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1,901,420 | Top Open-Source APIs for Web Development in 2024: Unleashing Innovation | As web development continues to evolve, the use of public APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:58:53 | https://dev.to/futuristicgeeks/top-open-source-apis-for-web-development-in-2024-unleashing-innovation-2hn4 | webdev, beginners, api, programming | As web development continues to evolve, the use of public APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) has become a cornerstone for building robust, feature-rich applications. Public APIs offer developers access to a wide range of functionalities without having to build them from scratch, thus speeding up the development process and allowing for greater innovation. This article provides a comprehensive list of public APIs that are particularly valuable for web development projects in 2024, with a focus on open-source options.
Here is a curated list of open-source public APIs that are highly recommended for web development projects in 2024:
1. Firebase API
Firebase, developed by Google, provides a comprehensive suite of tools for app development. Its API offers features like real-time database, authentication, cloud messaging, and analytics.
2. OpenWeatherMap API
OpenWeatherMap provides weather data, including current conditions, forecasts, and historical data. It is widely used for integrating weather information into web applications.
3. Strapi
Strapi is an open-source headless CMS (Content Management System) that provides an API for managing content. It is highly customizable and allows developers to create, manage, and distribute content across various platforms.
4. GitHub API
GitHub’s API provides access to a wide range of functionalities related to repositories, issues, pull requests, and user management. It is essential for integrating GitHub functionalities into web applications.
5. Postman API
Postman provides a platform for building and using APIs. Its API allows developers to manage their collections, environments, and API workflows programmatically.
6. Twilio API
Twilio offers APIs for communication services, including SMS, voice, video, and email. It enables developers to integrate various communication channels into their applications.
7. Mapbox API
Mapbox provides APIs for integrating maps, location data, and geospatial analysis into web applications. It offers highly customizable and interactive maps.
8. Stripe API
Stripe provides a suite of APIs for managing online payments. It supports various payment methods and offers robust tools for handling transactions, subscriptions, and financial reporting.
9. Pusher API
Pusher provides APIs for real-time communication, enabling developers to build interactive features like live chat, notifications, and collaborative tools.
10. Contentful API
Contentful is a headless CMS that provides APIs for managing content across various platforms. It allows developers to build and deliver digital experiences with ease.
11. Unsplash API
The Unsplash API provides free access to a vast library of high-quality photos. It allows developers to integrate stunning images into their applications easily.
12. OpenAI API
The OpenAI API provides access to powerful AI models, including GPT-4, for natural language processing tasks. It enables developers to build intelligent applications that understand and generate human language.
13. NewsAPI
NewsAPI provides access to a wide range of news articles from various sources worldwide. It enables developers to fetch and display news content in their applications.
14. Spotify API
The Spotify API provides access to Spotify’s music catalog, user data, and various functionalities. It allows developers to integrate music streaming and management features into their applications.
15. CoinGecko API
The CoinGecko API provides comprehensive data on cryptocurrencies, including price, volume, market capitalization, and historical data. It is an essential tool for developing cryptocurrency-related applications.
16. NASA API
The NASA API provides access to a wide range of data and images from NASA’s various missions and projects. It offers fascinating insights into space and astronomy.
17. Open Library API
The Open Library API provides access to a vast collection of books and their metadata. It is an excellent resource for building applications related to books and reading.
18. RecipePuppy API
The RecipePuppy API provides access to a database of recipes. It allows developers to search for recipes based on ingredients, making it useful for food-related applications.
19. FlightAware API
The FlightAware API provides access to live flight tracking data and aviation information. It is useful for building applications related to travel and transportation.
20. OpenAI’s DALL-E API
The DALL-E API, part of OpenAI’s suite, allows developers to generate images from textual descriptions. This powerful API leverages AI to create stunning visuals based on user prompts.
Read Features and Use Cases in full article here: [https://futuristicgeeks.com/top-open-source-apis-for-web-development-in-2024-unleashing-innovation/](https://futuristicgeeks.com/top-open-source-apis-for-web-development-in-2024-unleashing-innovation/)
| futuristicgeeks |
1,901,419 | Cool JS Frameworks - Astro vs Next.js | Astro vs Next.js? We must see before choosing a JavaScript framework. When building web... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:55:59 | https://dev.to/zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d/cool-js-frameworks-astro-vs-nextjs-eo8 | astro, nextjs, javascript, javascriptframeworks | Astro vs Next.js?
**We must see before choosing a JavaScript framework.**
When building web applications, the framework you choose can steer your project to success. Astro offers a lightweight solution with static generation benefits, while Next.js delivers comprehensive server-side rendering for React developers.
## Astro: Swift and Component-Focused
Astro stands out for its static site generation and compatibility with multiple front-end technologies, making it a go-to for developers who prioritize performance and reusability in web components.
## Next.js: Full-Featured and Scalable
Next.js is a server-side powerhouse for dynamic applications, offering an integrated development experience, automatic routing, and a suite of data-fetching options, suited for complex, scalable projects that need to shine in SEO.
## Performance Battle: Quick Loads vs Dynamic Content
Astro excels in speed with static content, while Next.js offers dynamic server-side rendered pages, ensuring a fast, SEO-friendly user experience.
## Development Delight: Tooling and Resources
Both frameworks bring joy to developers with their intuitive tooling. Astro promises a zero-config start, while Next.js boasts a feature-rich environment backed by a massive community, making both excellent choices for modern web development.
## Design and User Experience: A Creative Playground
Astro and Next.js handle design with flair, allowing extensive customization. Whether you’re looking for a static charm or dynamic interaction, both can cater to your creative needs.
## Is There a Verdict?
Your choice between [Astro and Next.js](https://bluebirdinternational.com/astro-vs-next-js/) will rest on project needs — Astro for static sites with fast loads and Next.js for large-scale applications. Consider performance targets, scalability.
Keep your head up! | zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d |
1,901,417 | How to Build and Manage a High-Performing Software Development Team? | In my initial years as a software developer, I quickly recognized that the success of any software... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:53:42 | https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/software-development-team-4nol | In my initial years as a software developer, I quickly recognized that the success of any software project isn't just rooted in strong code or innovative design—it hinges significantly on the team dynamics. A software development team isn't merely a collection of individuals with varied tech skills; it's a cohesive unit that collaborates through every phase of the software lifecycle, from initial conception to final deployment and ongoing maintenance.
This team typically encompasses a diverse array of roles, each critical to the project’s overall success. Software developers bring the project to life with code, project managers steer the project ensuring it remains on schedule and within budget, UX/UI designers enhance the product's usability and appeal, and quality assurance specialists rigorously test the software to ensure its reliability and performance. Beyond these core roles, business analysts might also contribute by defining project requirements and interfacing with stakeholders to gather necessary insights and feedback.
##What are Key Roles in a Software Development Team?
In my experience leading software development teams, I've found that understanding the distinct roles and responsibilities within the team is crucial for a project's success. Here's a deeper look into each key role within a software development team:
- **Software Developers**: The core performers in any development team, software developers handle the creation, maintenance, and updates of the software. They work in various programming languages and frameworks depending on the project requirements. Their role involves more than just coding; they must also engage in problem-solving, debugging, and actively participating in code reviews to ensure high-quality outputs. Developers must be adaptable, continually learning new technologies to stay relevant in a fast-evolving field;
- **Project Manager**: As the linchpin of the project, the project manager coordinates all activities from kickoff to delivery. This role involves detailed planning, scheduling, resource allocation, and budget management to ensure the project tracks along its intended path. They serve as a bridge between the technical team and non-technical stakeholders, translating business objectives into actionable plans and ensuring that client expectations are met, if not exceeded;
- **UX/UI Designers**: User experience (UX) and user interface (UI) designers are crucial in ensuring the software is intuitive and accessible. They design the layout and interactive elements of the application, focusing on optimizing usability and enhancing user satisfaction. Their work is grounded in research and user testing, ensuring that the application appeals to and functions well for its intended user base;
- **Quality Assurance Specialists**: [QA specialists](https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/why-is-a-quality-assurance-tester-needed-on-a-software-development-team-16g1) are essential to the software development lifecycle. Their primary role is to maintain high standards of software quality by conducting both automated and manual tests to detect bugs and issues before the product goes live. They collaborate closely with developers to trace the root cause of any defects and verify that fixes are successful. QA's proactive involvement is vital for reducing the time and cost associated with post-release fixes.
In managing a software development team, it's important to ensure that these roles are clearly defined, and that team members are equipped with the tools and knowledge necessary to fulfill their responsibilities effectively. Regular training, clear communication, and a collaborative culture are imperative to harness the full potential of each role, ultimately driving the success of the project.
## Structuring Your Software Development Team
In my years of leading various projects, I've come to realize how the structure of a software development team can significantly influence not only the pace but also the quality of the output we deliver. Let's delve deeper into the most effective team structures I've utilized:
- **Agile Teams**: The Agile model is excellent for maintaining flexibility and fostering iterative progress through short, manageable phases of work, known as sprints. In an Agile software development team, members are typically cross-functional, possessing the skills necessary to complete a project from start to finish without needing to rely heavily on other departments. This autonomy allows the team to adapt quickly to changes, which is particularly beneficial in projects where requirements evolve frequently.
- **Scrum Teams**: Scrum, a subset of Agile, organizes the software development team around specific roles including the Scrum Master, Product Owner, and development team members. The Scrum Master serves as a facilitator, helping the team remain unblocked and aligned with the scrum methodology, while the Product Owner represents the stakeholders’ interests and prioritizes the backlog of work. Regular sprint meetings ensure the team maintains a rhythm and addresses any impediments swiftly, fostering a dynamic and responsive working environment.
## Hiring the Right Talent
When it comes to expanding the software development team, finding the right talent is more than a matter of assessing technical skills. Soft skills like communication, problem-solving, and adaptability are equally important. I always strive to hire professionals who not only have the necessary technical expertise but also fit well with the team culture and embody the company’s values. This cultural fit is crucial for long-term success, as it enhances team cohesion and drives collective motivation.
## Fostering Team Collaboration and Communication
Effective communication is indeed the backbone of any successful software development team. Utilizing tools such as [Slack](https://slack.com/), Microsoft Teams, and [Jira](https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira) has revolutionized the way my teams collaborate and stay on track. These tools facilitate clear, continuous communication and integrate seamlessly with other work management systems, making them indispensable in our daily operations.
However, technology alone isn't enough to ensure effective team dynamics. Regular stand-ups, where each member briefly discusses their progress and any blockers, help keep everyone aligned and foster a sense of accountability. Additionally, holding retrospective meetings at the end of each project or sprint allows the team to reflect on what went well and what could be improved. These retrospectives are crucial for iterative improvement and help ensure that the software development team is always evolving and adapting to better meet the challenges ahead.
By carefully structuring the software development team, hiring the right talent, and fostering open communication, I've seen firsthand how these elements contribute to a productive and successful environment where high-quality software is the standard output.
## Tools and Technologies for Software Development Teams
Selecting the right tools and technologies is crucial for enhancing the productivity and efficiency of a software development team. Over the years, I've integrated several key tools that have become indispensable in our development processes:
### Version Control Systems like Git
[Git](https://git-scm.com/) is the backbone for version control in our software development team. It allows us to track changes, revert to previous states, and efficiently manage multiple versions of project code. This tool is essential not only for its core functionality but also for supporting collaborative workflows among distributed team members.
Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment tools like Jenkins
Implementing CI/CD practices with tools like [Jenkins](https://www.jenkins.io/) has significantly improved our deployment cycles and minimized our integration issues. Jenkins automates the process of testing and deploying code, which ensures that our software development team can frequently release updates with fewer disruptions and higher stability
### Project Management Tools like Trello or Asana
To keep our projects organized and on track, we use project management tools such as [Trello](https://trello.com/) or [Asana](https://asana.com/). These tools help us visualize workflow stages, assign tasks, set deadlines, and update statuses in real time. They are critical in maintaining transparency and accountability within the software development team, providing a clear overview of project progress at any given time.
## Handling Remote Software Development Teams
Managing remote software development teams introduces a set of unique challenges that require careful and deliberate management strategies. Regular video calls and meetings are integral to ensuring that all team members are aligned with the project goals and company culture. These synchronous communications are complemented by asynchronous tools that allow team members to collaborate effectively across different time zones without the need for constant real-time interaction.
Clear communication and access to cloud-based collaboration tools are essential components of successful remote team management. Tools like [GitHub](https://github.com/) for code repositories, Slack for communication, and [Zoom](https://zoom.us/) for meetings ensure that our team remains cohesive and coordinated despite the physical distances.
## Measuring Team Performance
To drive ongoing improvement within the software development team, it’s critical to measure performance through both qualitative and quantitative metrics. This includes conducting sprint reviews to assess the outcomes of development cycles, performing code quality assessments to ensure best practices are followed, and gathering customer feedback to gauge user satisfaction and identify areas for enhancement. These measurements provide valuable insights that help us refine our processes and improve our output continually.
## Continuous Improvement and Training
Continuous improvement and training are non-negotiable for any software development team committed to maintaining its competitive edge. Regularly scheduled training sessions, workshops, and access to the latest industry resources are essential for keeping the team abreast of new technologies and methodologies. This commitment to learning fosters a culture of innovation and adaptability, crucial traits for staying relevant and successful in the field.
## Integrating Quantum App Development Software into Traditional Software Teams
In my journey as a software developer, I've been deeply fascinated by the prospects of quantum computing and its implications for the future of technology. Recently, I've begun exploring how quantum app development software can be integrated into traditional software development environments to create cutting-edge solutions. This convergence represents a thrilling frontier, combining the strengths of classical computing with the quantum world.
[Quantum app development](https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/quantum-app-development-software-b1f) software, still in its nascent stages, offers capabilities that are simply unattainable with traditional computing alone. For example, the ability to perform computations that take into account complex probability scenarios in a fraction of the time required by conventional processors is groundbreaking. This feature can significantly enhance how we approach problems in cryptography, optimization, and even artificial intelligence.
However, integrating such advanced quantum tools into a standard software development team poses unique challenges. The primary hurdle is the steep learning curve associated with quantum mechanics concepts and their application in programming. To address this, I initiated a series of training sessions focused on quantum computing basics tailored for software developers without a background in quantum physics.
Moreover, choosing the right quantum app development software is crucial. The software needs to not only support the specific hardware we aim to use, but also be flexible enough to integrate with our existing development tools and workflows. For instance, tools like [Microsoft’s Quantum Development Kit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/overview-what-is-qsharp-and-qdk) have proven to be invaluable, offering a blend of Q# language integration within familiar environments like Visual Studio, making the transition smoother for our development team.
By slowly incorporating quantum computing principles and quantum app development software into our projects, we are setting the stage for a future where our software solutions can leverage the best of both classical and quantum computing technologies. This not only enhances our team’s capabilities but also positions us at the cutting edge of software development innovation.
## Conclusion
Building and sustaining a successful software development team requires more than just technical expertise—it demands strategic planning, effective communication, and a commitment to continuous improvement. In my experience, when these elements align, the software development team not only performs efficiently but also enjoys the process, leading to higher job satisfaction and superior software products. By embracing these principles, we can foster a dynamic and productive environment that is well-equipped to meet the challenges of modern software development.
| igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4 | |
1,901,413 | Who's Your .NET Ally? - F# vs C# | F#, with its functional-first approach, is a hit for tasks involving complex data manipulation and... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:40:39 | https://dev.to/zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d/whos-your-net-ally-f-vs-c-35oc | fsharp, csharp, dotnet, frameworks | F#, with its functional-first approach, is a hit for tasks involving complex data manipulation and parallel processing. Meanwhile, C# is the go-to for a wider range of applications, from web development to gaming, thanks to its object-oriented roots.
## Functional Programming Face-Off
F# shines in scenarios that benefit from functional programming’s emphasis on immutability and statelessness, making it a favorite for data-intensive fields. C#, while starting as an object-oriented language, has embraced functional concepts, offering LINQ and lambda expressions to get some of F#’s functional prowess.
## What Drives Your Choice?
Selecting between F# and C# hinges on the project’s focus. F# is your ally for in-depth data analysis and handling, while C# is a versatile contender capable of scaling across various domains. The familiarity and experience of your development team with each language also plays a huge part.
## [F# vs C#](https://bluebirdinternational.com/f-sharp-vs-c-sharp/): Quick Comparative Snapshot
Paradigm:
**F#** is functional-first;
**C#** is object-oriented with functional features.
- Concurrency: F# uses advanced pattern matching; C# favors tasks and parallel LINQ.
- Community: F# has a niche, dedicated community; C# boasts a vast and diverse following.
- Use Cases: F# is ideal for data science; C# excels in web, desktop, and cloud services.
Pick your side now :) | zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d |
1,901,412 | C# event-driven programming with delegates and events. | Event-driven programming, delegates and events. So far you have been learning about... | 27,862 | 2024-06-26T14:40:09 | https://dev.to/emanuelgustafzon/c-event-driven-programming-with-delegates-and-events-47lh | eventdriven, delegates, csharp, event | # Event-driven programming, delegates and events.
So far you have been learning about delegates. By putting what we learned in action we can already create event driven programming functionalities.
We will also talk about publishers and subscribers and the event keyword.
But for now check the example below where we use a delegate to handle score updates. This could be a game and when a score happens we can call the delegate method and let call 2 methods. One for updating the current score and one for updating the database.
```
using System;
class UpdateDatabase {
public static void updateScoreBoard(int score) {
Console.WriteLine("Updating database scoreboard...");
}
}
class CurrentScore {
static int _score = 0;
public static void updateScore(int score) {
_score += score;
Console.WriteLine("Your current score: " + score);
}
}
class Program {
public delegate void Score(int score);
public static void Main (string[] args) {
Score updateCurrentScore = CurrentScore.updateScore;
Score updateScoreBoard = UpdateDatabase.updateScoreBoard;
Score score = updateCurrentScore + updateScoreBoard;
score(10);
}
}
```
## Publisher and subscriber pattern.
Even though the code we just wrote works perfectly fine, we want to follow best practices and use the sender and subscriber pattern. This will make our code
We will use the keyword `event` and adopt it.
I will start with a simple example to show you how it works.
```
class Publisher {
// declare a delegate with two arguments, the sendsr and the EventArgs obj
public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
// use event keyword followed by the delegate object
public event EventHandler myEvent;
public void fireEvent() {
// if there is a subscriber, invoke
if(myEvent != null){
myEvent(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
}
class Subscriber {
// Subscriber method revieves a sender and the args theough the EventArgs object
public void IAmCalled(object sender, EventArgs e) {
Console.WriteLine("I am called");
}
}
class Program {
public static void Main (string[] args) {
// instances of the publisher and subscriber
Publisher publisher = new Publisher();
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber();
// assign the subscriber to the publisher
publisher.myEvent += subscriber.IAmCalled;
publisher.fireEvent();
}
}
```
The take away here is that we use the event keyword, EventArgs object for arguments and then subscribe to the event delegate object.
This is not complete though. We want to improve our code.
1. We don’t need to declare our own EventHandler delegete object. .Net has a built in EventHandler object we can use.
2. We do not want the method that fires the event to be public but rather they are normally protected and virtual so that children classes can override the method and protected from outside the class or it’s children.
3. If we have arguments we can create a class that inherit from EventArgs and add our own fields.
Let’s implement the same code as in our first example with the scores but with best practices.
```
class ScoreUpdatedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public int Score { get; set;}
}
class ScoreManager
{
public event EventHandler<ScoreUpdatedEventArgs> ScoreUpdated;
public void AddScore(int score)
{
OnScoreUpdated(new ScoreUpdatedEventArgs { Score = score });
}
protected virtual void OnScoreUpdated(ScoreUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
ScoreUpdated?.Invoke(this, e);
}
}
class UpdateDatabase
{
public void OnScoreUpdated(object sender, ScoreUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Updating database scoreboard with score: " + e.Score);
}
}
class CurrentScore
{
public void OnScoreUpdated(object sender, ScoreUpdatedEventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Your current score: " + e.Score);
}
}
class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
ScoreManager scoreManager = new ScoreManager();
UpdateDatabase updateDatabase = new UpdateDatabase();
CurrentScore currentScore = new CurrentScore();
// Subscribe to the event
scoreManager.ScoreUpdated += updateDatabase.OnScoreUpdated;
scoreManager.ScoreUpdated += currentScore.OnScoreUpdated;
// Add score and raise the event
scoreManager.AddScore(10);
}
}
```
#### Benefits of the publisher subscriber pattern
There is a couple of benefits of writing the code according to this pattern and how C# implemented it.
1. The method that publish the event is encapsulated and only acceded within the class it self and its children.
2. The publisher and the subscriber are decoupled so you can change one without effecting the other.
3. Adopting this pattern ensures consistency and makes it more straight forward and manageable.
Happy coding! | emanuelgustafzon |
1,901,411 | Front-End Technologies | Web Technologies involves outlining the various technologies and frameworks involved in web... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:40:06 | https://dev.to/arun970/front-end-technologies-58jn | beginners, web |
Web Technologies involves outlining the various technologies and frameworks involved in web development, from the front end to the back end, as well as tools for testing, deployment, and maintenance. Here’s a comprehensive roadmap for web technologies:
1. Foundations
HTML: The structure of web pages.
CSS: Styling web pages.
JavaScript: Making web pages interactive.
2. Front-End Development
CSS Frameworks: Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS.
JavaScript Frameworks/Libraries:
React: Developed by Facebook, popular for building user interfaces.
Angular: A platform for building mobile and desktop web applications.
TypeScript: A superset of JavaScript that adds static types.
UI Libraries: Material-UI, Ant Design.
3. JavaScript
Interactivity: Adding dynamic behavior to web pages, such as form validation, content updates, and animations.
DOM Manipulation: Using JavaScript to interact with and modify the Document Object Model (DOM).
4. CSS Frameworks
Bootstrap: A popular framework for building responsive, mobile-first websites using pre-designed components.
5. JavaScript Frameworks/Libraries
React: A library for building user interfaces, especially single-page applications, using a component-based architecture.
Angular: A platform for building mobile and desktop web applications, featuring two-way data binding and dependency injection.
6. TypeScript
Static Typing: A superset of JavaScript that adds static types, improving code quality and maintainability.
Type Safety: Helps catch errors early during development and provides better tooling and auto-completion.
7. State Management
Redux: A library for managing application state, often used with React for predictable state updates.
8. UI Libraries
Material-UI: A popular React component library implementing Google's Material Design.
Ant Design: A comprehensive UI library for React, providing a rich set of high-quality components and design resources.
9. Build Tools and Module Bundlers
Webpack: A powerful module bundler for JavaScript applications, enabling code splitting and lazy loading.
Parcel: A fast, zero-configuration web application bundler.
Rollup: A module bundler for JavaScript that focuses on smaller and faster bundles.
10. Version Control
Git: A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code.
GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket: Platforms for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories.
11. Performance Optimization
Code Splitting: Breaking up code into smaller chunks that can be loaded on demand.
Lazy Loading: Deferring the loading of non-critical resources until they are needed.
Minification: Reducing file sizes by removing unnecessary characters and white spaces.
12. Testing
Unit Testing: Testing individual components or functions using tools like Jest and Mocha.
Integration Testing: Testing the interaction between different parts of an application using tools like Selenium and Cypress.
End-to-End Testing: Testing the entire application flow from start to finish using tools like Puppeteer and Playwright.
13. Accessibility
ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications): Enhancing accessibility for users with disabilities by adding roles, properties, and states to HTML elements.
WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines): Guidelines for making web content more accessible.
By mastering these tools and concepts, front-end developers can create visually appealing, responsive, and interactive web applications that provide an excellent user experience.
| arun970 |
1,901,410 | Mastering SOLID Principles in Java: A Practical Guide | SOLID principles are fundamental for any developer aiming to build robust, maintainable systems.... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:39:23 | https://dev.to/adaumircosta/mastering-solid-principles-in-java-a-practical-guide-10kb | java, solidprinciples | SOLID principles are fundamental for any developer aiming to build robust, maintainable systems. These principles not only enhance code quality but also facilitate teamwork and scalability of projects. Let’s delve into each of these principles with practical examples in Java, highlighting both common violations and recommended practices.
### 1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.
Violating the SRP:
```java
public class User {
private String name;
private String email;
public void saveUser() {
// Logic to save the user in the database
}
public void sendEmail() {
// Logic to send an email to the user
}
}
```
In this example, the `User` class has more than one responsibility: managing user data and sending emails.
Applying the SRP:
```java
public class User {
private String name;
private String email;
}
public class UserRepository {
public void saveUser(User user) {
// Logic to save the user in the database
}
}
public class EmailService {
public void sendEmail(User user) {
// Logic to send an email to the user
}
}
```
Here, we have separated the responsibilities into different classes, adhering to the SRP.
###2. Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
Principle: Classes should be open for extension, but closed for modification.
Violating the OCP:
```java
public class DiscountCalculator {
public double calculateDiscount(String type) {
if (type.equals("NORMAL")) {
return 0.05;
} else if (type.equals("SPECIAL")) {
return 0.1;
}
return 0;
}
}
```
In this example, any new discount type would require modifying the `DiscountCalculator` class.
Applying the OCP:
```java
public interface Discount {
double calculateDiscount();
}
public class NormalDiscount implements Discount {
public double calculateDiscount() {
return 0.05;
}
}
public class SpecialDiscount implements Discount {
public double calculateDiscount() {
return 0.1;
}
}
public class DiscountCalculator {
public double calculateDiscount(Discount discount) {
return discount.calculateDiscount();
}
}
```
In this case, the `DiscountCalculator` is closed for modification but open for extension through the implementation of new discount types.
###3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Principle: Subclasses should be replaceable by their base classes without affecting the correctness of the program.
Violating the LSP:
```java
public class Bird {
public void fly() {
// flying implementation
}
}
public class Penguin extends Bird {
@Override
public void fly() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Penguins can't fly");
}
}
```
Here, the `Penguin` class cannot replace `Bird` without affecting the program’s correctness.
Applying the LSP:
```java
public abstract class Bird {
}
public class FlyingBird extends Bird {
public void fly() {
// flying implementation
}
}
public class Penguin extends Bird {
}
```
Now, `FlyingBird` and Penguin are separated, respecting the ability of `Bird` to be replaced by its subclasses.
###4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
Principle: Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use.
Violating the ISP:
```java
public interface Animal {
void walk();
void fly();
void swim();
}
public class Dog implements Animal {
public void walk() {
// walking implementation
}
public void fly() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void swim() {
// dogs can swim
}
}
```
Here, `Dog` is forced to implement `fly`, which is not relevant.
Applying the ISP:
```java
public interface Walkable {
void walk();
}
public interface Flyable {
void fly();
}
public interface Swimmable {
void swim();
}
public class Dog implements Walkable, Swimmable {
public void walk() {
// walking implementation
}
public void swim() {
// swimming implementation
}
}
```
Now, `Dog` implements only the interfaces relevant to its actions.
###5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
Principle: High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions.
Violating the DIP:
```java
public class LightBulb {
public void turnOn() {
// turn on the light bulb
}
}
public class ElectricPowerSwitch {
private LightBulb lightBulb = new LightBulb();
public void press() {
lightBulb.turnOn();
}
}
```
`ElectricPowerSwitch` directly depends on `LightBulb`, a low-level module.
Applying the DIP:
```java
public interface Switchable {
void turnOn();
}
public class LightBulb implements Switchable {
public void turnOn() {
// turn on the light bulb
}
}
public class ElectricPowerSwitch {
private Switchable client;
public ElectricPowerSwitch(Switchable client) {
this.client = client;
}
public void press() {
client.turnOn();
}
}
```
Now, `ElectricPowerSwitch` depends on an abstraction (`Switchable`), which makes the design more flexible and sustainable.
Conclusion
Applying the SOLID principles in Java is not just good theoretical practice but a proven strategy for keeping software flexible, sustainable, and comprehensible. I hope these examples help illustrate how you can implement these principles in your own software projects.
| adaumircosta |
1,901,409 | AWS S3 Pricing for Beginners | A Comprehensive Guide to AWS S3 Pricing for Beginners Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:39:11 | https://dev.to/sh20raj/aws-s3-pricing-for-beginners-3fc2 | aws, s3 | # A Comprehensive Guide to AWS S3 Pricing for Beginners
Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) is a scalable object storage service that provides secure, durable, and highly available storage. AWS S3 pricing can be complex due to the various factors involved. This guide will help you understand the different aspects of S3 pricing and provide tips on how to manage and optimize your costs.
## Understanding AWS S3 Pricing Components
### 1. Storage Classes
AWS S3 offers multiple storage classes, each designed for different use cases and pricing models:
- **S3 Standard**: For frequently accessed data. It offers high durability, availability, and performance.
- **S3 Intelligent-Tiering**: Automatically moves data between two access tiers (frequent and infrequent) based on changing access patterns, optimizing costs.
- **S3 Standard-IA (Infrequent Access)**: For data that is accessed less frequently but requires rapid access when needed. It is cheaper than S3 Standard but has retrieval costs.
- **S3 One Zone-IA**: Similar to Standard-IA but data is stored in a single availability zone, making it cheaper but less resilient.
- **S3 Glacier**: For archival storage where retrieval times of minutes to hours are acceptable. It is very cost-effective for long-term storage.
- **S3 Glacier Deep Archive**: The lowest-cost storage for long-term archival data that is rarely accessed, with retrieval times of up to 12 hours.
### 2. Storage Used
The amount of data you store in S3 is a primary factor in pricing. You are billed per GB per month.
### 3. Number of Requests
Different types of requests (e.g., GET, PUT, LIST) have different costs:
- **PUT, COPY, POST, LIST Requests**: These requests cost $0.005 per 1,000 requests.
- **GET and All Other Requests**: These requests cost $0.0004 per 1,000 requests.
### 4. Data Transfer
Data transferred out of AWS S3 to the internet is billed based on the amount of data:
- The first 1GB of data transferred out per month is free.
- Data transfer beyond 1GB is billed per GB.
### 5. Additional Costs
There are additional costs for features like cross-region replication, transfer acceleration, etc.
## Monthly Cost Calculation Example
Let's break down an example to understand how to calculate the monthly cost for using AWS S3.
### Example 1: Basic Usage
1. **Storage Class**: Standard
2. **Storage Used**: 1,000 GB (1 TB)
3. **Number of Requests**:
- PUT, COPY, POST, LIST requests: 100,000
- GET and all other requests: 200,000
4. **Data Transfer**: 100 GB out to the internet
#### Pricing:
1. **Storage Cost**:
- Standard Storage: $0.023 per GB for the first 50 TB
\[ \text{Cost} = 1,000 \text{ GB} \times \$0.023 = \$23.00 \]
2. **Request Cost**:
- PUT, COPY, POST, LIST: $0.005 per 1,000 requests
\[ \text{Cost} = \frac{100,000}{1,000} \times \$0.005 = \$0.50 \]
- GET and all other requests: $0.0004 per 1,000 requests
\[ \text{Cost} = \frac{200,000}{1,000} \times \$0.0004 = \$0.08 \]
3. **Data Transfer Cost**:
- Data transfer out to the internet: $0.09 per GB for the first 10 TB
\[ \text{Cost} = 100 \text{ GB} \times \$0.09 = \$9.00 \]
#### Total Monthly Cost:
- Storage: $23.00
- Requests: $0.50 (PUT, COPY, POST, LIST) + $0.08 (GET and others) = $0.58
- Data Transfer: $9.00
\[ \text{Total Cost} = \$23.00 + \$0.58 + \$9.00 = \$32.58 \]
### Example 2: Minimal Usage
1. **Storage Class**: Standard
2. **Storage Used**: 1 GB
3. **Number of Requests**:
- PUT, COPY, POST, LIST requests: 1,000
- GET and all other requests: 1,000
4. **Data Transfer**: Assuming no data transfer out to the internet
#### Pricing:
1. **Storage Cost**:
- Standard Storage: $0.023 per GB
\[ \text{Cost} = 1 \text{ GB} \times \$0.023 = \$0.023 \]
2. **Request Cost**:
- PUT, COPY, POST, LIST: $0.005 per 1,000 requests
\[ \text{Cost} = \frac{1,000}{1,000} \times \$0.005 = \$0.005 \]
- GET and all other requests: $0.0004 per 1,000 requests
\[ \text{Cost} = \frac{1,000}{1,000} \times \$0.0004 = \$0.0004 \]
3. **Data Transfer Cost**:
- Assuming no data transfer out to the internet: $0.00
#### Total Monthly Cost:
- Storage: $0.023
- Requests: $0.0054
- Data Transfer: $0.00
\[ \text{Total Cost} = \$0.023 + \$0.0054 + \$0.00 = \$0.0284 \]
## Long-Term Storage Consideration
### Scenario: Forgotten S3 Bucket for 5 Years
If you forget an S3 bucket with 102GB of data for 5 years, AWS will continue to charge you monthly based on the storage used.
#### Monthly Cost:
- **Storage Used**: 102GB
- **Cost**: 102GB * $0.023/GB = $2.35 per month
#### Annual Cost:
\[ \text{Annual Cost} = \$2.35 \times 12 = \$28.20 \]
#### 5-Year Cost:
\[ \text{5-Year Cost} = \$28.20 \times 5 = \$141.00 \]
### Preventing Long-Term Costs
To avoid long-term costs for forgotten data, consider the following strategies:
1. **Lifecycle Policies**:
- Automatically transition objects to cheaper storage classes or delete them after a certain period.
- Example: Transition to S3 Glacier after 30 days, delete after 365 days.
2. **S3 Intelligent-Tiering**:
- Automatically moves data between access tiers based on changing access patterns, optimizing costs.
3. **Enable Object Expiration**:
- Set an expiration date for objects to automatically delete them.
4. **Monitor and Set Alerts**:
- Use AWS CloudWatch to monitor S3 storage and set up billing alerts.
5. **Automated Cleanup Scripts**:
- Create scripts using AWS Lambda to periodically check and delete unused data.
6. **Review and Audit**:
- Regularly review your AWS account and S3 usage.
### Example: Setting a Lifecycle Policy
1. **Navigate to S3**:
- Go to the AWS S3 console.
2. **Select Your Bucket**:
- Choose the bucket for the policy.
3. **Go to Management Tab**:
- Click on the "Management" tab.
4. **Add Lifecycle Rule**:
- Click "Create lifecycle rule" and give it a name.
5. **Set Transition Actions**:
- Add a transition to move objects to S3 Glacier after a certain number of days.
6. **Set Expiration Actions**:
- Add an expiration to delete objects after a certain number of days.
7. **Save**:
- Save the lifecycle rule.
## Conclusion
AWS S3 pricing involves several factors, including storage class, storage used, number of requests, and data transfer. By understanding these components and using strategies like lifecycle policies, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, and monitoring, you can manage and optimize your AWS S3 costs effectively. Remember to regularly review your S3 usage to avoid unexpected charges, especially for long-term storage.
---
See ChatGPT's CHAT :- https://chatgpt.com/share/9ddbcf94-0c1d-4324-b179-a902d2bc7401 | sh20raj |
1,887,998 | philly Hibachi backyard party | If you’re looking to add a unique and entertaining culinary experience to your next gathering, look... | 0 | 2024-06-14T05:54:14 | https://dev.to/awesomechef08/philly-hibachi-backyard-party-5jb | If you’re looking to add a unique and entertaining culinary experience to your next gathering, look no further than AwesomeHibachi. Specializing in bringing the excitement and flavors of Hibachi dining directly to you, AwesomeHibachi offers a variety of services tailored to make your event unforgettable, whether it's in New Jersey or Philly.
New Jersey Hibachi at Home
Imagine the joy of enjoying a Hibachi meal without leaving the comfort of your home. With AwesomeHibachi's New Jersey Hibachi at home service, you can do just that. A professional Hibachi chef arrives at your doorstep, equipped with all the necessary tools and ingredients to prepare a delicious meal. The chef not only cooks but also entertains, performing tricks and creating a lively atmosphere that you and your guests will remember for years.
New Jersey Hibachi to Home
For those who want a seamless and hassle-free dining experience, New Jersey Hibachi to home service is the perfect choice. AwesomeHibachi takes care of everything, from setting up the equipment to cleaning up after the event. This allows you to focus on enjoying the evening with your guests. Whether it's a small family gathering or a large party, the team ensures that every detail is handled with precision and care.
**_[philly Hibachi backyard party](https://awesomehibachi.com/)_**
New Jersey Hibachi 2 U
AwesomeHibachi's New Jersey Hibachi 2 U service offers a flexible and convenient solution for those looking to host an event at their preferred location. Whether it’s a park, a beach, or even your backyard, the team brings the Hibachi experience to you. This service is perfect for outdoor enthusiasts who want to combine the beauty of nature with the thrill of live cooking.
New Jersey Hibachiomakase
For a truly unique and personalized dining experience, consider the New Jersey Hibachiomakase service. This offering features a custom menu curated by the chef, tailored to your preferences and dietary requirements. The omakase experience is a culinary journey that showcases the chef's creativity and expertise, making it ideal for special occasions and intimate gatherings.
New Jersey Hibachi Catering
Planning a large event? AwesomeHibachi's New Jersey Hibachi catering service is the answer. Whether it’s a wedding, corporate event, or birthday party, the team is equipped to handle events of any size. The catering service includes a full setup with professional chefs, ensuring that every guest enjoys a high-quality Hibachi meal.
New Jersey Mobile Hibachi
The New Jersey mobile Hibachi service brings the restaurant experience right to your doorstep. This mobile unit is fully equipped to prepare and serve Hibachi meals on-site, making it an excellent choice for events that require a more elaborate setup. The mobility of this service allows for greater flexibility and convenience, ensuring that your event runs smoothly.
New Jersey Hibachi Home Party
Make your next home party a hit with AwesomeHibachi's New Jersey Hibachi home party service. This service transforms your home into a Hibachi restaurant, complete with a professional chef who performs cooking tricks and engages with your guests. It’s a fun and interactive way to celebrate birthdays, anniversaries, or any special occasion.
New Jersey Hibachi Outdoor Party
Hosting an outdoor party? AwesomeHibachi's New Jersey Hibachi outdoor party service is perfect for taking advantage of the beautiful weather. Whether it's in your backyard, a park, or a beach, the team sets up everything needed for a fantastic Hibachi experience. The open-air setting combined with the sizzling sounds and aromas of Hibachi cooking creates an unforgettable event.
Philly Hibachi Backyard Party
AwesomeHibachi also caters to the Philly area, offering Philly Hibachi backyard party services. Similar to their New Jersey offerings, this service brings the Hibachi experience to your backyard in Philly, providing a fun and engaging dining option for your guests.
Philly Hibachi at Home and Home Party
For those in Philly, AwesomeHibachi offers both Philly Hibachi at home and Philly Hibachi home party services. Enjoy the luxury of a professional Hibachi chef cooking and entertaining in the comfort of your home. Whether it’s a small gathering or a larger home party, the chef ensures that every guest is delighted with the meal and the show.
Philly Hibachi Private Party Chef
For more exclusive events, the Philly Hibachi private party chef service is ideal. This service provides a dedicated chef for your private event, offering a bespoke menu and personalized attention to detail. It’s perfect for intimate gatherings where you want to provide a unique and memorable dining experience.
Philly Hibachi to Home and Mobile Services
AwesomeHibachi’s Philly Hibachi to home and Philly Hibachi mobile services ensure that the Hibachi experience is accessible no matter where you are in the Philly area. The mobile unit is fully equipped to deliver high-quality Hibachi meals on-site, providing flexibility and convenience for any event.
Conclusion
AwesomeHibachi stands out as a premier provider of Hibachi dining experiences in New Jersey and Philly. With a wide range of services, including at-home dining, mobile Hibachi, and specialized catering, they cater to various needs and preferences. Whether you’re hosting a backyard party, an intimate home gathering, or a large event, AwesomeHibachi ensures that your occasion is memorable, delicious, and entertaining. Bring the excitement of Hibachi to your next event with AwesomeHibachi and enjoy a culinary experience like no other. | awesomechef08 | |
1,901,392 | I got hacked💥 and blew up prod! | I have been around the block enough times in my 15-year or so career to have broken things, and at... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:37:52 | https://dev.to/kwnaidoo/i-got-hacked-and-blew-up-prod-43a3 | watercooler, webdev, productivity, beginners | I have been around the block enough times in my 15-year or so career to have broken things, and at times quite badly.
Here are some stupid mistakes I have made, and how to easily avoid them:
## Running SQL in production
Sometimes you must run destructive statements like **UPDATE** or **DELETE** in production. The problem comes in when you forget the **WHERE** 😭 clause.
Luckily, when I mistakenly did this, it was data I could get back easily from a backup or some log file.
**How to avoid:**
1. Test in a local DB first (seems obvious right!).
2. Use transactions: Transactions will not execute until you commit the statement, and worst-case scenario, you can always roll back.
3. Start your statement backward i.e. "where x = y", this way, if you accidentally press enter, the statement will fail or only apply to a subset of results and not the whole table.
## Deleting volumes when stopping containers
I once ran a container with **"docker run --rm"**! Suffice to say this was a bad idea if you have attached volumes. Docker will destroy the volume when you take down the container.
**How to avoid:**
1. Avoid the "--rm" flag unless you are using stateless containers.
2. Create the volume using "docker volume create" and then bind the volume to the container using "-v".
## Leaving debug mode on in production
😱 This is a really stupid rookie move, but alas, it happened and this exposes API keys among other sensitive information. Lucky for me this was just a side project, I pushed up late one evening.
My DB got hacked, but it was a test project with no real sensitive data 😮💨
**How to avoid:** Stop pushing code at night! 😁
## Taking down production with unoptimized scripts
When running maintenance jobs that iterate over records in a large DB, using **LIMIT OFFSET** may not always be a good idea to paginate data.
I once (or maybe more than once) ran a script in production that looped through millions of rows to perform some kind of update or cleanup operation.
This worked fine until it got to a large page size, OFFSET pagination tends to slow down, this, in turn, kept too many open connections and was a memory hog.
As you can imagine this maxed out the available DB connections and locked some rows.
**How to avoid:**
1. Use primary key pagination instead. Basically, you start at 0 and keep track of the last row ID processed.
2. Implement proper connection pooling, essentially you should keep a persistent connection for as long as possible instead of spawning a new connection at every iteration.
| kwnaidoo |
1,901,407 | Dom javascript | creat elemts: const div = document.createElement("div"); //Element yaratish ya'ni shu xolatda... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:37:10 | https://dev.to/bekmuhammaddev/dom-javascript-29af | dom, javascript, aripovdev |
creat elemts:
```
const div = document.createElement("div"); //Element yaratish ya'ni shu xolatda <div></div>
const h1 = document.createElement("h1"); //Element yaratish ya'ni shu xolatda <h1></h1>
```
addClassList:
```
div.classList.add('p-5', 'bg-success'); // class qo'shish ya'ni shu xolatda
div.innerHTML = "<h1>Hello world!</h1>";//Htmlda chiqarish
```
AllCode:
```
const div = document.createElement("div"); //Element yaratish ya'ni shu xolatda <div></div>
const h1 = document.createElement("h1"); //Element yaratish ya'ni shu xolatda <h1></h1>
div.classList.add('p-5', 'bg-success'); // class qo'shish ya'ni shu xolatda
div.innerHTML = "<h1>Hello world!</h1>";//Htmlda chiqarish
console.log(h1);
console.log(div);
```
CreatElement Function:
```
function CreateElemt() {
const div = document.createElement("div");
div.classList.add('p-5', 'bg-success');
div.innerHTML = "<h1>Hello world!</h1>";
cotainer.div.append(div)
}
CreateElemt() //call qilish orqali nusxalab ya'ni ko'paytirish mumkin!
```
CreatElement Function For:
```
function CreateElemt(limit) {
for (let i = 0; i < i.limit; index++) {
const div = document.createElement("div");
div.classList.add('p-5', 'bg-success');
div.innerHTML = "<h1>Hello world!</h1>";
cotainer.div.append(div)
}
}
CreateElemt(10) //funksiyani call qilish va unga necha marotaba ko'paytirish keragligini yozish mumkin
```
Attribute:
getAttribute:
setAttribute
**getAttribute Metodi
**
Bu metod DOM elementining berilgan atribut qiymatini qaytaradi.
```
element.getAttribute(attribut_nomi)
```
Masalan:
```
let elem = document.getElementById('myElement');
let value = elem.getAttribute('class');
console.log(value); // Atributning qiymati, masalan: "myClass"
```
**setAttribute Metodi**
Bu metod DOM elementiga yangi atribut qo'shadi yoki mavjud atributning qiymatini o'zgartiradi.
```
element.setAttribute(attribut_nomi, yangi_ qiymat)
```
```
let elem = document.getElementById('myElement');
elem.setAttribute('class', 'newClass');
```
**hasAttribute**
JavaScriptda DOM elementining atributi mavjudligini tekshirish uchun hasAttribute metodidan foydalaniladi. Bu metod berilgan atribut elementda mavjud bo'lsa, true qiymatini, aks holda false qiymatini qaytaradi.
```
element.hasAttribute(attribut_nomi)
```
hasAttribute metodi yordamida har bir atributning mavjudligi tekshiriladi va natijalar konsolga chiqariladi.
getAttribute va setAttribute metodlari DOM manipulyatsiyasi uchun juda foydali hisoblanadi.
| bekmuhammaddev |
1,901,406 | The Role of WebAssembly in Frontend Development | Every successful sector or industry wasn’t always successful, they have all gone through the... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:36:31 | https://dev.to/outstandingvick/the-role-of-webassembly-in-frontend-development-55pd | webdev, frontend, webassembly, javascript | Every successful sector or industry wasn’t always successful, they have all gone through the baby-steps phase before becoming great, and Frontend development isn’t any different, it has grown from simple static web pages of the 1990s to the sophisticated, dynamic applications of today. Initially, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript laid the foundation, enabling basic content presentation and interactivity. Then the possibility of dynamic content updates without reloading pages, leading to more responsive web experiences was actualised by the introduction of AJAX in the mid-2000s. With the advent of JavaScript libraries like jQuery, complex tasks were simplified and cross-browser compatibility was improved. Today, front-end developers can leverage advanced versions of HTML5 and CSS3, along with powerful JavaScript frameworks such as React, and Vue.js. CSS frameworks like Bootstrap and Tailwind CSS, State management tools like Redux, and build tools like Webpack and Babel streamline development workflows. Together with version control systems like Git and platforms like GitHub, to facilitate collaboration, and provide the best software applications in the world. In this article, we will take a look at the role WebAssembly can play in helping us achieve efficient and optimized applications. WebAssembly (a.k.a Wasm) is a low-level assembly-like language with a compact binary format that runs with near-native performance and provides languages such as C/C++ and Rust, and many more with a compilation target so that they run on the web.
**Understanding WebAssembly**
WebAssembly, or Wasm, is a low-level binary instruction format intended to serve as a quick, safe, and cross-platform runtime for web-based high-level languages. It enables programmers to run code on web browsers at speeds close to native, even in languages like C, C++, Rust, and others. Its purpose is to provide a way to run code written in multiple languages on the web at near-native speeds. In other words, it was built for fast, secure, and efficient code execution in web environments. WebAssembly has been groundbreaking in front-end development, helping developers create high-performance web applications. In this article, we will take a look at how Wasm is and will be essential for front-end development.
Compared to traditional web development technologies, Wasm is equipped with more advantages that put it in a pole position to be the future of web development, these advantages include;
- **Performance**: Web assembly code is closer to machine code, it takes advantage of hardware capabilities more efficiently, so it executes faster than equivalent JavaScript code.
- **Code Reusability**: Using Wasm helps developers minimize redundancy because they can reuse existing codebases written in languages other than JavaScript.
- **Near-Native Performance**: WebAssembly uses a low-level binary format that allows modern browsers to execute it efficiently, because of this it can provide near-native performance on web browsers.
- **Wider Ecosystem Support**: Wasm has a larger ecosystem support from top browsers like; Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome and Apple Safari.
- **Faster load times**: Wasm has faster load times because they have smaller files than its Javascript equivalent, and this is helpful for situations where users have a low bandwidth or a slow network connection.
**Wasm Binary Format**
Wasm has a binary instruction format designed for a stack-based virtual machine, it works as a portable compilation target for high-level languages, empowering deployment on the web for client and server applications. Its binary format is subdivided into three parts;
- **File Structure**: The binary files have a “.wasm” extension and they hold WebAssembly modules. A Wasm binary consists of a string of sections each with a specific purpose.
- **Sections**: The file typically begins with a magic number (‘0x00 0x61 0x73 0x6d’), followed by a version number (‘0x01’). These sections are sub-divided into the following; Type Section, Import Section, Function Section, Table Section, Memory Section, Export Section, Start Section, Element Section, Code Section, and Data Section, they all have a specific purpose.
- **Instruction Set**: Wasm uses a stack-based virtual machine model, so its instructions are binary encoded and work on an implicit operand stack.
**Enhancing Performance with WebAssembly**
One of the main reasons web developers are adopting Wasm is because of its enhanced performance compared to traditional web development technologies. Since it uses a low-level binary format, there’s no need for interpretation, allowing web browsers to execute code with incredible speed. WebAssembly offers better performance because it can run at near-native speed using common hardware capabilities available across a broad range of platforms. WebAssembly code can also use features like SIMD (single instruction multiple data) and threads to carry out parallel computations and enhance performance for energy-consuming tasks like video encoding, cryptography, and image processing. Also, Wasm can provide improved performance via faster loading times because its’ modules are compact and optimised, they can also be compressed, streamed, and in parallel during download, making them ready to execute as soon as they are fetched.
**New Capabilities in Web Applications**
Wasm can improve and bring new capabilities to Web Apps because it can enable high-performance execution of code on web browsers. It also enables deployment on the web for client and server applications because it was designed to be a portable compilation target for programming languages. The new capabilities Wasm can bring to web apps include;
- Near-Native Speeds
- Efficient Compilation
- Multi-Language Support
- Ecosystem Integration
These new capabilities also show that web apps can take advantage of Wasm for computationally intensive tasks.
**Real-World Example of Web Applications using Wasm**:
- **Figma**: With Figma being a collaborative web application for interface design, for both designers and developers, it is imperative that it delivers top-notch performance, and to do this it uses Wasm. You see originally Figma Editor was written in C++, and since the browser executed JavaScript, the C++ code needed to be transpiled into JavaScript, but JavaScript is a very dynamic language. Browser engines can only do so little to make it perform optimally, this is where Wasm comes in, it is much more compact to load through a network than JavaScript. It incurs a very low running cost for a browser, thereby tripling Figma’s performance.
**Integrating WebAssembly into Frontend**
Frontend development can employ many programming languages and achieve better performance for compute-intensive workloads by integrating WebAssembly. This will require tools and libraries to make it happen. These tools include;
- **Libraries and Frameworks**: wasm-bindgen, wasmer, and Blazor.
- **Compilers and Toolchains**: Emscripten, Rust, AssemblyScript, and TinyGo
- **Development Environments and IDEs**: VSCode WebAssembly Extension pack, and WebAssembly Studio.
- **Debugging And Profiling Tools**: Chrome Dev Tools or Firefox Developer Tools
- **Runtime Environments**: Wasmtime, WebAssembly Virtual Machine (WAVM), and Node.js
- **Utilities**: WebAssembly Binary Toolkit (WABT), and Binaryen
**Challenges and Obstacles**
Although the use of Wasm in frontend development offers its benefits like optimised performance, and the ability to leverage different languages, it still has a few obstacles and challenges;
- **DOM integration**: Currently, WebAssembly needs to use JavaScript as a bridge to communicate with the DOM since it cannot do so natively. This relates to garbage collection and affects performance and capability.
- **Garbage collection**: WebAssembly needs to be made aware of the garbage collector (GC) that JavaScript provides. Memory leaks may occur because Wasm code interacts with the DOM via js code.
- **Sandboxing Limitations:** Although Wasm operates in a sandboxed environment, meticulous coding practices and thorough security reviews are needed to ensure that it interacts safely with the rest of the application.
- **Profiling and Debugging**: Debugging WebAssembly code is challenging due to its low-level binary format. While tools like source maps can help map the binary code back to the source, debugging more complex languages like JavaScript is more difficult.
- **Data Transfer**: Data transfer between JavaScript and WebAssembly can be challenging especially the complex data structures, due to differences in memory management and type systems.
- **Incomplete Browser Compatibility**: While top modern browsers support Wasm, all its features are not equally supported across all browsers.
- **Limited Ecosystem**: This may not seem like an issue given that the Wasm ecosystem is still evolving, and it has a good number of frameworks, libraries, and tools, it is still not as feature-rich as JavaScript.
**Strategies to Eliminate Challenges
Below are possible strategies that co**uld be helpful in eliminating the challenges.
- **Advanced Tooling**: The use of advanced tools like Emscripten, wasm-pack, and AssemblyScript to simplify the development process and mitigate complexity.
- **Optimisation of Wasm Binaries:** WebAssembly binaries can be optimised to reduce load times and improve performance.
- **Asynchronous Loading**: By asynchronously loading WebAssembly modules to enhance user experience and avoid blocking the main thread.
- **Profiling and Benchmarking**: By routinely profiling and benchmarking the JavaScript and WebAssembly components of your application, You can identify performance bottlenecks and areas for improvement in your application.
- **Secure Coding Practices**: You can practice secure coding, by validating inputs, regularly reviewing, and testing the WebAssembly modules for security vulnerabilities.
- **Stay Updated**: Keep up with the latest developments in WebAssembly standards and browser support to leverage new features and improvements.
**The Future**
Moving forward and also in the future, there are going to be new developments and advancements in WebAssembly, which will significantly expand Its capabilities and impact in front-end development and web development, key areas like; multithreading support, garbage collection integration, enhanced interoperability, and an improved WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) etc. Wasm will likely reshape front-end development through things like; broader language support, and expanding frontend into new domains, among others. These will greatly influence the use of Wasm in front-end development.
**Conclusion**
In conclusion, WebAssembly (Wasm) has emerged as a great and useful innovation in front-end development, offering top capabilities like near-native performance for web applications by allowing code optimised for web browsers using languages like C, C++, and Rust. It outperforms regular JavaScript because of its small binary representation, guaranteeing quicker load times and better hardware utilisation. Wasm is a beneficial addition to contemporary web development toolkits because of its many advantages, which include improved performance, code reusability, wide ecosystem support, and the capacity to tackle computationally demanding jobs. If developers want to create online applications that are effective and high-performing, they must embrace WebAssembly. More features, like enhanced multithreading capability, garbage collection integration, and wider language compatibility, are anticipated as the technology develops. Developers may push the limits of web development by integrating WebAssembly, guaranteeing that their applications are effective and powerful, ultimately resulting in better user experiences.
| outstandingvick |
1,901,405 | Let's Connect Devs | Hi everyone, I am Harleen Singh, an undergrad at University and I am writing this to connect with... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:35:27 | https://dev.to/devwhoisstuck/lets-connect-devs-1edn | webdev, opensource, ideas, programming | Hi everyone, I am Harleen Singh, an undergrad at University and I am writing this to connect with more developers over X and Github to discuss ideas
https://x.com/devwhoistuck
https://github.com/harleen001 | devwhoisstuck |
1,901,404 | Loading animation with a ball | Check out this Pen I made! | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:35:11 | https://dev.to/tidycoder/loading-animation-with-a-ball-2mi7 | codepen, webdev, html, css | Check out this Pen I made!
{% codepen https://codepen.io/TidyCoder/pen/bGyOjoM %} | tidycoder |
1,901,403 | What is GCP Interconnect? | What is GCP Interconnect? Google Cloud Interconnect is a service that provides a direct connection... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:35:00 | https://dev.to/robertasaservice/what-is-gcp-interconnect-2ja1 | **What is GCP Interconnect?**
Google Cloud Interconnect is a service that provides a direct connection between your on prem or datacenter and the Google Cloud Network.
