Split (3)

train · 1.83k rows

context stringclasses 269 values	id_string stringlengths 15 16	answers listlengths 5 5	label int64 0 4	question stringlengths 34 417
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_4	[ "compare perceptions of childhood in the Middle Ages with perceptions of childhood in the postmedieval period", "suggest that Shahar was unaware of important social norms in medieval communities", "show how Shahar supports her argument about the conception of childhood in the Middle Ages", "suggest that class...	2	In the third paragraph, the author mentions the period in childhood from ages 7 to 11 most likely in order to
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_5	[ "Medieval documents contain stories of children, seemingly stillborn, who were miraculously restored to life by the intercession of saints.", "The children of peasants remained at home in the later stages of childhood, gradually taking on more serious tasks until the time came for marriage.", "Impoverished pare...	3	Which one of the following, if true, would provide the LEAST support for Shahar's arguments as they are described in the passage?
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_6	[ "Parents in the Middle Ages felt indifferent toward their children.", "Conceptions of childhood and the family changed in the postmedieval period as a result of the growing influence of the middle classes.", "The ideal of the family as a powerful and private institution developed in the Middle Ages.", "People...	2	It can be inferred from the passage that Ariès would be likely to agree with all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_7	[ "Did parents feel affection for their children in spite of the fact that many infants were unlikely to survive?", "How did social norms influence parents' decisions about their children's futures?", "How did the changing perception of the family in the Middle Ages affect the perception of childhood?", "Were p...	2	Shahar's work as it is described in the passage does NOT provide an answer to which one of the following questions?
Historian Philippe Ariès claimed that in medieval Europe childhood was not viewed as a distinct period in human development, with a special character and needs. His argument for this thesis relied heavily on medieval text illustrations, which distinguish children from adults principally by their stature, rather than by...	199702_2-RC_1_8	[ "Shahar's research challenges some of Ariès' arguments, but it does not refute his central position.", "Shahar's research is provocative, but it does not add anything to Ariès' arguments.", "Shahar's research effectively refutes Ariès' central position and presents a new interpretation of childhood and the fami...	0	The author would most likely agree with which one of the following statements about Shahar's research in relation to Ariès' theories about childhood in the Middle Ages?
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_9	[ "Approaching the problem of greenhouse warming with a \"no regrets\" policy encourages government agencies to implement affordable but most likely ineffective measures.", "Inconclusive data concerning the rise in global temperature over the next half century suggests that politicians should wait until all uncerta...	3	Which one of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_10	[ "a natural climatic variation", "an increase in solar reradiation", "a 20 percent decrease in atmospheric CO from current levels", "a decrease in trace gases in the atmosphere", "the replacement of fossil-fuel energy with solar energy" ]	0	The passage suggests that a rise in global temperature over the next half century, if it occurs, could result from
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_11	[ "A scientific problem is described, discrepancies among proposed solutions to it are evaluated, and a course of action is recommended.", "A scientific dispute is discussed and the case for one side is made, taking into account its political repercussions.", "A phenomenon is described, different views of its eff...	2	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_12	[ "show how differing views on the extent of the rise in global temperature can be resolved", "argue that any warming detected over the past century has most likely been the result of a natural climatic fluctuation", "argue against the prevailing view that the amount of atmospheric CO has increased by about 20 pe...	4	The author refers to the meteorological data gathered in North America over the past century in order to
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_13	[ "The most effective measures that could be undertaken to reverse greenhouse warming are not necessarily the most costly.", "Costly measures necessary to combat greenhouse warming should be undertaken only when the rise in temperature begins to exceed human beings' capacity to adapt to such an increase.", "Given...	2	It can be inferred that the author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the following statements about a response to global warming?
Increases in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO ) and other trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere can contribute to what has been called greenhouse warming,because those compounds allow the Sun's energy to reach the surface of the Earth, thereby warming it,but prevent much of that energy from being reradiated to outer sp...	199702_2-RC_2_14	[ "In response to uncertain predictions regarding the likelihood that an asteroid will collide with Earth, the government has decided to fund an inexpensive but scientifically valuable program to track asteroids and to determine whether more costly measures are warranted.", "Although scientists have not pinpointed ...	0	Which one of the following is most analogous to the course of action recommended in the last paragraph?
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_15	[ "coalitions among various social classes began to be established in order to promote common legislative goals", "legislators began to treat workers as members of a social class rather than as individuals when drafting labor legislation", "the competing interests of the various social classes were commonly harmo...	4	It can be inferred from the passage that by "age of collectivism" (line 7) the author means a period in which
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_16	[ "The former would represent such laws as the gradual outgrowth of a general shift in societal ideas; the latter would represent such laws as hard-won reforms that were resisted by powerful elites.", "The former would analyze the philosophical underpinnings of arguments in favor of such laws; the latter would dism...	0	The passage suggests that histories of nineteenth-century British protective labor laws written by liberal legal historians would be most likely to differ from those written by labor historians in which one of the following ways?
