust and Falcon Heavy variants followed in 2015 and 2018 , and are both launched from Kennedy , in addition to Cape Canaveral and Vandenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H-II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H-II_(rocket_family)', 'summary': 'This is a list of launches made by JAXA using H-II , H-IIA , H-IIB and H3 rockets .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuaizhou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuaizhou', 'summary': 'Kuaizhou ( KZ , Chinese : 快舟 ; pinyin : kuàizhōu , meaning speedy vessel ) ( also called Feitian Emergency Satellite Launch System , Feitian-1 , FT-1 ) is a family of Chinese quick-reaction orbital launch vehicles . Flying since 2013 , Kuaizhou 1 and 1A consist of three solid-fueled rocket stages , with a liquid-fueled fourth stage as part of the satellite system . Kuaizhou 11 , introduced in 2018 , is a larger model able to launch a 1,500-kilogram ( 3,300 lb ) payload into low Earth orbit . Heavy-lift models KZ-21 and KZ-31 are in development . The Kuaizhou series of rockets is manufactured by ExPace , a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation ( CASIC ) , as their commercial launch vehicles .'}]}, {'value': "People 's Republic of China", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long March', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "A Long March rocket is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People 's Republic of China . Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology . In English , the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China , as Chang Zheng means Long March in Chinese pinyin . The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history . ( In simplified Chinese : 长征系列运载火箭 ; traditional Chinese : 長征系列運載火箭 ; pinyin : Chángzhēng xìliè yùnzài huǒjiàn or Changzheng rocket . )"}]}, {'value': "People 's Republic of China", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minotaur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "The Minotaur is a family of American solid fuel rockets derived from converted Minuteman and Peacekeeper intercontinental ballistic missiles . They are built by Northrop Grumman via contract with the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center 's Space Development and Test Directorate ( SMC/SD ) as part of the Air Force 's Rocket Systems Launch Program which converts retired Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles ( ICBMs ) into space and test launch systems for US Government Agencies . Three variants of the Minotaur are currently in service . The Minotaur I is an orbital launch system used to launch small satellites into low Earth orbit ( LEO ) . The Minotaur II is a target launch vehicle ( TLV ) , also known as Chimera , used for suborbital flights , often as a target for tracking and anti-ballistic missile tests . The Minotaur IV is a more capable LEO launch system . The Minotaur V is designed to reach higher orbits , including geosynchronous transfer orbit ( GTO ) and trans-lunar trajectories . The Minotaur III is a version under development , which will be used for suborbital flights . The Minotaur I and II are derived from the Minuteman missile , while the Minotaur III , IV and V are derived from the Peacekeeper ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pegasus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)', 'summary': 'The Pegasus is an air-launched rocket developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation ( now part of Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems after Northrop Grumman acquired Orbital ATK ) . Capable of carrying small payloads of up to 443 kilograms ( 977 lb ) into low Earth orbit , Pegasus first flew in 1990 and remains active as of 2019 [ update ] . The vehicle consists of three solid propellant stages and an optional monopropellant fourth stage . Pegasus is released from its carrier aircraft at approximately 40,000 ft ( 12,000 m ) , and its first stage has a wing and a tail to provide lift and attitude control while in the atmosphere . Notably , the first stage does not have a Thrust Vector Control ( TVC ) system .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PSLV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle', 'summary': "The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle ( PSLV ) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) . It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing ( IRS ) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits , a service that was , until the advent of the PSLV in 1993 , commercially available only from Russia . PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit ( GTO ) . Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India 's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 , India 's first interplanetary mission , Mars Orbiter Mission ( Mangalyaan ) and India 's first space observatory , Astrosat . PSLV has gained credence as a leading provider of rideshare services for smallsats , due its numerous multi-satellite deployment campaigns with auxiliary payloads usually ride sharing along an Indian primary payload . As of December 2019 , PSLV has launched 319 foreign satellites from 33 countries . Most notable among these was the launch of PSLV C37 on 15 February 2017 successfully deploying 104 satellites in sun-synchronous orbit , tripling the previous record held by Russia for the highest number of satellites sent to space on a single launch . Payloads can be integrated in tandem configuration employing a Dual Launch Adapter . Smaller payloads are also placed on equipment deck and customized payload adapters ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R-7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "The R-7 family of rockets ( Russian : Р-7 ) is a series of rockets , derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka , the world 's first ICBM . More R-7 rockets have been launched than any other family of large rockets . When Soviet nuclear warheads became lighter , the R-7 turned out to be impractical as a ballistic missile . It was not necessary