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1
5a42f4eb4a4859001aac73c1
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ...
What happened to the deals made with Sega?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42f4eb4a4859001aac73c2
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ...
What did Sega develop after its first dealings with Philips?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42f4eb4a4859001aac73c3
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ...
What was Sega's multimedia player?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730b4e2396df919000962ba
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What did Nintendo consider emulators?
{ "text": [ "flagrant software piracy" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
1
5730b4e2396df919000962bb
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What is the term for a software product abandoned by its owners?
{ "text": [ "abandonware" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
1
5730b4e2396df919000962bc
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What device allows backing up SNES games?
{ "text": [ "Retrode" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
1
5730b4e2396df919000962bd
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What is the term for homemade software?
{ "text": [ "homebrew" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
1
5a42fd284a4859001aac73db
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What did owners of the respective game consider emulators?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42fd284a4859001aac73dc
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What status did discontinued image files have?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42fd284a4859001aac73dd
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What did Nintendo do under abandonware status via the Retrode?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42fd284a4859001aac73de
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What were emulation supporters against regarding files?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a42fd284a4859001aac73df
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own...
What other system did supporters of SNES emulation also take the same stance with?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730b55f396df919000962cc
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What smartphones have SNES emulators?
{ "text": [ "Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
1
5730b55f396df919000962cd
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What portable game systems have SNES emulators?
{ "text": [ "Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
1
5730b55f396df919000962ce
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What was Nintendo's first approved emulator?
{ "text": [ "Nintendo's Virtual Console service for the Wii" ], "answer_start": [ 339 ] }
1
5a43023e4a4859001aac73e5
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What was Android's first official emulator?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a43023e4a4859001aac73e6
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What have been included with emulators on Playstation Portable?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a43023e4a4859001aac73e7
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What smartphones have Gamecube emulators?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a43023e4a4859001aac73e8
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What game systems are officially sanctioned by GameCube to include emulators?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a43023e4a4859001aac73e9
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Emulation of the SNES is now available on handheld units, such as Android devices, Apple's iPhone and iPad, Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP), the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, the Gizmondo, the Dingoo and the GP2X by GamePark Holdings, as well as PDAs. While individual games have been included with emulators on so...
What is the GP2X a port of on the Wii?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730b5f4069b53140083229f
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Which publication said Nintendo's best console ever was the SNES?
{ "text": [ "GameTrailers" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
1
5730b5f4069b5314008322a0
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Which writer said the SNES was the best console ever from any company?
{ "text": [ "Don Reisinger" ], "answer_start": [ 418 ] }
1
5730b5f4069b5314008322a1
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Where did GameTrailers rank the SNES among all consoles?
{ "text": [ "second-best" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
1
5730b5f4069b5314008322a2
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Who said the SNES was "simply the most timeless system ever created"?
{ "text": [ "GamingExcellence" ], "answer_start": [ 799 ] }
1
5730b5f4069b5314008322a3
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Where did IGN rank the SNES?
{ "text": [ "fourth best" ], "answer_start": [ 1216 ] }
1
5a4305f04a4859001aac73ef
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Why did GameTrailers name the SNES second-best console of all time in 2008?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a4305f04a4859001aac73f0
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
What did Will Greenwald proclaim about the Playstation in 2009?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a4305f04a4859001aac73f1
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Who said the Playstation was simply the most timeless system ever created?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a4305f04a4859001aac73f2
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
Why did Big N. Technology rate the Playstation fifth of ten?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a4305f04a4859001aac73f3
Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we lov...
In 2007 how did GamingExcellence rate the NES?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf4f
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
Some scholars contest that there was only one what?
{ "text": [ "substrate language" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }
1
5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf50
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to?
{ "text": [ "hunter and fisher peoples" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
1
5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf51
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
Where did the original Sumerians live?
{ "text": [ "marshland" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
1
5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf52
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
What culture did the peoples who would be called Sumerian have a part in?
{ "text": [ "Arabian bifacial" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
1
5730a6cd2461fd1900a9cf53
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
When were the earliest historical records of Sumer?
{ "text": [ "26th century BC" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
1
5a64f5eac2b11c001a425b4f
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
What language is believed to have started among nomadic people?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f5eac2b11c001a425b50
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
What people lived in river region of Arabia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f5eac2b11c001a425b51
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
Who was king in the 2600's BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f5eac2b11c001a425b52
Sumer
However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bif...
Who believes the Sumerians lived in the area of modern Persia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a771069b531400832209
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur?
{ "text": [ "about a century" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
1
5730a771069b53140083220a
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
When was the Third Dynasty of Ur?
{ "text": [ "approximately 2100-2000 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
1
5730a771069b53140083220b
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
What language was in use in the Neo-Sumerian Empire?
{ "text": [ "Akkadian" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }
1
5730a771069b53140083220c
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
What is considered to be the world's first city?
{ "text": [ "Eridu" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
1
5730a771069b53140083220d
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
1
5a64f832c2b11c001a425b57
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
What Empire was followed by native Sumerian rule?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f832c2b11c001a425b58
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
What dynasty was in power from the 21st to the 20th century BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f832c2b11c001a425b59
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
What was the worlds first settlement?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64f832c2b11c001a425b5a
Sumer
Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ...
How many cultures could be found in Arabia at the time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a824396df91900096250
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians?
