Split (3)

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Nontraditional black women filmmakers share with the broader community of radical filmmakers a problematic relation to mainstream, realist cinematic practice. Realist filmmakers manipulate the use of the camera and techniques of editing and lighting in ways that create the illusion that cinema is like life, that it may...	199602_2-RC_2_11	[ "calling the thematic assumptions of realistic filmmaking into question", "examining the lives of black public figures who have not received substantial public recognition", "examining the lives of women neglected by mainstream media", "influencing how women are portrayed in mainstream media", "moving audie...	3	Each of the following is accomplished by one of the documentary films described by the author of the passage EXCEPT:
Nontraditional black women filmmakers share with the broader community of radical filmmakers a problematic relation to mainstream, realist cinematic practice. Realist filmmakers manipulate the use of the camera and techniques of editing and lighting in ways that create the illusion that cinema is like life, that it may...	199602_2-RC_2_12	[ "Most of them cater to audiences who are not sufficiently knowledgeable to be able to appreciate films that employ experimental techniques.", "Some of them seek to combat majority culture ignorance about minority cultures.", "Many of them make films whose techniques conceal from audiences what those audiences w...	2	It can be inferred from the passage that the theorists referred to in line 27 would most probably agree with which one of the following statements about mainstream filmmakers?
Nontraditional black women filmmakers share with the broader community of radical filmmakers a problematic relation to mainstream, realist cinematic practice. Realist filmmakers manipulate the use of the camera and techniques of editing and lighting in ways that create the illusion that cinema is like life, that it may...	199602_2-RC_2_13	[ "contrast and assess some of the works of nontraditional black women filmmakers", "critique the subjects and techniques of realist filmmaking", "define which black women filmmakers can be considered experimental", "examine the relationship of nontraditional black women filmmakers to realist cinematic practice...	3	The primary purpose of the passage is to
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_14	[ "Confirmation of Wegener's theory of continental drift came from unexpected sources.", "Critics of Wegener's theory of continental drift provided information that contributed to its final acceptance.", "The history of the theory of continental drift is similar in a number of ways to the history of Darwin's most...	4	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_15	[ "a botanist who concludes that two species are unrelated based on superficial examination of their appearance", "a driver who attempts to find a street in an unfamiliar city without a map", "a zoologist who studies animal behavior rather than anatomy", "a politician who bases the decision to run for office on...	0	Jeffreys' approach to Wegener's theory is most like the approach of which one of the following?
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_16	[ "the reason for the existence of the giant crustal plates on which the continents are found", "the reason basalts retain their magnetic field alignment", "the reason the earth's poles have wandered", "the composition of the giant crustal plates on which the continents are found", "the disparity between the ...	4	According to the passage, evidence of seafloor spreading helped to explain which one of the following?
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_17	[ "\"virtually ignored\" (line 15)", "\"very poor\" (line 20)", "\"obviously perfunctory\" (line 21)", "\"careful techniques\" (line 22)", "\"consensus view\" (line 56)" ]	2	Which one of the following phrases, as used in context, most clearly reveals the author's opinion about Jeffreys?
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_18	[ "contrast two of Jeffreys' ideas", "justify criticisms of Jeffreys' work", "emphasize an opinion of Jeffreys' work", "explain the reasons for Jeffreys' conflict with Wegener", "support an assertion about Jeffreys' critics" ]	2	The author's mention of the fact that some field geologists suggested calling Jeffreys' work An Earth (line 45) serves to
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_19	[ "authoritative and supported by indirect evidence", "obvious but in need of interpretation", "accurate but in need of validation", "unquestionably based on insufficient search", "so deficient as to be unworthy of investigation" ]	3	It can be inferred that Carey believed Jeffreys' 1924 appraisal to be
Like Charles Darwin, Alfred Wegener revolutionized an entire science. Unlike Darwin's ideas, which still stir up much controversy, Wegener's theory of drifting continents is accepted almost without question, but it did not succeed without a struggle. In 1912 Wegener suggested that Africa and South America are estranged...	199602_2-RC_3_20	[ "It is discovered that the ocean basins are actually older than the continents.", "New techniques of geometric projection are discovered that make much more accurate mapping possible.", "It is determined that the magnetic fields of some basalts magnetized in Europe and North America during the twentieth century...	0	The information in the passage suggests that which one of the following findings would most clearly undermine evidence for the theory of continental drift?
