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1
5a654495c2b11c001a425d0b
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What system did Sumerians borrow from Babylonia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a654495c2b11c001a425d0c
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What was being used for private purposes well before the 26th century BC?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a654495c2b11c001a425d0d
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What learning centers were established the temples?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5a654495c2b11c001a425d0e
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
Who made the first laws?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
0
5730ae26396df91900096274
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
What is the previous name of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Ellice Islands" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
1
5730ae26396df91900096275
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
In which ocean is Tuvalu found?
{ "text": [ "Pacific Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }
1
5730ae26396df91900096276
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
Between what land areas is Tuvalu located?
{ "text": [ "Hawaii and Australia" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
1
5730ae26396df91900096277
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands?
{ "text": [ "10,640" ], "answer_start": [ 455 ] }
1
5730ae26396df91900096278
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
What originally formed the Tuvalu islands?
{ "text": [ "reef" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
1
5730afad069b531400832255
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European?
{ "text": [ "1568" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
1
5730afad069b531400832256
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
Who was the discoverer of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Álvaro de Mendaña" ], "answer_start": [ 27 ] }
1
5730afad069b531400832257
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking?
{ "text": [ "Terra Australis" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
1
5730afad069b531400832258
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
What was Tuvalu named in 1819?
{ "text": [ "Ellice Islands" ], "answer_start": [ 447 ] }
1
5730afad069b531400832259
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
By what means did the British govern Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "British protectorate" ], "answer_start": [ 602 ] }
1
5730b108069b531400832267
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area?
{ "text": [ "3000 years" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
1
5730b108069b531400832268
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
By what means did locale people travel between Pacific islands?
{ "text": [ "canoe" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
1
5730b108069b531400832269
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?
{ "text": [ "nine islands" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
1
5730b108069b53140083226a
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
On how many of Tuvalu's islands did people live?
{ "text": [ "Eight" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
1
5730b108069b53140083226b
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "eight standing together" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
1
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b4
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "te Pusi mo te Ali" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
1
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b5
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?
{ "text": [ "flat atolls" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
1
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b6
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent?
{ "text": [ "coconut palms" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
1
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b7
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came?
{ "text": [ "Samoa" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
1
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b8
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came?
{ "text": [ "Tonga" ], "answer_start": [ 573 ] }
1
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6be
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
What explorer traveled through the Tuvalu islands in 1764?
{ "text": [ "Captain John Byron" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6bf
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "circumnavigation of the globe" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
1
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c0
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
How did Byron name the Tuvalu islands?
{ "text": [ "Lagoon Islands" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
1
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c1
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
Which island of Tuvalu was identified as the one that Mourelle sailed past in 1781?
{ "text": [ "Niutao" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
1
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c2
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
When were chronometers available for accurate location charting?
{ "text": [ "late 18th" ], "answer_start": [ 618 ] }
1
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03b
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "May 1819" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
1
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03c
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
Which of the Tuvalu isalnds did de Peyster see?
{ "text": [ "Nukufetau and Funafuti" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
1
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03d
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?
{ "text": [ "Ellice's Island" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
1
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03e
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?
{ "text": [ "Edward Ellice" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
1
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03f
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
After Findlay's charting how many islands of the group were named Ellice?
{ "text": [ "all nine islands" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
1
5730c03d069b5314008322fb
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?
{ "text": [ "1862–63" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
1
5730c03d069b5314008322fc
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters?
{ "text": [ "blackbirding" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }
1
5730c03d069b5314008322fd
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?
{ "text": [ "tricks" ], "answer_start": [ 452 ] }
1
5730c03d069b5314008322fe
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Rev. A. W. Murray" ], "answer_start": [ 559 ] }
1
5730c03d069b5314008322ff
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?
{ "text": [ "1863" ], "answer_start": [ 639 ] }
1
5730c1ae396df91900096328
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
When did Christianity arrive in Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "1861" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
1
5730c1ae396df91900096329
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
What church deacon was washed ashore on Nukulaelae?
{ "text": [ "Elekana" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
1
5730c1ae396df9190009632b
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
What missionary was the first European missionary to come to Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Rev. A. W. Murray" ], "answer_start": [ 420 ] }
1
5730c1ae396df9190009632c
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
Of what nationality were most of the ministers of the Church of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Samoans" ], "answer_start": [ 820 ] }
1
5730c30bf6cb411900e24460
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "mid-19th" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
1
5730c30bf6cb411900e24461
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "palagi traders" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
1
5730c30bf6cb411900e24462
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "John (also known as Jack) O'Brien" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
1
5730c30bf6cb411900e24463
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
Which native did O'Brien marry?