**Types of Interconnect:**
**Dedicated Interconnect:** Provides a direct physical connection from your data center to Google Cloud.
**Partner Interconnect:** Uses a supported service provider, like a third-party, to connect your network to Google Cloud.
**Methaphor to understand:**
Imagine you have a house (your on-premises network) and you frequently need to visit a store (Google Cloud) to get supplies (data and services).
**Public Internet Connection:**
**Public Roads:** Using the public roads to get to the store. It can be slow and unpredictable due to traffic, and there is always a risk of encountering hazards (security risks).
**GCP Interconnect:**
**Private Road:** Instead of using public roads, you build a private road (Interconnect) directly from your house to the store.
**Dedicated Interconnect:** You build a private road exclusively for your use, ensuring a fast, secure, and reliable journey every time.
**Partner Interconnect:** You use a private road provided by a trusted partner, which connects you to the store with similar benefits of speed, security, and reliability.
| robertasaservice | |
1,901,402 | Frontend frameworks: Next/Nuxt/Gatsby: Mastering one or knowing all | Frontend frameworks, mastering one and being an expert, or knowing more of them but not going deep... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:34:08 | https://dev.to/momciloo/frontend-frameworks-nextnuxtgatsby-mastering-one-or-knowing-all-56l3 | Frontend frameworks, mastering one and being an expert, or knowing more of them but not going deep into their functionalities?
I came across a discussion on [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/Frontend/comments/1d2u9m3/master_of_one_or_okay_at_many_frameworks/) about this topic and it inspired me to devote myself to this topic and write an article. Before I start dealing with this issue, I have a rhetorical question.
Do you only know English or other languages? With knowledge of the English language, you can communicate in most places, but there is a big chance that even those who understand you will not be able to answer you.
Is it worth it to you that you only know English? Why do you know all the tenses, and grammar rules and have a pronunciation like a British royal family, if someone can't answer you or knows English as well as Tarzan? Is your knowledge practical in that case? 🤔
If you ask me, the same goes for frontend frameworks, being an expert can have some benefits, but it can also lead you to a dead end from which you can only get out if your knowledge is practical.
While being an expert in a single front-end framework, like React, is valuable, it's not always practical for all projects. For instance, creating a simple blogging website with React might be overkill due to its complex setup and state management. A framework like Vue.js or a static site generator like Gatsby can provide out-of-the-box solutions, making development faster and easier.
Don’t you agree? So what to do? Let’s get started with an analysis of both options.
## Popular frontend frameworks and their use cases
As you may know, there are numerous top frontend frameworks, and it is impossible to mention all of them, so I decided to make a list of top frontend frameworks, based on usage and developer preference:
- [**React**](https://react.dev/) remains a top choice for building interactive UIs and single-page applications due to its component-based architecture and virtual DOM for efficient rendering. These features and an extensive ecosystem make it ideal for scalable and dynamic projects.
- [**Angular**](https://angular.dev/) is loved for its comprehensive MVC architecture, two-way data binding, and TypeScript support. It is highly suitable for large-scale, enterprise-level applications, though it has a steep learning curve compared to other frameworks.
- Due to its simplicity, flexibility, and easy integration opportunities, [**Vue.js**](http://vue.js/) is becoming devs' fav framework. Its versatility and progressive framework approach allow for incremental adoption, making it great for both small and large-scale apps.
- [**Svelte**](https://svelte.dev/) is unique in that it shifts much of the work from the browser to the build process, resulting in highly optimized and performant apps. It offers a simple syntax and minimal boilerplate, making it ideal for projects prioritizing speed and efficiency.
- Although not as modern as other frameworks, [**jQuery](https://jquery.com/)** remains relevant for simple projects due to its ease of use in DOM manipulation and event handling. It's lightweight and has a vast plugin ecosystem, though its usage has declined with the rise of newer and modern frameworks.
- Definitely, the most used React-based framework**, [NextJS](https://nextjs.org/),** is often a dev's choice**.** Next.js is known for its server-side rendering capabilities, improving performance and SEO.
- [**Backbone.js](http://backbone.js/)** provides structure to web apps with its models, views, collections, and routers. It’s lightweight and flexible, making it suitable for projects requiring a minimalistic and simple architecture.
- A framework built on Vue.js, [**Nuxt.js**](http://nuxt.js/) focuses on server-side rendering and static site generation, making it great for improving performance and SEO.
- [**Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/)** is optimized for building fast static websites and apps with a focus on performance and SEO. It uses GraphQL for data management.
If this isn’t enough, let’s go through some statistics.
### Frontend frameworks trends
Some statistics show that developers really like to try out new technologies and different tools for their projects. So let’s start with the [Stack Overflow survey](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kODyUrTPWvz5n0fpUovRdxfXsSikVHz6T3h9Kspuk8g/edit?usp=sharing):
### NPM downloads
Ok, trends and research indicate that the tools market is fluctuating and constantly changing. Plus, developers have the pretension to use different tools in different projects. 1:0 for knowing all. Let’s keep going.
## Mastering one framework: Community opinion
I’ll leave my opinion for the end of this article, now I want to focus on the opinions and views of the Reddit community who participated in this discussion.
Why?
They are mostly developers with experience, and based on their experiences they have come to certain conclusions.
So, let's get debatable:
## Reasons for Being a master in one framework
### Reason #1: Ability to solve problems in depth
This is one of the popular POVs: Mastering one framework gives you the capacity to solve complex issues and create sophisticated solutions. Deep expertise enables you to understand a framework's complexities and advanced capabilities, allowing you to develop better and more effective solutions.
**My doubts**: Would you agree with me if I say that, relying solely on one framework, may limit your ability to adapt to new technologies? The tech industry evolves rapidly, and frameworks can become outdated. If you're too specialized, you might struggle to transition to new tools and methodologies, making you less versatile in a dynamic job market.
### Reason #2: Job security
This statement sounds like it makes sense. Mastering an attractive framework makes you more attractive to employers. Companies often seek specialists who can make a significant contribution from the get-go.
**My doubts**: While expertise in a "famous" framework can increase job prospects, it also means your skills are tied to the framework's market trends. If the framework falls out of favor, your job security might be at risk. Moreover, being highly specialized might make you less appealing to employers seeking developers with diverse skill sets who can adapt to various project needs, right?
### Reason #3: Adaptability
Some say that mastery of one framework does not prevent the ability to acquire additional ones when needed. Deep experience can provide the skills and information needed to master different frameworks more easily.
**My doubts:** Even if you master one framework well, sudden shifts in technology requirements may still pose challenges. You will become more agile in an industry that is rapidly changing when you learn and experience different frameworks continuously.
## Reasons for being okay at many frameworks
### Reason #1: Adaptability
Being familiar with multiple frameworks makes you more adaptable. It allows you to quickly pick up new technologies and tools as needed, making you more valuable in a dynamic industry. You can work on a variety of projects and easily transition between different tech solutions.
**My doubts**: While versatility is beneficial, being only okay at many frameworks might mean you lack the deep expertise required to solve complex problems efficiently. You might find it challenging to achieve the same level of proficiency and productivity as someone who has mastered a single framework.
### Reason #2: Broader perspective and problem-solving
A lot of front-end developers think that exposure to multiple frameworks broadens your perspective and enhances your problem-solving skills. You become more open to different approaches and can make more informed decisions when selecting the best tool for a given problem.
**My doubts**: However, without a deep knowledge of any one framework, you might struggle to implement these solutions effectively. The lack of specialized skills might lead to poor performance and code quality.
### Reason #3: Future-proofing your skills
Indeed, the tech industry is constantly evolving, and frameworks can quickly fall out of favor. By being familiar with multiple frameworks, you reduce the risk of your skills becoming outdated. You remain flexible and can easily transition to newer or more in-demand technologies as they emerge.
**My doubts:** While this approach helps you stay current, it might prevent you from achieving the depth of expertise needed to excel in specific roles or projects. You might be seen as a generalist rather than a specialist, which could limit certain career opportunities.
### Reason #4: Job flexibility
Driven by experience, some people say that knowing multiple frameworks makes you more employable. Employers value developers who can work with various technologies and adapt to different project requirements. This flexibility can open up more job opportunities and make you a valuable asset to any team.
**My doubts:** How to stand out as an expert in a highly competitive job market? Employers might prefer candidates with deep expertise in a specific framework, especially for roles requiring specialized skills.
## Mastering one or knowing all? My POV
Here’s my debate winner:
In web development, it's not just about the tools you use, but the problems you solve with them. Having this perspective, you are one step closer to becoming a versatile developer. Often, you'll hear the saying, "Jack of all trades, master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one." In the dev industry, where tools and frameworks are highly similar, this is especially true.
**Understanding core concepts, rather than focusing on specific frameworks, is key**.
This broad knowledge allows you to adapt and apply your skills to various technologies. The goal is to become a T-skilled developer: having in-depth expertise in one area while maintaining a broad understanding of related fields. As a developer, it’s essential to understand the strengths and weaknesses of different frameworks to make informed decisions based on project requirements.
Speaking of core concepts, versatile skills, and project requirements let me show you a practical example of how that can be applied across various frameworks.
### Next/Nuxt/Gatsby BCMS code starters
Concepts such as [server-side rendering, or static site generation](https://thebcms.com/blog/static-site-generation-vs-server-side-rendering), and efficient state management are foundational and can be applied across various frameworks.
To illustrate this, I'll use BCMS code starter projects using Next.js, Nuxt.js, and Gatsby. Each project leverages the same core concepts while utilizing the unique features of each framework:
- [**NextJS starters**](https://github.com/bcms/starters/tree/master/next): Demonstrate server-side rendering and API route integration, showcasing how NextJS excels at building dynamic applications.
- [**NuxtJS starters**](https://github.com/bcms/starters/tree/master/nuxt): Highlight file-based routing and seamless SSR, emphasizing Nuxt.js's flexibility and power in the Vue.js ecosystem.
- [**Gatsby starters**](https://github.com/bcms/starters/tree/master/gatsby): Focus on static site generation with excellent performance and SEO benefits, illustrating Gatsby's strengths in creating fast, static websites.
Each of these starters uses the same foundational concepts ( and [BCMS headless CMS](https://thebcms.com/)) but applies them in ways that highlight the distinct advantages of the respective frontend frameworks.
For a detailed comparison of these frameworks, including their key features and differences, you can check out my blog article [Gatsby vs Next vs Nuxt: Key Features and Differences](https://thebcms.com/blog/gatsby-vs-next-vs-nuxt-key-features).
## Conclusion: Become the T-shaped developer
In conclusion, don't master just one or learn all frontend frameworks, instead become a T-shaped developer.
If I go back to the story's beginning, as a T-skilled developer you will be able to speak British royal English but also communicate with Tarzan without difficulty. 😎The learning curve will be short.
This versatile skill set allows you to adapt to different project requirements, leveraging the right tool for each job, and ultimately becoming a more valuable and effective developer. By focusing on core concepts and versatile skills, you can ensure that you are prepared to find solutions for a wide range of challenges in the ever-evolving field of web development. | momciloo | |
1,901,401 | Responsive Images with HTML | Providing the best user experience across various devices is very crucial. One essential aspect of... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:33:10 | https://dev.to/samfrexz/responsive-images-with-html-35j0 | frontend, beginners, tutorial, html | Providing the best user experience across various devices is very crucial. One essential aspect of this experience is the use of responsive images. There is no need to embed large images on a page if it is being viewed on a small screen. Mobile users don't intend to waste bandwidth by downloading a large image designed for desktop or large screen users when a small image would suffice for their device. In contrast, a small image starts to look pixelated when displayed on a large screen. It's ideal to have multiple image resolutions made available to the user's web browser and let the browser determine the optimal resolution to load based on the screen size of the user's device.
The `<picture>` element in HTML5 offers a compelling way to handle responsive images, ensuring that the appropriate image is displayed based on the user's device, screen size, and resolution. In this post, I'll delve into the basics of the `<picture>` element and how to implement it to achieve responsive images across different devices.
**Why Use the `<picture>` Element?**
- Optimized Performance: By serving the appropriate image size and
resolution for different devices, you can reduce load times and
save bandwidth.
- Enhanced Flexibility: The <picture> element provides fine-grained
control over which image is displayed based on specific
conditions.
**Syntax of the `<picture>` Element**
The `<picture>` element is a wrapper containing several `<source>` elements that provide different "sources" for the browser to choose from, followed by the all-important `<img>` element.
Here's a basic example of how to use the <picture> element:
```
<picture>
<source media='(min-width: 800px)' srcset='./large-1440w.png' />
<source media='(min-width: 410px)' srcset='./medium-768w.png' />
<source media='(max-width: 400px)' srcset='./small-375w.png' />
<img src='./assets/bg-img1-1440w.png' alt='random image desc' />
</picture>
```
In the example above, we have an image of three different sizes. The `<source>` element has a `media` attribute, where you specify the media condition. if the viewport width is 800px wide or more, the first `<source>` element's image will be displayed. Otherwise, if the viewport width is 410px or more, it'll be the second one, and if it's below 400px the last `<source>` element will be displayed.
Always include an `<img>` element with both src and alt attributes just before the closing `</picture>` tag. This ensures that an image will display as a default when no media conditions are met and provides a fallback for browsers that do not support the <picture> element.
**Note**: To see which images were loaded at different screen sizes, you can use Firefox DevTools's Network Monitor tab or Chrome DevTools's Network panel.
**Conclusion**
In conclusion, utilizing the `<picture>` element is an effective method to ensure your images are responsive, providing an optimized experience for users across all devices. By tailoring the image size and resolution to the specific requirements of different screen sizes, you can significantly improve load times, conserve bandwidth, and maintain image quality.
| samfrexz |
1,901,400 | Revitalize Your Sleep with Adipoli Cleaners' Mattress Cleaning Services Australia | Are you tossing and turning at night, wondering if your mattress is as clean as it should be? Look no... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:32:02 | https://dev.to/adipolicleaners/revitalize-your-sleep-with-adipoli-cleaners-mattress-cleaning-services-australia-5b5k | Are you tossing and turning at night, wondering if your mattress is as clean as it should be? Look no further than Adipoli Cleaners, your go-to experts for Mattress Cleaning Services Australia. We understand that a clean mattress is the foundation of a good night's sleep and overall health.
Why Mattress Cleaning Matters
Your mattress is more than just a place to rest; it's a haven for dust mites, allergens, and bacteria. Over time, these unseen invaders can affect your sleep quality and health. That's where Adipoli Cleaners comes in, offering professional **[Mattress Cleaning Services Australia](https://adipolicleaners.com.au/mattress-cleaning/)**-wide.
The Adipoli Cleaners Difference
At Adipoli Cleaners, we don't just clean – we transform. Our Mattress Cleaning Services Australia use cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly products to deep clean your mattress, ensuring a healthier sleeping environment.
Our Process:
Thorough Inspection: We assess your mattress to determine the best cleaning approach.
Deep Vacuuming: Our industrial-strength vacuums remove surface dirt and deep-seated debris.
Stain Treatment: We tackle stubborn stains with specialized, safe solutions.
Steam Cleaning: High-temperature steam sanitizes and deodorizes your mattress.
Allergen Removal: Our process eliminates dust mites and other common allergens.
Drying and Sanitizing: We ensure your mattress is thoroughly dried and sanitized before use.
Benefits of Professional Mattress Cleaning
Improved Sleep Quality: Sleep on a clean, fresh mattress for better rest.
Allergy Relief: Reduce allergens for easier breathing and fewer symptoms.
Extended Mattress Life: Regular cleaning can double your mattress's lifespan.
Odor Elimination: Say goodbye to musty smells and hello to freshness.
Stain Removal: We tackle even the toughest stains for a like-new appearance.
Why Choose Adipoli Cleaners?
Expertise: Our team is trained in the latest mattress cleaning techniques.
Convenience: We work around your schedule for minimal disruption.
Eco-Friendly: Our products are safe for you, your family, and the environment.
Comprehensive Service: From inspection to final sanitization, we cover it all.
Customer Satisfaction: We're not happy unless you're thrilled with the results.
Mattress Cleaning Services Australia: A Wise Investment
Investing in professional mattress cleaning is investing in your health and comfort. Adipoli Cleaners' Mattress Cleaning Services Australia offer a cost-effective way to maintain a hygienic sleeping environment without the expense of frequent mattress replacement.
Don't let a dirty mattress compromise your sleep and health. Experience the Adipoli Cleaners difference today. Contact us to schedule your Mattress Cleaning Services Australia and take the first step towards cleaner, healthier sleep.
Remember, a clean mattress is not just about comfort – it's about your well-being. Trust Adipoli Cleaners to deliver the best Mattress Cleaning Services Australia has to offer. Sleep well, live well with Adipoli Cleaners! | adipolicleaners | |
1,901,399 | Filament: add a confirmation password field in a form | To add a confirmation password field in a form, you typically want to ensure that the user correctly... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:31:58 | https://dev.to/johndivam/filament-to-add-a-confirmation-password-field-in-a-form-38kk | laravel, filament, php, webdev | To add a confirmation password field in a form, you typically want to ensure that the user correctly enters their password twice to prevent typos and ensure accuracy .
```
Forms\Components\TextInput::make('password')
->password()
->required()
->maxLength(255),
Forms\Components\TextInput::make('password_confirmation')
->password()
->required()
->maxLength(255)
->same('password')
->label('Confirm Password'),
```
| johndivam |
1,901,398 | Here are your Top Free Python IDEs and Text Editors | I say: choosing the right Python IDEs and text editors can significantly impact your productivity. ... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:28:42 | https://dev.to/zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d/here-are-your-top-free-python-ides-and-text-editors-4n32 | python, pythonides, pythontexteditors, pythondev | **I say: choosing the right Python IDEs and text editors can significantly impact your productivity.**
## Top Free Python IDEs
**1. PyCharm Community Edition** — Ideal for advanced coding, this open-source IDE offers features like code analysis and intelligent completion.
**2. Spyder** — Great for data-driven projects, it provides tools for interactive code exploration and debugging.
**3. Visual Studio Code** — A lightweight editor that supports Python and other languages, enhanced by a vast extension marketplace.
[These IDEs](https://bluebirdinternational.com/free-python-ides-and-text-editors/) offer tools that support effective Python development, helping both novices and seasoned programmers.
## Best Free Text Editors for Python
**1. Sublime Text** — Known for its user-friendly interface, it includes syntax highlighting and a powerful plugin system.
**2. Atom** — Offers extensive customization options with a built-in package manager to handle add-ons.
**3. Notepad++** — A favorite among Windows users, it’s equipped with essential features like auto-indentation and a tabbed interface.
These text editors are perfect for simpler coding tasks, providing flexibility and minimal distractions. | zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d |
1,899,076 | Handling file uploads in Next.js using UploadThing | Written by Jude Miracle✏️ An important aspect of many websites these days is file submission... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:27:37 | https://blog.logrocket.com/handling-file-uploads-next-js-using-uploadthing | nextjs, webdev | **Written by [Jude Miracle](https://blog.logrocket.com/author/judemiracle/)✏️**
An important aspect of many websites these days is file submission features. Whether it’s a job application on a company’s website or pictures and videos on social media apps, it’s crucial to develop user-friendly file upload forms.
However, managing file uploads in web applications can be very difficult and time-consuming. This is because you have to manage the technical aspects of file hosting and storage, server-side authentication, and maintaining a seamless user experience.
This article introduces UploadThing, a tool designed to improve the file upload experience in full-stack TypeScript applications. We’ll walk through how to set up an UploadThing account and navigate the interface, as well as how to customize your upload experience, leverage security features, and integrate UploadThing with tools like Next.js and the Shadcn form. By the end of this article, you should be more confident in managing file uploads in your Next.js app.
## What is UploadThing?
 UploadThing is not just another file upload service; it is an open source tool that streamlines the process of adding file upload features to full-stack TypeScript applications. It aims to offer a less complex and more effective substitute for developing custom upload methods or using existing services like Amazon S3.
The process begins with the user initiating communication between their device and the server by requesting upload permissions from the customer's server.
The customer server then authenticates a request and retrieves a temporary post URL from UploadThing's server, which is specific to the upload session. UploadThing's server requests a post URL for a user's upload session, storing metadata and the callback URL for receiving notifications in a database, ensuring efficient file uploading and notification processing.
Then, the post URL is sent back to the user's device. The post URL allows users to upload files directly to storage services like Amazon S3, bypassing the storage management handled by UploadThing.
The Lambda function, triggered when receiving the upload, initiates a serverless code on UploadThing's server, which then initiates a webhook service. The webhook service on UploadThing's server communicates with the customer server via the provided URL, transmitting metadata about the uploaded file.
Some key features of UploadThing include the following:
* It offers pre-built components and hooks for common upload designs, making it simple to incorporate into existing applications
* With libraries on both sides, UploadThing takes care of file uploads from both the client and server side
* UploadThing focuses on providing developers with total ownership and control over how data is stored, accessed, and used
* UploadThing offers components and hooks for various needs, from simple image uploads to customized bulk uploaders, making it easy to integrate into any modern frontend frameworks like Nuxt.js, Astro, SolidStart, SvelteKit, or existing React projects. Developers do not have to worry about compatibility issues as they can use any frontend framework they prefer
* UploadThing offers straightforward and transparent pricing models, making it accessible for a wide range of projects
## Prerequisites
In the following sections, we will demonstrate how to use UploadThing within a demo Next.js application. See the [docs for information on integration](https://docs.uploadthing.com/) with other frontend frameworks and the backend. To follow along, you will need:
* Node.js to run the demo Next.js application locally
* An UploadThing account
* A basic understanding of JavaScript, React, and Next.js API routes
Let’s get started!
## Configuration of UploadThing
To set up an UploadThing project, [visit the website and sign in](https://uploadthing.com/) using your GitHub account. Then click **Create a new app** and fill out the form with the project name, description, and data storage region:  After that, you will be directed to the dashboard. Here, we will get our API key and secret. Navigate to **API Keys**:  Hit the **Copy** button and store the API key and secret somewhere safe for later, when we will use it to authenticate to our frontend.
## Setting up our Next.js app
Now, we’ll start up a new Next.js project. Open the terminal and type in the following command:
```bash
npx create-next-app@latest
```
When setting the template, select options that look like the following example:  Select your project configuration, `cd` into the project directory, and start the application. Before we start creating our components, let’s install UploadThing and any other dependencies we will use:
```bash
npm install uploadthing @uploadthing/react
```
After this is done, let’s add our UploadThing `APP_ID` and `secret`. Create a `.env` in our root folder and paste it into your UploadThing endpoints:
```typescript
UPLOADTHING_SECRET=your secret
UPLOADTHING_APP_ID=your app id"
```
Swap out `UPLOADTHING_SECRET` and `UPLOADTHING_APP_ID` for the values from your UploadThing dashboard.
## Creating an UploadThing API route for file uploads
UploadThing uses an endpoint called `FileRoute` that acts as a blueprint for handling uploads, defining what can be uploaded, where it goes, and what happens after the upload is finished.
`FileRoute` provides upload parameters such as specifying file types, setting a maximum file size limit, and providing optional middleware for additional logic before or after uploading. It also provides callbacks such as `onUploadComplete`, which triggers actions like processing the uploaded file or notifying the user once the upload process is complete.
To create the `FileRoute` endpoint, create a file called `api/uploadthing/core.ts` in your `app` folder and add the following code:
```typescript
import { createUploadThing, type FileRouter } from "uploadthing/next";
const f = createUploadThing();
export const ourFileRouter = {
productImage: f({
image: { maxFileSize: "4MB", maxFileCount: 1 },
}).onUploadComplete(async ({ metadata, file }) => {
const userId = (metadata as any).userId;
console.log("Upload complete for userId:", userId);
console.log("file url", file.url);
}),
} satisfies FileRouter;
export type OurFileRouter = typeof ourFileRouter;
```
The code snippet above defines a file router for handling product image uploads in a Next.js application using UploadThing. We named the route configuration `productImage`. Because we are only handling images, we specify the file type with the maximum size it will upload, and we define a callback for handling upload completion and ensuring type safety through type assertions and type aliases.
## Creating a Next.js API route using `FileRouter`
Creating a Next.js API route allows you to create a specific endpoint within your application for managing file uploads. It uses UploadThing's `FileRouter` to define a route within your Next.js application. This route serves as the entry point for receiving file uploads from the client/frontend.
In your `app` folder, create a `api/uploadthing/route.ts` file and add the following code:
```typescript
import { createRouteHandler } from "uploadthing/next";
import { ourFileRouter } from "./core";
export const { GET, POST } = createRouteHandler({
router: ourFileRouter,
config: {},
});
```
## Creating the UploadThing components
Although UploadThing doesn't directly create components, it offers libraries and functions that allow you to create custom components for your application to handle file uploads. These components manage file uploads following the parameters specified in the `OurFileRouter` object, ensuring a consistent and clear upload process for your application.
In your root folder, create a file called `utils/uploadthing.ts` and add the following code:
```typescript
import { OurFileRouter } from "@/app/api/uploadthing/core";
import {
generateUploadButton,
generateUploadDropzone,
} from "@uploadthing/react";
export const UploadButton = generateUploadButton<OurFileRouter>();
export const UploadDropzone = generateUploadDropzone<OurFileRouter>();
```
This code snippet uses UploadThing to generate reusable components that users can interact with.
## Adding UploadThing styles
To style the UploadThing components if you are using Tailwind CSS, UploadThing recommends using the `withUt` utility function. This function adds additional classes and variants for styling the components and their state, and it also automatically sets the content option to include all necessary classes, preventing duplicate styles in the bundle.
To configure using the utility function, wrap the config object with the imported `withUt` function from UploadThing:
```typescript
import type { Config } from "tailwindcss";
import { withUt } from "uploadthing/tw";
const config: Config = withUt({
// Your existing Tailwind config
content: [
"./pages/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx,mdx}",
"./components/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx,mdx}",
"./app/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx,mdx}",
],
});
export default config;
```
If you’re not using Tailwind CSS for your style, you can import it into your app. Otherwise, the components won’t look right:
```typescript
// app/layout.tsx
import "@uploadthing/react/styles.css";
```
## Uploading images using the UploadThing component
Now let’s work on uploading images using the UploadThing reusable component we created earlier. In your `app/pages.tsx` file, import the `UploadDropzone` component from the `utils` folder and copy and paste the following code:
```typescript
"use client";
import React from "react";
import { UploadDropzone } from "@/utils/uploadthing";
import Image from "next/image";
export default function Home() {
const [imageData, setImageData] = React.useState("");
const handleSubmit = async (e: any) => {
e.preventDefault();
e.productImage = imageData;
};
return (
<main className="h-fit flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50 py-12 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
<div className="sm:max-w-lg w-full p-5 bg-white rounded-xl">
<div className="text-center">
<h2 className="mt-5 text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900">
UploadThing File Upload!
</h2>
<p className="mt-2 text-sm text-gray-400">
Lorem ipsum is placeholder text.
</p>
</div>
<form className="mt-8 space-y-3" onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 space-y-2">
<div className="flex items-center justify-between">
<label className="text-sm font-bold text-gray-500 tracking-wide">
Attach Image
</label>
{imageData && (
<button
type="button"
onClick={() => setImageData("")}
className="py-1 px-3 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-200"
>
+ edit image
</button>
)}
</div>
{imageData ? (
<div className="col-span-6 sm:col-span-4 shadow">
<Image
src={imageData}
alt="productImage"
width="1000"
height="100"
className="object-cover w-full h-[250px]"
/>
</div>
) : (
<UploadDropzone
endpoint={"productImage"}
onClientUploadComplete={(url: any) => {
console.log("files", url);
setImageData(url?.[0].url);
window.alert("Upload completed");
}}
onUploadError={(error) => {
window.alert(`${error?.message}`);
}}
/>
)}
</div>
<button
type="submit"
className="p-2 w-full flex justify-center bg-blue-500 text-gray-100 rounded-full tracking-wide
font-semibold focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline hover:bg-blue-600 shadow-lg cursor-pointer transition ease-in duration-300"
>
Upload
</button>
</form>
</div>
</main>
);
}
```
The `UploadDropzone` component is rendered using props, including `endpoint`, `onClientUploadComplete`, and `onUploadError`. The `endpoint` prop expects a string value that matches a key in the `ourFileRouter` object. This key specifies the precise file route configuration (for example, allowable file types and size limits) that will be used for the upload.
The `OnClientUploadComplete` prop is triggered on successful client-side upload. It logs the uploaded file details, updates the `imageData` state with the URL of the uploaded image, and displays an alert to confirm completion. `OnUploadError` is triggered when an error occurs during the upload process, displaying a basic alert message using `window.alert`.
You can now run your development server using `npm run dev` in your terminal and test the application by selecting an image or using the drag-and-drop features:  After a successful upload, visit your UploadThing dashboard. Navigate to **Files** and you will see all the uploaded images: 
## Uploading PDFs and other files
UploadThing also allows for the easy uploading of other files/documents, including PDFs, text, audio, and videos.
To achieve this, add the following code to the `ourFileRouter` object, beneath `productImage`, in your `app/api/uploadthing/core.ts` file:
```typescript
productPdf: f(["text", "video", "audio", "pdf"]).onUploadComplete(
async ({ metadata, file }) => {
const userId = (metadata as any).userId;
console.log("Upload complete for userId:", userId);
console.log("file url", file.url);
},
)
```
This code snippet creates a file route for product PDFs and other supported file types, which means users can upload files with the extensions `.txt`, `.mp4`, `.mov`, `.mp3`, `.wav`, and `.pdf`.
In `app/pages.tsx`, import `UploadButton` from UploadThing at the top of the file:
```typescript
import { UploadButton, UploadDropzone } from "@/utils/uploadthing";
```
Then, add this code before the submit button element:
```typescript
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 space-y-2">
<div className="flex items-center justify-between">
<label className="text-sm font-bold text-gray-500 tracking-wide">
Attach Document
</label>
{pdfData && (
<button
type="button"
onClick={() => setPdfData("")}
className="py-1 px-3 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-200"
>
+ edit pdf
</button>
)}
</div>
{pdfData ? (
<a
target="_blank"
href={pdfData?.[0]?.url}
className="col-span-6 sm:col-span-4 text-red-400 underline"
>
{pdfData?.[0]?.name}
</a>
) : (
<>
<UploadButton
endpoint={"productPdf"}
onClientUploadComplete={(url: any) => {
console.log("files", url);
setPdfData(url);
window.alert("Upload completed");
}}
/>
</>
)}
</div>;
```
The code snippet showcases a dynamic UI element that enables users to upload a PDF and any other file type and displays the uploaded document's name (if available). It also provides an option to edit (remove and re-upload) the document:  After a successful upload, visit your UploadThing dashboard. Navigate to **Files**, and you will see all the uploaded PDFs.
## Displaying files from UploadThing
Because we have uploaded the files to our UploadThing server, let’s look at how we can render the uploaded files from the server into our application.
UploadThing provides a server-side SDK ([`UTApi`](https://docs.uploadthing.com/api-reference/ut-api#utapi)) that can fetch file information from the server and render it on the application UI. It allows you to upload files, rename them, delete them, and more. The `UTApi` SDK simplifies interactions with UploadThing's API, allowing seamless file management within your application.
To use the UploadThing SDK, we will need to initialize an instance of `UTApi`. In the root folder, create a new file called `server/uploadthing.ts` and copy and paste the following code:
```typescript
// server/uploadthing.ts
import { UTApi } from "uploadthing/server";
export const utapi = new UTApi({
apiKey: process.env.UPLOADTHING_SECRET, // YOUR UPLOADTHING_SECRET
});
```
Replace the `apiKey` with your UploadThing secret from your dashboard. With this, we can import and use `UTApi` anywhere in our project.
Now we will create a reusable client component that will render the list of files based on the provided data prop:
```typescript
// components/Files.tsx
"use client"
import React from "react";
export default function Files({ data }: any) {
return (
<>
{data.length > 0 && (
<ul>
{data.map((file: any) => (
<li key={file.id}>
<a href={file.key} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
{file.name}
</a>
</li>
))}
</ul>
)}
</>
);
}
```
This component iterates through the data, creates list items, and displays file names as links.
We will then create a file that fetches a list of uploaded files from UploadThing using the `UTApi` object. In the `app` folder, create a new `files/pages.tsx` file, and then copy and paste the code below:
```typescript
// app/files/page.tsx
import React from 'react'
import Files from '@/components/Files'
import { utapi } from '@/server/uploadthing';
async function getFiles() {
const res = await utapi.listFiles();
return res;
}
const files = async () => {
const data = await getFiles();
return (
<main className="h-fit flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-50 py-12 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
<div className="sm:max-w-lg w-full p-5 bg-white rounded-xl">
<Files
data={data}
/>
</div>
</main>
)
}
export default files;
```
Here, we imported the `UTApi` object from the server directory, which provides access to UploadThing's server-side functionality. Then we defined an asynchronous function named `getFiles` that uses the `UTApi` object to call the `listFiles` method. `listFiles` contains an array of objects representing the uploaded files.
We also used the imported `Files` component and passed the fetched data (a list of files) as a prop. Now run the development, go to your browser, and navigate to `/files` to see the result.
## Deleting files from UploadThing
Next, let’s look at how to integrate a file deletion functionality into the application using the UploadThing server-side API and the `UTApi` object. Modify the `Files` component to handle file deletion requests:
```typescript
export default function Files({ data, handleDelete }: any) {
return (
<>
{data.length > 0 && (
<ul>
{data.map((file: any) => (
// rest of the code
<button onClick={() => handleDelete(file.key)}>Delete</button>
</li>
))}
</ul>
)}
</>
);
}
```
The `Files` component now includes a new prop called `handleDelete`, which handles deletion logic. A button element with an `onClick` handler is added to the `map` function, which calls the `handleDelete` prop with the file's `key`.
Now let’s update the `file/pages.tsx` file with the necessary code to handle file deletions using the `UTApi` object:
```typescript
// rest of the code
async function deleteFiles(fileKey: any) {
const res = await utapi.deleteFiles(fileKey);
return res;
}
const files = async () => {
// rest of the code
const handleDelete = async (fileKey: any) => {
"use server"
await deleteFiles(fileKey);
// Refresh data after deletion
const newData = await getFiles();
return newData;
}
return (
<div>
<Files
data={data}
handleDelete={handleDelete}
/>
</div>
)
}
```
Here we defined an asynchronous function named `handleDelete` that accepts the `fileKey` as an argument. The `use server` comment indicates that this function should execute on the server side. This is important because updating data on the client side would throw an error and wouldn’t reflect the current state on UploadThing's servers.
To begin deleting, we use the previously created `deleteFiles` function from within `handleDelete`. After deletion, we call the `getFiles` function again to fetch the updated list of files from UploadThing, which returns the newly fetched data (`newData`).
## Advanced features
Now, let’s look at some advanced features that UploadThing offers:
### Theming
We can customize our custom component using UploadThing’s theming props (`className` and `appearance`):
```typescript
<UploadDropzone
endpoint={"productImage"}
onClientUploadComplete={(res: any) => {
console.log("files", res);
setImageData(res?.[0].url);
window.alert("Upload completed");
}}
onUploadError={(error) => {
window.alert(`${error?.message}`);
}}
className="mt-4 ut-button:bg-red-500 ut-button:ut-readying:bg-red-500/50"
/>
```
`ut-button` applies styles to the button and `ut-button:ut-readying` applies styles when the button is loading, while styles without `ut` prefixes apply to the container:  You can also customize the UploadThing container, label, and allowed content to fit your design style and improve user experience:
```typescript
<UploadDropzone className="bg-slate-800 ut-label:text-lg ut-allowed-content:ut-uploading:text-red-300"
/>
```
[](https://docs.uploadthing.com/_next/image?url=%2Fupload-dropzone-anatomy.png&w=2048&q=75) Add the styles below the `UploadDropzone` `className` prop:
```typescript
bg-slate-800 ut-label:text-lg ut-label:text-white ut-allowed-content:ut-uploading:text-red-300
```
 The `appearance` prop can be used to target different elements of a component without using the `withUt` wrapper or splitting styles. This will produce the same result as the examples above using `className`:
```typescript
<UploadDropzone
appearance={{
button: "bg-red-500 ut-button:ut-ready:bg-red-500/50",
container:
"bg-slate-800 ut-label:text-lg ut-label:text-white ut-allowed-content:ut-uploading:text-red-300",
}}
/>
```
### Multiple file upload
Managing the upload of multiple files is a common requirement for many applications. UploadThing allows you to add this functionality to your Next.js projects easily. Let’s implement a custom multiple-file upload using some of UploadThing's built-in hooks.
First, copy and paste the following code to your `utils/uploadthing.ts` file:
```typescript
import { generateReactHelpers } from "@uploadthing/react";
export const { useUploadThing } = generateReactHelpers<OurFileRouter>();
```
This code snippet creates a custom React Hook called `useUploadThing`. This hook offers functions for uploading, `isUploading` state, and `permittedFileInfo`, which provides details about the endpoint's allowed file types, sizes, and counts. The `generateReactHelpers` function generates helper hooks specifically designed for integrating UploadThing functionalities. Now, in your root folder, create a new file called `components/MulitUploader.tsx` and add the code below:
```typescript
"use client";
import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
import { useUploadThing } from "@/utils/uploadthing";
import { useDropzone } from "@uploadthing/react";
import { generateClientDropzoneAccept } from "uploadthing/client";
export function MultiUploader() {
const [files, setFiles] = useState<File[]>([]);
const onDrop = useCallback((acceptedFiles: File[]) => {
setFiles(acceptedFiles);
}, []);
const { startUpload, permittedFileInfo } = useUploadThing("productImage", {
onClientUploadComplete: () => {
alert("uploaded successfully!");
},
onUploadError: () => {
alert("error occurred while uploading");
},
onUploadBegin: () => {
alert("upload has begun");
},
});
const fileTypes = permittedFileInfo?.config
? Object.keys(permittedFileInfo?.config)
: [];
const { getRootProps, getInputProps } = useDropzone({
onDrop,
accept: fileTypes ? generateClientDropzoneAccept(fileTypes) : undefined,
});
return (
<div {...getRootProps()}>
<input {...getInputProps()} />
<div className="flex items-center justify-center h-48 border-2 border-gray-300 border-dashed rounded-md flex-col">
Drop files here!
{files.length > 0 && (
<button
type="button"
className="p-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded"
onClick={() => startUpload(files)}
>
Upload {files.length} files
</button>
)}
</div>
</div>
);
}
```
This code snippet creates a custom multiple-file uploader that leverages some of UploadThing’s hooks. The `useDropZone` Hook creates drag-and-drop file upload interfaces and the `generateClientDropzoneAccept` function generates the `accept` attribute for dropzones, ensuring browser-level file validation.
The `MultiUploader` component stores selected files, handles upload configuration, and triggers a `startUpload` function upon selection, extracting file types from `permittedFileInfo`: 
### Using the UploadThing SSR plugin for server-side rendering
UploadThing offers a plugin that uses server-provided information to determine if a user has the necessary permissions to upload specific file types or perform specific actions. This information enforces restrictions to provide a secure upload environment.
UploadThing typically enters a "loading state" when retrieving permission information, which may include visual cues like a loading indicator. The plugin could allow users to configure UploadThing to assume certain permissions based on their application logic, potentially improving performance by avoiding the loading state.
To avoid the loading state in SSR hydration, UploadThing offers a hydration helper that can be rendered in your root layout before the children:
```typescript
// app/layout.tsx
import "./globals.css";
import { NextSSRPlugin } from "@uploadthing/react/next-ssr-plugin";
import { extractRouterConfig } from "uploadthing/server";
import { ourFileRouter } from "./api/uploadthing/core";
export default function RootLayout({
children,
}: Readonly<{
children: React.ReactNode;
}>) {
return (
<html lang="en">
<body>
<NextSSRPlugin
/**
* The `extractRouterConfig` will extract **only** the route configs
* from the router to prevent additional information from being
* leaked to the client. The data passed to the client is the same
* as if you were to fetch `/api/uploadthing` directly.
*/
routerConfig={extractRouterConfig(ourFileRouter)}
/>
{children}
</body>
</html>
);
}
```
However, bypassing server permission calls may introduce security risks if not implemented carefully. Ensuring application logic accurately determines the right permissions without relying on server verification is crucial.
## Uploading images/files with UploadThing and the Shadcn form
Now let’s combine UploadThing and Shadcn form components to create a user interface for uploading files. We know that UploadThing streamlines the file upload process, while [Shadcn offers a set of reusable UI components](https://blog.logrocket.com/shadcn-ui-adoption-guide/) for creating forms.
To install and set up Shadcn in our application, run the following command on your terminal:
```bash
npx shadcn-ui@latest init
```
You will be asked a few questions to configure `components.json`:
```typescript
Which style would you like to use? › Default
Which color would you like to use as base color? › Slate
Do you want to use CSS variables for colors? › no / yes
```
Now start adding Shadcn components to your project:
```bash
npx shadcn-ui@latest add button form input
```
The command above will add the `Button`, `Form`, and `Input` components to our project, which we can use to customize our form.
### Importing necessary modules
To begin creating the form, we will create a new file named `CustomForm` inside the `component` folder and import the necessary React modules and components:
```typescript
import React from 'react';
import { z } from 'zod';
import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
import { Form, FormControl, FormDescription, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from './ui/form';
import { Button } from './ui/button';
import { Input } from './ui/input';
import { useUploadThing } from '@/utils/uploadthing';
```
These imports lay the groundwork for creating a form component that looks attractive and functional, with built-in validation.
### Form schema definition
The Shadcn form component is wrapped around the [React Hook Form](https://blog.logrocket.com/react-hook-form-complete-guide/) library and it also supports form validation with [validation libraries like Zod](https://blog.logrocket.com/schema-validation-typescript-zod/)[.](https://blog.logrocket.com/schema-validation-typescript-zod/) The form schema here uses Zod to specify the intended structure and data types of the form data:
```typescript
const formSchema = z.object({
file: z.any(),
});
```
This schema is straightforward. Schema validation is not the focus of this article, which is why we used `any()` in our file field. This should be enough to demonstrate file upload functionality without complicating validation logic.
### Creating the `CustomForm` component
Inside the `CustomForm` function, we can use the `useUploadThing` Hook to handle file uploads:
```typescript
const CustomForm = () => {
const $ut = useUploadThing("productImage",{
onClientUploadComplete: () => {
alert("uploaded successfully!");
},
});
const form = useForm<z.infer<typeof formSchema>>({
resolver: zodResolver(formSchema),
defaultValues: {
file: [],
},
});
```
The hook takes two arguments: an endpoint, `productImage`, that we described earlier in this article, and a callback function that gets called when the upload finishes successfully on the client side. The `useForm` Hook from `react-hook-form` handles the form state and connects easily with Zod via the `zodResolver` to execute `formSchema` validation.
### Implementing the Form UI
Now, let’s define the reusable form UI from Shadcn before implementing the form submission:
```typescript
<FormField
control={form.control}
name="file"
render={({ field: { value, onChange, ...fieldProps } }) => (
<FormItem>
<FormLabel>Username</FormLabel>
<FormControl>
<Input
placeholder="Select file"
type="file"
{...fieldProps}
multiple
onChange={(event) =>
onChange(event.target.files && event.target.files[0])
}
/>
</FormControl>
<FormDescription>
This is your public display name.
</FormDescription>
<FormMessage />
</FormItem>
)}
/>
```
### Handling form submission
Now, let’s work on our form submission function. We will leverage the `startUpload` function from UploadThing:
```typescript
async function onSubmit(values: z.infer<typeof formSchema>) {
const selectedFiles = Array.from(values.file);
const result = await $ut.startUpload(selectedFiles as File[]);
return result;
}
```
Here, the function extracts the uploaded files from the form data, the `Array.from` function converts the `file` field to an array, triggering the upload process using the `useUploadThing` Hook, and returns the result.
## Conclusion
This article explored how UploadThing empowers us to streamline file uploads within a demo Next.js application. From user-friendly UI components to comprehensive configuration options and server-side rendering support, UploadThing provides a great solution for handling various file upload cases.
Following this tutorial, you can enhance your application's file upload capabilities, ensuring a seamless and effective user experience. Check out the UploadThing examples and [documentation](https://docs.uploadthing.com/) for more information.
---
##[LogRocket](https://lp.logrocket.com/blg/nextjs-signup): Full visibility into production Next.js apps
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| leemeganj |
1,901,397 | MERN stack roadmap with job ready projects | Month 1: Foundations HTML & CSS HTML Basics: Elements, attributes, headings,... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:27:04 | https://dev.to/dhirajaryaa/mern-stack-roadmap-with-job-ready-projects-ffe | webdev, mern, javascript, tutorial | #### Month 1: Foundations
**HTML & CSS**
- **HTML Basics**: Elements, attributes, headings, paragraphs, links, lists, forms.
- **CSS Basics**: Selectors, properties, box model, flexbox, grid.
- **Responsive Design**: Media queries, mobile-first design.
- **Resources**: [MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/), [freeCodeCamp](https://www.freecodecamp.org/).
**JavaScript**
- **JavaScript Fundamentals**: Variables, data types, operators, control structures (loops, conditionals).
- **Functions**: Declarations, expressions, arrow functions.
- **DOM Manipulation**: Selecting elements, event handling, modifying elements.
- **ES6+ Features**: let, const, arrow functions, template literals, destructuring, spread/rest operators.
- **Resources**: [Eloquent JavaScript](https://eloquentjavascript.net/), [JavaScript.info](https://javascript.info/).
**Version Control**
- **Git Basics**: Initializing repositories, cloning, committing, pushing, pulling.
- **GitHub**: Creating repositories, managing branches, pull requests, issues.
- **Resources**: [Git documentation](https://git-scm.com/doc), [GitHub Learning Lab](https://lab.github.com/).
---
#### Month 2: Front-End Development
**React**
- **React Basics**: JSX, components, props, state.
- **Lifecycle Methods**: componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, componentWillUnmount.
- **Hooks**: useState, useEffect.
- **Routing**: React Router basics, nested routes.
- **Resources**: [React documentation](https://reactjs.org/docs/getting-started.html), [freeCodeCamp React course](https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/front-end-libraries/react/).
**Responsive Design**
- **Flexbox**: Containers, items, alignment, justification.
- **CSS Grid**: Grid containers, grid items, areas, lines.
- **Responsive Units**: vw, vh, %, em, rem.
- **Resources**: [MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/), [CSS-Tricks](https://css-tricks.com/).
**APIs and Fetch**
- **Fetching Data**: Using fetch API, axios library.
- **Async/Await**: Handling asynchronous operations.
- **Error Handling**: Try/catch blocks.
- **Resources**: [MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/), [freeCodeCamp](https://www.freecodecamp.org/).
---
#### Month 3: Back-End Development
**Node.js & Express.js**
- **Node.js Basics**: Modules, npm, asynchronous programming.
- **Express.js Basics**: Routing, middleware, handling requests and responses.
- **Building APIs**: RESTful principles, creating endpoints.
- **Resources**: [Node.js documentation](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/), [Express.js documentation](https://expressjs.com/).
**MongoDB**
- **MongoDB Basics**: Collections, documents, CRUD operations.
- **Mongoose**: Schemas, models, validation.
- **Resources**: [MongoDB University](https://university.mongodb.com/), [MongoDB documentation](https://docs.mongodb.com/).
**Building a Full-Stack App**
- **Integration**: Connecting front-end with back-end, API calls.
- **State Management**: Lifting state up, context API.
- **Resources**: Combining knowledge from previous sections.
---
#### Month 4: Advanced Topics and Soft Skills
**Advanced React**
- **Hooks**: useReducer, useContext, custom hooks.
- **Context API**: Managing global state.
- **React Router**: Dynamic routing, protected routes.
- **Resources**: [React documentation](https://reactjs.org/docs/getting-started.html), [Advanced React tutorials](https://www.udemy.com/course/react-the-complete-guide-incl-redux/).
**Authentication & Security**
- **User Authentication**: JWT, OAuth.
- **Authorization**: Role-based access control.
- **Security Best Practices**: Sanitizing inputs, protecting endpoints.
- **Resources**: [Auth0 tutorials](https://auth0.com/docs/), [JWT documentation](https://jwt.io/introduction/).
**Soft Skills Development**
- **Communication**: Explaining technical concepts, writing documentation.
- **Problem-Solving**: Tackling coding challenges, debugging.
- **Time Management**: Prioritizing tasks, setting goals.
- **Networking**: Building a professional network, contributing to discussions.
- **Resources**: [LinkedIn Learning](https://www.linkedin.com/learning/), [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/).
---
### Advanced Projects for Interviews
#### Month 5: Advanced Projects
1. **E-commerce Platform**
- **Features**: User authentication, product listings, shopping cart, checkout process, payment integration.
- **Technologies**: MERN stack, Stripe API for payments.
- **Example**: Build a simplified version of Amazon.
2. **Social Media App**
- **Features**: User profiles, posts, likes, comments, real-time notifications.
- **Technologies**: MERN stack, WebSockets for real-time features.
- **Example**: Create a mini version of Twitter or Facebook.
3. **Project Management Tool**
- **Features**: Task creation, assignment, progress tracking, team collaboration.
- **Technologies**: MERN stack, drag-and-drop interfaces.
- **Example**: Develop a tool similar to Trello or Asana.
4. **Blog Platform**
- **Features**: User authentication, content management, comments, tags, search functionality.
- **Technologies**: MERN stack, WYSIWYG editors for content creation.
- **Example**: Build a platform like Medium.
5. **Event Management System**
- **Features**: Event creation, registration, ticketing, calendar integration.
- **Technologies**: MERN stack, Google Calendar API.
- **Example**: Create an application for managing events like Eventbrite.
---
### Roadmap for Outstanding Projects
#### Planning Phase
- **Idea Validation**: Research and validate your project idea.
- **Requirements Gathering**: Define features, user stories, and technical requirements.
- **Wireframing**: Create wireframes and mockups.
#### Development Phase
- **MVP Development**: Build a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) with core features.
- **Iterative Improvement**: Add features and improve functionality based on feedback.
- **Testing**: Conduct thorough testing (unit, integration, end-to-end).
#### Deployment Phase
- **Hosting**: Deploy your app on platforms like Heroku, Vercel, or AWS.
- **CI/CD**: Implement Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment.
- **Monitoring**: Set up monitoring and logging to track app performance and errors.
#### Presentation Phase
- **Documentation**: Write clear documentation for your project.
- **Portfolio**: Add projects to your portfolio with detailed descriptions and screenshots.
- **Networking**: Share your projects on GitHub, LinkedIn, and developer communities.
you'll build a strong portfolio and gain the experience needed to crack interviews and secure job opportunities. Good luck! | dhirajaryaa |
1,901,396 | How NOT to learn mobile development | I built the same app 3 times, here is what I learned After completing a full stack... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:27:00 | https://dev.to/rafi_barides_faa6677ba16d/how-not-to-learn-mobile-development-pcn | mobile, swift, reactnative, kotlin | ## I built the same app 3 times, here is what I learned
After completing a full stack development curriculum, I felt ready to extend my knowledge and go beyond the web. I jumped into what seems like a chaotic entanglement of technologies, with different sources each suggesting alternate tech stacks. I came across three outstanding tech stacks commonly used for mobile development:
- **React Native, TypeScript, Expo**
- **Kotlin, Android Studio**
- **Swift, Xcode**
As an engineer with no prior knowledge of mobile development, React Native comes with versatility and existing knowledge, making it an attractive choice for building cross-platform mobile applications using a single codebase. Kotlin, on the other hand, was highly recommended for Android development due to its modern features and improved syntax. And of course, Swift, the powerful language for iOS development, offers excellent performance and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem. And so, I did what anyone would do; I jumped headfirst into all three and hoped to come out with a preference.
Learning React Native, Kotlin, and Swift simultaneously is probably not the ideal way to go. That being said, I challenged myself to build the same simple program three times. This would give me a window into the experience of coding in each, including coding in Kotlin for the first time.
What hit me like a brick was how mobile development is stepping into an entirely different dimension compared to the web. The learning experience is like navigating through a dense forest without a map. Even with curriculums that can be found online, they all represent _a_ path, not _the_ path.
I started out in react with expo go, and was able to create a basic version of the game surprisingly fast. It works as follows: Upon launching, players are greeted with a multiplication question, such as "6 X 5 = ?". Beneath the question, four multiple-choice answers are displayed in a 2x2 grid. Players must select the correct answer to continue. The answers are shuffled each time, ensuring that the correct answer appears in a different position.
If the player selects the correct answer, a new multiplication problem immediately replaces the old one, allowing the game to continue seamlessly. This process repeats, with the difficulty gradually increasing as the player progresses, providing an ongoing test of quick thinking and sharp math skills. Following react and JS principles, I created the basic functionality of the game:
I did some object-based inline styling following React CSS fundamentals, and just like that, the first version of the game was done:
Writing Swift in Xcode was very straightforward and rewarding. Even though it was my first time using the Apple IDE, I found the UI to be particularly straightforward and comprehensible. Swift is fairly similar to javascript, and with some hacking away I was able to get my basic build done in about two hours. The main challenge I had was when it came to detailed styling and layout design, particularly as a developer accustomed to the CSS-based styling paradigms of web development. One key frustration was the lack of a centralized style sheet; instead, styling properties had to be applied directly to individual components. In general, I feel like this can lead to repetitive code and make it difficult to enforce a consistent look and feel throughout the app without creating custom modifiers or extensive use of view composition. If I had to do this build again I would research packages/external libraries that make styling easier when developing for iOS. I coded like this:
For my third and final build, I installed Android Studio and completed the [Learn Kotlin: Introduction course](https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-kotlin-introduction) on codecademy. The build was cumbersome to say the least. As a first time user, I found the Android Studio UI to be incredibly fiddly and confusing. To put it plainly, using Android Studio after a year of VS code felt like a significant downgrade. Android Studio can be sluggish with constant loading, longer build times, and an overall less responsive IDE experience. Learning Kotlin was also a challenge, and considering how unversatile Android Studio is, I don't think it is recommendable for developers with Web development backgrounds as a starting point for mobile development.
Despite getting the basic functionality working in Kotlin, the styling turned into a total nightmare, refusing to align with my mockup. Each attempt to mirror the sophisticated simplicity I'm used to working with in CSS and tailwind resulted in inconsistencies. I am no Kotlin mogul, so I did my best with learning resources available online. I coded as follows:
Having a solid understanding of React, I thought React Native would be a walk in the park. React Native promised the comfort of familiar syntax and the promise of "learn once, write anywhere." While React Native allowed me to leverage my existing JavaScript knowledge, the intricacies of it were confusing at first.
Swift, the language for iOS development, was also demanding. Swift's expressive syntax and powerful features made it fun to write, and it felt very close to javascript. I was able to jump into solving leetcodes in Swift within my first hour or two of learning the language. I learned that the iOS development environment demands serious precision and an understanding of Apple's ecosystem. Xcode, Interface Builder, and Auto Layout require a truly meticulous approach. The benefits are a tightly integrated development environment, excellent performance, and a seamless user experience. However, it comes with the closed nature of Apple's ecosystem and the rigidity of the App Store review process. Swift is not particularly versatile compared to the others.
Kotlin presented its own set of dilemmas. Coming from JavaScript, Kotlin's type system, null safety, and concise syntax were cool to learn about. And the Android development environment is… a beast of its own, to say the least. Android Studio, Gradle, and the myriad of Android-specific quirks reminded me of my time studying Talmud. Google's endorsement definitely makes the Kotlin/Android stack somewhat enticing to me, but of the three rebuilds I found this one the most challenging.
Balancing these three technologies involves engaging in a sort of dialectical reasoning process where each detail can be weighed, considered, compared, and understood. As a developer, my key takeaway from this journey was not just the technical knowledge gained but the realization that the path to mastery is paved with curiosity, resilience, and an unwavering commitment to growth. Even though I do not plan on pursuing Kotlin as of now, I value the time I spent experimenting with new technologies, giving me a more well rounded toolset.