to launch such heavy payloads in a military application . The rockets became useful in the Soviet , and later , Russian space programmes with long-term development . Their purpose shifted primarily to launching satellites , probes , manned and unmanned spacecraft , and other non-threatening payloads . The R-7 family consists of both missiles and orbital carrier rockets . Derivatives include the Vostok , Voskhod and Soyuz rockets , which as of 2019 have been used for all Soviet , and later Russian human spaceflights . The type has a unique configuration where four break-away liquid-fueled engines surround a central core . The core acts as , in effect , a second stage after the other four engines are jettisoned . These rockets are expendable . Later modifications were standardised around the Soyuz design ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R-36', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R-36_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "The R-36 ( Russian : Р-36 ) is a family of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) and space launch vehicles ( Tsyklon ) designed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War . The original R-36 was deployed under the GRAU index 8K67 and was given the NATO reporting name SS-9 Scarp . It was able to carry three warheads and was the first Soviet MIRV ( multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle ) missile . The later version , the R-36M was produced under the GRAU designations 15A14 and 15A18 and was given the NATO reporting name SS-18 Satan . This missile was viewed by certain United States analysts as giving the Soviet Union first strike advantage over the U.S. , particularly because of its rapid silo-reload ability , very heavy throw weight and extremely large number of re-entry vehicles . Some versions of the R-36M were deployed with 10 warheads and up to 40 penetration aids and the missile 's high throw-weight made it theoretically capable of carrying more warheads or penetration aids . Contemporary U.S. missiles , such as the Minuteman III , carried up to three warheads at most . The R-36 became the base for the Tsyklon launch vehicles family . As of early 2018 , Cyclone-4M , the last modification of it , is developed and planned for launch in 2020 . Russia intends to replace the R-36M with a new heavy ICBM , the RS-28 Sarmat ."}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Universal Rocket', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Universal_Rocket', 'summary': 'The Universal Rocket or UR family of missiles and carrier rockets is a Russian , previously Soviet rocket family . Intended to allow the same technology to be used in all Soviet rockets , the UR is produced by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center . Several variants were originally planned , of which only three flew , and only two of which entered service . In addition , the cancelled UR-500 ICBM formed the basis for the Proton carrier rocket .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vega_(rocket)', 'summary': 'Vega ( Italian : Vettore Europeo di Generazione Avanzata , meaning Advanced generation European carrier rocket ) , is an expendable launch system in use by Arianespace jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency . Development began in 1998 and the first launch took place from the Guiana Space Centre on 13 February 2012 . It is designed to launch small payloads - 300 to 2,500 kg satellites for scientific and Earth observation missions to polar and low Earth orbits . The reference Vega mission is a polar orbit bringing a spacecraft of 1,500 kilograms to an altitude of 700 kilometers . The rocket , named after Vega , the brightest star in the constellation Lyra , is a single-body launcher ( no strap-on boosters ) with three solid rocket stages : the P80 first stage , the Zefiro 23 second stage , and the Zefiro 9 third stage . The upper module is a liquid rocket called AVUM . The improved version of the P80 stage , the P120C , will be used as the side boosters of the Ariane 6 . Italy is the leading contributor to the Vega program ( 65% ) , followed by France ( 13% ) . Other participants include Spain , Belgium , the Netherlands , Switzerland and Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Europe', 'summary': "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere . It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , and Asia to the east . The eastern border comprises a long and mixed line of mountain ranges and waterways that would normally define a subcontinent . However , Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition . It is the 6th largest continent in the world . Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres ( 3,930,000 sq mi ) , or 2% of the Earth 's surface ( 6.8% of land area ) . Politically , Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which Russia is the largest and most populous , spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population . Europe had a total population of about 741 million ( about 11% of the world population ) as of 2018 [ update ] . The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent , even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe . Further from the sea , seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast . Europe , in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome , was the birthplace of Western civilisation ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zenit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)', 'summary': "Zenit ( Ukrainian : Зеніт , Russian : Зени́т ; meaning Zenith ) is a family of space launch vehicles designed by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro , Ukraine , which was then part of the Soviet Union . Zenit was originally built in the 1980s for two purposes : as a liquid rocket booster for the Energia rocket and , equipped with a second stage , as a stand-alone middle-weight launcher with a payload greater than the 7 tonnes of the Soyuz but smaller than the 20 tonnes payload of the Proton . The last rocket family developed in the USSR , the Zenit was