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1
5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc07
Tuvalu
Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union...
What school provides maritime education on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
1
5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc08
Tuvalu
Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union...
What is the yearly number of cadets at the Maritime Training Institute?
{ "text": [ "120" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
1
5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc09
Tuvalu
Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union...
What is the only trade union on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
1
5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc0a
Tuvalu
Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union...
On what does the Seaman'd Union represent workers?
{ "text": [ "on foreign ships" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
1
5731196da5e9cc1400cdbc0b
Tuvalu
Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union...
How many Tuvaluan men are active seafarers?
{ "text": [ "800" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
1
57311acfa5e9cc1400cdbc11
Tuvalu
Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of i...
How much money does Tuvalu's tv domain name earn each year?
{ "text": [ "$2.2 million" ], "answer_start": [ 435 ] }
1
57311acfa5e9cc1400cdbc12
Tuvalu
Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of i...
What si Tuvalu's tv domain?
{ "text": [ "Top Level Domain" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
1
57311acfa5e9cc1400cdbc13
Tuvalu
Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of i...
What company is managing Tuvalu's tv domain?
{ "text": [ "Verisign" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
1
57311acfa5e9cc1400cdbc14
Tuvalu
Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of i...
How much of the total government revenue comes from the domain name?
{ "text": [ "ten per cent" ], "answer_start": [ 489 ] }
1
57311acfa5e9cc1400cdbc15
Tuvalu
Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of i...
What income source does Tuvalu earn from shipping?
{ "text": [ "Tuvalu Ship Registry" ], "answer_start": [ 749 ] }
1
57311cc8a5e9cc1400cdbc1b
Tuvalu
The United Nations designates Tuvalu as a least developed country (LDC) because of its limited potential for economic development, absence of exploitable resources and its small size and vulnerability to external economic and environmental shocks. Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Relat...
What is the UN developmental designation for Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "least developed" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
1
57311cc8a5e9cc1400cdbc1c
Tuvalu
The United Nations designates Tuvalu as a least developed country (LDC) because of its limited potential for economic development, absence of exploitable resources and its small size and vulnerability to external economic and environmental shocks. Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Relat...
What organization sponsors an assistance program for least developed countries?
{ "text": [ "World Trade Organisation" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
1
57311cc8a5e9cc1400cdbc1d
Tuvalu
The United Nations designates Tuvalu as a least developed country (LDC) because of its limited potential for economic development, absence of exploitable resources and its small size and vulnerability to external economic and environmental shocks. Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Relat...
What did Tuvalu do in 2013 in regards to it least developed country status?
{ "text": [ "deferred its graduation" ], "answer_start": [ 485 ] }
1
57311cc8a5e9cc1400cdbc1e
Tuvalu
The United Nations designates Tuvalu as a least developed country (LDC) because of its limited potential for economic development, absence of exploitable resources and its small size and vulnerability to external economic and environmental shocks. Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Relat...
What would Tuvalu have lost as a developed country?
{ "text": [ "funding assistance" ], "answer_start": [ 854 ] }
1
57311cc8a5e9cc1400cdbc1f
Tuvalu
The United Nations designates Tuvalu as a least developed country (LDC) because of its limited potential for economic development, absence of exploitable resources and its small size and vulnerability to external economic and environmental shocks. Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Relat...
What type of problem does the current developed country rating not take into enough consideration?
{ "text": [ "environmental" ], "answer_start": [ 1172 ] }
1
57311f8b05b4da19006bcdcc
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
What is the radio station on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Radio Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
1
57311f8b05b4da19006bcdcd
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
From where does Radio Tuvalu broadcast?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }
1
57311f8b05b4da19006bcdce
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
Who gave financial support to Tuvalu to upgrade transmission equipment?
{ "text": [ "Japanese government" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }
1
57311f8b05b4da19006bcdcf
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
What did the new radio equipment replace with AM service?
{ "text": [ "FM radio" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
1
57311f8b05b4da19006bcdd0
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuva...
What service got more bandwidth from the transmission upgrade?
{ "text": [ "mobile" ], "answer_start": [ 453 ] }
1
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc49
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III ...
Where is Tuvalu's only port?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc4a
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III ...
Where is there a deep water berth available on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Nukufetau" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
1
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc4b
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III ...
Of how many ships does the merchant marine fleet consist?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
1
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc4c
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III ...
What ship did Japan donate to Tuvalu in 2015?
{ "text": [ "Nivaga III" ], "answer_start": [ 805 ] }
1
573120dda5e9cc1400cdbc4d
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III ...