After a week of three rewarding builds, I've learned that I am excited to continue with the React Native workflow. After tinkering with other IDE’s, I now see how much I underestimated the straightforward and responsive experience in VS code. Something about using Expo Go to code and see live updates on my iphone inspired childlike joy and excitement in me. Considering my previous experience with tailwind, I find styling with React to be most streamlined. Despite the challenges, I don't regret a single moment spent exploring each technology. Diving into Kotlin, SwiftUI, and React Native has been a profound demonstration— to myself and others of my capacity to learn and adapt. Each line of code, and every styling struggle taught me not only about the limitations and strengths of each platform but also about my own resilience and eagerness to grow as a developer.
I expected to learn about mobile development, but more than anything I learned about the explorative process. Driven by curiosity and a bit of uncertainty about my path, it turned out to be incredibly rewarding. The trial and error, the successes and frustrations—it was all a process of elimination that has unexpectedly ignited a strong motivation within me, particularly towards React Native. This experience also shows how personal the journey through technology can be; what works for one developer might not resonate with another, influenced by individual preferences, prior knowledge, and the specific demands of the project at hand.
As of the latest data, React Native holds a significant share of the cross-platform development market. Its community support and continuous updates from Facebook ensure it remains relevant and powerful. Major companies like Instagram, Bloomberg, and UberEats utilize React Native, which showcases its robust capabilities and trust in the tech industry. The demand for developers skilled in React Native is expected to grow as more companies adopt a mobile-first approach in their business strategies.
For me, React Native stood out as the clear winner due to how it aligns with my way of thinking and my creative workflow. While I recommend React Native for its versatility and developer-friendly environment, I also recognize that every developer's experience will vary. My adventure through these technologies was not just about finding the right tool, but also about discovering more about myself as a developer and what makes me tick. This personalized exploration is something I believe every developer should experience to truly understand what resonates with their unique style and professional goals. So the next time you are unsure of a technology to learn, challenge yourself to try them each. And who knows, you may just end up building the same thing three times!
| rafi_barides_faa6677ba16d |
1,901,395 | 5 Strange Facts About White Label Fantasy Sports Software Developers | When it comes to the world of fantasy sports, the developers behind white label fantasy sports... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:26:16 | https://dev.to/davidwyat/5-strange-facts-aboutwhite-label-fantasy-sports-software-developers-12kc | development, coding, softwaredevelopment, developers | When it comes to the world of fantasy sports, the developers behind **[white label fantasy sports software](https://www.sciflare.com/white-label-fantasy-sports-software/)** often work behind the scenes, crafting platforms that engage millions of users worldwide. While their work is integral to the industry, there are some intriguing and lesser-known aspects about these developers that may surprise you. Here are 5 strange facts about white label fantasy sports software developers:
**1. They Are Sports Fanatics... or Not**
Contrary to popular belief, not all white label fantasy sports software developers are die-hard sports fans. While some may have a deep passion for sports and fantasy leagues, others approach their work purely from a technical or business perspective. Their focus lies more on creating robust, scalable platforms rather than predicting sports outcomes.
**2. They Love Data, Stats, and Algorithms**
Behind the sleek interfaces of fantasy sports platforms lies a world driven by data and algorithms. Developers of white label fantasy sports software thrive on analyzing player statistics, historical data, and performance metrics. They constantly refine algorithms that calculate scores, predict outcomes, and ensure fair gameplay—a task that requires a unique blend of mathematical prowess and programming skills.
**3. Innovation Is Key, Yet Tradition Holds Strong**
While developers are at the forefront of innovation in fantasy sports—introducing new game formats, real-time updates, and interactive features—they also respect tradition. Many white label fantasy sports software developers understand the importance of maintaining classic fantasy league formats and game rules that resonate with long-time users. Balancing innovation with tradition is a delicate art they master.
**4. They Work Odd Hours During Sports Seasons**
The sports calendar dictates the work schedule of white label fantasy sports software developers. During peak seasons like the NFL or NBA playoffs, developers often work odd hours to ensure platforms run smoothly during high-traffic periods. This might mean late nights debugging code or early mornings monitoring server performance to handle the influx of user activity.
**5. Community Feedback Shapes Their Work**
Despite their technical expertise, white label fantasy sports software developers are deeply attuned to community feedback. They regularly interact with users, gather insights from player behavior, and implement feature requests that enhance user experience. This collaborative approach not only improves platform functionality but also fosters a sense of community among fantasy sports enthusiasts.
**Conclusion**
White label fantasy sports software developers play a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of fantasy sports globally. Their blend of technical acumen, data-driven decision-making, and a passion for innovation ensures that fantasy sports platforms continue to evolve and thrive. While their work may seem mysterious at times, these developers are dedicated to delivering seamless, engaging experiences that keep fans coming back season after season.
Next time you enjoy drafting your fantasy team or tracking player performances, remember the dedicated developers behind the scenes who make it all possible. Their strange yet fascinating world of coding, algorithms, and sports passion continues to push the boundaries of what fantasy sports can offer to millions of enthusiasts worldwide. | davidwyat |
1,901,390 | Java's 2024 Game Engines as far as I know | Java’s Capabilities in Game Design? I advise you to select the Java game engine that... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:24:54 | https://dev.to/zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d/javas-2024-game-engines-as-far-as-i-know-51d2 | java, gamedev, javagameengines, javaframeworks | ## Java’s Capabilities in Game Design?
I advise you to select the Java game engine that aligns with your vision to bring your interactive stories to life. Let’s see…
### Java for Cross-Platform Game Development
Java game engines provide a foundation for building games that operate smoothly across a spectrum of platforms, from personal computers to handheld devices.
### Prime Picks for 2D Game Development in Java
**LWJGL:** This foundational library offers direct manipulation of graphics and user inputs, critical for intricate game development.
**Slick2D:** A game library that simplifies the crafting of 2D games, utilizing LWJGL’s capabilities.
**LibGDX:** This well-regarded framework supports a broad range of game development tasks and is backed by a strong community network.
## Forging Paths in 3D Game Development with Java
For 3D game development, Java provides engines with the necessary tools to construct vivid, engaging environments. Engines like Ardor3D and JMonkeyEngine come equipped with features needed for complex graphical projects.
## The Value of Open-Source Java Game Engines
Community-supported [Java game engines](https://bluebirdinternational.com/java-game-engines/) provide developers with cost-effective and customizable solutions. The collaborative nature of these tools means they are frequently updated with the latest advancements.
## Java’s Answer to Cross-Platform Compatibility
Engines like LibGDX facilitate the creation of games for an array of devices, ensuring your project can reach a broad audience.
## Java Development Libraries as Crucial Supplements
Using Java-based libraries can significantly refine the game development process, offering specialized tools for an array of game creation aspects. | zoltan_fehervari_52b16d1d |
1,901,389 | Wednesday Links - Edition 2024-06-26 | Writing Truly Memory Safe JIT Compilers (10... | 6,965 | 2024-06-26T14:22:29 | https://dev.to/0xkkocel/wedenasday-links-edition-2024-06-26-5f8 | refactoring, renovate, kotlin, api | Writing Truly Memory Safe JIT Compilers (10 min)☔
https://medium.com/graalvm/writing-truly-memory-safe-jit-compilers-f79ad44558dd
Refactoring Just Enough (2 min)⚖️
https://blog.thecodewhisperer.com/permalink/refactoring-just-enough
Power Assert now in Kotlin! (2 min)🎉
https://kt.academy/article/power-assert
Getting Started with Backstage (14 min)🪞
https://piotrminkowski.com/2024/06/13/getting-started-with-backstage/
URI design suggestions (4 min)🍥
https://www.mscharhag.com/api-design/rest-uri-design
Renovate for everything (1 min)👷
https://blog.frankel.ch/renovate-for-everything/
What's hidden behind "just implementation details" (8 min)🥷
https://ntietz.com/blog/whats-behind-just-implementation
If it never breaks, you're doing it wrong (7 min)🪅
https://ntietz.com/blog/if-it-never-breaks-youre-doing-it-wrong
I Will Fucking Piledrive You If You Mention AI Again (19 min)🤬
https://ludic.mataroa.blog/blog/i-will-fucking-piledrive-you-if-you-mention-ai-again/ | 0xkkocel |
1,901,388 | How to install SDL2 on macOS | Setting up SDL libraries on macOS can be challenging, this tutorial covers how to set it up, compile a program and open a window to as a test. | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:20:50 | https://www.csalmeida.com/log/how-to-install-sdl2-on-macos/ | c, sdl2, setup | ---
title: How to install SDL2 on macOS
published: true
description: "Setting up SDL libraries on macOS can be challenging, this tutorial covers how to set it up, compile a program and open a window to as a test."
tags: c, sdl2, setup
canonical_url: https://www.csalmeida.com/log/how-to-install-sdl2-on-macos/
cover_image: https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4x2ir7jjatpjcnpc19v6.png
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.
# published_at: 2024-06-26 14:14 +0000
---
Running SDL2 libraries on macOS is slightly different than running them on Linux and Windows systems.
You might want to run these libraries to work on a native application or a video game that requires graphics and access to other system controls.
Since there are a few pitfalls to avoid I have put this resource together that covers installing `SDL2` and `SDL2_image` into the system.
Finally, I'll include a test program to open a window and a command to compile it.
It is written in C but SDL can be used with C++, Rust and a few other languages as well.
## Installation
The first step is to get all files required into your system.
Download SDL2 by picking the `.dmg` one from the release list:
> https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/releases
Additionally, download the SDL2_image library (also a `.dmg` from its release list:
> https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_image/releases
Execute the SDL2 file (will be named something similar to `SDL2-2.30.4.dmg`) and a window will open with a few files and an `SDL2.framework` folder.
Open Finder, click `Go` then `Go to folder...` and type `/Library/Frameworks` which will open the contents of that folder.
Drag `SDL2.framework` to `/Library/Frameworks` and repeat the steps for the SDL2_image file.
There should be two additional folders in `/Library/Frameworks`, `SDL2.framework` and `SDL2_image.framework`.
## Compile a program
One way to test the installation is to write a program, this one opens a window in the system.
Create a `main.c` file and add the contents below to it:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_timer.h>
int main(void)
{
// Attempt to initialize graphics and timer system.
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO|SDL_INIT_TIMER) != 0)
{
printf("error initializing SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
return 1;
}
SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello, SDL2 on macOS 🍎",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
640, 480, 0);
if (!window)
{
printf("error creating window: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
SDL_Quit();
return 1;
}
// Keep the window open, in this case SDL_Delay(5000); statement won't work.
bool running = true;
while (running)
{
SDL_Event e;
while (SDL_PollEvent(&e) != 0)
{
if (e.type == SDL_QUIT)
{
running = false;
break;
}
}
}
// clean up resources before exiting.
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
```
On a terminal window, navigate to the same directory of the `main.c` file and attempt to compile it:
```bash
gcc -o open_window main.o `sdl2-config --libs --cflags` -ggdb3 -O0 --std=c99 -Wall -F/Library/Frameworks -framework SDL2 -framework SDL2_image -lm
```
This could work first try but in my case I've hit quite a few issues a few are solved by the way the header files are included and the structure of the compile command which have already been addressed but there's a few more I found while trying to compile an SDL2 based program.
One of the issues might look like this:
```
dyld[94016]: Library not loaded: @rpath/SDL2.framework/Versions/A/SDL2
Referenced from: <BAD3873A-39CC-4033-8C2A-85A0FC365404> /Users/user/Projects/open_window/open_window
Reason: no LC_RPATH's found
[1] 94016 abort ./open_window
```
The way I solved it was by running the following in the terminal before compiling the program:
```bash
export DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH=/Library/Frameworks
```
macOS displays a notice saying _“SDL2.framework” cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified_
The issue can be addressed by running the executable, e.g. `./open_window` then opening the Privacy & Security settings and scroll to _Security_.
You will see a button to allow the `SDL2.framework`, click "Allow Anyway".
Do the same for `SDL2_image.framework` if it shows up.
The notice should now show an "Open" option, there's more context in this Github issue:
> https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/4689#issuecomment-2189963510
## Opening a window
Assuming the program compiled correctly we can now open a window by executing the program.
On a terminal run `./open_window` and an empty should should now show!
## Additional Notes
- A lot of programs will use `#include <SDL2/SDL.h>` but in this case `#include <SDL.h>` needs to be used instead when including SDL related header files.
- SDL2 can also be installed with Homebrew, if you prefer it there's [a tutorial on dev.to that goes over the setup](https://dev.to/hacker_thronx/sdl2-on-macos-sonoma-installation-with-vscode-29pe) as well.
| cristiano |
1,901,383 | گیربکس sew | گیربکس SEW یکی از محصولات برجسته در صنعت گیربکس و انتقال قدرت است که توسط شرکت SEW-Eurodrive تولید... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:18:37 | https://dev.to/arshasanat/gyrbkhs-sew-9n7 | sew | گیربکس SEW یکی از محصولات برجسته در صنعت گیربکس و انتقال قدرت است که توسط شرکت SEW-Eurodrive تولید میشود. این شرکت که در سال 1931 در آلمان تأسیس شده است، به عنوان یکی از پیشروان در زمینه تولید سیستمهای محرکه و گیربکسهای صنعتی شناخته میشود.
گیربکسهای SEW به دلیل کیفیت بالا، عملکرد قابل اعتماد و تنوع گستردهای که ارائه میدهند، در بسیاری از صنایع مختلف مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. از جمله این صنایع میتوان به خودروسازی، تولیدات فولاد، صنعت غذایی و نوشیدنی، مواد شیمیایی، و صنایع معدنی اشاره کرد.
یکی از ویژگیهای بارز گیربکسهای SEW، طراحی ماژولار آنهاست که امکان انعطافپذیری بالا و تطابق با نیازهای مختلف صنعتی را فراهم میکند. این طراحی ماژولار به کاربران این امکان را میدهد تا با ترکیب قطعات مختلف، به راحتی گیربکسی متناسب با نیاز خاص خود ایجاد کنند. همچنین، این گیربکسها با استفاده از مواد با کیفیت بالا و تکنولوژیهای پیشرفته تولید میشوند که موجب طول عمر بالا و کارایی بالای آنها میگردد.
گیربکسهای SEW در انواع مختلفی از جمله گیربکسهای حلزونی، هلیکال، مخروطی-مارپیچ و سیارهای تولید میشوند. هر کدام از این انواع دارای ویژگیهای خاص خود هستند که متناسب با نیازهای مختلف صنعتی طراحی شدهاند. برای مثال، گیربکسهای حلزونی به دلیل طراحی فشرده و کارایی بالا، مناسب برای فضاهای محدود و کاربردهای سبک هستند، در حالی که گیربکسهای هلیکال برای کاربردهای سنگین و نیاز به انتقال قدرت بالا مناسب میباشند.
از دیگر مزایای گیربکسهای SEW میتوان به نگهداری آسان، کاهش نویز و لرزش، و بهرهوری انرژی بالا اشاره کرد. این مزایا به کاربران کمک میکند تا با کاهش هزینههای نگهداری و انرژی، بهرهوری و کارایی عملیات خود را افزایش دهند.
شما میتوانید انواع گیربکس SEW را از مجموعه [**آرشا صنعت**](https://arshasanat.com/cat/gearbox/sew/) نمایندگی رسمی برند اس ای دبیلو در ایران با قیمت مناسب و ضمانت اصالت کالا خریداری نمایید. | arshasanat |
1,901,382 | Ultimate Comfort and Style with ITA Leisure Beach Towels | The sun warms your skin, the sound of crashing waves fills the air, and a refreshing ocean breeze... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:18:07 | https://dev.to/italeisure/ultimate-comfort-and-style-with-ita-leisure-beach-towels-3oib | beachtowels, beachtowelsforsale, cheapestbeachtowels, italeisure | The sun warms your skin, the sound of crashing waves fills the air, and a refreshing ocean breeze whispers through your hair. You've reached your happy place – the beach. But between dips in the cool water and soaking up the rays, there's one essential item: a beach towel. It's your haven, your drying station, your spot of comfort on the sand. But have you ever considered that your beach towel could be more than just functional?
Enter ITA Leisure, a company dedicated to making the outdoors a welcoming space for everyone, and their beach towels are a prime example of this philosophy. These towels go beyond the basic terry cloth rectangle, offering a blend of premium quality, cultural inspiration, and stylish design.
## Unveiling the Comfort Factor
When it comes to a **[beach towel](https://shop.italeisure.com/collections/beach-towels)**, the first priority is undoubtedly comfort. ITA Leisure's towels are crafted from 100% premium cotton, ensuring a luxuriously soft feel against your skin. This high-quality material is not only soft and plush, but also incredibly absorbent. No more shivering after a swim – these towels will quickly wick away moisture, leaving you feeling dry and refreshed.
Thinking about a quick dip after lunch? No problem! The quick-drying nature of the fabric means you won't be stuck with a damp towel all afternoon. Plus, the easy-care instructions make them a breeze to maintain, ensuring your towel stays soft and luxurious for seasons to come.
## Beyond Basic: A Design Inspired by Heritage
ITA Leisure doesn't just prioritize comfort; they also infuse their beach towels with a touch of cultural heritage. Their signature design, the Ewe Beach Towel, draws inspiration from Ghana's ewe kente cloth. The vibrant checkered pattern is not just aesthetically pleasing, but also carries a deeper meaning. Kente is traditionally used in Ghanaian culture for celebrations and ceremonies, representing wealth, status, and history. By incorporating this design, ITA Leisure celebrates cultural diversity and invites you to embrace a sense of community even on a solo beach trip.
## A Towel for Every Style
While the Ewe Beach Towel is a standout, ITA Leisure recognizes that individual style matters. They are constantly innovating and expanding their beach towel collection. You might find yourself drawn to a classic striped design, a playful geometric pattern, or a bold, eye-catching color. No matter your preference, there's an ITA Leisure beach towel that will match your unique style and personality.
## Beyond the Beach: Versatility for Every Adventure
The beauty of ITA Leisure's beach towels lies in their versatility. Sure, they're perfect for drying off after a swim, but their uses extend far beyond the beach. Take them on a picnic outing in the park, use them as a yoga mat during your outdoor practice session, or transform them into a cozy throw for a stargazing night. The large size and durable construction make them ideal for a variety of outdoor activities.
## The ITA Leisure Ethos: Leisure for Everyone
When you choose an ITA Leisure beach towel, you're not just buying a product; you're supporting a company with a strong social mission. ITA Leisure is dedicated to making the outdoors a welcoming and inclusive space, dismantling the barriers that often prevent people from enjoying nature. Their commitment to diversity and representation is evident in their marketing materials and brand partnerships.
## The Final Splash: Why Choose an ITA Leisure Beach Towel?
In a world of generic beach towels, **[ITA Leisure](https://www.italeisure.com/)** offers something truly special. Their towels combine luxurious comfort with a touch of cultural heritage, all wrapped up in a stylish design. Beyond aesthetics, the brand's commitment to inclusivity and creating a welcoming outdoor space resonates with a growing conscious consumer base.
So, next time you're packing for a beach trip, ditch the basic towel and choose an ITA Leisure option. It won't just dry you off; it will elevate your beach experience, connect you to a rich cultural tapestry, and make a statement about the kind of outdoor space you believe in.
Ready to find your perfect ITA Leisure beach towel? Head over to their website to explore their latest designs and discover the towel that speaks to your unique style and love for the outdoors! | italeisure |
1,430,931 | How to use React useRef with TypeScript | If you're a developer using React and TypeScript, you'll need to know how to use useRef to reference... | 0 | 2023-04-09T17:02:02 | https://dev.to/coder9/how-to-use-react-useref-with-typescript-21dl | react, abotwrotethis | If you're a developer using React and TypeScript, you'll need to know how to use `useRef` to reference elements in your application. In this tutorial, we will explore how to use `useRef` along with TypeScript to leverage the strengths of both technologies.
## What is useRef?
`useRef` is a React hook that provides a way to reference an element in your application, similar to the way you would with the `getElementById` function in vanilla JavaScript. However, `useRef` is more powerful because it can be used to reference any React component, not just DOM elements.
With `useRef`, you can preserve a value between renders without causing a re-render. This is useful for working with mutable values that don’t affect the render outcome or that would require non-reactive workarounds. By default, `useRef` returns a mutable object with a `current` property that points to the current value.
## Using `useRef` with TypeScript
When using `useRef` with TypeScript, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, TypeScript requires that you specify the type of the value being referenced. Second, you need to specify the type of the component being referenced. Finally, you will likely want to specify the type of the `useRef` itself.
Here is an example of using `useRef` with TypeScript:
```tsx
import React, { useRef } from 'react';
type Props = {
text: string;
};
const MyComponent: React.FC<Props> = ({ text }) => {
const inputEl = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
return (
<div>
<input type="text" ref={inputEl} />
<p>The input value is: {inputEl.current?.value}</p>
<p>The prop value is: {text}</p>
</div>
);
};
export default MyComponent;
```
In this example, we defined a props type that includes a text property. The `MyComponent` component uses `useRef` to reference the input element using the HTMLInputElement type. The input reference is then used to display the input's value.
Note that we used the `?` operator to access the `value` property. This is because the `current` property of `useRef` is initially `null`. The `?` operator protects against null/undefined errors.
## An Advanced Example
Now, let's take a look at a more advanced example that demonstrates dispatching an action with `useRef` and TypeScript. We will use Redux and implement a very basic counter.
First, we will create a Redux store with `createSlice` and `configureStore`:
```tsx
import { createSlice, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { useCallback, useMemo } from 'react';
import { TypedUseSelectorHook, useDispatch as useReduxDispatch, useSelector as useReduxSelector } from 'react-redux';
import { RootState } from './store';
type CounterState = {
value: number;
};
const initialState: CounterState = {
value: 0,
};
const counterSlice = createSlice({
name: 'counter',
initialState,
reducers: {
increment(state) {
state.value += 1;
},
decrement(state) {
state.value -= 1;
},
},
});
export const { increment, decrement } = counterSlice.actions;
export const store = configureStore({
reducer: {
counter: counterSlice.reducer,
},
});
```
Next, we implement a counter component that renders a button and displays the current count:
```tsx
import React, { useRef } from 'react';
import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
import { RootState } from '../store';
import { increment } from '../store/counter';
const Counter = () => {
const count = useSelector<RootState>((state) => state.counter.value);
const dispatch = useDispatch();
const buttonRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
const handleIncrement = useCallback(() => {
if (buttonRef.current) {
buttonRef.current.blur();
}
dispatch(increment());
}, [dispatch]);
return (
<div>
<p>Count: {count}</p>
<button type="button" onClick={handleIncrement} ref={buttonRef}>
Increment
</button>
</div>
);
};
export default Counter;
```
In this example, we use `useSelector` to select the current count from the Redux store. We then define a `handleIncrement` function that uses `useRef` to reference the button element and update the count with `dispatch`. The `useCallback` hook ensures that the reference to the button element is not recreated on every render.
## Conclusion
By now, you should have a good understanding of how to use `useRef` and TypeScript in your React applications. Remember, `useRef` allows you to reference elements and values without causing a re-render, which is useful for mutable values that don't affect the render outcome.
If you're looking to take your React and TypeScript skills to the next level, consider exploring other hooks and technologies such as Redux, React Router, and GraphQL. These technologies work seamlessly with React and TypeScript and make it even easier to build complex applications. | coder9 |
1,901,366 | How to Create Invoices in Salesforce Using Docs Made Easy A Salesforce Document Generation App | Invoicing, once a cumbersome manual process, has evolved dramatically with automation, bringing... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:14:42 | https://dev.to/kimayanazum/how-to-create-invoices-in-salesforce-using-docs-made-easy-a-salesforce-document-generation-app-5b2c | tutorial, community, webdev, programming | Invoicing, once a cumbersome manual process, has evolved dramatically with automation, bringing efficiency and accuracy to businesses of all sizes. Salesforce users can further streamline their invoicing process with the integration of Docs Made Easy, a versatile application available on the Salesforce AppExchange. This app excels in generating not just invoices but also contracts, quotes, reports, and presentations seamlessly.
## Benefits of Invoice Automation with Docs Made Easy
Automated invoicing offers numerous advantages:
- **Time Savings:** Eliminates manual data entry and processing time.
- **Error Reduction:** Minimizes human errors, ensuring accurate invoices.
- **Scalability:** Easily scales as your business grows without increased overhead.
- **Enhanced Customer Relationships:** Provides prompt and accurate invoices, improving customer satisfaction.
- **Insightful Reporting:** Generates valuable insights into financial data and trends.
## Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Invoices with Docs Made Easy
If you've installed Docs Made Easy and are ready to streamline your invoicing process, follow these steps:
**1.Document Setup:**
Navigate to the Document Setup section within Docs Made Easy.
**2. Fill in Information and Create:**
Enter the required details and click on the "Create" button to initiate the invoice creation process.
**3. Gather Data:**
Define your data queries as per your invoice requirements or proceed to the next step.
**4. Add Template:**
Toggle to select an existing template or upload a new one.
**5. Insert Fields:**
Use the "Insert Field" option to place fields within your template. This can include standard and custom Salesforce object fields.
**6. Customize Template Header:**
If needed, add fields to the template header for comprehensive customization.
**7. Save Template:**
Once your template is customized, save it for future use.
**8. Assign Behaviors:**
Set up behaviors according to your preferences to enhance functionality.
**9. Add Button to Page Layout:**
Navigate to your Salesforce Page Layouts to add a button for generating invoices.
**10. Access Invoice Generation:**
Use the App Launcher to find and select your object (e.g., Account).
**11. Generate Invoice:**
Choose the relevant record and click on the invoice generation button.
**12. Merge Document:**
Review and merge the document to generate your finalized invoice.
**13. Completion:**
Your invoice is now ready for use, tailored to your business requirements.
## Conclusion
Automating your invoicing process with Docs Made Easy not only saves time and reduces errors but also enhances the overall efficiency of your Salesforce operations. By following the outlined steps, you can quickly and effectively create customized invoices that meet the specific needs of your business. For further information or to explore the latest updates, visit the Salesforce AppExchange and discover the capabilities of [Salesforce Document Generation](https://docsmadeasy.com/) with Docs Made Easy today.
**Want to Explore More Ways to Streamline Invoice Creation?**
For additional detailed steps with screenshots, visit our comprehensive guide [Steps To Create Invoice in Salesforce ](https://docsmadeasy.com/blog/how-to-create-invoice-in-docs-made-easy/). Discover how Docs Made Easy can further enhance your invoicing process in Salesforce. | kimayanazum |
1,901,381 | HireVA Services | Elevate your business with our distinctive expertise. From crafting personalized designs to... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:13:19 | https://dev.to/hireva349/hireva-services-1o5o | services, webdev, programming, beginners | Elevate your business with our distinctive expertise. From crafting personalized designs to orchestrating seamless interactions, we translate your vision into digital reality. Discover the transformative impact of HireVA, where our VAs possess diverse skill sets in Automation, Project Management, CRM Management, GHL, SEO, and WordPress.
visit: [https://www.hireva.co/](https://www.hireva.co/) | hireva349 |
1,901,370 | Type issu in Nextjs app. | [Help please] how can i solve the issue? there is an object called diary comming from an database and... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:12:05 | https://dev.to/abdullahmunshi/type-issu-in-nextjs-app-40dn | nextjs, typescript, reactjsdevelopment, nextjsdevelopment | [Help please] how can i solve the issue? there is an object called diary comming from an database and passed to <DiaryEditForm diary={diary} /> component where a useState hook expecting that object. at build time it gives the following error.
`import { db } from "@/db";
import DiaryEditForm from "@/components/diary-edit-form";
interface DiaryEditPageProps {
params: {
id: string;
};
}
export default async function DiaryEditPage(props: DiaryEditPageProps) {
const id = parseInt(props.params.id);
const diary = await db.diary.findFirst({
where: { id },
});
return (
<div>
<DiaryEditForm diary={diary} />
</div>
);
}`
`"use client";
import { Diary } from "@prisma/client";
import { useState } from "react";
import * as actions from "@/actions";
interface DiaryEditFormProps {
diary: Diary;
}
export default function DiaryEditForm({ diary }: DiaryEditFormProps) {
const [content, setContent] = useState(diary);
const handleEditorChange = (event: {
target: { name: string; value: string };
}) => {
const { name, value } = event.target;
setContent((prevContent) => ({
...prevContent,
[name]: value,
}));
};
const editDiaryAction = actions.editDiary.bind(
null,
diary.id,
content.title,
content.description
);
return (
<form action={editDiaryAction} className="space-y-4">
<h1 className="text-center font-semibold">Edit your Diary</h1>
<div>
<label
htmlFor="title"
className="block text-gray-700 font-medium mb-2 leading-tight"
>
Title
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="title"
id="title"
value={content.title}
onChange={handleEditorChange}
className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded focus:outline-none focus:border-gray-500"
/>
</div>
<div>
<label
htmlFor="description"
className="block text-gray-700 font-medium mb-2 leading-tight"
>
Description
</label>
<textarea
name="description"
id="description"
value={content.description}
onChange={handleEditorChange}
className="min-h-32 w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded focus:outline-none focus:border-gray-500"
></textarea>
</div>
<button
type="submit"
className="bg-gray-600 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded"
>
Save
</button>
</form>
);
}
` | abdullahmunshi |
1,901,369 | Tricky Golang interview questions - Part 5: interface == nil | Another topic I would like to discuss in these series is the interface to nil comparison problem.... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:09:30 | https://dev.to/crusty0gphr/tricky-golang-interview-questions-part-5-interface-nil-2agh | go, interview, tutorial, programming | Another topic I would like to discuss in these series is the interface to nil comparison problem. This question is frequently asked during many golang interviews and requires an understanding of how types are constructed under the hood.
**Question: Which `if` statements will be evaluated as `true`?**
```go
package main
import "fmt"
type SomeType interface {
Get()
}
type SomeImpl struct {...}
func (i SomeImpl) Get() {...}
func main() {
var aType SomeType
if aType == nil {
fmt.Println("nil interface")
}
var aImpl *SomeImpl
if aImpl == nil {
fmt.Println("nil struct")
}
aType = aImpl
if aType == nil {
fmt.Println("nil assignment")
}
}
```
As we all know (hope so) the empty interface in golang holds a `nil` value. The default value of an empty interface is **nil**. This means the uninitialised variable `var aType SomeType` holds a `nil` value because it has a type of empty (nil) interface. In this case, the if condition is fulfilled, we will see a print statement in the terminal:
```go
[Running] go run "main.go"
nil interface
```
Good, let's continue further.
We have another uninitialised variable `var aImpl *SomeImpl` which is a pointer to the struct. As you know in golang **all memory is initialised (zeroed)** this means that the pointers, even if they are uninitialised, will have a default value, which is `nil`. So we have one more fulfilled if condition:
```go
[Running] go run "main.go"
nil interface
nil struct
```
For the last, we see a value assignment (value initialisation) of a struct pointer value to the interface variable `aType = aImpl`. Judging by the earlier made statements it is logical to assume that we assign a `nil` value to the `var aType` and in the result, `aType` will remain `nil`.
```go
[Running] go run "main.go"
nil interface
nil struct
nil assignment
[Done] exited with code=0 in 0.318 seconds
```
This sounds logical, so the confident answer is:
**The program will output all print statements into the terminal because all if statements will be fulfilled during the execution!**
Okay, that sounds good (would say the interviewer). Let's run the program and check the results. The actual result looks like this:
```go
[Running] go run "main.go"
nil interface
nil struct
[Done] exited with code=0 in 0.318 seconds
```
As you already noticed, the output does not contain the last `nil assignment` print statement. So, why this happened?
To answer this question we must dig deeper into the language to understand how interfaces are constructed in golang.
#### Interface
In golang, an interface is a type that specifies a set of method signatures. When a value is assigned to an interface, golang constructs an interface value that consists of two parts: **the dynamic type and the dynamic value**. This is commonly referred to as the “interface tuple.”
1. **Dynamic Type**: This is a pointer to a type descriptor that describes the type of the concrete value stored in the interface.
2. **Dynamic Value**: This is a pointer to the actual value that the interface holds.
The interface tuple can be represented as the following structs:
```go
type iface struct {
tab *itab
data unsafe.Pointer
}
type itab struct {
inter *interfacetype
_type *_type
hash uint32
_ [4]byte
fun [1]uintptr // variable sized, actually [n]uintptr
}
```
- `tab`: A pointer to an `itab` structure that contains information about the type and the methods that the type implements for the interface.
- `data`: A pointer to the actual data held by the interface.
When a value is assigned to an interface, golang finds the type descriptor for the concrete type being assigned to the interface. Then sets up the method table (`itab`) that allows method calls through the interface to be dispatched to the correct implementation and finally stores a pointer to the actual value in the data field of the interface.
When `aType = aImpl` is executed
1. **Determining Interface Implementation**: golang first determines that `*SomeImpl` (a pointer to `SomeImpl`) implements the `SomeType` interface because `*SomeImpl` has a method `Get()` with the correct signature.
2. **Looking Up the Type Descriptor**: golang looks up the type descriptor for `*SomeImpl`.
3. **Creating the** **`itab`**: golang creates an `itab` structure
5. **Assigning the Pointer**: golang assigns the pointer to the `SomeImpl` value to the data field of the interface.
```
interface (aType)
+------------+ +-----------+
| tab |---------->| itab |
| | |-----------|
| data |--+ | inter |
+------------+ | | _type |
| | fun[0] |
| +-----------+
|
v
+---------------+
| *SomeImpl |
+---------------+
| ........ |
+---------------+
```
#### Summary
To sum up, what we learned, the previous explanation in short means:
```
+ uninitialised +-------------+ initialised +
interface (aType) interface (aType)
+------------+ +--------------------------------+
| tab: nil | | tab: type of *SomeImpl |
| data: nil | | data: value of *SomeImpl (nil) |
+------------+ +--------------------------------+
```
Now the tricky part.
In golang when checking if an `interface` is `nil`, both the `tab` and `data` fields must be `nil`. **If an `interface` holds a `nil` pointer of a concrete type, the `tab` field will not be `nil`, so the `interface` itself will not be considered `nil`.**
This is the reason why we don't see the last print statement inside the terminal. After execution of `aType = aImpl` the variable `aType` is no longer considered as a nil / empty interface.
It's that easy! | crusty0gphr |
1,901,360 | Tips for Cracking the Interviews | Preparing for an interview can be a daunting task, but with the right tips, you can make a great... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:57:08 | https://dev.to/anjali110385/tips-for-cracking-the-interviews-3p9k | language, learning, education, englishspeaking | Preparing for an interview can be a daunting task, but with the right tips, you can make a great impression. Firstly, research the company thoroughly to understand its culture and values. Practice common interview questions to build confidence and articulate your thoughts clearly. Dress appropriately for the interview, keeping in mind the company’s dress code. Arrive on time to demonstrate punctuality and respect for the interviewer’s time.
Lastly, ask thoughtful questions at the end of the interview to show your genuine interest in the role and the company. Good preparation and a positive attitude can go a long way in securing your desired job. For **[commonly asked interview questions](https://englishfear.in/teacher-interview-questions-and-answers/)**, follow this link. Best of luck! | anjali110385 |
1,901,368 | Suggestions needed | Can anyone suggest me some good YouTube channels for learning backend development with java?? | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:09:16 | https://dev.to/nairrit2k24/suggestions-needed-2clj | java, backend, backenddevelopment, webdev | Can anyone suggest me some good YouTube channels for learning backend development with java?? | nairrit2k24 |
1,901,364 | Crafting Maintainable and Scalable Software: Applying SOLID Principles | SOLID principles are a set of design guidelines that can help developers create more maintainable,... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:05:06 | https://dev.to/mahabubr/crafting-maintainable-and-scalable-software-applying-solid-principles-19c4 | development, solidprinciples, programming, cpp | SOLID principles are a set of design guidelines that can help developers create more maintainable, understandable, and flexible software. These principles, introduced by Robert C. Martin, are particularly useful in object-oriented programming. Let's explore each principle with examples in C++.
## Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
**Principle:** A class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have only one job or responsibility.
```
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
// Before applying SRP
class User {
public:
void login(std::string username, std::string password) {
// logic for user login
}
void saveUserData(std::string userData) {
// logic for saving user data
}
void sendEmail(std::string emailContent) {
// logic for sending email
}
};
// After applying SRP
class Authenticator {
public:
void login(std::string username, std::string password) {
// logic for user login
}
};
class UserDataHandler {
public:
void saveUserData(std::string userData) {
// logic for saving user data
}
};
class EmailSender {
public:
void sendEmail(std::string emailContent) {
// logic for sending email
}
};
int main() {
Authenticator auth;
auth.login("user", "password");
UserDataHandler dataHandler;
dataHandler.saveUserData("user data");
EmailSender emailSender;
emailSender.sendEmail("Welcome!");
return 0;
}
```
## Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
**Principle:** Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification.
```
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
// Base class
class Shape {
public:
virtual void draw() const = 0; // pure virtual function
};
// Derived class for Circle
class Circle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() const override {
std::cout << "Drawing Circle\n";
}
};
// Derived class for Rectangle
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() const override {
std::cout << "Drawing Rectangle\n";
}
};
// Function to draw all shapes
void drawShapes(const std::vector<Shape*>& shapes) {
for (const auto& shape : shapes) {
shape->draw();
}
}
int main() {
Circle circle;
Rectangle rectangle;
std::vector<Shape*> shapes = { &circle, &rectangle };
drawShapes(shapes);
return 0;
}
```
## Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
**Principle:** Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of a subclass without affecting the correctness of the program.
```
#include <iostream>
class Bird {
public:
virtual void fly() {
std::cout << "Bird is flying\n";
}
};
class Ostrich : public Bird {
public:
void fly() override {
throw std::logic_error("Ostriches can't fly");
}
};
void makeBirdFly(Bird& bird) {
bird.fly();
}
int main() {
Bird sparrow;
makeBirdFly(sparrow); // works fine
Ostrich ostrich;
try {
makeBirdFly(ostrich); // throws exception
} catch (const std::logic_error& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
```
## Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
**Principle:** Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use.
```
#include <iostream>
// Before applying ISP
class IWorker {
public:
virtual void work() = 0;
virtual void eat() = 0;
};
class Worker : public IWorker {
public:
void work() override {
std::cout << "Working\n";
}
void eat() override {
std::cout << "Eating\n";
}
};
class Robot : public IWorker {
public:
void work() override {
std::cout << "Working\n";
}
void eat() override {
// Robots don't eat
}
};
// After applying ISP
class IWorkable {
public:
virtual void work() = 0;
};
class IFeedable {
public:
virtual void eat() = 0;
};
class HumanWorker : public IWorkable, public IFeedable {
public:
void work() override {
std::cout << "Working\n";
}
void eat() override {
std::cout << "Eating\n";
}
};
class AndroidWorker : public IWorkable {
public:
void work() override {
std::cout << "Working\n";
}
};
int main() {
HumanWorker human;
human.work();
human.eat();
AndroidWorker robot;
robot.work();
return 0;
}
```
## Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
**Principle:** High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions.
```
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
// Before applying DIP
class LightBulb {
public:
void turnOn() {
std::cout << "LightBulb turned on\n";
}
void turnOff() {
std::cout << "LightBulb turned off\n";
}
};
class Switch {
LightBulb& bulb;
public:
Switch(LightBulb& bulb) : bulb(bulb) {}
void operate() {
bulb.turnOn();
bulb.turnOff();
}
};
// After applying DIP
class Switchable {
public:
virtual void turnOn() = 0;
virtual void turnOff() = 0;
};
class LightBulbDIP : public Switchable {
public:
void turnOn() override {
std::cout << "LightBulb turned on\n";
}
void turnOff() override {
std::cout << "LightBulb turned off\n";
}
};
class SwitchDIP {
std::unique_ptr<Switchable> device;
public:
SwitchDIP(std::unique_ptr<Switchable> device) : device(std::move(device)) {}
void operate() {
device->turnOn();
device->turnOff();
}
};
int main() {
LightBulb bulb;
Switch switchObj(bulb);
switchObj.operate();
auto lightBulbDIP = std::make_unique<LightBulbDIP>();
SwitchDIP switchDIP(std::move(lightBulbDIP));
switchDIP.operate();
return 0;
}
```
## Conclusion
By adhering to the SOLID principles, developers can create software that is easier to manage, scale, and understand. Each principle addresses different aspects of software design, ensuring that code remains robust and flexible in the face of change. Implementing these principles in C++ requires careful planning and a solid understanding of object-oriented design concepts. | mahabubr |
1,901,363 | Using JavaScript to Enhance Euro 2024 Fan Experience | The upcoming Euro 2024 tournament is set to be one of the most exciting events in the football... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:04:05 | https://dev.to/alexroor4/using-javascript-to-enhance-euro-2024-fan-experience-1m5d | webdev, javascript, beginners, programming | The upcoming Euro 2024 tournament is set to be one of the most exciting events in the football calendar. As developers, we have an opportunity to leverage JavaScript to enhance the fan experience during this prestigious event. Whether it's through real-time data visualization, interactive content, or engaging web applications, JavaScript can play a crucial role in bringing the excitement of Euro 2024 to life online.
Real-Time Data Visualization
One of the key aspects of following a football tournament is staying updated with live scores, match statistics, and team standings. JavaScript, along with libraries like D3.js and Chart.js, allows us to create dynamic and interactive data visualizations that can keep fans informed in real time.
Example: Creating a Live Scoreboard
Using an API like the Football Data API, we can fetch live scores and match data. Here’s a simple example using JavaScript and Chart.js to create a live updating scoreboard:
javascript
const apiKey = 'YOUR_API_KEY';
const url = `https://api.football-data.org/v2/competitions/2000/matches`; // Euro 2024
async function fetchMatches() {
const response = await fetch(url, {
headers: { 'X-Auth-Token': apiKey }
});
const data = await response.json();
return data.matches;
}
function updateScoreboard(matches) {
const scoreboard = document.getElementById('scoreboard');
scoreboard.innerHTML = ''; // Clear previous data
matches.forEach(match => {
const matchElement = document.createElement('div');
matchElement.innerHTML = `
<h3>${match.homeTeam.name} vs ${match.awayTeam.name}</h3>
<p>Score: ${match.score.fullTime.homeTeam} - ${match.score.fullTime.awayTeam}</p>
`;
scoreboard.appendChild(matchElement);
});
}
setInterval(async () => {
const matches = await fetchMatches();
updateScoreboard(matches);
}, 60000); // Update every minute
Interactive Fan Engagement
JavaScript can also be used to create interactive content that engages fans. This could include quizzes, prediction games, and interactive maps of match locations. By utilizing frameworks like React or Vue.js, we can build rich user interfaces that keep fans engaged and entertained.
Example: Building a Match Prediction Game
Using React, we can create a simple match prediction game where users can predict the outcome of upcoming matches and earn points based on their predictions.
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
function MatchPrediction() {
const [matches, setMatches] = useState([]);
const [predictions, setPredictions] = useState({});
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchMatches() {
const response = await fetch('https://api.football-data.org/v2/competitions/2000/matches', {
headers: { 'X-Auth-Token': 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
});
const data = await response.json();
setMatches(data.matches);
}
fetchMatches();
}, []);
const handlePredictionChange = (matchId, prediction) => {
setPredictions({
...predictions,
[matchId]: prediction
});
};
const submitPredictions = () => {
console.log('Submitted predictions:', predictions);
// Here you could send the predictions to a server or calculate points
};
return (
<div>
<h1>Euro 2024 Match Predictions</h1>
<form onSubmit={submitPredictions}>
{matches.map(match => (
<div key={match.id}>
<h3>{match.homeTeam.name} vs {match.awayTeam.name}</h3>
<input
type="text"
placeholder="Your prediction"
onChange={(e) => handlePredictionChange(match.id, e.target.value)}
/>
</div>
))}
<button type="submit">Submit Predictions</button>
</form>
</div>
);
}
export default MatchPrediction;
Enhancing Social Media Interactions
Social media plays a huge role in how fans interact with football tournaments. JavaScript can be used to enhance these interactions by integrating social media feeds, creating shareable content, and providing real-time updates.
Example: Embedding a Twitter Feed
Using the Twitter API and JavaScript, we can embed a live feed of tweets related to Euro 2024, allowing fans to stay updated with the latest discussions and trends.
<div id="twitter-feed"></div>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script>
twttr.widgets.createTimeline(
{
sourceType: 'hashtag',
screenName: 'Euro2024'
},
document.getElementById('twitter-feed')
);
</script>
Euro 2024 presents an exciting opportunity for developers to use JavaScript to create engaging, interactive, and informative experiences for football fans. By leveraging JavaScript libraries and frameworks, we can enhance the way fans follow the tournament, making it more immersive and enjoyable. Whether it's through real-time data visualization, interactive games, or social media integration, JavaScript has the power to bring the excitement of Euro 2024 to life online. | alexroor4 |
1,894,503 | Never Deploy Broken Playbooks Again: Ansible Automation Platform and Steampunk Spotter Integration | Imagine confidently deploying Ansible Playbooks knowing they’re free of security vulnerabilities and... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:00:00 | https://steampunk.si/blog/never-deploy-broken-playbooks-again-aap-spotter-integration/ | ansible, ansibleplaybooks, steampunkspotter, spotterintegration | Imagine confidently deploying Ansible Playbooks knowing they’re free of security vulnerabilities and compliance issues. The integration of **Steampunk Spotter** with Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform (AAP) ensures that **every job** can be **inspected for security vulnerabilities and compliance issues before and even during execution.** Let’s delve into how this integration streamlines your workflow and guarantees flawless playbooks.
## Why Integrate Ansible Automation Platform with Steampunk Spotter?
Before diving into the specifics, let’s explore why these powerful platforms work best together. While code checking tools help us validate Ansible Playbooks before execution which significantly shortens debugging time and prevents major production issues, the truth is that **static code analysis and early fail principle still fall short.**
Found errors can be intentionally or unintentionally bypassed. And even if all identified errors are fixed before execution, there’s no guarantee of reliable and secure outcomes when running playbooks in AAP because static code analysis can’t assess the values used within the playbook itself. And these values can present significant security risks, even if the playbook itself passes static code analysis. That’s why it’s **important to also check the playbook while it’s being executed.**
**Steampunk Spotter bridges this gap, ensuring playbooks are thoroughly tested before and during execution to help you** improve Ansible Playbook quality, reduce playbook errors, mitigate security risks, ensure playbook compliance, and **achieve secure execution.**
## The Traditional Way: Develop, Test, and Execute Ansible Playbooks
We typically start by creating a YAML file and writing the playbook code. Ansible Lint or other similar linting tools help catch common syntax issues during this stage. However, **linters focus solely on syntax: they check only for style errors and don’t analyze the actual content used.**
This is where **Steampunk Spotter** shines. This powerful Ansible Playbook Platform **analyzes the content of your playbooks, ensuring they’re not just syntactically correct, but also secure, reliable, and compliant** with your company policies.
Let’s consider an example.
```
---
- hosts: all
connection: network cli
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: Create security group.
amazon.aws.ec2_security_group:
name: "web-app-sec"
description: "Sec group for app web-app"
region: "eu-west-3"
access_key: "124gfsd23rwddsf2"
rules:
- proto:tcp
from_port: 22
to_port: 22
cidr_ip: 0.0.0.0/0
- proto: tcp
to_port: 80
cidr_ip: 0.0.0.0/0
register: result_sec_group
- name: EC2 instance create.
amazon.aws.ec2_instance:
name: "VM_for_demo"
vpc_subnet_id: subnet-5calable
key_name: "prod-ssh-key"
security_group: "web-app-sec"
volumes:
- device_name: /dev/sdal
ebs:
volume_size: 64
delete_on_termination: true
image_id: ami-08c947c038321a605
network:
assign_public_ip: true
tags:
demo: VM
- name: Gather information about the instance with a tag.
amazon.aws.ec2_instance_info:
filters:
"tag: demo": VM
register: instance_id
- name: Test
amazon.aws.ec2_snapshot:
instance_id: "{{ instance_id }}"
device_name: /dev/sda1
description: snapshot of /data from VM_for_demo
- name: VPC info.
steampunk.aws.ec2_vpc_info:
auth:
access_key: dafsgdhzjthtrereddscfr
secret_key: "{{ my_secret_key }}"
region: "{{ my_region }}"
register: vpcs
- name: Create a new database with name "acme".
community.postgresql.postgresql_db:
db: acme
- name: For passing JSON, etc.
community.postgresql.postgresql_query:
query: INSERT INTO test_table (array_column) VALUES (%s)
positional_args:
- '{1,2,3}'
- name: Ensure that the desired snmp strings are present.
cisco.ios.ios.config:
lines:
- snmp-server community ansible-public RO
- reboot
```
This seemingly correct playbook passed the syntax check, but it is clear that it includes security issues that would cause major problems.
As we see, the playbook is written correctly, looks fine, and is in line with Ansible best practices, but it contains security and compliance issues that regular linters wouldn’t catch.
So, the next step usually is to scan the playbook locally. We commit the code to a Git repo which in our case includes CI pipelines in place that check the quality of code – we have Ansible Lint and Steampunk Spotter in place to safeguard our main repo.
First, we scanned our playbook with Ansible Lint:
Then Spotter provided us with some significant security issues:
Clearly there is a difference in the output. But even if Spotter provided deep insights into security issues, there’s a chance users might choose to ignore them to save time.
Businesses can block a merge request to prevent the playbook from passing the CI pipeline, but users can just leave the code as it is in their branch and deploy the code with potential risks in the Ansible Automation Platform.
Or, more commonly, this scenario: we correct all identified issues, but Spotter, while providing deep insight into the quality and security of playbooks and static analysis of not only Ansible content, but also Ansible modules and the code itself, still doesn’t have access to the values used in them, and these can be a big problem during production.
## Unsecure Playbooks: Two Scenarios to Consider
No matter what the reason, we are left with a playbook that contains quite harmful security issues, so if we run it in AAP, here’s how this plays out with and without Spotter integration:
**Without Spotter Integration:**
* The user syncs the project, retrieves playbooks, sets execution environments, and provides necessary credentials.
* They launch the playbook, effectively deploying code with potential security issues due to ignored tests and feedback from Steampunk Spotter and Ansible Lint.
**With Spotter integration**
Similar steps occur initially, but Steampunk Spotter becomes the game-changer. Users can still skip checks, but the key difference lies in **selecting the execution environment within the job template.** (We’ll explain this further.)
When the user launches the job template, Steampunk Spotter **detects potential security issues before and during execution.** Spotter **checks the values of parameters and stops execution** if they violate your internal policies. In our example, Spotter would flag the playbook with errors, preventing its execution and potential security breaches.
## Steampunk Spotter and AAP Integration 101
We’ve explored the need for this integration and its benefits. Now, let’s see how it works and what new it brings to the table in the Ansible automation world.
The **integration requires custom Execution Environments (EE)** to be used on Ansible Automation Platform, **which are simple to create, and our Steampunk experts provide all the necessary instructions and support.** Spotter also comes with existing tooling to save you time on creating new execution environments.
With the new execution environment containing Spotter, you can set it up within AAP and enforce its use for all users. This **ensures all job templates undergo the necessary validation and inspection before execution.**
## What You Need to Change: A Streamlined Process
* Update your execution environments.
* Add custom credentials.
* That’s it! It’s a quick and efficient process that delivers immediate results.
## Runtime Checks with Steampunk Spotter: A Game-changer
Traditionally, we’ve relied on various methods to check code before execution, followed by additional scans. This approach, known as the “early fail principle,” is beneficial for catching errors early on. However, it has limitations. **Static code analysis can only check Ansible tasks, parameters, and predefined values but struggles with variables and dynamic values produced during task execution.** This is where runtime checks, also known as dynamic analysis, come in.
**Runtime checks offer valuable insights into these dynamic values during playbook execution.** Based on pre-defined checks and policies within Steampunk Spotter, they can **halt execution if potential problems arise.** While this might be considered a “late fail,” it’s certainly better to catch issues before they impact your infrastructure.
Let’s explore a couple of scenarios:
* Imagine a playbook deploying a Samba server with specific configurations. The playbook might attempt to open ports, including port 22 (SSH), to a public IP address, which could violate your company’s security policy. Static code analysis wouldn’t identify this risk since the port number is provided as a variable.
With runtime checks, however, Spotter detects this issue during execution and stops the playbook, preventing a potential security breach.
{% embed https://www.youtube.com/embed/rpYZ4JTegIk?si=cp7Q2tm-gtdZi8kj %}
* Another example involves creating a user with the username and password set to “ADMIN.” While Ansible might allow this seemingly valid password, it might contradict your company’s policy against weak passwords.
Spotter’s runtime checks would prevent this by identifying the weak password and halting execution before compromising security.
Now we saw that **Spotter stopped Ansible during execution, and with that prevented a security issue on our infrastructure.** But that’s not the end yet. Execution stopped, but we can’t see the code on which the error was triggered that would enable us to see what the actual problem was and what we have to fix.
Again, Spotter has you covered.
## Beyond Stopping Execution: Code Analysis
While stopping execution is crucial, Steampunk Spotter offers additional benefits. If Spotter halts execution due to an issue, you can access the Spotter App to **analyze the specific code causing the problem.** This allows you to easily share the problematic code with your team and work together to fix it.
The Scan environment feature captures a snapshot of relevant information during each scan, including Ansible and Python versions, installed collections, and Ansible configuration overrides. This provides valuable context for troubleshooting any issues identified by Spotter.
## Summary
Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform focuses on running your automation efficiently and Steampunk Spotter validates your Ansible content before and during execution in AAP. It acts as a “gatekeeper,” catching errors and preventing potentially harmful deployments. This ensures thorough testing throughout the Ansible workflow, saving you time by preventing risky deployments and achieving compliant, secure execution.
Beyond identifying issues, Steampunk Spotter empowers collaboration through code rendering and provides valuable insights through the scan environment feature.
Don’t miss the opportunity to streamline and safeguard your Ansible workflows. [Get a live demo](https://steampunk.si/spotter/book-a-demo/) today to see the power of Steampunk Spotter and AAP integration in action.
| xlab_steampunk |
1,901,346 | Using PHP Attributes to Create and Use a Custom Validator in Symfony | Symfony, a leading PHP framework, is consistently updated to leverage modern PHP features. With PHP... | 0 | 2024-06-26T14:00:00 | https://chrisshennan.com/blog/using-php-attributes-to-create-and-use-a-custom-validator-in-symfony | symfony, php, attributes, validation | Symfony, a leading PHP framework, is consistently updated to leverage modern PHP features. With PHP 8, attributes provide a new way to define metadata for classes, methods, properties, etc., which can be used for validation constraints. This blog post will guide you through creating and using a custom validator in Symfony to validate UK mobile number prefixes using PHP attributes.
## What Are PHP Attributes?
PHP attributes, introduced in PHP 8, enable you to add metadata to various code elements, accessible via reflection. In Symfony, attributes can simplify defining validation constraints, making your code more concise and readable.
## Example 1 - Creating a Custom Validator for UK Mobile Number Prefix
Let's create a custom validator to check if a phone number has a valid UK mobile prefix (e.g., starting with '07').
### Step 1: Define the Attribute
Create a new attribute class that defines the custom constraint.
```php
// src/Validator/Constraints/UkMobile.php
namespace App\Validator\Constraints;
use Attribute;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint;
#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY | Attribute::TARGET_METHOD)]
class UkMobile extends Constraint
{
public string $message = 'The number "{{ string }}" is not a valid UK mobile number.';
}
```
### Step 2: Create the Validator
Next, create the validator with the logic to check if a phone number has a valid UK mobile prefix.
```php
// src/Validator/Constraints/UkMobileValidator.php
namespace App\Validator\Constraints;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\ConstraintValidator;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Exception\UnexpectedTypeException;
class UkMobileValidator extends ConstraintValidator
{
public function validate($value, Constraint $constraint): void
{
if (null === $value || '' === $value) {
return;
}
if (!is_string($value)) {
throw new UnexpectedTypeException($value, 'string');
}
// Check if the number starts with '07'
if (!preg_match('/^07[0-9]{9}$/', $value)) {
$this->context->buildViolation($constraint->message)
->setParameter('{{ string }}', $value)
->addViolation();
}
}
}
```
### Step 3: Apply the Attribute in an Entity
Use the UkMobile attribute in your entities to enforce this custom validation rule.