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_21	[ "Until recently, the baroque has been regarded simply as an aesthetic style; however, Maravall has shown that it was a cultural mentality serving to reinforce monarchical absolutism.", "Maravall views baroque culture as a strategy for dissipating opposition and managing public opinion; however, he overestimates t...	1	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_22	[ "\"This larger view\" (line 5)", "\"grandiose artifice\" (line 34)", "\"tends to exaggerate\" (lines 47–48)", "\"own ideological ends\" (line 49)", "\"wholly counterproductive\" (line 52)" ]	2	Which one of the following phrases, in the context in which it occurs, most accurately indicates the author's attitude toward Maravall's concept of baroque culture?
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_23	[ "straightforward", "evolving", "codified", "guiding", "compelling" ]	3	Which one of the following words best expresses the meaning of "directive" as that word is used in line 27 of the passage?
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_24	[ "increasingly indifferent to unfavorable public opinion", "concerned with the political threat posed by the aristocracy", "captivated by the cultural devices designed to control their subjects", "somewhat successful in countering the disruptive legacy of the Renaissance", "preoccupied with the goal of attai...	3	It can be inferred from the passage that Maravall regarded monarchs of the baroque era as
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_25	[ "spur economic growth", "echo the consensus of public opinion", "entertain and divert the urban population", "express the emerging principle of individual liberty", "terrify the citizenry with the threat of monarchical repression" ]	2	In Maravall's view, baroque theater was intended to
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_26	[ "contrast two competing theories and offer an evaluation", "challenge a widely accepted viewpoint by means of a counterexample", "explicate an interpretation and introduce a qualification", "articulate opposing arguments and propose a reconciliation", "explain the unprecedented consequences of a political c...	2	The main purpose of the passage is to
To some scholars, the European baroque is not merely an aesthetic style characterized by extravagant forms and elaborate ornamentation, but also a political, social, and cultural mentality prevalent in Europe from approximately 1600 to 1680. This larger view was held by the late Spanish historian José Antonio Maravall,...	199602_2-RC_4_27	[ "confirmation that Maravall himself participated in opposing Franco's authoritarian regime", "the discovery that baroque-era nobility commissioned far more works of art than did the monarchs", "an analysis of baroque art that emphasizes its idealized depiction of the monarchy and aristocracy", "documents indi...	3	Which one of the following pieces of evidence, if it existed, would most weaken Maravall's interpretation of baroque culture?
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_1	[ "Because P. D. James's potential as a writer is stifled by her chosen genre, she should turn her talents toward writing mainstream novels.", "Because the requirements of the popular novel are incompatible with true creative expression, P. D. James's promise as a serious author has been diminished.", "The dichot...	0	Which one of the following best states the author's main conclusion?
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_2	[ "illustrate James's gift for innovative phrasing", "highlight James's interest in rural society", "allow the reader to experience the pleasure of James's books", "explain how James typically constructs her plots", "exemplify James's preoccupation with descriptive writing" ]	4	The author refers to the "patinas and aromas of a country kitchen" (line 32) most probably in order to
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_3	[ "propose an alternative to two extreme opinions described earlier", "present previously mentioned positions in greater detail", "contradict an assertion cited previously", "introduce a controversial interpretation", "analyze a dilemma in greater depth" ]	1	The second paragraph serves primarily to
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_4	[ "There are as many different detective-novel conventions as there are writers of crime novels.", "Detective fiction has been characterized by extremely high literary quality.", "Detective fiction has been largely ignored by literary critics.", "There is very little agreement among critics about the basic elem...	4	The passage supports which one of the following statements about detective fiction?
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_5	[ "too much material that is extraneous to the solution of the crime", "too little characterization to enable the reader to solve the crime", "too few suspects to generate suspense", "too simple a plot to hold the attention of the reader", "too convoluted a plot for the reader to understand" ]	0	The passage suggests that both Waugh and Oakes consider James's novels to have
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_6	[ "concern for the weaknesses and doubts of the characters", "transparent devices to advance the plot", "the attribution of intuition to the detective", "the straightforward assignment of culpability for the crime", "attention to the concepts of morality and responsibility" ]	3	It can be inferred from the passage that, in the author' s view, traditional detective fiction is characterized by
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_7	[ "Critics of literature must acknowledge that they are less talented than creators of literature.", "Critics should hesitate to disparage popular authors.", "P. D. James's novels should focus less on characters from the English landed gentry.", "Detective fiction should be content to remain an unambitious lite...	3	The author characterizes the position of some critics as "inverted snobbery" (line 17) because they hold which one of the following views?
Wherever the crime novels of P.D.James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is thatfamiliar, false opposition set up between different kinds of fiction, accor...	199606_3-RC_1_8	[ "\"The fantasy and whimsy characteristic of this writer's novels qualify them as truly great works of literature.\"", "\"The greatest work of early English literature happens to be a highly humorous collection of tales.\"", "\"A truly great work of literature should place demands upon its readers, rather than d...	2	Which one of the following quotations about literature best exemplifies the "familiar" attitude mentioned in lines 5-9?