{ "text": [ "Salai" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
1
5730c30bf6cb411900e24464
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "Louis Becke" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
1
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a93
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What sea captain reported on the Tuvalu trading in 1892?
{ "text": [ "Captain Davis" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
1
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a94
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What was the name of Davis's ship?
{ "text": [ "HMS Royalist" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
1
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a95
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What did palagi traders act as for the trading companies?
{ "text": [ "agents" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }
1
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a96
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
How many traders did some islands have?
{ "text": [ "competing" ], "answer_start": [ 518 ] }
1
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a97
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What type of islands in the Tuvalu group have few traders?
{ "text": [ "dryer" ], "answer_start": [ 542 ] }
1
5730c960b54a4f140068cc5c
Tuvalu
In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
What operational changes caused a decline in the numbers of palagi traders in Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "structural changes" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
1
5730c960b54a4f140068cc5d
Tuvalu
In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
What type of traders did the Pacific trading companies cease to use?
{ "text": [ "resident" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }
1
5730c960b54a4f140068cc5e
Tuvalu
In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
How did the trading companies begin to trade with islanders?
{ "text": [ "deal directly" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }
1
5730c960b54a4f140068cc5f
Tuvalu
In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
By what year were there no more palagi traders on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "1909" ], "answer_start": [ 562 ] }
1
5730c960b54a4f140068cc60
Tuvalu
In the later 1890s and into first decade of the 20th century, structural changes occurred in the operation of the Pacific trading companies; they moved from a practice of having traders resident on each island to instead becoming a business operation where the supercargo (the cargo manager of a trading ship) would deal...
What is the term for a ship's cargo manager?
{ "text": [ "supercargo" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
1
5730cac5f6cb411900e244b8
Tuvalu
In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice I...
What writer visited the Tuvalu Islands in 1890?
{ "text": [ "Robert Louis Stevenson" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
1
5730cac5f6cb411900e244b9
Tuvalu
In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice I...
When did Robert Louis Stevenson sail on the ship Janet Nicoll?
{ "text": [ "1890" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
1
5730cac5f6cb411900e244ba
Tuvalu
In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice I...
What type of ship was the Janet Nicoll?
{ "text": [ "trading steamer" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
1
5730cac5f6cb411900e244bb
Tuvalu
In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice I...
Who recorded the trip aboard the Janet Nicoll?
{ "text": [ "Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
1
5730cac5f6cb411900e244bc
Tuvalu
In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice I...
What was the title of the travel book written by Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson?
{ "text": [ "The Cruise of the Janet Nichol" ], "answer_start": [ 585 ] }
1
5730cc66b54a4f140068cc6c
Tuvalu
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig...
What are the boreholes on Funafuti called?
{ "text": [ "Darwin's Drill" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
1
5730cc66b54a4f140068cc6d
Tuvalu
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig...
What group conducted a study of coral on Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "Royal Society of London" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
1
5730cc66b54a4f140068cc6e
Tuvalu
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig...
What formations was the Royal Society studying?
{ "text": [ "coral reefs" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
1
5730cc66b54a4f140068cc6f
Tuvalu
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig...
Who's basic work in the area of coral reefs did the Royal Society's investigations follow?
{ "text": [ "Charles Darwin" ], "answer_start": [ 406 ] }
1
5730cc66b54a4f140068cc70
Tuvalu
The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investig...
What was Darwin's work on coral reefs titled?
{ "text": [ "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
1
5730cd10aca1c71400fe5ad5
Tuvalu
Charles Hedley, a naturalist at the Australian Museum, accompanied the 1896 expedition and during his stay on Funafuti collected invertebrate and ethnological objects. The descriptions of these were published in Memoir III of the Australian Museum Sydney between 1896 and 1900. Hedley also wrote the General Account of t...
What naturalist was on the 1896 expedition to Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "Charles Hedley" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
1
5730cd10aca1c71400fe5ad6
Tuvalu
Charles Hedley, a naturalist at the Australian Museum, accompanied the 1896 expedition and during his stay on Funafuti collected invertebrate and ethnological objects. The descriptions of these were published in Memoir III of the Australian Museum Sydney between 1896 and 1900. Hedley also wrote the General Account of t...
What type of objects did Hedley collect on Funafuti
{ "text": [ "invertebrate and ethnological" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
1
5730d28cb54a4f140068cc9c
Tuvalu
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tar...
For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War?
{ "text": [ "a base" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
1
5730d28cb54a4f140068cc9d
Tuvalu
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tar...
What group occupied the Gilbert Islands?
{ "text": [ "Japanese forces" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
1
5730d28cb54a4f140068cc9e
Tuvalu
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tar...
What action delayed the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands?
{ "text": [ "Battle of the Coral Sea" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
1
5730d28cb54a4f140068cc9f
Tuvalu
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tar...