```php
// src/Entity/User.php
namespace App\Entity;
use App\Validator\Constraints as AppAssert;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
#[ORM\Entity]
class User
{
#[ORM\Id]
#[ORM\GeneratedValue]
#[ORM\Column(type: 'integer')]
private $id;
#[ORM\Column(type: 'string', length: 15)]
#[Assert\NotBlank]
#[AppAssert\UkMobile]
private $mobileNumber;
// getters and setters
}
```
### Step 4: Test the Validator
Ensure everything works correctly by writing some unit tests or using Symfony's built-in validation mechanism.
```php
// tests/Validator/Constraints/UkMobileValidatorTest.php
namespace App\Tests\Validator\Constraints;
use App\Validator\Constraints\UkMobile;
use App\Validator\Constraints\UkMobileValidator;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Test\ConstraintValidatorTestCase;
class UkMobileValidatorTest extends ConstraintValidatorTestCase
{
protected function createValidator(): ConstraintValidator
{
return new UkMobileValidator();
}
public function testNullIsValid(): void
{
$this->validator->validate(null, new UkMobile());
$this->assertNoViolation();
}
public function testValidUkMobileNumber(): void
{
$this->validator->validate('07123456789', new UkMobile());
$this->assertNoViolation();
}
public function testInvalidUkMobileNumber(): void
{
$constraint = new UkMobile();
$this->validator->validate('08123456789', $constraint);
$this->buildViolation($constraint->message)
->setParameter('{{ string }}', '08123456789')
->assertRaised();
}
}
```
## Example 2 - Creating a Custom Validator for Glasgow Postcodes
In this example, we want to create a custom validator to check if a postcode is a valid Glasgow postcode. This could be used for professional trade services i.e. [bark.com](https://bark.com) where a company only services certain areas.
### Step 1: Define the Attribute
First, create a new attribute class to define the custom constraint.
```php
// src/Validator/Constraints/GlasgowPostcode.php
namespace App\Validator\Constraints;
use Attribute;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint;
#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY | Attribute::TARGET_METHOD)]
class GlasgowPostcode extends Constraint
{
public string $message = 'The postcode "{{ string }}" is not a valid Glasgow postcode.';
}
```
### Step 2: Create the Validator
Next, create the validator with the logic to check if a postcode is a valid Glasgow postcode.
```php
// src/Validator/Constraints/GlasgowPostcodeValidator.php
namespace App\Validator\Constraints;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\ConstraintValidator;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Exception\UnexpectedTypeException;
class GlasgowPostcodeValidator extends ConstraintValidator
{
public function validate($value, Constraint $constraint): void
{
if (null === $value || '' === $value) {
return;
}
if (!is_string($value)) {
throw new UnexpectedTypeException($value, 'string');
}
// Regex for validating Glasgow postcodes (starting with G)
$pattern = '/^G\d{1,2}\s?\d[A-Z]{2}$/i';
if (!preg_match($pattern, $value)) {
$this->context->buildViolation($constraint->message)
->setParameter('{{ string }}', $value)
->addViolation();
}
}
}
```
### Step 3: Apply the Attribute in an Entity
Use the GlasgowPostcode attribute in your entities to enforce this custom validation rule.
```php
// src/Entity/Address.php
namespace App\Entity;
use App\Validator\Constraints as AppAssert;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
#[ORM\Entity]
class Address
{
#[ORM\Id]
#[ORM\GeneratedValue]
#[ORM\Column(type: 'integer')]
private $id;
#[ORM\Column(type: 'string', length: 10)]
#[Assert\NotBlank]
#[AppAssert\GlasgowPostcode]
private $postcode;
// getters and setters
}
```
### Step 4: Test the Validator
Ensure everything works correctly by writing some unit tests or using Symfony's built-in validation mechanism.
```php
// tests/Validator/Constraints/GlasgowPostcodeValidatorTest.php
namespace App\Tests\Validator\Constraints;
use App\Validator\Constraints\GlasgowPostcode;
use App\Validator\Constraints\GlasgowPostcodeValidator;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Test\ConstraintValidatorTestCase;
class GlasgowPostcodeValidatorTest extends ConstraintValidatorTestCase
{
protected function createValidator(): ConstraintValidator
{
return new GlasgowPostcodeValidator();
}
public function testNullIsValid(): void
{
$this->validator->validate(null, new GlasgowPostcode());
$this->assertNoViolation();
}
public function testValidGlasgowPostcode(): void
{
$this->validator->validate('G1 1AA', new GlasgowPostcode());
$this->assertNoViolation();
}
public function testInvalidGlasgowPostcode(): void
{
$constraint = new GlasgowPostcode();
$this->validator->validate('EH1 1AA', $constraint);
$this->buildViolation($constraint->message)
->setParameter('{{ string }}', 'EH1 1AA')
->assertRaised();
}
}
```
## Beyond Entities
Custom validators aren't restricted to entities. They can be used to apply validation to properties and methods of any class you need, for example, if we wanted to use the GlasgowPostcode validator in a DTO object we could do something like
```php
// src/DTO/PostcodeDTO.php
namespace App\DTO;
use App\Validator\Constraints as AppAssert;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;
class PostcodeDTO
{
#[Assert\NotBlank]
#[AppAssert\GlasgowPostcode]
private string $postcode;
public function __construct(string $postcode)
{
$this->postcode = $postcode;
}
public function getPostcode(): string
{
return $this->postcode;
}
}
```
and to check this DTO contains valid data we would make use of the validation service like
```php
$postcodeDTO = new PostcodeDTO('G1 1AA');
$violations = $this->validator->validate($postcodeDTO);
```
### Conclusion
Using PHP attributes to define custom validators in Symfony can enhance code readability and leverage modern PHP features. By following the steps outlined above, you can create robust, reusable validation logic that integrates seamlessly with Symfony's validation system. This approach simplifies adding custom validations and keeps your code clean and maintainable.
Happy coding!
----
Originally published at [https://chrisshennan.com/blog/using-php-attributes-to-create-and-use-a-custom-validator-in-symfony](https://chrisshennan.com/blog/using-php-attributes-to-create-and-use-a-custom-validator-in-symfony) | chrisshennan |
1,901,359 | MGID's Generative AI | MGID's Generative AI... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:53:31 | https://dev.to/franksinatra/mgids-generative-ai-4mib | mgid, ai, generative | MGID's Generative AI [https://www.mgid.com/blog/unleashing-creativity-exploring-mgid-s-generative-ai-features](https://www.mgid.com/blog/unleashing-creativity-exploring-mgid-s-generative-ai-features) is like having a creative assistant who never runs out of ideas. This tool helps regular folks, like us, craft engaging content effortlessly. Whether you're writing a blog post or an ad, the AI suggests relevant themes and phrases, making the process smoother and faster. It's not about replacing our creativity but enhancing it, saving time and reducing the stress of writer's block. | franksinatra |
1,901,358 | Abaya: A Symbol of Modesty and Tradition | The abaya is a long, flowing black cloak worn by Muslim women, primarily in the Middle East and North... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:51:13 | https://dev.to/jack_son_3c5a8a5465bbf062/abaya-a-symbol-of-modesty-and-tradition-365p | javascript | The [abaya](https://wearmumtaz.com/collections/abaya) is a long, flowing black cloak worn by Muslim women, primarily in the Middle East and North Africa. It is designed to cover the entire body except for the face, hands, and feet, symbolizing modesty and privacy. Traditionally, the abaya is made from lightweight fabrics like crepe or chiffon, making it comfortable for daily wear in hot climates. While traditionally plain, contemporary abayas often feature intricate embroidery, beadwork, and modern cuts. This garment holds cultural and religious significance, reflecting the wearer's identity and adherence to Islamic principles of modesty. | jack_son_3c5a8a5465bbf062 |
1,901,350 | A RAG for Elixir | Abstract This is the second part of a series of blog posts on using a RAG (Retrieval... | 27,867 | 2024-06-26T13:50:49 | https://bitcrowd.dev/a-rag-for-elixir | llm, rag, ai, elixir | ## Abstract
This is the second part of a series of blog posts on using a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) information system for your codebase. Together we explore how this can empower your development team. Check out the [first post](/how-even-the-simplest-RAG-can-empower-your-team) for an introduction into the topic if you haven't already.
In this episode we explore how we can adapt our RAG system for Ruby codebases from [the first episode](https://bitcrowd.dev/how-even-the-simplest-RAG-can-empower-your-team) to read and understand Elixir code. We will take a look at [LangChain](https://www.langchain.com/) and text _"splitting"_ and _"chunking"_.
Let's dive right into it.
## Background
Our [RAG system](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time) was built with the idea to discover Ruby codebases. In order to have conversations about Elixir codebases as well, we need to make sure our LLM _"understands"_ Elixir code. This is where [LangChain](https://www.langchain.com/) comes into play.
LangChain is a toolkit around all things LLMs, including RAG. We use it to parse our documents or codebase and generate a vector database from it. In our [simple RAG system](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time), we specify which file endings (.rb) and which programming language (Ruby) our documents have.
The ingestion of programming source code into an LLM with LangChain was initially only supported for Python, C and a few others languages. Then [this issue](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/issues/11229) proposed the usage of a parser library like [Tree-sitter](https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/) to facilitate adding support for many more languages. The discussion is worth reading.
Finally, [this pull request](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/pull/13318) introduced support for a lot more languages, including Ruby, based on this proposal. It was a school project:
> I am submitting this for a school project as part of a team of 5. Other team members are @LeilaChr, @maazh10, @Megabear137, @jelalalamy. This PR also has contributions from community members @Harrolee and @Mario928.
Our plan is to use this as a starting point to enable basic parsing of Elixir source code with LangChain. With that, we should be able to have conversations with our RAG system about Elixir codebases as well.
## Splitting / Chunking text
To read our Elixir codebase, the parser needs some rules on where to split the provided source code files at. Generally for RAG, when ingesting (reading in) a text file, PDF, etc. it will try to split it into chunks, ideally along it's semantic meaning. In text documents, the meanings are often grouped along:
1. chapters
2. paragraphs
3. sentences
4. words
If your embedding model has enough context capacity, you would try to split along chapters or paragraphs, because human readable text often groups meanings that way. If those are too big, you would try to break between sentences, and, as a last resort, words. One would generally try to avoid splitting inside words. Take for instance "sense" and "nonsense", which carry quite a different meaning.
## Splitting / Chunking code
Embedding code is a bit underdeveloped, but the strategy is to break the code into pieces by inserting new lines so that it looks a bit more like natural text, and then let the embedding model deal with the task of making sense (inferring meaning) from it. Interestingly, the models trained on that task do that surprisingly well.
As said, LangChain has dedicated [document loaders for source code](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/integrations/document_loaders/source_code/) and a [guide](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/integrations/document_loaders/source_code/#adding-languages-using-tree-sitter-template) on how to add new ones based on Tree-sitter. So we went ahead and implemented a document loader and parser for Elixir source code in LangChain. It only covers the core basics of the language, but it was already enough for our proof-of-concept RAG application. With LangChain now supporting Elixir out of the box, people can use the parser in a variety of different scenarios and will come up with ways to improve it to fit more use cases. Our implementation is only the ground work. You can have a look at [the PR](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/pull/22742) if you're interested in what's necessary to add parsing support for another programming language in LangChain. Spoiler: not much if you can utilize Tree-sitter.
The core of LangChain's programming language parsers based on Tree-sitter is their `CHUNK_QUERY`. For our Elixir parser it looks like this:
```python
CHUNK_QUERY = """
[
(call target: ((identifier) @_identifier
(#any-of? @_identifier "defmodule" "defprotocol" "defimpl"))) @module
(call target: ((identifier) @_identifier
(#any-of? @_identifier "def" "defmacro" "defmacrop" "defp"))) @function
(unary_operator operator: "@" operand: (call target: ((identifier) @_identifier
(#any-of? @_identifier "moduledoc" "typedoc""doc")))) @comment
]
""".strip()
```
We are using Tree-sitter's own [tree query language](https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers#pattern-matching-with-queries) here. Without diving into the details, our query makes sure to distinguish top level modules, functions and comments. The document loader will then take care of loading each chunk into a separate document and split the lines accordingly. The approach is the same for all programming languages.
## Test drive
Let's take this for a spin in [our RAG system scripts](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time/) from [episode one](./how-even-the-simplest-RAG-can-empower-your-team) of this series.
Just as a refresher: the idea is to have a RAG system for your team's codebase using LLMs locally without exchanging any data with third parties like OpenAI and the like. It includes a conversational AI built with [Chainlit](https://docs.chainlit.io/get-started/overview), so that members of the team can _"chat"_ with the LLM about the codebase, for instance to get information about the domain or where to find things for the ticket they are working on.
For testing purposes we will use our RAG system on a popular open source Elixir package, the [Phoenix Framework](https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix).
### Get the RAG ready
First we need to get our local RAG system ready for operating on an Elixir codebase. It needs to know:
- Where is the code?
- Which programming language is it?
- Which suffixes have the source code files?
We provide this information via environment variables in a `.env` file:
```sh
OLLAMA_MODEL="llama3:8b"
CODEBASE_PATH="./phoenix"
CODEBASE_LANGUAGE="elixir"
CODE_SUFFIXES=".ex, .exs"
```
We just cloned the current state of the Phoenix Git repository right next to our RAG code. We also keep using Meta's [Llama3](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/) model, and instruct the document loader to look at Elixir files.
> #### ℹ️ Info
> At the time of testing [our PR on LangChain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/pull/22742) was not released yet. So we were pointing to our fork's local code for the `langchain`, `langchain-community` and `langchain-text-splitter` Python packages from the `requirements.txt` file.
For the sake of simplicity we assume the project documentation to be in Markdown and hard-coded this information into our code ingestion logic.
With that, we can set up our vector database for the Phoenix codebase:
```bash
python ingest-code.py
```
Then we start the chat bot:
```bash
chainlit run main.py
```
> **Chatbot**:
> Hi, Welcome to Granny RAG. Ask me anything about your code!
Now we are ready to have a conversation about the codebase.
### Ask questions
Let’s take an [original PR](https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix/pull/5792) from Phoenix to evaluate the quality of our solution, similar to what we did with Ruby in the previous post.
The pull request fixes a small issue in the `recycle/1` function of the `Phoenix.ConnTest` module at `phoenix/lib/phoenix/test/conn_test.ex`:
> Currently, if you set `remote_ip` during a test when building a conn, calling a dispatch call e.g get will run the conn through `recycle` which will lose this information. This PR changes that so it is maintained similar to `host`.
We reset our clone of the Phoenix repository (and our vector database) to the state right before the PR was merged and then ask the RAG system for help with the issue:
#### Understand the problem
> **We:**
> Please help me understand the following briefing:
>
> ```
> Currently, if you set `remote_ip` during a test when building a `conn`,
> calling > a dispatch call, e.g `get`, will run the `conn` through `recycle`
> which will > lose this information. Instead, we want `the remote_ip`
> maintained, similar to `host`.
> ```
>
> Can you see why `remote_ip` is not preserved in test cases where `recycle` is used?
> **Chatbot:**
> The briefing explains that when running a test with Phoenix's Conn and Endpoint frameworks, the `remote_ip` information is lost during the test. This happens because of the way Phoenix's `Conn.recycle/1` function works.
> Here's what's happening:
>
> 1. In your tests, you create a new `conn` with a specific IP address (e.g., `remote_ip = "192.168.0.100"`).
> 2. You then dispatch an HTTP request to this connection using something like `get("/")`.
> 3. When you do this, Phoenix's Conn framework calls the `Conn.recycle/1` function behind the scenes.
> 4. This `recycle` function is designed to clean up and reset the connection for subsequent requests.
> 5. However, as part of this cleanup process, it loses the previously set `remote_ip` information.
>
> The reason why `host` is preserved but not `remote_ip` is that Phoenix's Conn framework has a special handling for the `host` attribute. When you set the `host` attribute, it gets stored in the connection's internal state. This means that when you recycle the connection, the `host` information is still retained.
>
> On the other hand, `remote_ip` is not preserved because it's not explicitly stored in the connection's internal state. Instead, it's just a temporary value set during the test execution.
> To maintain the `remote_ip` information across tests, you can create a custom Conn module that overrides the default behavior of `Conn.recycle/1`. This would involve storing the original `remote_ip` value and restoring it after recycling the connection.
>
> In summary, `remote_ip` is lost in test cases because Phoenix's `Conn.recycle/1` function doesn't explicitly preserve this information. To keep `remote_ip` intact, you'll need to create a custom Conn module that overrides the default behavior of `recycle`.
>
> Sources:
> /Users/joshuabauer/code/rag_time/phoenix/test/phoenix/test/conn_test.exs,
> […]
#### Implement a solution
This would give us a hint on how to solve the issue in our app if we were _"using"_ the Phoenix framework. But let's say we want to fix the issue _"for good"_ in the framework itself. We now know the `Conn.recycle/1` function is what we're interested in. So we look at the listed sources, search for the `recycle/1` function in the code and find `ConnTest/recycle/1` as the test-conn equivalent to `Conn.recycle/1`. This is pretty much already be the "custom Conn module" the RAG was referring to and it's just used for tests. And after all, we only want to change the behavior for tests. So let's ask the RAG what to do with it:
> **We:**
> Given the following code from `phoenix/lib/phoenix/test/conn_test.ex`, what would I need to change to persist `conn.remote_ip` in the same way as `conn.host`?
>
> ```elixir
> def recycle(conn, headers \\ ~w(accept accept-language authorization)) do
> build_conn()
> |> Map.put(:host, conn.host)
> |> Plug.Test.recycle_cookies(conn)
> |> Plug.Test.put_peer_data(Plug.Conn.get_peer_data(conn))
> |> copy_headers(conn.req_headers, headers)
> end
> ```
> **Chatbot:**
> A Phoenix ConnTest question!
>
> To persist `conn.remote_ip` in the same way as `conn.host`, you would need to add a line to the `recycle/2` function to copy the remote IP address.
>
> Here's how:
>
> ```elixir
> def recycle(conn, headers \\ ~w(accept accept-language authorization)) do
> build_conn()
> |> Map.put(:host, conn.host)
> |> Map.put(:remote_ip, conn.remote_ip) # Add this line
> |> Plug.Test.recycle_cookies(conn)
> |> Plug.Test.put_peer_data(Plug.Conn.get_peer_data(conn))
> |> copy_headers(conn.req_headers, headers)
> end
> ```
>
> Now, when you recycle a connection, both `conn.host` and `conn.remote_ip` will be preserved.
>
> Sources:
> […]
#### Compare solution
Looking at the PR's [file changes](https://github.com/phoenixframework/phoenix/pull/5792/files), this is exactly what the person came up with:
So the conversation with our Elixir RAG was quite helpful for guiding us through the code and finding an adequate solution to the problem.
## Try it yourself!
It is really easy! Just [clone our repo](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time), follow the README and tell the script where to find your codebase:
```
CODEBASE_PATH="./path-to-my-elixir-codebase"
CODEBASE_LANGUAGE="elixir"
CODE_SUFFIXES=".ex, .exs"
```
We kept the scripts basic, so that they are easy to understand and extend. Depending on your codebase, the results might not always be perfect, but often surprisingly good.
## Outlook
In this post we saw how we can extend a simple off-the-shelf system to better fit the needs of our dev team. We enabled our RAG system to read and understand Elixir code! Text splitting and chunking is just one possible example of where to start when it comes to adjusting a RAG system for your specific needs. What we got is already quite useful, but it's definitely still lacking precision.
We will explore possibilities for further improvements and fine tuning in the next episodes of this blog post series.
Or, if you canʼt wait, give the team at bitcrowd a shout via granny-rag@bitcrowd.net or [book a consulting call here](https://calendly.com/calendly-6kjr/30min).
| klappradla |
1,901,357 | Release 0.9.0 of Ebirah | long over due release update of my docker-dzil experiment | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:47:00 | https://dev.to/jonasbn/release-090-of-ebirah-1mio | perl, docker, release, opensource | ---
title: Release 0.9.0 of Ebirah
published: true
description: long over due release update of my docker-dzil experiment
tags: perl, docker, release, opensource
# cover_image: https://direct_url_to_image.jpg
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.
# published_at: 2024-06-26 13:26 +0000
---
I finally got around to making a release 0.9.0 of Ebirah. ([0.8.0 was released October 2022](https://dev.to/jonasbn/release-080-of-ebirah-596m))
The Ebirah repository has see multiple updates, primarily targetting the infrastructure and all handled by Dependabot.
- The website is handled by Jekyll, so many PRs are related to Jekyll and related components
- The repository uses several GitHub Actions, also resulting in quite a few
- Docker based repositories are also recipients of PRs related to things changing outside the repository
However there are some humans involved and this particular release was triggered by a PR from Glasswalk3r.
The PR was proposing an improvement in the security posture, by introducing use of a non-root user, so if you are interested in this do checkout PR [#82](https://github.com/jonasbn/ebirah/pull/82).
At the same time Perl version 5.40.0 was released, so the base image of the Docker image, was updated accordingly. I am looking into updated to the latest Debian release "Bookworm", which is the base image of the Perl Docker image. Currently the images are based on "Bullseye", the Debian release prior to "Bookworm". Actually the "Bookworm" based image can be used as "latest".
I did a brief check using Snyk and by updating from "Bullseye" to "Bookwork" the number of critical security issues dropped from 2 to 3. Changing to a _slim_ image would improve these numbers even further, so this is being considered, see [#34](https://github.com/jonasbn/ebirah/issues/34).
With the release also Dist::Zilla was updated to the latest release, I am working on how to manifest this in the repository, I believe that I might need to rely on `cpanfile.snapshot` and at the same time be able to update this file using Docker, I know how to do this manually, but would love an automated process.
The change log is not long, reflecting somewhat what was mentioned above, the blog post only services to add some more context, but if you want the full blown description, do check out the [auto-generated change log](https://github.com/jonasbn/ebirah/releases/tag/0.9.0).
## Change log
### 0.9.0 2024-06-24 Feature release, update recommended
- Via PR [#82](https://github.com/jonasbn/ebirah/pull/82) from @glasswalk3r, the Docker image has been updated to use a non-root user, this is a most welcome security enhancement
- The Docker base image has been updated from Perl 5.38.2 to Perl 5.40.0 via PR [#89](https://github.com/jonasbn/ebirah/pull/89) from @dependabot
- This release updates the dependency: [Dist::Zilla](https://metacpan.org/pod/Dist::Zilla) from version `6.025` to `6.032`, please see the [change log](https://metacpan.org/dist/Dist-Zilla/changes) of [Dist::Zilla](https://metacpan.org/pod/Dist::Zilla)
| jonasbn |
1,901,356 | How Learning Programming is Similar to Learning a New Language | As someone who has been deeply involved in teaching English and helping people master the language... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:46:07 | https://dev.to/anjali110385/how-learning-programming-is-similar-to-learning-a-new-language-3dmm | englishspeaking, interview, education, programming |
As someone who has been deeply involved in teaching English and helping people master the language through my website, English Fear, I've noticed fascinating parallels between learning a programming language and learning a natural language. Understanding vocabulary is crucial in both areas, as learning programming syntax is like building your vocabulary with new terms, functions, and commands. Similarly, grammar provides rules for structuring sentences in natural languages and code in programming languages.
Immersing yourself in the environment, whether it be an English-speaking one or a coding community, can greatly enhance learning. Daily practice, whether it’s writing code or speaking English, is key to improvement. Making mistakes is a natural part of the learning process in both fields, offering valuable opportunities for growth. By recognizing these similarities and applying effective learning strategies, you can make the process of learning both English and programming more enjoyable and effective. If you’re looking for **[ways to improve your English](https://englishfear.in/grammar-interview-questions-for-english-teachers/)**, check out my website **[English Fear](https://englishfear.in/blog/)** for resources and tips. Happy coding and happy learning! | anjali110385 |
1,901,354 | New Journey | Hi everyone, I'm new here and I am a computer engineering graduate from Ghana Communications... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:44:33 | https://dev.to/nlankwei5/new-journey-oj7 | cloudcomputing, aws, beginners | Hi everyone, I'm new here and I am a computer engineering graduate from Ghana Communications Technology University, Accra-Ghana in West Africa. I have always been curious abut the cloud and networking. The path has been a bit hazy for me for the past two years. I got completely confused. Finally a have a guide and a mentor to help out with my journey. I am restarting now hopefully I become a cloud engineer in the next six months. I'll be posting what i learn and share a few concerns and project I am undertaking. Your feedback is welcomed. | nlankwei5 |
1,901,353 | Exploring the Role of CaptchaAI in Automating and Bypassing Captcha Challenges | In the digital era, CAPTCHAs serve as a critical barrier against automated attacks, ensuring that... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:44:00 | https://dev.to/media_tech/exploring-the-role-of-captchaai-in-automating-and-bypassing-captcha-challenges-4ad | In the digital era, CAPTCHAs serve as a critical barrier against automated attacks, ensuring that users on websites are indeed human. However, these CAPTCHAs can often disrupt user experience and slow down digital interactions. CaptchaAI, a leading **captcha solving service**, aims to bridge the gap between maintaining security and enhancing user experience by automating the process of solving these CAPTCHAs.
**The Evolution of CAPTCHA Solving**
Captcha challenges have evolved from simple text-based puzzles to complex image and interactive puzzles like reCAPTCHA, designed to outsmart automated bots. While effective at deterring malicious activities, these CAPTCHAs can be a significant hurdle for users, particularly those with accessibility issues. Here, CaptchaAI’s **image captcha solving** technology and **reCaptcha solving service** come into play, simplifying the process for all users.
**How CaptchaAI Works**
CaptchaAI uses advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to decode CAPTCHAs with high precision. This **captcha solving** technology can interpret various captcha types—from traditional image captchas to the more complex reCAPTCHAs—ensuring seamless access across digital platforms. By integrating CaptchaAI’s API, websites and online services can offer a more streamlined user experience, significantly reducing the interruption caused by CAPTCHAs.
**Benefits of Automating Captcha Challenges**
**Automating captcha solving processes offers numerous advantages:**
**Enhanced User Experience:** Users encounter less frustration as they no longer need to decode challenging CAPTCHAs, leading to higher satisfaction and reduced bounce rates on websites.
**Increased Accessibility:** Automated captcha solving, particularly in image captcha solving, makes digital platforms more accessible to people with visual impairments or other disabilities.
**Improved Efficiency:** Automation speeds up the captcha solving process, which is crucial for environments that require quick verification, such as during high-traffic periods on commercial websites.
**Security Implications**
While automating captcha solving enhances user experience, it is crucial to balance this with the security implications of potentially opening avenues for bots. CaptchaAI addresses this by continually updating its algorithms to handle new and more complex captcha types without compromising the security they are meant to provide.
**Conclusion**
CaptchaAI has revolutionized the way businesses and end-users interact with CAPTCHAs, making it a cornerstone in the modern internet experience. By automating captcha solving, CaptchaAI not only improves accessibility and efficiency but also maintains the necessary security measures.
**Simplify your experience and focus on what truly matters without being slowed down by CAPTCHAs With CaptchaAI** | media_tech | |
1,900,511 | Build an AI-Powered Resume & Cover Letter Generator (CopilotKit, LangChain, Tavily & Next.js) | TL;DR Building a great project is the best resume for an aspiring developer. Well, today... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:40:20 | https://dev.to/copilotkit/build-an-ai-powered-resume-cover-letter-generator-copilotkit-langchain-tavily-nextjs-1nkc | webdev, tutorial, programming, javascript | ## **TL;DR**
Building a great project is the best resume for an aspiring developer.
Well, today we will hit two birds with one stone; I will teach you how to build a cutting-edge, AI-powered application that will generate your resume & cover letter based on your LinkedIn, GitHub & X.
This project & your ensuing resume will blow away any employer.
We'll cover how to:
- Build the resume & cover letter generator web app using Next.js, TypeScript, and Tailwind CSS.
- Use CopilotKit to integrate AI functionalities into the resume & cover letter generator.
- Use Langchain and Tavily to scrape your LinkedIn, GitHub, or X profile content.
---
# CopilotKit: The open-source framework for building in-app AI copilots
CopilotKit is an [open-source AI copilot platform](https://github.com/CopilotKit/CopilotKit). We make it easy to integrate powerful AI into your React apps.
Build:
- ChatBot: Context-aware in-app chatbots that can take actions in-app 💬
- CopilotTextArea: AI-powered textFields with context-aware autocomplete & insertions 📝
- Co-Agents: In-app AI agents that can interact with your app & users 🤖
{% cta https://git.new/devtoarticle1 %} Star CopilotKit ⭐️ {% endcta %}
---
## Prerequisites
To fully understand this tutorial, you need to have a basic understanding of React or Next.js.
Here are the tools required to build the AI-powered resume and cover letter generator:
- [React Markdown](https://github.com/remarkjs/react-markdown) - a **React** component that can be given a string of markdown to safely render to React elements.
- [Langchain](https://www.langchain.com/) - provides a framework that enables AI agents to search the web, research and scrape any topic or link.
- [OpenAI API](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) - provides an API key that enables you to carry out various tasks using ChatGPT models.
- [Tavily AI](https://tavily.com/) - a search engine that enables AI agents to conduct research or scrape data and access real-time knowledge within the application.
- [CopilotKit](https://github.com/CopilotKit) - an open-source copilot framework for building custom AI chatbots, in-app AI agents, and text areas.
## Project Set up and Package Installation
First, create a Next.js application by running the code snippet below in your terminal:
```tsx
npx create-next-app@latest airesumecoverlettergenerator
```
Select your preferred configuration settings. For this tutorial, we'll be using TypeScript and Next.js App Router.
Next, install the React Markdown and OpenAI packages with their dependencies.
```jsx
npm i react-markdown openai
```
Finally, install the CopilotKit packages. These packages enable us to retrieve data from the React state and add AI copilot to the application.
```jsx
npm install @copilotkit/react-ui @copilotkit/react-core @copilotkit/backend
```
Congratulations! You're now ready to build an AI-powered resume and cover letter generator.
## **Building The Resume & Cover Letter Generator Frontend**
In this section, I will walk you through the process of creating the Resume & cover letter generator frontend with static content to define the generator’s user interface.
To get started, go to `/[root]/src/app` in your code editor and create a folder called `components`. Inside the components folder, create a file named `Resume.tsx`
In the `Resume.tsx` file, add the following code that defines a React functional component called **`Resume`**.
```jsx
"use client";
// Import React and necessary hooks from the react library
import React from "react";
import { useState } from "react";
// Import the ReactMarkdown component to render markdown content
import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown";
// Import the Link component from Next.js for navigation
import Link from "next/link";
function Resume() {
// State variables to store the resume and cover letter content
const [coverLetter, setCoverLetter] = useState("");
const [resume, setResume] = useState("");
return (
// Main container with flex layout, full width, and minimum height of screen
<div className="flex flex-col w-full min-h-screen bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-800">
{/* Header section with a fixed height, padding, and border at the bottom */}
<header className="flex items-center h-16 px-4 border-b shrink-0 md:px-6 bg-white dark:bg-gray-900">
{/* Link component for navigation with custom styles */}
<Link
href="#"
className="flex items-center gap-2 text-lg font-semibold md:text-base"
prefetch={false}>
<span className="sr-only text-gray-500">Resume Dashboard</span>
<h1>Resume & Cover Letter Generator</h1>
</Link>
</header>
{/* Main content area with padding */}
<main className="flex-1 p-4 md:p-8 lg:p-10">
{/* Container for the content with maximum width and centered alignment */}
<div className="max-w-4xl mx-auto grid gap-8">
{/* Section for displaying the resume */}
<section>
<div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 rounded-lg shadow-sm">
<div className="p-6 md:p-8">
<h2 className="text-lg font-bold">Resume</h2>
<div className="my-6" />
<div className="grid gap-6">
{/* Conditional rendering of the resume content */}
{resume ? (
<ReactMarkdown>{resume}</ReactMarkdown>
) : (
<div>No Resume To Display</div>
)}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
{/* Section for displaying the cover letter */}
<section>
<div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 rounded-lg shadow-sm">
<div className="p-6 md:p-8">
<h2 className="text-lg font-bold">Cover Letter</h2>
<div className="my-6" />
<div className="grid gap-4">
{/* Conditional rendering of the cover letter content */}
{coverLetter ? (
<ReactMarkdown>{coverLetter}</ReactMarkdown>
) : (
<div>No Cover Letter To Display</div>
)}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</main>
</div>
);
}
export default Resume;
```
Next, go to `/[root]/src/page.tsx` file, and add the following code that imports `Resume` component and defines a functional component named `Home`.
```jsx
import Resume from "./components/Resume";
export default function Home() {
return <Resume />;
}
```
Finally, run the command `npm run dev` on the command line and then navigate to http://localhost:3000/.
Now you should view the resume and cover letter generator frontend on your browser, as shown below.
Congratulations! You're now ready to add AI functionalities to the AI-powered resume and cover letter generator.
## **Integrating AI Functionalities To The Resume & Cover Letter Generator Using CopilotKit**
In this section, you will learn how to add an AI copilot to the Resume & Cover Letter generator to generate resume and cover letter using CopilotKit.
CopilotKit offers both frontend and [backend](https://docs.copilotkit.ai/getting-started/quickstart-backend) packages. They enable you to plug into the React states and process application data on the backend using AI agents.
First, let's add the CopilotKit React components to the Resume & Cover Letter generator frontend.
### **Adding CopilotKit to the To-Do List Generator Frontend**
Here, I will walk you through the process of integrating the Resume & Cover Letter generator with the CopilotKit frontend to facilitate Resume & Cover Letter generation.
To get started, use the code snippet below to import `useCopilotReadable`, and `useCopilotAction`, custom hooks at the top of the `/src/app/components/Resume.tsx` file.
```jsx
import { useCopilotAction, useCopilotReadable } from "@copilotkit/react-core";
```
Inside the `Resume` function, below the state variables, add the following code that uses the `useCopilotReadable` hook to add the Resume & Cover Letter that will be generated as context for the in-app chatbot. The hook makes the Resume & Cover Letter readable to the copilot.
```jsx
useCopilotReadable({
description: "The user's cover letter.",
value: coverLetter,
});
useCopilotReadable({
description: "The user's resume.",
value: resume,
});
```
Below the code above, add the following code that uses the `useCopilotAction` hook to set up an action called `createCoverLetterAndResume` which will enable the generation of resume and cover letter.
The action takes two parameters called `coverLetterMarkdown` and `resumeMarkdown` which enables the generation of resume and cover letter. It contains a handler function that generates resume and cover letter based on a given prompt.
Inside the handler function, `coverLetter` and `resume` states are updated with the newly generated resume and cover letter markdown, as shown below.
```tsx
useCopilotAction(
{
// Define the name of the action
name: "createCoverLetterAndResume",
// Provide a description for the action
description: "Create a cover letter and resume for a job application.",
// Define the parameters required for the action
parameters: [
{
// Name of the first parameter
name: "coverLetterMarkdown",
// Type of the first parameter
type: "string",
// Description of the first parameter
description:
"Markdown text for a cover letter to introduce yourself and briefly summarize your professional background.",
// Mark the first parameter as required
required: true,
},
{
// Name of the second parameter
name: "resumeMarkdown",
// Type of the second parameter
type: "string",
// Description of the second parameter
description:
"Markdown text for a resume that displays your professional background and relevant skills.",
// Mark the second parameter as required
required: true,
},
],
// Define the handler function to be executed when the action is called
handler: async ({ coverLetterMarkdown, resumeMarkdown }) => {
// Update the state with the provided cover letter markdown text
setCoverLetter(coverLetterMarkdown);
// Update the state with the provided resume markdown text
setResume(resumeMarkdown);
},
},
// Empty dependency array, indicating this effect does not depend on any props or state
[],
);
```
After that, go to `/[root]/src/app/page.tsx` file and import CopilotKit frontend packages and styles at the top using the code below.
```jsx
import { CopilotKit } from "@copilotkit/react-core";
import { CopilotSidebar } from "@copilotkit/react-ui";
import "@copilotkit/react-ui/styles.css";
```
Then use `CopilotKit` to wrap the `CopilotSidebar` and `Resume` components, as shown below. The `CopilotKit` component specifies the URL for CopilotKit's backend endpoint (`/api/copilotkit/`) while the `CopilotSidebar` renders the in-app chatbot that you can give prompts to generate resume and cover letter.
```jsx
export default function Home() {
return (
<CopilotKit runtimeUrl="/api/copilotkit">
<CopilotSidebar
instructions={"Help the user create a cover letter and resume"}
labels={{
initial:
"Welcome to the cover letter app! Add your LinkedIn, X, or GitHub profile link below.",
}}
defaultOpen={true}
clickOutsideToClose={false}>
<Resume />
</CopilotSidebar>
</CopilotKit>
);
}
```
After that, run the development server and navigate to [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000/). You should see that the in-app chatbot was integrated into the Resume and Cover Letter generator.
### **Adding CopilotKit Backend to the Blog**
Here, I will walk you through the process of integrating the Resume and Cover Letter generator with the CopilotKit backend that handles requests from frontend, and provides function calling and various LLM backends such as GPT.
Also, we will integrate an AI agent named Tavily that can scrape content on any given link on the web.
To get started, create a file called `.env.local` in the root directory. Then add the environment variables below in the file that hold your `ChatGPT` and `Tavily` Search API keys.
```bash
OPENAI_API_KEY="Your ChatGPT API key"
TAVILY_API_KEY="Your Tavily Search API key"
OPENAI_MODEL=gpt-4-1106-preview
```
To get the ChatGPT API key, navigate to https://platform.openai.com/api-keys.
To get the Tavily Search API key, navigate to https://app.tavily.com/home
After that, go to `/[root]/src/app` and create a folder called `api`. In the `api` folder, create a folder called `copilotkit`.
In the `copilotkit` folder, create a file called `tavily.ts` and add the following code. The code defines an asynchronous function **`scrape`** that takes a link as input, sends this link to Tavily API, processes the JSON response, and then uses OpenAI's language model to generate a summary of the response in plain English.
```jsx
// Import the OpenAI library
import OpenAI from "openai";
// Define an asynchronous function named `scrape` that takes a search query string as an argument
export async function scrape(query: string) {
// Send a POST request to the specified API endpoint with the search query and other parameters
const response = await fetch("https://api.tavily.com/search", {
method: "POST", // HTTP method
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json", // Specify the request content type as JSON
},
body: JSON.stringify({
api_key: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEY, // API key from environment variables
query, // The search query passed to the function
search_depth: "basic", // Search depth parameter
include_answer: true, // Include the answer in the response
include_images: false, // Do not include images in the response
include_raw_content: false, // Do not include raw content in the response
max_results: 20, // Limit the number of results to 20
}),
});
// Parse the JSON response from the API
const responseJson = await response.json();
// Instantiate the OpenAI class
const openai = new OpenAI();
// Use the OpenAI API to create a completion based on the JSON response
const completion = await openai.chat.completions.create({
messages: [
{
role: "system", // Set the role of the message to system
content: `Summarize the following JSON to answer the research query \`"${query}"\`: ${JSON.stringify(
responseJson
)} in plain English.`, // Provide the JSON response to be summarized
},
],
model: process.env.OPENAI_MODEL || "gpt-4", // Specify the OpenAI model, defaulting to GPT-4 if not set in environment variables
});
// Return the content of the first message choice from the completion response
return completion.choices[0].message.content;
}
```
Next, create a file called `route.ts` in the `copilotkit` folder, and add the following code. The code sets up a scraping action using the CopilotKit framework to fetch and summarize content based on a given link.
Then it defines an action that calls the scrape function and returns the result. If the required API key is available, it adds this action to the CopilotKit runtime and responds to a POST request using the OpenAI model specified in the environment variables.
```jsx
// Import necessary modules and functions
import { CopilotRuntime, OpenAIAdapter } from "@copilotkit/backend";
import { Action } from "@copilotkit/shared";
import { scrape } from "./tavily"; // Import the previously defined scrape function
// Define a scraping action with its name, description, parameters, and handler function
const scrapingAction: Action<any> = {
name: "scrapeContent", // Name of the action
description: "Call this function to scrape content from a url in a query.", // Description of the action
parameters: [
{
name: "query", // Name of the parameter
type: "string", // Type of the parameter
description:
"The query for scraping content. 5 characters or longer. Might be multiple words", // Description of the parameter
},
],
// Handler function to execute when the action is called
handler: async ({ query }) => {
console.log("Scraping query: ", query); // Log the query to the console
const result = await scrape(query); // Call the scrape function with the query and await the result
console.log("Scraping result: ", result); // Log the result to the console
return result; // Return the result
},
};
// Define an asynchronous POST function to handle POST requests
export async function POST(req: Request): Promise<Response> {
const actions: Action<any>[] = []; // Initialize an empty array to store actions
// Check if the TAVILY_API_KEY environment variable is set
if (process.env["TAVILY_API_KEY"]) {
actions.push(scrapingAction); // Add the scraping action to the actions array
}
// Create a new instance of CopilotRuntime with the defined actions
const copilotKit = new CopilotRuntime({
actions: actions,
});
const openaiModel = process.env["OPENAI_MODEL"]; // Get the OpenAI model from environment variables
// Return the response from CopilotKit, using the OpenAIAdapter with the specified model
return copilotKit.response(req, new OpenAIAdapter({ model: openaiModel }));
}
```
## How To Generate Resume and Cover Letter
Now go to the in-app chatbot you integrated earlier and add a LinkedIn, GitHub or X profile link then press enter.
Once you have added the link, the chatbot will use LangChain and Tavily to scrape content from link profile. Then it will use the content to generate a Resume and Cover Letter.
The resume generated should look as shown below.
The cover letter generated should look as shown below.
Congratulations! You’ve completed the project for this tutorial.
## Conclusion
You can now build an awesome AI-powered resume generator to both hone in your AI building skills and simplify your job search process!
Please remember to like & save this article if you enjoyed it and let me know what topics you'd want to see covered next. | uliyahoo |
1,901,349 | Git Branch Management | Introduction A well-structured branch management flow is crucial for handling frequent... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:38:42 | https://dev.to/abir101/git-branch-management-1170 | ## Introduction
A well-structured branch management flow is crucial for handling frequent releases and immediate hotfixes efficiently. This article outlines a comprehensive branch management flow designed for regular periodic releases alongside urgent hotfixes, ensuring that features and fixes are tested thoroughly before reaching the production environment. By adopting this flow, teams can enhance collaboration, reduce integration issues, and accelerate time to market.
## Branch Types
### Main Branches
- **`master` branch**: This is your production branch, and it should always be stable, containing the code that is currently live in Main.
- **`develop` branch**: This is your main development branch where all the features, enhancements, and non-critical bug fixes are merged first. This branch is live in Testing Server and Integrated testing is performed in every merge request.
### Supporting Branches
- **Feature branches**: New features or enhancements.
- Naming convention: `feature/<feature-name>`
- **Bugfix branches**: Non-critical bug fixes.
- Naming convention: `bugfix/<bug-name>`
- **Release branches**: Preparation for new releases.
- Naming convention: `release/vX.X.X`
- **Hotfix branches**: Critical fixes for production.
- Naming convention: `hotfix/<issue>`
## Workflow
### Regular Release Cycle (Every 14 Days)
- **Feature Development**
1. Developers create `feature` branches from `develop` for each new feature.
2. After completion and local testing, developers will create a pull request to merge it back into `develop`. The branch is reviewed and then merged into `develop`.
- **Bug Fixes**
1. Developers create `bugfix` branches from `develop` for each bugs.
2. After completion and local testing, developers will create a pull request to merge it back into `develop`. The branch is reviewed and then merged into `develop`.
- **Release Workflow**
1. Every 14 days, create a `release` branch from `develop`.
2. Perform **Integrated testing** and any final tweaks on this branch.
3. Once it's confirmed stable, merge `release` into `master` and deploy to production.
4. Also, merge back into `develop` to ensure all changes are included in the next cycle.
### Hotfixes (Immediate Release)
- **Hotfix Workflow**:
1. When a critical issue is identified in production, developers create a `hotfix` branch directly from `master`.
2. Fix the issue in the `hotfix` branch & test thoroughly.
3. Merge the `hotfix` branch first into `master` and deploy immediately.
4. Also merge `hotfix` into `develop` to ensure the fix is included in the ongoing development.
## Conclusion
Adopting a structured branch management flow, offers numerous advantages to any software development team. Implementing such a branch management strategy empowers teams to tackle frequent releases and the need for rapid responses to critical production issues. However, this strategy depends on specific needs and dynamics of the team and varies from company to company.
This is my second blog writing. Feel free to comment if you have any questions or any refinement to the article. If you like the blog, don’t forget to like it & share with your friends/colleagues.
To get in personal touch, connect me on:
Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/abirmoulick/
Github:https://github.com/Abir10101/
Thanks for reading
Written with ❤️ & passion 🔥 by Abir Moulick
| abir101 | |
1,901,348 | Segunda parte: Definiciones/Conceptos del día a día | Como mencioné en la introducción, la idea al finalizar esta serie de publicaciones es tener las... | 27,616 | 2024-06-26T13:37:26 | https://dev.to/alfredtester/segunda-parte-definicionesconceptos-del-dia-a-dia-4oa2 | testing, api, apitesting, e2etesting |
Como mencioné en la introducción, la idea al finalizar esta serie de publicaciones es tener las herramientas y el conocimiento para poder convertirnos expertos en API Testing, por tanto poder manejar y tener claridad de los conceptos es esencial. No vamos a crear un diccionario, ya que haría la publicación muy larga si buscamos definir todo, así que el enfoque va a ser definir lo que vamos a estar utilizando en nuestro día a día. Empecemos:
**Contract o contrato**
El contrato es básicamente la específicación de como se de debe hacer la petición y como va a responder este según la manera en la que se arma la petición. (Esencial para hacer contract testing)
**cURL**
La definición oficial: es una herramienta de línea de comandos, que permite transferir datos hacia o desde un servidor sin interacción del usuario.
En la actualidad es un estandar para compartir una petición que estamos realizando, ya sea desde el navegador o de alguna herramienta para diseño/prueba y prueba de APIs. Para entender mejor como se construye un cURL les recomiendo visitar [Curl Builder](https://curlbuilder.com/)
**Endpoint**
Los endpoints son en pocas palabras el medio con lo que accedemos o interactuamos con la API aunque es normal al momento de hablar de endpoint mencionar solo la path de este, ejemplo: si tenemos http://localhost/user/info , diríamos: El que falla es el user info , cada endpoint es la url + metodo + data disponible que utilizamos para hacer alguna acción sobre el servidor.
**Header**
Los headers tienen una definición un poco compleja y para entender esto al 100% debemos hablar de redes (y soy bastante ignorante en esta materia), voy a tratar de simplificar el concepto.
Debemos saber que podemos tener cabeceras de petición y de respuesta.
Ya con esto podemos decir que en las cabeceras de petición, lo utilizamos para proporcionar al servidor información adicional o complementaria del tipo de petición que estamos realizando.
La cabecera de petición más común es el `Content-Type` que lo utilizamos para indicar el formato de texto a utilizar en el payload (definido más abajo), esto se conforma por un par llave-valor por lo que la definición completa de esta cabecera sería `Content-Type:application/json`
Otra cabecera muy común es `Authorization` utilizada para agregar un token.
En la industria también se ha creado un estandar para utilizar cabeceras customizadas y estas tienden a iniciar con una letra equis (x) aunque no es obligario, ejemplo: `X-Api-Key`
Existen palabras reservadas o cabeceras pre-definidas y justo cuando una cabcera custom coincide con el nombre de una de las pre-definidas es cuando entra en juego el usar la X. Les comparto el listado completo de cabeceras por si quieren darle una mirada: [List of all HTTP headers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers)
**Path param**
Path param (parámetros de ruta) son básicamente variables de solicitud que se agregan a la url para indicar que queremos acceder a un recurso específico. No existe un posición específica en la que deba estar, aunque es muy común que al momento de crear la definición del endpoint se agregue al final de la ruta, ejemplo: `/user/1234` , a nivel de código encontraremos algo así `/user/:userId`
Otro ejemplo que puedo mostrarles: `/client/:clientId/department/:departmentId/employees`
**Payload o Request Body**
En el contexto de APIs, payload o request body hace referencia a los datos que van a ser enviados en una petición. En esencia el conetenido de un mensaje que será enviado entre un cliente y un servidor. La mayoría de las APIs implementan JSON como formato pero hay que ser consciente que no es el único, también existen XML, Raw text y Plain text. (Desconozco si existen otros formatos. Si conocen algún otro lo pueden dejar en los comentarios y lo agrego y así habilitamos de alguna manera el modo colaborativo).
**Query param**
A diferencia de los parámetros de ruta, los parámetros de consultas son fáciles de identificar: se colocan al final de la url, viene después del signo de interrogación (?) y se utiliza bajo la premisa de llave-valor.
Estos parámetros tienen en defición una funcionalidad específica: filtrar la respuesta, un caso de uso común sería seleccionar los usuarios que solo estén con status pendiente, ejemplo: `/users?status=pending`
Se pueden utilizar cuanto parámetros sean necesarios para ser lo más específico en lo que deseamos obtener como respuesta, y para poder agregar más parámetros tan solo debemos agregar un ampersand(&), ejemplo: `/users?status=pending&sort=desc`
> Dato extra: también existe **matrix param** aunque la utilización es casi nula, siempre suma el saber de su existencia.
**Request**
Bastante sencillo, es la petición en si. Podemos decir que al utilizar un cURL estamos creando una petición.
Para desglozar un poco, podemos decir que una request se compone por: un método, una url, cabeceras y payload
**Response**
Al igual que request, la definición es muy sencilla. Es la respuesta a una petición. Esta respuesta se compone por: cabeceras de respuesta, un código de estatus y un cuerpo de respuesta (si aplica)
---
Como describo en el título las deficiones presentadas son solamente aquellas que vamos a estar utilizando en el día a día, obviamente nos faltan muchas definiciones por lo que les comparto para búsqueda otras que son importantes de conocer:
- API
- Rest
- API Rest
- API Rest full
- URI
- Métodos o Verbos HTTP
- HTTP
- Signature (hmac)
---
Con esto hemos finalizado lo que podríamos llamar la introducción a APIs, en la siguiente publicación hablaremos sobre las buenas prácticas para construcción de una Api Rest que nosotros como probadores debemos conocer, ya que también es parte de nuestra labor poder participar en la definición de los endpoints.
Esta lista ha sido corta pero con saber esto ya tenemos medio camino cruzado.
¿Consideras qué hay alguna otra definición que debamos agregar? Comentala y actualizo!
| alfredtester |
1,901,347 | Norfolk County Emergency Towing | Norfolk County Emergency Towing provides emergency towing for vehicles that have been in an accident.... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:36:16 | https://dev.to/norfolk_countyemergency/norfolk-county-emergency-towing-4jnc | towing, towingservices, roadsideservices | Norfolk County Emergency Towing provides emergency towing for vehicles that have been in an accident. We will safely transport your vehicle to our repair shop and do our best to restore the damages. [Towing Services Simcoe ON](https://www.emergencytowingnorfolk.ca/) also provide regular 24/7 towing services and roadside assistance.
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1,901,322 | How even the simplest RAG can empower your team | Abstract This is the first part of a series of blog posts on using a RAG (Retrieval... | 27,867 | 2024-06-26T13:34:01 | https://bitcrowd.dev/how-even-the-simplest-RAG-can-empower-your-team | llm, rag, ai, ruby | ## Abstract
This is the first part of a series of blog posts on using a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) information system for coding. Find out how this can empower your development team.
In this episode, we will discuss at a very simple [RAG](https://www.datacamp.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation-rag) system for Ruby made with [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/), [JinaAI embeddings](https://jina.ai/news/elevate-your-code-search-with-new-jina-code-embeddings) and a very light local LLM served via [Ollama](https://ollama.com/).
If you donʼt know what any of this means, this blog post is for you. You will see how to benefit from the technology without uploading/donating your codebase to external providers like [OpenAI](https://openai.com/).
It is an introduction, the coding follows in the next episodes.
Naming is hard, and I wanted something that goes against the flashy-ai-y. So letʼs call this a **_Granny RAG._**
The next parts will then move on to the following topics:
- examine different embedding models
- splitting and chunking strategies
- RAG for and with [Elixir](https://elixir-lang.org/)
Letʼs start.
## A Use Case
_Imagine you are developer and you just started a new job. The code base looks well maintained, the team is nice. Could be [bitcrowd](https://bitcrowd.net/de/careers). You grab your first ticket, and it looks like this:_
_Uff. No description. Normally, you would reach out to your onboarding-buddy and ask for advise. This ticket is clearly written with a developers who knows the application in mind._
_But ... you could also quickly investigate. Your team does have a **Granny** after all!_
_You go to your local granny. Granny RAG is in fact just some light off-the-shelf application wrapper around a simple RAG system, but you are used to call her Granny RAG, because she is patient, kind and **knows all the stories**._
**_Letʼs ask her:_**
> **Hy Granny**, I need to show the end date of the subscriptions in the “subscription list”. What is a subscription in the application?
> **Granny**: To display the end dates of subscriptions in the list of subscriptions, you can modify the COLLECTION_ATTRIBUTES constant in your SubscriptionDashboard class to include the active_until field. Hereʼs an updated version of the SubscriptionDashboard class with the modified COLLECTION_ATTRIBUTES:
>
> ```
> class SubscriptionDashboard < ApplicationDashboard
> ATTRIBUTE_TYPES = {
> course: Field::BelongsTo.with_options(order: :name),
> user: Field::BelongsTo.with_options(order: :name),
> user_id: Field::Number,
> id: Field::String,
> active_until: Field::DateTime,
> deactivated_at: Field::DateTime,
> active?: Field::Boolean,
> product_type: EnumField,
> created_at: Field::DateTime,
> updated_at: Field::DateTime
> }.freeze
>
> COLLECTION_ATTRIBUTES = %i[
> course
> user
> id
> active?
> product_type
> active_until
> ].freeze
> ```
## Wow, this is magic!
Without knowing the application too well, you came from a non-workable ticket to a plan of action. You can now chose to update the ticket description, or create a PR and use that for the discussion.
> ### ℹ️ Note
> **This is a real life ticket from a client.**
>
> This ticket came from the work at our client [MedGurus](https://medgurus.de). When I tried out my Granny RAG, I browsed through the tickets in progress and found this one. I compared the solution Granny RAG proposed with the PR that came out of this ticket. I was actually thrilled how well this works.
> My conversation with Granny RAG was actually a a bit longer. [Here](https://bitcrowd.dev/how-even-the-simplest-RAG-can-empower-your-team/#wow-this-is-magic) is the full conversation with Granny RAG.
## How does it all work?
Granny RAG is a RAG system. That is short for Retrieval Augmented Generation. If you are looking for a quick intro, [here is the nice video by Marina Danilevsky](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-D1OfcDW1M&t=10s).
In essence, RAG improves the quality of LLM responses by enriching user prompts with relevant contextual information. It retrieves this information from an efficiently searchable index of of your entire project, generated with the help of an [_embedding model_](https://huggingface.co/blog/getting-started-with-embeddings).
### Embedding models
Itʼs not easy to say something simple about the embedding process without being incorrect. Embedding models are models that generate a representation of the “meaning” sequence of text. This “meaning” is represented as a vector called “embedding”. It is a long array of numbers that represent semantic meaning within the given context.
Tokens with a similar **meaning** in the source document get embedding vectors “close to each other” by some distance measurement.
A suitable model will place expressions with _similar meaning_ in _similar spaces_ of its _vector space_. So `subscription` will be next to `activation` and `active_until`.
You can think of the process as hashing with hashing function that understands the input.
