category stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes int64 0 12 | gold_evidence list | id stringlengths 20 20 | label stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence list | text stringlengths 16 429 | total_likes int64 0 7 | total_votes int64 0 13 | wikipedia_page stringlengths 3 49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004, until they were surpassed by Taipei 101."
}
] | z7zJzcrVoCl5I9mYKqCf | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin tower... | The Petronas Towers is the third highest building in the world. | 3 | 5 | Petronas Towers |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and initial growth (2005–2006)",
"text": "Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not."
}
] | z8wWopDbbn1WeCoU8eE1 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Google (2006–2013)",
"text": "In December 2011, YouTube launched a new version of the site interface, with the video channels displayed in a central column on the home page, similar to the news feeds of social networking sites."
},
{
"section_header": "C... | Creators of YouTube first wanted to make it a social site, similar to Facebook. | 0 | 0 | YouTube |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chagatai: اقساق تیمور Aqsaq Temür, \" Timur the Lame\"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",... | z8xTSItDRU8eC9tc6ego | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Tamerlane virtually exterminated the Church of the East, which had previously been a major branch of Christianity but afterwards became largely confined to a small area now known as the Assyrian Triangle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chagatai... | Timur was a conqueror of what is now Afghanistan and help some areas prosper while others he destroyed. | 0 | 3 | Timur |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His many achievements and deep Christian faith earned him the nickname \"the Mahātmā.\" Rickey was born in Stockdale, Ohio, the son of Jacob Frank Rickey and Emily (née Brown)."
}
] | zAOyBOSmVh7X4ngBC2im | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Rickey's great-granddaughter, actress Kelley Jakle, also appears in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His many achievements and deep Christian faith earned him the nickname \"the Mahātmā.\" Rickey was born in Stockdale, Oh... | Branch Rickey had great belief in Christianity. | 2 | 4 | Branch Rickey |
Geography | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1847 to present",
"text": "Because of clauses in the city's charter that prevented the City of Los Angeles from selling or providing water from the aqueduct to any area outside its borders, many adjacent cities and communities felt compelled to annex themselves into Los Angele... | zAQIJNK3zHMrrKbkwfTR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months be... | The city of Los Angeles offers water as a commodity to California incorporated areas both nearby and far away. | 0 | 2 | Los Angeles |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered \"too Jewish\" to attract mainstream audiences."
}
] | zAVGHDOrZjXtD3YgnMmI | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "In 2001, Chicago's Improv Olympic produced a well-received parody, \"The Roof Is on Fiddler\", that used most of the original book of the musical but replaced the songs with 1980's pop songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations and ... | Fiddler on the Roof's critics were concerned the play would not be well received because of the Islamic characters in 1964. | 0 | 0 | Fiddler on the Roof |
Science | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Thus, as a child, she already familiarized herself with the properties of exponential growth."
}
] | zByvBfuIEK7cxUeWGHxa | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her parents found out that mathematical conceptions, like cone and tetrahedron, were familiar to her before she reached the age of 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; bo... | Ingrid was good at mathematics at a young age. | 2 | 2 | Ingrid Daubechies |
Technology | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2019",
"text": "Netflix is now considered the largest buyer of video content globally."
}
] | zCeBUf5hZIYPVuIWfbQj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2019",
"text": "Netflix is now considered the largest buyer of video content globally."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "For some time, the company had considered offering m... | Netflix is considered the 2nd largest buyer of video content globally. | 1 | 9 | Netflix |
Literature | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The first translator of the Quran was Salman the Persian, who translated surat al-Fatiha into Persian during the seventh century."
}
] | zDMCUfjpeOpamVm2h4H8 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "Another translation of the Quran was completed in 884 in Alwar (Sindh, India, now Pakistan) by the orders of Abdullah bin Umar bin Abdul Aziz on the request of the Hindu Raja Mehruk."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The first translato... | The first translator of the Qur'an was from Pakistan. | 1 | 7 | Qur'an |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On 3 October 1605, Akbar fell ill with an attack of dysentery from which he never recovered."
}
] | zDhAo0RY2Hf22rg0fCL3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Akbar's guardian, Bairam Khan concealed the death in order to prepare for Akbar's succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India",
"text": "Following a brief confrontation, however, Muhammad Hakim accepted Akbar'... | Muhammad Akbar's death cause was a stomach infection. | 2 | 4 | Akbar |
Geography | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Due to the huge cost of importing steel, the towers were constructed on a cheaper radical design of super high-strength reinforced concrete."
}
] | zDssug3DbiLlpc5bWVm7 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Due to the huge cost of importing steel, the towers were constructed on a cheaper radical design of super high-strength reinforced concrete."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The 88-floor towers are constructed l... | The towers were constructed on a cheaper design of high-strength reinforced concrete. | 0 | 2 | Petronas Towers |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947."
}
] | zExN5SGModxjQP0pvuln | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "It is often included in paper editions of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "A version of this essay first appeared in The New York Times on November 30, 1947, four days before ... | A streetcar Named Desire did open in Hollywood. | 0 | 0 | A Streetcar Named Desire |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a long narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron."
}
] | zF8JT3sLJPvzKKED7FLX | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Influence | The Byronic hero",
"text": "The protagonist of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage embodied the example of the self-exiled Byronic hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a long narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron."
... | Childe Harold's Pilgrimage has 4 sections. | 1 | 3 | Childe Harold's Pilgrimage |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president."
}
] | zFLWhqSG3MDobAm8j6p0 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman\". The Examiner."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman L... | Harry S. Truman was the 32nd president and is from Missouri. | 0 | 0 | Harry S. Truman |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication | Real-life inspiration",
"text": "A Doll's House was based on the life of Laura Kieler (maiden name Laura Smith Petersen), a good friend of Ibsen."