intended as an eventual replacement for the dated R-7 and Proton families , and it would employ propellants which were safer and less toxic than the Proton 's nitrogen tetroxide/UDMH mix . Zenit was planned to take over crewed spaceship launches from Soyuz , but these plans were abandoned after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Zenit-3SL is launched by the Sea Launch consortium 's floating launch platform in the Pacific Ocean and Zenit-2 is launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . The engines of the Zenit 's first and second stages as well as the upper stage of the Zenit-3SL rocket are supplied by Russia . There are plans to use an improved Zenit-3SLB rocket for commercial launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome beginning in April 2008 . This service is marketed as Land Launch . Zenit-3SL has launched 36 times with 32 successes , one partial success , and three failures . The first failure , the launch of a Hughes-built communications satellite owned by ICO Global Communications , occurred during the second commercial launch on March 12 , 2000 and was blamed on a software error that failed to close a valve in the second stage of the rocket . The second failure occurred on January 30 , 2007 when the rocket exploded on the Odyssey launch platform , seconds after engine ignition . The NSS-8 communication satellite on board was destroyed ."}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine / Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Orbital launch statistics -- By rocket', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2013_in_spaceflight_1', 'intro': "In 2013, the maiden spaceflight of the Orbital Sciences' Antares launch vehicle, designated A-ONE, took place on 13 April. Orbital Science also launched its first spacecraft, Cygnus, that docked with the International Space Station in late September 2013."}
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On what continent would you find the H-II site ?
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Asia
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03426e071c9187f6
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Aerobic_Gymnastics_World_Championships', 'title': '2012 Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnasts', 'Country', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sara Moreno , Vincente Lli', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '21.650', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreea Bogati , Tudorel-Valentin Mavrodineanu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valentin_Mavrodineanu', 'summary': 'Tudorel-Valentin Mavrodineanu ( born July 3 , 1986 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian aerobic gymnast . He won seven world championships medals ( four gold , one silver , and two bronze ) and seven European medals ( six gold and one bronze ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '21.650', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evgeniia Kudymova , Maksim Grinin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '21.550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guang Yang , Chao Ma', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '21.450', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aleksei Germanov , Polina Amosenok', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '21.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Chaninet , Aurelie Joly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '20.950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vũ Bá Đông , Trần Thị Thu Hà', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vietnam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vietnam', 'summary': 'Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Việt Nam pronounced [ vîət nāːm ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam ) , is the easternmost country on the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula . With an estimated 95.5 million inhabitants as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the 15th most populous country in the world . Vietnam shares its land borders with China to the north , and Laos and Cambodia to the west . It shares its maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand , and the Philippines , Indonesia and Malaysia through the South China Sea . [ n 5 ] Its capital city is Hanoi , while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City , also known by its former name of Saigon . Archaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age . The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC , which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium . The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD . This paved the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until the Indochinese Peninsula saw French colonisation in the mid-19th century . Modern Vietnam was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from France in 1945 . Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War , which ended in 1954 , the nation was divided into two rival states : communist North and anti-communist South . Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War , which saw extensive US intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with North Vietnamese victory in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': '20.850', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Changil Yoon , Hyun Kyung Shin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': '19.800', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Mixed Pairs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2012_Aerobic_Gymnastics_World_Championships_2', 'intro': 'The 12th Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Sofia, Bulgaria June 1 to June 3, 2012.'}
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What mountains lie in the southern region of the nation with 21.550 points by a pair at the Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships of 2012 ?
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Caucasus
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