### Retrieval
Instead, when the user asks a question, we throw it into the same embedding function to get an index for it. With that, we do a lookup what sequences of text occupy a similar space in the memory.
There are multiple strategies for this similarity criteria. We will explore similarity in more depth in the second post of this series. For now, letʼs assume we found entries “close” to the index we got for the search term.
Each of those entries carries a piece of text and some metadata. The metadata tells us more about the source, e.g. which file it came from. Until now, we have build a more intelligent search function. It finds `active_until` even if you searched for `end date`. Something, a classic fulltext index would not find.
In an “old fashioned” information system, we would output those magical pieces of text and leave it to the reader to go through them, understand their meaning and evaluate their relevance.
“But wait”, you say, “are there not these new cool kids on the block, **The LLMʼs**™, that are brilliant at exactly that?”. You are right, this is exactly what RAG systems do.
### Context
**_Attention: We will be simplifying heavily._** If you would like to get a l ightweight intro head over to this [huggingface course](https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course/chapter1/1), or this series of videos from [three blue one brown](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi).
It boils down to this: When LLMs generate, they find the next word, or gaps in a text. They take this a step at a time, a bit like friends finishing each otherʼs sentences.
Then, they look at the text created, including the new word, and compile the next word, and the next. Put differently, they try to find the piece of text or the character that is most likely to make sense in the previously generated context.
Here is an example for a prompt that uses RAG:
```
You are an assistant for question-answering tasks. Use the following pieces of
retrieved context to answer the question. If you donʼt know the answer, just
say that you donʼt know.
Use three sentences maximum and keep the answer concise. # (1)
--
Question: “What would I need to change to show the active_until date in the list
of subscriptions?” # (2)
Context: {context} # <- The RAG magic happens here
Answer: # (3)
```
> #### ℹ️ Info
> A system prompt tells the LLM what is expected from it (1), then a question is specifying the task (2) and the “please fill in your answer here”-part (3) is what LLMs are used to work with.
LLMs do so, again, based on vector representations. Starting from a seed, often the system prompt, and the userʼs instructions.
The idea of RAG is that if you include facts that you researched into your prompt, the context for the generation is narrowed down significantly compared to a prompt that does not include those facts. Retrieval Augmented Generation is an effective countermeasure against hallucinations. It does not stop them, but makes them less likely.
> ####💡 Tip
> **Outline the Important Findings in your follow up**
> All LLM based systems hallucinate at some point. RAG helps to avoid that, but as you can see in **5. Follow Up**, even Retrieval Based Systems stray from the truth at times. You can detect that because the information in **5. Follow Up** does not align with the previous answers.
> If this happens, **it helps to outline the previous facts in the next prompt**, as I did in **6. Follow Up**:
> > ...
> > “You said before that the `COLLECTION_ATTRIBUTES` are responsible for the list of `Subscriptions` (...)”
> > ...
> **Mentioning previous findings in the new prompt amplifies them in the context.** This steers the conversation in the direction you like and helps helps the LLM to let go of the hallucinations.
## The Code
You can find the code [on bitcrowdʼs GitHub](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time), which is probably easier to read than going through the inline version here.
We will use [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/), which is a Python library. There are also implementations of it in [JavaScript](https://js.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/) and [Elixir](https://github.com/brainlid/langchain). We use Python to start with, because it is the common language for machine learning, so prototyping is easy. Once we know what we want, we will explore the Elixir way. So please make sure you have Python installed.
We use [JinaAI embeddings](https://jina.ai/news/elevate-your-code-search-with-new-jina-code-embeddings), which is a very capable model that can be used locally under the Apache 2 licence.
Finally, you need [Ollama](https://ollama.com/), or any other tool that letʼs you run a model and expose it to a web endpoint. In the example, we use Meta's [Llama3](https://llama.meta.com/llama3/) model. Models like CodeLlama:7b-instruct also work. Feel free to change the `.env` file and experiment with different models.
## Test Drive
You need some Ruby library that we can try out here. Letʼs go for [Discourse](https://github.com/discourse/discourse).
Weʼre interested in the logic Discourse uses prevent users from re-using an old, expired password and which files in the code are relevant for this. So we ask it:
> How does Discourse keep track of which passwords a user already used? So that when changing their password, a user does not use the same, expired password again.
**Granny RAG** answers:
> According to the context you provided, Discourse keeps track of which passwords a user already used by storing the old password hash and algorithm in the `user_passwords` table. This is done through the following mechanisms:
>
> 1. The `user_passwords` table stores the userʼs previous passwords along with their corresponding salts and algorithms.
> 2. When a user changes their password, Discourse generates a new password hash using the new password, salt, and algorithm.
> 3. Discourse then checks if the new password hash is already present in the `user_passwords` table for that user. If it is, it means the user has used this password before, and therefore, itʼs considered expired.
>
> By storing the old password hashes and algorithms in the database, Discourse can easily verify whether a user has used a particular password before and prevent them from using an expired password again.
>
> This approach ensures that users cannot reuse the same password twice, even if they change their password multiple times.
> …
Without knowing all the details of Discourseʼ codebase, this seems a perfectly valid answer. It gives us a nice summary of the feature an idea on where to go looking for the implementation in Discourse otherwise overwhelmingly big codebase.
## Wrap up
For our InfoServer Granny RAG we created a sophisticated search index for our codebase. This index allows us to infer meaning. We can now search for an answer by infering the meaning of the question and retrieve relavant information by looking what is close in the vector space.
We fed this information to an LLM to understand and prioritize the sources. We made the LLM create answers to our questions, based on its training data and the information retrieved.
So with a few, off-the-shelf, open source components, we manage to get expert knowledge about our code base, and get it delivered to us by our friendly LLM companion, hosted on our own premises.
## How is this different from Copilot, Duo and friends?
If you ask Granny RAG a question, it can draw **information from the whole codebase**. It is able to incorporate **all kinds of documents**, and can be extended to incorporate **additional data-sources**. Granny RAG operates on **resource effective, local LLMs**.
**No data needs to leaves your control.**
**The scripts that ingest and embed your data and code can be specific to your needs** - as is your codebase. That way, you can even specify **what should, and what should not, find its way into your RAG knowledge base**.
**Copilot and GitLab Duo have a much narrower angle of vision.** Their context is primarily the opened files of the editor, or the PR. That means, once you know where to look, they can be helpful. Both to you and their creators, which can (and probably will) use _some_ data to improve their models. Even if, per contract, your data and code should not be shared with GitLab or Microsoft, you lost all control once your data leaves the premises.
If you set theses concerns aside, you still have **little control about what makes its way into the LLMs that are hosted on remote servers**.
Here again, **Granny RAG is different**. You can collect data from usage and reactions, and you can use that data to **train both, LLM and embedding model, on your data and needs.**
That way, new arrivals in your dev team get an assistant that is steadily improving. **Granny RAG can integrate into a [Slack](https://slack.com/) channel to provide a first opinion**, and take feedback from the more seasoned developers to improve.
All in all, Granny RAG is a concept that can (and should) be adopted to your use-case and needs. Itʼs not a subscription you buy, but a technique your team learns to master. You invest in consulting or learning time, and you get control and excellent knowledge about the core or your business logic.
## Try it yourself!
It is really easy! Just [clone our repo](https://github.com/bitcrowd/rag_time), follow the README and tell the script where to find your codebase:
```
CODEBASE_PATH="./path-to-my-codebase"
CODEBASE_LANGUAGE="ruby"
```
We kept the scripts basic, so that they are easy to understand and extend. Depending on your codebase, the results might not always be perfect, but often surprisingly good.
## Outlook
In this introductory post, we saw what a little off-the-shelf system can achieve. Itʼs already impressive, and it only uses local models, namely Llama3 and JinaAI Code.
You will find that this off-the-shelf solution is lacking precision in some use cases. To improve this, we will explore how changes in the parsing, chunking and embedding strategies will change performance in the next episodes of this blog post series.
Or, if you canʼt wait, give the team at bitcrowd a shout via granny-rag@bitcrowd.net or [book a consulting call here](https://calendly.com/calendly-6kjr/30min). | klappradla |
1,901,344 | Predictive Maintenance of vehicles in the Automotive Industry | *Problem Formulation * I delve into a problem that is peculiar to the automotive industry. The... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:33:05 | https://dev.to/ludwig023/predictive-maintenance-of-vehicles-in-the-automotive-industry-46d5 | **Problem Formulation **
I delve into a problem that is peculiar to the automotive industry. The business problem hinges on the leverage of predictive analytics and machine learning techniques to act as a forerunner of vehicle component failures before they happen, this would aid in the reduction of downtime, enhancing safety, and lowering maintenance costs.
Furthermore, the exact business scenario is divided into three facets. The first one is to predict the insurance coverage for the vehicle based on specific characteristics. Second, predict the type of failure and lastly apportion the vehicles to groups based on certain characteristics. The first facet is essential because vehicles can be quite expensive and thus it requires insurance to protect both customers and dealerships. This coverage helps mitigate financial losses from accidents and vehicle part failure. Moreover, the relevance of the second facet would aid in enhancing operational efficiency by minimizing unplanned downtime, by scheduling maintenance activities before a failure occurs and ensuring continuous production. Also, it will reduce costs by addressing problems before they compound. Usually, the cost of compounded damages and unforeseen imminent repairs are immensely reduced.
Finally, the safety of the users of the vehicles is enhanced by ensuring that all components are functioning efficiently and effectively. When this is achieved, it then leads to the satisfaction of the customers by giving them the impression that vehicles purchased from company XYZ are well-maintained and reliable.
**Data Collection and Preparation**
the dataset used for the scenario is artificial. I resorted to Kaggle for a sample dataset. Ideally, data can be generated from the sensors installed in the vehicle. Sensors such as, transmission sensors, brake sensors, engine sensors, environmental sensors etc. Engine sensors can monitor and provide data on temperature, pressure, oil levels etc.
The data attributes of the dataset are Vehicle_Model, Mileage,Maintenance_History,
Reported_Issues,Odometer_Reading,Insurance_Premium,Tire_Condition_Battery_Status and Need_Maintenace. Among these, the data under the first ten data attributes are descriptive data types of which first 8 are nominal and 2 being ordinal. Moreover, 10 are numerical data types, the second four being discreet and the last four being continuous.
However, while loading my dataset in python, I encountered an issue. I was not able to read the csv file, thus I saved it in an excel file extension(xlsx).
**Data Cleaning**
After importing my dataset into google colab, I imported the pandas and NumPy libraries. I loaded my data using the Pandas library. Initially, my file extension was CSV, but I had difficulties while loading, thus I had to change the extension to an Excel file extension(xlsx). To work with such file extension, I converted the sheet to a data frame to allow me to load it with the use of creating an instance from the pandas library called ‘df variable’ which contains the functions ‘pd.DataFrame(data)’
Furthermore, I cleaned the dataset because it is always anticipated that the dataset contains null values, duplicated columns and rows, etc. Hence, I checked for missing values in the dataset using the ‘df.isna()/ df.isnull()’ method and realized I had several missing values as indicated in the image as ‘True’. Then, I went ahead, to sum up all the missing values in the dataset which resulted in ‘312’ on the 26 columns as shown in the image.
However, I replaced the missing values using the forward fill method as shown in the image.
Afterward, I used the ‘df.info()’ method to get a brief statistical overview of the vehicle dataset. Specifically, the count; showing the number of values being ‘301’. [3]The unique, showing a unique element of an array as the result has stated in the image. The top shows the highest counted value of the categorical values as the result stated in the image. Lastly, freq shows the most common value frequency in each of the 26 columns of the dataset as stated in the image.
Moving forward, I used the ‘df.info’ method to display a summary of the vehicle dataset. As I understand from the image, the index indicates 301 entries, data type or dtype indicating object and memory usage as 63,5 + KB. I applied the duplicated method’ df.duplicated ()to find out if there were duplicates in my dataset and fortunately, the output indicated false which means no duplicates.
I went overboard to show the drop_duplicates, a method used to remove duplicate values should incase. Also, showcased the dropna method to remove all ‘Nan’ values in the dataset.
**Exploratory Data Analysis**
I performed an exploration data analysis on the vehicle maintenance dataset in the predictive maintenance system for an automotive manufacturing project. I performed the EDA by using some functions such as df.describe(), and df.info() to get a statistical summary and the summary of the data types of the vehicle maintenance dataset. I performed some data type conversions.
Firstly, I converted the data type of the date columns of the vehicle maintenance dataset, which are the Last Service Date and Warranty Expiry Date to the DateTime format. Also, I converted columns such as Vehicle Model, Maintenance History, Fuel Type, Transmission Type, Owner Type, Tire Condition, Brake condition, and Battery Status category data type. There are many reasons for the data type conversion into a category data type. Some of these are memory efficiency, machine learning preprocessing, data integrity, etc The most relevant for this project is to enhance the interpretability of the visualization that was performed during the project. As the data type is converted to categorical type it will create clear, distinct, and comprehensive plots. Also, it helped in the encoding process. Now a random forest classifier is one of the models to classify whether a vehicle needs maintenance or vice versa. Now, this machine learning algorithm is not able to handle categorical variables directly. As a result of that, I converted the data above to categorical type for the model to interpret the categorical data accurately. I converted the various columns into numerical. Those column attributes are Reported Issues, Vehicle Age, Engine Size, Odometer Reading, Insurance Premium, Service History, Accident History, Fuel Efficiency, and Need Maintenance(IBM Knowledge Center, 2024)(Brownlee, 2024).
I converted the data of these column attributes to ensure accuracy. Also to ensure that it is machine learning algorithm compatible, In this case, regression(IBM Knowledge Center, 2024),
(Brownlee, 2024).
After the conversions, I displayed the new dataset and saved it into a new Excel file named cleaned_vehicle_maintenance_dataset.xlsx.
Below are the images of the code snippets and their results.
**Data Visualization**
The vehicle maintenance data analysis has some fascinating insights that can be drawn from its dataset.
Firstly, I visualized all the numerical columns of the vehicle maintenance dataset by plotting each on the histogram. The values under the data attribute mileage show that there is a relatively uniform distribution which indicates that the vehicles in the dataset have a wide range of values in the mileage column. For the reported issues data attributes, the histogram visualization displays that discrete values between 0 and 5 are equally frequent. It implies that the values of reported issues vary. Vehicle age shows that the distribution is nearly uniform across different ages, which implies a varied range amongst the vehicle ages in the dataset. The histogram of the Engine size attribute shows that certain discrete values are concentrated, which gives the impression that most vehicles fall into a few specific engine size categories. The distribution of the Odometer reading is relatively uniform, showing a wide range of odometer readings. The Insurance premium histogram indicates a relatively uniform distribution implying a diverse range of insurance premiums. The data in the service history shows a discrete value from 0 to 10, with nearly equal frequency. However, accident history shows discrete values, suggesting that the accident history is distributed across a few specific efficiency categories. In fuel efficiency, there is a concentration around certain values, indicating that most vehicles fall into a few specific efficiency categories. Lastly, the histogram of need maintenance shows a binary distribution with a large number of vehicles not needing maintenance (0) compared to those that do (1). To summarize my observation, features like Mileage, Odometer reading, and Insurance premium have a relatively uniform distribution that indicates a diverse dataset with no preeminent range of values. Features such as Engine size and fuel Efficiency show that certain values are concentrated. Also, features such as Reported Issues, Service history, Accident history and Need maintenance show discrete values which are useful for classification models(Random Forest Classifier).
Moreover, I observed that features such as Mileage, Odometer reading, and Insurance premium are suitable for regression models as they help predict values such as Insurance premium since they are continuous and uniformly distributed. Additionally, features such as Reported issues, Service history, and Need maintenance are fit for the classification model(random forest classifier) to predict maintenance needs because they are discrete and continuous.
Secondly, I visualized the categorical columns of the vehicle maintenance dataset to discover some interesting insights that would assist me during the modeling phase. I plotted the categorical columns on a bar chart. Initially, I discovered that the dataset of the distribution of vehicle model attributes includes different types of vehicles and each vehicle type has a similar count indicating a balanced dataset concerning the vehicle types. Under the maintenance history distribution, the vehicles are categorized based on their maintenance history being a good, or poor average. It indicates that the counts are fairly evenly distributed among these categories, with each maintenance history type having a similar number of vehicles. For the distribution of fuel type, the dataset includes vehicles with different fuel types electric, diesel, and petrol. Each fuel type is identical, indicating an even distribution. The distribution of transmission type shows that the vehicles are categorized based on their transmission type. It is very close, with a slight difference favoring one type over the other. For the distribution of owner type, the counts are evenly distributed among the different owner types. The distribution of tire condition and the counts for each condition are almost identical, indicating an even distribution across the dataset. The distribution of brake condition is quite similar to that of tire condition, the counts for each brake condition category are nearly equal. For battery status, the distribution of battery statuses is evenly spread out among the different categories. Lastly, the distribution of need maintenance indicates whether a vehicle needs maintenance or otherwise(in binary 1 and 0). Under the need for maintenance, it suggests that several vehicles are flagged as needing maintenance, with a smaller count indicating no maintenance.
Thirdly, I plotted a correlation matrix as a heatmap for the numeric columns of the vehicle maintenance dataset only to derive some insights. I discovered that the reported issues and need maintenance columns indicate a moderate positive correlation between the number of reported
issues and the need for maintenance. Service history and need maintenance indicate a weak positive correlation between service history and the need for maintenance. Accident history and maintenance show a very weak positive correlation between accident history and the need for maintenance. Mileage and the other variables, mileage shows a very weak correlation with other variables. Vehicle age and other variables, the vehicle age has a very weak correlation with other variables, implying that age alone is not a strong predictor of other factors in the vehicle maintenance dataset. The Odometer reading and mileage indicate a very weak positive correlation between odometer reading and mileage, showing a slight relationship, as odometer readings generally reflect the total distance traveled. The insurance premium and other variables show a very weak correlation with other variables indicating that the insurance cost is not strongly related to the other factors in the dataset. Engine size and the other variables, the engine size has a very weak correlation with all other variables indicating a minimal linear relationship with this dataset. Lastly, for the fuel efficiency and other variables, fuel efficiency shows a very weak correlation with other variables, suggesting that it doesn’t have a strong linear relationship with them.
Below are the code snippets for the exploratory data analysis and their visualizations.
**Model Selection and Implementation**
LINEAR REGRESSION
In this project, I implemented the linear regression to predict the insurance premium which is a data attribute that will help to prioritize vehicles that need more attention because they are at a higher risk. In other words, it will help to optimize the allocation of maintenance resources. The dependent variable is the insurance premium while the independent variables are all the numerical columns except the Insurance premium. In other words, the features are mileage, reported issues, vehicle age, engine size, odometer reading, service history, accident history, fuel efficiency, and maintenance. The target variable is insurance premiums. The evaluation metrics are the mean squared error and r-squared. With that being said, the current linear regression model for predicting the insurance premium performs poorly, indicated by a high mean squared error(MSE) of 52,685,368.84 and a very low R-squared value of 0.000010238. This implies that the chosen features do not adequately explain the variation in insurance premiums, thus making the model unreliable for prioritizing vehicles for its coverage. For this reason, a hyperparameter tuning or feature selection will be implemented to enhance the performance and efficiency of the model.
FEATURE SELECTION
Feature selection is the process of selecting the most relevant features for the model. [10] After performing the feature selection(Recursive Feature Selection) in the linear regression model, the output is as follows. The array [5 8 6 1 2 3 9 7 4] represents the ranking of each feature. The lower ranking values mean they are more important features. Feature 4 is ranked 1, feature 5 is ranked 2, feature 6 is ranked 3, feature 9 is ranked 4, feature 1 is ranked 5, feature 3 is ranked 6, feature 8 is ranked 7, and feature 2 is ranked 8. The recursive feature selection suggests that using only one feature is ideal for the model. This implies that the model performs best with only the top-ranked feature. According to the recursive feature selection, ‘Engine Size’ was selected as the most important.
Next, I trained and evaluated the linear regression model using ‘Engine size’. The results are as follows; mean square error is 52693064.087938584, root mean square error is 7258.99883509693, r-squared is -0.00013591570286775045, cross-validation rmse is 7223.230567727876 and the coefficient is the feature ‘engine size being -0.132491
To interpret the results, the mean square error value is large, suggesting that the prediction deviates significantly from the actual values. Hence, the model doesn’t perform well even after feature selection. The root mean squared error of 7258.998 indicates substantial errors in the predictions. The r-squared value implies that the model performs worse than the mean of the target variable, indicating a poor fit. Cross-validation rmse indicates consistent performance across different subsets of the data. However, the high rmse value again suggests poor model performance. For the feature coefficient, the predicted value of the target variable decreases by approximately 0.132491 units. However, the overall performance of the model is very poor.
To conclude, even after feature selection, the model did not perform as expected.
Below are the code snippets for the linear regression and the feature selection
**RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER (CLASSIFICATION)**
Also in this project, I implemented the random forest classifier to classify whether a vehicle component needs maintenance using a random forest classifier based on various features in the vehicle maintenance dataset. I used relevant features such as vehicle age, maintenance history, reported issues, etc. The target variable is need_maintenance. In other words, the independent variables are all the categorical columns except need_maintenance while the dependent variable is the need maintenance. To evaluate the model, there are some metrics to consider, metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. To evaluate the model, I will state that the accuracy being 1.0 indicates that the model correctly classifies all instances in the test set. The precision gives a true positive prediction to the actual positives. Recall of 1.0 for both classes means that the model successfully identified all instances that truly need maintenance. F1-score of 1.0 indicates perfect precision and recall, implying that precision and recall have a harmonic mean. Moreover, the number of actual occurrences of each class in the test set shows the test set had 1915 instances of class 0 and 8085 instances of class 1. ( 0 here means not needing maintenance and 1 here means needing maintenance). To make sense out of the metrics, I can say with high recall and precision, the model correctly identifies all vehicles needing maintenance and doesn’t misclassify any vehicle that doesn't need it. This ensures that resources are not wasted on unnecessary maintenance and that all vehicles requiring attention are promptly addressed.
In summary, the random forest classifier model is highly effective for classifying whether a vehicle needs maintenance. The scores also indicate the model will be a reliable tool for this vehicle maintenance system because it supports the objective of the project by anticipating vehicle component failures and optimizing maintenance operations. Since the model functions perfectly, there would be no need for hyperparameter tuning or feature selection.
Below are the code snippets for the random forest classifier(classification)
**K MEANS CLUSTERING ( CLUSTERING)**
Lastly, I implemented the k means clustering in this project to segment vehicle maintenance data into clusters based on various numerical features. For the features, I used numerical features such as vehicle age, engine size, etc. To determine the optimal number of clusters for this particular k-means clustering, I utilized the elbow method. The elbow method is used to determine the number of clusters in a data set. The method involves running K-Means clustering on the data set for a range of values for k (number of clusters). For each value of k, the sum of squared errors (SSE) is calculated. The SSE measures the compactness of the clusters, where a lower value indicates that the clusters are dense and well-defined (Towards Data Science).
With regards to this project, the sum of squares errors(SSE) plot displays different values of k(number of clusters). From the curve below, the optimal number of clusters is around 3. This is because that is where the SSE curve begins to flatten out, indicating that when more clusters are added beyond this point yields diminishing returns in terms of reducing SSE. After the optimal number of clusters(3) was determined, K-Means was applied to the scaled dataset to assign cluster labels to each data point. These clusters can help segment the vehicles into different groups based on the vehicle maintenance needs and characteristics. Furthermore, I utilized the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to visualize the clusters formed by the K-Means to gain insights into the underlying pattern in the vehicle maintenance data. This helped to reduce the data to two dimensions, to visualize complex high-dimensional data. In other words, the PCA plot shows the data points reduced to two principal components(PCA1 and PCA2). Also, I used the colors to distinguish the clusters or groups of vehicles. Cluster 0 is represented by blue, cluster 2 is represented by orange, and cluster 2 is represented by green. The data points in cluster 0 share similar characteristics, suggesting they might have similar vehicle maintenance needs. This clustering can help to identify patterns that indicate higher maintenance and can help prioritize maintenance efforts. This means that vehicles in that particular cluster can be predicted as being at a higher risk of being scheduled for maintenance as soon as possible.
Below are the code snippets for the normalization, the k means clustering as well as the visualizations
**Model Evaluation**
**LINEAR REGRESSION**
The Mean Squared Error(MSE) for predicting insurance premiums was 52,685,368.84, indicating a significant error in prediction. The R-squared of 0.000010238 is very low suggesting that the chosen features poorly elaborate the variation in insurance premiums.
The linear regression model for predicting insurance premiums performed poorly with a high mean squared error and an insignificant R-squared value. This implies that the selected numerical features do not sufficiently capture the variability in insurance premiums. To conclude, the model is unreliable for selecting the coverage for vehicles.
**RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER (CLASSIFICATION)**
The accuracy in the result of the model attained a value of 1.0, highlighting perfect precision and recall for the vehicles needing maintenance and those that don’t require maintenance.
The random forest classifier effectively classified whether vehicle components needed maintenance, indicating a perfect performance with precision at 1.0, recall at 1.0, and accuracy at 1.0. This means that the model correctly identifies all vehicles requiring maintenance without misclassifying any non-maintenance vehicles. This accuracy ensures efficient allocation of maintenance resources, ensuring timely servicing of vehicles at risk.
**K MEANS CLUSTERING ( CLUSTERING)**
Firstly, the elbow method based on the SSE determined three clusters as displayed in the visualization. Afterward, the PCA visualized the clusters in 2D, displaying distinct groupings based on vehicle maintenance characteristics.
K-means clustering segmented vehicle maintenance data into 3 distinct clusters, each representing a vehicle with similar maintenance needs. This segmentation helps identify patterns indicating higher maintenance requirements, facilitating proactive maintenance scheduling. The PCA visualization aids in understanding the clustering structure, revealing potential insights into the vehicle groups that may require immediate attention.
Below are the results of each models
**COMPARISON OF MODELS AND IMPLICATIONS
Linear Regression and Forest Classifier
**
The linear regression grappled with predictive accuracy and explanatory power, while the random forest classifier did well with perfect classification metrics. This indicates the superiority of ensemble methods like Random Forest for classification tasks over traditional regression when dealing with categorical outcomes
**Random Forest Classifier and K-means Clustering**
The random forest classifier directly addresses classification needs for maintenance urgency, while the K-means clustering provides insight into broader patterns and grouping within the data, supporting strategic maintenance planning.
**BUSINESS IMPLICATION**
For the first facet and Its corresponding model, if the model should have worked as expected(a successful linear regression model for predicting insurance premiums). It would enable precise cost estimation for insurance coverage based on vehicle risk factors. It would aid in opting for the ideal insurance plans that balance coverage and cost, reducing financial risks associated with vehicle accidents or failures.
Furthermore, the second facet and its corresponding model (random forest classifier accurately predicting maintenance needs) ensures proactive maintenance scheduling. This reduces downtime, optimizes vehicle availability, and supports continuous production operations.
Lastly, the third facet and its corresponding model(k-means clustering segments vehicles based on operational and performance characteristics). This helps in the allocation of maintenance resources efficiently by grouping vehicles with similar needs together. It ensures resources are focused where they are most needed, optimizing maintenance efforts and reducing overall maintenance costs.
**Conclusion and Recommendation**
To conclude, the implementation of predictive analytics through three machine learning models, namely; linear regression, random forest classifier, and k-means clustering. These models provided valuable insights into the vehicle maintenance system.
The linear regression model did not effectively predict the insurance premium, which is essential for the selection of suitable insurance coverage. Even after the feature selection, the results showed that the model is not effective in predicting the insurance premium.
The Random forest classifier model effectively predicted whether vehicle components needed maintenance, as the result indicates a perfect performance with precision at 1.0, recall at 1.0, and accuracy at 1.0.
The K-Means clustering model worked effectively as displayed in the visualization. The clustering model showed to work as it distinctly grouped vehicle maintenance based on certain characteristics.
**Recommendation
**
As a recommendation, I would enhance the feature engineering by refining the feature selection for the linear regression model to improve its predictive accuracy for the insurance premium. I would fine-tune my dataset to make sure it entails relevant variables for the problem to be addressed.
Also, I would incorporate continuous model evaluation and improvement. In effect, I would encourage periodic retraining of machine learning models with updated data to ensure that they remain robust and accurate over time.
Lastly, I would ensure data integrity, consistency, and accessibility across all systems. This would maintain high-quality data inputs for accurate predictive modeling.
**Project Reflection**
Overall reflection on my project would revolve around the problem I encountered from finding a dataset to loading the dataset and curating a model to solve the problem.
First and foremost, locating the perfect dataset that comprehensively covered the project’s problem, and vehicle maintenance system was challenging. The available dataset often lacked depth, necessitating extensive searches.
Next, I encountered technical difficulties while loading the CSV file into the google colab environment. I had to change the file extension to xl
sx, an Excel file.
I identified and engineered features from the dataset. I changed the data types of some of the columns to both numerical and categorical. It required a deep understanding of the domain and iterative experimentation to capture the most predictive variables.
In curating a model, I encountered a hurdle when optimizing the performance of the linear regression model. Even after performing feature selection, the model failed to perform as expected.
**BIBLIOGRAPHY**
1. Coursera. (n.d.). Data Analytics Certificate Course. Retrieved from https://www.coursera.org/courses/data-analytics
2. IBM Predictive Analytics. https://www.ibm.com/topics/predictive-analytics (Accessed on 15 June 2024)
3. JavaTpoint Data Analytics Tutorial. https://www.javatpoint.com/data-analytics-tutorial (Accessed on 15 June 2024)
4. Simplilearn Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/data-analytics-tutorial/exploratory-data-analysis (Accessed on 15 June 2024)
5. IBM Knowledge Center. Introduction to Data Types and Field Properties. https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2/11.5?topic=elements-introduction-data-types-field-pro perties ( Accessed on 17 June 2024).
6. Brownlee, J. Data Preparation for Machine Learning. https://machinelearningmastery.com/data-preparation-for-machine-learning/ (Accessed on 17 June 2024)
7. Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A. and Vining, G. G. (2012) Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. 5th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
8. Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5-32.
9. Lloyd, S. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129-137.
10. Towards Data Science Introduction to K-means Clustering and the Elbow Method. https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-k-means-clustering-and-the-elbow-metho d-72a6231c6a92 (Accessed on 24 June 2024) | ludwig023 | |
1,901,345 | My Journey to Learn Data Science and Machine Learning | For Developers Looking to Add Machine Learning to Their Toolkit Hello, fellow developers!... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:32:12 | https://dev.to/mesfin_t/my-journey-to-learn-data-science-and-machine-learning-3a29 | data, science, machine, learning |
### For Developers Looking to Add Machine Learning to Their Toolkit
Hello, fellow developers! 🌟
Are you already proficient in full-stack development, particularly with the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js)? Have you ever wondered how integrating Data Science and Machine Learning could elevate your projects and career to new heights? If so, this blog post is for you. This blog is the first in a series documenting my journey to combine the two technologies. We'll explore the key concepts and tools in Data Science, discuss their significance, and provide you with a clear learning path to get started. Whether you're considering how to integrate Data Science into your projects or simply want to enhance your professional toolkit, read on to discover how accessible and valuable these skills can be.
## Why and When Full-Stack Developers Should Learn Data Science and Machine Learning
Data Science and Machine Learning (ML) are not just buzzwords; they are powerful tools that can enhance the functionality and intelligence of your applications. Here are some compelling reasons why and scenarios when you, as a full-stack developer, should consider adding these skills to your toolkit:
**1. Enhanced User Experience:** Implementing ML algorithms can provide personalized user experiences, such as recommendation systems, dynamic content, and predictive search results.
- Example: A recommendation engine for an e-commerce website that suggests products based on user behavior.
**2. Data-Driven Decision Making:** Data Science enables you to analyze large datasets, extract meaningful insights, and make data-driven decisions to improve application performance and user satisfaction.
- Example: Analyzing user engagement data to determine the best time to send push notifications.
**3. Solving Complex Problems:** ML can solve complex problems that traditional programming might struggle with, such as natural language processing, image recognition, and predictive analytics.
- Example: Using sentiment analysis to gauge customer feedback from reviews and social media.
**4. Predictive Analytics:** Forecasting trends or user behaviors by analyzing past data needs ML models to make accurate predictions.
- Example: Predicting future sales based on historical data and market trends.
**5. Natural Language Processing (NLP):** Understanding and processing human language, such as chatbots or sentiment analysis, is best handled with ML techniques.
- Example: Creating a customer support chatbot that can understand and respond to user queries.
**6. Image and Video Analysis:** Recognizing and categorizing images or videos, such as in security applications, requires ML algorithms.
- Example: Implementing facial recognition for secure user authentication.
**7.Anomaly Detection:** Identifying unusual patterns or behaviors, often used in fraud detection or cybersecurity, relies on ML models to detect anomalies.
- Example: Detecting fraudulent transactions in a financial application.
## My Journey to Learn Data Science
As a developer, I started with traditional programming and full-stack development using the MERN stack. While it enabled me to build dynamic and interactive web applications, I realized there were limitations that traditional programming couldn't overcome. This led me to explore Data Science and Machine Learning.
### Key Concepts in Data Science
**1. Data Collection and Cleaning:**
- **Data Collection:** The process of gathering data from various sources, including databases, APIs, web scraping, and more.
- **Data Cleaning:** Ensuring data quality by handling missing values, removing duplicates, and correcting inconsistencies.
**2. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):**
- **EDA:** Analyzing datasets to summarize their main characteristics, often using visual methods. EDA helps in understanding the data's structure, detecting outliers, and identifying patterns.
**3. Statistical Analysis:**
- **Descriptive Statistics:** Measures that summarize data (e.g., mean, median, mode, standard deviation).
- **Inferential Statistics:** Techniques that allow us to infer trends about a population based on a sample of data.
**4. Data Visualization:**
- **Visualization Tools:** Libraries and tools like Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Tableau help in creating visual representations of data to communicate insights effectively.
**5. Machine Learning:**
- **Supervised Learning:** Algorithms that learn from labeled data to make predictions (e.g., linear regression, decision trees).
- **Unsupervised Learning:** Algorithms that identify patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., clustering, dimensionality reduction).
- **Reinforcement Learning:** Algorithms that learn by interacting with an environment to maximize cumulative reward.
**6. Model Evaluation and Validation:**
- **Evaluation Metrics:** Metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score to assess model performance.
- **Validation Techniques:** Techniques like cross-validation to ensure model generalizability.
## Essential Tools for Data Science
**1. Programming Languages:**
- **Python:** The most popular language for Data Science, known for its simplicity and extensive libraries.
- **R:** Another powerful language, particularly used for statistical analysis.
**2. Libraries and Frameworks:**
- **Pandas:** For data manipulation and analysis.
- **NumPy:** For numerical computations.
- **Scikit-Learn:** For machine learning algorithms.
- **TensorFlow and Keras:** For deep learning.
**3. Data Visualization Tools:**
- **Matplotlib and Seaborn:** Python libraries for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations.
- **PyCharm:** A popular Python IDE with extensive features for professional developers.
## How to Get Started
**1. Learn Python:**
- **Python is the lingua franca of Data Science.** Familiarize yourself with its basics and then move on to data-specific libraries.
**2. Take Online Courses:**
- Platforms like Coursera, edX, and DataCamp offer comprehensive courses on Data Science and Machine Learning.
**3. Practice with Projects:**
- Apply your knowledge by working on real-world projects. Kaggle is a great platform for finding datasets and participating in competitions.
**4. Join a Community:**
- Engage with the Data Science community through forums, meetups, and social media to stay updated and seek guidance.
**Conclusion**
Exploring Data Science and Machine Learning can open new horizons for full-stack and frontend developers. While the learning curve may seem steep, starting with the key concepts and essential tools can make the journey manageable and rewarding. Stay curious, practice regularly, and soon you'll be integrating powerful data-driven insights into your applications.
Stay tuned for more insights and practical tips on this exciting journey. Let’s embark on this learning adventure together! 🌟
| mesfin_t |
1,901,342 | How to get an interview call after applying online? 2024 | In today's competitive job market, getting a phone call for an interview after submitting an online... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:30:19 | https://dev.to/hey_rishabh/how-to-get-an-interview-call-after-applying-online-2024-2dgm | webdev, javascript, beginners, tutorial | In today's competitive job market, getting a phone call for an interview after submitting an online application can be difficult. To boost your chances of sticking out in the sea of applications that companies receive, you must use powerful methods.
**Here are some tips to increase your chances of getting an interview call after applying online, along with some unique strategies:**
## Tailor your resume and cover letter
Consider including specific language from the job description in your application materials in addition to highlighting your pertinent abilities and experiences. By making your CV more appealing, you may make it stick out to [applicant tracking systems (ATS)](https://instaresume.io/blog/ats-friendly-resume), which are utilized by many businesses to screen resumes. By adjusting your documents to the particular role, you show a strong alignment with the needs of the position and raise your likelihood of being recognized.
## Optimize your online presence
Consider developing a personal website or portfolio to display your accomplishments and efforts in addition to LinkedIn. This might add to the evidence of your knowledge and abilities, especially in technical or creative professions. You can position yourself as a thought leader in your sector by sharing pertinent industry insights or making contributions to blogs or forums for professionals. This will improve your internet profile.
## Network strategically
Expand your contacts through professional associations and online communities relevant to your sector in addition to making use of your current network. Establish yourself as a proactive and competent professional by participating in discussions, raising pertinent issues, and providing insightful commentary. Making connections with thought leaders or influential people in your field will help you stand out from the crowd and may even open up job or referral prospects for you.
## Personalize your follow-up
Spend some time researching the business before writing a follow-up email to identify a particular area of interest regarding recent initiatives, projects, or accomplishments. To show that you are interested in and knowledgeable about the company, mention this in your email. Personalized follow-ups demonstrate your initiative, attention to detail, and sincere interest in the offer.
Remember, the key is to stand out from the competition by [**showcasing your unique skills**](https://instaresume.io/blog/how-many-skills-to-list-on-resume), experiences, and personal brand. By utilizing these strategies and customizing them to your industry and circumstances, you can increase your chances of getting an interview call after applying online. Stay proactive, persistent, and adaptable in your job search approach, and be prepared to impress potential employers during interviews with your knowledge, enthusiasm, and passion for the role.
For more information on this subject you can read this blog of [how to get an interview call](https://instaresume.io/blog/how-to-get-an-interview-call-after-applying-online-2023) and
[How to Quantify a resume](https://instaresume.io/blog/how-to-quantify-a-resume) | hey_rishabh |
1,901,341 | Pattern Matching | Uzbek | C# | Bugun biza C# dasturlash tilidagi legenda xususiyatlardan biri bo'lmish Pattern Matchinglarni ko'rib... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:29:03 | https://dev.to/ozodbek_soft/pattern-matching-uzbek-c-4hi7 | dotnet, csharp, uzbek, patternmatching | **Bugun biza C# dasturlash tilidagi legenda xususiyatlardan biri bo'lmish Pattern Matchinglarni ko'rib o'tamiz!**
Bu postni ham ma'lum bir sabablarga ko'ra savol javob orqali yoritib boraman.
**1 savol** - Pattern Matching nima ?
> _C# dasturlash tilida `Pattern Matching` - bu kod ichida turli ma'lumot turlarini aniqlash va ular ustida ishlash ustida turli xil amallar bajarish uchun ishlatiladi. C# dasturlash tilida bu xususiyat odatda swtich case, if else operatorlari yordamida ishlatiladi._
**2 savol:** Pattern Matching C# da qachon paydo bo'lgan ?
> _`Pattern Matching` C# dasturlash tilida ilk bor C# 7.0 versionda paydo bo'lgan. Undan keyin esa **C# (8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 ∞)** larda ancha kengaytilishni boshlagan, hozirgacha C# kuchayishdan to'xtamayapdi 🔥_
**3 savol:** Pattern Matching yordamida turli ma'lumot turlarini qanday qilib tekshiramiz ?
> _Pattern Matching orqali ma'lumot turlarini tekshirib olish uchun `is` kalit so'zidan foydalaniladi._
Misol uchun:
```
object obj = "Ozodbek";
if (obj is string)
Console.WriteLine(true);
else
Console.WriteLine(false);
```
> _ushbu kodda `is` yordamida biz "Ozodbek"ni string ekanligini aniqlashimiz mumkin. Hozir bu yerda natija `true` qaytadi. Sababini tushuntirib o'tirmayman._
**4 savol:** Switch case da Patterns qanday ishlaydi ?
> _Switch case orqali C# 7.0 dan beri ishlab kelmoqda, biz esa hozirgi kundagi holatini ko'rib o'tamiz 👇_
```
object obj = 17;
switch (obj)
{
case int i: Console.WriteLine("Butun son. Ya'ni integer"); break;
case double d: Console.WriteLine("O'nlik. Ya'ni double"); break;
case string s: Console.WriteLine("String matn. Ya'ni harf, son aralash belgilar"); break;
default: Console.WriteLine("Boshqa tip"); break;
}
```
Bu yerda qaysi tipga mas'ul ekanini korishimiz mumkin bo'ladi.
**5 savol: ** Tuple Pattern nima va u qanday ishlaydi ?
> _Tuple Pattern yordamida bir nechta qiymatlarni tekshirishimiz mumkin. Ming marta nazariya o'qigandan bir mart ko'rib review qilgan yaxshi deganlaridek👇 _
```
Console.WriteLine("Sonlarni birma bir kiriting! Har bir sonni kiritgandan keyin enter tugmasini bosishni unutmang! Ogohlik Tashkent talabi!");
(int, int) raqam = (int.Parse(Console.ReadLine() ?? ":)"), int.Parse(Console.ReadLine() ?? ":)"));
switch (raqam)
{
case (0, 0): Console.WriteLine("Xato son kiritdingiz!"); break;
case (23, 17): Console.WriteLine("Xato son kiritdingiz, Lekin sal yaqinlashtingiz!"); break;
case (17, 23): Console.WriteLine("Tog'ri son kiritdingiz!"); break;
default: Console.WriteLine("Boshqa son kiritdingiz!"); break;
}
```
**6 savol:** Property Pattern nima ?
_Property pattern yordamida obyektning xususiyatlarini tekshirishimiz mumkin!_
```
public class Circle
{
public int Radius { get; set; }
}
var shakl = new Circle { Radius = 5 };
if (shakl is Circle { Radius: 5 })
{
Console.WriteLine("Bu doirani radiusi 5 ga teng!");
}
```
_Bu yerda property pattern yordamida shaklning Radiusi aniqlanadi_
Davomi bor
https://chatgpt.com/share/12ee29aa-2b10-41e9-b577-540e6b35620a
| ozodbek_soft |
1,901,340 | Pattern Matching | Uzbek | C# | Bugun biza C# dasturlash tilidagi legenda xususiyatlardan biri bo'lmish Pattern Matchinglarni ko'rib... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:29:03 | https://dev.to/ozodbek_soft/pattern-matching-uzbek-c-2eoo | dotnet, csharp, uzbek, patternmatching | **Bugun biza C# dasturlash tilidagi legenda xususiyatlardan biri bo'lmish Pattern Matchinglarni ko'rib o'tamiz!**
Bu postni ham ma'lum bir sabablarga ko'ra savol javob orqali yoritib boraman.
**1 savol** - Pattern Matching nima ?
> _C# dasturlash tilida `Pattern Matching` - bu kod ichida turli ma'lumot turlarini aniqlash va ular ustida ishlash ustida turli xil amallar bajarish uchun ishlatiladi. C# dasturlash tilida bu xususiyat odatda swtich case, if else operatorlari yordamida ishlatiladi. _
**2 savol:** Pattern Matching C# da qachon paydo bo'lgan ?
> _`Pattern Matching` C# dasturlash tilida ilk bor C# 7.0 versionda paydo bo'lgan. Undan keyin esa **C# (8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 ∞)** larda ancha kengaytilishni boshlagan, hozirgacha C# kuchayishdan to'xtamayapdi 🔥_
**3 savol:** Pattern Matching yordamida turli ma'lumot turlarini qanday qilib tekshiramiz ?
> _Pattern Matching orqali ma'lumot turlarini tekshirib olish uchun `is` kalit so'zidan foydalaniladi. _
Misol uchun:
```
object obj = "Ozodbek";
if (obj is string)
Console.WriteLine(true);
else
Console.WriteLine(false);
```
> _ushbu kodda `is` yordamida biz "Ozodbek"ni string ekanligini aniqlashimiz mumkin. Hozir bu yerda natija `true` qaytadi. Sababini tushuntirib o'tirmayman. _
**4 savol:** Switch case da Patterns qanday ishlaydi ?
> _Switch case orqali C# 7.0 dan beri ishlab kelmoqda, biz esa hozirgi kundagi holatini ko'rib o'tamiz 👇_
```
object obj = 17;
switch (obj)
{
case int i: Console.WriteLine("Butun son. Ya'ni integer"); break;
case double d: Console.WriteLine("O'nlik. Ya'ni double"); break;
case string s: Console.WriteLine("String matn. Ya'ni harf, son aralash belgilar"); break;
default: Console.WriteLine("Boshqa tip"); break;
}
```
Bu yerda qaysi tipga mas'ul ekanini korishimiz mumkin bo'ladi.
**5 savol: ** Tuple Pattern nima va u qanday ishlaydi ?
> _Tuple Pattern yordamida bir nechta qiymatlarni tekshirishimiz mumkin. Ming marta nazariya o'qigandan bir mart ko'rib review qilgan yaxshi deganlaridek👇 _
```
Console.WriteLine("Sonlarni birma bir kiriting! Har bir sonni kiritgandan keyin enter tugmasini bosishni unutmang! Ogohlik Tashkent talabi!");
(int, int) raqam = (int.Parse(Console.ReadLine() ?? ":)"), int.Parse(Console.ReadLine() ?? ":)"));
switch (raqam)
{
case (0, 0): Console.WriteLine("Xato son kiritdingiz!"); break;
case (23, 17): Console.WriteLine("Xato son kiritdingiz, Lekin sal yaqinlashtingiz!"); break;
case (17, 23): Console.WriteLine("Tog'ri son kiritdingiz!"); break;
default: Console.WriteLine("Boshqa son kiritdingiz!"); break;
}
```
**6 savol:** Property Pattern nima ?
Property pattern yordamida obyektning xususiyatlarini tekshirishimiz mumkin!
```
public class Circle
{
public int Radius { get; set; }
}
var shakl = new Circle { Radius = 5 };
if (shakl is Circle { Radius: 5 })
{
Console.WriteLine("Bu doirani radiusi 5 ga teng!");
}
```
Bu yerda property pattern yordamida shaklning Radiusi aniqlanadi
Davomi bor
https://chatgpt.com/share/12ee29aa-2b10-41e9-b577-540e6b35620a
| ozodbek_soft |
1,901,339 | 5 Simple Steps to Get Your Test Suite Running in Heroku CI | So, I’ve always thought about Heroku as just a place to run my code. They have a CLI. I can connect... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:27:49 | https://dzone.com/articles/5-simple-steps-to-get-your-test-suite-running | cicd, pipeline, heroku, testing | So, I’ve always thought about Heroku as just a place to run my code. They have a CLI. I can connect it to my GitHub repo, push my code to a Heroku remote, and bam… it’s deployed. No fuss. No mess.
But I had always run my test suite… somewhere else: locally, or with CircleCI, or in GitHub Actions. How did I not know that Heroku has CI capabilities? You mean I can run my tests there? Where have I been for the last few years?
So that’s why I didn’t know about Heroku CI…
CI is pretty awesome. You can build, test, and integrate new code changes. You get fast feedback on those code changes so that you can identify and fix issues early. Ultimately, you deliver higher-quality software.
By doing it in Heroku, I get my test suite running in an environment much closer to my staging and production deployments. And if I piece together a [pipeline](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/pipelines), I can automate the progression from passing tests to a staging deployment and then promote that staged build to production.
So, how do we get our application test suite up and running in Heroku CI? It will take you 5 steps:
1. Write your tests
2. Deploy your Heroku app
3. Push your code to Heroku
4. Create a Heroku Pipeline to use Heroku CI
5. Run your tests with Heroku CI
We’ll walk through these steps by testing a simple Python application. If you want to follow along, you [can clone my GitHub repo](https://github.com/capnMB/heroku-ci-demo).
## Our python app: is it prime?
We’ve built an API in Python that listens for GET requests on a single endpoint: /prime/{number}. It expects a number as a path parameter and then returns true or false based on whether that number is a prime number. Pretty simple.
We have a modularized function in is_prime.py:
```
def is_prime(num):
if num <= 1:
return False
if num <= 3:
return True
if num % 2 == 0 or num % 3 == 0:
return False
i = 5
while i * i <= num:
if num % i == 0 or num % (i + 2) == 0:
return False
i += 6
return True
```
Then, our main.py file looks like this:
```
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from is_prime import is_prime
app = FastAPI()
# Route to check if a number is a prime number
@app.get("/prime/{number}")
def check_if_prime(number: int):
return is_prime(number)
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Input invalid")
if __name__ == "__main__":
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run(app, host="localhost", port=8000)
```
That’s all there is to it. We can start our API locally (python main.py) and send some requests to try it out:
```
~$ curl http://localhost:8000/prime/91
false
~$ curl http://localhost:8000/prime/97
true
```
That looks pretty good. But we’d feel better with a unit test for the is_prime function. Let’s get to it.
## Step #1: Write your tests
With pytest added to our Python dependencies, we’ll write a file called test_is_prime.py and put it in a subfolder called tests. We have a set of numbers that we’ll test to make sure our function determines correctly if they are prime or not. Here’s our test file:
```
from is_prime import is_prime
def test_1_is_not_prime():
assert not is_prime(1)
def test_2_is_prime():
assert is_prime(2)
def test_3_is_prime():
assert is_prime(3)
def test_4_is_not_prime():
assert not is_prime(4)
def test_5_is_prime():
assert is_prime(5)
def test_991_is_prime():
assert is_prime(991)
def test_993_is_not_prime():
assert not is_prime(993)
def test_7873_is_prime():
assert is_prime(7873)
def test_7802143_is_not_prime():
assert not is_prime(7802143)
```
When we run pytest from the command line, here’s what we see:
```
~/project$ pytest
=========================== test session starts ===========================
platform linux -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-8.0.2, pluggy-1.4.0
rootdir: /home/michael/project/tests
plugins: anyio-4.3.0
collected 9 items
test_is_prime.py ......... [100%]
============================ 9 passed in 0.02s ============================
```
Our tests pass! It looks like is_prime is doing what it’s supposed to.
## Step #2: Deploy your Heroku app
It’s time to wire up Heroku. Assuming you have a Heroku account and you’ve installed the Heroku CLI, creating your Heroku app is going to go pretty quickly.
Heroku will look in our project root folder for a file called requirements.txt, listing the Python dependencies our project has. This is what the file should look like:
```
fastapi==0.110.1
pydantic==2.7.0
uvicorn==0.29.0
pytest==8.0.2
```
Next, Heroku will look for a file called Procfile to determine how to start our Python application. Procfile should look like this:
```
web: uvicorn main:app --host=0.0.0.0 --port=${PORT}
```
With those files in place, let’s create our app.
```
~/project$ heroku login
~/project$ heroku apps:create is-it-prime
```
That was it? Yeah. That was it.
## Step #3: Push your code to Heroku
Next, we push our project code to the git remote that the Heroku CLI set up when we created our app.
```
~/project$ git push heroku main
…
remote: -----> Launching...
remote: Released v3
remote: https://is-it-prime-2f2e4fe7adc1.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku
```
So, that’s done. Let’s check our API.
```
$ curl https://is-it-prime-2f2e4fe7adc1.herokuapp.com/prime/91
false
$ curl https://is-it-prime-2f2e4fe7adc1.herokuapp.com/prime/7873
true
$ curl https://is-it-prime-2f2e4fe7adc1.herokuapp.com/prime/7802143
false
```
It works!
## Step #4: Create a Heroku Pipeline to use Heroku CI
Now, we want to create a Heroku Pipeline with Heroku CI enabled so that we can run our tests.
We create the pipeline (called is-it-prime-pipeline), adding the app we created above to the staging phase of the pipeline.
```
$ heroku pipelines:create \
--app=is-it-prime \
--stage=staging \
is-it-prime-pipeline
Creating is-it-prime-pipeline pipeline... done
Adding ⬢ is-it-prime to is-it-prime-pipeline pipeline as staging... done
```
With our pipeline created, we want to connect it to a GitHub repo so that our actions on the repo (such as new pull requests or merges) can trigger events in our pipeline (like automatically running the test suite).
```
$ heroku pipelines:connect is-it-prime-pipeline -r capnMB/heroku-ci-demo
Linking to repo... done
```
As you can see, I’m connecting my pipeline to my GitHub repo. When something like a pull request or a merge occurs in my repo, it will trigger the Heroku CI to run the test suite.
Next, we need to configure our test environment in an app.json manifest. Our file contents should look like this:
```
{
"environments": {
"test": {
"formation": {
"test": {
"quantity": 1,
"size": "standard-1x"
}
},
"scripts": {
"test": "pytest"
}
}
}
}
```
This manifest contains the script we would use to run through our test suite. It also specifies the dyno size we (standard-1x) would want to use for our test environment. We commit this file to our repo.
Finally, in the web UI for Heroku, we navigate to the Tests page of our pipeline, and we click the Enable Heroku CI button.
After enabling Heroku CI, here’s what we see:
## Step #5: Run your tests with Heroku CI
Just to demonstrate it, we can manually trigger a run of our test suite using the Heroku CLI:
```
$ heroku ci:run --pipeline is-it-prime-pipeline
…
-----> Running test command `pytest`...
========================= test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.0.2, pluggy-1.4.0
rootdir: /app
plugins: anyio-4.3.0
collected 9 items
tests/test_is_prime.py ......... [100%]
============================ 9 passed in 0.03s ============================
```
How does the test run look in our browser? We navigate to our pipeline and click Tests. There, we see our first test run in the left-side nav.
A closer inspection of our tests shows this:
Awesome. Now, let’s push some new code to a branch in our repo and watch the tests run!
We create a new branch (called new-test), adding another test case to test_is_prime.py. As soon as we push our branch to GitHub, here’s what we see at Heroku:
Heroku CI detects the pushed code and automates a new run of the test suite. Not too long after, we see the successful results:
## Heroku CI for the win
If you’re using Heroku for your production environment—and you’re ready to go all in with DevOps—then using [pipelines](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/pipelines) and [Heroku CI](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-ci) may be the way to go.
Rather than using different tools and platforms for building, testing, reviewing, staging, and releasing to production… I can consolidate all these pieces in a single Heroku Pipeline. And with Heroku CI, I get automated testing with every push to my repo.
| mbogan |
1,901,337 | Reasons Why Intranet is Important at the Workplace | Effective communication, collaboration, and information sharing are foundational to any... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:24:54 | https://dev.to/webtualglobal/reasons-why-intranet-is-important-at-the-workplace-1p2a |
Effective communication, collaboration, and information sharing are foundational to any organization's success. An intranet plays a crucial role in facilitating these activities within the workplace environment. It serves as a centralized platform where employees can access resources, communicate with colleagues, and stay updated with company news and updates. Let's explore why an intranet is indispensable for modern workplaces:
**Centralized Information Hub**:
An intranet acts as a central repository for storing and accessing crucial information, documents, policies, and procedures. It provides employees with a single source of truth, ensuring everyone has access to current information relevant to their roles. This eliminates inefficiencies linked to scattered or outdated information, enabling informed decision-making and more effective task execution.
**Enhanced Communication and Collaboration**:
Facilitating seamless communication and collaboration is vital for fostering teamwork, innovation, and employee engagement. An intranet facilitates this by offering tools like instant messaging, discussion forums, and project management portals. It enables employees to connect across departments or locations, share ideas, collaborate on projects in real-time, and coordinate activities efficiently. Improved collaboration cultivates a cohesive work environment and boosts productivity organization-wide.