}
] | zFUIvkwmbOqA4CDfy7FQ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Novels",
"text": "Swallow's historical novel tells the story of Nora Helmer's life from the moment in December 1879 that Nora walks out on her husband and young children at the close of A Doll's House."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Three",
"text": "Sh... | A Doll's House play is inspired by a story of the author's father. | 0 | 0 | A Doll's House |
Science | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
}
] | zFv3VJ8s1CDO87V9W74q | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "She died of tuberculosis in May 1878, when Maria was ten years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Curie visited Poland for the last time in early 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "The damaging ... | Maria Curie was 68 years old at the time of her death. | 2 | 3 | Maria Skłodowska-Curie |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "PSG won their first major honour, the French Cup, in 1982 and their maiden Ligue 1 title in 1986."
}
] | zGpvPXZVQDHqLAx2uPFw | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "PSG are France's most successful club having won over forty competitive honours, including nine league titles and one major European trophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "PSG won their first major honour, the French Cup, in 1982 and their mai... | Paris Saint-Germain Football Club is France's most successful club having won over forty competitive honours, including nine league titles and one major European trophy winning their first major honour, the French Cup, in 1992. | 0 | 0 | Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "His father, Shapurji Sorabji, a civil engineer of... | zGvm7wpgh8qL90CyX1st | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years",
"text": "Towards the end of his life, Sorabji ceased composing, due to his failing eyesight and difficulties in holding a pen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 Octob... | Iraqi composer Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji stopped composing in his later years due to his failing body. | 0 | 0 | Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite his loss of the 1964 presidential election in a landslide, Goldwater is the politician most often credited with having sparked the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s."
}
] | zII21HHqCDi5HyOJVgqS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1964 presidential campaign | Results",
"text": "Goldwater only won his home state of Arizona and five states in the Deep South, depicted in red."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Senator",
"text": "As a measure of how Democratic Arizona had been ... | Barry Goldwater was a Senator from Arizona and won the presidential candidacy in 1848. | 0 | 0 | Barry Goldwater |
Technology | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2 billion."
}
] | zK2fc8sPC4Y1FwyBzVW3 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "In 2016, the company bought the 32-acre campus,... | Nokia was bought out by Microsoft in 2014. | 2 | 6 | Microsoft |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans, and he was one of the first abolitionists."
}
] | zKFPNfIy70c48fmvIIVS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Separation of church and state",
"text": "Williams believed that the state must confine itself to the commandments dealing with the relations between people: murder, theft, adultery, lying, and honoring parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Pequot War and ... | Roger Williams did not believe in being honorable with the Native Americans. | 1 | 3 | Roger Williams (theologian) |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war would rage on for another d... | zKOKsS8YWz2FrtvDa3yO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war would rage on for another decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schla... | The Battle of Blenheim, a battle in the War of the Spanish Succession, was nearly a decade before the end of the war. | 0 | 0 | Battle of Blenheim |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
}
] | zKa1LyS1IQ8iiK1XoEzP | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "The Two Towers shared principal photography with The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film direc... | The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers was a book and a movie about tiny people who needed to return a ring and was the third book in the series. | 1 | 1 | The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The global industrial production of ammonia in 2018 was 175 million tonnes, with no significant change relative to the 2013 global industrial production of 175 million tonnes."
}
] | zKj3BHF6QA9BgK7EBIyx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Synthesis and production",
"text": "Ammonia is one of the most produced inorganic chemicals, with global production reported at 175 million tonnes in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The global industrial production of ammonia in 2018 was 175 million tonnes,... | Ammonia is used in cleaning products so much that one hundred and seventy five million tons of ammonia is produces since 2013. | 0 | 0 | Ammonia |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the fictitious town of Starkfield, Massachusetts."
}
] | zKw83Ed3ox8ClSas1eQg | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Five people total were involved in the real-life accident, four girls and one boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the fictitious town of Starkfield, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Curious, ... | Ethan Frome is set in a real city in Ohio. | 1 | 3 | Ethan Frome |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Goodwill Spalding (September 2, 1849 – September 9, 1915) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional b... | zLP4ngX0xwhVJKJTv93f | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "People had used gloves previously, but they were not popular, and Spalding himself was skeptical of wearing one at first."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove."
},
{
... | Al Spalding was the founder of Spalding sporting goods and was one of the first players to wear a glove for baseball. | 0 | 0 | Al Spalding |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was nicknamed \"Poosh 'Em Up\" by Italian-speaking fans, from a mistranslation of an Italian phrase meaning to \"hit it out\" (hit a home run)."
}
] | zLdRo1Y9a3M6Q2LvoHEZ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "He hit a grand slam during the 1936 World Series, only the second grand slam in World Series history."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "That year he became one of what are today"
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yanke... | Lazzeri was called "Lazer beam" because Toy Story came out the year the Yankee's were World Series champions. | 0 | 0 | Tony Lazzeri |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Reign (1762–96) | Serfs | Attitudes towards Catherine",
"text": "Under Catherine's rule, despite her enlightened ideals, the serfs were generally unhappy and discontented."
}
] | zMD4zeO7n4Ypx0Qm7GKH | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reign (1762–96) | Serfs | Rights and conditions",
"text": "During her reign, Catherine gave away many state-owned peasants to become private serfs (owned by a landowner), and while their ownership changed hands, a serf's location never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (1762–9... | During the reign of Catherine the Great, she was well liked by her serfs. | 2 | 4 | Catherine the Great |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the first edition was published in 1855, Whitman spent most of his professional life writing and re-writing Leaves of Grass, revising it multiple times until his death."