What do Tuvalu's merchant fleet carry?
{ "text": [ "cargo and passengers" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
1
57312a03e6313a140071cca4
Tuvalu
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita a...
How many reef islands does the Tuvalu group have?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
1
57312a03e6313a140071cca5
Tuvalu
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita a...
What are the number of true atolls are in the Tuvalu islands?
{ "text": [ "six" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
1
57312a03e6313a140071cca6
Tuvalu
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita a...
What is the total land area of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "26 square kilometres" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
1
57312a03e6313a140071cca7
Tuvalu
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita a...
How does Tuvalu rank in country size as compared to other nations?
{ "text": [ "fourth smallest" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
1
57312a03e6313a140071cca8
Tuvalu
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita a...
What is the coverage of Tuvalu's economic zone?
{ "text": [ "900,000 km2" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
1
57312b6205b4da19006bce22
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular ...
Which of Tuvalu's atolls is largest?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
57312b6205b4da19006bce23
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular ...
What type of island grouping is Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "volcanic island chain" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
1
57312b6205b4da19006bce24
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular ...
What are the map coordinates fro Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "179°7'E and 8°30'S" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
1
57312b6205b4da19006bce25
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular ...
How species of creatures inhabit the Tuvalu lagoon?
{ "text": [ "607" ], "answer_start": [ 702 ] }
1
57312b6205b4da19006bce26
Tuvalu
Funafuti is the largest atoll of the nine low reef islands and atolls that form the Tuvalu volcanic island chain. It comprises numerous islets around a central lagoon that is approximately 25.1 kilometres (15.6 miles) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 miles) (W-E), centred on 179°7'E and 8°30'S. On the atolls, an annular ...
How many new species were were found in the Tuvalu area that had not been previously recorded?
{ "text": [ "66" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }
1
57312ca0e6313a140071ccc0
Tuvalu
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm ...
What specific ocean temperature conditions effect Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "El Niño and La Niña" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
1
57312ca0e6313a140071ccc1
Tuvalu
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm ...
Which effect causes increases in sea storms like cyclones?
{ "text": [ "El Niño" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
1
57312ca0e6313a140071ccc2
Tuvalu
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm ...
What temperature effect causes drought?
{ "text": [ "La Niña" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
1
57312ca0e6313a140071ccc3
Tuvalu
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm ...
What is the usual amount of rainfall per month on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "200 to 400 mm" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
1
57312ca0e6313a140071ccc4
Tuvalu
Tuvalu experiences the effects of El Niño and La Niña caused by changes in ocean temperatures in the equatorial and central Pacific. El Niño effects increase the chances of tropical storms and cyclones, while La Niña effects increase the chances of drought. Typically the islands of Tuvalu receive between 200 to 400 mm ...
What did a drought in 2011 cause on Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "rationing of fresh-water" ], "answer_start": [ 522 ] }
1
57312e3305b4da19006bce5e
Tuvalu
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
What type of device did Australia and New Zealand offer to Tuvalu during the 2011 drought?
{ "text": [ "desalination plants" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }
1
57312e3305b4da19006bce5f
Tuvalu
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
As aprt of what program did Japan fund a new desalination plant at Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Pacific Environment Community" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
1
57312e3305b4da19006bce60
Tuvalu
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
What did aid from the European Union provide during the drought on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "water tanks" ], "answer_start": [ 475 ] }
1
57312e3305b4da19006bce61
Tuvalu
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
What did Tuvalu's new water tanks make possible to store?
{ "text": [ "fresh water" ], "answer_start": [ 552 ] }
1
57312e3305b4da19006bce62
Tuvalu
The governments of Australia and New Zealand responded to the 2011 fresh-water crisis by supplying temporary desalination plants, and assisted in the repair of the existing desalination unit that was donated by Japan in 2006. In response to the 2011 drought, Japan funded the purchase of a 100 m3/d desalination plant an...
In what year had Japan previously donated a desalination plant to Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "2006" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }
1
57313024e6313a140071ccde
Tuvalu
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
What is the modern name for the air field built during WWII?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti International Airport" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
1
57313024e6313a140071ccdf
Tuvalu
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
What was damaged by building of the war time air field?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti Lagoon" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
1
57313024e6313a140071cce0
Tuvalu
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction impacted?
{ "text": [ "fresh-water aquifer" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
1
57313024e6313a140071cce1
Tuvalu
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "New Zealand Government" ], "answer_start": [ 744 ] }
1
57313024e6313a140071cce2
Tuvalu
The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea wa...