**Employee Engagement and Organizational Culture**:
An intranet nurtures employee engagement and promotes a positive organizational culture by sharing company news, updates, and achievements. It keeps employees informed and aligned with the organization's goals and values. Features such as employee directories, team profiles, and social networking functionalities encourage networking, recognition of accomplishments, and participation in company initiatives. This transparency fosters a sense of belonging and morale, enhancing retention and job satisfaction.
**Operational Efficiency and Productivity**:
Optimizing internal processes and [workflows ](https://www.webtualglobal.com/best-sharepoint-development-company-in-usa/)is crucial for operational efficiency and maximizing productivity. An intranet automates routine tasks such as leave requests, expense approvals, and document workflows through customizable forms and workflows. It reduces reliance on manual processes, cuts administrative overhead, and accelerates decision-making. By providing quick access to resources necessary for daily tasks, an intranet empowers employees to work efficiently and focus on strategic priorities.
**Knowledge Management and Learning**:
Promoting knowledge sharing and continuous learning is essential for innovation and staying competitive. An intranet supports knowledge management by enabling employees to share expertise, access training materials, and participate in e-learning courses. It hosts webinars and knowledge-sharing sessions, facilitating skills development and keeping employees updated with industry trends. This culture of learning promotes cross-functional collaboration and fosters innovation within the organization.
**Security and Compliance**:
Ensuring data security and regulatory compliance is critical for organizational integrity. An intranet provides a secure environment for storing sensitive information, enforcing access controls, and implementing data encryption. It supports compliance with regulations like GDPR or HIPAA by maintaining audit trails, conducting security assessments, and employing robust authentication measures. Proactive security measures safeguard corporate data, mitigate risks of breaches, and enhance overall data protection governance.
**Conclusion**:
In summary, an intranet is a pivotal tool for enhancing communication, collaboration, and information management in the workplace. By centralizing information, promoting communication and collaboration, boosting employee engagement, improving operational efficiency, supporting knowledge sharing, and ensuring security and compliance, an intranet contributes to a productive and cohesive work environment. As organizations embrace digital transformation and remote work, investing in a robust intranet solution becomes essential for driving success, fostering innovation, and enhancing employee satisfaction in today's workplace. | webtualglobal | |
1,901,325 | Free Tool: Mesher | Hi, i've recently developed (yet another) small tool to generate vanilla CSS animated gradients. It's... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:23:02 | https://dev.to/tipografo/free-tool-mesher-8ao | gradients, css, animatedgradients, nextjs | Hi, i've recently developed _(yet another)_ small tool to [generate vanilla CSS animated gradients](https://mshr.app). It's still in it's early stages but i would love to get some feedback from all of the community, wishing this tool can help someone generate some cool gradients.
Link: [mshr.app](https://mshr.app)
| tipografo |
1,887,467 | IT441: StallSense | Overview Have you ever got up from your desk and walked over to the restroom, only to... | 0 | 2024-06-13T16:17:30 | https://dev.to/charlesrc019/it441-stallsense-50fm | 
# Overview
Have you ever got up from your desk and walked over to the restroom, only to find that all of the stalls are full? Then you walked to the other restrooms in the building, only to find that all of them are full too? Enter StallSense, the bathroom occupancy detector to help you know to go.
# Materials
The physical materials used in this project are as follows.
- Personal Computer
- Personal Cloud Server
- (1/sensor) Arduino WEMOS D1 mini
- (1/sensor) Breadboard
- (1/sensor) LED Stoplight
- (1/sensor) Adafruit Grideye Thermal Sensor
- (1/sensor) Magnetic Door Switch Sensor
# Resources
The software, services, and code libraries used in this project are as follows.
- Arduino IDE
- C Libraries
- ESP8266WiFi
- WiFiManager
- PubSubClient
- ArduinoJson
- SPIFFS
- AdafruitAMG
- Mosquitto MQTT Broker
- Node.js
- Node.js Libraries
- Express
- Morgan
- MQTT
- Sequelize
- Socket.io
# References
The following guides and references were very useful in the completion of this project.
- SteveFi. Simple reference to the GPIO pin layout on the WEMOS D1 mini.
- GitHub. The published Adafruit AMG library, used for collecting data from the thermal camera.
- Adafruit Learning. Demonstration of collecting and using data from the Adafruit thermal camera.
- Random Nerd Tutorials. Nice walk-through using custom parameters with the WifiManager library.
- Circuits4You. Explaination of how to reset an ESP8266 chip programatically.
- Mahesh Bhanushali. Refresher course on creating a Node.js website.
- Ramesh Prajapati. Help connecting Node.js to MySQL database.
- Rising Stack. Easy to understand explaination of using the MQTT library in Node.js.
- Rip Tutorial. Tutorial for running websockets in Node.js.
# Procedure
## Part 1: Create Management Server
While the individual sensors themselves are an important part of this project, the status server is what will really make the sensors most useful. I personally did not start by creating the server, and I wish I would have. It is the crux of the whole project.
- Find a computer that you can use to run your Node.js server. You’ll need a system that can run Node.js, which is actually quite a lightweight service, and that is in a network location where the devices themselves can access it. Outside of that, feel free to use any setup you have at your disposal.
- Install Node.js. Install Node.js and Node Package Manager.
- Initialize your StallSense server. I am not a constant user of Node.js, so I always forget how to do this. Mahesh Bhanushali has one of the best walkthroughs that I’ve found on getting up and running with your own Node.js webserver. He specifically uses Express Generator, EJS, and Bootstrap in his tutorial. That is what I did as well, but feel free to use your own setup if your are more comfortable with that.
- Create and implement the visual design of your website. I went with a simple table layout for my StallSense web interface, but you could do something fancier if you want. If you want to do something more complex, I’d suggest sketching up the layout of your website before trying to implement it in HTML/CSS code. Then, edit the index.ejs view file to reflect what you want your design to be. If you followed step 3 above, you'll have access to Bootstrap styling which makes implementing your design much easier. (Below is a screenshot of my website, for your reference.)
## Part 2: Build a Thermal Sensor
Wire/soder your thermal sensor to your Arduino. For this project, I used the Adafruit Grideye 8x8 thermal camera. It initially came without header pins sodered on, but since I was planning on using it for other IoT projects outside of this, I decided to add them for ease of use. Once the headers were attached, I put both the thermal camera and my Arduino on a breadboard, and then I ran wires between them as if they were placed on top of each other. I also added a stoplight to my contraption so that I could have visual feedback of the thermal state.
## Part 3: Build a Door Sensor
Wire your door sensor to your Arduino. Door sensors are a lot more common to come by, so I actually don’t know what kind of door sensor I used. You should be able to find a generic one on your own though. The door sensor needs to be connected on one end to a power pin and on the other to an input pin. I also added a stoplight to this Arduino for immediate feedback.
# Appendix
## FAQ
- **I really don’t want to use Node.js. What are the alternatives?** I definately agree. Node.js can be a headache sometimes, espically if you don’t use it a lot. I chose Node.js because it I liked the fact that it has tons of feature extensions already developed and because it is web-centered. However, any multi-function language that has web, MQTT, and MySQL support should be able to do the job. Python and C# are the first alternative languages that come to my mind, amid others.
## Thought Questions
- **How well does the final product actually perform? It is worth it?** In the end, the stall sensors were a success! Definately worth it. The low-down is this: (1) The StallSense server added a lot to the functionality. Honestly, if all I had was one sensor, it still would have been worth it to me to write all that server code. (2) The thermal sensor needs more resolution. It worked just fine in my test bathroom, which was only a foot tall, until my roommate suck his hand underneath it and it didn’t go off. I don’t think that it would work in a normal-sized bathroom, espically with all the thick, heat-capturing clothing that people wear in the winter. (3) The door sensors are the way to go. If you want the most reliable and least expensive option, go with the door sensors. They are accurate, much easier to develop, and are less of a privacy concern.
- **What improvements would you like to make to StallSense?** Two main ideas here. One, I want to build commercial-type case for my sensors, just to see what that would be like. Would it be possible to make this contraption discreet enough that it wouldn’t look out-of-place in an actual bathroom? Second, it would be really cool to tear apart a toilet motion sensor (you know, the kind that automatically flush the toliet) and see if I could leverage it to also report to the stall occupancy status. If this idea were ever sold commercially, I think that having it embedded in a motion sensor would be the way to go.
- **How much time did it take to complete this project?** Unlike many of my previous projects, this project was almost completely from scratch. Of course, I did not have to write the WifiManger, AdafruitAMG, or Node Express libraries myself, but I did do the integrations between them myself. It took me about 8 hours to setup and program the thermal and door sensors. Then, it took an additional 8 hours to build the StallSense server. In total, about 16 hours of work time and an additional 4 hours to write this tutorial.
# Code
All code for this project can be found in [my repo on GitHub](https://github.com/charlesrc019). | charlesrc019 | |
1,901,336 | Day 3: AWS Compute Services | In our previous blog post, we explored the fundamental concepts of AWS, including Regions,... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:21:55 | https://dev.to/dipakahirav/day-3-aws-compute-services-15oi | aws, awschallenge, amazon, services | In our previous blog post, we explored the fundamental concepts of AWS, including Regions, Availability Zones, and the AWS Management Console. Today, we'll dive deeper into AWS compute services, particularly Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud).
please subscribe to my [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@DevDivewithDipak?sub_confirmation=1
) to support my channel and get more web development tutorials.
### Understanding Amazon EC2
Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It allows you to launch and manage virtual servers, known as EC2 instances, to run your applications.
Some key features of Amazon EC2 include:
- **Flexible instance types**: Choose from a wide range of instance types optimized for different use cases, such as general purpose, compute-optimized, memory-optimized, and GPU-accelerated instances.
- **Auto Scaling**: Automatically scale your EC2 capacity up or down based on demand to maintain application performance.
- **Elastic Block Store (EBS)**: Attach persistent block storage volumes to your EC2 instances for data that needs to persist beyond the lifetime of the instance.
- **Security Groups**: Define firewall rules to control inbound and outbound traffic to your EC2 instances.
### Launching an EC2 Instance
To get started with Amazon EC2, follow these steps to launch an EC2 instance:
1. **Sign in to the AWS Management Console** and navigate to the EC2 service.
2. **Choose the appropriate Region** for your instance.
3. **Click on "Launch Instance"** to start the instance creation process.
4. **Select an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)**, which is a template that contains the software configuration needed to launch your instance.
5. **Choose an instance type** based on your compute requirements.
6. **Configure instance details**, such as the number of instances, network settings, and IAM roles.
7. **Add storage** by attaching EBS volumes to your instance.
8. **Add tags** to categorize and manage your instance.
9. **Configure security group rules** to control inbound and outbound traffic.
10. **Review and launch** your instance.
### Other Compute Services
While Amazon EC2 is the primary compute service, AWS offers additional compute services for specific use cases:
1. **AWS Lambda**: A serverless compute service that runs your code in response to events or HTTP requests without the need to manage servers.
2. **AWS Elastic Beanstalk**: A service that automatically handles the deployment, scaling, and load balancing of your applications.
3. **Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service)**: A highly scalable, high-performance container management service that supports Docker containers.
In our next blog post, we'll explore AWS storage services, including Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS. Stay tuned for more insights and hands-on tutorials!
please subscribe to my [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@DevDivewithDipak?sub_confirmation=1
) to support my channel and get more web development tutorials.
Happy coding! 🚀
### Follow and Subscribe:
- **Instagram**: [devdivewithdipak](https://www.instagram.com/devdivewithdipak)
- **Website**: [Dipak Ahirav] (https://www.dipakahirav.com)
- **Email**: dipaksahirav@gmail.com
- **YouTube**: [devDive with Dipak](https://www.youtube.com/@DevDivewithDipak?sub_confirmation=1
)
- **LinkedIn**: [Dipak Ahirav](https://www.linkedin.com/in/dipak-ahirav-606bba128)
| dipakahirav |
1,901,335 | Power of Real DOM in JavaScript | JavaScript developers, ready to transform your coding game? Dive deep into the world of Real DOM... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:21:15 | https://dev.to/gadekar_sachin/power-of-real-dom-in-javascript-58ad |
JavaScript developers, ready to transform your coding game? Dive deep into the world of Real DOM manipulation and discover how mastering this essential skill can revolutionize your web development journey. Let’s break it down with the Pareto Principle, ensuring you focus on the vital 20% that delivers 80% of the results.
📌 **Key Takeaways:**
1. **Understand the Basics**: Grasp the core concepts of DOM (Document Object Model) to manipulate web pages dynamically.
2. **Select with Precision**: Learn how to efficiently select DOM elements using methods like `getElementById`, `querySelector`, and more.
3. **Manipulate with Ease**: Add, remove, and modify elements with JavaScript to create interactive and dynamic user experiences.
4. **Event Handling**: Master event listeners to respond to user actions and enhance interactivity.
5. **Optimize Performance**: Ensure your DOM manipulations are smooth and efficient to maintain a seamless user experience.
🌟 **Why Focus on Real DOM?**
- **Interactivity**: Bring your web pages to life with dynamic content and user interactions.
- **Customization**: Tailor the user experience with real-time updates and changes.
- **Control**: Gain full control over your HTML and CSS through JavaScript.
🚀 **Pro Tips:**
- Use **sticker annotations** within your code for quick reminders and tips.
- Regularly practice DOM manipulation tasks to reinforce your understanding and skills.
- Keep performance in mind; minimize reflows and repaints to ensure a smooth user experience.
✨ **Get Started Today!**
Harness the power of Real DOM in JavaScript and take your web development skills to new heights. Focus on the essential techniques and watch your productivity soar!
| gadekar_sachin | |
1,901,324 | Microsoft Entra External ID & Cerbos ✨ | 👋 Looking to level up your authentication (authn) and authorization (authz) game? Here's a great... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:18:37 | https://dev.to/cerbos/microsoft-entra-external-id-cerbos-ccp | authz, tutorial, cerbos, javascript | 👋 Looking to level up your authentication (authn) and authorization (authz) game? Here's a great tutorial that dives into integrating Microsoft Entra External ID for seamless external authentication and Cerbos for top-notch, fine-grained authorization. You’ll learn about adding authentication to your external-facing apps, how to write policies, and what a policy decision point is. With clear steps, sample code, and just enough YAML to meet your daily quota, you'll learn to create secure and scalable solutions that are actually usable in the real world. Check out the [full guide here](https://bit.ly/45FdSGu)!
As an added bonus, this is actually part two of a three-part series. If you’re not entirely sure what authentication and authorization are (or just want a refresher before diving into the tutorial), you should definitely check out the [first part](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/identity/extneral-id-and-cerbos/), too. 😄
Questions? Comments? Hit us up in our [Community Slack](https://go.cerbos.io/slack)—let's get that conversation going! | phrawzty |
1,901,321 | API Gateway Patterns for Microservices Architectures | In microservices-based architectures, the API gateway pattern plays a crucial role in managing and... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:13:35 | https://dev.to/platform_engineers/api-gateway-patterns-for-microservices-architectures-2m5a | In microservices-based architectures, the API gateway pattern plays a crucial role in managing and optimizing communication between clients and multiple microservices. This pattern simplifies complexity, enhances security, and improves performance, making it indispensable for building scalable and resilient systems. This blog post will delve into the API gateway pattern, its design options, and how to choose the right approach for your microservices architecture.
### The API Gateway Pattern
The API gateway pattern involves placing an API gateway between clients and microservices. This gateway acts as a single entry point for clients, routing requests to the appropriate backend service and returning the service’s response back to the client. The API gateway can perform tasks such as authentication, rate limiting, and caching to improve the performance and security of the microservices.
### Design Options
There are several design options for implementing the API gateway pattern:
#### 1. API Gateway Pattern
In this pattern, a single API gateway sits between the client and multiple microservices. The API gateway acts as a reverse proxy, routing requests from clients to the appropriate microservice. This pattern is useful when you have a microservice architecture, need to expose backend services to external clients, or want to add additional functionality such as request routing, load balancing, caching, and authentication.
#### 2. Microgateway Pattern
In the microgateway pattern, each microservice has its own dedicated API gateway. This pattern is useful if you want to give each service more control over its own traffic, but it can also be more complex to manage.
#### 3. Gateway Aggregation Pattern
In this pattern, the API gateway aggregates multiple client requests targeting multiple internal microservices into a single client request. This pattern is especially useful when a client page or screen needs information from several microservices.
#### 4. Gateway Offloading Pattern
In this pattern, the API gateway offloads tasks such as authentication, rate limiting, and caching from the microservices. This pattern is useful when you want to improve the performance and security of the microservices.
#### 5. Gateway Routing Pattern
In this pattern, the API gateway routes requests from clients to the appropriate microservice based on predefined rules. This pattern is useful when you want to decouple the client apps from the microservices.
#### 6. Gateway Transformation Pattern
In this pattern, the API gateway transforms requests and responses between clients and microservices. This pattern is useful when you want to translate between different protocols and data formats.
#### 7. Gateway Security Pattern
In this pattern, the API gateway provides security features such as authentication, authorization, and encryption. This pattern is useful when you want to protect the microservices from unauthorized access.
### Choosing the Right Approach
When choosing the right API gateway pattern for your microservices architecture, consider the following factors:
#### 1. Complexity
If you have a complex microservices architecture with multiple client applications, a single API gateway pattern may be more suitable. If you have a simpler architecture with fewer client applications, a microgateway pattern may be more suitable.
#### 2. Scalability
If you need to handle a large volume of API traffic, a microgateway pattern may be more suitable. If you need to handle a smaller volume of API traffic, a single API gateway pattern may be more suitable.
#### 3. Performance
If you need to improve the performance of your microservices, a gateway offloading pattern may be more suitable. If you need to improve the security of your microservices, a gateway security pattern may be more suitable.
#### 4. Integration
If you need to integrate your microservices with other systems, a gateway transformation pattern may be more suitable. If you need to expose your backend services to external clients, a single API gateway pattern may be more suitable.
### Conclusion
The API gateway pattern is a crucial architectural tool in microservices-based architectures. By understanding the different design options and factors to consider, you can choose the right approach for your microservices architecture. Whether you choose a single API gateway pattern, microgateway pattern, or one of the other design options, the API gateway pattern can help you build scalable, resilient, and secure systems.
The API gateway pattern is an essential component of [platform engineering](www.platformengineers.io), as it provides a single entry point for clients to access microservices. By implementing the right API gateway pattern, you can improve the performance, security, and scalability of your microservices architecture. | shahangita | |
1,901,320 | How-to fix Git com GPG Lock | Um dia, sem mais nem menos, você não consegue mergear uma branch em outra ou sequer fazer um commit... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:13:25 | https://dev.to/debborafernandess/how-to-fix-git-com-gpg-lock-4p4h | Um dia, sem mais nem menos, você não consegue mergear uma branch em outra ou sequer fazer um commit manual, porque ao tentar recebe a mensagem de erro:
```
gpg: waiting for lock (held by 4242) ...
```
E agora, o que aconteceu?
_Será que a chave GPG expirou e eu devo renovar?
Seria um lock no processo e matar o processo resolveria?
Devo apelar para o desinstala/instala?_
Esse problema vem de um congelamento durante o processo de commit que apesar de raramente acontecer, quando ocorre é geralmente causado por problemas de bloqueio GPG.
A boa notícia é que é super simples resolver esse problema!
**Começamos procurando e removendo o(s) arquivo(s) de lock**
```
❯ ls -l ~/.gnupg/*.lock
❯ rm ~/.gnupg/[lock-file-name].lock
```
**E finalizamos reiniciando o GPG**
```
❯ gconf --reload gpg-agent
```
Uma vez removido o arquivo e reiniciado o GPG, você consegue outra vez commitar e realizar outras operações do GIT =)
Ah, e caso queira consultar o 'status' do GPG, você pode imprimí-lo no seu terminal:
```
❯ echo "test" | gpg --clearsign
``` | debborafernandess | |
1,429,685 | Creating a virtual machine with AWS | Creating a virtual machine on AWS is as simple as cutting a slice of birthday cake :). Whether you... | 0 | 2023-04-07T21:31:07 | https://dev.to/lomosa/creating-a-virtual-machine-with-aws-3kjl | aws, virtualmachine, cloud, tutorial | Creating a virtual machine on AWS is as simple as cutting a slice of birthday cake :). Whether you are a beginner or an expert in cloud computing and have difficulty in setting up a virtual machine in AWS, you can follow these simple steps:
**1. Set up an account**
To set up an account head over to [AWS Free Cloud Computing Services](https://aws.amazon.com/free/?all-free-tier.sort-by=item.additionalFields.SortRank&all-free-tier.sort-order=asc&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Types=*all&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Categories=*all) and create an account if you do not have one.
You have to fill in the correct details, and also set up your card details so that you can be able to access all features of AWS. AWS will only hold $1 for you to be able to create a virtual machine so this is very important for you to note.
**2. EC2 Services.**
Once you have completed your account setup, you can login as root user and you'll be directed to the console home. On the navigation bar, you will see a services icon and that will lead you to a sub menu where you can pick the compute section and see the EC2 service where we will be able to create virtual servers in the cloud.
**3. Creating an instance**
After successfully heading to the EC2 dashboard, you will be able to see and monitor all EC2 resources that are running on your account. To create an instance, on the side bar, you will select the instances option and click on the 'launch instance' button.
After clicking the button you will be able to see the following page where you can choose the features of your instance. The first step is naming your instance and you have to make sure it is a unique name so that it will not be rejected.
Then you will have to select the operating system that you want your virtual machine to run on such as aws linux,mac os, ubuntu, windows, redhat etc., but for this instance let us go with windows.
After that you can select the instance type. There are many instance types you can choose from with different storage capacities and pricing but for this instance, we will go with the default one.
The third step is choosing a key pair. If you do not have one you will have to create one so that it will be able to connect with the RDP.
Use the OpenSSH (pem) key for this instance for ease of use. Click on the create key pair button and this will automatically download a file that will be used later.
After successfully creating a key pair, you leave the rest as default and head over to the summary section to ensure you got all the details of your instance correctly. If the details are okay, you can click on the 'launch instance' button to create your instance.
A successful instance launch will prompt the message below.
**4. Connecting to RDP**
To connect to an RDP, you will head over to the instances and select the instance that we created and click on the connect button that is right above it.
If you are connecting it using a windows machine, head over to the RDP Client section and select it. This will lead you to the RDP client settings and you will be able to get the password for it.
We previously had a file that automatically downloaded when we created a key pair. We will upload that file private key file here. Decrypt the password and copy it for later use.
Now we can download the Remote desktop file and run it.
A window pop up will show up and you will have to enter the password that you had copied earlier.
Allow connections to the RDP and wait for the virtual machine to load. The following will show up after successful connection.
You have successfully created a virtual machine! Hurray!!
**4. Terminating an instance**
Remember that you have to terminate an instance in order to not accumulate charges on your account. To terminate your instance you select the instance and click on instant state as shown below. You will have a choice on which instant state you want and select terminate instance.
After selecting terminate instance a pop up window will appear asking you to confirm if you want to terminate the instance. Click terminate and proceed.
You will see a message showing that you have successfully terminated the instance and therefore it is not running anymore and you will not accrue any charges on your account.
You have finally learnt how to create a virtual machine in AWS. Great Job !!
| lomosa |
1,901,317 | Investing for Tomorrow: Understanding Sustainable Investing. | In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards sustainable investing, driven by both... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:11:34 | https://dev.to/team_convanto_b68a85d86ab/investing-for-tomorrow-understanding-sustainable-investing-b9h | startup, business, sustainable, investing | In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards sustainable investing, driven by both environmental concerns and the recognition of long-term financial viability. Investors are increasingly looking beyond traditional financial metrics to consider environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors when making investment decisions. This article aims to provide an overview of sustainable investing, its principles, strategies, and its potential benefits for both investors and the planet.
**What is Sustainable Investing?**
Sustainable investing, also known as socially responsible investing (SRI), ethical investing, or impact investing, is an approach to investment that seeks to generate long-term financial returns while also contributing to positive social or environmental outcomes. This approach recognizes that companies that operate sustainably and responsibly may be better positioned to weather risks and capitalize on opportunities in a rapidly changing world.
**Principles of Sustainable Investing:**
**1. Environmental Considerations:** Sustainable investing involves evaluating the environmental impact of companies and industries. According to a report by Bloomberg, environmental criteria are the most commonly considered factors in sustainable investing, with $17.5 trillion of assets globally being managed under this strategy.
**2. Social Responsibility:** Social factors are also important considerations in sustainable investing. A study by Harvard Business School found that companies with strong social performance outperformed their peers over the long term. This may include evaluating a company’s labor practices, diversity and inclusion policies, community engagement efforts, and impact on local communities.
**3. Governance Standards:** Governance refers to the way in which companies are managed and controlled. Sustainable investors look for companies with strong governance structures, transparent reporting practices, and a commitment to ethical behavior. Companies with good governance tend to have lower costs of capital and higher valuations.
**Strategies for Sustainable Investing:**
**1. Negative Screening:** Negative screening involves excluding companies or industries that do not meet certain ESG criteria from the investment portfolio. The most common exclusionary criterion is related to tobacco, followed by controversial weapons and companies involved in coal mining or coal-fired power generation, according to the GSIA.
**2. Positive Screening:** Positive screening involves actively selecting companies that demonstrate strong ESG performance or are engaged in activities that contribute to positive social or environmental outcomes. Sustainable investing in renewable energy has seen significant growth, with investments reaching $282.2 billion globally in 2020, According to Iea Report.
**3. Integration of ESG Factors:** Some investors integrate ESG factors into traditional financial analysis to identify risks and opportunities that may not be captured by financial metrics alone. A study by MSCI found that companies with high ESG ratings tend to have lower cost of debt and lower earnings volatility.
**4. Impact Investing:** Impact investing involves making investments with the intention of generating measurable social or environmental impact alongside financial returns. Estimates the size of the global impact investing market to be around $1.164 trillion.
**Benefits of Sustainable Investing:**
**1. Financial Performance:** Studies have shown that sustainable investing can deliver competitive financial returns over the long term. According to a meta-analysis by Oxford University, 88% of reviewed studies found that companies with strong ESG profiles demonstrated better operational performance and were less risky investments.
**2. Alignment with Values:** Sustainable investing allows investors to align their investment decisions with their values and beliefs. According to a survey by Morgan Stanley, 85% of individual investors are interested in sustainable investing, with millennials being particularly interested.
**3. Risk Management:** By considering ESG factors, investors can identify and mitigate potential risks that may not be captured by traditional financial analysis. A report by McKinsey found that companies with strong ESG credentials were more resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic.
**4. Positive Impact:** Perhaps most importantly, sustainable investing has the potential to drive positive social and environmental change. Impact investments in affordable housing have been shown to improve housing affordability and reduce homelessness, according to European commission.
Sustainable investing represents a powerful approach to investment that seeks to generate long-term financial returns while also making a positive impact on society and the environment. By considering environmental, social, and governance factors alongside traditional financial metrics, investors can align their investment decisions with their values and contribute to a more sustainable future for all. As the world faces increasingly complex challenges, sustainable investing has the potential to drive positive change and create value for investors and society as a whole.
**About the Founder and CEO at Convanto:**
Vandana Tolani started her journey by heading a family office in Singapore and Jakarta, where she worked as an investment banker & advisor to family offices and angel investors. She helped start-ups from diverse backgrounds, from fin-tech and B2B tech to consumer startups. After 15 years in Singapore and Jakarta, she returned to India. She did investments for a while and then returned to the advisory. That is when Convanto was founded.
Today, Convanto is one of the most well-known boutique investment banks in India, led by a female founder. Convanto has a core portfolio of over 210 investments in more than 45 countries.
Vandana Tolani has a personality full of zest, passion, and ardor towards her field of expertise, with more than 25 years of experience in international and domestic business advisory and fundraising.
Vandana Tolani is often considered one of the most prominent personalities in her field and is often asked to share her knowledge and expertise as the chief speaker in many webinars and seminars. Till date, she has participated in 350+ talks, which you can view on YouTube and on our website: https://linktr.ee/convanto.
Her story is nothing short of inspirational, and she is the recipient of numerous awards, including the following:
~Top 10 Women Leaders in Wealth Management.
~Women Entrepreneur of the Year for 2021 and 2023.
~Global Woman Leader, awarded by the World Women Congress.
~Best Financial Institution in Supporting Start-Ups in India, awarded by Dr. Kiran Bedi.
~Pioneering Women Leaders in Investment Banking, awarded by Hema Malini.
Her achievements and contributions have been featured in prominent publications such as the Times of India, Hindustan Times, and Gurgaon Times. Her story was recently covered in Volume 2 of Eves Against the Odds, a book about 25 inspiring women entrepreneurs.
**She can be reached at:**
https://www.linkedin.com/in/vandanatolani/
https://www.facebook.com/vandanatol
https://www.instagram.com/convanto_/
| team_convanto_b68a85d86ab |
1,901,316 | DumpsBoss AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Your Study Plan | Unveiling the Secrets of AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Introduction In the fast-paced world of cloud... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:04:35 | https://dev.to/thomas564/dumpsboss-aws-practitioner-exam-dumps-your-study-plan-3b66 | Unveiling the Secrets of AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps
Introduction
In the fast-paced world of cloud computing, obtaining certifications can significantly boost one's career prospects. Among these certifications, the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner stands out as an entry-level credential that validates essential knowledge of the <a href="https://dumpsboss.com/certification-provider/amazon/">AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps</a>. However, the journey to becoming certified can be daunting, especially when it comes to preparing for the exam. This article delves into the realm of AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps , exploring their utility, ethical considerations, and the most effective strategies for leveraging them.
Understanding AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Certification
What is AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Certification?
AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Certification serves as an entry point into the world of AWS, validating foundational knowledge of the AWS Cloud and its basic architectural principles.
Importance of AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps Certification
• Career Advancement: It opens doors to various job opportunities in cloud computing, including roles such as cloud architect, cloud consultant, and cloud developer.
• Skill Validation: <a href="https://dumpsboss.com/certification-provider/amazon/">AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps</a> demonstrates proficiency in fundamental AWS services, enhancing credibility in the eyes of employers and clients.
Exploring AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps
What are AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps ?
AWS Practitioner Exam Dumps refer to collections of exam questions and answers purportedly obtained from previous test takers. These dumps are often shared online through forums, websites, and social media platforms.
For More Free Updates >>>>>: https://dumpsboss.com/certification-provider/amazon/ | thomas564 | |
1,901,315 | Unified Software Solutions for Business Efficiency | The Software solutions integrated seamlessly combine various applications and systems to function as... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:04:01 | https://dev.to/john_expert_9dd57f8abf5ed/unified-software-solutions-for-business-efficiency-2jfa | webdev, beginners | The [Software solutions integrated ](https://engageexperts.ae/software-solutions-integrated/)seamlessly combine various applications and systems to function as a cohesive unit, enhancing efficiency and productivity. These solutions enable different software components to communicate and work together, facilitating data sharing and process automation. Integration can be achieved through APIs, middleware, or custom coding, ensuring that disparate systems operate harmoniously. This approach helps businesses streamline operations, reduce manual tasks, and improve decision-making by providing a unified view of information. Integrated software solutions are essential in today's digital landscape, driving innovation and enabling organizations to adapt quickly to changing market demands and technological advancements. | john_expert_9dd57f8abf5ed |
1,901,314 | Creating A Radio Software | Day 1: Starting My Radio Software Project Hello, World! 👋 My name is Preston Arnold, a... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:02:49 | https://dev.to/prestonarnold0/creating-a-radio-software-3fn7 | webdev, javascript, programming, react | ## Day 1: Starting My Radio Software Project
Hello, World! 👋
My name is Preston Arnold, a 14-year-old developer from the UK with 4 years of experience in Website Development.
Anyways, enough about me.
## Inspirations
For this project, I've drawn inspiration from some fantastic radio automation software:
- **[RadioDJ](https://www.radiodj.ro/)**
- **[PlayIt Live](https://www.playitsoftware.com/Products/Live/)**
- **[AzuraCast](https://www.azuracast.com/)**
## Technology Stack
Here's the technology stack I'm planning to use:
- **React TS + Vite**
- **Tauri or Electron**
- **PostgreSQL**
I'll add more technologies as the project evolves.
## My Audio Library
If we decide to use Electron, I've already created an audio library that could be very useful. You can check it out here:
- **[GitHub](https://github.com/prestonarnold0/audio)**
- **[NPM](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@prestonarnold/audio)**
Stay tuned for more updates as I progress with this exciting project!
---
*This is my first blog post on [dev.to](https://dev.to), so I hope you enjoy it!*
Feel free to reach out with any feedback or suggestions.
Happy hacking! 🚀
| prestonarnold0 |
1,901,313 | Optimize Django Performance: Using Asynchronous Signals with Huey and SQLite | One of the powerful features of the Django framework is the provision of an independent means of... | 27,866 | 2024-06-26T13:01:59 | https://medium.com/@abasifreke/optimize-django-performance-using-asynchronous-signals-with-huey-and-sqlite-40dfbec122e1 | webdev, django, programming, python | One of the powerful features of the Django framework is the provision of an independent means of communication between different parts of its application without being tightly connected, this is done by signals. Django Signals allow connectivity between different components while responding to changes. For example, creating a profile instance of a user, when a new user is created, and sending a welcome email notification when there is a new registration on a website.
If you are new to the use of Django signals, you need a basic understanding of how a signal works, and there’s a comprehensive guide to implementing Django signals. After mastering the use of synchronous signals, this guide will explain asynchronous signals with practical examples.
*This article was originally published on my Medium page. You can read the original [here](https://medium.com/@abasifreke/optimize-django-performance-using-asynchronous-signals-with-huey-and-sqlite-40dfbec122e1).*
**Why Use Asynchronous Signals**
A developer might have concerns and questions on why opt for Asynchronous signals when synchronous signals are simple, work with fewer codes, and require fewer dependencies. But think of the django application as a project management system, where a project manager personally handles every task sequentially instead of redirecting tasks to different team members, in this scenario, the project manager must complete one task before starting another. For example, for a task that involves gathering and analyzing data, the manager must wait till all the data is collected before analyses, while the manager is engaged in one task, the other task is put on hold or `BLOCKED` leading to a delay in execution time, inefficiency, reduced responsiveness, scalability issues, and time wastage. If the manager fails at one point, there is a possible failure of the entire workflow.
But if the manager assigns the task to different team members based on their expertise, the tasks are carried out simultaneously, example one team member collects the data while another analyses the data simultaneously, the progress can be monitored by the manager and any related issues are addressed without stopping the whole workflow, this is an example of `NON-BLOCKING` operations and it improves overall project performance and efficiency.
Non-blocking I/O (input/output) operations are processes that do not prevent a program from executing other tasks while waiting for the I/O operation to complete. `Asynchronous` signals allow signal handlers to be async functions which are useful in performing non-blocking I/O(input/output) operations as in the case, example a database or network queries.
## Prerequisites
- Python Programming skills
- Proficiency in Django
- Problem-solving skills
- A good understanding of Django signals.
## Practical Example of Django Async Signals
A logger can be used to demonstrate the behavior of Django asynchronous signals. By examining logged messages, the sequence in which synchronous and asynchronous signal handlers are executed, as well as the time taken for each execution, can be compared. This helps demonstrate blocking and non-blocking operations by comparing their sequence and time of execution.
In this guide, both synchronous and asynchronous signals for profile creation and image resizing will be tested to show the differences between blocking (synchronous) and non-blocking (asynchronous) operations. Let’s get started.
- **Customizing Logger for Synchronous Signals**:
To effectively capture the sequence of events and elapsed time between each event such as creating a user, creating a user profile instance, and resizing the image before saving it in the database, a customized logger will be implemented. This logger will print these messages to ease thorough testing of synchronous signals.
```
#settings.py
import logging
#class CustomFormatter(logging.Formatter):
def format(self, record):
if not hasattr(record, 'elapsed'):
record.elapsed = 0.0 # Provide a default value for 'elapsed'
return super().format(record)
# Update the logging configuration
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'console': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'verbose',
},
},
'formatters': {
'verbose': {
'()': CustomFormatter,
'format': '{asctime} {levelname} {name}:{lineno} [{elapsed:.3f}s] - {message}',
'style': '{',
},
},
'loggers': {
'django': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'INFO',
'propagate': True,
},
'django.server': { # Suppress django.server logs
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'ERROR', # Only show errors and above
'propagate': False,
},
'user': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'PIL': { # Reduce verbosity for PIL library
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'ERROR',
'propagate': False,
},
},
'root': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'WARNING', # Default root level to WARNING
},
}
```
- **Creating and Testing Synchronous Signal:**
First, write synchronous signals to create a Profile instance for a newly created User instance and resize the image before saving it to the database.
- **Creating a Form:**
Create a form class in `forms.py` to handle user registration, including fields for username, password, email, and image.
```
#models.py
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserRegistrationForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(max_length=150)
email = forms.EmailField()
password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
image = forms.ImageField()
def clean_username(self):
username = self.cleaned_data['username']
if User.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
raise forms.ValidationError("Username is already taken.")
return username
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data['email']
if User.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
raise forms.ValidationError("Email is already registered.")
return email
return user
```
- **Creating a View to Handle User Registration:**
The view submits the registration form after validating user credentials, creates a user, instantiates the profile model with the uploaded image, and logs messages at every point during execution with the timestamp.
```
#views.py
import logging
import time
from datetime import datetime
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .forms import UserRegistrationForm
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserRegistrationForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
username = form.cleaned_data['username']
email = form.cleaned_data['email']
password = form.cleaned_data['password']
image = form.cleaned_data['image']
start_time = time.time()
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Starting user creation process")
# Create the user
user = User.objects.create_user(username=username, email=email, password=password)
elapsed_time_user_creation = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - User created: {username} ({email}) in {elapsed_time_user_creation:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time_user_creation})
# Create or update the profile with the image
if image:
start_time_profile = time.time()
user.profile.image = image
user.profile.save()
elapsed_time_profile_update = time.time() - start_time_profile
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Profile updated for user: {username} in {elapsed_time_profile_update:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time_profile_update})
else:
logger.warning(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - No image provided for user: {username}")
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Redirecting to login page after successful registration: {username}")
return redirect('login')
else:
form = UserRegistrationForm()
return render(request, 'register.html', {'form': form})
```
- **URL Configuration:**
Import views from .views and map them to urlpatterns in `urls.py`, assuming both files are in the same app directory. Use a dot `( . )` to indicate the current directory.
```
from django.urls import path
from . import views
url_pattern = [
path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
```
- **Creating a User Profile Model:**
Create a profile model for the user with a OneToOneField linking it directly to the User model. This relationship ensures that each instance of the User model is associated with only one instance of the Profile model. Include fields such as image and bio in the Profile model, with pre-populated default values for newly registered user profiles.
```
#models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from PIL import Image
class Profile(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='profile_pics/', null=True)
bio = models.TextField(blank=True, default= 'This is a default bio')
location = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.user.username}'s Profile"
```
- **Creating Functions to Handle Signals:**
Import `post_save` from `django.db.models.signals` to detect when a new user is saved in the database. Import the` @receiver` decorator from `django.dispatch` to connect the signal to the `create_profilesignal` handler using the `receiver` decorator’s `connect()` method. The `create_profile signal` handler checks if a new user is created and then creates a corresponding profile instance for that user. The `save_profile` signal handler performs a similar task to save the user’s associated profile.
```
#signals.py
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.dispatch import receiver
from .models import Profile
from PIL import Image
import time
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
start_time = time.time()
Profile.objects.create(user=instance)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"Created Profile for user: {instance.username} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
@receiver(post_save, sender=Profile)
def resize_profile_image(sender, instance, **kwargs):
if instance.image:
start_time = time.time()
time.sleep(5)
logger.info(f"Image processing started for user: {instance.user.username}")
img = Image.open(instance.image.path)
if img.height > 300 or img.width > 300:
output_size = (300, 300)
img.thumbnail(output_size)
img.save(instance.image.path)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"Image processing complete for user: {instance.user.username} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
```
- **Connecting Signals to App:**
Importing signals in your `app.py` allows signal handlers to be connected to signals when the application is initialized.
```
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UserConfig(AppConfig):
default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
name = 'user'
def ready(self):
import user.signals
```
- **Creating a user:**
When the registration form is submitted and a new user is created, the `create_profile_signal` is triggered to create a new profile. The `resize_profile_image` signal is also triggered to resize the uploaded image and update the profile with the resized image. A sleep timer is set to simulate processing time for a large image file uploaded with the form, which takes 5 seconds to process. If your logger is correctly configured, you should see the event sequence with timestamps as follows:
```
2024-06-25 10:30:54,558 INFO user.signals:56 [0.112s] - Created Profile for user: testuser in 0.112 seconds
2024-06-25 10:30:54,562 INFO user.views:82 [1.386s] - User created: testuser (testemail@gmail.com) in 1.386 seconds
2024-06-25 10:30:59,683 INFO user.signals:63 [0.000s] - Image processing started for user: testuser
2024-06-25 10:30:59,749 INFO user.signals:72 [5.066s] - Image processing complete for user: testuser in 5.066 seconds
2024-06-25 10:30:59,749 INFO user.views:90 [5.185s] - Profile updated for user: testuser in 5.185 seconds
```
Based on the logger information above, it is observed that resizing the image takes approximately 5.066 seconds. As a synchronous operation, the registration view waits for this task to complete before updating the profile and redirecting to the login page. This highlights a disadvantage of synchronous signals in web applications. In the next section, we will convert these signals to asynchronous signals.
## **Setting up Asynchronous Signals with Huey and SQLite Broker**
To implement async signals, you need a background task manager and a message broker for handling messages. In this tutorial, we’ll use `Huey` and an `SQLite` broker due to their lightweight nature, easy setup, simplicity, and seamless integration with Django applications.
- **Installing Huey with pip:**
```
pip install huey
```
- **Customizing Huey in setting.py to use SQLite as its messaging broker.**
```
#settings.py
from huey import SqliteHuey
HUEY = {
'huey_class': 'huey.SqliteHuey', # Use the SqliteHuey class
'name': 'user-huey-app', # Change to desired name
'results': True, # Enable result storage
'store_none': False, # If a task returns None, do not save
'immediate': False, # If DEBUG=True, run synchronously
'utc': True,
'filename': 'huey.sqlite3', #
}
```
- **Creating Tasks:**
In the app directory, create a file named `huey_tasks.py` and define a task for resizing the image. Tasks, as the name implies, are functions executed asynchronously in the background. They are used to offload time-consuming operations, such as image resizing, to ensure they do not block the main thread regardless of their duration. Importing models inside functions, like in `resize_profile_image_task`, ensures Django apps are fully ready to avoid the `AppRegistryNotReady` error.
```
#huey_tasks.py
from huey.contrib.djhuey import task
from PIL import Image
from django.conf import settings
import os
import logging
import time
from datetime import datetime
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
huey_logger = logging.getLogger('huey')
@task()
def resize_profile_image_task(profile_id):
try:
from .models import Profile
start_time = time.time()
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Starting image processing for profile ID: {profile_id}")
time.sleep(5)
instance = Profile.objects.get(id=profile_id)
if instance.image:
img_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, str(instance.image))
img = Image.open(img_path)
if img.height > 300 or img.width > 300:
output_size = (300, 300)
img.thumbnail(output_size)
img.save(img_path)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Image processing complete for user: {instance.user.username} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
huey_logger.info(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Image processing complete for user: {instance.user.username} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
else:
logger.warning(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - No image found for user: {instance.user.username}")
except Profile.DoesNotExist:
logger.error(f"{datetime.now().strftime('%H:%M:%S')} - Profile with id {profile_id} does not exist.")
```
In the app directory, create a file named `huey_tasks.py` and define a task for resizing images. Tasks, as the name implies, are functions executed asynchronously in the background. They are designed to offload time-consuming operations such as image resizing to ensure they do not block the main thread regardless of their duration.
- **Linking Task to signals:**
```
#signals.py
import logging
import time
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.dispatch import receiver
from .models import Profile
from .huey_tasks import resize_profile_image_task
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
start_time = time.time()
profile = Profile.objects.create(user=instance)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"Created Profile for user: {instance.username} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
@receiver(post_save, sender=Profile)
def resize_image(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
start_time = time.time()
resize_profile_image_task(profile_id=instance.id)
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
logger.info(f"Image resized for profile: {instance.id} in {elapsed_time:.3f} seconds", extra={'elapsed': elapsed_time})
```
When a user profile is created, the post_save signal of the profile model triggers the `resize_image signal` handler, which then triggers the `resize_profile_image_task`. This ensures that the image is resized without blocking other operations before the profile data is fully saved to the database.
- **Testing Async Signals:**
To start the Huey consumer process, `run py manage.py run_huey` in the same directory as `manage.py`. This command executes tasks queued by Huey, facilitating background task processing within your application. Successful execution should resemble the CMD output below:
```
(env) C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\newproject\myproject>py manage.py run_huey
[2024-06-25 13:25:34,539] INFO:huey.consumer:MainThread:Huey consumer started with 1 thread, PID 4684 at 2024-06-25 20:25:34.539063
2024-06-25 13:25:34,539 INFO huey.consumer:389 [0.000s] - Huey consumer started with 1 thread, PID 4684 at 2024-06-25 20:25:34.539063
[2024-06-25 13:25:34,539] INFO:huey.consumer:MainThread:Scheduler runs every 1 second(s).
2024-06-25 13:25:34,539 INFO huey.consumer:392 [0.000s] - Scheduler runs every 1 second(s).
[2024-06-25 13:25:34,540] INFO:huey.consumer:MainThread:Periodic tasks are enabled.
2024-06-25 13:25:34,540 INFO huey.consumer:394 [0.000s] - Periodic tasks are enabled.
[2024-06-25 13:25:34,540] INFO:huey.consumer:MainThread:The following commands are available:
+ user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task
2024-06-25 13:25:34,540 INFO huey.consumer:401 [0.000s] - The following commands are available:
+ user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task
```
- The output confirms that Huey, the task queue manager, has started with one processing thread and it’s ready to execute the task `user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task`. Replace `(env) C:\\Users\\Admin\\Desktop\\newproject\\myproject>py manage.py run_huey` command to the actual directory in your project.
- Proceed to register a new user and on successful registration and redirection to the login page, observe the sequence of tasks processed along with their timestamps displayed in your terminal, as shown below.
```
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
June 25, 2024 - 13:18:51
Django version 5.0.6, using settings 'myproject.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
2024-06-25 13:20:06,329 INFO user.views:75 [0.000s] - 13:20:06 - Starting user creation process
2024-06-25 13:20:07,488 INFO user.signals:106 [0.000s] - 13:20:07 - Starting profile creation for user: testuser
2024-06-25 13:20:07,635 INFO user.signals:116 [0.000s] - 13:20:07 - Starting image resizing for profile ID: 53
2024-06-25 13:20:07,641 INFO user.signals:121 [0.007s] - 13:20:07 - Image resize task triggered for profile: 53 in 0.007 seconds
2024-06-25 13:20:07,642 INFO user.signals:110 [0.155s] - 13:20:07 - Created Profile for user: testuser in 0.155 seconds
2024-06-25 13:20:07,644 INFO user.views:80 [1.315s] - 13:20:07 - User created: testuser (testuser@gmail.com) in 1.315 seconds
2024-06-25 13:20:07,777 INFO user.views:88 [0.131s] - 13:20:07 - Profile updated for user: testuser in 0.131 seconds
2024-06-25 13:20:07,777 INFO user.views:92 [0.000s] - 13:20:07 - Redirecting to login page after successful registration: testuser
```
The `image_profile_image_resize_task` function includes a 5-second delay to show how the asynchronous signal handles tasks in the background without slowing down other processes or threads. while the offloaded image resizes task was completed in the background after waiting for 5 seconds, as seen in the Huey log messages below.
```
(env) C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\newproject\myproject>py manage.py run_huey
2024-06-25 13:19:36,444 INFO huey.consumer: Huey consumer started with 1 thread, PID 10132
2024-06-25 13:19:36,445 INFO huey.consumer: Scheduler runs every 1 second(s)
2024-06-25 13:19:36,446 INFO huey.consumer: Periodic tasks are enabled
2024-06-25 13:19:36,446 INFO huey.consumer: Available commands: user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task
2024-06-25 13:20:09,192 INFO huey: Executing user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task: 9f9a8f5d-fe85-4f5b-b9ca-2c8e742c5ce0
2024-06-25 13:20:09,193 INFO user.huey_tasks: 13:20:09 - Starting image processing for profile ID: 53
2024-06-25 13:20:14,271 INFO user.huey_tasks: 13:20:14 - Image processing complete for user: testuser in 5.077 seconds
2024-06-25 13:20:14,273 INFO huey: user.huey_tasks.resize_profile_image_task executed in 5.079 seconds
```
The Huey consumer started and scheduled the `resize_profile_image_task`. While the main thread managed to create the user and profile updates in just over a second, the image resizing for profile ID 53 was offloaded at 13:20:07. Running in the background, this task was completed at 13:20:14, taking around 5 seconds. This setup keeps the app responsive, letting user operations finish fast without getting slowed down by the image resizing process.
## **Best Practices**
Start by making sure your SQLite broker is correctly set up with Huey in your Django project. This means configuring everything so that your tasks can run smoothly and connect properly.
When designing your tasks, like image resizing, make sure they run in the background by regularly checking the Huey command log messages to confirm that tasks are being registered and processed correctly.
Carefully use Django signals to trigger asynchronous tasks, separating heavy processing tasks like image resizing from the main application thread and offloading them to Huey. Ensure to include comprehensive error handling, retry logic, and logging at each step to monitor for errors. This helps in debugging and testing task flows in both development and production environments, ensuring responsive user interactions.
## Conclusion
Using Django async signals with Huey and an SQLite broker can greatly improve the performance and responsiveness of your application. By following best practices such as proper configuration, efficient task handling, and thorough testing, you can ensure proper implementation of Django asynchronous signals. It is important to log and monitor every step to ensure proper configuration, considering performance ensures your application is prepared to handle heavy tasks.
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Let’s connect on 🌐 🔗 📲
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Please stay in touch! 🌟👩💻🚀
| abasifreke_ukpong |
1,901,311 | How AI is Transforming Blockchain for Better Security and Efficiency | Blockchain technology has revolutionized the way we think about data security and transparency. With... | 0 | 2024-06-26T13:00:23 | https://dev.to/gianna4/how-ai-is-transforming-blockchain-for-better-security-and-efficiency-nj9 | Blockchain technology has revolutionized the way we think about data security and transparency. With its decentralized and immutable nature, it has become a cornerstone for applications requiring secure and verifiable records, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, as the digital landscape evolves, so too do the challenges facing blockchain technology. Enter artificial intelligence (AI), a powerful tool that's enhancing the capabilities of blockchain to create a more secure and efficient digital ecosystem.
### Enhancing Security with AI
One of the most significant benefits of integrating AI with blockchain technology is the enhancement of security. Blockchain's inherent design provides a robust foundation, but it is not impervious to threats such as fraud, cyberattacks, and vulnerabilities within smart contracts. AI can address these issues in several ways:
Anomaly Detection: AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of blockchain data to identify unusual patterns or behaviors that might indicate fraudulent activity or a security breach. Machine learning models are particularly effective at recognizing these anomalies, often in real-time, allowing for prompt action to mitigate risks.
Predictive Analytics: By leveraging predictive analytics, AI can foresee potential security threats before they materialize. This proactive approach enables blockchain networks to reinforce their defenses and address vulnerabilities preemptively.
Smart Contract Verification: Smart contracts, self-executing contracts with the terms directly written into code, are a vital component of blockchain technology. However, they can contain bugs or be exploited. AI can assist in the verification and validation of smart contracts, ensuring they are secure and function as intended.
### Boosting Efficiency with AI
Beyond security, AI significantly enhances the efficiency of [blockchain technology](https://www.softlist.io/top-product-reviews/blockchain-technology/). The computational requirements for maintaining a blockchain network can be immense, but AI introduces several optimizations:
Consensus Mechanisms: Traditional consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) are energy-intensive and slow. AI can optimize these processes by developing more efficient algorithms or improving existing ones, such as Proof of Stake (PoS) or Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), leading to faster transaction times and reduced energy consumption.
Data Management: Blockchain networks generate and process large volumes of data. AI can streamline data management by organizing, indexing, and retrieving information more efficiently. This not only speeds up transaction processing but also reduces storage requirements.
Scalability Solutions: Scalability is a critical challenge for blockchain technology. AI can contribute to solutions such as sharding, where the blockchain is divided into smaller, more manageable parts. AI algorithms can dynamically manage these shards, balancing the load and ensuring the network remains scalable and responsive.
### Real-World Applications
The integration of AI and blockchain technology is not just theoretical; it is already being applied in various sectors:
Finance: In the financial industry, AI-powered blockchain solutions are enhancing fraud detection, improving transaction speeds, and providing more accurate risk assessments.
Healthcare: Blockchain combined with AI is revolutionizing healthcare by securing patient data, streamlining administrative processes, and enabling personalized treatment plans through predictive analytics.
Supply Chain Management: AI-driven blockchain systems are improving traceability, reducing fraud, and optimizing logistics, leading to more efficient and transparent supply chains.
Cybersecurity: The marriage of AI and blockchain is creating robust cybersecurity frameworks capable of predicting, detecting, and responding to threats more effectively than traditional methods.
### Future Prospects
As AI and blockchain technology continue to evolve, their integration will likely become more seamless and sophisticated. Future advancements may include the development of autonomous blockchain networks that can self-manage and self-repair, further enhancing security and efficiency. Additionally, as quantum computing emerges, AI will play a crucial role in ensuring blockchain systems remain resilient against new forms of computational threats.
In conclusion, the synergy between AI and blockchain technology is driving significant improvements in both security and efficiency. By leveraging AI's capabilities in anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and process optimization, blockchain networks are becoming more robust and capable of meeting the demands of an increasingly digital world. This transformation is not only securing data but also paving the way for more innovative and efficient applications across various industries. As this partnership continues to grow, we can expect even greater advancements that will shape the future of digital transactions and data management.
| gianna4 | |
1,881,749 | Why do we need clean code? | Let's start by considering a non-code related example to help us answer this question. Consider you... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:57:25 | https://dev.to/wraith/why-do-we-need-clean-code-1cea | development | Let's start by considering a non-code related example to help us answer this question.
Consider you just arrived at your friend's house to pick them up to go to work. They open the door and you can immediately tell they have a lot going on. Maybe they overslept and are now scrambling to get out the door. They also probably feel bad that their situation is going to hold you up as well. You offer to help. They ask you to go into their room and get their jacket. You go into their room and find lots of cloths in piles on the floor, on the bed, on the chair, and scattered around the rest of the room. More cloths hang out of open drawers and even more are haphazardly tossed into the closet.
What would you do?
You have a few options here...
1. Turn around and say, "Nope..."
2. Go ask them where the jacket is (hopefully they remember)
3. Start digging...you'll find it eventually
Now, imagine this same scenario, but instead, when you enter their room, everything is put away and organized. There's a chest of drawers with each one closed and labeled, "Socks and Underwear", "Pants", "Pajamas", and stuff hung up neatly in the closet.
How much easier would it be to find that jacket now?
This example illustrates similar things developers go through when working on projects.
Opening a new code file is like walking into that friend's room. It can be welcoming, or it can be stressful and overwhelming. Open 100 files (or more!) in a day, and that stress and overwhelmingness is only compounded.
Finding and/or updating a particular feature or piece of functionality is like looking for your friend's jacket. You'll definitely find it, but how much time and effort are you going to spend looking for it or figuring it out? Now think about how many "jackets" you look for in a day...or in a week.
Now consider a much larger mess. Rather than just "1 bedroom", what about a multi-room house? An entire dorm? Or a warehouse? Somewhere with lots of room, lots of stuff, and multiple people making messes in different ways? This is similar to working with a team on a large project with thousands or even tens of thousands of files. With this in mind, let's now circle back to our original question...