}
] | zMmFVoGXHNFhGelfIWVi | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Initial publication",
"text": "The title Leaves of Grass was a pun."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and origin | Sections",
"text": "By its later editions, Leaves of Grass had grown to fourteen sections."
},
{
"section_he... | Leave of Grass has not been rewritten. | 0 | 1 | Leaves of Grass |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Perhaps the strongest evidence is his first name, Maria, which is traditional for a child born on 8 September, the feast-day of the Nativity of the Virgin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cherubini was born Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Sa... | zNBsEsTc2tnG9MFf4wrq | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "This position gave Cherubini the opportunity to read countless libretti and choose one that best suited his temperament."
},
{
"section_header": "French assimilation",
"text": "Although Napoleon found him too complex, Cherubini wrote at least o... | One of Luigi Cherubini's names was often given to children who came into the world on the onomastico of the saint we call Anthony in English. | 0 | 0 | Luigi Cherubini |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "After the war, Doss turned down many requests for books and film versions of his actions, because he was wary of whether his life, wartime experiences, and Seventh-day Adventist beliefs would be portrayed inaccurately or sensationally."
},
{
"secti... | zNKDTjVA0U1NiIx3iVAu | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Other changes to the story occur near the end of the movie when Doss is placed on a stretcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "If Hacksaw Ridge is any indication, we are poised for a future filled with great fi... | The person the movie Hacksaw Ridge was inspired by was upset that the director did not accurately telling his story. | 0 | 0 | Hacksaw Ridge |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement is a 1947 American drama film based on Laura Z. Hobson's best-selling 1947 novel of the same name."
}
] | zNL8MKSGSLjWSIy6vuBa | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": ", Gentleman's Agreement was one of Fox's highest-grossing movies of 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and box-office",
"text": "Gentleman's Agreement received a generally favorable reception from influential New York Times critic Bo... | Gentleman's Agreement was based on a book that was called Jews in New York. | 0 | 0 | Gentleman's Agreement |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Salvador Allende was of Basque and Belgian (Walloons) descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Coup | Death",
"text": "According to Isabel Allende Bussi—the daughter of Salvador Allende and currently a member of the Chilean Senate—the Allende family has long a... | zNZvr2FfF11KvxnCHy3R | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations during Allende's presidency | US involvement",
"text": "Both copper corporations aimed to expand privatized copper production in the city of Sewell in the Chilean Andes, where the world's largest underground copper mine \"El Teniente\", was located."
},
{
"sect... | Salvador Allende was a Chilean physician and socialist politician who was of French and German lineage and killed in a terrorist attack. | 0 | 0 | Salvador Allende |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Rickey could tell from the faintest, most undetectable twitch of a pitcher's muscles whether he was going home or throwing over to first."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was further known for his unquenchable passion for playing baseball and ... | zO6LYjiQbjIyAox4wxzb | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a child learning to play baseball in Oakland, Henderson developed the ability to bat right-handed although he was a naturally left-handed thrower—a rare combination for baseball players, especially non-pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"te... | Rickey Henderson played Major League Baseball and had an uncommon quality to surmise how a pitcher would throw to him at bat while enthralling and delighting those attending the game with his energetic character. | 0 | 0 | Rickey Henderson |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1937 radio adaptation by Orson Welles."
}
] | zOLBoHkx3yIKKuMKDy4E | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Called \"the most memorable film version\", it was filmed in East Germany and was overtly political."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "By popular acclaim, he is made mayor."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Minor",
... | There is an audio version made by the guy that did War of the Worlds. | 1 | 3 | Les Misérables |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Mother's death",
"text": "Abraham became close to his stepmother, and called her \"Mother\"."
}
] | zOlInwBHt8X2OeMPuXg2 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "U.S. House of Representatives, 1847–1849",
"text": "He was the only Whig in the Illinois delegation, but as dutiful as any, participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed the party line."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and childhood | Education and move to Illinois... | Abraham Lincoln was quite respectful to the woman his father married after the one that gave birth to him. | 0 | 0 | Abraham Lincoln |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Impressed by the contents of the dialogues, often very sober and strange, he decided to write an absurd play named L'anglais sans peine (\"English without toil\")."
}
] | zPR4lKByTc3vEGiq0dZW | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "La Cantatrice chauve – translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna – is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "et des chats, (\"It's raining cats and dogs\", t... | The Bald Soprano's original title could be translated from the French to be something like "Language with No Work." | 1 | 5 | The Bald Soprano |
Technology | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2019, Microsoft reached the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively."
}
] | zPjNnN5UWS1vgXTGROh5 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2019, Microsoft reached the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since Satya Nadella took over as CEO i... | In 2019, the company reached the trillion dollar market cap and bacame the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion. | 3 | 6 | Microsoft |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "In 1892, a professional team in Hastings, Nebraska sent a railroad ticket to Des Moines semiprofessional player Byron McKibbon, but McKibbon backed out and gave the ticket to Clarke instead."
}
] | zPqMTH7OyPVjx55MWRmT | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a left fielder and left-handed batter."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "He was one of 24 original in... | Clarke was born in Iowa and left in 1892 to play ball. | 1 | 3 | Fred Clarke |
Popular Culture | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Atticus Finch and the legal profe... | zQ5dZSKuwEuX3gsfmkqj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Atticus Finch and the legal profe... | The state's association of lawyers commemorate Atticus Finch in the hometown of Harper Lee. | 4 | 10 | To Kill a Mockingbird |
Science | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She briefly became a school teacher, before moving into computer science."