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_17	[ "minimized the contribution of enlightened members of the middle class to the passage of such laws", "ignored the philosophical shift in women's perceptions of the state's role that preceded these laws", "overlooked the disadvantages such laws may have presented for nineteenth-century working-class women", "m...	2	It can be inferred from the passage that feminist historians believe that one inadequacy of most labor historians' studies of nineteenth-century feminist opposition to protective labor legislation for women was that the studies
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_18	[ "The feminists felt that society would not benefit from such laws until such laws were drafted to include everyone who worked.", "The feminists feared such support would undermine their arguments in favor of women's suffrage.", "The feminists were unaware of the contributions such laws could make to improving t...	1	The author implies that liberal legal historians believe that British feminists withheld support from laws restricting women's working hours for which one of the following reasons?
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_19	[ "dismissed philosophical arguments deriving from concepts of individual liberty that ignore class", "tended to limit their arguments to those that can be used to promote the interests of the working classes", "were willing to equate gender and class by according women the status of a separate class within socie...	3	The author's characterization of the views of labor historians as "class-based" (line 53) most strongly suggests that such historians
There are two especially influential interpretations of nineteenth-century British feminists' opposition to efforts to restrict women's hours of work:that of liberal legal historians on the one hand and that of labor historians on the other. For legal historians, the nineteenth century was an "age of collectivism," in ...	199702_2-RC_3_20	[ "Feminist support for such laws and policies could be construed as evidence of philosophical inconsistency, given feminist arguments in favor of women's suffrage.", "Such laws and policies were often intended primarily to promote the interests of male workers or the British government rather than the interests of...	1	According to the passage, studies by feminist historians suggest that British feminists opposed both nineteenth-century protective labor laws for women and government labor policies primarily for which one of the following reasons?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_21	[ "It discusses the black experience as it is revealed in the works of African Hispanic writers exclusively.", "It considers diverse views about black people found in the works of both black and non-black writers.", "It examines the representation of black identity in almost two centuries of Spanish American lite...	1	According to the passage, which one of the following is true of Jackson's earlier study of African Hispanic literature?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_22	[ "Several nineteenth-century authors whose novels Jackson presents as reflecting the black experience in Latin America have been discovered to have lived in the United States before moving to Central America.", "Luis Palés Matos, Emilio Ballagas, and several other Hispanic poets of the Negrista movement have been ...	4	Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine Jackson's use of ethnicity as a basis for critical judgment of African Hispanic literature?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_23	[ "A point of view is described and then placed in context by being compared with an opposing view.", "A point of view is stated, and contradictory examples are cited to invalidate it.", "A point of view is explained, related to the views of others, and then dismissed as untenable.", "A point of view is cited a...	0	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_24	[ "They contain depictions of black people that are less realistic than those in the works of non-black poets.", "They show greater attention to certain social ills than do poems by his contemporaries.", "They demonstrate that Guillén was a leading force in the founding of the Negrista movement.", "They are bas...	1	According to the passage, which one of the following is true of some of Nicolás Guillén's poems from the 1920s?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_25	[ "Validating only the representations of African Hispanic consciousness found in works written by black writers is a flawed approach because many of the most convincing portraits of any racial group are produced by outsiders.", "African Hispanic writers, because of their personal experience with African Hispanic c...	2	It can be inferred that the author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the following statements concerning an author's capacity to depict the African Hispanic experience?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_26	[ "Paintings by ethnic Hungarians and by foreigners living in Hungary should comprise the major focus of the study.", "Paintings by ethnic Hungarians and the aspects of those paintings that make their style unique should provide the central basis for the study.", "Paintings by Hungarians and non-Hungarians that a...	1	Which one of the following approaches to a study of Hungarian identity in painting is most analogous to the North American approach to African Hispanic literature?
Richard L. Jackson's most recent book, Black Writers in Latin America, continues the task of his previous project, The Black Image in Latin American Literature. But whereas the earlier work examined ethnic themes in the writings of both black and non-black authors, the new study examines only black writers living in La...	199702_2-RC_4_27	[ "A central feature of Jackson's approach to African Hispanic literature, shared by some other critics, can be shown to have significant weaknesses.", "Jackson's reliance on the Latin American perspective of racial blending and integration in his analysis of African Hispanic literature leads him to make at least o...	0	Which one of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_1	[ "The doctrines of Marxist ideology and Mexican nationalism heavily influenced Mexican painters of Kahlo's generation.", "Kahlo's paintings contain numerous references to the Aztecs as an indigenous Mexican people predating European influence.", "An important element of Kahlo's work is conveyed by symbols that r...	2	Which one of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_2	[ "The psychoanalytic interpretations of Kahlo's work tend to challenge the political interpretations.", "Political and psychoanalytic interpretations are complementary approaches to Kahlo's work.", "Recent political interpretations of Kahlo' s work are causing psychoanalytic critics to revise their own interpret...	1	With which one of the following statements concerning psychoanalytic and political interpretations of Kahlo's work would the author be most likely to agree?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_3	[ "opposition to United States involvement in internal Mexican affairs", "desire to decrease emigration of the Mexican labor force to the United States", "desire to improve Mexico's economic competitiveness with the United States", "reluctance to imitate the United States model of rapid industrialization", "a...	0	Which one of the following stances toward the United States does the passage mention as characterizing Mexican nationalists in the early twentieth century?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_4	[ "dreamy and escapist", "nostalgic and idealistic", "fanciful and imaginative", "transcendental and impractical", "overwrought and sentimental" ]	1	In the context of the passage, which one of the following phrases could best be substituted for the word "romantic" (line 24) without substantially changing the author's meaning?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_5	[ "skeleton", "sculpture", "serpent", "skull", "bleeding heart" ]	2	The passage mentions each of the following as an Aztec symbol or image found in Kahlo's paintings EXCEPT a
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_6	[ "contrast of opposing ideas", "reconciliation of conflicting concepts", "interrelation of complementary themes", "explication of a principle's implications", "support for a generalization by means of an example" ]	4	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the third paragraph?