**Why do we need clean code?**
Short answer...we don't. Much like the example of looking through your friend's messy, disorganized room, we can still get the job done with messy, disorganized code. **But it comes at a cost.** The time it takes to do things in the project increases. It takes more energy and cognitive effort to follow and understand the various pieces of the mess. It's harder to know how long something will take, or how much effort will be needed. And it's much easier to miss or break things. There's also the impact it has personally.
For me, if I spend a whole day working in a messy, chaotic code base where I had to invest tons of cognitive effort for every single thing I did, I'm beat at the end of the day and have little to no mental energy left for other things. And I'm the kind of person who really enjoys working on side projects on my free time.
On the other hand, if I spend a day working on code that's formatted neatly, organized well, and I'm able to focus more on the task than on trying to understand the mess that already exists, I can tell a drastic difference. I don't feel nearly as drained. My mood is improved, and I'm just generally better off.
Now, I haven't done a statistically significant analysis on the topic, but I've at least talked with other developers about it, and it seems that many others experience something similar.
Additionally, our brains are natural pattern detecters, and we can't help but identify things that stand out from the patterns of our everyday environments. So when reading through a code file, our brains instinctively notice variations in the patterns of the code. Even if something as small as indentation is off pattern, our brains will get side tracked paying attention to the difference rather than the original task of finding that thing you were looking for (unless you were looking for invalid indentation of course 😆). Let's take a look at a quick example to illustrate this...
```html
<input
id="my-input"
type="number"
class="light large"
min="0"
max="100"
placeholder="Enter a number"
/>
```
Now, how quickly did you notice the thing that broke the pattern? For many, it's one of the first things they notice and it's where their eyes are naturally drawn. But what if I was actually trying to find the class attribute so I could update it? This break in the pattern drew my attention away from that task, even for just a moment. Now multiply this by hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of lines of code in a single day. Do you see how much ping-ponging your brain could be doing when looking at "messy" code?
So all this is to say, *it's just better to write clean, well organized code*.
## Why does "dirty" code get written in the first place?
There are lots of arguments, reasons, and excuses why "dirty code" gets written. In this section, let's take a look at 3 of the most common ones I've heard, and dig into them a bit. Maybe some of them will sound familiar...
### I was in a hurry and didn't have time to make it neat.
I get it. In today's work climate, sometimes timelines are tight. Sometimes emergencies come up, like a bug that's severely impacting sales, or preventing someone from being able to do their job and we have to get a fix rolled out quickly. Or maybe a feature needs to be released ASAP in order for a deal with a big client to close. I get it.
HOWEVER...
In my experience, writing clean code doesn't take all that much time...especially if it was prioritized before the "emergency" came up. When I say prioritized, I mean *some* investment was made. Like taking the time to set up code linters and formatters. Agreeing on (and documenting) a set of basic rules around structure and organization of the code. Setting up automations in the CI. Or making it part of the PR process where all team members are expected to enforce clean code standards before it can be merged. If investments like these are made up front, when those emergencies do come up, the "dirty" code that gets written isn't generally as bad. Maybe it'll be lacking in some documentation. Maybe the naming could have been more clear. Perhaps it could have been structured in a better way. But it's at least readable and semi-consistent with the rest of the codebase.
### I just copied the code from another file.
I've always thought of this as the developer way of answering our parent's question, "If your friends jumped off a bridge, would you?". Apparently our answer is "Yes"!
But more seriously though, this is actually a really good example of the [broken window effect](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/304465/) which states, “One unrepaired broken window is a signal that no one cares, and so breaking more windows costs nothing.”. The theory was originally focused on how disorder in an environment relates to and leads to crime, but it's principles have been applied to many other areas in the world. So this justification is a development example of someone "breaking a window" and justifying it because another window (file) was already broken.
So how do we stop more windows getting broken? Simple...fix the first "broken window". The longer bad code sits in a code base, the more likely it is that more bad code will be introduced. Whether that's from copy and pasting, or simply because that's the example set for other devs to follow. Fixing 1 window can prevent many other windows from being broken.
### I just want to get this done. I'll circle back and clean it up later.
Oof, I've heard this one a lot over the years. But the sad truth is, that "circling back" often doesn't happen. People tend to move on to the next thing and the "dirty code" is left for the next dev to find.
Now, this reasoning could be linked to the first argument we discussed (lack of time) but this can also stem from other reasons as well. I see this a lot when the task is tedious, when the dev has a lot of stuff they're juggling, or when they've been working on the same thing for a long time and are just ready to move on to something different. Unfortunately, since the reason can differ, so can the recommended solution.
If the reason is *work load* or *time* related, I almost always suggest delegation. Of course figuring out what task(s) get passed off to who depends on the nature of the work. But in general, if it's a decision of keeping the current workload on the dev and accepting "dirty" code as a result, or taking time to move things around so the dev can write "good" code, my answer is almost always the later.
If the reason is *motivation* related, and time isn't as much of a factor, I usually suggest taking a break from the task. Go work on something else that will help pick that motivation back up, and come back to the original task later. This may not always be possible, but I find it to be a much better option than accepting messy code that's going to cause more problems down the road.
## What does clean code look like?
So we've discussed why clean code is better, and approaches we can take to avoid "dirty" code. But what does "clean" code actually look like? This a very large topic that contains much more than a single blog post can contain, but if I could choose just 1 word to describe the idea, that word would be "Consistent".
Regardless of what rules you choose to follow...tabs use 2 spaces or 4, class methods are listed alphabetically or grouped by function, helper functions live inside `/lib`, `/utils`, or you don't allow a helper library at all, the list goes on and on...the important thing is consistency. Regardless of what file you open in a codebase, it should follow a consistent pattern so everyone immediately knows where to look to find what they're looking for in a *consistent format*. As we've seen, even small deviations can have compounding effects.
I don't want to go down too much of a rabbit hole of analyzing all kinds of rules and approaches here. Nor do I want to start any arguments over which pattern or approach is better. But there are a couple of things I see a lot that I think are worth calling out because they tend to not only exacerbate the issues we've discussed, but also cause additional issues.
### Chains and Attributes Formatting
Something I see a lot, especially when people are trying to move rapidly, is inconsistent method chaining and html attributes formatting. Some lines will have 2 or 3 links in the hain, the next line will have 1, and the next line will have 3 or 4. Here are a couple examples of what I mean...
```html
<button
id="my-button" class="light large"
data-testid="my-button"
type="button" on:click={doSomething} disabled={!processing}>
Click Me</button>
```
```php
$output = $example->doSomething()->getSomeData("query")
->parseTheData("some property", 999)
->logTheData()->getMoreData()->filterTheNewData()->parseTheFilteredData()
->doSomethingElse($someVar < 20);
```
```typescript
const data = await getData(5, 20).then(res => res.json())
.then(data => data.myThings)
.then(data => data.someProp.filter(x => x < 20)).then(data => data.reduce((x, sum) => (x.otherProp + sum), 0))).catch(err => console.log(err));
```
This kind of formatting is very inconvenient for other developers to read. Rather than being able to quickly scan code to find specific things that are needed, developers have to carefully read every line in order to know what's being called or applied and in what order.
I beg you, do not do this to your fellow developers! 🥺
A better way to write chains and attributes is either for all links to be on 1 line (if there are only a small few) or each link is on it's own line.
Here is what the above examples would look like following this pattern:
```html
<button
id="my-button"
class="light large"
data-testid="my-button"
type="button"
on:click={doSomething}
disabled={!processing}
>
Click Me
</button>
```
```php
$output = $example->doSomething()
->getSomeData("query")
->parseTheData("some property", 999)
->logTheData()
->getMoreData()
->filterTheNewData()
->parseTheFilteredData()
->doSomethingElse($someVar < 20);
```
```typescript
const data = await getData(5, 20)
.then(res => res.json())
.then(data => data.myThings)
.then(data => data.someProp.filter(x => x < 20))
.then(data => data.reduce((x, sum) => (x.otherProp + sum), 0)))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
```
There we go! That's so much easier to read and would be much easier to find what I'm looking for if I was reading someone else's code!
### Function/Method Organizing
Another thing that can take up a lot of time is searching for a particular function or method within a file. Sometimes you just want to see what's available. Other times you might be looking for something specific. But if those functions or methods aren't organized or in any kind of order, it can take lots of time to find what you're looking for, or can cause you to miss or overlook things.
There are of course different ways to handle this. I'm partial to ordering things alphabetically. But regardless of the method you choose...I would highly encourage you to pick some way of organizing and ordering your functions and methods and do that for *all files*. This way, whether it's you, or another developer working on the project, no matter what file it is, everyone knows how things are organized and are able to find what their looking for much more quickly and easily.
### Naming
Naming is super important in coding and can either save lots of time and effort, or cause lots of lost time and cause increased effort.
When things are named well, developers reading the code don't have to look elsewhere to figure out what something is or does. But when things *aren't* named well, developers have to hunt through the code to first try and figure out what that thing is or does before they can continue with what they were originally working on...and depending on the complexity of the code, this could take a good chunk of time.
Let's look at one or two examples of actual code I've encountered to illustrate what I mean here...
```typescript
const user: string;
```
Just reading this Typescript variable declaration, can you tell what it holds? I'm guessing you would have to go look through the rest of the code to figure out that it's actually the user's name being displayed in the UI.
```php
public function users(array $args): array {
// ...
}
```
What about this PHP method? Can you tell what it does without looking at any other code? Maybe you would guess that it returns an array of users...but would you have guessed that it returns only an array of verified users?
Anyways, I could go on, but instead, let's try to think positive. How could we have named these things better so that we can save other developers (and ourselves in a few months after we've forgotten what we wrote) time not having to hunt down the meanings of these things? To help with this, I generally have 2 suggestions.
#### 1. Don't be afraid to get verbose
There's nothing wrong with having long variable|function|method|class|etc names if they accurately convey what they represent. In the first example above, a clearer name could have been something like `userNameToDisplay`. It's much longer than the original, but this new, more verbose name leaves no questions about what it holds. No need to go look elsewhere to figure out what this thing will hold.
I've seen variables names that were much, much longer than this, and as silly as it may have looked in the code, it was really clear exactly what was going on in the code and saved our team lots of time every single day.
#### 2. Fit your names into a sentence
This may seem a bit silly, but it can really help to try and use your names in a sentence. If it can't fit nicely into a sentence, maybe that's a sign to rethink the name. A few examples of this could be:
> "This variable holds the ..."
> "This function is used to ..."
If we consider our examples above...
> "This variable holds the user."
This sentence makes sense, but it doesn't accurately describe what the variable actually holds. Does this variable hold the user? Since it's a string, it doesn't sound like this is accurate. Let's try again...
> "This variable holds the user name to display in the UI."
That sounds much better. I can clearly tell what this variable is holding now...so now we just smoosh the words together... `userNameToDisplay` or `userNameToDisplayInTheUI`. Either of these would be very clear to anyone reading the code exactly what the variable holds and what it's purpose is.
Let's try the second example...
> "This function is used to users."
Hmmm...that's pretty bad. It doesn't make sense at all! Let's try again.
> "This function is used to get users."
That's a little better...But I think we can still be more clear.
> "This function is used to get verified users from the database."
Ah, there we go! That's much better. Now we smoosh the words together... `getVerifiedUsers` or `getVerifiedUsersFromDB`. Both of these names are great examples of clean code, leaving no questions as to what the function does...unless you're question is, "What's a '*verified*' user?"...this is additional context that would be needed to understand this function. And that is where *comments* come in!
### Comments
I've already written a [blog post](https://dev.to/wraith/my-3-rules-for-documenting-code-2f54) on documenting code so I'm not going to go crazy here. But basically, comments should be used to provide additional context and answer the "Why" questions. But here, I want to focus specifically on what comments should (and should not) look like in the context of *clean code*.
In general, if a comment can't add additional, *helpful* context, it shouldn't be written. That's not to say that I am against comments...quite the contrary! I LOVE comments...but they need to serve a purpose. Comments can take up a lot of space in a file, and can take some focus away from the actual code. As we saw earlier, our brains are natural pattern detecters. So if we're reading through code and encounter a block of text that's a different color and prefixed with `*` or `//` which is different than everything else around it, we're naturally going to be distracted by it, if even for just a moment. We may skim what it says, or read it carefully. Either way, it's taking attention away from the code, so there needs to be a good reason for doing that.
So in general, if a comment can't offer anything in addition to the name and code, then just leave it out.
Let's take a look at some examples of code I've encountered to help illustrate what I mean here...
```php
/**
* The company
*
* @return Company
*/
public Company $company;
```
Is there anything in this comment that the declaration of this property doesn't already state? I would personally argue, no. And if it's not adding any additional value, why are we taking up 5 extra lines in our file?!
```typescript
// check if user has an email
if (user.email) {
...
}
```
Here's another example of a comment that doesn't provide additional value. The `if` statement it's documenting is short, concise, and easy to understand, so the comment isn't adding much of anything to our code other than just taking up space and causing a distraction.
Now, sometimes there are requirements that things always be documented. Maybe it's not necessary for you, but there are standards that need to be upheld for some other reason. In these cases, I highly recommend you search for some way to add additional information. Take our first example. There's probably *some* additional context that could be provided for others here. Maybe something like...
```php
/**
* The currently selected company the user is editing.
*
* ...
*/
```
Maybe this information is already obvious to you, but it provides more information about what this property is that could prove helpful to other developers so maybe they don't have to look elsewhere to find where it's being used.
So please do yourself and your fellow developers a favor. Add comments where they will add additional value|information|context. If they can't do that, just leave them out. If you *have* to include them, don't half a** it. Take the time to at least make those comments useful.
## Conclusion
Wow, we covered a lot!
Throughout this post, we saw examples of how "dirty" code severely impacts our efficiency and productivity. We learned about the benefits that clean code offers, and we also looked at some specific examples of how we could turn "dirty" code into clean code.
As you continue your development career, you'll likely form your own opinions and preferences about how to write, structure, and organize your code. It's also very likely that those preferences and opinions will differ from other developer's. So when working on any project, it's my opinion that the most important contributing factor to writing clean code is *consistency*. Some of the hardest projects I've ever worked on were more challenging than they needed to be simply because there was no consistency across the application. So if your opinions differ from someone else's, communicate. Find a common ground or come to an agreement that all of you will follow to ensure the health and growth of the project as it grows.
Thanks for taking the time to learn with me! Until next time, Happy Hacking! | wraith |
1,901,310 | UI Libraries in React | UI libraries that can create aesthetically pleasing websites are what every developer looks for.... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:52:55 | https://medium.com/@shariq.ahmed525/ui-libraries-in-react-2c3fe5046e6d | javascript, react, reactjsdevelopment | UI libraries that can create aesthetically pleasing websites are what every developer looks for. These libraries not only help developers but also make life easier for users by enabling them to navigate the system quickly. So, what are some great UI libraries that developers can use with React.js? Let’s see them one by one.
Before that, it’s imperative to understand what React UI component libraries are. These libraries are **collections of pre-coded user-interface elements. ** The elements included in component libraries are buttons, cards, tables, etc. Ultimately, they help developers ensure quick development and prototyping.
Now, let’s see some of the best React UI Component Libraries.
**Chakra UI**
It’s one of the simpler UI libraries loved by almost every developer because of its modular and accessible components. It is built on top of React UI primitives. Moreover, to ensure that all components are accessible, Chakra UI uses WAI-ARIA guidelines. Some pros of using Chakra UI include:
- Responsive components
- Availability of stack components
- Dark mode
- Multiple color modes
- Custom values
But why should you use it over others? Chakra UI's main focus is accessibility. This ensures that the app you build is usable by everyone. Additionally, it emphasizes simplicity. This might also be why it’s popular. As of today, Chakra UI has more than 37k stars on GitHub.
**Prime React**
Another library that developers love to use is PrimeReact. It is an open-source front-end library that helps in building responsive websites. However, for beginners, it’s challenging to learn. Some also call it the underdog because it’s not very popular. Part of the reason might be marketing. On GitHub, it has 6.1k stars. Why do I love this library? Developers don’t need to install extra packages to accomplish tasks. They can do a lot with just the library.
Some pros of using PrimeReact include:
- Data table components
- Customizable templates and themes
- Responsiveness
- Better accessibility
**NextUI**
Another library that is popular in React.js is NextUI. It is renowned for its flexible nature and performance. NextUI is particularly recommended for building landing pages quickly. Moreover, NextUI offers immediate styling and components that developers can use after making some edits. It’s built on top of TailWind CSS and React Aria. Some advantages of NextUI include:
- Gentle learning curve
- Use of high-quality and customizable components
- Adherence to WAI-ARIA guidelines
- Well-scaled default dark theme
- Lazy loading (helpful for app performance)
- Support for internationalization
- Form validation
**Semantic UI**
If you prefer a library that is full of pre-built components then you need to use semantic UI. Some of the advantages of using Semantic UI include:
- Auto-controlled state
- Shorthand props
- Augmentation
- Customization of themes
- Community support
**Ant Design**
If you want to build enterprise applications, then go for Ant Design. This is because this UI library has many features that can make applications accessible as well as scalable. In fact, the reason it is too popular is because it has good performance and accessibility. Moreover, it gives developers the ability to tailor design elements as well. There are varying internalisation tools, too. The best part about Ant Design is that it enables the creation of a minimalist website. Ant Design focuses more on simplicity and consistency.
- Typescript friendly
- Comprehensive
- Best (if you have to take a lot of input)
- Variety and customization
- Thorough documentation | shariqahmed525 |
1,901,309 | Part 2: Mastering Prompts and Language Models with LangChain | Part 2: Mastering Prompts and Language Models with LangChain In the previous part of our... | 27,162 | 2024-06-26T12:51:19 | https://dev.to/jamesbmour/part-2-mastering-prompts-and-language-models-with-langchain-2667 | python, llm, langchain, vectordatabase | # Part 2: Mastering Prompts and Language Models with LangChain
In the previous part of our LangChain tutorial series, we introduced the core components of the library. Now, let's dive deeper into two essential aspects of building LangChain applications: prompts and language models (LLMs). You'll learn how to create effective prompts, integrate various LLMs, and customize them for your specific use cases.
## Introduction to Prompt Engineering
Prompt engineering is the art of designing and crafting input prompts that guide the behavior of LLMs to generate desired outputs. Well-crafted prompts are crucial for obtaining high-quality and relevant responses from LLMs.
LangChain provides the `PromptTemplate` class to create structured and dynamic prompts. With `PromptTemplate`, you can define a template string that includes input variables, which can be dynamically populated with specific values when the prompt is executed.
### Example: Creating a Basic Prompt Template
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate
template = "Translate the following English text to {target_language}: {text}"
prompt = PromptTemplate(template=template, input_variables=["target_language", "text"])
# Using the prompt with input values
formatted_prompt = prompt.format(target_language="Spanish", text="Hello, how are you?")
print(formatted_prompt)
```
This would output:
```
Translate the following English text to Spanish: Hello, how are you?
```
## Designing Effective Prompts
To create effective prompts, consider the following best practices and principles:
1. **Clarity and Specificity**: Be clear and specific about the task or question you want the LLM to address.
2. **Dynamic and Reusable**: Use input variables to make your prompts dynamic and reusable across different inputs.
3. **Context and Examples**: Provide sufficient context and examples to guide the LLM towards the desired output format and style.
4. **Experimentation**: Experiment with different prompt variations and assess their impact on the generated responses.
### Example: Summarization Prompt
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate
summarization_template = "Summarize the following text in {num_sentences} sentences: {text}"
summarization_prompt = PromptTemplate(template=summarization_template, input_variables=["num_sentences", "text"])
# Using the summarization prompt
formatted_prompt = summarization_prompt.format(num_sentences=3, text="Artificial intelligence is transforming the world in various sectors including healthcare, finance, and transportation...")
print(formatted_prompt)
```
### Example: Question-Answering Prompt
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate
qa_template = "Answer the following question based on the provided context:\nContext: {context}\nQuestion: {question}\nAnswer:"
qa_prompt = PromptTemplate(template=qa_template, input_variables=["context", "question"])
# Using the question-answering prompt
formatted_prompt = qa_prompt.format(context="The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, France.", question="Where is the Eiffel Tower located?")
print(formatted_prompt)
```
### Example: Translation Prompt
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate
translation_template = "Translate the following text from {source_language} to {target_language}: {text}"
translation_prompt = PromptTemplate(template=translation_template, input_variables=["source_language", "target_language", "text"])
# Using the translation prompt
formatted_prompt = translation_prompt.format(source_language="English", target_language="French", text="Good morning!")
print(formatted_prompt)
```
## Integrating Language Models
LangChain supports various LLMs, including OpenAI, Hugging Face, Cohere, and more. To integrate an LLM into your LangChain application, you need to create an instance of the corresponding LLM class.
### Example: Integrating OpenAI
```python
from langchain.llms import OpenAI
# Creating an instance of the OpenAI LLM
llm = OpenAI(model_name="text-davinci-002", temperature=0.7)
# Using the LLM with a prompt
response = llm("Translate the following English text to Spanish: Hello, how are you?")
print(response)
```
When selecting an LLM, consider factors such as the specific task requirements, model capabilities, performance, and cost. LangChain provides a consistent interface across different LLMs, making it easy to switch between them as needed.
### Example: Integrating Hugging Face
```python
from langchain.llms import HuggingFacePipeline
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
# Creating an instance of the Hugging Face LLM
model_id = "gpt2"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id)
llm = HuggingFacePipeline(model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
# Using the LLM with a prompt
response = llm("Translate the following English text to French: Good morning!")
print(response)
```
## Customizing and Fine-Tuning LLMs
In some cases, you may want to fine-tune an LLM to improve its performance on a specific task or domain. Fine-tuning involves training the LLM on a smaller dataset relevant to your use case, allowing it to adapt to the specific language patterns and knowledge required.
### Example: Fine-Tuning with Hugging Face
```python
from langchain.llms import HuggingFacePipeline
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TrainingArguments, Trainer
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load a dataset
dataset = load_dataset('text', data_files={'train': 'path/to/your/train.txt', 'test': 'path/to/your/test.txt'})
# Fine-tuning configurations
training_args = TrainingArguments(
output_dir="./results",
evaluation_strategy="epoch",
learning_rate=2e-5,
per_device_train_batch_size=4,
num_train_epochs=3,
weight_decay=0.01,
)
# Fine-tune the model
model_id = "gpt2"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id)
trainer = Trainer(
model=model,
args=training_args,
train_dataset=dataset['train'],
eval_dataset=dataset['test'],
)
trainer.train()
# Integrate the fine-tuned model
llm = HuggingFacePipeline(model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
# Using the fine-tuned model
response = llm("Translate the following English text to German: Good morning!")
print(response)
```
## Advanced Prompting Techniques
LangChain offers advanced prompting techniques to enhance the capabilities of your LLMs. One such technique is incorporating external knowledge using document loaders and vector stores.
### Document Loaders and Vector Stores
Document loaders allow you to load and process external data sources, such as web pages, PDF files, or databases. Vector stores enable efficient similarity search over the loaded documents, helping you retrieve relevant information based on the input query.
```python
from langchain.document_loaders import WebBaseLoader
from langchain.indexes import VectorstoreIndexCreator
# Loading documents from a webpage
loader = WebBaseLoader("https://example.com")
index = VectorstoreIndexCreator().from_loaders([loader])
# Querying the index
query = "What are the key features of the product?"
docs = index.similarity_search(query)
for doc in docs:
print(doc)
```
### Controlling Output Style and Structure
Another advanced technique is controlling the output style, structure, and length of the generated responses. You can achieve this by providing examples or templates within your prompts that demonstrate the desired output format.
```python
from langchain import PromptTemplate
product_description_template = """
Generate a product description based on the following information:
Product: {product_name}
Key features: {features}
Competitor analysis: {competitor_info}
Product Description:
"""
prompt = PromptTemplate(template=product_description_template, input_variables=["product_name", "features", "competitor_info"])
# Using the prompt with detailed input
formatted_prompt = prompt.format(
product_name="Super Blender",
features="High-speed motor, Multiple blending modes",
competitor_info="Similar products in the market lack advanced features."
)
print(formatted_prompt)
```
## Managing Prompts and Responses
When working with LLMs, it's important to handle prompts and responses effectively. LangChain provides methods to send prompts to LLMs and retrieve the generated responses.
### Example: Sending Prompts and Handling Responses
```python
# Using the OpenAI LLM with a detailed prompt
response = llm(formatted_prompt)
print(response)
```
To ensure robustness, implement error-handling mechanisms to handle scenarios such as timeouts or invalid responses. LangChain provides utilities for parsing and processing LLM output, making it easier to extract relevant information for downstream tasks.
### Example: Parsing Responses with Regex
```python
from langchain.output_parsers import RegexParser
# Define a regex parser to extract the product description
parser = RegexParser(regex=r"Product Description:\s*(.*)")
parsed_output = parser.parse(response)
print(parsed_output)
```
In the next part of this tutorial series, we'll explore how to combine prompts and LLMs with chains and agents to build more complex and interactive applications.
Stay tuned for Part 3, where we'll dive into the world of chains and agents in LangChain!
Leave comments with what you would like me to cover next.
If you would like to support me or buy me a beer feel free to join my Patreon [jamesbmour](patreon.com/Jamesbmour) | jamesbmour |
1,900,803 | Processos de código - Introdução. | Que a construção de software não é um processo convencional até o mais novato desenvolvedor sabe,... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:51:18 | https://dev.to/loremimpsu/processos-de-codigo-introducao-mpk | 100daysofcode, softwareengineering, softwaredevelopment |
Que a construção de software não é um processo convencional até o mais novato desenvolvedor sabe, porém a complexidade dessa tarefa é elevada a um nível diferente quando se envolve dois ou mais desenvolvedores em um time. Surge a necessidade de um método que ajude ao time a desenvolver de maneira coordenada e sempre entregar resultados.
Nos primórdios do desenvolvimento, tínhamos o método Waterfall (em cascata), que era baseado no desenvolvimento fordista (sim, dos carros) de construção de produto. O método consistia em seguir um único ciclo de desenvolvimento, do começo ao fim do produto. Um escopo fechado de funcionalidades e ações que o software iria realizar sendo desenvolvidos em um longo espaço de tempo.
Na época, o desenvolvimento de software era equiparado a uma construção de engenharia, como uma construção civil ou mecânica. Porém a natureza do software é dinâmica, mutável e previsível a falha (se é possível falhar, irá falhar.[Lei de Murphy](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Murphy)), esse método de desenvolvimento em equipe foi péssimo em rendimento, falhando tanto em orçamento quanto em estimativa de tempo para a entrega.
Os níveis de falha foram agressivos, em 1994 uma empresa consultoria Standish Group deixou público um estudo que ficou comumente conhecido como CHAOS Report, no artigo mostrava dados de 20 anos de desenvolvimento pelo modelo waterfall mostrando claramente que havia falhas e modificações em grande parte dos projetos finalizados (quem imaginaria?)
> Fato interessante: essa mesma consultoria continuou realizando o CHAOS Report nos anos consecutivos. Demonstrando o avanço de métodos de gerenciamento de software durante os anos.
Diante dessa merda generalizada, um grupo de dinossauros... digo, profissionais de TI experientes juntaram-se e levantaram a ideia de uma metodologia que mais se encaixaria com a atividade de construção de software. Nasce dessa lombra o **Movimento ágil**. Desse momento em diante, o rumo da fabricação de software mudou completamente. O manifesto que esses caras criaram nada mais é que um conjuntinho de ideias do que é a construção de um software real e como se deve seguir.
Pode parecer coisas obvieis hoje, mas há 23 anos atrás, projetos de software eram descartados pelo risco de sempre falharem e um dos motivos era tentar encaixar o software como um desenvolvimento padrão de qualquer engenharia.
A metodologia ágil é um conjunto genérico de dicas, tipo "beba mais água para melhorar a saúde", porém são características genéricas dos métodos mais famosos de desenvolvimento ágil. Extremming Programming, Scrum e Kanbam. Falarei um pouco mais nos próximos dias.
___
Bom, esse foi um resumo do meu estudo no desafio de 100 dias de código. Eu estudei pelo livro [Engenharia de software moderna](https://amzn.to/3VYNMLe) do Professor Marco Tulio Valente. É um ótimo livro introdutório para assuntos corriqueiros no dia-a-dia de desenvolvimento de software.
> [1/100] dias de código
| loremimpsu |
1,901,278 | Day 22 of 30 of JavaScript | Hey reader👋 Hope you are doing well😊 In the last post we have talked about Asynchronous JavaScript.... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:45:13 | https://dev.to/akshat0610/day-22-of-30-of-javascript-2omi | webdev, javascript, beginners, tutorial | Hey reader👋 Hope you are doing well😊
In the last post we have talked about Asynchronous JavaScript. In this post we are going to discuss about Callbacks.
So let's get started🔥
## Callbacks in JavaScript
A callback is a function passed as an argument to another function, which gets invoked after the main function completes its execution.
We first define a `mainFunction` that takes a callback as an argument.The `mainFunction` uses `setTimeout` to simulate an asynchronous operation. The `setTimeout` function takes two arguments: a callback function and a delay time in milliseconds.The `setTimeout` function calls the callback function with the result of the operation after the specified delay time.
We then define a `callbackFunction` that logs the result of the operation. Finally, we call the `mainFunction` with the `callbackFunction` as its argument.
Callbacks are useful in Asynchronous Programming. These executes without blocking the code.
So here you can see that `setTimeout` is executing in background and the rest of the code is working alongside.
You can understand it in a way that when you load a website, images can take a while to load, especially if they’re large. If images were loaded synchronously, the website would freeze and wait for each image to load before continuing. With callbacks, you can load the images asynchronously, which means that the website continues to load while the images are being loaded in the background.
## Callback Hell
Now you know that callbacks are very important in Asynchronous Programming but these too have a disadvantage and i.e. Callback Hell.
> Callback hell in Javascript occurs when multiple callbacks are nested inside each other, leads to create a complex and hard-to-manage code. Which makes it difficult to follow the flow of the program.
It is also known as "Pyramid of doom".
Here `getUserData` takes a username that is dependent on the `article` list or needs to be extracted `getArticles` response which is inside the article. `getAddress` also has a similar dependency, which is dependent on the `getUserData's` response. This situation is called callback hell.
The deep nesting of callbacks make the code difficult to read and maintain.
To avoid callback hell, we can use a more modern way of handling async operations known as promises.As using promises the next task will get executed only when the previous one is executed.
Here until the first task is not resolved the next will not be executed.
I hope you have understood callbacks and the problem with callbacks well. In the next blog we will see more about Promises and Async/Await. Till then stay connected and don't forget to follow me.
Thankyou 🩵 | akshat0610 |
1,901,307 | Looking for Senior Python developer job. | I am a senior developer with 5 years of experience in python. | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:38:34 | https://dev.to/sankar_puvvada/looking-for-senior-python-developer-job-42c1 | I am a senior developer with 5 years of experience in python. | sankar_puvvada | |
1,901,305 | Discover the Healing Benefits of Natural Hammam Spa | Introduction: In today's fast-paced world, finding time to relax and rejuvenate is essential. One of... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:34:44 | https://dev.to/abitamim_patel_7a906eb289/discover-the-healing-benefits-of-natural-hammam-spa-48o0 | Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, finding time to relax and rejuvenate is essential. One of the most effective and enjoyable ways to do this is by visiting a **[Natural Hammam Spa](https://spa.trakky.in/ahmedabad/shahibag/spas/nathamahm)**. Rooted in centuries-old traditions, the Hammam experience offers a unique blend of cleansing, relaxation, and health benefits. Let's delve into what makes the Natural Hammam Spa a must-visit for anyone looking to enhance their well-being.
The Ancient Rituals of Hammam:
The Hammam, also known as a Turkish or Moroccan bath, dates back to the Roman times and has been a cornerstone of Middle Eastern and North African cultures. The ritual begins in a warm room where you can relax and allow your muscles to loosen. This is followed by a full-body scrub with a traditional Kessa glove and black soap, which exfoliates the skin and removes impurities. The process ends with a relaxing massage and a rinse in cool water, leaving you feeling refreshed and revitalized.
Health Benefits of Hammam Spa:
Detoxification: The heat and steam in the Hammam help open up pores and promote sweating, which aids in the removal of toxins from the body.
Improved Circulation: The alternation between hot and cold treatments stimulates blood flow, which can improve cardiovascular health and boost energy levels.
Skin Health: The exfoliation process removes dead skin cells, resulting in smoother, more radiant skin. It also helps to unclog pores and reduce acne.
Muscle Relaxation: The heat relaxes tense muscles, which can alleviate pain and improve overall flexibility.
Mental Relaxation: The calming environment and soothing treatments can significantly reduce stress and promote a sense of peace and well-being.
What to Expect During Your Visit:
When you arrive at a Natural Hammam Spa, you will be greeted by a serene and inviting atmosphere. The spa staff will guide you through the entire process, ensuring you are comfortable and relaxed. Here is a step-by-step overview of what you can expect:
Warm-Up: Start in a warm room to acclimate your body to the heat.
Steam Bath: Spend time in the steam room to open up your pores.
Full-Body Scrub: A therapist will use a Kessa glove and black soap to exfoliate your skin.
Rinse: After the scrub, you'll rinse off with cool water.
Massage: Enjoy a relaxing massage to soothe your muscles.
Rest: Finish with a period of relaxation to absorb the benefits of the treatment.
Conclusion:
A visit to a **[Natural Hammam Spa](https://spa.trakky.in/ahmedabad/shahibag/spas/nathamahm)** is more than just a spa day; it's an immersive experience that combines ancient traditions with modern wellness practices. Whether you're looking to detoxify, improve your skin, or simply relax, a Hammam spa treatment offers a holistic approach to health and well-being. Treat yourself to this rejuvenating experience and discover the profound benefits it can bring to your body and mind. | abitamim_patel_7a906eb289 | |
1,901,304 | All About JavaScript Object | Here I am trying to elaborate on JavaScript Arrays features and built-in methods. I believe... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:30:42 | https://dev.to/azadulkabir455/all-about-javascript-object-25an | ## Here I am trying to elaborate on JavaScript Arrays features and built-in methods. I believe you can find this useful.
Please click the below link to read this Article
🚀 Link: [Article Link](https://shorturl.at/5JetU)
Follow more articles like this follow me.
🚀Link: [Azad Ul Kabir](https://www.linkedin.com/in/azadulkabir/)
| azadulkabir455 | |
1,900,668 | Flutter liveness: 300% performance enhance | Stepping forward!! Hello there again! I'm glad to be here sharing results and great improvements. If... | 27,768 | 2024-06-26T12:28:51 | https://dev.to/jodamco/flutter-liveness-300-performance-enhance-3kkh | flutter, android, machinelearning, learning | **Stepping forward!!**
Hello there again! I'm glad to be here sharing results and great improvements. If you're short of time and only want to know how to improve your app performance I recommend you [peek at the code here](https://github.com/jodamco/gmlkit_liveness/blob/main/lib/presentation/widgets/custom_face_detector/worker.dart) and check out [this Flutter doc](https://dart.dev/language/isolates) about Isolates. On the other hand, if you want to know the full story, I invite you to sit comfortably and drop your comments around.
## The UI has changed
In the [last article](https://dev.to/jodamco/a-journey-to-flutter-liveness-pt1-4164) from this series, we ended up with a simple screen with just a Widget live streaming the camera and a custom painter to draw a square where the face was located. I decided to enhance it a bit and provide a few things:
- Start and Stop buttons (or anything similar) so I could start and top the process without hot-reloading the app. This was needed mainly because constant camera usage and processing consumes a lot of battery and I had to recharge my phone a few times during the development 😅.
- Remove painters and provide something less visually invasive.
- Export statistics and data from the face detection layer to the parent so it may decide what to do with it, meaning which widgets to paint or display on top of the camera live stream.
I planned it a bit (the sketch above is only here as proof) and decided to use routes to control start and stop by navigating between the **_live data stream page_** and the **_home page_**. Also, as a substitute for the square around my face, I decided to use a cube positioned with the angles captured by the face detector.
With some sort of design in hand I started to code the changes and get to the result with few difficulties. The interaction between the face detector layer and its parent was made using callbacks. This made things simpler than using any other state manager with the drawback of making the parent have a specified callback (hence, no drawbacks hehehe). Once I had the data in a different layer I just needed to share it with other children.
For the cube, I used some [code from stack overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74369892/designing-cube-in-flutter) 🙃 (you can check the [final result here](https://github.com/jodamco/gmlkit_liveness/blob/main/lib/presentation/widgets/cube/cube.dart)). I code the graph using FlChart (which I found way too complicated for nothing) and the rest of the widgets were made using Text and spacing. The new UI ended up like this
Time to understand the performance-related problems of the app.
## Performance: the problem
Just as I finished the refactor of the UI and started to test the app, I noticed I had a "latency" of 700ms to run all the needed steps to generate the data from the live stream. Initially, I had a single Isolate being spaned with `Isolate.run()` running three main steps:
1. Parse of the ImageData from camera stream to InputImage, including the conversion from the `yuv_420_888` format to `n21`
2. Instantiate the `faceDetector` object since I had problems passing it down from the main Isolate to the spawned one.
3. Run the detection using the generated data.
This was doing great, but with this huge time I would lose too much head movement and the lack of data could compromise the decision around whether the face being detected is a person or just a photo moving around in front of the camera. Since [the first version](https://github.com/jodamco/gmlkit_liveness/commit/297b7054b5224a6f745dc99fb278c3839043fd62#diff-fd0b1f35b451fc5b3709009073f057f3bb1212b830c7d1ca43d96f581755802d) had some issues I had to work them out.
## Performance: first approach
My first thought was: split to conquer, divide the work with more isolates. With this in mind I refactored the code and the core change was refactoring `_processImage` into this
```
Future<void> _runAnalysisPipeline(CameraImageMetaData metaData) async {
if (_isBusy) return;
_isBusy = true;
final (analysisData) = await _processImage(metaData);
if (analysisData != null && widget.onAnalysisData != null) {
widget.onAnalysisData!(analysisData);
}
_isBusy = false;
}
Future<(InputImage, List<Face>)?> _processImage(
CameraImageMetaData metaData,
) async {
final inputImage = await parseMetaData(metaData);
if (inputImage == null ||
inputImage.metadata?.size == null ||
inputImage.metadata?.rotation == null) return null;
final faceList = await runFaceDetection(inputImage);
if (faceList.isEmpty) return null;
return (inputImage, faceList);
}
Future<InputImage?> parseMetaData(CameraImageMetaData metaData) async {
RootIsolateToken rootIsolateToken = RootIsolateToken.instance!;
return await Isolate.run<InputImage?>(() async {
BackgroundIsolateBinaryMessenger.ensureInitialized(rootIsolateToken);
final inputImage = metaData.inputImageFromCameraImageMetaData(metaData);
return inputImage;
});
}
Future<List<Face>> runFaceDetection(InputImage inputImage) async {
RootIsolateToken rootIsolateToken = RootIsolateToken.instance!;
return await Isolate.run<List<Face>>(() async {
BackgroundIsolateBinaryMessenger.ensureInitialized(rootIsolateToken);
final FaceDetector faceDetector = FaceDetector(
options: FaceDetectorOptions(
enableContours: true,
enableLandmarks: true,
enableTracking: true,
enableClassification: true
),
);
final faces = await faceDetector.processImage(inputImage);
await faceDetector.close();
return faces;
});
}
```
This code splits the function and uses two Isolates to handle the work. I admit I didn't think this through though. To run the detection I would need the InputImage parsed thus making me wait for it and I also didn't consider the operations related to the spawning and killing of an Isolate. I still think the refactor made it easier to read, **but it made the 'latency' go from ~700ms to ~1000ms**. It got worse!
To decide what to do next, I did some measurements and discovered I was spending too much time instantiating heavy objects and spawning the isolates, so I decided to get rid of them.
### Performance: long-lived Isolates!
Here things get interesting. During my first ever usage of Isolates in this project I went through the docs and chose the simpler approach: `Isolate.run`. This spawns the Isolate in a way you don't need to handle the communication between the main and the spawned Isolate. To solve my problem I just needed a long-lived Isolate (or worker Isolate). [This approach](https://dart.dev/language/isolates#robust-ports-example) has more complexity but it allows me to create the Isolate when my `faceDetection` layer is mounted and kill it on `dispose`, saving me spawn time between detections. Also, I could make it in a way that I was able to instantiate the `faceDetection` object within the isolate and save its instantiation time as well.
[These changes](https://github.com/jodamco/gmlkit_liveness/commit/e42f425f4d7275640a208b30eef00ebe5b32e481) granted me an average processing time (in debug mode) of **~340ms (an enhancement of almost 300%)**!!! The responsible for it is the [face detector worker](https://github.com/jodamco/gmlkit_liveness/commit/e42f425f4d7275640a208b30eef00ebe5b32e481#diff-daa402c18faa4e8307306ab780d095b3e4c064a90c155e3c4e0ab2987319bb0b) that hold all the logic to spawn, maintain and use the Isolate to run the steps I described before.
## Results
Let's do a recap of the results we have so far:
- Enabled the face detection and live streaming of data
- Provided visual feedback of the face Euler angles and facial expressions
- Measurement of detection performance
Regarding the performance, we have
- Initial average performance of 700ms
- **_Worsening of 42% with first refactor (from 700ms to 1000ms average)_**
- **Enhancement of 300% with Isolate worker approach (340ms average)**
Solving the detection time bottleneck was extremely necessary once, in the end, we will be performing mathematical operations to decide whether the variation of the angles is real or not. For this to be more accurate, we need more points on time **_during the tilt of the head_** in any direction and that's exactly where the time for detection is crucial.
So far, the achievements of this project are small, but the journey has been full of new concepts, techniques, and tools. Regarding the UI, the visual choices provided the opportunity to work with 3D figures, object transformation, and graphs which I didn't have the opportunity to build before using Flutter. As for the performance, to note the necessity and to be able to evolve from one approach to another was a fantastic chance to build up knowledge on how to handle the usage of Isolates with problems related to processing time.
## What's next
Now, I think we can start to build the liveness check. I have to re-read the '[base article](https://towardsdatascience.com/implementing-liveness-detection-with-google-ml-kit-5e8c9f6dba45)' I'm using to back up this whole idea and find out what steps I need to determine if a face is a live person or a photo. I'll also try some things related to the variation of the data (if not provided in the article as well) since I got the feeling that part of the parameter is related to the variation itself.
Don't be shy, let your comments out if you have any. | jodamco |
1,901,303 | The Evolution and Impact of Warehousing in Ahmedabad | Ahmedabad, a bustling city in the state of Gujarat, India, has emerged as a significant hub for... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:28:27 | https://dev.to/expressroadways/the-evolution-and-impact-of-warehousing-in-ahmedabad-2m4a | warehouseinahmedabad, warehouseforren, warehouseinindia, warehouse |
Ahmedabad, a bustling city in the state of Gujarat, India, has emerged as a significant hub for industry and commerce. One of the key pillars supporting this rapid economic growth is the warehousing sector. This article delves into the evolution, current state, and future prospects of warehousing in Ahmedabad, highlighting its crucial role in the region’s logistics and supply chain ecosystem.
## Historical Context
## Early Beginnings
The history of [**warehousing in Ahmedabad**](https://expressroadways.in/warehouse-for-rent-in-kheda-ahmedabad-gujarat.php) can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the city was a prominent center for textile manufacturing. Small, rudimentary warehouses were constructed to store raw materials like cotton and finished products such as textiles. These early warehouses were basic structures, often located near manufacturing units for easy access.
## Industrial Expansion
The industrial boom post-independence in 1947 saw a diversification in Ahmedabad’s economy. The need for more sophisticated and larger storage facilities grew with the rise of various industries including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and machinery. Warehouses evolved from simple storage spaces to more organized facilities with better infrastructure and security.
## Modern Warehousing: A New Era
## Technological Advancements
The 21st century ushered in an era of technological advancements that revolutionized warehousing in Ahmedabad. Modern warehouses are now equipped with state-of-the-art technology, including automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS), warehouse management systems (WMS), and advanced material handling equipment. These innovations have significantly improved efficiency, accuracy, and speed in warehousing operations.
Also Read: Navigating the World of Warehousing in Kolkata: A Comprehensive Guide
## Strategic Location
Ahmedabad’s strategic location is another factor contributing to its prominence as a warehousing hub. Situated on the crossroads of major national highways and in proximity to the ports of Kandla and Mundra, Ahmedabad serves as an ideal location for distribution centers. This strategic positioning reduces transit times and costs, enhancing the overall efficiency of the supply chain.
## Growth of E-commerce
The exponential growth of e-commerce has further boosted the warehousing sector in Ahmedabad. Companies like Amazon, Flipkart, and other e-commerce giants have established large fulfillment centers in the region to cater to the increasing demand for online shopping. These facilities are designed to handle high volumes of orders, ensuring quick and efficient delivery to customers.
## Types of Warehouses
## General Warehouses
General warehouses in Ahmedabad cater to a wide range of industries, providing storage for various goods including raw materials, finished products, and packaging materials. These warehouses are versatile and can be customized to meet specific storage requirements.
## Cold Storage Warehouses
The agricultural sector in Gujarat, known for producing fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, relies heavily on cold storage warehouses. These facilities maintain low temperatures to preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of perishable goods. Ahmedabad’s cold storage capacity has seen significant growth, supporting both domestic consumption and export markets.
## Bonded Warehouses
Bonded warehouses in Ahmedabad play a crucial role in international trade. These facilities are used to store imported goods without the immediate payment of customs duties. Goods can be stored in bonded warehouses for an extended period, providing flexibility to importers and exporters in managing their inventories and cash flows.
## Challenges in the Warehousing Sector
## Infrastructure Development
Despite significant advancements, infrastructure development remains a challenge for the warehousing sector in Ahmedabad. Issues such as inadequate road connectivity, power shortages, and limited availability of land can hinder the growth and efficiency of warehouses. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts between the government and private sector.
## Skilled Workforce
The need for a skilled workforce is another critical challenge. As warehousing operations become more technologically advanced, the demand for trained personnel who can operate and maintain sophisticated equipment increases. Investment in training and development programs is essential to bridge this skill gap.
## Regulatory Hurdles
Navigating the regulatory landscape can be complex for warehousing businesses. Compliance with various laws and regulations related to storage, safety, and environmental standards is necessary but can be burdensome. Streamlining regulatory processes and providing clear guidelines can help ease the operational difficulties faced by warehouse operators.
## Future Prospects
## Adoption of Green Warehousing
The future of warehousing in Ahmedabad looks promising with the adoption of green warehousing practices. Sustainable practices such as the use of solar power, energy-efficient lighting, and recycling programs are becoming increasingly popular. Green warehousing not only reduces the environmental impact but also leads to cost savings in the long run.
## Expansion of Multi-Modal Logistics Parks
The development of multi-modal logistics parks is another trend shaping the future of warehousing in Ahmedabad. These parks integrate various modes of transport such as road, rail, and air, providing seamless connectivity and reducing transit times. The Gujarat government has been proactive in promoting such projects, which are expected to enhance the overall logistics infrastructure in the region.
## Technological Integration
Continuous technological integration will play a pivotal role in the evolution of warehousing. The adoption of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain can further streamline operations, improve inventory management, and enhance security. Warehouses of the future in Ahmedabad will likely be smart, connected, and highly efficient.
## Conclusion
Warehousing in Ahmedabad has come a long way from its humble beginnings. Today, it stands as a critical component of the city’s economic framework, supporting a wide range of industries and facilitating efficient supply chain operations. While challenges remain, the sector’s future is bright, driven by technological advancements, strategic initiatives, and sustainable practices. As Ahmedabad continues to grow as a commercial hub, its warehousing sector will undoubtedly play a vital role in its success.
Source URL: https://bit.ly/3L0Zmzi | expressroadways |
1,901,302 | Journals with no APC charges | Publishing a research paper for free involves careful planning and choosing the right journals and... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:27:33 | https://dev.to/neerajm76404554/journals-with-no-apc-charges-3cnb | research, student, computerscience, devjournal | Publishing a research paper for free involves careful planning and choosing the right journals and platforms that do not charge publication fees. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you navigate the process:
**Submit Paper This Link - https://ijsret.com/2024/04/12/free-journal-to-publish-research-paper/
**
Free journal publishing sites Click Here- [[](https://www.ijset.in/free-journal-publishing-sites/)](https://www.ijset.in/free-journal-publishing-sites/ )
1. Choose the Right Journal-
Identify No-APC Journals
Open Access Directory: Use resources like the Open Access Directory to find [no-fee journals](https://abcdindex.com/blogs/best-journals-to-publish-research-papers).
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): Search for [open-access ](https://abcdindex.com/blogs/how-to-publish-a-research-paper)journals on DOAJ and filter by those that do not charge APCs.
Institutional and Society Journals: Look for journals published by academic societies or institutions, as they often do not charge APCs. Examples include:
Social Science: [IJRTSSH](https://ijrtssh.com/2024/04/25/free-paper-publication-with-certificate/)
Journal of Machine Learning : [IJSET](https://www.ijset.in/list-of-free-journals-for-paper-publication/)
Consider Journal Impact and Relevance
Ensure the journal is reputable and relevant to your research field. Check for indexing in databases like [ABCD-Index](https://abcdindex.com/blogs/how-to-submit-an-article-for-publication-in-a-journal) review the journal’s impact factor.
2. Write and Prepare Your Manuscript
Follow Author Guidelines
Carefully review the submission guidelines [provided by the journal](https://ijsret.com/2024/04/12/free-journal-to-publish-research-paper/). This includes formatting, citation styles, and specific requirements for abstracts and keywords.
Get Feedback
Share your draft with colleagues or mentors for feedback. Peer review can improve the quality of your manuscript significantly.
3. Submit Your Manuscript
Prepare for Submission
Gather all required documents, such as a cover letter, a statement of originality, and sometimes a conflict of interest declaration.
Submit your manuscript via the journal’s online submission system or email, as specified by the [journal]().
Monitor the Submission Process
After submission, keep track of the review process. Journals usually provide a timeline for peer review and decision-making.
Utilize Social Media and Academic Networks
Share your research on platforms like [ABCD -Index](https://abcdindex.com/blogs/journals-that-publish-articles-for-free) , ResearchGate, LinkedIn, and Twitter to increase visibility
| neerajm76404554 |
1,898,830 | Creating a Virtual Machine Scale-Set in Azure (VMSS). | What is Virtual machine scale-set? One intriguing feature provided by Microsoft Azure is... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:24:35 | https://dev.to/laoluafolami/creating-a-virtual-machine-scale-set-in-azure-vmss-21g9 | azure | ## What is Virtual machine scale-set?
One intriguing feature provided by Microsoft Azure is called Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS), which aids in the creation and management of a group of similar, auto-scaling Virtual Machines (VMs). VM instances can be automatically increased or decreased in accordance with predetermined parameters.
VMSS may be used to launch a collection of virtual machines (VMs) with the same operating system, applications, and data settings. In addition to offering load balancing, intelligent scaling, and connectivity with other Azure services, VMSS is a strong and adaptable tool for handling heavy workloads.
All things considered, VMSS is a significant Microsoft Azure feature that offers a scalable and reliable way to build and manage a group of similar virtual machines.
**Auto-Scaling**
With auto-scaling, you may set an automated limit on the amount of computing resources your application uses, according to how much it requires at any given time.
The main takeaway is that, regardless of how quickly or slowly, large or little, your site grows over time, you can now create a scalable architecture that will automatically scale up or down to meet your demands.
These are the most often used auto-scaling methods:
-
Horizontal Scaling
-
Vertical Scaling
**Vertical Scaling**
If you have a single core processor and four gigabytes of RAM in vertical scaling, you may upgrade to a dual core processor and eight gigabytes of RAM. We refer to this as **Scale UP**. Scaling down means returning the configuration to its initial state.
**Horizontal Scaling**
Horizontal scaling, also known as scale out, is the process of starting with one virtual machine and gradually adding others with the same configuration. Once your sale or business requirement is met, you may also scale down to 1 virtual machine (VM). This technique is known as "**scaling in**."
Distributed architecture is required because applications are usually spread over several instances, allowing for redundancy and enhanced performance. A load balancer distributes requests to one of the application instances in order to provide your customers with quicker speed and lower latency.
Virtual Machine Scale Set (VMSS) let you Create and Manage a group of load balanced VMs. The number of VM instances can automatically increase or decrease in response to demand or a defined schedule.
## Creating a Virtual Machine Scale Set in Azure.
Sign in to the [Azure portal](https://portal.azure.com)
You can deploy a scale set with a Windows Server image or Linux image
- In the Azure portal search bar, search for and select _Virtual Machine Scale Sets._
- Select **Create** on the Virtual Machine Scale Sets page.
-
In the Basics tab, under Project details, make sure the correct subscription is selected and create a new resource group called **vmssRG**.
-
Under **Scale set details**, set _myScaleSet_ for your scale set name and select a **Region** that is close to your area.
-
Under **Orchestration mode**, select _Uniform_.
-
Under the Security type blade select _Standard._
-
Under Instance details, select a marketplace image for Image. Select any of the Supported Distros.
- In **Scaling mode** choose the _Autoscaling option_. Then select _Configure_ to set parameters for the scaling configuration.
-
In the **Instance count** section enter _2_ (Indicating initial creation of 2 VMs). Then select _Configure._
-Under the **Scaling condition**, click the _Add a scaling condition_
- Set the parameters as indicated below.
-
Under **Schedule** select _Specify start/end dates._
-
Select your time zone in the **Timezone** blade as well as the **start date**.
-
Click on the **Save button**
-
Under **Instance details**, select a marketplace image for Image. Select any of the Supported Distros.
-
Under the **Size blade**, select Standard_D2sv3 - 2 vcpus, 8 Gib memory.
-
Under Administrator account configure the admin username and set up an associated password or SSH public key. (_In this demo, we will generate a new key pair._)
-
Next, set your username, and in the SSH public key source field, select _RSA SSH Format._
-
Enter the **Key pair name.** In this demo the key name is vmssKey
-
Select **Next: Disks** to proceed to the Disk configuration options. For this quickstart, leave the default disk configurations.
-
Select **Next: Networking** to move to the networking configuration options.
- On the Networking page, under **Load balancing**, select the _Use a load balancer_ radio button to put the scale set instances behind a load balancer.
- In the **Select load balancer** options, select _Create load balancer_.
- Give the **Load balancer** a name - _vmss-lb._
- Click on **Next** to advance to the networking page and edit the network interface options as indicated below.
-
Review and create.
-
After it passes validation, select **Create** to deploy the scale set.
- Select the **Download private key and create resource**
-
After the deployment is completed, click on the **Go to resource** button.
-
Select **Instances** to see the two default VMs created as indicated in our configuration.
- Go to the **Load balancing** blade and select the _Frontend IP address._
- Next step is to open **commamd prompt (cmd)** to connect via SSH to the VM.
-
Update the VM and install the webserver using the linux commands.
`sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install nginx`
## Setting up a stressor for the VMs to test the scale sets
-
Adding a workload to the VMs
- Type the linux command
```
sudo apt-get install stress-ng
```
-
Linux Stress command
```
stress-ng --cpu 4 --tz -t 1024
```
-
Another instance of the VM has been created due to the increase in workload.
| laoluafolami |
1,890,644 | Control Rate Limit using Queues | Rate limiting is an important technique used to control the frequency of operations or requests... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:23:48 | https://dev.to/woovi/control-rate-limit-using-queues-eh5 | ratelimit, queue | Rate limiting is an important technique used to control the frequency of operations or requests within a specified period. It is commonly implemented to ensure system stability, fairness, and security
In this article, we are going to focus on how to use queues to control the rate limit usage of some external APIs.
## External API rate limit
Imagine that you need to consume an external API that has a rate limit of 300 requests per minute, this means that the TPM (Transaction per minute) needs to be 300.