}
] | zQHkXc21oW3Gow6bWTdj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She bri... | Karen Sparck Jones has never taught at any educational instution. | 0 | 2 | Karen Sparck Jones |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beethoven's works remain mainstays of the classical music repertoire."
}
] | zQxakBxN5Y59jQJ1CRXb | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ludwig van Beethoven ( (listen); Ludwig van Beethoven ( (listen); German: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːtʰoːfn̩] (listen); baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist; his music is amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire, and ... | Ludwig van Beethoven is one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music and works remain mainstays of the classical music repertoire. | 0 | 0 | Ludwig van Beethoven |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 through 1983."
}
] | zR9zqCeVU5FolRmIMlnB | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "MLB career statistics",
"text": "Bench still holds the Major League record for the most grand slam home runs by a catcher with 10."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career statistics",
"text": "He caught 118 shutouts during his career, ranking him 12th all-time among major league... | Bench was a catcher his whole MLB career. | 0 | 5 | Johnny Bench |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He left a factory job in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1884 to form a minor league team."
}
] | zRGv2FpmMzuNcbFe6dCm | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Gibson Selee (October 26, 1859 – July 5, 1909) was an American Major League Baseball manager in the National League (NL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "With the Cubs, he created the famous Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance infield combination, b... | Frank Selee did quit his job to create a baseball club. | 1 | 5 | Frank Selee |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second largest U.S. state by both area (after Alaska) and population (after California)."
}
] | zRYup1Qx8RdIXlRTi3Jk | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Texas self-perception",
"text": "The phrase \"everything is bigger in Texas\" has been in regular use since at least 1950; and was used as early as 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Airports",
"text": "American Airlines Group's American / American Eag... | Texas is the largest state in the US. | 0 | 0 | Texas |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Metacritic, which assigns a normalized score, gave the film an average score of 95 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "The Hurt Locker was... | zS7lR4LkdD8Wl18op4Q9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Hurt Locker received widespread acclaim, with Renner's performance receiving praise from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is based on accounts of Mark Boal, a freelance journalist w... | The Hurt Locker is about a Journalist following a European platoon of soldiers and was critically acclaimed. | 0 | 1 | The Hurt Locker |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A merciless satire of greed and lust, it remains Jonson's most-performed play, and it is ranked among the finest Jacobean era comedies."
}
] | zSXtSN4PEXX4iVrNvwvB | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Famous eighteenth-century Volpones included James Quin; famous Moscas included Charles Macklin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Volpone (Italian for \"sly fox\") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606,... | Despite being famous, Volpone is not considered as one of the greatest comedies of its time. | 0 | 1 | Volpone |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War."
}
] | zSXxItIXscqI78mStotA | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Masinissa was to be allowed to expand Numidia into parts of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "The Carthaginian senate recalled Hannibal, who was still in Italy (although confined to the south of the peninsula) when Scipio landed in Africa... | The Battle of Zarma did happen in North Africa. | 0 | 0 | Battle of Zama |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A native of the Jersey Shore, he received critical acclaim for his early 1970s albums and attained worldwide fame upon the release of Born to Run in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in the U.S.A. (1984) is Springsteen's most commercia... | zSazvBZEA9VKr4QLXhSe | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who is both a solo artist and the leader of the E Street Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1964–1972: Early years",
"text": "The nickname als... | American singer Bruce Springsteen is from Jersey Shore and is known for the hit "Born in the U.S.A." | 0 | 0 | Bruce Springsteen |
Music | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1991–1995: Resurrection, final albums and final dissolution",
"text": "In early 1991, Dire Straits reunited."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1990: First break-up",
"text": "This was prior to the time that Knopfler, Illsley and manager Ed Bicknell decided to... | zSiHT0EYa6zDzoYJ9WT1 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums",
"text": "The following year, Dire Straits embarked on their first North American tour."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–1979: Early years and first two albums",
"text": "The song was one of Dire Straits' biggest ... | Dire Straits broke up twice over the years. The first breakup only lasted one year. | 2 | 5 | Dire Straits |
Technology | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They welcomed their second daughter, August, in August 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On December 1, Zuckerberg announced the birth of their daughter, Maxima Chan Zuckerberg (\"Max\")."
}
] | zSlcocJWG9BqJUjp4xyn | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Software developer | College years",
"text": "In January 2014, he recalled: I remember really vividly, you know, having pizza with my friends a day or two after—I opened up the first version of Facebook at the time I thought, \"You know, someone needs to build a service like this for th... | What Mark Zuckerberg would call his 2nd child was given just as much thought as his first. | 2 | 6 | Mark Zuckerberg |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "\" Dupin is not a professional detective; he decides to investigate the murders in the Rue Morgue for his personal amusement."
}
] | zU9hKEfxiB5ylAg7JBuK | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The word detective did not exist at the time Poe wrote \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\", though there were other stories that featured similar problem-solving characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "\" Dupin is not a profes... | In The Murders in the Rue Morgue, the character Dupin is not a specialist detective. | 0 | 0 | The Murders in the Rue Morgue |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jack was a salesman and storyteller whose grandparents were Irish Catholic emigrants from County Tipperary, while Nelle was of English, Irish and Scottish descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the younger son of Nelle Clyde (née... | zU9tOW3kDhQdI7tO06kw | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan worked to root out communist influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (1989–2004) | Public speaking",
"text": "In 1992 Reagan established the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award with the newly formed Ronal... | Ronald Reagan had Welsh roots. | 0 | 0 | Ronald Reagan |
NOCAT | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "As a youth he was sent to study in Rome at the monastery of St. Mary on the Aventine, where, according to some unconfirmed sources, his uncle was abbot of a monastery on the Aventine Hill."