How much increase in land space did the filling of the borrow pits cause?
{ "text": [ "eight per cent" ], "answer_start": [ 1005 ] }
1
573131d905b4da19006bce7e
Tuvalu
The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occur...
What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?
{ "text": [ "80 per cent" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
1
573131d905b4da19006bce7f
Tuvalu
The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occur...
What increase caused by the El Ninos is responsible for the coral bleaching?
{ "text": [ "water temperature" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
1
573131d905b4da19006bce80
Tuvalu
The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occur...
What type of project has been started to rebuild the reefs at Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "reef restoration" ], "answer_start": [ 361 ] }
1
573131d905b4da19006bce81
Tuvalu
The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occur...
What has been investigated as a means of rebuilding the reefs at Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "foraminifera" ], "answer_start": [ 532 ] }
1
573131d905b4da19006bce82
Tuvalu
The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occur...
What is hoped will strengthen the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise?
{ "text": [ "ecosystem rehabilitation" ], "answer_start": [ 694 ] }
1
5731335fe6313a140071ccf8
Tuvalu
The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What has been formed to protect the fish stocks in Tuvalu Lagoon?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti Conservation Area" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
1
5731335fe6313a140071ccf9
Tuvalu
The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What factor has caused an increased demand for fish?
{ "text": [ "rising population" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
1
5731335fe6313a140071ccfa
Tuvalu
The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What has growth in population and poor sanitation caused?
{ "text": [ "pollution" ], "answer_start": [ 356 ] }
1
5731335fe6313a140071ccfb
Tuvalu
The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What organization has funded a waste management control plan on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "European Union" ], "answer_start": [ 508 ] }
1
5731335fe6313a140071ccfc
Tuvalu
The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate ...
What do imports produce on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "plastic waste" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }
1
573134d3e6313a140071cd1e
Tuvalu
Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-deliv...
What type of desalination is used on Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "Reverse osmosis" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
573134d3e6313a140071cd1f
Tuvalu
Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-deliv...
How much water does the Funafuti plant produce?
{ "text": [ "40 m3 per day" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }
1
573134d3e6313a140071cd20
Tuvalu
Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-deliv...
At what storage point is R/O water production meant to be used?
{ "text": [ "below 30%" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
1
573134d3e6313a140071cd21
Tuvalu
Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-deliv...
What is the cost of R/O produced water?
{ "text": [ "A$3.50 per m3" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
1
573134d3e6313a140071cd22
Tuvalu
Reverse osmosis (R/O) desalination units supplement rainwater harvesting on Funafuti. The 65 m3 desalination plant operates at a real production level of around 40 m3 per day. R/O water is only intended to be produced when storage falls below 30%, however demand to replenish household storage supplies with tanker-deliv...
What organization subsidizes the cost of water desalination?
{ "text": [ "government" ], "answer_start": [ 547 ] }
1
573136bb497a881900248c55
Tuvalu
In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptat...
When did the UN ask Tuvalu to come up with a plan to improve drinking water?
{ "text": [ "July 2012" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
1
573136bb497a881900248c56
Tuvalu
In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptat...
What did Tuvalu develop as a safe water strategy?
{ "text": [ "National Water Resources Policy" ], "answer_start": [ 203 ] }
1
573136bb497a881900248c57
Tuvalu
In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptat...
What is the per person per day targeted use of water for Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "50 and 100L" ], "answer_start": [ 478 ] }
1
573136bb497a881900248c58
Tuvalu
In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptat...
What organization called for Tuvalu to improve its water and sanitation systems?
{ "text": [ "United Nations" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
1
573136bb497a881900248c59
Tuvalu
In July 2012 a United Nations Special Rapporteur called on the Tuvalu Government to develop a national water strategy to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In 2012, Tuvalu developed a National Water Resources Policy under the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Project and the Pacific Adaptat...
What group ultimately sponsored the Tuvalu water resources policy?
{ "text": [ "Global Environment Fund" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
1
57313831497a881900248c71
Tuvalu
Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a...
What geological situation makes Tuvalu prone to storm damage?
{ "text": [ "low elevation" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
1
57313831497a881900248c72
Tuvalu
Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a...
To what climate change condition does Tuvalu's low elevation make it susceptible?
{ "text": [ "sea level rise" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
1
57313831497a881900248c73
Tuvalu
Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a...