From what time span were USN Torpedo Boats stationed at Funafuti?
{ "text": [ "2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944" ], "answer_start": [ 1103 ] }
1
5730d28cb54a4f140068cca0
Tuvalu
During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tar...
On what islet did US forces build a seaplane ramp?
{ "text": [ "Fongafale" ], "answer_start": [ 820 ] }
1
5730d756b7151e1900c0156a
Tuvalu
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a co...
In what year was ministerial government started in the Gilbert and Ellice islands?
{ "text": [ "1974" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
1
5730d756b7151e1900c0156b
Tuvalu
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a co...
What document was changed to cause a change in government?
{ "text": [ "Constitution" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
1
5730d756b7151e1900c0156c
Tuvalu
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a co...
When was a referendum held to determine the government of Ellice?
{ "text": [ "December 1974" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
1
5730d756b7151e1900c0156d
Tuvalu
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a co...
What was the determination of the referendum?
{ "text": [ "separation" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
1
5730d756b7151e1900c0156e
Tuvalu
In 1974 ministerial government was introduced to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony through a change to the Constitution. In that year a general election was held; and a referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a co...
What did the Tuvaluan Order 1976 recognize Tuvalu to be?
{ "text": [ "British dependency" ], "answer_start": [ 478 ] }
1
5730d8b2f6cb411900e244e2
Tuvalu
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 me...
When did Tuvalu acquire independence?
{ "text": [ "October 1978" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
1
5730d8b2f6cb411900e244e3
Tuvalu
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 me...
What was formed in 1974?
{ "text": [ "British colony of Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
1
5730d8b2f6cb411900e244e4
Tuvalu
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 me...
After independence, what was the Assembly on Tuvalu named?
{ "text": [ "Parliament of Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
1
5730d8b2f6cb411900e244e5
Tuvalu
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 me...
What type of parliament does Tuvalu have?
{ "text": [ "unicameral" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }
1
5730d8b2f6cb411900e244e6
Tuvalu
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 me...
In Tuvalu government, what group elect the Prime Minster?
{ "text": [ "members of parliament" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
1
5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0b
Tuvalu
There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is t...
How many courts are there on Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "eight" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
1
5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0c
Tuvalu
There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is t...
What is the name of the superior court of Tuvalu?
{ "text": [ "High Court of Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 323 ] }
1
5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0d
Tuvalu
There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is t...
What is the High Court's right to determine?
{ "text": [ "Law of Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
1
5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0e
Tuvalu
There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is t...
What judge is the Chief Justice of the Tuvalu High Court?
{ "text": [ "Sir Gordon Ward" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }
1
5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0f
Tuvalu
There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is t...
To where can judgments be appealed?
{ "text": [ "Court of Appeal of Tuvalu" ], "answer_start": [ 565 ] }
1
5730db52b7151e1900c01574
Tuvalu
Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
In what group is Tuvalu involved?
{ "text": [ "Secretariat of the Pacific Community" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
1
5730db52b7151e1900c01575
Tuvalu
Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
In which forum group is Tuvalu a member?
{ "text": [ "Pacific Islands Forum" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
1
5730db52b7151e1900c01576
Tuvalu
Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
In which British group is Tuvalu a member?
{ "text": [ "Commonwealth of Nations" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
1
5730db52b7151e1900c01577
Tuvalu
Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
To what world organization does Tuvalu belong?
{ "text": [ "United Nations" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
1
5730db52b7151e1900c01578
Tuvalu
Tuvalu participates in the work of Secretariat of the Pacific Community, or SPC (sometimes Pacific Community) and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations. Tuvalu has maintained a mission at the United Nations in New York City since 2000. Tuvalu is a member of the Wor...
On what date did Tuvalu join the Pacific Islands Development Forum?
{ "text": [ "18 February 2016" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
1
5730dd2cb7151e1900c01586
Tuvalu
A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands s...
What crisis is a major concern for Tuvalu at the UN?
{ "text": [ "global warming" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
1
5730dd2cb7151e1900c01587
Tuvalu
A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands s...
In concert with global warming, what is Tuvalu's other envirnmental priority?
{ "text": [ "sea level rising" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
1
5730dd2cb7151e1900c01588
Tuvalu
A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands s...
What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification?
{ "text": [ "Kyoto Protocol" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
1
5730dd2cb7151e1900c01589
Tuvalu
A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands s...
What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions?
{ "text": [ "binding deals" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
1
5730dd2cb7151e1900c0158a
Tuvalu
A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands s...
What does Tuvalu feel its position to be in climate change?
{ "text": [ "vulnerable" ], "answer_start": [ 591 ] }
1