}
] | zV4i7PPNNW3Mig54EztU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was critical in promoting and regulating the concept of modern university as his 1079 Papal Decree ordered the regulated establishment of cathedral schools that transformed themselves into the first European universities."
},
... | Pope Gregory VII went to study religions in Milan at an university. | 0 | 2 | Pope Gregory VII |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Elmer Gantry ranked as the number one fiction bestseller of 1927, according to \"Publisher's Weekly\"."
}
] | zVFdZw2K6gHpTLaC5f5A | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Gantry is a satirical novel written by Sinclair Lewis in 1926 that presents aspects of the religious activity of America in fundamentalist and evangelistic circles and the attitudes of the 1920s public toward it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
... | Elmer Gantry is a satirical book written by Sinclair Lewis that was on top of 1927's non-fiction bestseller's list. | 0 | 0 | Elmer Gantry |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Themes | Miscommunication",
"text": "As the title of the movie suggests, a major topic is miscommunication."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Miscommunication",
"text": "Most of the characters in the movie are connected by not only having to deal with language barriers but a... | zW6CKOxW0nsXNM7gJpvy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot | Japan",
"text": "She invites one of the detectives, Kenji Mamiya (真宮 賢治"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "The movie shows how the actions of one person on one continent can affect the lives of other people on different continents and vice vers... | One of Babels' most prominent plot points is poor communication. | 0 | 0 | Babel (film) |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897)."
... | zWaN5ioRj3zGURmCXnHV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "First presidency (1885–1889) | Native American policy",
"text": "Cleveland believed the Dawes Act would lift Native Americans out of poverty and encourage their assimilation into white society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1... | Grover Cleveland is an American actor. | 0 | 0 | Grover Cleveland |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit singles by Adams include \"Please Forgive Me\", \"All for Love\" and \"Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?\"."
}
] | zWshTnhZPo5kUycEq3vH | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010s",
"text": "Adams was one of several Canadian musicians to visit Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper at his official residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early career",
"text": "An earlier incarnation of the band had a number one hi... | Bryan Adams is a Canadian musician who was a one hit wonder. | 0 | 0 | Bryan Adams |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Origins (1906–1939)",
"text": "He graduated from the Kamenskoye Metallurgical Technicum in 1935 and became a metallurgical engineer in the iron and steel industries of eastern Ukraine."
}
] | zX2fXju31D0jwMceoiff | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Leader of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) | Domestic policies | Agricultural policy",
"text": "When Brezhnev had difficulties sealing commercial trade agreements with the United States, he went elsewhere, such as to Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Origin... | Leonid Brezhnev went to an engineering school. | 0 | 1 | Leonid Brezhnev |
Literature | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "the comical (\"The Mutability of Literature\"), but the common thread running through The Sketch Book – and a key part of its attraction to readers – is the personality of Irving's pseudonymous narrator, Geoffrey Crayon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
... | zXkWOMTvuOJ92DkLJRSP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Little more than five of the 33 chapters deal with American subjects: the essays \"English Writers on America\", \" The Traits of Indian Character\", \"Philip of Pokanoket: An Indian Memoir\", and parts of \"The Author's Account of Himself\" and \"The Angler\"; and K... | Geoffrey Crayon is a fabricated person that didn't write any of the tales in this book, a facsimile, an author's contrivance no more alive than the characters that inhabit Sleepy Hollow or Rip Van Winkle. | 2 | 7 | The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon |
Science | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Adverse effects",
"text": "It is estimated that 0.4% of current cancers in the United States are due to computed tomography (CT scans) performed in the past and that this may increase to as high as 1.5-2% with 2007 rates of CT usage."
}
] | zYJxCE7aQFK6tXulp67M | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adverse effects",
"text": "Diagnostic X-rays (primarily from CT scans due to the large dose used) increase the risk of developmental problems and cancer in those exposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Adverse effects",
"text": "In the US, there are an estimated 62 million CT scan... | .4 percent of cancers in the U.S are due to a specific type of X-ray, a CT scan. | 2 | 3 | X-ray |
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The face ... | zYLy2yWOANjTLutnu23Q | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The face ... | The Great Sphinx of Giza has both the strong body of a lion and the head of the human generally believed to be that of pharahoh Khafre. | 4 | 6 | Great Sphinx of Giza |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Her influence extended beyond baseball; she was active in the Civil Rights Movement and a social activist."
}
] | zYMIkFNzuYD6FpZX6cbv | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Before the civil rights movement, Manley supported \"Don't Buy Where You Can't Work\" boycotts."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Her influence extended beyond baseball; she was active in the Civil Rights Movement and a social activist."
},
... | During her professional career, Manley was involved in the civil rights movement. | 1 | 3 | Effa Manley |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus."
}
] | zYcaCfWFhMBBzZ2QlAou | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "So some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists; however, like algae, invertebrates, or protozoans, the grouping is used for convenience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A protist () is ... | Protista is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus although some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists; however, like algae, invertebrates, or protozoans, the grouping is used for convenience. | 0 | 0 | Protista |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The very traditional Fitzgibbon is further put off by O’Malley's recreational habits – particularly his golf-playing – and his friendship with the even more casual Father Timmy O’Dowd."
}
] | zZ5E1kEiio3mCM5OWkQ1 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on a story by Leo McCarey, the film is about a new young priest taking over a parish from an established old veteran."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Going My Way is a 1944 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Leo McCarey and st... | In the film Going My Way, the senior priest disapproves of the younger priest's sports hobby. | 0 | 0 | Going My Way |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Ancient versions | European versions | Rhodopis",
"text": "The oldest known oral version of the Cinderella story is the ancient Greek story of Rhodopis, a Greek courtesan living in the colony of Naucratis in Egypt, whose name means \"Rosy-Cheeks\"."