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_9	[ "How should the legal protection of Native American burial grounds be enhanced?", "What characteristics of Native American burial grounds enhance their chances for protection by the law?", "In what ways does the law protect the rights of Native Americans in regard to the contents of ancestral graves?", "Why a...	2	The primary purpose of the passage is to provide an answer to which on of the following questions?
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_10	[ "one who seeks, as one of several beneficiaries of his father's estate, to protect the father's burial site", "one who seeks to prevent tenants on her land from taking artifacts from a grave located on the property", "one who represents a tribe whose members hope to prevent the disinterment of remains from a di...	4	It can be inferred that a court would be most likely to deny standing in a disinterment case to which one of the following Native American plaintiffs?
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_11	[ "Once a plaintiff's standing has been established, such cases are usually more difficult to resolve than are cases involving more recent graves.", "The distinction between individual and communal property is usually an issue in such cases.", "Even when a plaintiff's standing has been established, property law c...	3	According to the passage, which one of the following is true of cases involving ancient graves?
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_12	[ "Are the descendants of the deceased still alive?", "What was the reason for burying the objects in question?", "How long after interment had buried objects been claimed by a stranger?", "Did the descendants of the deceased remain in the neighborhood of the cemetery?", "Could the property on which buried ob...	1	The passage suggests that in making the ruling in Carrier v. Bell the Court is most likely to have considered the answer to which one of the following questions?
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_13	[ "illustrate the contention that common law may support the claims of Native Americans to the contents of ancestral graves", "exemplify the difficulties that Native Americans are likely to encounter in claiming ancestral remains", "introduce a discussion of the distinction between individual and communal propert...	0	The author uses the second paragraph to
Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. A number of legal remedies that either prohibit or regulate such activities may be available to Native American communities, if they can establish standing in ...	199606_3-RC_2_14	[ "Prior to an appellate court's ruling in Carrier vs. Bell, Native Americans had no legal grounds for demanding the return of artifacts excavated from ancient graves.", "Property law offers the most promising remedies to Native Americans seeking to recover communally owned artifacts that were sold to museums witho...	3	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_15	[ "At present, no single hypothesis explaining the latitudinal gradient in numbers of species is more widely accepted than any other.", "The tropical climate is more conducive to promoting species diversity than are arctic or temperate climates.", "Several explanations have been suggested for global patterns in s...	2	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_16	[ "The many plants in a large agricultural tract represent a limited range of species.", "An animal species experiences a death rate almost as rapid as its rate of growth and reproduction.", "Within the small number of living organisms in a desert habitat, many different species are represented.", "In a tropica...	4	Which one of the following situations is most consistent with the species-energy hypothesis as described in the passage?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_17	[ "In the absence of additional ice ages, the number of species at high latitudes could eventually increase significantly.", "No future ice ages are likely to change the climatic conditions that currently characterize temperate regions.", "If no further ice ages occur, climatic conditions at high latitudes might ...	0	As presented in the passage, the principles of the time theory most strongly support which one of the following predictions?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_18	[ "A remote subgroup of a tropical species is reunited with the original population and proves unable to interbreed with members of this original population.", "Investigation of a small area of a tropical rain forest reveals that many competing species are able to coexist on the same range of resources.", "A corr...	4	Which one of the following, if true, most clearly weakens the rate-of-speciation hypothesis as it is described in the passage?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_19	[ "It has more different species than does a tropical-zone forest.", "Its climatic conditions have been severely interrupted in the past by a succession of ice ages.", "If it has a large amount of biomass, it also has a large number of different species.", "It has a larger regional pool of species than does an ...	3	Which one of the following inferences about the biological characteristics of a temperate-zone grassland is most strongly supported by the passage?
When the same habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands, etc.) in regions of different latitudes are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This latitudinal gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that ...	199606_3-RC_3_20	[ "The time theory is the least plausible of proposed hypotheses, since it does not correctly assess the impact of ice ages upon tropical conditions.", "The rate-of-speciation hypothesis addresses a principal objection to the climatic-stability hypothesis.", "The major objection to the time theory is that it does...	1	With which one of the following statements concerning possible explanations for the latitudinal gradient in number of species would the author be most likely to agree?