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_7	[ "enthusiastic", "condemnatory", "cautious", "noncommittal", "uncertain" ]	2	The passage implies that Kahlo's attitude toward the economic development of Mexico was
Painter Frida Kahlo (1910–1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political cont...	199706_1-RC_1_8	[ "critique an artist's style", "evaluate opposing theories", "reconcile conflicting arguments", "advocate an additional interpretation", "reconsider an artist in light of new discoveries" ]	3	The main purpose of the passage is to
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_9	[ "Some legal scholars have sought to empower people historically excluded from traditional legal discourse by instructing them in the forms of discourse favored by legal insiders.", "Some legal scholars have begun to realize the social harm caused by the adversarial atmosphere that has pervaded many legal systems ...	2	Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_10	[ "They have long assumed the possibility of a neutral depiction of events.", "They have generally remained unskewed by particular points of view.", "Their discursive practices have yet to be analyzed by legal scholars.", "They accord a privileged position to the language of emotion and experience.", "The acc...	0	According to the passage, which one of the following is true about the intellectual systems mentioned in line 11?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_11	[ "logical thinking uninfluenced by passion", "the interpretation of visual cues", "human thought that encompasses all emotion and experience", "the reasoning actually employed by judges to arrive at legal judgments", "sudden insights inspired by the power of personal stories" ]	0	Which one of the following best describes the sense of "cognition" referred to in line 43 of the passage?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_12	[ "incorporating into the law the latest developments in the fields of psychology and philosophy", "eradicating from legal judgments discourse with a particular point of view", "granting all participants in legal proceedings equal access to training in the forms and manipulation of legal discourse", "making the...	3	It can be inferred from the passage that Williams' Bell, and Matsuda believe which one of the following to be a central component of legal reform?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_13	[ "strongly opposed", "somewhat skeptical", "ambivalent", "strongly supportive", "unreservedly optimistic" ]	3	Which one of the following most accurately describes the author's attitude toward proposals to introduce personal stories into legal discourse?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_14	[ "Personal stories are more likely to adhere to the principles of objectivism than are other forms of discourse.", "Personal stories are more likely to de-emphasize differences in background and training than are traditional forms of legal discourse.", "Personal stories are more likely to restore tranquility to ...	1	The passage suggests that Williams, Bell, and Matsuda would most likely agree with which one of the following statements regarding personal stories?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_15	[ "In most Western societies' the legal establishment controls access to training in legal discourse.", "Expertise in legal discourse affords power in most Western societies.", "Legal discourse has become progressively more abstract for some centuries.", "Legal discourse has traditionally denied the existence o...	1	Which one of the following statements about legal discourse in legal systems based on objectivism can be inferred from the passage?
In recent years, a growing belief that the way society decides what to treat as true is controlled through largely unrecognized discursive practices has led legal reformers to examine the complex interconnections between narrative and law. In many legal systems, legal judgments are based on competing stories about even...	199706_1-RC_2_16	[ "a hunt for an imaginary animal", "the search for a valuable mineral among worthless stones", "the painstaking assembly of a jigsaw puzzle", "comparing an apple with an orange", "the scientific analysis of a chemical compound" ]	0	Those who reject objectivism would regard "the law's quest for truth" (lines 15–16) as most similar to which one of the following?
Many people complain about corporations, but there are also those whose criticism goes further and who hold corporations morally to blame for many of the problems in Western society. Their criticism is not reserved solely for fraudulent or illegal business activities, but extends to the basic corporate practice of maki...	199706_1-RC_3_17	[ "Although CEOs may be legally obligated to maximize their corporations' profits, this obligation does not free them from the moral responsibility of considering the implications of the corporations' actions for the public good.", "Although morality is not easily ascribed to nonhuman entities, corporations can be ...	0	Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?