}
] | zZmVaAECDDbbvwUU1CMx | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story of Rhodopis, recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo sometime between around 7 BC and AD 23, about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt, is usually considered to be the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story."
},
{
"section_heade... | The earliest oral Cinderella story is based around the story of a Greek woman. | 0 | 0 | Cinderella |
Technology | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"In its first earnings release as a public company, Groupon reported a 2011 fourth-quarter loss of $9.8 million on an adjusted basis, disappointing investors."
}
] | za7X37lPoO0Nd6P4SZer | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The idea that would eventually become Groupon was born out of founder Andrew Mason's frustration trying to cancel a cell phone contract in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"In its first earnings release as a public company, Groupon report... | Groupon came from trying to cancel a cell phone contract and reported a 2011 fourth-quarter loss of $11 million dollars. | 1 | 5 | Groupon |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inspired by the 1940 novel Mrs. Miniver by Jan Struther, the film shows how the life of an unassuming British housewife in rural England is touched by World War II."
}
] | zaXhX9g4Jw3pBiL2Gbt9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "And may God defend the right."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Reactions to propaganda elements",
"text": "Joseph Goebbels, minister of Nazi propaganda, wrote: [Mrs. Miniver] shows the destiny of a family during the current war, and its refined powerful p... | Mrs. Miniver is a film about an elderly woman and her driver as they experience the South during the Civil Rights movement. | 0 | 0 | Mrs. Miniver |
Geography | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "Later, Ramesses II the Great (1279–1213 BC) may have undertaken a second excavation."
}
] | zdTGg9mmLUjzEZavTy1q | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "From the 16th century far into the 19th century, observers repeatedly noted that the Sphinx has the face, neck and breast of a woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Over the centuries, writers and scholars have recorded their impressions a... | The Sphinx was excavated again in the 12th century. | 1 | 4 | Great Sphinx of Giza |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "The day before her death (30 October 1984), Gandhi visited Odisha where she gave her last speech at the then Parade Ground in front of the Secretariat of Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "\"On 31 October 1984, two of Gandhi's ... | zdYFH1VzardqXf5bOEpv | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Salma Sultan provided the first news of her assassination on Doordarshan's evening news on 31 October 1984, more than 10 hours after she was shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "The day before her death (30 October 1984), Gandhi vi... | Gandhi was assassinated in 1984. | 0 | 0 | Indira Gandhi |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "In September 2002, Puckett was accused of groping a woman in a restaurant bathroom and was charged with false imprisonment, fifth-degree criminal sexual conduct, and fifth-degree assault."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "The ... | zeFsBqr9Y3OT3zCH6AhI | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "In the March 17, 2003 edition of Sports Illustrated, columnist George Dohrmann wrote an article entitled \"The Rise and Fall of Kirby Puckett.\" The article documented Puckett's alleged indiscretions and contrasted his private image with the much-revered pub... | Kirby Puckett has a history of violence. | 3 | 5 | Kirby Puckett |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] | zefhjVFrWcmh9J5ZFbYU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "In 1903 the New York State legislature authorized construction of the New York State Barge Canal as the \"Improvement of the Erie, the Oswego, the Champlain, and the Cayuga and Seneca Canals\"."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century | New ... | Erie Canal was known as the New Jersey Barge Canal in 1862 and to help the Oswego and Cayuga Canals. | 2 | 3 | Erie Canal |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Coat of arms",
"text": "To the people of Tenochtitlan, this symbol had strong religious connotations, and to the Europeans, it came to symbolize the triumph of good over evil (with the snake sometimes representative of the serpent in the Garden of Eden)."
},
{
"section... | zegToMrCVT16p3Zqzzfh | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnicity and race | Official censuses",
"text": "According to these recent surveys, Indigenous peoples amount to 23% of Mexico's population (including people who declared to be partially indigenous), Afro-Mexicans are 2% of Mexico's population. (including people who decl... | The symbol on Mexico's flag is based deep in the indigenous people of the land's customs and legends. So of course there's a Christian explanation by colonizers that has nothing to do with the original inhabitants' intent. | 0 | 0 | Mexico |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States, from 1797 to 1801."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He and his wife ... | zelBiHJ180C7GDWbHLN0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Political writings | Massachusetts Constitution",
"text": "Adams became one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1780."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice presidency, 1789–1797 | Tenure",
"text": "Adams said that the distinctions were necessary because t... | John Adams was one of the leading men of the thirteen colonies of the United States and one of his sons became the highest ranking official in politics. | 0 | 1 | John Adams |
Technology | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Hardware",
"text": "Since this point, several websites have been documenting the issue, most notably www.hplies.com, a forum dedicated to what they refer to as Hewlett-Packard's \"multi-million dollar cover up\" of the issue, and www.nvidiadefect.com, which details the s... | zfBoDjFxeM2LlpZVfjJM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bribery",
"text": "The SEC's order finds that HP's subsidiary in Russia paid more than $2 million through agents and various shell companies to a Russian government official to retain a multimillion-dollar contract with the federal prosecutor's office."
},
{
"sec... | HP spent millions of dollars not fixing a very blatant problem with some of their PCs and laptops that they knew the cause of quite well, going as far as to give more broken parts away as warranty guaranteed servicing. | 2 | 6 | Hewlett-Packard |
Science | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in freshwater and marine environments: they are predominantly marine."