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_21	[ "Although they disagree about the degree to which economic motives influenced Britain's abolition of slavery, Drescher and Eltis both concede that moral persuasion by abolitionists was a significant factor.", "Although both Drescher and Eltis have questioned Williams' analysis of the motivation behind Britain's a...	1	Which one of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_22	[ "support the claim that British traditions of liberty were not as strong as Drescher believed them to be", "support the contention that a strong labor force was important to Britain's economy", "emphasize the importance of slavery as an institution in preindustrial Britain", "indicate that the laboring classe...	0	It can be inferred that Eltis cites the views of "certain notables" (line 35) in order to
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_23	[ "British populism appealed to people of varied classes, parties, and religions.", "Both capitalists and workers in Britain accepted the moral precepts of abolitionists.", "Forced labor in the colonies could not produce enough goods to satisfy British consumers.", "The operation of colonies based on forced lab...	3	Which one of the following best states Williams' view of the primary reason for Britain's abolition of the slave trade and the emancipation of slaves in its colonies?
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_24	[ "protect laborers against unscrupulous employment practices", "counter the move to enslave unemployed laborers", "ensure a cheap and productive work force", "ensure that the work force experienced no unemployment", "ensure that products produced in British colonies employing forced labor could compete effec...	2	According to Eltis, low wages and Draconian vagrancy laws in Britain in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were intended to
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_25	[ "accurately stated", "somewhat unrealistic", "carefully researched", "unnecessarily tentative", "superficially convincing" ]	1	It can be inferred that the author of the passage views Drescher's presentation of British traditions concerning liberty as
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_26	[ "people of all classes in Britain supported the abolition of slavery", "the motives behind Britain's abolition of slavery were primarily economic", "the moral vision of abolitionists played a vital part in Britain's abolition of slavery", "British traditions of liberty have been idealized by historians", "B...	0	The information in the passage suggests that Eltis and Drescher agree that
Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic rather than humanitarian motives. Blighted by depleted soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency of coerced labor, ...	199606_3-RC_4_27	[ "Popular support for antislavery measures existed in Britain in the early nineteenth century.", "In the early nineteenth century, colonies that employed forced labor were still economically viable.", "British views concerning personal liberty motivated nineteenth-century British opposition to slavery.", "Wide...	2	According to the passage, Eltis argues against which one of the following contentions?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_1	[ "Because the career of Miles Davis was characterized by frequent shifts in styles, he never fulfilled his musical potential.", "Because the career of Miles Davis does not fit neatly into their preconceptions about the life and music of jazz musicians, jazz critics have not accorded him the appreciation he deserve...	1	Which one of the following best states the main point of the passage?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_2	[ "It was popularized by Miles Davis.", "It was characterized by a unified and integrated sound.", "It was played primarily by large ensembles.", "It introduced a wide variety of chord change patterns.", "It grew out of innovations developed in New York City." ]	4	According to the passage, which one of the following is true of the "West Coast cool" jazz style?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_3	[ "It was characterized by rapid tempos and an emphasis on solo playing.", "It equally balanced ensemble and solo playing.", "It was a reaction against more restrictive jazz styles.", "It is regarded by purist jazz critics as the only authentic jazz style.", "It was played primarily in New York City jazz club...	0	The passage suggests which one of the following about the kind of jazz played by Miles Davis prior to l948?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_4	[ "uneasy ambivalence", "cautious neutrality", "grudging respect", "moderate commendation", "appreciative advocacy" ]	4	Which one of the following best describes the author's attitude toward Miles Davis's music?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_5	[ "The producer of a television comedy show suggests a setting and general topic for a comedy sketch and then lets the comedians write their own script.", "An actor digresses from the written script and improvises during a monologue in order to introduce a feeling of spontaneity to the performance.", "A conductor...	3	Which one of the following creative processes is most similar to Miles Davis's typical studio procedure of the late 1960s, as described in the fourth paragraph of the passage?