Many people complain about corporations, but there are also those whose criticism goes further and who hold corporations morally to blame for many of the problems in Western society. Their criticism is not reserved solely for fraudulent or illegal business activities, but extends to the basic corporate practice of maki...	199706_1-RC_3_18	[ "offer an actual case of unethical corporate behavior", "refute the contention that maximization of profits necessarily benefits the public", "illustrate that ethical restrictions on corporations would be difficult to enforce", "demonstrate that corporations are responsible for many social ills", "deny that...	1	The discussion of the paper mill in lines 42–46 is intended primarily to
Many people complain about corporations, but there are also those whose criticism goes further and who hold corporations morally to blame for many of the problems in Western society. Their criticism is not reserved solely for fraudulent or illegal business activities, but extends to the basic corporate practice of maki...	199706_1-RC_3_19	[ "Even CEOs of charitable organizations are obligated to maximize profits.", "CEOs of owner-operated noncharitable corporations should make decisions based primarily on maximizing profits.", "Owner-operated noncharitable corporations are less likely to be profitable than other corporations.", "It is highly unl...	1	With which one of the following would the economists mentioned in the passage be most likely to agree?
Many people complain about corporations, but there are also those whose criticism goes further and who hold corporations morally to blame for many of the problems in Western society. Their criticism is not reserved solely for fraudulent or illegal business activities, but extends to the basic corporate practice of maki...	199706_1-RC_3_20	[ "What makes actions morally right is their contribution to the public good.", "An action is morally right if it carries the risk of personal penalty.", "Actions are morally right if they are not fraudulent or illegal.", "It is morally wrong to try to maximize one's personal benefit.", "Actions are not moral...	0	The conception of morality that underlies the author's argument in the passage is best expressed by which one of the following principles?
Many people complain about corporations, but there are also those whose criticism goes further and who hold corporations morally to blame for many of the problems in Western society. Their criticism is not reserved solely for fraudulent or illegal business activities, but extends to the basic corporate practice of maki...	199706_1-RC_3_21	[ "illustrate a paradox", "argue for legal reform", "refute a claim", "explain a decision", "define a concept" ]	2	The primary purpose of the passage is to
What it means to "explain" something in science often comes down to the application of mathematics. Some thinkers hold that mathematics is a kind of language—a systematic contrivance of signs, the criteria for the authority of which are internal coherence, elegance, and depth. The application of such a highly artificia...	199706_1-RC_4_22	[ "Although scientists must rely on both language and mathematics in their pursuit of scientific knowledge, each is an imperfect tool for perceiving and interpreting aspects of the physical world.", "The acquisition of scientific knowledge depends on an agreement among scientists to accept some mathematical stateme...	3	Which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the passage's main point?
What it means to "explain" something in science often comes down to the application of mathematics. Some thinkers hold that mathematics is a kind of language—a systematic contrivance of signs, the criteria for the authority of which are internal coherence, elegance, and depth. The application of such a highly artificia...	199706_1-RC_4_23	[ "The categories of physical objects employed by one language correspond remarkably to the categories employed by another language that developed independently of the first.", "The categories of physical objects employed by one language correspond remarkably to the categories employed by another language that deri...	0	Which one of the following statements, if true, lends the most support to the view that language has an essential correspondence to the things it describes?
What it means to "explain" something in science often comes down to the application of mathematics. Some thinkers hold that mathematics is a kind of language—a systematic contrivance of signs, the criteria for the authority of which are internal coherence, elegance, and depth. The application of such a highly artificia...	199706_1-RC_4_24	[ "conveys meaning in the same way that metaphors do", "constitutes a systematic collection of signs", "corresponds exactly to aspects of physical phenomena", "confers explanatory power on scientific theories", "relies on previously agreed-upon conventions" ]	1	According to the passage, mathematics can be considered a language because it
What it means to "explain" something in science often comes down to the application of mathematics. Some thinkers hold that mathematics is a kind of language—a systematic contrivance of signs, the criteria for the authority of which are internal coherence, elegance, and depth. The application of such a highly artificia...	199706_1-RC_4_25	[ "offer support for the view of linguists who believe that language has an essential correspondence to things", "elaborate the position of linguists who believe that truth is merely a matter of convention", "illustrate the differences between the essentialist and conventionalist positions in the linguists' debat...	1	The primary purpose of the third paragraph is to
What it means to "explain" something in science often comes down to the application of mathematics. Some thinkers hold that mathematics is a kind of language—a systematic contrivance of signs, the criteria for the authority of which are internal coherence, elegance, and depth. The application of such a highly artificia...	199706_1-RC_4_26	[ "speakers of English have accepted that \"The ball is red\" applies to the particular physical relationship being described", "speakers of English do not accept that synonyms for \"ball\" and \"red\" express these concepts as elegantly", "\"The ball is red\" corresponds essentially to every aspect of the partic...	0	Based on the passage, linguists who subscribe to the theory described in lines 21–24 would hold that the statement "The ball is red" is true because
It has recently been discovered that many attributions of paintings to the seventeenth-century Dutch artist Rembrandt may be false. The contested paintings are not minor works, whose removal from the Rembrandt corpus would leave it relatively unaffected: they are at its very center. In her recent book, Svetlana Alpers ...	199710_4-RC_1_1	[ "Rembrandt differed from other artists of his time both in his aesthetic techniques and in his desire to meet the demands of the marketplace.", "The aesthetic qualities of Rembrandt's work cannot be understood without consideration of how economic motives pervaded decisions he made about his art.", "Rembrandt w...	3	Which one of the following best summarizes the main conclusion of the author of the passage?