{ "text": [ "Sumerian" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
1
5730a824396df91900096251
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What did the Sumerians refer to themselves as in their language?
{ "text": [ "\"the black-headed people\"" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
1
5730a824396df91900096252
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
How did the Sumerians refer to their land?
{ "text": [ "\"place of the noble lords\"" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
1
5730a824396df91900096253
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
Shumer, an Akkadian word, could reference what type of name?
{ "text": [ "geographical" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
1
5730a824396df91900096254
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What compass point of Mesopotamia did the Hebrew Shinar refer to?
{ "text": [ "southern" ], "answer_start": [ 609 ] }
1
5a64fdf2c2b11c001a425b7d
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What is the common name for the Semitic people Mesopotamia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64fdf2c2b11c001a425b7e
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What were the Semitic Akkadians called?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64fdf2c2b11c001a425b7f
Sumer
The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ...
What did the term Shumer lead to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf59
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?
{ "text": [ "prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
1
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5a
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?
{ "text": [ "Sumerian written history" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
1
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5b
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?
{ "text": [ "syllabary writing system" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
1
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5c
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
When does Classical Sumer end?
{ "text": [ "rise of the Akkadian Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }
1
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5d
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?
{ "text": [ "Semitic Amorite invasions" ], "answer_start": [ 613 ] }
1
5a64ff22c2b11c001a425b83
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What city-states declined during the Ubaid and Uruk periods?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64ff22c2b11c001a425b84
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What history goes back to 2700's BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64ff22c2b11c001a425b85
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What was obscure until 2300 BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64ff22c2b11c001a425b86
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What Empire came to power in 2300 BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a64ff22c2b11c001a425b87
Sumer
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop...
What dynasty lasted until the 17th century BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf63
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history?
{ "text": [ "Ubaid" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
1
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf64
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
Where could the pottery be found spread throughout?
{ "text": [ "Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
1
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf65
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
During the Ubaid, where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established?
{ "text": [ "Eridu" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
1
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf66
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them?
{ "text": [ "irrigation" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
1
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf67
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
Who was the chief god of Eridu?
{ "text": [ "Enki" ], "answer_start": [ 796 ] }
1
5a650f65c2b11c001a425bc5
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
What period was marked by a decline in Mesopotamian and Persian fine Art?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a650f65c2b11c001a425bc6
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
what was established at Eridu in the 53rd century BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a650f65c2b11c001a425bc7
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
What culture adopted and improved on irrigation agriculture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a650f65c2b11c001a425bc8
Sumer
The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture...
What city became the new religious center after Eridu?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730a9ff8ab72b1400f9c63a
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
What facilitated the rise of Sumerian cities?
{ "text": [ "trade goods" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
1
5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63b
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
How were trade goods transported in southern Mesopotamia?
{ "text": [ "transported along the canals and rivers" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
1
5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63c
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
How many people lived in the cities?
{ "text": [ "over 10,000" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
1
5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63d
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
During which period did Sumerian cities begin using slave labor?
{ "text": [ "Uruk" ], "answer_start": [ 371 ] }
1
5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63e
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
What have been found as far east as central Iran?
{ "text": [ "Artifacts" ], "answer_start": [ 551 ] }
1
5a65142ac2b11c001a425beb
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
What period ranged from the 41st to the 29th century BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65142ac2b11c001a425bec
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
What was transported along the rovers and canals of northern Mesopotamia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65142ac2b11c001a425bed
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
Who employed many laborers in the cities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65142ac2b11c001a425bee
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
When did Sumerians stop using slave labor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c644
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
What is an "ensi"?
{ "text": [ "priest-king" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
1
5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c645
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
What type of leadership did Sumerian cities during the Uruk period probably have?
{ "text": [ "theocratic" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
1
5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c646
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
Who assisted the ensi?
{ "text": [ "a council of elders" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
1
5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c647
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
What was the most urbanized city in the world at the time?
{ "text": [ "Uruk" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }
1
5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c648
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
Over how many people lived in Uruk?
{ "text": [ "50,000" ], "answer_start": [ 507 ] }
1
5a65159cc2b11c001a425bfd
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
When were Sumerian cities lead by a council of elders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65159cc2b11c001a425bfe
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
What was the Sumerian political structure based on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65159cc2b11c001a425bff
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
During what period did Sumeria develop professional soldiers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a65159cc2b11c001a425c00
Sumer
Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf...
How many inhabitants did Sumeria have during the Uruk period?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c65c
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
What is the name of the earliest dynastic Sumerian king?
{ "text": [ "Etana" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
1
5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c65d
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
What dynasty was Etana the 13th king of?
{ "text": [ "Kish" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
1
5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c65e
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
Who is the earliest king that is authenticated by actual physical evidence and not just legend?
{ "text": [ "Enmebaragesi" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
1
5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c65f
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
Where is Enmebaragesi's name mentioned?
{ "text": [ "Gilgamesh epic" ], "answer_start": [ 301 ] }
1
5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c660
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
What is the period of Enmebaragesi's reign associated with?
{ "text": [ "increased war" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
1
5a651902c2b11c001a425c0d
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
Who is the first Sumerian king?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a651902c2b11c001a425c0e
Sumer
The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead...
Who was the king during the last dynasty o Kish?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0