The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.Yet his genius has never received its due. The impatience and artistic restlessness that characterized his work spawned one stylistic turn after another and made Davis anathema to many critics, who deplored hi...	199610_2-RC_1_6	[ "Many jazz musicians who specialize in improvisational playing are greatly admired by jazz critics.", "Many jazz musicians whose careers have been characterized by several radical changes in style are greatly admired by jazz critics.", "Several jazz musicians who perform exclusively on electronic instruments ar...	1	Which one of the following, if true, would most undermine the author's explanation for the way Miles Davis is regarded by jazz critics?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_7	[ "Professional organizations of medieval canon lawyers probably only enforced ethical standards among their own members when provoked to do so by outside criticisms.", "Professional organizations of medieval civil lawyers seem to have maintained stricter ethical standards for their own members than did professiona...	2	Which one of the following best states the main conclusion of the passage?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_8	[ "Some English lawyers who practiced in civil courts also practiced in church courts, but others served exclusively in one court or the other.", "English canon lawyers were more likely to initiate disciplinary proceedings against their colleagues than were English civil lawyers.", "English civil lawyers maintain...	0	According to the passage, which one of the following statements about law courts in medieval England is true?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_9	[ "introduce a theory about to be promoted", "illustrate the type of action referred to in the previous sentence", "underline the universality of a method discussed throughout the paragraph", "point out a flaw in an argument presented earlier in the paragraph", "rebut an anticipated objection to a thesis just...	1	The author refers to the Florentine guild of lawyers in the first paragraph most probably in order to
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_10	[ "provide an example of the type of action needed to establish professional standards for canon lawyers", "contrast the reactions of English church authorities with the reactions of other bodies to violations of professional standards by canon lawyers", "bolster the argument that violations of professional stand...	2	The author refers to the Council of Basel (line 47) primarily in order to
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_11	[ "betraying a client's secrets to the opposing party", "bribing the judge to rule in favor of a client", "misrepresenting credentials in order to gain admission to the lawyers' guild", "spreading rumors in order to discredit an opposing lawyer", "knowingly helping a client to misrepresent the truth" ]	0	According to the information in the passage, for which one of the following ethical violations would documentation of disciplinary action against a canon lawyer be most likely to exist?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_12	[ "Members of a teachers' union go on strike when they believe one of their colleagues to be falsely accused of using an inappropriate textbook.", "In order to protect the reputation of the press in the face of a largely hostile public, a journalist conceals distortions in a colleague's news article.", "Several d...	1	Which one of the following is most analogous to the "professional solidarity" referred to in lines 56–57?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_13	[ "Few guilds of any importance existed before the mid-fourteenth century.", "Many medieval guilds exercised influence over the actions of their members.", "Most medieval guilds maintained more exacting ethical standards than did the associations of canon lawyers.", "Medieval guilds found it difficult to enforc...	1	The passage suggests that which one of the following is most likely to have been true of medieval guilds?
By the mid-fourteenth century, professional associations of canon lawyers (legal advocates in Christian ecclesiastical courts, which dealt with cases involving marriage, inheritance, and other issues) had appeared in most of Western Europe, and a body of professional standards had been defined for them. One might expec...	199610_2-RC_2_14	[ "It is untrue because it is contradicted by documents obtained from the ecclesiastical courts", "It is unlikely because it describes behavior markedly different from behavior observed in the same situation in modern society.", "It is unlikely because it describes behavior markedly different from behavior observ...	2	The author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following regarding the hypothesis that medieval canon lawyers observed standards of professional conduct scrupulously?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_15	[ "enabling it to attract a mate of high status", "allowing it to avoid costly aggressive interactions", "decreasing its access to limited resources", "making it less attractive to predatory species", "increasing its fighting ability" ]	1	According to the passage, the status signaling hypothesis holds that the ability to display a recognizable external signal would have the effect on an individual bird of
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_16	[ "support the conclusion that plumage variation among Harris sparrows probably does not signal individual status", "argue that plumage variation among Harris sparrows helps to confirm the status signaling hypothesis", "indicate that in light of plumage variation patterns among Harris sparrows, the status signali...	0	The author refers to the fact that adult Harris sparrows are usually dark throated (lines 31-32), in order to do which one of the following?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_17	[ "The live birds all came from different titmouse flocks.", "The physical characteristics of the stuffed dummies varied in ways other than just breast-stripe width.", "No live juvenile birds were included in the experiment.", "The food placed in the feeding tray was not the kind of food normally eaten by titmi...	1	Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the validity of the results of the experiment discussed in the last paragraph?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_18	[ "A hypothesis is introduced and studies relevant to the hypothesis are discussed and evaluated.", "A natural phenomenon is presented and several explanations for the phenomenon are examined in detail.", "Behavior is described, possible underlying causes for the behavior are reported and the likelihood of each c...	0	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_19	[ "Although his research was designed to test the SSH, his data proved to be more relevant to other issues.", "He set out to confirm the SSH, but ended up revising it.", "He set out to disprove the SSH, but ended up accepting it.", "He altered the SSH by expanding it to encompass various types of signals.", "...	4	According to the passage, which one of the following is true of Rohwer's relationship to the status signaling hypothesis (SSH)?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_20	[ "dark throat plumage", "greater-than-average body weight", "offspring of high status", "strong fighting ability", "frequent injuries" ]	3	The passage suggests that among birds that form flocks, a bird of high status is most likely to have which one of the following?
Many birds that form flocks compete through aggressive interaction for priority of access to resources such as food and shelter. The result of repeated interactions between flock members is that each bird gains a particular social status related to its fighting ability, with priority of access to resources increasing w...	199610_2-RC_3_21	[ "Among Harris sparrows, plumage differences signal individual status only within age groups.", "Among Harris sparrows, adults have priority of access to food over juveniles.", "Among Harris sparrows, juveniles with relatively dark plumage have status equal to that of adults with relatively light plumage.", "J...	1	Which one of the following can be inferred about Harris sparrows from the passage?