We are going to use Bulljs to define this rate limit as an example:
```ts
const queueWithRateLimit = new Queue('WITH_RATE_LIMIT', process.env.REDIS_HOST, {
limiter: {
max: 1,
duration: 2000,
},
})
```
Bulljs enables us to configure rate limit per queue, if you need different rate limit requirements, you need to create more queues.
We made a `calculateTPM` function to make it easy to calculate the correct TPS and TPM
```ts
const calculateTPM = (limiter) => {
const maxJobs = parseInt(limiter.max, 10);
const maxDurationSeconds = parseInt(limiter.duration, 10) / 1000;
const tpm = (maxJobs / maxDurationSeconds) * 60;
console.log(`Your TP/M will be ${tpm}`);
console.log(`Your TP/S will be ${tpm / 60}`);
console.log(
`This means that for every ${maxDurationSeconds} seconds, you will be able to process ${maxJobs} jobs.`,
);
}
```
Using the config above it will give us the following output:
```bash
Your TP/M will be 300
Your TP/S will be 5
This means that for every 0.2 seconds, you will be able to process 1 job.
```
## Briefly
Queues are a versatile tool to help you scale your distributed systems controlling the rate limit of external APIs, but also to constraint usage of resources.
What can be processed slowly, you can move to a queue with a lower TPM to avoid making your system heavy.
---
[Woovi](https://www.woovi.com) is an innovative startup revolutionizing the payment landscape. With Woovi, shoppers can enjoy the freedom to pay however they prefer. Our cutting-edge platform provides instant payment solutions, empowering merchants to accept orders and enhance their customer experience seamlessly.
If you're interested in joining our team, we're hiring! Check out our job openings at [Woovi Careers](https://woovi.com/jobs/).
---
Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@ludo_photos?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash">Ludovic Charlet</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/speed-limit-55-signage-on-road-CGWK6k2RduY?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash">Unsplash</a>
| sibelius |
1,901,301 | Aronsol Pvt Ltd | Aronsol is a dynamic digital marketing agency that specializes in crafting compelling stories,... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:21:30 | https://dev.to/aronsoldm/aronsol-pvt-ltd-3bf7 | **[Aronsol](https://aronsol.com/)** is a dynamic digital marketing agency that specializes in crafting compelling stories, designing visually stunning content, and delivering tailored IT solutions. We're passionate about creating narratives that truly connect with audiences, and our team of experts is here to guide you toward success in the digital world. Whether you need help with digital marketing, affiliate marketing, or IT solutions, we have the expertise to help you achieve your goals.
| aronsoldm | |
1,901,300 | WA GB: Panduan Utama Mengunduh dan Menggunakan Mod WhatsApp Terbaik | Selamat datang di WA GB, sumber terpercaya Anda untuk mendownload APK WA GB terbaru dan asli. Baik... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:20:44 | https://dev.to/linkwagb01/wa-gb-panduan-utama-mengunduh-dan-menggunakan-mod-whatsapp-terbaik-3dbl | Selamat datang di WA GB, sumber terpercaya Anda untuk mendownload APK WA GB terbaru dan asli. Baik Anda ingin menyempurnakan pengalaman berkirim pesan atau mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang aplikasi canggih ini, Anda datang ke tempat yang tepat. Pada artikel ini, kami akan membahas semua yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang WA GB, termasuk fitur, manfaat, dan cara mendownloadnya.
Apa itu WAGB?
[Apa itu WA GB](https://link-wagb.id/) WA GB adalah versi mod yang populer dari WhatsApp Messenger asli. Ia menawarkan serangkaian fitur lanjutan dan opsi penyesuaian yang tidak tersedia dalam versi standar. Dengan WA GB, Anda dapat menikmati kontrol privasi yang ditingkatkan, kemampuan berbagi media yang lebih luas, dan sejumlah peningkatan lainnya yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pengalaman pengiriman pesan Anda.
Mengapa Memilih WA GB?
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Kunjungi Situs Web Resmi WA GB: Navigasikan ke situs web resmi WA GB untuk memastikan Anda mendapatkan file APK asli.
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WA GB Download APK: Terbaru dan Asli
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Unduh GB WhatsApp: Tingkatkan Permainan Perpesanan Anda
[Unduh GB WhatsApp](https://link-wagb.id/) , atau WA GB, adalah pilihan ideal bagi pengguna yang mencari lebih banyak dari aplikasi perpesanan mereka. Baik itu privasi yang ditingkatkan, penyesuaian yang lebih baik, atau fitur yang diperluas, WA GB memiliki sesuatu untuk semua orang. Jangan puas dengan harga yang lebih murah – unduh GB WhatsApp hari ini dari situs resmi kami dan rasakan perbedaannya.
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| linkwagb01 | |
1,901,298 | Quantum App Development Software: A Comprehensive Guide | Quantum computing represents an upgrade in processing power and a fundamental shift in the underlying... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:20:41 | https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/quantum-app-development-software-b1f | softwaredevelopment, software, community, guide | Quantum computing represents an upgrade in processing power and a fundamental shift in the underlying computation framework. Leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically phenomena like superposition and entanglement, quantum computers process information in ways that defy the limits of classical binary systems. This capability opens a new horizon for tackling computational problems once considered impossible.
My foray into quantum app development started two years ago, initially sparked by an intrigue for quantum theory and its practical implications in computing. What began as an exploration into the theoretical has evolved into hands-on application development, where I utilize quantum algorithms to solve real-world challenges—from optimizing complex logistics to developing new materials at a molecular level.
## Key Features of Quantum App Development Software
Quantum app development software is engineered to seamlessly connect the cutting-edge capabilities of quantum hardware with the practical needs of modern software development. These tools are crucial for anyone venturing into the field of quantum computing, as they provide a framework that significantly eases the transition from classical to quantum programming. Based on my extensive experience with various quantum development environments, here's an expanded look at the critical features these platforms offer:
- **Quantum Circuit Design**: Quantum circuits are the backbone of any quantum program, analogous to logic gates in classical computing. Quantum development software provides intuitive, often graphical interfaces that allow developers like myself to build and visualize complex quantum circuits. This visualization is not just about aesthetics; it provides crucial insights into the behavior of quantum bits (qubits) and helps debug and refine quantum algorithms;
- **Simulation Tools**: One of the greatest challenges in quantum development is the limited access to actual quantum hardware. Quantum simulators are thus indispensable, offering a sandbox where algorithms can be tested and behavior analyzed on classical computers. These tools simulate the quantum environment up to a certain number of qubits, allowing for preliminary testing and development before deployment on actual quantum machines, which are often cost-prohibitive and subject to strict usage constraints;
- **Integration Capabilities**: Modern software development rarely occurs in isolation. Quantum development tools are designed to integrate seamlessly with existing software stacks. This integration capability is vital as it enables hybrid solutions where classical and quantum computing coexist and complement each other. For instance, I often use quantum software that integrates into popular IDEs and connects with cloud-based quantum services, simplifying the [process of developing](https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/what-are-the-steps-of-the-development-process-for-a-software-project-31jd) applications that leverage quantum algorithms for specific tasks while relying on classical systems for general operations;
- **Resource Estimation**: Running quantum algorithms requires understanding their theoretical implications and practical considerations such as computational resources. Quantum development tools provide resource estimation features that help predict how many qubits and what level of quantum coherence are necessary for effectively running your algorithms. This aspect of quantum tools is crucial for scalability and optimization, as it informs the feasibility of solutions under current technology limits.
These features collectively form a robust foundation for anyone developing quantum computing applications. As the field grows and hardware becomes more accessible, these tools are continually refined to offer greater functionality and user-friendliness, ultimately facilitating more widespread adoption and innovation in quantum computing.
## Top 3 Quantum App Development Software Tools
Exploring the forefront of quantum app development software, I’ve delved deeply into the functionalities and unique attributes of several leading tools making significant strides in the market. Each tool has its specialties and ideal use cases, and here’s a more detailed exploration based on my personal experiences and research:
### Qiskit by IBM
[Qiskit](https://www.ibm.com/quantum/qiskit) stands out primarily because of its open-source nature and the robust support it receives from IBM. It supports circuit-based quantum computing, the more traditional approach, and quantum annealing, a method used primarily to solve optimization problems. This versatility makes Qiskit an excellent choice for developers who are exploring different quantum computational models. Additionally, its comprehensive library and tutorials make it accessible for newcomers to quantum computing, providing them with the tools needed to start building quantum applications from the ground up.
### Microsoft Quantum Development Kit
This kit is centered around Q#, a programming language developed specifically for quantum computing. The language's integration with Visual Studio, a popular development environment, offers a smooth transition for developers familiar with other programming languages from Microsoft’s ecosystem, such as PC# or F#. The [Quantum Development Kit](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/overview-what-is-qsharp-and-qdk) also includes rich simulation tools that can emulate complex quantum operations on classical hardware, allowing developers to [test and debug](https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/why-is-a-quality-assurance-tester-needed-on-a-software-development-team-16g1) quantum algorithms extensively before deploying them on actual quantum machines.
## Google Cirq
Designed to work seamlessly with Google’s quantum processors, [Cirq](https://quantumai.google/cirq) is a Python library for creating, editing, and invoking quantum circuits. It’s tailored specifically to facilitate the execution of quantum algorithms on Google's state-of-the-art quantum hardware. Cirq excels in providing the granularity needed to control quantum circuits at the level of individual qubits and gates. For developers looking to optimize their quantum algorithms to the peculiarities of Google's quantum architecture, Cirq offers the necessary tools to fine-tune performance and harness the full capabilities of their quantum processors.
Each of these tools provides distinct advantages depending on the specific requirements of the project and the developer's familiarity with quantum computing concepts. Whether you are a seasoned quantum programmer or a classical developer looking to step into the quantum realm, these platforms offer the necessary resources to develop, simulate, and execute quantum algorithms effectively.
## How to Choose the Right Quantum Development Software?
Selecting the optimal quantum development software is a pivotal decision that can significantly influence the success of your quantum computing projects. From my experience, there are several critical considerations to keep in mind:
- **Hardware Accessibility**: It's essential to understand which quantum processors are compatible with the software you are considering. Some platforms, like Google Cirq, are designed to work specifically with certain types of hardware, like Google’s own quantum processors. This compatibility can affect not only the performance but also the types of problems you can effectively solve. Ensure that the software you choose aligns with the hardware resources available to you, whether they are on-premises or accessible via cloud services;
- **Development Needs**: Each quantum development tool has its own set of features and specialties. Assessing your project requirements thoroughly will guide you in selecting a tool that best fits your needs. For instance, if your focus is on creating highly precise quantum circuits, a tool like Google Cirq might be more suitable, whereas for broader experimental algorithms, IBM’s Qiskit with its extensive library and support for multiple quantum computing paradigms might be the better choice;
- **Community and Support**: Quantum computing is still an emerging field, and having a robust support network can drastically reduce the learning curve. Tools backed by strong communities and proactive support, such as Qiskit and Microsoft’s Quantum Development Kit, provide extensive documentation, active forums, and regular updates that can help solve problems quickly and keep you informed on the latest advancements.
## Integrating Quantum Software into Your Development Workflow
Integrating quantum development tools into existing workflows involves understanding their unique capabilities and limitations. My approach has been to start with basic quantum algorithms, using them to solve simple problems before progressing to more complex scenarios. This gradual integration helps in acclimatizing the [development team](https://dev.to/igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4/software-development-team-4nol) to the quantum mindset without overwhelming them.
Furthermore, ensuring that your team has access to learning resources and community forums is crucial. These resources are invaluable for staying updated on the latest developments in quantum technologies and for finding solutions to technical challenges. Regular training sessions and workshops can also be very beneficial.
## The Future of Quantum App Development
Looking ahead, the prospects for quantum app development are both exciting and challenging. As quantum hardware becomes more sophisticated and widely available, the range of feasible applications will expand dramatically. We're already seeing quantum approaches making significant inroads into fields like cryptography, complex molecular modeling, and optimization problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers.
However, the road ahead is complex and filled with technical hurdles. The delicate nature of quantum states and the need for extremely low error rates present ongoing challenges. Continuous advancements in quantum error correction and algorithm efficiency are critical to the practical implementation of quantum computing.
## Conclusion
Quantum app development software stands on the cutting edge of technology, pushing the boundaries of what's possible with computing. With the right tools and a deep understanding of quantum mechanics, developers are beginning to unlock this technology's vast potential. This journey, while complex, is incredibly rewarding, as it opens up new realms of possibilities that could one day transform how we solve the world's most challenging problems. As someone deeply involved in this field, I remain optimistic and excited about what the future holds.
| igor_ag_aaa2341e64b1f4cb4 |
1,901,290 | Using Python for Automated Testing In DevOps | What Is Automated Testing? This is the process of using software tools to implement tests on codes... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:19:34 | https://dev.to/davidbosah/using-python-for-automated-testing-in-devops-1mj5 | programming, devops, beginners, python |
**What Is Automated Testing?**
This is the process of using software tools to implement tests on codes as part of DevOps pipeline with the aim of making sure that the code works as expected and to catch any bugs or problems early on.
_Certain tools are used in Automated testing for DevOps, they include:_
_Selenium
PyUnit
Behave
JUnit_
**Types of Automated Testing.**
There a various types of Automated testing and they include:
Unit Testing:
The tests in this section involve individual units of codes.
Functional Testing:
In this section, the functionality of the software is the parameter put to test to make sure that it meets the required specifications.
Integration Testing:
This tests how different parts of the code work together.
**Benefits of Automated Testing.**
1. It provides faster testing than the manual setup/route.
2. The cost involved is lower than that of manual testing.
3. There is increased accuracy in automated testing.
4. It detects defects early in the development cycle.
**Steps for using Python for Automated test in DevOps.**
The process of utilising Python programme for Automated testing in DevOps is a delicate one and it requires a laid out procedure:
1. First thing you need to do is to choose a python testing framework like Behave or Pytest.
2. Next thing you need to do is to write test cases that would cover specific functionality in your application.
3. After that, Install the required libraries like Selenium or requests.
4. Set your test environment including dependencies and test data.
5. Write your Python test scripts for execution and validation of results.
6. Integrate tests with continuous Integration/ continuous Deployment (CI/CD) tools like CircleCi or Jenkins.
7. Run Automated Tests as part of the pipeline.
8. Monitor test results, maintain tests and continuously improve test performance
| davidbosah |
1,901,292 | Elevator Installation and Repair Services | Estind Elevators | ESTIND ELEVATORS PVT LTD take great pleasure in introducing ourselves as a prominent Elevator... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:19:01 | https://dev.to/anjali199378/elevator-installation-and-repair-services-estind-elevators-3c1j | ESTIND ELEVATORS PVT LTD take great pleasure in introducing ourselves as a prominent Elevator installation company in Bangalore, With a decade of experience, we have been dedicatedly serving our valued customers from longtime. Throughout the years, we have worked tirelessly to earn the trust of our clients, successfully completing numerous projects that we are immensely proud of.
Our unwavering dedication and strong commitment to meeting the unique needs of our clients have propelled us to manufacture customized equipment that adheres to global standards. This approach not only enables us to fulfill the specific requirements of our clients but also ensures their utmost satisfaction. We understand that every project is unique and comes with its own set of challenges. That & why we approach each assignment with meticulous attention to detail and a focus on providing customized solutions. Our team of skilled professionals works closely with clients to assess their specific requirements and design tailor-made elevator systems that meet the highest standards of quality and safety.
Services:
Elevator Installation
Elevator Maintenance
Elevator Repair
Visit Website: [https://estindelevators.com/] | anjali199378 | |
1,901,291 | how to flash bitcoin | How to Buy Flash USDT: Unlock the Power of Tether with MartelGold Are you looking to get your hands... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:18:54 | https://dev.to/bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc/how-to-flash-bitcoin-3g0g | flashbtc, flashusdt, flashbitcoin, flashbitoinsender | How to Buy Flash USDT: Unlock the Power of Tether with MartelGold
Are you looking to get your hands on Flash USDT, the revolutionary Tether solution that’s taking the cryptocurrency world by storm? Look no further! In this article, we’ll guide you through the process of buying Flash USDT and unlocking its incredible benefits.
What is Flash USDT?
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Why Buy Flash USDT?
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Unlimited Possibilities: With Flash USDT, the possibilities are endless. You can generate and send Tether transactions with ease, opening up new opportunities for trading, investing, and more.
Convenience: Flash USDT is incredibly easy to use, with a user-friendly interface that makes it simple to generate and send Tether transactions.
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FlashGen USDT Sender: Unlock the power of Flash USDT with their innovative sender software, allowing you to generate and send up to 500 USDT daily. Learn More
$2000 Flash USDT for $200: Get instant access to $2000 worth of Flash USDT for just $200. Learn More
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Want to stay up-to-date with the latest Flash USDT news, updates, and promotions? message them directly on telegram! t.me/martelgold
At MartelGold, they’re committed to providing you with the best Flash USDT solutions on the market. With their innovative software and exceptional customer support, you can trust them to help you unlock the full potential of Flash USDT.
Ready to Get Started?
Visit MartelGold today and discover the power of Flash USDT. www.martelgold.com
Join the Conversation
Message them on telegram! t.me/martelgold
Need Help?
Contact them today for any questions or inquiries. Their dedicated support team is here to help. t.me/martelgold
Don’t wait any longer to unlock the power of Flash USDT. Visit MartelGold today and start generating Tether transactions like a pro! www.martelgold.com
Get ready to take your Tether experience to the next level with Flash USDT. Visit MartelGold today and discover the power of innovative software like atomic flash usdt, flash usdt wallet, and flash usdt software free! www.martelgold.com | bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc |
1,901,289 | Possible: Conflict Revisited | Possible: Conflict Revisited will be one theme for this post. But first, the Summer Solstice is here!... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:15:23 | https://dev.to/becomingthejourney/possible-conflict-revisited-47go | Possible: **[Conflict Revisited](https://becomingthejourney.com/blog/possible-conflict-revisited/)** will be one theme for this post. But first, the Summer Solstice is here! I love the ring of it, the associations, the potential, the possibilities! The sun is at the peak of its shining influence on our precious blue-green planet; it’s the longest day of the year the slowest sunsets, and we enjoy the easy, breezy promise of summer sweetness and congenial gatherings. While I don’t love sunscreen I treasure being able to be outdoors without the need for many layers. Let’s breathe deeply, take walks, perhaps bike rides and swims, and enjoy to the hilt this time of exuberance and bounty.
Here’s a bit more about the astronomical aspects of Summer Solstice. You might also like to check out some of the early traditions around Lammas, the Celtic name for this key event. Celebrate!
Recently I was mightily inspired by a short TED Talk by Angus Harvey, one of the authors of Fix the News, a newsletter I treasure for its offering of inspirational, promising good news — happening right now all over the planet. After listening several times, I decided that Possible: Conflict Revisited would be a fitting theme for Summer Solstice and going forward. Here’s another reason for focussing on what’s possible.
| becomingthejourney | |
1,901,288 | what is flash usdt? | Hey there, fellow cryptocurrency enthusiasts! Are you looking for a new and exciting way to get... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:15:14 | https://dev.to/bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc/what-is-flash-usdt-2p8p | flashbtc, flashusdt, flastbitcoin, flashbitcoinsoftware | Hey there, fellow cryptocurrency enthusiasts! Are you looking for a new and exciting way to get involved in the world of digital currency? Look no further than Flash USDT, the innovative solution from MartelGold.
As a valued member of the MartelGold community, I’m excited to share with you the incredible benefits of Flash USDT and how it can revolutionize your Tether experience. With Flash USDT, you can generate Tether transactions directly on the blockchain network, with fully confirmed transactions that can remain on the network for an impressive duration.
What Makes Flash USDT So Special?
So, what sets Flash USDT apart from other Tether forks? For starters, Flash USDT offers a range of features that make it a game-changer in the world of digital currency. With Flash USDT, you can:
Generate and send up to 20,000 USDT daily with the basic license
Send a staggering 50,000 USDT in a single transaction with the premium license
Enjoy one-time payment with no hidden charges
Send Tether to any wallet on the blockchain network
Get access to Blockchain and Binance server files
Enjoy 24/7 support
How to Get Started with Flash USDT
Ready to unlock the power of Flash USDT? Here’s how to get started:
Choose Your License: Select from their basic or premium license options, depending on your needs.
Download Flash USDT: Get instant access to their innovative software, similar to flash usdt software.
Generate Tether Transactions: Use Flash USDT to generate fully confirmed Tether transactions, just like you would with flash usdt sender.
Send Tether: Send Tether to any wallet on the blockchain network, with the ability to track the live transaction on bitcoin network explorer using TX ID/ Block/ Hash/ BTC address.
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FlashGen USDT Sender: Unlock the power of Flash USDT with their innovative sender software, allowing you to generate and send up to 20,000 USDT daily. Learn More
$2000 Flash USDT for $200: Get instant access to $2000 worth of Flash USDT for just $200. Learn More
Stay Connected with MartelGold
Telegram: t.me/martelgold
At MartelGold, they’re committed to providing you with the best Flash USDT solutions on the market. With their innovative software and exceptional customer support, you can trust them to help you unlock the full potential of Flash USDT.
Ready to Get Started?
Visit their website today and discover the power of Flash USDT with MartelGold. www.martelgold.com
Join the Conversation
t.me/martelgold
Need Help?
Contact them today for any questions or inquiries. Their dedicated support team is here to help. t.me/martelgold
Visit MartelGold today and start generating Tether transactions like a cryptomania! www.martelgold.com
Message them on telegram! t.me/martelgold
Get ready to take your Tether experience to the next level with Flash USDT. Visit MartelGold today and discover the power of innovative software like atomic flash usdt, flash usdt wallet, and flash usdt software free! www.martelgold.com | bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc |
1,900,145 | Simplified Guide to Installing NVM on Ubuntu | Introduction Managing multiple versions of Node.js on your Ubuntu system is crucial for... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:13:47 | https://dev.to/mesonu/simplified-guide-to-installing-nvm-on-ubuntu-3dpa | webdev, javascript, programming, node |
#### Introduction
Managing multiple versions of Node.js on your Ubuntu system is crucial for development. Node Version Manager (NVM) simplifies this process, allowing you to switch between different versions effortlessly.
#### Step-by-Step Installation
1. **Update Your System**:
```
sudo apt update
```
2. **Install Curl**:
```
sudo apt install curl
```
3. **Download and Install NVM**:
```
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
```
4. **Activate NVM**:
```
export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
```
5. **Verify NVM Installation**:
```
nvm --version
```
6. **Install Node.js Using NVM**:
```
nvm install node
```
7. **Set Default Node.js Version**:
```
nvm alias default node
```
8. **Check Installed Node.js Version**:
```
node --version
```
#### Managing Node.js Versions
- **Install Specific Version**:
```
nvm install <version>
```
- **Switch Node.js Version**:
```
nvm use <version>
```
- **List Installed Versions**:
```
nvm ls
```
- **Uninstall Node.js Version**:
```
nvm uninstall <version>
```
#### Conclusion
Using NVM on Ubuntu provides flexibility and control over your Node.js environment, making development smoother and more efficient.
To know how to install the NVM on Windows please have a look:
[How to install NVM(Node Version Manager) on Windows](https://dev.to/mesonu/how-to-install-nvmnode-version-manager-on-windows-2ij1)
To learn about the Docker basics please have a look:
[What is Docker and why do we use it?](https://medium.com/@me.sonu300/what-is-docker-and-why-do-we-use-it-c86b11559b3b) | mesonu |
1,901,287 | The Accidental Inventor Who Sparked the Silicon Valley Revolution | William Shockley's invention of the transistor in 1947 at Bell Labs revolutionized the electronics... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:13:32 | https://dev.to/hyscaler/the-accidental-inventor-who-sparked-the-silicon-valley-revolution-285k | history, transistor, techupdate | [William Shockley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley)'s invention of the transistor in 1947 at Bell Labs revolutionized the electronics industry and paved the way for countless innovations that have transformed our world. From the smartphones in our pockets to the computers that power modern society, the transistor is the fundamental building block that makes it all possible.
Shockley, along with his colleagues John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 for their groundbreaking work on semiconductors and the discovery of the transistor effect. This invention enabled the miniaturization of complex electronic circuits, ushering in the "Information Age" and the creation of countless electronic devices we rely on today, from radios to computers to space shuttles.
Shockley's life was marked by both brilliance and controversy. He was a gifted physicist who changed the world with his invention, but his views on race and personality also left a legacy.
### Early Life and Education
William Shockley was born in London in 1910, but his family moved to California when he was a child. He excelled academically, earning a PhD in physics from Caltech and MIT.
### Inventing the Transistor at Bell Labs
In 1936, Shockley joined Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he began experimenting with semiconductors. During World War II, he worked on anti-submarine warfare for the Navy. After the war, Shockley returned to Bell Labs and teamed up with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. Together, they invented the point-contact transistor in 1947 and the more powerful junction transistor in 1948. For this groundbreaking work, the trio won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
### Starting Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
Shockley left Bell Labs in 1955 to start his own company, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, in Mountain View, California. He recruited a talented team of young engineers, including the "Traitorous Eight" who would go on to found Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel.
### Controversial Views and the Collapse of His Company
Shockley's views on race and intelligence soon alienated his employees. He believed that standardized tests showed blacks were inferior to whites. These views, which were widely condemned, ultimately led to the collapse of his company.
### The Legacy of the Transistor
Despite this, Shockley's invention of the transistor had already set in motion a revolution. Fairchild Semiconductor, founded by the "Traitorous Eight", went on to spawn dozens of other companies, giving birth to the region now known as Silicon Valley.
### Shockley's Complicated Legacy
Shockley was a gifted physicist who changed the world with his invention of the transistor. But his views on race and personality also left a legacy. As the technology industry continues to grapple with issues of diversity and inclusion, the story of William Shockley serves as a reminder of the transformative power of innovation.
William Shockley's invention of the transistor in 1947, along with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, revolutionized modern electronics in several key ways:
1. **It enabled the miniaturization of complex electronic circuits**. The transistor was a much smaller and more robust alternative to vacuum tubes, allowing for the creation of integrated circuits and microchips that are the foundation of all modern electronics.
2. **The transistor paved the way for countless innovations** in fields like computing, telecommunications, and consumer electronics. Within less than a decade of its invention, the transistor had already transformed modern electronics and research institutes.
3. **Shockley's work at Bell Labs laid the foundations for the semiconductor industry**. His invention of the transistor effect, for which he shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics, enabled the creation of countless electronic devices we rely on today, from radios to computers to space shuttles.
4. **Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize the transistor in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation**. His work recruiting brilliant employees and founding companies like Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory helped spawn the region's technology industry.
In summary, William Shockley's groundbreaking invention of the transistor in 1947 was a pivotal moment that ushered in the "Information Age" and enabled the creation of countless electronic devices and innovations that have transformed modern society. His work laid the foundations for the semiconductor industry and helped catalyze the rise of Silicon Valley as a global technology hub. | saif05 |
1,901,286 | flash bitcoin transaction | How to Know Flash Bitcoin: Unlock the Secrets with MartelGold Hey there, fellow Bitcoin enthusiasts!... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:12:21 | https://dev.to/bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc/flash-bitcoin-transaction-3lo | flashbtc, flashusdt, flastbitcoin, flashbitcoinsoftware | How to Know Flash Bitcoin: Unlock the Secrets with MartelGold
Hey there, fellow Bitcoin enthusiasts! Are you tired of feeling left behind in the world of cryptocurrency? Do you want to stay ahead of the curve and unlock the full potential of Bitcoin? Look no further than FlashGen (BTC Generator), the innovative software that’s taking the Bitcoin community by storm.
As a valued member of the MartelGold community, I’m excited to share with you the incredible benefits of FlashGen and how it can revolutionize your Bitcoin experience. With FlashGen, they can generate Bitcoin transactions directly on the Bitcoin network, with fully confirmed transactions that can remain on the network for an impressive duration of up to 60 days with the basic license and a whopping 120 days with the premium license.
What Makes FlashGen So Special?
So, what sets FlashGen apart from other Bitcoin forks? For starters, FlashGen offers a range of features that make it a game-changer in the world of cryptocurrency. With FlashGen, they can:
Generate and send up to 0.05 Bitcoin daily with the basic license
Send a staggering 0.5 Bitcoin in a single transaction with the premium license
Enjoy one-time payment with no hidden charges
Send Bitcoin to any wallet on the blockchain network
Get access to Blockchain and Binance server files
Enjoy 24/7 support
How to Get Started with FlashGen
Ready to unlock the power of FlashGen? Here’s how to get started:
Choose Your License: Select from their basic or premium license options, depending on your needs.
Download FlashGen: Get instant access to their innovative software.
Generate Bitcoin Transactions: Use FlashGen to generate fully confirmed Bitcoin transactions.
Send Bitcoin: Send Bitcoin to any wallet on the blockchain network.
MartelGold’s FlashGen Products
Check out range of products, designed to meet your needs:
Flashgen Bitcoin Software 7 Days Trial: Try before you buy with their 7-day trial offer. Learn More
Flashgen Basic: Unlock the power of FlashGen with their basic license, allowing you to generate up to 0.05 Bitcoin daily. Learn More
FlashGen Premium: Take your FlashGen experience to the next level with their premium license, enabling you to send up to 0.5 Bitcoin in a single transaction. Learn More
$1500 Flash Bitcoin for $150: Get instant access to $1500 worth of Flash Bitcoin for just $150. Learn More
$1500 Flash USDT for $150: Experience the power of Flash USDT with their limited-time offer. Learn More
Stay Connected with MartelGold
contact martelgold today! t.me/martelgold
Ready to Get Started?
Visit martelgold today and discover the power of FlashGen with MartelGold. www.martelgold.com
Join the Conversation
Follow martelgold on Telegram for the latest updates and promotions! t.me/martelgold
Need Help?
Contact martelgold today for any questions or inquiries. Their dedicated support team is here to help. t.me/martelgold | bryan_nas_8d7e1c432bd86dc |
1,901,285 | Seamless Travel from Urbania Chandigarh to Jaipur | Experience convenient and comfortable travel options from Urbania Chandigarh to Jaipur. Discover... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:12:02 | https://dev.to/ckstravels/seamless-travel-from-urbania-chandigarh-to-jaipur-486f | Experience convenient and comfortable travel options from [Urbania Chandigarh to Jaipur](https://ckstravel.in/). Discover reliable transport services with convenient schedules, ensuring a smooth journey to the vibrant city of Jaipur. Plan your trip today for a hassle-free travel experience with Urbania Chandigarh to Jaipur services.
Visit: [https://ckstravel.in/](https://ckstravel.in/)
| ckstravels | |
1,901,284 | How to Fix the Externally-Managed-Environment Error When Using Pip？ | How to Fix the Externally-Managed-Environment Error When Using Pip？ When you use pip to... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:11:41 | https://dev.to/luca1iu/how-to-fix-the-externally-managed-environment-error-when-using-pip-2omo | tutorial, python, beginners, devops | # How to Fix the Externally-Managed-Environment Error When Using Pip？
When you use pip to install Python packages, you may encounter an ‘externally-managed-environment’ error.
```bash
error: externally-managed-environment
× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try brew install
xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
install.
If you wish to install a Python library that isn't in Homebrew,
use a virtual environment:
python3 -m venv path/to/venv
source path/to/venv/bin/activate
python3 -m pip install xyz
If you wish to install a Python application that isn't in Homebrew,
it may be easiest to use 'pipx install xyz', which will manage a
virtual environment for you. You can install pipx with
brew install pipx
...
```
### Solution 1: use a virtual environment
create a virtual environment folder in your root path
```bash
python3 -m venv ~/py_envs
source ~/py_envs/bin/activate
python3 -m pip install xyz
```
### Solution 2: force install
add `--break-system-packages` at the end of `pip` , for example:
```bash
pip install xyz --break-system-packages
```
---
## Explore more
{% embed https://dev.to/luca1iu %}
Thank you for taking the time to explore data-related insights with me. I appreciate your engagement.
{% cta https://www.linkedin.com/in/lucaliu-data %} 🚀 Connect with me on LinkedIn {% endcta %}
{% cta https://twitter.com/Luca_DataTeam %} 🎃 Connect with me on X {% endcta %} | luca1iu |
1,901,271 | Demystifying Azure Kubernetes Cluster Automatic | It seems that Microsoft timed this release perfectly to coincide with the 10th anniversary of... | 0 | 2024-06-26T12:11:15 | https://gtrekter.medium.com/demystifying-azure-automatic-kubernetes-cluster-4d809ee01b01 | kubernetes, azure, aks, microservices | It seems that Microsoft timed this release perfectly to coincide with the 10th anniversary of Kubernetes. A couple of weeks ago, Microsoft officially announced the public preview of Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Automatic. In this article, I will explain what AKS Automatic is and highlight the differences between it and the standard AKS cluster.
# What problem does Azure Kubernetes Service Automatic solve?
Kubernetes has become the go-to container orchestration engine for many organizations. According to the Annual CNCF survey 2023, 66% of respondents were using Kubernetes in production, and 18% were evaluating it. Kubernetes offers significant flexibility, improved resource utilization, and other benefits. Additionally, it boasts an impressive ecosystem of plugins and projects backed by the CNCF.
However, with great power comes great challenges. Kubernetes can be intimidating and overwhelming for some workloads. In fact, over half of the 1,300 respondents to a Statista study in 2022 indicated that the biggest challenge they faced when migrating to or using Kubernetes and containers was the lack of in-house skills and, consequently, limited manpower.
This is where Azure Kubernetes Service Automatic comes in to help.
# Prerequisites
To create an Azure Kubernetes Cluster Automatic, there are several preview flags what you will need to register to your subscription. In particular:
```
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "EnableAPIServerVnetIntegrationPreview"
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "NRGLockdownPreview"
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "NodeAutoProvisioningPreview"
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "DisableSSHPreview"
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "SafeguardsPreview"
az feature register --namespace "Microsoft.ContainerService" --name "AutomaticSKUPreview"
```
# What is Azure Kubernetes Cluster Automatic?
While Azure Kubernetes Service takes away the overwhelming task of installing and setting up a Kubernetes cluster, configuring the nodes, and more, Azure Kubernetes Service Automatic takes a step forward. In addition to cluster setup, it will install and configure additional projects like KEDA and Cilium, and enable multiple features like VPA, node autoscaling, and resource group locks by default.
**Note: All these configurations can be done manually on your AKS Standard resource. In this case, this service provides a pre-made resource with all these configurations and settings enabled and configured.**
To better understand what it brings to the table, let’s break it down into the following groups:
# Security
We can identify two scopes where the default configurations will affect: the cluster and the workloads. From the cluster perspective, it will:
## Azure Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
Ensures that Azure RBAC is enabled and both local and SSH access to the pool are disabled. This best practice prevents direct access to the nodes, reducing the possible attack surface, and uses Azure’s fine-grained identity control to define who can access and manage the cluster resources.
As you can see, SSH access to the nodes in the pool used by AKS is disabled:
```
$ az aks nodepool list --resource-group rg-training-dev --cluster-name aks-training-auto-wus-01
[
{
...
"osSku": "AzureLinux",
"osType": "Linux",
...
"securityProfile": {
"enableSecureBoot": false,
"enableVtpm": false,
"sshAccess": "Disabled"
},
...
}
]
```
While SSH is disabled for the nodes, you can still SSH into a pod; this configuration only affects nodes.
```
$ kubectl run -i --tty --rm --image=busybox --restart=Never -- sh
Warning: [azurepolicy-k8sazurev2containerenforceprob-56e31e6a92773e331f84] Container <sh> in your Pod <sh> has no <livenessProbe>. Required probes: ["readinessProbe", "livenessProbe"]
Warning: [azurepolicy-k8sazurev2containerenforceprob-56e31e6a92773e331f84] Container <sh> in your Pod <sh> has no <readinessProbe>. Required probes: ["readinessProbe", "livenessProbe"]
Warning: [azurepolicy-k8sazurev3containerlimits-8d53352efa522a0527f5] container <sh> has no resource limits
Warning: [azurepolicy-k8sazurev1containerrestrictedi-bb9d0e008cf63badac4c] sh in default does not have imagePullSecrets. Unauthenticated image pulls are not recommended.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #
```
By default, even if you have enabled the integration with Azure AD, subscription Owners and Contributors can still access the cluster by using the --admin flag when generating static credentials. However, Azure Kubernetes Service Automatic will automatically disable local accounts.
```
$ az aks get-credentials --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-wus-01 --overwrite-existing --admin
The behavior of this command has been altered by the following extension: aks-preview
(BadRequest) Getting static credential is not allowed because this cluster is set to disable local accounts.
Code: BadRequest
```
It will also prevent the re-enabling of local accounts.
```
$ az aks update --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-krc-01 --enable-local-accounts
(BadRequest) Managed cluster 'Automatic' SKU should enable 'DisableLocalAccounts' feature with recommended values
Code: BadRequest
Message: Managed cluster 'Automatic' SKU should enable 'DisableLocalAccounts' feature with recommended values
```
As you can see, the `adminUsers` property is set to `null`.
```
$ az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-krc-01 --query "aadProfile"
{
"adminGroupObjectIDs": null,
"adminUsers": null,
"clientAppId": null,
"enableAzureRbac": true,
"managed": true,
"serverAppId": null,
"serverAppSecret": null,
"tenantId": "00434baa-68ec-4d73-b0a2-fec5bac28891"
}
```
## Image Cleaner Add-On
It will Install the Image Cleaner Add-On, which will automatically identify and remove stale images on the nodes, which might contain vulnerabilities that could create security issues.
```
az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-wus-01
{
...
"securityProfile": {
...
"imageCleaner": {
"enabled": true,
"intervalHours": 168
},
...
},
...
}
$ kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
eraser-controller-manager-794b999f7c-ml68b 1/1 Running 0 25h
...
```
## Lockdown of Node Manager Azure Resource Group
Prevents users from changing the Azure resources directly. Changes to these resources can affect cluster operations or cause future issues. For example, scaling and network configurations should be done via the Kubernetes API and not directly on the resources.
## API Server VNet Integration
This feature ensures that the network traffic between your API server and your node pools remains on the private network only by putting the API server behind an internal load balancer VIP in the delegated subnet, which the nodes are configured to utilize.
```
$ az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-wus-01
{
...
"enableVnetIntegration": true,
...
}
```
In the resource group hosting the resources used by the AKS cluster, you will see an additional load balancer besides the default Kubernetes load balancer.
This load balancer will have the following backend pool addresses, which will point to the new subnet dedicated to the API Server in the Virtual Network used by the AKS cluster. Its backend pool will contain the IP addresses of the individual API server instances.
```
$ az network lb address-pool list --resource-group rg-training-dev-infrastructure --lb-name kube-apiserver
[
{
"etag": "W/\"********-****-****-****-************\"",
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/kube-apiserver/backendAddressPools/kube-apiserver-backendpool",
"loadBalancerBackendAddresses": [
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.10",
"name": "10.226.0.10",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
},
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.11",
"name": "10.226.0.11",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
},
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.5",
"name": "10.226.0.5",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
},
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.6",
"name": "10.226.0.6",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
},
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.8",
"name": "10.226.0.8",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
},
{
"ipAddress": "10.226.0.9",
"name": "10.226.0.9",
"subnet": {
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/aks-vnet-30931460/subnets/aks-apiserver-subnet",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
}
],
"loadBalancingRules": [
{
"id": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourceGroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/kube-apiserver/loadBalancingRules/kube-apiserver-rule",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure"
}
],
"name": "kube-apiserver-backendpool",
"provisioningState": "Succeeded",
"resourceGroup": "rg-training-dev-infrastructure",
"type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools"
}
]
```
Form a workload prospective it will:
## Workload Identity
This service is based on OpenID Connect (OIDC) and works with resources both inside and outside Azure, such as GitHub and other Kubernetes clusters. It’s a best practice because it doesn’t require storing any passwords. This is an enhancement over User or System Managed Identity, which also used OpenID Connect but was limited to working only with Azure resources. As you can see, the OIDC issuer is enabled by default and provides a URL that clients can use to discover and interact with the identity provider.
```
$ az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-krc-01 --query "oidcIssuerProfile"
{
"enabled": true,
"issuerUrl": "https://koreacentral.oic.prod-aks.azure.com/00434baa-68ec-4d73-b0a2-fec5bac28891/250b5570-227b-46d2-a0d2-a705dd5ce854/"
}
```
**Note: Once enabled, the OIDC issuer on the cluster, disabling it is not supported.**
## Deployment Safeguards
This feature enables deployment safeguards to enforce Azure Policies, ensuring that specific misconfigurations that could introduce security issues are not deployed to the cluster. Deployment safeguards programmatically assess your clusters at creation or update time for compliance. There are two levels of configuration for deployment safeguards:
- **Warning Level:** Alerts you to any non-compliant configuration in the request.
- **Enforcement Level:** Blocks you from deploying non-compliant configurations.
The compliance information is aggregated and displayed in Azure Policy’s compliance dashboard. Behind the scenes, Deployment Safeguards utilize the open-source Gatekeeper. Gatekeeper acts as an admission controller, intercepting requests to the Kubernetes API server and evaluating the requests against the defined policies.
```
az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-krc-01 --query "addonProfiles"
{
...
"azurepolicy": {
"config": null,
"enabled": true,
"identity": {
"clientId": "********-****-****-****-************",
"objectId": "********-****-****-****-************",
"resourceId": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourcegroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/azurepolicy-aks-training-auto-krc-01"
}
}
}
```
As a result, you will have both the pods used by Gatekeeper and to interact with Azure Policy:
```
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
gatekeeper-system gatekeeper-audit-7bd8cb9f77-5xrr6 1/1 Running 0 33h
gatekeeper-system gatekeeper-controller-54694cd6c5-cjnpj 1/1 Running 0 33h
gatekeeper-system gatekeeper-controller-54694cd6c5-x7hdb 1/1 Running 0 33h
kube-system azure-policy-947f696dd-b2scr 1/1 Running 0 33h
kube-system azure-policy-webhook-6755fbcdbf-q87dx 1/1 Running 0 33h
```
## Azure Key Vault Provider
The Azure Key Vault Provider for the Secrets Store CSI Driver allows to integrate and use Azure Key Vault as secrets store via a CSI volume. By doing so, you will be able to mount secrets, keys, and certificates to a pod using a CSI volume.
```
$ az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-krc-01 --query addonProfiles
{
"azureKeyvaultSecretsProvider": {
"config": {
"enableSecretRotation": "true"
},
"enabled": true,
"identity": {
"clientId": "********-****-****-****-************",
"objectId": "********-****-****-****-************",
"resourceId": "/subscriptions/********-****-****-****-************/resourcegroups/rg-training-dev-infrastructure/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/azurekeyvaultsecretsprovider-aks-training-auto-krc-01"
}
}
...
}
```
When enabled, the add-on creates a user-assigned managed identity named `azurekeyvaultsecretsprovider-xxx` that is going to be used to authenticate to your key vault.
This managed identity is named and is automatically assigned to the Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) used by the cluster.
In the cluster it will create the related CSI drivers pods, and Azure Provider running on each agent node.
```
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
aks-secrets-store-csi-driver-vd4pr 3/3 Running 0 25h
aks-secrets-store-csi-driver-zrnhj 3/3 Running 0 25h
aks-secrets-store-csi-driver-zwd7t 3/3 Running 0 4h31m
aks-secrets-store-provider-azure-2c4xw 1/1 Running 0 25h
aks-secrets-store-provider-azure-lzndd 1/1 Running 0 4h31m
aks-secrets-store-provider-azure-zrmgr 1/1 Running 0 25h
```
# Networking
## Azure Container Networking Interface (CNI)
Azure CNI builds on the open-source Cilium project, utilizing the Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) dataplane to improve cluster performance and security. For example, by moving filtering tasks to kernel space through bpfilter instead of iptables, it significantly boosts performance. Additionally, it extends the Kubernetes NetworkPolicy API by introducing a custom CRD that supports more sophisticated network policies. This includes L7 network policies (beyond the standard L3/L4) and allows for the specification of port ranges for both ingress and egress.
You will be able to see the running Cilium pods, which handle network policies and connectivity in the cluster:
```
$ az aks show --resource-group rg-training-dev --name aks-training-auto-wus-01 --query "networkProfile"
{
...
"networkDataplane": "cilium",
"networkMode": null,
"networkPlugin": "azure",
"networkPluginMode": "overlay",
"networkPolicy": "cilium",
"outboundType": "managedNATGateway",
"podCidr": "10.244.0.0/16",
"podCidrs": [
"10.244.0.0/16"
],
"serviceCidr": "10.0.0.0/16",
"serviceCidrs": [
"10.0.0.0/16"
]
}
$ kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
cilium-fdbjp 1/1 Running 0 26h
cilium-operator-559887cf4-5drnd 1/1 Running 1 (25h ago) 26h
cilium-operator-559887cf4-74c8x 1/1 Running 1 (25h ago) 26h
cilium-tgfqp 1/1 Running 0 26h
cilium-xpww4 1/1 Running 0 26h
...
```
According to a performance test performed by Microsoft, where 50,000 requests were generated and measured for overall completion time. It was observed that while the service routing latency was similar at the beginning, the number of pods exceeded 5000, the latency for kube-proxy based clusters increased, while it remained consistent for Cilium-based clusters.
## Application Routing Add-On and Integration with Azure DNS
The Application Routing add-on installs a Custom Resource Definition (CRD) called `NginxIngressController`, which specifies the schema, validation rules, and properties for this resource.
```
$ kubectl get crds
NAME CREATED AT
..
nginxingresscontrollers.approuting.kubernetes.azure.com 2024-06-21T16:06:41Z
```
Alongside this, a new IngressClass named `webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com` is created, which defines the class of ingress controllers available in the cluster and specifies which controller will handle Ingress resources with this class.
```
$ kubectl get IngressClass -A
NAME CONTROLLER PARAMETERS AGE
webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com/nginx <none> 4d13h
```
The add-on also creates a LoadBalancer service named `nginx` in the `app-routing-system` namespace and a deployment named `nginx`, which in turn creates pods labeled `app=nginx` running the `nginx-ingress-controller` and configures them to use the `webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com `IngressClass.
```
$ kubectl get service -A
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
...
app-routing-system nginx LoadBalancer 10.0.113.74 20.249.170.147 80:31926/TCP,443:32563/TCP,10254:32575/TCP 3d20h
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
app-routing-system nginx-6f5b856d74-m2kfm 1/1 Running 0 41h
$ kubectl describe pod nginx-6f5b856d74-m2kfm -n app-routing-system
Name: nginx-6f5b856d74-m2kfm
Namespace: app-routing-system
Priority: 2000000000
Priority Class Name: system-cluster-critical
Service Account: nginx
Node: aks-system-surge-sbl4j/10.224.0.7
Start Time: Tue, 25 Jun 2024 12:03:35 +0900
Labels: app=nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component=ingress-controller
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by=aks-app-routing-operator
pod-template-hash=6f5b856d74
..
Status: Running
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-6f5b856d74
Containers:
controller:
Container ID: containerd://3e9b9d44953e7f88e660744f171d356d3918f2e53505858afed4b54bf7a1a911
Image: mcr.microsoft.com/oss/kubernetes/ingress/nginx-ingress-controller:v1.10.0
Image ID: mcr.microsoft.com/oss/kubernetes/ingress/nginx-ingress-controller@sha256:65a29e557a3c2b4f4762e5c2f90b563bf07ee0ceb23bebfd0f8161f029ffb2a6
...
Args:
/nginx-ingress-controller
--ingress-class=webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com
--controller-class=webapprouting.kubernetes.azure.com/nginx
--election-id=nginx
--publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx
--configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx
--enable-annotation-validation=true
--http-port=8080
--https-port=8443
...
```
This setup simplifies the integration and management of DNS and SSL configurations within your AKS cluster, as these ingress controllers can integrate with Azure DNS by default, eliminating the need for manual DNS settings configuration and DNS record management through Azure DNS.
## NAT Gateway
To avoid limitations related to the available number of outbound flows of traffic in an Azure Load Balancer, it installs a NAT Gateway for scalable outbound connection flows. Azure NAT Gateway allows up to 64,512 outbound UDP and TCP traffic flows per IP address, with a maximum of 16 IP addresses. This means that a single NAT Gateway can manage up to 1,032,192 outbound connections.
# Autoscaling
We can identify two scopes where the default configurations will affect: the cluster and the workloads. From the cluster perspective, it will:
## Node auto-provisioning (NAP) (preview)
When deploying workloads onto AKS, you need to decide on the node pool configuration regarding the VM size needed. As your workloads evolve, they may require different CPU, memory, and capabilities to run. Node Autoprovisioning (NAP) (Preview) is based on the open-source Karpenter project developed by AWS and uses an Azure provider to interact with the Azure API to manage VM instances.
Karpenter monitors the requests of pending pods and starts or terminates nodes based on resource requests (CPU, memory, GPUs) and constraints (node affinity, node anti-affinity). This behavior ensures the best VM configuration based on the workload requirements while simultaneously reducing infrastructure costs.
From the workload perspective, it will:
## Kubernetes Event-Driven Autoscaling (KEDA)
KEDA is an open-source event-driven autoscaler that acts as an agent to monitor events from multiple sources such as queues, databases, file systems, messaging systems, HTTP endpoints, custom metrics, and more, triggering the related scaling actions. It enhances the existing Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) by introducing new types of triggers based on events rather than just metrics resource utilization like CPU or memory.
```
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-system keda-admission-webhooks-7778cc48bd-8wcpl 1/1 Running 0 9m17s
kube-system keda-admission-webhooks-7778cc48bd-tvqcw 1/1 Running 0 9m17s
kube-system keda-operator-5c76fdd585-mgv77 1/1 Running 0 9m17s
kube-system keda-operator-5c76fdd585-tgnqv 1/1 Running 0 9m17s
kube-system keda-operator-metrics-apiserver-58c8cbcc85-rslrm 1/1 Running 0 9m21s
kube-system keda-operator-metrics-apiserver-58c8cbcc85-z4g56 1/1 Running 0 9m21s
```
## Vertical Pod Autoscaler
Microsoft officially announced support for the VPA on AKS in October 2022. However, this new AKS Automatic service enables it by default. The VPA dynamically adjusts the CPU and memory requests and limits of containers based on both historical and current usage data.
It’s important to note that Kubernetes cannot modify these values for a running pod. If a pod’s resource allocations are out of sync with the VPA’s recommendations, Kubernetes will delete the misaligned pods one by one, then redeploy them with the original limits and requests. Thanks to the mutating admission webhook, it will update the resource limits and requests according to the VPA’s recommendations before the pods are scheduled on a node.
```
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-system vpa-admission-controller-7cdd598b67-87h9b 1/1 Running 0 4m46s
kube-system vpa-admission-controller-7cdd598b67-rjrbj 1/1 Running 0 4m51s
kube-system vpa-recommender-76b9bb6fd-9v7cr 1/1 Running 0 4m41s
kube-system vpa-updater-5d69655799-h6dl5 1/1 Running 0 4m50s
```
# Observability
During the creation of the AKS Automatic cluster, you have the option of enabling Container Insights, Managed Prometheus, and Managed Grafana. When these features are enabled, you won’t see any pods running Grafana or Prometheus, nor persistent volumes storing data. Instead, you will only see pods collecting metrics and logs, managed by the Azure Monitor agents. These agents send the collected data to the Azure Monitor workspace.
## Azure Managed Prometheus
This PaaS service, built on top of the open-source Prometheus system developed by SoundCloud, leverages data stored in the Azure Monitor workspace sent by the `ama-metrics-*` pods. It allows you to perform queries and set up alerting on the collected metrics. For each Linux node in the cluster, there will be a dedicated `ama-metrics-node` pod.
You can identify the Azure Monitor agents responsible for collecting logs and metrics by inspecting the running pods:
```
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-system ama-logs-67s4m 2/2 Running 0 13m
kube-system ama-logs-7mm5t 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
kube-system ama-logs-bnjtm 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
kube-system ama-logs-rmbzz 2/2 Running 0 8m14s
kube-system ama-logs-rs-c9db97d64-nsrb9 1/1 Running 0 31h
kube-system ama-logs-xb2rj 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
kube-system ama-metrics-797c67fbf7-wf7g8 2/2 Running 0 3d10h
kube-system ama-metrics-ksm-d9c6f475b-28gtt 1/1 Running 0 3d10h
kube-system ama-metrics-node-75t2k 2/2 Running 0 3d10h
kube-system ama-metrics-node-78h6k 2/2 Running 0 3d10h
kube-system ama-metrics-node-gvzxr 2/2 Running 0 3d10h
kube-system ama-metrics-node-j8fzx 2/2 Running 0 13m
kube-system ama-metrics-node-p8l8h 2/2 Running 0 8m14s
kube-system ama-metrics-operator-targets-5849768d84-fsj66 2/2 Running 2 (3d10h ago) 3d10h
```
## Container Insights
Similarly to the Managed Prometheus Instance, Container Insights collects stdout/stderr logs from containers and sends them to the configured Azure Log Analytics workspace. These logs can then be queried using the Kusto Query Language (KQL) instead of PromQL.
```
$ kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-system ama-logs-67s4m 2/2 Running 0 13m
kube-system ama-logs-7mm5t 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
kube-system ama-logs-bnjtm 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
kube-system ama-logs-rmbzz 2/2 Running 0 8m14s
kube-system ama-logs-rs-c9db97d64-nsrb9 1/1 Running 0 31h
kube-system ama-logs-xb2rj 2/2 Running 0 3d11h
```
## Azure Managed Grafana
This PaaS service is built on top of the Grafana software by Grafana Labs. It comes with several pre-installed Azure and Kubernetes dashboards, and it uses an extension to read metrics and logs stored in the Azure Monitor workspace, providing a dashboard to visualize them.
# References
- **CNCF Landscape:** [https://landscape.cncf.io/
CNCF Annual Survey 2023: https://www.cncf.io/reports/cncf-annual-survey-2023/](https://landscape.cncf.io/
CNCF Annual Survey 2023: https://www.cncf.io/reports/cncf-annual-survey-2023/)
- **Worldwide Kubernetes Challenges Study:** [https://www.statista.com/statistics/1248435/worldwide-kubernetes-challenges-organizations/](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1248435/worldwide-kubernetes-challenges-organizations/)
- **Azure Node Auto Provisioning (NAP) announcement:** [https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/public-preview-node-autoprovision-support-in-aks/](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/public-preview-node-autoprovision-support-in-aks/)
- **Azure Kubernetes Service Automatic announcement:** [https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/public-preview-aks-automatic/](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/public-preview-aks-automatic/)
- **API Server VNet Integration (Preview):** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/api-server-vnet-integration](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/api-server-vnet-integration)
- **NRG Lockdown (Preview):** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/node-resource-group-lockdown](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/node-resource-group-lockdown)
- **Azure Node Auto Provisioning (NAP):** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/node-autoprovision?tabs=azure-cli](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/node-autoprovision?tabs=azure-cli)
- **Disable SSH (Preview):** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/manage-ssh-node-access?tabs=node-shell](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/manage-ssh-node-access?tabs=node-shell)
- **Safeguards (Preview):** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/deployment-safeguards](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/deployment-safeguards)
- **Image Cleaner Add-On:** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/image-cleaner](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/image-cleaner)
- **Azure CNI Overlay:** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/azure-cni-overlay?tabs=kubectl](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/azure-cni-overlay?tabs=kubectl)
- **Application Routing Add-On:** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/app-routing-nginx-configuration](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/app-routing-nginx-configuration)
- **NAT Gateway and AKS:** [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/nat-gateway](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/aks/nat-gateway)
- **Azure Managed Grafana:** [https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/managed-grafana](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/managed-grafana)
- **Gatekeeper:** [https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper](https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper)
- **Karpenter:** [https://karpenter.sh/](https://karpenter.sh/)
- **Azure CNI with Cilium Study:** [https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/azure-cni-with-cilium-most-scalable-and-performant-container-networking-in-the-cloud/](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/azure-cni-with-cilium-most-scalable-and-performant-container-networking-in-the-cloud/)
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