It has recently been discovered that many attributions of paintings to the seventeenth-century Dutch artist Rembrandt may be false. The contested paintings are not minor works, whose removal from the Rembrandt corpus would leave it relatively unaffected: they are at its very center. In her recent book, Svetlana Alpers ...	199710_4-RC_1_2	[ "the degree of control Rembrandt exercised over the production of his art", "the role that Rembrandt played in organizing professional brotherhoods and academies", "the kinds of relationships Rembrandt had with his students", "the degree of Rembrandt's involvement in the patronage system", "the role of the ...	3	According to the passage, Alpers and Schwartz disagree about which one of the following?
It has recently been discovered that many attributions of paintings to the seventeenth-century Dutch artist Rembrandt may be false. The contested paintings are not minor works, whose removal from the Rembrandt corpus would leave it relatively unaffected: they are at its very center. In her recent book, Svetlana Alpers ...	199710_4-RC_1_3	[ "suggest that many critics have neglected to study the influence of the Haarlem school of painters on Rembrandt's work", "suggest that Claudius Civilis is similar in style to many paintings from the seventeenth century", "suggest that Rembrandt's style was not affected by the aesthetic influences that Alpers po...	4	In the third paragraph, the author of the passage discusses aesthetic influences on Rembrandt's work most probably in order to
It has recently been discovered that many attributions of paintings to the seventeenth-century Dutch artist Rembrandt may be false. The contested paintings are not minor works, whose removal from the Rembrandt corpus would leave it relatively unaffected: they are at its very center. In her recent book, Svetlana Alpers ...	199710_4-RC_1_4	[ "Rembrandt was constantly revising his prints and paintings because he was never fully satisfied with stylistic aspects of his earlier drafts.", "The works of many seventeenth-century Dutch artists were painted with broad strokes and had an unfinished look.", "Many of Rembrandt's contemporaries eschewed the pat...	3	Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for Alpers' argument about Claudius Civilis?
It has recently been discovered that many attributions of paintings to the seventeenth-century Dutch artist Rembrandt may be false. The contested paintings are not minor works, whose removal from the Rembrandt corpus would leave it relatively unaffected: they are at its very center. In her recent book, Svetlana Alpers ...	199710_4-RC_1_5	[ "Rembrandt made certain aesthetic decisions on the basis of what he understood about the demands of the marketplace.", "The Rembrandt corpus will not be affected if attributions of paintings to Rembrandt are found to be false.", "Stylistic aspects of Rembrandt's painting can be better explained in economic term...	0	It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Alpers would be most likely to agree on which one of the following?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_6	[ "The traditional view of medieval women as legally excluded from many public offices fails to consider thirteenth-century women in England who were exempted from such restrictions because of their wealth and social status.", "The economic independence of women in thirteenth-century England was primarily determine...	2	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_7	[ "The medieval role of landowner was less affected by thirteenth-century changes in law than these medievalists customarily have recognized.", "The realm of law labeled public by these medievalists ultimately had greater political implications than that labeled private.", "The amount of wealth controlled by medi...	4	With which one of the following statements about the views held by the medievalists mentioned in line 1 would the author of the passage most probably agree?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_8	[ "vacillation", "dominion", "predisposition", "inclination", "mediation" ]	1	Which one of the following most accurately expresses the meaning of the word "sway" as it is used in line 60 of the passage?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_9	[ "providing examples of specific historical events as support for the conclusion drawn in the third paragraph", "narrating a sequence of events whose outcome is discussed in the third paragraph", "explaining how circumstances described in the first paragraph could have occurred", "describing the effects of an ...	2	Which one of the following most accurately describes the function of the second paragraph of the passage?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_10	[ "the widow had been granted the customary amount of dower land and the eldest son inherited the rest of the land", "the widow had three daughters in addition to her eldest son", "the principle of primogeniture had been applied in transferring the lands owned by the widow's late husband", "none of the lands he...	4	According to information in the passage, a widow in early thirteenth-century England could control more land than did her eldest son if
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_11	[ "the legal statutes set forth by Magna Carta", "the rights a woman held over her inheritance during her marriage", "the customary division of duties between husbands and wives", "the absence of the woman's husband", "the terms specified by the woman's jointure agreement" ]	3	Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason why a married woman might have fulfilled certain duties associated with holding feudal land in thirteenth-century England?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_12	[ "It suggests that women in other countries also received grants of their husbands' lands.", "It identifies a particular code of law affecting women who were surviving daughters.", "It demonstrates that dower had greater legal importance in one European country than in others.", "It emphasizes that women in on...	0	The phrase "in England" (lines 30–31)does which one of the following?