In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe attempts to solve the mystery of the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization. Lowe bases his study on a detailed examination of the known archaeological record. Like previous investigators, Lowe relies on dated monuments to construct a step-by-step account of the actual colla...	199610_2-RC_4_22	[ "A method used to analyze evidence is described, an explanation of the evidence is suggested, and then a conclusion is drawn from the evidence.", "A hypothesis is presented, evidence supporting the hypothesis is provided, and then the hypothesis is affirmed.", "An analysis of a study is presented, contradictory...	3	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe attempts to solve the mystery of the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization. Lowe bases his study on a detailed examination of the known archaeological record. Like previous investigators, Lowe relies on dated monuments to construct a step-by-step account of the actual colla...	199610_2-RC_4_23	[ "In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe successfully proves that the collapse of Classic Mayan civilization was set in motion by increasing population and decreasing productivity.", "In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe breaks new ground in solving the mystery of the collapse of Classic Mayan civilization t...	4	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe attempts to solve the mystery of the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization. Lowe bases his study on a detailed examination of the known archaeological record. Like previous investigators, Lowe relies on dated monuments to construct a step-by-step account of the actual colla...	199610_2-RC_4_24	[ "A person assumes that the shortage of fresh produce on the shelves of a grocery store is due to the effects of poor weather conditions during the growing season.", "A person assumes that a movie theater only shows foreign films because the titles of the films shown there are not familiar to the person.", "A pe...	4	Which one of the following is most closely analogous to the assumption Lowe makes about the relationship between monument construction and Classic Mayan cities?
In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe attempts to solve the mystery of the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization. Lowe bases his study on a detailed examination of the known archaeological record. Like previous investigators, Lowe relies on dated monuments to construct a step-by-step account of the actual colla...	199610_2-RC_4_25	[ "daringly innovative but flawed", "generally accepted but questionable", "very reliable but outdated", "unscientific but effective", "unconventional but brilliant" ]	1	It can be inferred from the passage that the author would describe the method Lowe used to construct a step-by-step chronology of the actual collapse of Classic Mayan civilization as
In The Dynamics of Apocalypse, John Lowe attempts to solve the mystery of the collapse of the Classic Mayan civilization. Lowe bases his study on a detailed examination of the known archaeological record. Like previous investigators, Lowe relies on dated monuments to construct a step-by-step account of the actual colla...	199610_2-RC_4_26	[ "With careful analysis, archaeological evidence can be used to reconstruct accurately the historic activity of a past civilization.", "Archaeological evidence is more useful for reconstructing the day-to-day activities of a culture than its long-term trends.", "The accuracy of the archaeological record for reco...	4	The author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the following statements about the use of the archaeological record to reconstruct historic activity?
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_1	[ "Temperley has recently called into question the designation of a group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders as the London Pianoforte school.", "Temperley's anthology of the music of the London Pianoforte school contributes significantly to an understanding of an influential period in the ...	1	Which one of the following most accurately states the author's main point?
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_2	[ "The nocturnes of John Field typify the London Pianoforte school style.", "The Gradus ad Parnassum of Muzio Clementi is the best-known work of these composers.", "No original scores for this music are extant.", "Prior to Temperley's edition, no attempts to issue new editions of this music had been made.", "...	4	It can be inferred that which one of the following is true of the piano music of the London Pianoforte school?
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_3	[ "works by composers of the London Pianoforte school that have been preserved in rigorous scholarly editions", "works that are no longer remembered by most people", "works acclaimed by the leaders of the London Pianoforte school", "works by composers of the London Pianoforte school that are relatively well kno...	3	The author mentions the sonatas of Muzio Clementi and the nocturnes of John Field as examples of which one of the following?
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_4	[ "Musicians in Austria composed innovative music for the Broadwood piano as soon as the instrument became available.", "Clementi and his followers produced most of their compositions between 1790 and 1810.", "The influence of Continental musicians is apparent in some of the works of Beethoven.", "The pianist-c...	0	Which one of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine a portion of Ringer's argument as the argument is described in the passage?