What is the highest elevation on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "4.6 metres" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
1
57313831497a881900248c74
Tuvalu
Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a...
Where on Tuvalu is the highest elevation?
{ "text": [ "Niulakita" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
1
57313831497a881900248c75
Tuvalu
Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (a...
Where does Tuvalu rank among other countries as to lowest elevation?
{ "text": [ "second-lowest" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
1
573139b9497a881900248c85
Tuvalu
Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a majo...
What cyclone badly damaged Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "Cyclone Bebe" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
573139b9497a881900248c86
Tuvalu
Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a majo...
What islet was damaged by Cyclone Meli in 1979?
{ "text": [ "Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
1
573139b9497a881900248c87
Tuvalu
Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a majo...
How many cyclones effected Tuvalu during the 1996-97 cyclone season?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 476 ] }
1
573139b9497a881900248c88
Tuvalu
Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a majo...
What cyclone caused major damage to vegetation on all islands on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Cyclone Ofa" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
1
573139b9497a881900248c89
Tuvalu
Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a majo...
What was the first cyclone to strike Tuvalu during the 1996-97 season?
{ "text": [ "Cyclone Gavin" ], "answer_start": [ 399 ] }
1
57313b9a497a881900248ca3
Tuvalu
In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau ca...
What were the wave heights during Cyclone Pam on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft)" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
1
57313b9a497a881900248ca4
Tuvalu
In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau ca...
In what year did Cyclone Pam strike Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "March 2015" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
1
57313b9a497a881900248ca5
Tuvalu
In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau ca...
During Cyclone Pam which island had the most damage?
{ "text": [ "Nui" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
1
57313b9a497a881900248ca6
Tuvalu
In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau ca...
What percentage of Tuvalu crops were destroyed during Cyclone Pam?
{ "text": [ "90%" ], "answer_start": [ 534 ] }
1
57313b9a497a881900248ca7
Tuvalu
In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau ca...
The loss of what caused the Vasafua islet to become a sand bar due to Cyclone Pam?
{ "text": [ "coconut palms" ], "answer_start": [ 831 ] }
1
57313d51e6313a140071cd72
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu to assist with ...
What did the Tuvalu government assess after Cyclone Pam?
{ "text": [ "damage" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
1
57313d51e6313a140071cd73
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu to assist with ...
What event on Tuvalu made assistance to the population necessary?
{ "text": [ "Cyclone Pam" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
1
57313d51e6313a140071cd74
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu to assist with ...
What assistance did many international groups give to Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "recovery" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
1
57313d51e6313a140071cd75
Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Government carried out assessments of the damage caused by Cyclone Pam to the islands and has provided medical aid, food as well as assistance for the cleaning-up of storm debris. Government and Non-Government Organisations provided assistance technical, funding and material support to Tuvalu to assist with ...
For what action was government assistance necessary after the Tuvalu cyclone??
{ "text": [ "cleaning-up" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
1
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdab
Tuvalu
Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertaint...
What subject is arguable concerning Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "sea level" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
1
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdac
Tuvalu
Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertaint...
What was the amount of sea level change on Tuvalu estimated by the 2011 report?
{ "text": [ "5 mm" ], "answer_start": [ 661 ] }
1
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdad
Tuvalu
Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertaint...
What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "satellite" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
1
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdae
Tuvalu
Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertaint...
Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise?
{ "text": [ "pre-1993" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }
1
57313f0aa5e9cc1400cdbdaf
Tuvalu
Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertaint...
What is assumed about the sea level reports and records of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "degree of uncertainty" ], "answer_start": [ 300 ] }
1
5731411605b4da19006bcf54
Tuvalu
The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to incr...
What have the Tuvalu atolls displayed about sea level rise?
{ "text": [ "resilience" ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
1
5731411605b4da19006bcf55
Tuvalu
The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to incr...
What does gradual sea level rise allow for coral to increase?
{ "text": [ "reefs" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }
1
5731411605b4da19006bcf56
Tuvalu
The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to incr...
What sea level rise rate could cause more uncertainty to the welfare of coral reefs?
{ "text": [ "faster rate" ], "answer_start": [ 384 ] }
1
5731411605b4da19006bcf57
Tuvalu
The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to incr...
What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs?
{ "text": [ "ocean acidification" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }
1
5731411605b4da19006bcf58
Tuvalu
The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to incr...
Where does sand and coral debris end up because of the action of cyclones?
{ "text": [ "on the islands" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
1
573142d9e6313a140071cd98
Tuvalu
While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga...
What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "relocation" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
1