Medievalists usually distinguished medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social status, and land transactions. Examination of medieval women's lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were ...	199710_4-RC_2_13	[ "explain a legal controversy of the past in light of modern theory", "evaluate the economic and legal status of a particular historical group", "resolve a scholarly debate about legal history", "trace the historical origins of a modern economic situation", "provide new evidence about a historical event" ]	1	The primary purpose of the passage is to
The debate over the environmental crisis is not new; anxiety about industry's impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and...	199710_4-RC_3_14	[ "Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment should motivate action to prevent further damage.", "The ecological mystique identified with Frederic Clements has become a religious conviction among ecological reformers.", "George P. Marsh's ideas about conservation and stewardship have heav...	3	Which one of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?
The debate over the environmental crisis is not new; anxiety about industry's impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and...	199710_4-RC_3_15	[ "underscore the fervor with which twentieth-century reformers adhere to the equilibrium model", "point out that the equilibrium model of ecology has recently been supported by empirical scientific research", "express appreciation for how plants and animals attain maximum diversity and stability when left alone"...	0	The author refers to the equilibrium model of ecology as an "ecological mystique" (lines 54–55) most likely in order to do which one of the following?
The debate over the environmental crisis is not new; anxiety about industry's impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and...	199710_4-RC_3_16	[ "introducing a species into an environment to which it is not native to help control the spread of another species that no longer has any natural predators", "developing incentives for industries to take corrective measures to protect the environment", "using scientific methods to increase the stability of plan...	4	Which one of the following practices is most clearly an application of Frederic Clements' equilibrium model of ecology?
The debate over the environmental crisis is not new; anxiety about industry's impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and...	199710_4-RC_3_17	[ "Regulating industries in order to protect the environment does not conflict with the self-interest of those industries.", "Solving the environmental crisis does not require drastic and costly remedies.", "Human despoliation of the Earth has caused widespread environmental damage.", "Environmental improvement...	2	The passage suggests that George P. Marsh and today's ecological reformers would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?
The debate over the environmental crisis is not new; anxiety about industry's impact on the environment has existed for over a century. What is new is the extreme polarization of views. Mounting evidence of humanity's capacity to damage the environment irreversibly coupled with suspicions that government, industry, and...	199710_4-RC_3_18	[ "providing examples of possible solutions to a current crisis", "explaining how conflicting viewpoints in a current debate are equally valid", "determining which of two conflicting viewpoints in a current debate is more persuasive", "outlining the background and development of conflicting viewpoints in a curr...	3	The passage is primarily concerned with which one of the following?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_19	[ "Fugita and O'Brien's study provides a comparison of the degree of involvement in ethnic community of different groups in the United States.", "Fugita and O'Brien's study describes the assimilation of three generations of Japanese Americans to United States culture.", "Fugita and O'Brien's study illustrates bot...	2	Which one of the following best summarizes the main point of the author of the passage?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_20	[ "Community bonds have weakened primarily as a result of occupational mobility by Japanese Americans.", "The community is notable because it has accommodated multiple and layered identities without losing its traditional intensity.", "Community cohesion is similar in intensity to the community cohesion of other ...	4	According to the passage, Fugita and O'Brien's data indicate which one of the following about the Japanese American ethnic community?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_21	[ "a study showing how musical forms brought from other countries have persisted in the United States", "a study showing the organization and function of ethnic associations in the United States", "a study showing how architectural styles brought from other countries have merged to form an American style", "a s...	2	Which one of the following provides an example of a research study that has a conclusion most analogous to that argued for by the historians mentioned in line 4?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_22	[ "Current studies are similar to earlier studies in claiming that a sense of peoplehood helps preserve ethnic community.", "Current studies have clearly identified factors that sustain ethnic community in generations that have been exposed to the pluralism of American life.", "Current studies examine the cultura...	3	According to the passage, which one of the following is true about the focus of historical studies on ethnic groups in the United States?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_23	[ "point out a weakness in their hypothesis about the strength of community ties among Japanese Americans", "show how they support their claim about the notability of community cohesion for Japanese Americans", "indicate how they demonstrate the high degree of adaptation of Japanese Americans to United States cul...	1	The author of the passage quotes Fugita and O'Brien in lines 36–39 most probably in order to
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_24	[ "highly persuasive", "original but poorly developed", "difficult to substantiate", "illogical and uninteresting", "too similar to earlier theories" ]	2	The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to describe the hypothesis mentioned in line 47 as
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_25	[ "They have been unable to provide satisfactory explanations for the persistence of European ethnic communities in the United States.", "They have suggested that European cultural practices have survived although the community ties of European ethnic groups have weakened.", "They have hypothesized that European ...	0	The passage suggests which one of the following about the historians mentioned in line 49?