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_5	[ "enticements offered musicians by instrument manufacturers", "improvements in the structure of a particular instrument", "innovations in the forms of music produced for a particular instrument", "stylistic elaborations made possible by changes in a particular instrument", "changes in musicians' opinions abo...	1	It can be inferred that the author uses the word "advances" (line 49) to refer to
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_6	[ "cast doubt on the usefulness of Temperley's study of the London Pianoforte school", "introduce a discussion of the coherency of the London Pianoforte school", "summarize Ringer's argument about the London Pianoforte school", "emphasize the complex nature of the musicological elements shared by members of the...	1	It can be inferred from the passage as a whole that the author's purpose in the third paragraph is primarily to
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_7	[ "explaining the influence of the development of the pianoforte on the music of Beethoven", "describing Temperley's view of the contrast between the development of piano music in England and the development of piano music elsewhere in Europe", "presenting Temperley's evaluation of the impact of changes in piano ...	4	The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
Musicologists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London at the turn of the nineteenth century, have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this ...	199612_4-RC_1_8	[ "a group of pianist-composers who shared certain stylistic principles and artistic creeds", "a group of people who contributed to the development of piano music between 1766 and 1873", "a group of composers who influenced the music of Beethoven in the decades just before and just after 1800", "a series of com...	1	It can be inferred that Temperley's anthology treats the London Pianoforte school as
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_9	[ "Within the last few decades, a number of novel approaches to jurisprudence have defined the nature of the law in diverse ways.", "Within the last few decades, changes in society and in the number and type of cases brought to court have necessitated new methods of interpreting the law.", "Of the many interdisci...	0	Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_10	[ "political statements", "arcane statements", "economic statements", "artistic performances", "acts of translation" ]	1	According to the passage, judicial opinions have been described as each of the following EXCEPT:
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_11	[ "Laws governing the succession of power at the death of a head of state represent a synthesis of legal precedents, specific situations, and the values of lawmakers.", "Laws allowing income tax deductions for charitable contributions, though ostensibly passed by lawmakers, were devised by and are perpetuated by th...	1	Which one of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the Critical Legal Studies movement as that movement is described in the passage?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_12	[ "Both offer explanations of how elites maintain their hold on power.", "Both are logical extensions of either natural law or legal positivism.", "Both see economic and political primacy as the basis of all legitimate power.", "Both rely on disciplines not traditionally connected with the study of law.", "Bo...	3	Which one of the following does the passage mention as a similarity between the Critical Legal Studies movement and the Law and Literature movement?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_13	[ "It was concerned primarily with codifying and maintaining the privileges of elites.", "It rejected theories that interpreted law as an expression of a group's power.", "It seldom focused on how and by what authority judges arrived at opinions.", "It was concerned primarily with the study of law as an economi...	4	Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage about the academic study of jurisprudence before the 1970s?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_14	[ "The once-stable relationship between law and opinion-writing has been undermined by new and radical theoretical developments.", "Only the most politically conservative of judges continue to base their opinions on natural law or on legal positivism.", "The occurrence of different legal situations requires a jud...	3	Proponents of the Law and Literature movement would most likely agree with which one of the following statements concerning the relationship between the law and judges' written opinions?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_15	[ "categorize and rephrase", "investigate and summarize", "interpret and refashion", "paraphrase and announce", "negotiate and synthesize" ]	2	Which one of the following phrases best describes the meaning of "re-constitute" as that word is used in line 54 of the passage?
What is "law" ? By what processes do judges arrive at opinions, those documents that justify their belief that the "law" dictates a conclusion one way or the other? These are among the oldest questions in jurisprudence, debate about which has traditionally been dominated by representatives of two schools of thought: pr...	199612_4-RC_2_16	[ "identify differing approaches", "discount a novel trend", "advocate traditional methods", "correct misinterpretations", "reconcile seeming inconsistencies" ]	0	The primary purpose of the passage is to
Since the early 1920s, most petroleum geologists have favored a biogenic theory for the formation of oil. According to this theory, organic matter became buried in sediments, and subsequent conditions of temperature and pressure over time transformed it into oil. Since 1979 an opposing abiogenic theory about the origin...	199612_4-RC_3_17	[ "Although the new abiogenic theory about the origin of oil is derived from the conventional biogenic theory, it suggests new types of locations for oil drilling.", "The small number of drilling companies that have responded to the new abiogenic theory about the origin of oil reflects the minimal level of acceptan...	3	Which one of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Since the early 1920s, most petroleum geologists have favored a biogenic theory for the formation of oil. According to this theory, organic matter became buried in sediments, and subsequent conditions of temperature and pressure over time transformed it into oil. Since 1979 an opposing abiogenic theory about the origin...	199612_4-RC_3_18	[ "It presents a view opposed to a theory and points out an internal contradiction in that opposing view.", "It describes a criticism of a theory and provides countervailing evidence to the criticism.", "It identifies a conflict between two views of a theory and revises both views.", "It explains an argument ag...	1	Which one of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph?