}
] | zfee7meSi2QzELf3WnM5 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Description | Cnidocytes",
"text": "This combination prevents them from firing at distant or non-living objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary history | Family tree",
"text": "This grouping of Cnidaria and Bilateria has been labelled \"Planulozoa\" because it suggest... | Cnidaria are only live in saltwater. | 2 | 2 | Cnidaria |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dedicated to \"Ianthe\", it describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man, who is disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry and looks for distraction in foreign lands."
}
] | zfvGsE1UM5BcPAeFze8U | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Influence | The Byronic hero",
"text": "The protagonist of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage embodied the example of the self-exiled Byronic hero."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a long narrative poem in four parts written by Lord Byron."
... | Childe Harold's Pilgrimage was dedicated to "lanthe". | 0 | 0 | Childe Harold's Pilgrimage |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Durocher was married four times."
}
] | zg2GmtiyEpiefGZhPNAR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leo Ernest Durocher (; July 27, 1905 – October 7, 1991), nicknamed Leo the Lip and Lippy, was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A regular player, he was nicknamed \"The All-Ameri... | American baseball player Leo Durocher had five wives. | 0 | 0 | Leo Durocher |
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The evening of 9 November 1989 is known as the night the Wall came down."
}
] | zg9cwQGkhNJ5DPQvhcpq | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The evening of 9 November 1989 is known as the night the Wall came down."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | Bruce Springsteen, 1988",
"text": "You are now among #Heroes. Thank you for help... | When the Berlin Wall came down on Novemeber 12, 1989 it marked the first time people in Berlin had been united since before the wall was built. | 2 | 6 | Berlin Wall |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy was well received by critics, with particular emphasis on the screenplay & Morgan Freeman's and Jessica Tandy's performances."
}
] | zhuVu1jbl795FN2cSSwY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy was a critical and commercial success upon its release and at the 62nd"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "Driving Miss Daisy was well received by critics, with particular emphasis on the screenplay & Morgan... | Driving Miss Daisy was badly criticized. | 0 | 0 | Driving Miss Daisy |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "As the Vandals eventually came to live outside of Germania, they were not considered Germani by ancient Roman authors."
}
] | zi7koAalpfvQIx4Du7nM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | Origins | Early classical sources",
"text": "The Lacringi appear in 3rd century records."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vandals were a Roman-era Germanic people who first appear in written records inhabiting present-day southern Poland."
},
{
... | The Vandals are cited in many ancient records. | 0 | 0 | Vandals |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "In October 2019, she was baptized in an Armenian Apostolic ceremony at the baptistery in the Etchmiadzin Cathedral complex and given the Armenian name Heghine (Հեղինե).In April 2015, Kardashian and West traveled to the Armenian Quarter of the Old City... | ziTnODN0i7oi25vN49bT | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kimberly Noel Kardashian West (née Kardashian; born October 21, 1980) is an American media personality, socialite, model, businesswoman, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "She was educated in Christian schools of both... | Kimberly Kardashian is a mega rich personality who values established traditional teachings and travels to ancient religious sites. | 0 | 0 | Kim Kardashian |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "Although Crane once wrote in a letter, \"You can tell nothing... unless you are in that condition yourself,\" he wrote The Red Badge of Courage without any experience of war."
}
] | zinNCgpRlN3oNIIPjNYn | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Red Badge of Courage is a war novel by American author Stephen Crane (1871–1900)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy and inspiration",
"text": "While trying to explain his ability to write about battle realistically, Crane stated: \"Of course... | Stephen Cane, author of The Red Badge of Courage, never served in the military even though he believed you couldn't explain anything without having experienced it. | 1 | 3 | The Red Badge of Courage |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Team image | Colours",
"text": "England's traditional home colours are white shirts, navy blue shorts and white or black socks."
}
] | zis5gGIXh83E5uW9pDsj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England is the oldest national team in football."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The England national football team represents England in men's international football and is governed by The Football Association, the governing body for football... | The England national football team's original colors were yellow and green. | 0 | 1 | England national football team |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The failure to re-capture Jerusalem inspired the subsequent Fourth Crusade of 1202–1204, but Europeans would only regain the city—and only briefly—in the Sixth Crusade in 1229."
}
] | zjREe4rpgQyYkwGumju2 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Christians would not hold the city of Jerusalem again until 1229."
},
{
"section_header": "Richard and Philip's crusade | Battle of Arsuf",
"text": "Control of Jaffa was necessary before an attack on Jerusalem could be attempted."
},
{
"section_... | The Third Crusade was the 3rd attempt to gain control of the Holy City of Jerusalem but it wasn't until the 6th attempt when the city was captured. | 0 | 0 | Third Crusade |
Music | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old."
}
] | zjx2oeUmIxLGyUX7mW6n | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases",
"text": "Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releas... | Miley was twelve when she auditioned for the Disney show. | 2 | 7 | Miley Cyrus |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Racial separatism",
"text": "Garvey's belief in racial separatism, the migration of African-Americans to Africa, and opposition to miscegenation all endeared him to the KKK, who supported many of the same policies."
}
] | zkfS8V2jkH6dQKqc82gX | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Ideology | Pan-Africanism",
"text": "The writer Richard Hart similarly noted that Garvey was \"much attracted by the glamour of the British nobility\", as reflected in the way he gave prominent supporters such British-derived titles as \"Lords\", \"Ladies\", and \"Knights\"."
},
{
... | Garvey supported much of the KKK's separatist agenda. | 0 | 1 | Marcus Garvey |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1953, Lombardi had been battling depression and agreed to go to a sanatorium."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "While on his way to the facility, Lombardi slit his throat from ear to ear with a razor."