Recently the focus of historical studies of different ethnic groups in the United States has shifted from the transformation of ethnic identity to its preservation. Whereas earlier historians argued that the ethnic identity of various immigrant groups to the United States blended to form an American national character,...	199710_4-RC_4_26	[ "The community cohesion of an ethnic group is not affected by the length of time it has been in the United States.", "An ethnic group in the United States can have a high degree of adaptation to United States culture and still sustain strong community ties.", "The strength of an ethnic community in the United S...	1	As their views are discussed in the passage, Fugita and O'Brien would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_1	[ "Risk communicators are effectively addressing the proliferation of complex technologies that have increasing impact on public health and safety.", "Risk communicators should assess lay people's understanding of technologies in order to be able to give them the information they need to make reasonable decisions."...	1	Which one of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_2	[ "explain rather than to persuade", "promote rather than to justify", "influence experts rather than to influence lay people", "allay people's fears about mundane hazards rather than about exotic hazards", "foster public acceptance of new technologies rather than to acknowledge people's ethical concerns" ]	0	The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purpose of risk communication should be to
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_3	[ "The lay people, perceiving that the risk communicators have provided more-reliable information, will discard their mistaken notions.", "The lay people will only partially revise their ideas on the basis of the new information.", "The lay people, fitting the new information into their existing framework, will i...	2	According to the passage, it is probable that which one of the following will occur when risk communicators attempt to communicate with lay people who have mistaken ideas about a particular technology?
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_4	[ "A skydiver checks the lines on her parachute several times before a jump because tangled lines often keep the parachutes from opening properly.", "A person decides to quit smoking in order to lessen the probability of lung damage to himself and his family.", "A homemaker who decides to have her house tested fo...	3	Which one of the following is most clearly an example of the kind of risk perception discussed in the "studies" mentioned in line 8?
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_5	[ "lay people's tendency to become alarmed about technologies that they find new or strange", "lay people's tendency to compare risks that experts would not consider comparable", "the need for lay people to adopt scientists' advice about technological risk", "the inability of lay people to rank hazards by the n...	4	It can be inferred that the authors of the passage would be more likely than would the risk communicators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasis which one of the following?
To many developers of technologies that affect public health or the environment, "risk communication" means persuading the public that the potential risks of such technologies are small and should be ignored. Those who communicate risks in this way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual nature of ...	199712_1-RC_1_6	[ "It focuses excessively on mundane hazards.", "It is a tool used to manipulate the public.", "It is a major cause of inaccuracies in public knowledge about science.", "It most often functions to help people make informal decisions.", "Its level of effectiveness depends on the level of knowledge its audience...	1	According to the passage, many lay people believe which one of the following about risk communication?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_7	[ "the contribution of the Korean American community to improving the working conditions of Koreans employed by United States companies", "the change brought about in the Korean American community by contacts with Koreans visiting the United States", "the contribution of recent immigrants from Korea to strengthen...	3	Which one of the following best describes the main topic of the passage?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_8	[ "the decreasing profitability of maintaining operations in Korea", "the failure to resolve long-standing disputes between the Pico workers and management", "the creation of a union by the Pico workers", "the withholding of workers' wages by the parent company", "the finding of an alternate site for operatio...	2	The passage suggests that which one of the following was a significant factor in the decision to shut down the Pico plant in Buchon City?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_9	[ "Young second-generation Korean Americans have begun to take an interest in their Korean heritage.", "Recent Korean American immigrants of working-class backgrounds have begun to enter the more privileged sectors of the Korean American community.", "Korean Americans have developed closer ties with activist grou...	1	Which one of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a recent development in the Korean American community?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_10	[ "Such communities can derive important benefits from maintaining ties with their countries of origin.", "Such communities should focus primarily on promoting study of the history and culture of their people in order to strengthen their ethnic identity.", "Such communities can most successfully mobilize and poli...	0	It can be inferred that the author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the following statements about ethnic communities of immigrant derivation?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_11	[ "highlight the contrast between working conditions in the United States and in Korea", "demonstrate the uniqueness of the problem faced by the Pico workers", "offer an example of the type of role that can be played by recent working-class immigrants", "provide an analogy for the type of activism displayed by ...	2	In the second paragraph, the author refers to immigrants from China most probably in order to do which one of the following?
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_12	[ "describe recent developments in the Korean American community that have strongly affected other ethnic communities of immigrant derivation", "describe a situation in the Korean American community that presents a model for the empowerment of ethnic communities of immigrant derivation", "detail the problems face...	1	The primary purpose of the passage is to
In April 1990 representatives of the Pico Korea Union of electronics workers in Buchon City, South Korea, traveled to the United States in order to demand just settlement of their claims from the parent company of their employer, who upon the formation of the union had shut down operations without paying the workers. F...	199712_1-RC_2_13	[ "It explains why the Pico workers brought their cause to the United States.", "It explains how the Pico cause differed from other causes that had previously mobilized the Korean American community.", "It explains why the Pico workers were accorded such broad support.", "It explains how other ethnic groups of ...	2	Which one of the following most accurately states the function of the third paragraph?