Since the early 1920s, most petroleum geologists have favored a biogenic theory for the formation of oil. According to this theory, organic matter became buried in sediments, and subsequent conditions of temperature and pressure over time transformed it into oil. Since 1979 an opposing abiogenic theory about the origin...	199612_4-RC_3_19	[ "The formation of oil does not involve the condensation of hydrocarbons released from the earth's mantle.", "Large oil reserves are often found in locations that contain small amounts of organic matter.", "The eruptive processes by which diamonds are brought to the earth's surface are similar to those that aid ...	0	The passage suggests that the opponents of the abiogenic theory mentioned in the third paragraph would most probably agree with which one of the following statements?
Since the early 1920s, most petroleum geologists have favored a biogenic theory for the formation of oil. According to this theory, organic matter became buried in sediments, and subsequent conditions of temperature and pressure over time transformed it into oil. Since 1979 an opposing abiogenic theory about the origin...	199612_4-RC_3_20	[ "A new theory about the annual cycles of breeding and migration of the monarch butterfly has led scientists to look for similar patterns in other butterfly species.", "A new theory about the stage at which a star collapses into a black hole has led astronomers to search for evidence of black holes in parts of the...	1	Which one of the following is most analogous to the situation described in the final paragraph?
Since the early 1920s, most petroleum geologists have favored a biogenic theory for the formation of oil. According to this theory, organic matter became buried in sediments, and subsequent conditions of temperature and pressure over time transformed it into oil. Since 1979 an opposing abiogenic theory about the origin...	199612_4-RC_3_21	[ "It was formed from magma.", "It does not contain organic sediments.", "Its ring shape existed 500 million years ago.", "Methane gas has been detected rising through it.", "It was shaped from the granite that makes up the base of the continental crust." ]	2	According to the passage, all of the following are true of the Siljan Ring EXCEPT:
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_22	[ "Tollefson's focus on the economic and cultural factors involved in adjusting to a new country offers a significant departure from most studies of Southeast Asian immigration.", "In his analysis of educational programs for Southeast Asian immigrants, Tollefson fails to acknowledge many of the positive effects the...	2	Which one of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_23	[ "Although the programs offer adequate job training, they offer inadequate English training.", "Some of the programs' attempts to improve the earning power of the immigrants cut them off from potential sources of income.", "Inclusion of the history of immigration in the United States in the programs' curricula f...	1	With which one of the following statements concerning the educational programs of the immigration centers would Tollefson most probably agree?
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_24	[ "thorough but misguided", "innovative but incomplete", "novel but contradictory", "illuminating but unappreciated", "well documented but unoriginal" ]	1	Which one of the following best describes the opinion of the author of the passage with respect to Tollefson's work?
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_25	[ "There is a set of values and behaviors that, if adopted by immigrants, facilitate adjustment to United States society.", "When recent immigrants are self-supporting rather than supported by public assistance, they tend to gain English proficiency more quickly.", "Immediate employment tends to undermine the imm...	0	The passage suggests that which one of the following is an assumption underlying the educational approach in immigrant processing centers?
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_26	[ "It provides the scholarly context for Tollefson's study and a description of his methodology.", "It compares Tollefson's study to other works and presents the main argument of his study.", "It compares the types of documents Tollefson uses to those used in other studies.", "It presents the accepted theory on...	0	Which one of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph of the passage?
Most studies of recent Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States have focused on their adjustment to life in their adopted country and on the effects of leaving their homelands. James Tollefson's Alien Winds examines the resettlement process from a different perspective by investigating the educational programs o...	199612_4-RC_4_27	[ "criticize Tollefson's decision to combine a description of the bureaucracies with suggestions for improvement", "emphasize the author's disappointment in Tollefson's overly general recommendations for improvements to the programs", "point out the irony of Tollefson concluding his study with suggestions for dra...	1	The author of the passage refers to Tollefson's descriptions of the bureaucratic nature of the immigrant educational programs in the fourth paragraph most probably in order to
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_1	[ "criticizing and dismissing a traditional theory", "describing and evaluating recent research", "reconciling two explanations for the same phenomenon", "refuting a recent hypothesis", "summarizing information about an unusual phenomenon" ]	1	The passage is primarily concerned with
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_2	[ "Medieval accounts of childhood tend to emphasize the piety of their subjects.", "Medieval accounts of saints' lives focus on stories of miracles rather than on the childhood of their subjects.", "Medical and theological writings provide scant evidence of parental concern for children.", "In medieval text ill...	4	The passage supports which one of the following statements about the treatment of childhood in medieval documents?
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_3	[ "It presents important evidence that a traditional theory has failed to take into account.", "It describes the historical sources that have been the focus of a recent debate.", "It describes an argument that will be challenged by evidence provided in the passage.", "It describes a puzzling historical phenomen...	2	Which one of the following best describes the function of the first paragraph of the passage?

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