}
] | zkikxUa9NBDGfAK0ASjf | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Cincinnati Chapter of the BBWAA annually award the Ernie Lombardi Award to the Reds' team MVP."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Lombardi's Big Snooze\"",
"text": "and it came to be known as \"Lombardi's Big Snooze\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",... | Ernie Lombardi was known to have an even manner and happy personality. | 0 | 0 | Ernie Lombardi |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "Dracula was not an immediate bestseller when it was first published, although reviewers were unstinting in their praise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author ... | zlw0uCeT1tiFDMJw7iOt | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However she continues to waste away – appearing to lose blood every night."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and scholarly criticism | Reaction",
"text": "\" The Daily Mail review of 1 June 1897 proclaimed it a classic of Gothic horror, \"In seeking a paralle... | Dracula is a horror story and was not popular right away. | 0 | 0 | Dracula |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Science and technology",
"text": "Science and technology are key factors in the economic position of Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Approximately 1.1 million Quebecers work in the field of science and technology."
}
] | zmiZqqLWQ4ARqmLYqjtz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Science and technology",
"text": "Quebec ranks among the world leaders in the field of life science."
},
{
"section_header": "Science and technology",
"text": "It is also considered as one of the world leaders in sectors such as aerospace, information technology, biotechnolo... | Quebec values Science and technology and is considered one of the leaders in the world at providing jobs in the field. | 0 | 1 | Quebec |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Through the obvious moral dichotomy at the start of the poem between Warren and Mary, it can be interpreted that Mary has slowly convinced Warren to offer Silas a room at the house; obviously his offering comes too late with Silas having died, arguably alone, beside th... | zn35imRZOhSabSjryYQX | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a poem by Robert Frost."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren... | The Death of the Hired Man is not about a literal loss of a life. | 0 | 0 | The Death of the Hired Man |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Songs of Innocence",
"text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William ... | zoGR7KppvB62qi3vOmFE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: So... | The Songs of Experience contain 20 poems. | 0 | 0 | Songs of Experience |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999 for his managerial achievements."
}
] | zpclogXvrknKe67fRSPy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Gibson Selee (October 26, 1859 – July 5, 1909) was an American Major League Baseball manager in the National League (NL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After the season, the two teams played in the Temple Cup, with Boston losing in five ... | Frank Selee never played for a baseball team. | 0 | 5 | Frank Selee |
Science | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva."
}
] | zrTi5x43K4vjFrNmHZ29 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Detectors",
"text": "Seven detectors have been constructed at the LHC, locate... | The LHC is underground near Geneva. | 0 | 6 | Large Hadron Collider |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Aaron Burr Jr. was born in 1756 in Newark, New Jersey, as the second child of the Reverend Aaron Burr Sr., a Presbyterian minister and second president of the College of New Jersey, which became Princeton University."
}
] | zro2G62iGsAhtNkP02Ah | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Adopted and acknowledged children",
"text": "Aaron (né Aaron Burr Columbe) was born in Paris in 1808 and arrived in America around 1815, and Charles was born in 1814.Both of the boys were reputed to be Burr's biological sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Ea... | Aaron Burr is the 3rd president of America. | 0 | 3 | Aaron Burr |
Music | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "When he failed to do so, an arrest warrant was issued and two of his bodyguards were released in Argentina in April 2015.In June 2014, a video emerged of a 15-year-old Bieber telling a joke about black people, which used the word... | zsYVRq76Hi7J38N1zx7P | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Public image | General",
"text": "In an interview with Vogue in February 2019, Bieber said that he would \"laugh at his past self\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "Immigration Law expert Harlan York noted that the likelihoo... | Justin Bieber has said extremely racist things in the past. | 1 | 5 | Justin Bieber |
Geography | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name for Japan in Japanese is written using the kanji 日本 and pronounced Nippon or Nihon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Feudal era",
"text": "He was appointed shōgun by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (moder... | zsdR06Z3eLyjynr47JtE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Japan is substantially prone to earthquakes, tsunami and volcanoes because of its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Japan is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and comprises an archipelago of 6,852 islands... | The country of Japan was named Edo in the imperial days and is located in the Pacific Ring Of Fire. | 5 | 7 | Japan |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her mother won the \"Mrs. Los Angeles\" pageant for homemakers; Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event inspired her first impulse to be an actress, and led to her wanting to work on stage."
}
] | ztZx0jhR6yZswRdYAtCE | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Diane Keaton was born Diane Hall in Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her mother won the \"Mrs. Los Angeles\" pageant for homemakers; Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event i... | Diane Keaton mother was Mrs. Los Angeles. | 0 | 0 | Diane Keaton |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown."
}
] | zto73o0VXT833sLvO0en | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Accompanying them on their travels was Matías Romero and his U.S.-born wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Diaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and D... | The moment where Porfirio Diaz was born is undiscovered. | 0 | 0 | Porfirio Diaz |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Background | Political gains",
"text": "On April 7, 1848, in response to a citizen's petition, the New York State Assembly passed the Married Woman's Property Act, giving women the right to retain the property they brought into a marriage, as well as property they acquired during the ma... | ztp1ATf4lFOt4dCniivD | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Background | Women in abolition",
"text": "In 1842 Thomas M'Clintock and his wife Mary Ann became founding members of the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society and helped write its constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Political gains",
"text": "On June 2, 1848... | After 1848 in New York, everything a wife owned really belonged to her husband. | 0 | 2 | Seneca Falls Convention |
Subsets and Splits
Texts Containing Winter
Filters dataset entries containing the word "winter" which provides basic keyword search capability but offers limited analytical value beyond simple text matching.