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_14	[ "The analysis of a limited number of atypical discrimination suits is of little value to potential plaintiffs.", "When the number of factors analyzed in a sex discrimination suit is increased, the validity of the conclusions drawn becomes suspect.", "Scholars who are critical of traditional legal research frequ...	3	Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_15	[ "frustrated because traditional legal research has not achieved its full potential", "critical because traditional legal research has little relevance to those actually involved in cases", "appreciative of the role traditional legal research played in developing later, more efficient approaches", "derisive be...	1	It can be inferred from the author's discussion of traditional legal research that the author is
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_16	[ "They were the first scholars to use social science tools in analyzing legal cases.", "They confined their studies to the outcomes analysis technique.", "They saw no value in the analysis provided by traditional legal research.", "They rejected policy capturing as being too limited in scope.", "They believe...	4	Which one of the following statements about Zirkel and Schoenfeld can be inferred from the passage?
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_17	[ "provide background information for the subsequent discussion", "summarize an opponent's position", "argue against the use of social science tools in the analysis of sex discrimination cases", "emphasize the fact that legal researchers act to the detriment of potential plaintiffs", "reconcile traditional le...	0	The author's characterization of traditional legal research in the first paragraph is intended to
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_18	[ "athletes who continue to employ training techniques despite their knowledge of statistical evidence indicating that these techniques are unlikely to be effective", "lawyers who handle lawsuits for a large number of clients in the hope that some percentage will be successful", "candidates for public office who ...	0	The information in the passage suggests that plaintiffs who pursue sex discrimination cases despite the statistics provided by outcomes analysis can best be likened to
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_19	[ "makes use of detailed information on a greater number of cases", "focuses more directly on issues of concern to litigants", "analyzes information that is more recent and therefore reflects current trends", "allows assessment of aspects of a case that are not specifically mentioned in a judge's opinion", "e...	3	The policy-capturing approach differs from the approach described in lines 48–59 in that the latter approach
In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions. These scholars have justifiably criticized traditional legal research for its focus on a few cases that may not be representative and its fascination with arcane matters that do not affect real people with real legal problems. Z...	199712_1-RC_3_20	[ "A technique is introduced, its shortcomings are summarized, and alternatives are described.", "A debate is introduced, evidence is presented, and a compromise is reached.", "A theory is presented, clarification is provided, and a plan of further evaluation is suggested.", "Standards are established, hypothet...	0	Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A fake can be defined as an artwork intended to deceive. The motives of its creator are decisive, and the merit of the object itself is a separate issue. The question mark in the title of Mark Jones's Fake? The Art of Deception reveals the study's broader concerns. Indeed, it might equally be entitled Original?, and th...	199712_1-RC_4_21	[ "reconciling varied points of view", "chronicling the evolution of a phenomenon", "exploring a complex question", "advocating a new approach", "rejecting an inadequate explanation" ]	2	The passage can best be described as doing which one of the following?
A fake can be defined as an artwork intended to deceive. The motives of its creator are decisive, and the merit of the object itself is a separate issue. The question mark in the title of Mark Jones's Fake? The Art of Deception reveals the study's broader concerns. Indeed, it might equally be entitled Original?, and th...	199712_1-RC_4_22	[ "The faking of art has occurred throughout history and in virtually every culture.", "Whether a work of art is fake or not is less important than whether it has artistic merit.", "It is possible to show that a work of art is fake, but the authenticity of a work cannot be proved conclusively.", "A variety of c...	3	Which one of the following best expresses the author's main point?
A fake can be defined as an artwork intended to deceive. The motives of its creator are decisive, and the merit of the object itself is a separate issue. The question mark in the title of Mark Jones's Fake? The Art of Deception reveals the study's broader concerns. Indeed, it might equally be entitled Original?, and th...	199712_1-RC_4_23	[ "consciously adopted the artistic style of an influential mentor", "deliberately imitated a famous work of art as a learning exercise", "wanted other people to be fooled by its appearance", "made multiple, identical copies of the work available for sale", "made the work resemble the art of an earlier era" ]	2	According to the passage, an artwork can be definitively classified as a fake if the person who created it
A fake can be defined as an artwork intended to deceive. The motives of its creator are decisive, and the merit of the object itself is a separate issue. The question mark in the title of Mark Jones's Fake? The Art of Deception reveals the study's broader concerns. Indeed, it might equally be entitled Original?, and th...	199712_1-RC_4_24	[ "categories of art that are neither wholly fake nor wholly original", "cultures in which the faking or art flourished", "qualities that art collectors have prized in their acquisitions", "cultures in which the categories \"fake\" and \"original\" do not apply", "contemporary artists whose works have inspire...	4	The author provides a least one example of each of the following EXCEPT:

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.